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Mishra A, Giuliani G, Longo VD. Nutrition and dietary restrictions in cancer prevention. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189063. [PMID: 38147966 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
The composition and pattern of dietary intake have emerged as key factors influencing aging, regeneration, and consequently, healthspan and lifespan. Cancer is one of the major diseases more tightly linked with aging, and age-related mortality. Although the role of nutrition in cancer incidence is generally well established, we are far from a consensus on how diet influences tumour development in different tissues. In this review, we will discuss how diet and dietary restrictions affect cancer risk and the molecular mechanisms potentially responsible for their effects. We will cover calorie restriction, intermittent fasting, prolonged fasting, fasting-mimicking diet, time-restricted eating, ketogenic diet, high protein diet, Mediterranean diet, and the vegan and vegetarian diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrendra Mishra
- Longevity Institute and Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Giacomo Giuliani
- Longevity Institute and Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Valter D Longo
- Longevity Institute and Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello, 16, 20139 Milano, Italy.
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Santos-Pereira M, Pereira SC, Rebelo I, Spadella MA, Oliveira PF, Alves MG. Decoding the Influence of Obesity on Prostate Cancer and Its Transgenerational Impact. Nutrients 2023; 15:4858. [PMID: 38068717 PMCID: PMC10707940 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the escalating prevalence of metabolic disorders, notably obesity and being overweight, has emerged as a pressing concern in public health. Projections for the future indicate a continual upward trajectory in obesity rates, primarily attributable to unhealthy dietary patterns and sedentary lifestyles. The ramifications of obesity extend beyond its visible manifestations, intricately weaving a web of hormonal dysregulation, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress. This nexus of factors holds particular significance in the context of carcinogenesis, notably in the case of prostate cancer (PCa), which is a pervasive malignancy and a leading cause of mortality among men. A compelling hypothesis arises from the perspective of transgenerational inheritance, wherein genetic and epigenetic imprints associated with obesity may wield influence over the development of PCa. This review proposes a comprehensive exploration of the nuanced mechanisms through which obesity disrupts prostate homeostasis and serves as a catalyst for PCa initiation. Additionally, it delves into the intriguing interplay between the transgenerational transmission of both obesity-related traits and the predisposition to PCa. Drawing insights from a spectrum of sources, ranging from in vitro and animal model research to human studies, this review endeavors to discuss the intricate connections between obesity and PCa. However, the landscape remains partially obscured as the current state of knowledge unveils only fragments of the complex mechanisms linking these phenomena. As research advances, unraveling the associated factors and underlying mechanisms promises to unveil novel avenues for understanding and potentially mitigating the nexus between obesity and the development of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Santos-Pereira
- iBiMED-Institute of Biomedicine and Department of Medical Science, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
- Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara C. Pereira
- Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, Campus Universitario de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Irene Rebelo
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biologic Sciences, Pharmaceutical Faculty, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Maria A. Spadella
- Human Embryology Laboratory, Marília Medical School, Marília 17519-030, SP, Brazil;
| | - Pedro F. Oliveira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, Campus Universitario de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Marco G. Alves
- iBiMED-Institute of Biomedicine and Department of Medical Science, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
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Joya MR, Naghshi S, Sadeghi O, Benisi-Kohansal S, Azadbakht L, Lotfi K, Ostadrahimi A, Tutunchi H, Esmaillzadeh A. Dietary linoleic acid intake in relation to breast cancer: A case-control study. Health Promot Perspect 2023; 13:219-226. [PMID: 37808944 PMCID: PMC10558966 DOI: 10.34172/hpp.2023.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The present study aimed to investigate the association between dietary linoleic acid (LA) intake and breast cancer in women. Methods In this population-based case-control study, we enrolled 350 pathologically confirmed breast cancer cases and 700 controls which were matched with cases in terms of age and socioeconomic status. Dietary intakes were assessed using a 106-item Willett-format semi-quantitative dish-based food frequency questionnaire (DS-FFQ). Odds ratios (ORs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated. Results A significant inverse association was found between LA intake and odds of breast cancer (OR: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.30-0.56). After adjusting for potential confounders, women in the highest tertile of dietary LA intake were 48% less likely to have breast cancer compared with those in the lowest tertile (OR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.28-0.95). Such a significant inverse association was also seen among normal-weight women (OR: 0.29, 95% CI: 0.14-0.63), and premenopausal women (OR: 0.15, 95% CI: 0.02-0.95). Conclusion The findings of current study provide evidence for a protective role of LA against breast cancer particularly among normal-weight and premenopausal women. Prospective studies are needed to confirm this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Reza Joya
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Nutrition Department, Kabul University of Medical Sciences, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Sina Naghshi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Omid Sadeghi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanaz Benisi-Kohansal
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Azadbakht
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Keyhan Lotfi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Ostadrahimi
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Helda Tutunchi
- Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular -Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Kono M, Shatila M, Xu G, Lu Y, Mathew A, Mohajir W, Varatharajalu K, Qiao W, Thomas AS, Wang Y. Obesity Measured via Body Mass Index May Be Associated with Increased Incidence but Not Worse Outcomes of Immune-Mediated Diarrhea and Colitis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2329. [PMID: 37190257 PMCID: PMC10136922 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity defined by high body mass index (BMI) has traditionally been associated with gastrointestinal inflammatory processes but has recently been correlated with better survival in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). We sought to investigate the association between BMI and immune-mediated diarrhea and colitis (IMDC) outcomes and whether BMI reflects body fat content on abdominal imaging. This retrospective, single-center study included cancer patients with ICI exposure who developed IMDC and had BMI and abdominal computed tomography (CT) obtained within 30 days before initiating ICI from April 2011 to December 2019. BMI was categorized as <25, ≥25 but <30, and ≥30. Visceral fat area (VFA), subcutaneous fat area (SFA), total fat area (TFA: VFA+SFA), and visceral to subcutaneous fat (V/S) ratio were obtained from CT at the umbilical level. Our sample comprised 202 patients; 127 patients (62.9%) received CTLA-4 monotherapy or a combination, and 75 (37.1%) received PD-1/PD-L1 monotherapy. Higher BMIs ≥ 30 were associated with a higher incidence of IMDC than BMIs ≤ 25 (11.4% vs. 7.9%, respectively; p = 0.029). Higher grades of colitis (grade 3-4) correlated with lower BMI (p = 0.03). BMI level was not associated with other IMDC characteristics or did not influence overall survival (p = 0.83). BMI is strongly correlated with VFA, SFA, and TFA (p < 0.0001). Higher BMI at ICI initiation was linked to a higher incidence of IMDC but did not appear to affect outcomes. BMI strongly correlated with body fat parameters measured by abdominal imaging, suggesting its reliability as an obesity index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Kono
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Malek Shatila
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Guofan Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Antony Mathew
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wasay Mohajir
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Krishnavathana Varatharajalu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wei Qiao
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anusha S. Thomas
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yinghong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Ruan GT, Xie HL, Hu CL, Liu CA, Zhang HY, Zhang Q, Wang ZW, Zhang X, Ge YZ, Lin SQ, Tang M, Song MM, Zhang XW, Liu XY, Zhang KP, Yang M, Yu KY, Wang KH, Hu W, Deng L, Cong MH, Shi HP. Comprehensive prognostic effects of systemic inflammation and Insulin resistance in women with breast cancer with different BMI: a prospective multicenter cohort. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4303. [PMID: 36922570 PMCID: PMC10017691 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31450-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the prognostic value of systemic inflammation and insulin resistance in women with breast cancer with different body mass index (BMI). This multicenter, prospective study included 514 women with breast cancer. Multivariate survival analysis showed that patients with high C-reactive protein (CRP), high CRP to albumin ratio (CAR), high lymphocyte to CRP ratio (LCR), high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (LHR), and high triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-c) were significantly associated with worse prognosis. The mortality rate of patients with both high CAR and high LHR or both low LCR and high LHR were 3.91-fold or 3.89-fold higher than patients with both low CAR and low LHR or both high LCR and low LHR, respectively. Furthermore, the combination of LCR and LHR significantly predicted survival in patients within the high BMI group. The CRP, CAR, LCR, LHR, and TG/HDL-c were associated with poor survival in women with breast cancer. The combination of CAR and LHR or LCR and LHR could better predict the prognostic outcomes of women with breast cancer, while the combination of LCR and LHR could better predict the prognosis of those patients with overweight or obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Tian Ruan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Hai-Lun Xie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Chun-Lei Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Chen-An Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - He-Yang Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Zi-Wen Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Yi-Zhong Ge
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Shi-Qi Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Meng Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Meng-Meng Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Xiao-Yue Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Kang-Ping Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Kai-Ying Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Kun-Hua Wang
- Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
- General Surgery Clinical Medical Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Wen Hu
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Deng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China.
| | - Ming-Hua Cong
- Comprehensive Oncology Department, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100038, China.
| | - Han-Ping Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China.
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Chludzińska-Kasperuk S, Lewko J, Sierżantowicz R, Krajewska-Kułak E, Reszeć-Giełażyn J. The Effect of Serum Leptin Concentration and Leptin Receptor Expression on Colorectal Cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4951. [PMID: 36981858 PMCID: PMC10048899 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The level of leptin in the blood shows a positive, strong correlation with the mass of adipose tissue. Being overweight and having metabolic disorders increase the risk of developing colorectal cancer. AIM OF THE PAPER The aim of the study was to assess the concentration of leptin in the blood serum as well as the expression of the leptin receptor in colorectal cancer cells. In addition, the effect of serum leptin concentration and leptin receptor expression on clinical and pathological parameters such as BMI, obesity, TNM, and tumor size was assessed. METHODS The study included 61 patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer and treated with surgery. RESULTS Strong leptin receptor expression and the prevalence of overweight and obesity are factors influencing the occurrence of excessive leptin concentrations. CONCLUSION Leptin may be involved in the development and progression of colorectal cancer. More research is needed to better elucidate the role of leptin in the development and progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Chludzińska-Kasperuk
- Biobank, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Primary Health Care, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-054 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jolanta Lewko
- Department of Primary Health Care, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-054 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Regina Sierżantowicz
- Department of Surgical Nursing, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Krajewska-Kułak
- Department of Integrated Medical Care, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Reszeć-Giełażyn
- Department of Medical Pathomorphology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
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Qi L, Chen F, Wang L, Yang Z, Zhang W, Li ZH. Identification of anoikis-related molecular patterns to define tumor microenvironment and predict immunotherapy response and prognosis in soft-tissue sarcoma. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1136184. [PMID: 36937870 PMCID: PMC10014785 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1136184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) is a massive threat to human health due to its high morbidity and malignancy. STS also represents more than 100 histologic and molecular subtypes, with different prognosis. There is growing evidence that anoikis play a key role in the proliferation and invasion of tumors. However, the effects of anoikis in the immune landscape and the prognosis of STS remain unclear. Methods: We analyzed the genomic and transcriptomic profiling of 34 anoikis-related genes (ARGs) in patient cohort of pan-cancer and STS from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Single-cell transcriptome was used to disclose the expression patterns of ARGs in specific cell types. Gene expression was further validated by real-time PCR and our own sequencing data. We established the Anoikis cluster and Anoikis subtypes by using unsupervised consensus clustering analysis. An anoikis scoring system was further built based on the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between Anoikis clusters. The clinical and biological characteristics of different groups were evaluated. Results: The expressions of most ARGs were significantly different between STS and normal tissues. We found some common ARGs profiles across the pan-cancers. Network of 34 ARGs demonstrated the regulatory pattern and the association with immune cell infiltration. Patients from different Anoikis clusters or Anoikis subtypes displayed distinct clinical and biological characteristics. The scoring system was efficient in prediction of prognosis and immune cell infiltration. In addition, the scoring system could be used to predict immunotherapy response. Conclusion: Overall, our study thoroughly depicted the anoikis-related molecular and biological profiling and interactions of ARGs in STS. The Anoikis score model could guide the individualized management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Qi
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Fangyue Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Zhimin Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Long School of Medicine, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Wenchao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Wenchao Zhang, ; Zhi-Hong Li,
| | - Zhi-Hong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Wenchao Zhang, ; Zhi-Hong Li,
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El Sharif N, Khatib I. Healthy Lifestyle and Breast Cancer Risk in Palestinian Women: A Case-Control Study. Nutr Cancer 2023; 75:901-911. [PMID: 36655429 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2023.2168022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between a combined healthy lifestyle score and the risk of breast cancer (BC) in Palestinian women. A hospital-based case-control study compared 237 BC cases with confirmed diagnoses to 237 healthy controls. Women's lifestyle components were assessed using a validated questionnaire. A healthy lifestyle index (HLI) has been developed. We used logistic regression models to investigate the relationship between combined lifestyle scores and BC odds. The results revealed that HLI was significantly higher in the control group than in the study group. A higher HLI score was associated with a lower risk of BC in the multivariate analysis. The adjusted odds ratios (AOR) were 0.19 for all women, 0.15 for postmenopausal women, and 0.23 for premenopausal women when the HLI highest and lowest tertiles were compared. HLI score increases of one point resulted in a 41% reduction in the risk of BC for all women, a 42% reduction for postmenopausal and premenopausal women, and a 39% reduction for postmenopausal women. Women who live a healthy lifestyle, according to our findings, have a lower risk of breast cancer. BC prevention programs must promote long-term healthy food and lifestyle choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuha El Sharif
- School of Public Health, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Imtithal Khatib
- School of Public Health, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine
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9
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Sugimoto N, Tanaka E, Inoue E, Abe M, Sugano E, Sugitani N, Saka K, Ochiai M, Higuchi Y, Yamaguchi R, Ikari K, Nakajima A, Yamanaka H, Harigai M. Trends in Risks of Malignancies in Japanese Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Analyses from a 14-year Observation of the IORRA Cohort. Mod Rheumatol 2022:6653673. [PMID: 35920098 DOI: 10.1093/mr/roac085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the trends in risks of overall and site-specific malignancies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS Among Japanese patients with RA enrolled in the Institute of Rheumatology, Rheumatoid Arthritis (IORRA) cohort, all malignancies that occurred from 2000 to 2013 were extracted. The standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for overall and site-specific malignancies were calculated during three periods: pre-biologics, 2000-2004; early biologics, 2005-2009; and recent biologics, 2010-2013. Risk factors for overall and specific malignancies were analyzed using time-dependent Cox regression models. RESULTS Among 11,299 patients with RA (68,483 person-years), 507 malignancies were confirmed. Similar risks were observed versus the general Japanese population for overall malignancies throughout the three periods, with SIRs (95% CIs) of 0.96 (0.80-1.14) in the pre-biologics period, 0.95 (0.82-1.09) in the early biologics period, and 0.87 (0.75-1.01) in the recent biologics period. Significant increased risk for malignant lymphoma was observed throughout the observation period (SIR 4.61, 95% CI 3.58-5.85). The disease activity was a significant risk factor for overall malignancies and lung cancer. CONCLUSION Despite the expanding use of methotrexate and biologics, there were no increases in malignancy risk in Japanese patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Sugimoto
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiichi Tanaka
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eisuke Inoue
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Showa University Research Administration Center, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mai Abe
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eri Sugano
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naohiro Sugitani
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kumiko Saka
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Moeko Ochiai
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Higuchi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rei Yamaguchi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsunori Ikari
- Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Multidisciplinary Management of Rheumatic Diseases, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayako Nakajima
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Rheumatic Diseases, Mie University Hospital, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Hisashi Yamanaka
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Rheumatology, Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Rheumatology, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Harigai
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Naaman SC, Shen S, Zeytinoglu M, Iyengar NM. Obesity and Breast Cancer Risk: The Oncogenic Implications of Metabolic Dysregulation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:2154-2166. [PMID: 35453151 PMCID: PMC9282365 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Breast cancer is increasing in prevalence in parallel with rising rates of obesity worldwide. Obesity is recognized as a leading modifiable risk factor for the development of breast cancer; however, this association varies considerably by clinicopathologic features, and the underlying mechanisms are complex. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Pubmed literature search using combinations of "obesity," "breast cancer risk," "diet," "exercise," "weight gain," "weight loss," "adipose tissue inflammation," "crown-like structure," "immune markers," "metformin," "gliflozins," "SGLT-2i," "GLP1-RA," and related terms. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Elevated body mass index and weight gain are associated with increased risk of postmenopausal, hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. Emerging evidence suggests that adverse measures of body composition in individuals of any weight can also confer increased breast cancer risk. Mechanistically, various factors including altered adipokine balance, dysfunctional adipose tissue, dysregulated insulin signaling, and chronic inflammation contribute to tumorigenesis. Weight loss and more specifically fat mass loss through lifestyle and pharmacologic interventions improve serum metabolic and inflammatory markers, sex hormone levels, and measures of breast density, suggesting a link to decreased breast cancer risk. CONCLUSION Incorporating markers of metabolic health and body composition measures with body mass index can capture breast cancer risk more comprehensively. Further studies of interventions targeting body fat levels are needed to curb the growing prevalence of obesity-related cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sherry Shen
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Neil M Iyengar
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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11
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Ebrahimi Mousavi S, Bagheri A, Benisi-Kohansal S, Azadbakht L, Esmaillzadeh A. Consumption of “Diabetes Risk Reduction Diet” and Odds of Breast Cancer Among Women in a Middle Eastern Country. Front Nutr 2022; 9:744500. [PMID: 35464024 PMCID: PMC9033265 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.744500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:Given the role of insulin resistance in several cancers, we hypothesized that consumption of a diet that reduces insulin resistance might lower the risk of breast cancer.ObjectiveThe present study was designed to assess the association between consumption of “diabetes risk reduction diet” (DRRD) and odds of breast cancer among a large group of women in a Middle Eastern country.MethodsThis population-based case-control study enrolled 350 newly diagnosed cases of stage I-IV breast cancer and 700 age-matched apparently healthy individuals as controls. We collected dietary data via a validated 106-item Willett-format semi-quantitative dish-based food frequency questionnaire. A DRRD score was included based on 9 dietary factors (cereal fiber, coffee, nuts, whole fruits, ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated, trans fat, sugar-sweetened beverages, red and processed meat, and lower glycemic index). For food and nutrient items with a protective association with diabetes in earlier studies, participants were given the score as the quintile of that food item, but for food groups with unfavorable association with diabetes, we did vice versa. Total DRRD score ranged from 5 to 45.ResultsMean age of cases and controls was 65.28 and 61.04 years. Mean BMI of patients with breast cancer and controls was 25.5 and 21.0. We found that individuals with the greatest adherence to the DRRD were 0.41 times less likely to have breast cancer than those with the lowest adherence (OR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.38, 0.90, and P-trend = 0.002). Stratified analysis by menopausal status indicated a significant inverse relationship in postmenopausal women (OR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.36–0.90), but not in premenopausal women (OR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.19–2.96). Moreover, by BMI status, we found statistically significant inverse association between adherence to the DRRD and odds of breast cancer among normal-weight women (OR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.36, 0.98) but not in overweight women (OR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.31, 1.40). Conclusions: Significant inverse associations were found between adherence to DRRD and breast cancer, especially among postmenopausal and normal-weight women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ebrahimi Mousavi
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Bagheri
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanaz Benisi-Kohansal
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Azadbakht
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- *Correspondence: Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
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12
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Renal Cell Cancer and Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063404. [PMID: 35328822 PMCID: PMC8951303 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancers are a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality. There are many risk factors for tumours, including advanced age, personal or family history of cancer, some types of viral infections, exposure to radiation and some chemicals, smoking and alcohol consumption, as well as obesity. Increasing evidence suggest the role of obesity in the initiation and progression of various cancers, including renal cell carcinoma. Since tumours require energy for their uncontrollable growth, it appears plausible that their initiation and development is associated with the dysregulation of cells metabolism. Thus, any state characterised by an intake of excessive energy and nutrients may favour the development of various cancers. There are many factors that promote the development of renal cell carcinoma, including hypoxia, inflammation, insulin resistance, excessive adipose tissue and adipokines and others. There are also many obesity-related alterations in genes expression, including DNA methylation, single nucleotide polymorphisms, histone modification and miRNAs that can promote renal carcinogenesis. This review focuses on the impact of obesity on the risk of renal cancers development, their aggressiveness and patients’ survival.
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13
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The role of leptin and low testosterone in obesity. Int J Impot Res 2022; 34:704-713. [DOI: 10.1038/s41443-022-00534-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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14
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Lizcano F. Roles of estrogens, estrogen-like compounds, and endocrine disruptors in adipocytes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:921504. [PMID: 36213285 PMCID: PMC9533025 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.921504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Women are subject to constitutional changes after menopause, which increases conditions and diseases prone to cardiovascular risks such as obesity and diabetes mellitus. Both estrogens and androgens influence the individual's metabolic mechanism, which controls the fat distribution and the hypothalamic organization of the regulatory centers of hunger and satiety. While androgens tend to accumulate fat in the splanchnic and the visceral region with an increase in cardiovascular risk, estrogens generate more subcutaneous and extremity distribution of adipose tissue. The absence of estrogen during menopause seems to be the main factor that gives rise to the greater predisposition of women to suffer cardiovascular alterations. However, the mechanisms by which estrogens regulate the energy condition of people are not recognized. Estrogens have several mechanisms of action, which mainly include the modification of specific receptors that belong to the steroid receptor superfamily. The alpha estrogen receptors (ERα) and the beta receptors (ERβ) have a fundamental role in the metabolic control of the individual, with a very characteristic corporal distribution that exerts an influence on the metabolism of lipids and glucose. Despite the significant amount of knowledge in this field, many of the regulatory mechanisms exerted by estrogens and ER continue to be clarified. This review will discuss the role of estrogens and their receptors on the central regulation of caloric expenditure and the influence they exert on the differentiation and function of adipocytes. Furthermore, chemical substances with a hormonal activity that cause endocrine disruption with affectation on estrogen receptors will be considered. Finally, the different medical therapies for the vasomotor manifestations of menopause and their role in reducing obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular risk will be analyzed.
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15
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Zuo Q, Band S, Kesavadas M, Madak Erdogan Z. Obesity and Postmenopausal Hormone Receptor-positive Breast Cancer: Epidemiology and Mechanisms. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6370080. [PMID: 34519778 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a potential risk for several cancers, including postmenopausal, hormone dependent breast cancers. In this review, we summarize recent studies on the impact of obesity on postmenopausal women's health and discuss several mechanisms that were proposed to increase the risk of breast carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianying Zuo
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Shoham Band
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Mrinali Kesavadas
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Zeynep Madak Erdogan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, Carle Illinois, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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16
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Williamson M, Moustaid-Moussa N, Gollahon L. The Molecular Effects of Dietary Acid Load on Metabolic Disease (The Cellular PasaDoble: The Fast-Paced Dance of pH Regulation). FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE 2021; 1:777088. [PMID: 39087082 PMCID: PMC11285710 DOI: 10.3389/fmmed.2021.777088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic diseases are becoming more common and more severe in populations adhering to western lifestyle. Since metabolic conditions are highly diet and lifestyle dependent, it is suggested that certain diets are the cause for a wide range of metabolic dysfunctions. Oxidative stress, excess calcium excretion, inflammation, and metabolic acidosis are common features in the origins of most metabolic disease. These primary manifestations of "metabolic syndrome" can lead to insulin resistance, diabetes, obesity, and hypertension. Further complications of the conditions involve kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and cancers. Dietary analysis shows that a modern "Western-style" diet may facilitate a disruption in pH homeostasis and drive disease progression through high consumption of exogenous acids. Because so many physiological and cellular functions rely on acid-base reactions and pH equilibrium, prolonged exposure of the body to more acids than can effectively be buffered, by chronic adherence to poor diet, may result in metabolic stress followed by disease. This review addresses relevant molecular pathways in mammalian cells discovered to be sensitive to acid - base equilibria, their cellular effects, and how they can cascade into an organism-level manifestation of Metabolic Syndromes. We will also discuss potential ways to help mitigate this digestive disruption of pH and metabolic homeostasis through dietary change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Williamson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
- Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Lauren Gollahon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
- Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
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17
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Liu W, Chakraborty B, Safi R, Kazmin D, Chang CY, McDonnell DP. Dysregulated cholesterol homeostasis results in resistance to ferroptosis increasing tumorigenicity and metastasis in cancer. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5103. [PMID: 34429409 PMCID: PMC8385107 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25354-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia and dyslipidemia are associated with an increased risk for many cancer types and with poor outcomes in patients with established disease. Whereas the mechanisms by which this occurs are multifactorial we determine that chronic exposure of cells to 27-hydroxycholesterol (27HC), an abundant circulating cholesterol metabolite, selects for cells that exhibit increased cellular uptake and/or lipid biosynthesis. These cells exhibit substantially increased tumorigenic and metastatic capacity. Notably, the metabolic stress imposed upon cells by the accumulated lipids requires sustained expression of GPX4, a negative regulator of ferroptotic cell death. We show that resistance to ferroptosis is a feature of metastatic cells and further demonstrate that GPX4 knockdown attenuates the enhanced tumorigenic and metastatic activity of 27HC resistant cells. These findings highlight the general importance of ferroptosis in tumor growth and metastasis and suggest that dyslipidemia/hypercholesterolemia impacts cancer pathogenesis by selecting for cells that are resistant to ferroptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Binita Chakraborty
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Rachid Safi
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Dmitri Kazmin
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Ching-Yi Chang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Donald P McDonnell
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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18
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Crudele L, Piccinin E, Moschetta A. Visceral Adiposity and Cancer: Role in Pathogenesis and Prognosis. Nutrients 2021; 13:2101. [PMID: 34205356 PMCID: PMC8234141 DOI: 10.3390/nu13062101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of being overweight and obese has been expanded dramatically in recent years worldwide. Obesity usually occurs when the energetic introit overtakes energy expenditure from metabolic and physical activity, leading to fat accumulation mainly in the visceral depots. Excessive fat accumulation represents a risk factor for many chronic diseases, including cancer. Adiposity, chronic low-grade inflammation, and hyperinsulinemia are essential factors of obesity that also play a crucial role in tumor onset. In recent years, several strategies have been pointed toward boundary fat accumulation, thus limiting the burden of cancer attributable to obesity. While remodeling fat via adipocytes browning seems a tempting prospect, lifestyle interventions still represent the main pathway to prevent cancer and enhance the efficacy of treatments. Specifically, the Mediterranean Diet stands out as one of the best dietary approaches to curtail visceral adiposity and, therefore, cancer risk. In this Review, the close relationship between obesity and cancer has been investigated, highlighting the biological mechanisms at the basis of this link. Finally, strategies to remodel fat, including browning and lifestyle interventions, have been taken into consideration as a major perspective to limit excess body weight and tumor onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucilla Crudele
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.C.); (E.P.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Elena Piccinin
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.C.); (E.P.)
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Moschetta
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.C.); (E.P.)
- INBB, National Institute for Biostructures and Biosystems, 00136 Rome, Italy
- National Cancer Center, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, 70124 Bari, Italy
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19
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ZARE MOAIEDI M, AHMADPOOR F, RASHIDI M, AHMADZADEH A, SALMASI AA, MOHAMMADZADEH G. The association between mRNA expression of resistin, TNF- α, IL-6, IL-8, and ER-α in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and breast cancer. Turk J Med Sci 2021; 51:1345-1353. [PMID: 33517609 PMCID: PMC8283432 DOI: 10.3906/sag-2008-292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipocytokines, adipose tissue-derived proteins, were demonstrated to be involved in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. We assessed the mRNA expression of resistin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukins 6 and 8 (IL-6, and IL-8), and estrogen receptor alpha (ER-α) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of women with and without breast cancer. METHODS The PBMCs were isolated from the whole blood of 32 women with breast cancer and 18 women without breast cancer using density gradient centrifugation. The mRNA expression of the target genes was measured by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Body mass index was calculated, additionally, clinicopathological characteristics of the breast cancer patients were determined by histopathological examination. RESULTS The mRNA expression of resistin (3.5-fold) and IL-6 (15-fold) in PBMCs of breast cancer patients significantly increased in comparison to healthy controls. Resistin expression was significantly associated with inflammatory markers including TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, but not with anthropometric indices. Logistic regression analysis revealed the studied adipokines were not associated with breast cancer. Based on the ROC curve analysis the diagnostic performance of IL-6 was significant (0.825, 95% CI: 0.549-0.94, p = 0.030), thus, it might be considered as a breast cancer biomarker that reflecting an early and inflammatory stage of the disease. DISCUSSION Breast cancer is not associated with increased expression of inflammatory cytokines in PBMCs. Our results suggested that a PBMC-based gene expression test may be developed to detect breast cancer early.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maasoumeh ZARE MOAIEDI
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, AhvazIran
| | - Fatemeh AHMADPOOR
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, AhvazIran
| | - Mojtaba RASHIDI
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, AhvazIran
| | - Ahmad AHMADZADEH
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Firoozgar Clinical Research Development Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, TehranIran
| | - Amir Ahmad SALMASI
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, AhvazIran
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, AhvazIran
| | - Ghorban MOHAMMADZADEH
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Hyperlipidemia Research center, AhvazIran
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20
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Lin YC, Cheng HH, Chen SC, Shen WC, Huang YT. Pre-treatment high body mass index is associated with poor survival in Asian premenopausal women with localized breast cancer. J Cancer 2021; 12:4488-4496. [PMID: 34149912 PMCID: PMC8210548 DOI: 10.7150/jca.59133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Obesity is associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of obesity measured by body mass index (BMI) on survival of Taiwanese breast cancer patients in a single institution. Methods: We observed 5000 patients who were diagnosed with stage I-III breast cancer between 1990 and 2005. Information on BMI at diagnosis, and clinical follow-up for disease recurrence and death, up to 20 years post-diagnosis were available. BMI (in kg/m2) categories included normal weight (BMI<24), overweight (24≤BMI<27), and obesity (BMI≥27), according to recommendations from the Bureau of Health Promotion of Taiwan. The role of BMI and other known prognostic factors for patient survival were evaluated in this patient cohort. Results: Obesity was associated with advanced stage, higher nuclear grade, and higher percentages of estrogen receptor (ER) positive. The median age of patients with a higher BMI was greater than the median age of patients with a lower BMI. Obesity was an independent prognostic factor of overall survival (OS) (P<0.001), but not disease-free survival (DFS) (P=0.067). We subsequently analyzed the impact of age-stratified BMI (age<50 and age≥50 years) to ameliorate the impact of age bias. Following subset analyses, obesity correlated with shorter DFS (P=0.004) and OS (P=0.009) only in women<50 years of age. Multivariate analysis revealed that BMI was an independent prognostic factor for both DFS and OS in this group of patients. Subset analysis revealed that in women <50 years old, the impact of BMI on survival was associated with higher stage, ER negativity. Conclusion: BMI is an independent prognostic factor of OS and DFS in breast cancer patients aged<50 years. Although the cause-effect relationship between obesity and survival is unclear, we recommend that weight control measures in young breast cancer survivors should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chang Lin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | | | - Shin-Cheh Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chi Shen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Huang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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de Miranda FS, Guimarães JPT, Menikdiwela KR, Mabry B, Dhakal R, Rahman RL, Moussa H, Moustaid-Moussa N. Breast cancer and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS): Therapeutic approaches and related metabolic diseases. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 528:111245. [PMID: 33753205 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) is classically recognized for regulating blood pressure and fluid balance. Recently, this role has extended to other areas including inflammation, obesity, diabetes, as well as breast cancer. RAS components are expressed in normal and cancerous breast tissues, and downregulation of RAS inhibits metastasis, proliferation, angiogenesis, and desmoplasia in the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, RAS inhibitors (Angiotensin receptor blockers, ARBs, or angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, ACE-I) may be beneficial as preventive adjuvant therapies to thwart breast cancer development and improve outcomes, respectively. Given the beneficial effects of RAS inhibitors in metabolic diseases, which often co-exist in breast cancer patients, combining RAS inhibitors with other breast cancer therapies may enhance the effectiveness of current treatments. This review scrutinizes above associations, to advance our understanding of the role of RAS in breast cancer and its potential for repurposing of RAS inhibitors to improve the therapeutic approach for breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Sardela de Miranda
- Laboratory of Nutrigenomics, Inflammation and Obesity Research, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University (TTU), Lubbock, TX, USA; Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - João Pedro Tôrres Guimarães
- Laboratory of Nutrigenomics, Inflammation and Obesity Research, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University (TTU), Lubbock, TX, USA; Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA; Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo (ICB/USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo (FCF/USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Kalhara R Menikdiwela
- Laboratory of Nutrigenomics, Inflammation and Obesity Research, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University (TTU), Lubbock, TX, USA; Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Brennan Mabry
- Laboratory of Nutrigenomics, Inflammation and Obesity Research, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University (TTU), Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Rabin Dhakal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University (TTU), Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Rakhshanda Layeequr Rahman
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Hanna Moussa
- Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University (TTU), Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Laboratory of Nutrigenomics, Inflammation and Obesity Research, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University (TTU), Lubbock, TX, USA; Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.
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22
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Kim JY, Kim G, Lim SC, Choi HS. IL-33-Induced Transcriptional Activation of LPIN1 Accelerates Breast Tumorigenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092174. [PMID: 33946554 PMCID: PMC8124251 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phospholipids are crucial materials that are not only required for cell membrane construction but also play significant roles as signaling molecules. LPIN1 is an enzyme that displays phosphatidate phosphatase activity in the triglyceride and phospholipid synthesis pathway. Recent studies have shown that overexpression of LPIN1 is involved in breast tumorigenesis, but the underlying mechanism regulating LPIN1 expression has not been elucidated yet. In the present study, we showed that the IL-33-induced COT-JNK1/2 signaling pathway regulates LPIN1 mRNA and protein expression by recruiting c-Jun to the LPIN1 promoter in breast cancer cells. IL-33 dose-dependently and time-dependently increased LPIN1 mRNA and protein expression. Moreover, IL-33 promoted colony formation and mammary tumorigenesis via induction of LPIN1 expression, while inhibition of LPIN1 disturbed IL-33-induced cell proliferation and mammary tumorigenesis. IL-33-driven LPIN1 expression was mediated by the COT-JNK1/2 signaling pathway, and inhibition of COT or JNK1/2 reduced LPIN1 expression. COT-JNK1/2-mediated IL-33 signaling activated c-Jun and promoted its binding to the promoter region of LPIN1 to induce LPIN1 expression. These findings demonstrated the regulatory mechanism of LPIN1 transcription by the IL-33-induced COT/JNK1/2 pathway for the first time, providing a potential mechanism underlying the upregulation of LPIN1 in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (J.-Y.K.); (G.K.)
| | - Garam Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (J.-Y.K.); (G.K.)
| | - Sung-Chul Lim
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea;
| | - Hong-Seok Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (J.-Y.K.); (G.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Fax: +82-62-222-5414
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IL-33-Induced Transcriptional Activation of LPIN1 Accelerates Breast Tumorigenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2021. [PMID: 33946554 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092174.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipids are crucial materials that are not only required for cell membrane construction but also play significant roles as signaling molecules. LPIN1 is an enzyme that displays phosphatidate phosphatase activity in the triglyceride and phospholipid synthesis pathway. Recent studies have shown that overexpression of LPIN1 is involved in breast tumorigenesis, but the underlying mechanism regulating LPIN1 expression has not been elucidated yet. In the present study, we showed that the IL-33-induced COT-JNK1/2 signaling pathway regulates LPIN1 mRNA and protein expression by recruiting c-Jun to the LPIN1 promoter in breast cancer cells. IL-33 dose-dependently and time-dependently increased LPIN1 mRNA and protein expression. Moreover, IL-33 promoted colony formation and mammary tumorigenesis via induction of LPIN1 expression, while inhibition of LPIN1 disturbed IL-33-induced cell proliferation and mammary tumorigenesis. IL-33-driven LPIN1 expression was mediated by the COT-JNK1/2 signaling pathway, and inhibition of COT or JNK1/2 reduced LPIN1 expression. COT-JNK1/2-mediated IL-33 signaling activated c-Jun and promoted its binding to the promoter region of LPIN1 to induce LPIN1 expression. These findings demonstrated the regulatory mechanism of LPIN1 transcription by the IL-33-induced COT/JNK1/2 pathway for the first time, providing a potential mechanism underlying the upregulation of LPIN1 in cancer.
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Ling L, Mulligan JA, Ouyang Y, Shimpi AA, Williams RM, Beeghly GF, Hopkins BD, Spector JA, Adie SG, Fischbach C. Obesity-associated Adipose Stromal Cells Promote Breast Cancer Invasion Through Direct Cell Contact and ECM Remodeling. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2020; 30:1910650. [PMID: 33692663 PMCID: PMC7939099 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201910650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Obesity increases the risk and worsens the prognosis for breast cancer due, in part, to altered adipose stromal cell (ASC) behavior. Whether ASCs from obese individuals increase migration of breast cancer cells relative to their lean counterparts, however, remains unclear. To test this connection, multicellular spheroids composed of MCF10A-derived tumor cell lines of varying malignant potential and lean or obese ASCs were embedded into collagen scaffolds mimicking the elastic moduli of interstitial breast adipose tissue. Confocal image analysis suggests that tumor cells alone migrate insignificantly under these conditions. However, direct cell-cell contact with either lean or obese ASCs enables them to migrate collectively, whereby obese ASCs activate tumor cell migration more effectively than their lean counterparts. Time-resolved optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging suggests that obese ASCs facilitate tumor cell migration by mediating contraction of local collagen fibers. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-dependent proteolytic activity significantly contributes to ASC-mediated tumor cell invasion and collagen deformation. However, ASC contractility is also important, as co-inhibition of both MMPs and contractility is necessary to completely abrogate ASC-mediated tumor cell migration. These findings imply that obesity-mediated changes of ASC phenotype may impact tumor cell migration and invasion with potential implications for breast cancer malignancy in obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ling
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Mulligan
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Yunxin Ouyang
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Adrian A. Shimpi
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | | | - Garrett F. Beeghly
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Benjamin D. Hopkins
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jason A. Spector
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Steven G. Adie
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Claudia Fischbach
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Li M, Song L, Yuan J, Zhang D, Zhang C, Liu Y, Lin Q, Wang H, Su K, Li Y, Ma Z, Liu D, Dong J. Association Between Serum Insulin and C-Peptide Levels and Breast Cancer: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol 2020; 10:553332. [PMID: 33194614 PMCID: PMC7658676 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.553332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Several studies have reported that hyperinsulinemia plays a part in the etiology of breast cancer. However, no consensus has been reached. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to explore the role of insulin and C-peptide in breast cancer. Methods A systematic search in PubMed, Embase, and The Cochrane Library was conducted up to September, 2020. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to measure effect sizes. Publication bias was assessed using the Egger test. Stability of these results was evaluated using sensitivity analyses. Results Fourteen articles including 27,084 cases and five articles including 2,513 cases were extracted for serum insulin levels and C-peptide levels. We found that C-peptide levels were positively associated with breast cancer with overall SMD = 0.37 (95% CI = 0.09–0.65, I2 = 89.1%). Subgroup analysis by control source illustrated a positive relationship between breast cancer and C-peptide levels in population-based control. Subgroup analysis by C-peptide level indicated a positive correlation between breast cancer and C-peptide levels no matter C-peptide levels in case group is ≤3 ng/ml or >3 ng/ml. Subgroup analysis by age showed that C-peptide level positively correlated to breast cancer in women between the ages of 50 and 60. However, we did not identify any relationship between breast cancer and insulin levels (SMD = 0.22, 95% CI = −0.06–0.50, I2 = 97.3%). Conclusion This meta-analysis demonstrated that C-peptide levels were positively related to breast cancer in women, and no relationship between insulin levels and breast cancer was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manwen Li
- Special Medicine Department, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Limin Song
- Special Medicine Department, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Junhua Yuan
- Special Medicine Department, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Special Medicine Department, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Caishun Zhang
- Special Medicine Department, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Special Medicine Department, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qian Lin
- Special Medicine Department, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Haidan Wang
- Special Medicine Department, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Kaizhen Su
- Clinical Medicine Department, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanrun Li
- Clinical Medicine Department, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhengye Ma
- Clinical Medicine Department, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Defeng Liu
- Clinical Medicine Department, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Dong
- Special Medicine Department, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Physiology Department, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Iwata S, Hagiwara A, Harima Y. Thoracoscopic radical surgery for a morbidly obese patient with early lung cancer after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: a case report. Surg Case Rep 2020; 6:189. [PMID: 32737617 PMCID: PMC7394969 DOI: 10.1186/s40792-020-00950-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We experienced a case of early stage lung cancer involving a morbidly obese patient. Obesity is associated with a higher incidence of surgical complications. We examined the effectiveness of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy as a primary weight loss procedure in a morbidly obese patient who required oncological surgery. Case presentation A 64-year-old morbidly obese female with a body mass index of 43.5 kg/m2 was referred to our hospital to undergo weight loss. A right-sided lung mass was found incidentally on computed tomography conducted in preparation for laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, which was performed prior to tumor surgery. As a result, weight loss was achieved within 2.5 months after the laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, and the patient’s type-2 diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, which are linked to obesity, were markedly ameliorated. After a quick intraoperative pathological inspection revealed that the tumor was malignant, thoracoscopic right lung superior lobe resection was performed safely. Conclusions Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy proved to be a powerful approach in a case in which a morbidly obese patient with early stage cancer needed to lose weight rapidly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Iwata
- Department of Surgery, Takeda General Hospital, 28-1 Ishida, Moriminami-cho, Hushimi-ku, Kyoto, 601-1495, Japan. .,Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara, Miyakodani, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, 610-0394, Japan.
| | - Akeo Hagiwara
- Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara, Miyakodani, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, 610-0394, Japan
| | - Yutaka Harima
- Department of Surgery, Takeda General Hospital, 28-1 Ishida, Moriminami-cho, Hushimi-ku, Kyoto, 601-1495, Japan
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The risk of developing breast, ovarian, and endometrial cancer in obese women submitted to bariatric surgery: a meta-analysis. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2020; 16:1596-1602. [PMID: 32690459 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2020.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This article performs a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the impact of bariatric surgery and the risk of developing breast, ovarian, and endometrial cancer in obese women. MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, and Cochrane databases were searched from inception until January 2019 to retrieve studies that assessed the risk of breast, ovarian, or endometrial cancer in obese women submitted to bariatric surgery. There was no language restriction. We extracted and combined data from studies to assess the risk ratio (RR) of developing these neoplasms. A random-effects meta-analytic model was applied in all calculations. The New Castle Ottawa and GRADE were used to assess quality of the included studies and certainty of the evidence, respectively. This study is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42019112927). We found 188 articles and 7 of those were included in our meta-analysis, which incorporated a total of 150,537 patients in the bariatric surgery arm and 1,461,938 women in the control arm. The total RR of breast, ovarian, and endometrial cancer was .41 (95% confidence interval [CI]: .31-.56]; I2 = 90%; 7 studies). The risk of breast cancer was reduced by 49% (RR: .51; 95%CI: .31-.83]; I2 = 92%; 6 studies). The risk of ovarian cancer was reduced by 53% (RR: .47; 95%CI: .27-81; I2 = 0%; 3 studies). The risk of endometrial cancer was reduced by 67% (RR: .33; 95%CI: .21-.51; I2 = 88%; 7 studies). Bariatric surgery may have a protective effect reducing the risk of breast, ovarian, and endometrial cancer in obese women. The high heterogeneity and other issues justify the need for further studies to deepen our knowledge.
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Rasmy A, Sorour Y. Effect of Obesity on Neoadjuvant Systemic Therapy Outcomes in Patients with Early Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Institutional Study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:683-691. [PMID: 32212794 PMCID: PMC7437318 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.3.683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and overweight are usually considered as poor prognostic factors in early breast cancer. Body mass index (BMI) is a significant predictive factor for lower pathologic complete response (pCR) rates after neo-adjuvant systemic therapy (NST). The relationship between obesity and breast cancer prognosis varies according to patient and tumor characteristics such as menopausal status and tumor subtype, respectively. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between March 2010 and October 2013, 80 patients with early breast cancer who had received standard NST from KFSH Saudi Arabia were included in this study. For statistical analysis, the study participants were categorized into two groups based on their BMI, as normal (BMI < 25 kg/m2) and obese groups (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2). pCR was defined as non-invasive cancer in the breast/axillary tissue. RESULTS The median age of our patients was 48 (range, 38-68) years. Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) subtype was identified in 93.8% of the cases. Additionally, 26 (32.5%) and 33 (41.25%) patients were diagnosed with stage II and stage IIIA breast cancer, respectively. Lymphovascular invasion was detected in 32.5%, whereas intermediate and high-grade malignancy were found in 61.25% and 32.5% of the patients, respectively. Forty-four patients (55%) were obese. pCR was achieved in 56 patients (70%), and the comparison between patients with and without pCR revealed that those in the former group had significantly lower tumor grades. Significantly, lower relapse and mortality rates were distinguished in patients who achieved pCR than in those who did not. Additionally, comparison between normal and obese patients revealed that a high number of patients in both groups were post-menopausal (p = 0.001). However, survival analysis indicated the absence of significant differences in disease-free survival between the two groups based on BMI (p = 0.19). Conversely, patients with normal BMI had significantly better overall survival than obese patients (p = 0.029), with a higher mortality rate noted in the obese group (16.7% vs 2.3%, p = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS In the present study, 58.3% of patients that failed to achieve pCR had BMI above the normal level; they moreover had higher relapse rates and lower survival compared with normal BMI patients. This finding needs to be verified through further prospective studies to determine if BMI is a risk factor for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Rasmy
- Medical Oncology, Zagazig University, Zagazig,
- Department of Radiotherapy, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt,
- Medical Oncology, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh,
| | - Yasser Sorour
- Department of Adult Oncology, Oncology Center, King Fahd Specialist Hospital, Saudi Arabia.
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Breast-Associated Adipocytes Secretome Induce Fatty Acid Uptake and Invasiveness in Breast Cancer Cells via CD36 Independently of Body Mass Index, Menopausal Status and Mammary Density. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11122012. [PMID: 31847105 PMCID: PMC6966437 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11122012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast adiposity is correlated with body mass index, menopausal status and mammary density. We here wish to establish how these factors influence the cross-talk between breast adipocytes and normal or malignant breast cells. Adipocyte-derived stem cells (ASCs) were obtained from healthy women and classified into six distinct groups based on body mass index, menopausal status and mammary density. The ASCs were induced to differentiate, and the influence of their conditioned media (ACM) was determined. Unexpectedly, there were no detectable differences in adipogenic differentiation and secretion between the six ASC groups, while their corresponding ACMs had no detectable influence on normal breast cells. In clear contrast, all ACMs profoundly influenced the proliferation, migration and invasiveness of malignant breast cells and increased the number of lipid droplets in their cytoplasm via increased expression of the fatty acid receptor CD36, thereby increasing fatty acid uptake. Importantly, inhibition of CD36 reduced lipid droplet accumulation and attenuated the migration and invasion of the breast cancer cells. These findings suggest that breast-associated adipocytes potentiate the invasiveness of breast cancer cells which, at least in part, is mediated by metabolic reprogramming via CD36-mediated fatty acid uptake.
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Loo LWM, Nishibun K, Welsh L, Makolo T, Chong CD, Pagano I, Yu H, Bantum EO. Using a cultural dance program to increase sustainable physical activity for breast cancer survivors-A pilot study. Complement Ther Med 2019; 47:102197. [PMID: 31780003 PMCID: PMC6905195 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2019.102197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown that physical activity can reduce the risk of mortality for female breast cancer patients and improve quality of life, reduce weight, and alter circulating biomarker levels. We conducted a pilot trial to determine the feasibility of increasing physical activity through a cultural dance intervention to achieve similar benefits. METHODS Conducted a pilot trial implementing a cultural dance intervention to increase and sustain physical activity for breast cancer survivors, which consisted of a six-month group-based intervention of Hula Dance. Anthropometric measures, fasting blood draws, and self-reported questionnaires to assess physical activity, mood, and quality of life, were completed at baseline, at the end of the 6-month intervention (time point month-6), and at two additional post-intervention time points (month-12 and month-24) to assess sustainability. RESULTS A total of 11 women with a median age of 63 years were enrolled in the intervention trial. Eight of the 11 (73%) completed the trial to month-12 and demonstrated an overall significant increase in weekly moderate exercise. There were no significant changes in intra-individual body mass index (BMI). However, there was a sustained post-intervention reduction in waist circumference and significant changes in circulating biomarker levels. For the self-reported measures, there was a significant increase in vigor/activity (p < 0.001; Profile of Mood States-Short Form). CONCLUSION Our intervention pilot trial demonstrated that a cultural dance program could achieve a sustainable increase in physical activity for breast cancer survivors, with potential to improve quality of life, increase vigor, and decrease levels of circulating cytokines associated with obesity and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenora W M Loo
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, United States.
| | - Kryslin Nishibun
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, United States
| | - Leslie Welsh
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, United States
| | - TeMoana Makolo
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, United States
| | - Clayton D Chong
- The Queen's Medical Center, Queen's Cancer Center, 1301 Punchbowl Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, United States
| | - Ian Pagano
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, United States
| | - Herbert Yu
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, United States
| | - Erin O Bantum
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, United States
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Ahmed OT, Allen AM. Extrahepatic Malignancies in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. CURRENT HEPATOLOGY REPORTS 2019; 18:455-472. [PMID: 36397965 PMCID: PMC9668075 DOI: 10.1007/s11901-019-00499-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Malignancy is the second most common cause of death in individuals with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Understanding unique characteristics of malignancy risk beyond hepatocellular carcinoma in NAFLD has significant implications in counseling and personalized preventative measures in this high-risk population. Herein, we systematically review the literature reporting extra-hepatic malignancies in NAFLD and discuss the key biological mechanisms underpinning the association between excess adiposity and cancer risk. RECENT FINDINGS Several studies have shown significant associations between NAFLD and extrahepatic malignancies. The strongest association was found with cancers of the gastrointestinal tract and hormone-sensitive cancers. Recent data support sex-specific differences in cancer risk increase in NAFLD: colorectal cancer in men and uterine cancer in women. The risk of cancer development is higher in NAFLD than obesity alone. SUMMARY A growing body of observational evidence over the last decade supports the association between NAFLD and extrahepatic malignancies. This association requires further studies, ideally designed to include more detailed measures of body fat deposition beyond BMI in well-characterized, large cohorts of NAFLD patients, to determine if screening policies should be individualized in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar T. Ahmed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Alina M. Allen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Chu DT, Phuong TNT, Tien NLB, Tran DK, Nguyen TT, Thanh VV, Quang TL, Minh LB, Pham VH, Ngoc VTN, Kushekhar K, Chu-Dinh T. The Effects of Adipocytes on the Regulation of Breast Cancer in the Tumor Microenvironment: An Update. Cells 2019; 8:E857. [PMID: 31398937 PMCID: PMC6721665 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global pandemic and it is well evident that obesity is associated with the development of many disorders including many cancer types. Breast cancer is one of that associated with a high mortality rate. Adipocytes, a major cellular component in adipose tissue, are dysfunctional during obesity and also known to promote breast cancer development both in vitro and in vivo. Dysfunctional adipocytes can release metabolic substrates, adipokines, and cytokines, which promote proliferation, progression, invasion, and migration of breast cancer cells. The secretion of adipocytes can alter gene expression profile, induce inflammation and hypoxia, as well as inhibit apoptosis. It is known that excessive free fatty acids, cholesterol, triglycerides, hormones, leptin, interleukins, and chemokines upregulate breast cancer development. Interestingly, adiponectin is the only adipokine that has anti-tumor properties. Moreover, adipocytes are also related to chemotherapeutic resistance, resulting in the poorer outcome of treatment and advanced stages in breast cancer. Evaluation of the adipocyte secretion levels in the circulation can be useful for prognosis and evaluation of the effectiveness of cancer therapy in the patients. Therefore, understanding about functions of adipocytes as well as obesity in breast cancer may reveal novel targets that support the development of new anti-tumor therapy. In this systemic review, we summarize and update the effects of secreted factors by adipocytes on the regulation of breast cancer in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinh-Toi Chu
- Faculty of Biology, Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
- School of Odonto Stomatology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
- Former address: Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0349 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Thuy Nguyen Thi Phuong
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Nguyen Le Bao Tien
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Viet Duc Hospital, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Dang-Khoa Tran
- Department of Anatomy, University of Medicine Pham Ngoc Thach, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Tran-Thuy Nguyen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Cardiovascular Center, E Hospital, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam National University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Vo Van Thanh
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Viet Duc Hospital, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
- Department of Surgery, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Thuy Luu Quang
- Center for Anesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care, Viet Duc Hospital, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Le Bui Minh
- NTT Hi-tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 300A Nguyen Tat Thanh St., Ward 13, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Van Huy Pham
- AI Lab, Faculty of Information Technology, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
| | - Vo Truong Nhu Ngoc
- School of Odonto Stomatology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Kushi Kushekhar
- Institute of Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Thien Chu-Dinh
- Institute for Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Danang 550000, Vietnam.
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Chen H, Cook LS, Tang MTC, Hill DA, Wiggins CL, Li CI. Relationship between Diabetes and Diabetes Medications and Risk of Different Molecular Subtypes of Breast Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2019; 28:1802-1808. [PMID: 31395589 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-0291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type II diabetes and certain diabetes treatments have been observed to impact breast cancer risk. However, their associations with different breast cancer molecular subtype defined by estrogen receptor (ER)/progesterone receptor (PR)/HER2 status are unclear. METHODS We conducted a retrospective multi-center population-based case-case study consisting of 4,557 breast cancer cases to evaluate the impact of type II diabetes and diabetes medications on the risk of different breast cancer molecular subtypes [ER+/HER2-, ER+/HER2+, triple negative (ER-/PR-/HER2-), and HER2 overexpressing (H2E, ER-/PR-/HER2+)]. Using ER+/HER2- cases as the reference group, we estimated ORs and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each subtype using polytomous logistic regression. RESULTS Compared with those without a diabetes history, women with type II diabetes had a 38% (95% CI, 1.01-1.89) increased odds of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Current and longer term recent metformin use (13-24 months of treatment within the 24-month period prior to breast cancer diagnosis) was associated with elevated odds of TNBC (OR = 1.54; 95% CI, 1.07-2.22 and OR = 1.80; 95% CI, 1.13-2.85, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The odds of having a triple-negative rather than ER+/HER2- breast cancer is greater for women with type II diabetes, and particularly for those who were users of metformin. This finding is supported by some preclinical data suggesting that diabetes may be more strongly associated with risk of triple-negative disease. IMPACT Our study provides novel evidence regarding potential differential effects of type II diabetes and metformin use on risk of different molecular subtypes of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
| | - Linda S Cook
- Department of Internal Medicine and the University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Mei-Tzu C Tang
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Deirdre A Hill
- Department of Internal Medicine and the University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Charles L Wiggins
- Department of Internal Medicine and the University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Christopher I Li
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
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Verma S, Kaeley N, Ahmad S, Dhar M, Chhabra A. APRI score non-invasive marker of metabolic syndrome in breast carcinoma patients. CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GLOBAL HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Bhardwaj P, Au CC, Benito-Martin A, Ladumor H, Oshchepkova S, Moges R, Brown KA. Estrogens and breast cancer: Mechanisms involved in obesity-related development, growth and progression. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 189:161-170. [PMID: 30851382 PMCID: PMC6502693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer after menopause. The pro-proliferative effects of estrogens are well characterized and there is a growing body of evidence to also suggest an important role in tumorigenesis. Importantly, obesity not only increases the risk of breast cancer, but it also increases the risk of recurrence and cancer-associated death. Aromatase is the rate-limiting enzyme in estrogen biosynthesis and its expression in breast adipose stromal cells is hypothesized to drive the growth of breast tumors and confer resistance to endocrine therapy in obese postmenopausal women. The molecular regulation of aromatase has been characterized in response to many obesity-related molecules, including inflammatory mediators and adipokines. This review is aimed at providing an overview of our current knowledge in relation to the regulation of estrogens in adipose tissue and their role in driving breast tumor development, growth and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Bhardwaj
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA; Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - CheukMan C Au
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | | | - Heta Ladumor
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA; Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Ruth Moges
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Kristy A Brown
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA; Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA; Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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Amin MN, Hussain MS, Sarwar MS, Rahman Moghal MM, Das A, Hossain MZ, Chowdhury JA, Millat MS, Islam MS. How the association between obesity and inflammation may lead to insulin resistance and cancer. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:1213-1224. [PMID: 31336467 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Obesity is associated with metabolic dysfunction and over nutrition. Increased body mass index and obesity are strongly amalgamated with changes in the physiological function of adipose tissue, leading to altered secretion of adipocytokines, inflammatory mediators release as well as chronic inflammation and insulin resistance. The purposes of this study were to review the evidence of how obesity and inflammation may lead to insulin resistance and cancer. SUMMARY Recent findings suggested that increased level of inflammatory mediators in obesity, plays an introductory and cabalistic role in the development of different types of inflammatory disorders including type 2 diabetes mellitus. Link between elevated body mass index and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Several of the factors-such as increased levels of leptin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, decreased levels of adiponectin, insulin resistance, chronic inflammation etc. consequently result in carcinogenesis and carcinogenic progression too. CONCLUSION This review summarizes how cytokine production in adipose tissue of obese subject creates a chronic inflammatory environment that favors tumor cell motility and invasion to enhance the metastatic potential of tumor cells. High levels of cytokine in the circulation of affected individuals have been associated with a significantly worse outcome. This article also reconnoiters the mechanisms that link obesity to numerous disorders such as inflammation, diabetes, cancers and most specifically combine these processes in a single image. Understanding these mechanisms may assist to understand the consequences of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Nurul Amin
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh; Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology, Sonapur, Uttara, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Saddam Hussain
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shahid Sarwar
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mizanur Rahman Moghal
- Department of Pharmacy, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, 1902, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Abhijit Das
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Zahid Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1206, Bangladesh
| | - Jakir Ahmed Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shalahuddin Millat
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Safiqul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh.
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Kim MC, Park JG, Jang BI, Lee HJ, Lee WK. Liver fibrosis is associated with risk for colorectal adenoma in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e14139. [PMID: 30732129 PMCID: PMC6380844 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000014139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with risks for developing colorectal adenoma. This study aimed to evaluate the association between advanced fibrosis in NAFLD and the risk for colorectal adenoma.We retrospectively analyzed the data of 6332 adults who underwent abdominal ultrasound and 1st-time colonoscopy on the same day in a health screening program at a single center. We evaluated the presence of advanced fibrosis in NAFLD using various noninvasive score, which also analyzed the detection rate of colorectal adenoma according to the presence of advanced fibrosis in NAFLD.The subjects with NAFLD had a higher prevalence of colorectal adenoma. In the multivariate analysis, NAFLD was an independent risk factor for colorectal adenoma (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.15; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.30), advanced adenoma (adjusted OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.12-2.01), and multiple adenomas (adjusted OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.01-1.73). When NAFLD was further stratified based on the stage of fibrosis using the noninvasive score models, the subjects with NAFLD and advanced fibrosis had a significantly higher risk for colorectal adenoma, advanced adenoma, and multiple adenomas than those with NAFLD without advanced fibrosis.NAFLD with advanced fibrosis might be risk factor for colorectal adenoma compared with NAFLD without advanced fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Cheol Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine
| | - Jung Gil Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine
| | - Byung Ik Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine
| | - Heon Ju Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine
| | - Won Kee Lee
- Medical Research Collaboration Center in KNUH and School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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Xiao Y, Xia J, Li L, Ke Y, Cheng J, Xie Y, Chu W, Cheung P, Kim JH, Colditz GA, Tamimi RM, Su X. Associations between dietary patterns and the risk of breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Breast Cancer Res 2019; 21:16. [PMID: 30696460 PMCID: PMC6352362 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-019-1096-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic evidence suggests that certain dietary patterns were associated with breast cancer risk, but the results have been inconclusive. We assessed the associations between different dietary patterns and the risk of breast cancer by conducting a meta-analysis of observational studies. METHODS Relevant articles were searched in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane library databases through September 2017. Multivariable-adjusted relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) comparing the highest and lowest categories of Western and prudent dietary patterns were combined by using the random-effects meta-analyses. RESULTS We identified 32 eligible articles including 14 cohort and 18 case-control studies (34 Western and 35 prudent studies). The pooled analyses found that a Western dietary pattern was associated with a 14% increased risk (RR 1.14, 95% CI 1.02, 1.28), whereas a prudent dietary pattern was associated with an 18% reduced risk of breast cancer (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.75, 0.89). In addition, sub-group analyses showed that the positive association between a Western dietary pattern and breast cancer risk was significant among postmenopausal (RR 1.20, 95% CI 1.06, 1.35), but not premenopausal women (RR 1.18, 95% CI 0.99, 1.40), and significant for hormone receptor-positive tumors (RR 1.18, 95% CI 1.04, 1.33), but not receptor-negative tumors (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.83, 1.12). In contrast, the inverse association between a prudent dietary pattern and breast cancer was significant in premenopausal (RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.61, 0.98), but not postmenopausal women (RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.74, 1.03), and significant for both hormone receptor-positive and receptor-negative tumors. CONCLUSIONS The results of the current meta-analysis suggest a possible increased risk of breast cancer associated with a Western dietary pattern and a reduced risk with a prudent dietary pattern. Large-scale cohort studies with a high quality need to be conducted to further confirm the findings of the current meta-analysis. As dietary patterns are modifiable, these findings may provide viable strategies for breast cancer prevention through changes in dietary intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjun Xiao
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Junjie Xia
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Liping Li
- MPH Education Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuebin Ke
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinquan Cheng
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaojie Xie
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Winnie Chu
- Department of Imaging & Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Polly Cheung
- Hong Kong Breast Cancer Foundation, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jean Hee Kim
- School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Graham A Colditz
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center and Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Xuefen Su
- MPH Education Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
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Efficacy and safety of the combination of metformin, everolimus and exemestane in overweight and obese postmenopausal patients with metastatic, hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer: a phase II study. Invest New Drugs 2019; 37:345-351. [PMID: 30610588 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-018-0700-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Increased adiposity is thought to result in worse clinical outcomes in patients with breast cancer through increased estrogen production, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and activation of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Thus, we hypothesized that the addition of metformin to everolimus and exemestane, could lead to better outcomes in overweight and obese patients with metastatic, hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer. We conducted a phase II trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the combination of metformin, everolimus and exemestane in overweight and obese postmenopausal women with metastatic, hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer. Methods Twenty-two patients with a body mass index ≥25 kg/m2 were treated with metformin 1000 mg twice daily, everolimus 10 mg daily and exemestane 25 mg daily. Median progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results Median PFS and OS were 6.3 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.8-11.3 months) and 28.8 months (95% CI: 17.5-59.7 months), respectively. Five patients had a partial response and 7 had stable disease for ≥24 weeks yielding a clinical benefit rate of 54.5%. Compared with overweight patients, obese patients had an improved PFS on univariable (p = 0.015) but not multivariable analysis (p = 0.215). Thirty-two percent of patients experienced a grade 3 treatment-related adverse event (TRAE). There were no grade 4 TRAEs and 7 patients experienced a grade 3 TRAE. Conclusion The combination of metformin, everolimus and exemestane was safe and had moderate clinical benefit in overweight and obese with patients metastatic, hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer.
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Yedjou CG, Sims JN, Miele L, Noubissi F, Lowe L, Fonseca DD, Alo RA, Payton M, Tchounwou PB. Health and Racial Disparity in Breast Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1152:31-49. [PMID: 31456178 PMCID: PMC6941147 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-20301-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common noncutaneous malignancy and the second most lethal form of cancer among women in the United States. It currently affects more than one in ten women worldwide. The chance for a female to be diagnosed with breast cancer during her lifetime has significantly increased from 1 in 11 women in 1975 to 1 in 8 women (Altekruse, SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2007. National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, 2010). This chance for a female of being diagnosed with cancer generally increases with age (Howlader et al, SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2010. National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, 2013). Fortunately, the mortality rate from breast cancer has decreased in recent years due to increased emphasis on early detection and more effective treatments in the White population. Although the mortality rates have declined in some ethnic populations, the overall cancer incidence among African American and Hispanic population has continued to grow. The goal of the work presented in this book chapter is to highlight similarities and differences in breast cancer morbidity and mortality rates among non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic black populations. This book chapter also provides an overview of breast cancer, racial/ethnic disparities in breast cancer, breast cancer incidence and mortality rate linked to hereditary, major risk factors of breast cancer among minority population, breast cancer treatment, and health disparity. A considerable amount of breast cancer treatment research have been conducted, but with limited success for African Americans compared to other ethnic groups. Therefore, new strategies and approaches are needed to promote breast cancer prevention, improve survival rates, reduce breast cancer mortality, and ultimately improve the health outcomes of racial/ethnic minorities. In addition, it is vital that leaders and medical professionals from minority population groups be represented in decision-making in research so that racial disparity in breast cancer can be well-studied, fully addressed, and ultimately eliminated in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement G Yedjou
- Natural Chemotherapeutics Research Laboratory, NIH/NIMHD RCMI-Center for Environmental Health, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA.
| | - Jennifer N Sims
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Service, Jackson State University, Jackson Medical Mall - Thad Cochran Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Lucio Miele
- LSU Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, Department of Genetics, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Felicite Noubissi
- Natural Chemotherapeutics Research Laboratory, NIH/NIMHD RCMI-Center for Environmental Health, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Leroy Lowe
- Getting to Know Cancer (NGO), Truro, NS, Canada
| | - Duber D Fonseca
- Natural Chemotherapeutics Research Laboratory, NIH/NIMHD RCMI-Center for Environmental Health, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Richard A Alo
- Natural Chemotherapeutics Research Laboratory, NIH/NIMHD RCMI-Center for Environmental Health, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Marinelle Payton
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Service, Jackson State University, Jackson Medical Mall - Thad Cochran Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Paul B Tchounwou
- Natural Chemotherapeutics Research Laboratory, NIH/NIMHD RCMI-Center for Environmental Health, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA
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Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for all major gastrointestinal cancers. With the rapid increase in the prevalence of obesity worldwide, this link could lead to an elevated burden of cancers of the digestive system. Currently, three main mechanisms explaining the link between excess adiposity and gastrointestinal cancer risk are being considered, including altered insulin signaling, obesity-associated chronic low-grade inflammation, and altered sex hormone metabolism, although new potential mechanisms emerge. This review is aimed to present our current knowledge on biological mechanisms involved in adiposity-related gastrointestinal carcinogenesis supported by results collected in epidemiological studies.
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Mongan AM, Lynam-Lennon N, Doyle SL, Casey R, Carr E, Cannon A, Conroy MJ, Pidgeon GP, Brennan L, Lysaght J, Reynolds JV, O'Sullivan J. Visceral Adipose Tissue Modulates Radiosensitivity in Oesophageal Adenocarcinoma. Int J Med Sci 2019; 16:519-528. [PMID: 31171903 PMCID: PMC6535661 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.29296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) is an exemplar model of obesity-associated cancer. Response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NA CRT) is a clinical challenge. We examined if visceral adipose tissue and obesity status alter radiosensitivity in OAC. The radioresistant (OE33R) and radioresponsive (OE33P) OAC isogenic model was cultured with adipose tissue conditioned media from three patient cohorts: non-cancer patients, surgery only OAC patients and NA CRT OAC patients. Cell survival was characterised by clonogenic assay, metabolomic profiling by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and adipokine receptor gene expression by qPCR. A retrospective in vivo study compared tumour response to NA CRT in normal weight (n=53) versus overweight/obese patients (n=148). Adipose conditioned media (ACM) from all patient cohorts significantly increased radiosensitivity in radioresistant OE33R cells. ACM from the NA CRT OAC cohort increased radiosensitivity in OE33P cells. Metabolomic profiling demonstrated separation of the non-cancer and surgery only OAC cohorts and between the non-cancer and NA CRT OAC cohorts. Gene expression profiling of OE33P versus OE33R cells demonstrated differential expression of the adiponectin receptor-1 (AR1), adiponectin receptor-2 (AR2), leptin receptor (LepR) and neuropilin receptor-1 (NRP1) genes. In vivo overweight/obese OAC patients achieved an enhanced tumour response following NA CRT compared to normal weight patients. This study demonstrates that visceral adipose tissue modulates the cellular response to radiation in OAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Marie Mongan
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Niamh Lynam-Lennon
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Suzanne L Doyle
- School of Biological Sciences, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rory Casey
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Eibhlin Carr
- School of Agriculture & Food Science, Science Centre-South, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Aoife Cannon
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Melissa J Conroy
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Graham P Pidgeon
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- School of Agriculture & Food Science, Science Centre-South, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Joanne Lysaght
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - John V Reynolds
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Jacintha O'Sullivan
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
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Xu YXZ, Mishra S. Obesity-Linked Cancers: Current Knowledge, Challenges and Limitations in Mechanistic Studies and Rodent Models. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E523. [PMID: 30567335 PMCID: PMC6316427 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10120523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The worldwide prevalence of obesity has doubled during the last 50 years, and according to the World Obesity Federation, one third of the people on Earth will be obese by the year 2025. Obesity is described as a chronic, relapsing and multifactorial disease that causes metabolic, biomechanical, and psychosocial health consequences. Growing evidence suggests that obesity is a risk factor for multiple cancer types and rivals smoking as the leading preventable cause for cancer incidence and mortality. The epidemic of obesity will likely generate a new wave of obesity-related cancers with high aggressiveness and shortened latency. Observational studies have shown that from cancer risk to disease prognosis, an individual with obesity is consistently ranked worse compared to their lean counterpart. Mechanistic studies identified similar sets of abnormalities under obesity that may lead to cancer development, including ectopic fat storage, altered adipokine profiles, hormone fluctuations and meta-inflammation, but could not explain how these common mechanisms produce over 13 different cancer types. A major hurdle in the mechanistic underpinning of obesity-related cancer is the lack of suitable pre-clinical models that spontaneously develop obesity-linked cancers like humans. Current approaches and animal models fall short when discerning the confounders that often coexist in obesity. In this mini-review, we will briefly survey advances in the different obesity-linked cancers and discuss the challenges and limitations in the rodent models employed to study their relationship. We will also provide our perspectives on the future of obesity-linked cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xin Zi Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada.
| | - Suresh Mishra
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada.
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Ginzac A, Thivat É, Mouret-Reynier MA, Dubray-Longeras P, Van Praagh I, Passildas J, Abrial C, Kwiatkowski F, Boirie Y, Duclos M, Morio B, Gadea É, Durando X. Weight Evolution During Endocrine Therapy for Breast Cancer in Postmenopausal Patients: Effect of Initial Fat Mass Percentage and Previous Adjuvant Treatments. Clin Breast Cancer 2018; 18:e1093-e1102. [PMID: 30417829 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Weight changes during adjuvant treatment for early-stage breast cancer has been associated with a poor prognosis. The long-term evolution of body composition during adjuvant treatment for breast cancer, in particular, endocrine therapy, is not well known, and new data on this topic are required. The present study assessed the evolution of weight and body composition among 33 postmenopausal breast cancer patients receiving endocrine therapy after standard adjuvant chemotherapy that included taxanes. PATIENTS AND METHODS Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry was used to measure the fat and lean body mass. Body water was assessed using multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression questionnaire and the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire were also administered. RESULTS During endocrine therapy, 5 of the 33 patients (15.2%) lost weight and 12 (36.4%) gained weight. The overall average gain was 2.0 ± 5.5 kg (P = .04). During this period, the fat mass, lean body mass, and body water increased. The factors linked to fat mass gain included an excess fat mass (≥ 36%) before treatment and weight loss during chemotherapy. In the overall period of adjuvant cancer treatment, 30% of the population gained > 5% of their initial weight. The average gain was the same as that during the endocrine therapy period (2.0 ± 5.4 kg; P = .031) and was characterized by an increase in total lean body mass, mainly localized in the trunk region. CONCLUSION Endocrine therapy appears as a pivotal period in weight and body composition management. Overfat and obese patients and those who lose weight during chemotherapy were more subject to weight and fat mass gain during endocrine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeline Ginzac
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Centre Jean Perrin, Inserm, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, Clermont Ferrand, France.
| | - Émilie Thivat
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Centre Jean Perrin, Inserm, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Marie-Ange Mouret-Reynier
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Centre Jean Perrin, Inserm, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, Clermont Ferrand, France
| | | | | | - Judith Passildas
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Centre Jean Perrin, Inserm, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Catherine Abrial
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Centre Jean Perrin, Inserm, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Fabrice Kwiatkowski
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Centre Jean Perrin, Inserm, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Yves Boirie
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1019, Unité de nutrition Humaine, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Martine Duclos
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1019, Unité de nutrition Humaine, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France; CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service de Médecine du Sport et des Explorations Fonctionnelles, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Béatrice Morio
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1397, Laboratoire CarMeN, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Émilie Gadea
- Centre Hospitalier Emile Roux, le Puy en Velay, France
| | - Xavier Durando
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Centre Jean Perrin, Inserm, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, Clermont Ferrand, France
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Tan Y, Gan M, Fan Y, Li L, Zhong Z, Li X, Bai L, Zhao Y, Niu L, Shang Y, Zhang S, Zhu L. miR-10b-5p regulates 3T3-L1 cells differentiation by targeting Apol6. Gene 2018; 687:39-46. [PMID: 30423386 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that have been proposed to control or fine-tune complex genetic pathways by post-transcriptional regulation of target genes. It was proved that numerous miRNAs have influence on the biology of adipocytes as well as on the function of adipose tissues. This study shows that miR-10b-5p expression was decreased in mice, rats, and human under obesity. In addition, the obtained results indicated that the expression level of miR-10b-5p was increased in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes without manifesting a significant role in 3T3-L1 cells proliferation. On the other hand, the downregulation of miR-10b-5p by the inhibitor played a role in 3T3-L1 cells differentiation and adipogenesis. Our results strongly suggest that Apol6 was the target gene of miR-10b-5p. The inhibition of miR-10b-5p promoted the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells and adipogenesis by upregulating the Apol6 expression. Then, the upregulated Apol6 acted as an oncogene in certain obesity-related cancers. These results indicate that miR-10b-5p may have a therapeutic significance for obesity and obesity-related cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Tan
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Science, Guiyang 550005, Guizhou, China
| | - Mailin Gan
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuan Fan
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Liang Li
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Science, Guiyang 550005, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhijun Zhong
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, Animal Science Academy, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Xuewei Li
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Bai
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Lili Niu
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yishun Shang
- Guizhou Institute of Prataculture, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Science, Guiyang 550005, Guizhou, China
| | - Shunhua Zhang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Li Zhu
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
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Moy FM, Greenwood DC, Cade JE. Associations of clothing size, adiposity and weight change with risk of postmenopausal breast cancer in the UK Women's Cohort Study (UKWCS). BMJ Open 2018; 8:e022599. [PMID: 30269068 PMCID: PMC6169772 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Breast cancer is associated with overweight and obesity after menopause. However, clothing size as a proxy of adiposity in predicting postmenopausal breast cancer is not widely studied. We aimed to explore the relationships between postmenopausal breast cancer risk with adipose indicators (including clothing sizes) and weight change over adulthood. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING England, Wales and Scotland. PARTICIPANTS 17 781 postmenopausal women from the UK Women's Cohort Study. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE Incident cases of malignant breast cancers (International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 9 code 174 and ICD 10 code C50). RESULTS From 282 277 person-years follow-up, there were 946 incident breast cancer cases with an incidence rate of 3.35 per 1000 women. Body mass index (HR: 1.04; 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.07), blouse size (HR: 1.10; 1.03 to 1.18), waist circumference (HR: 1.07; 1.01 to 1.14) and skirt size (HR: 1.14;1.06 to 1.22) had positive associations with postmenopausal breast cancer after adjustment for potential confounders. Increased weight over adulthood (HR: 1.02; 1.01 to 1.03) was also associated with increased risk for postmenopausal breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS Blouse and skirt sizes can be used as adipose indicators in predicting postmenopausal breast cancer. Maintaining healthy body weight over adulthood is an effective measure in the prevention of postmenopausal breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foong Ming Moy
- Department of Social & Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, School of Food Science & Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Darren C Greenwood
- Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Janet E Cade
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, School of Food Science & Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Bousquenaud M, Fico F, Solinas G, Rüegg C, Santamaria-Martínez A. Obesity promotes the expansion of metastasis-initiating cells in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2018; 20:104. [PMID: 30180888 PMCID: PMC6123990 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-018-1029-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is a strong predictor of poor prognosis in breast cancer, especially in postmenopausal women. In particular, tumors in obese patients tend to seed more distant metastases, although the biology behind this observation remains poorly understood. Methods To elucidate the effects of the obese microenvironment on metastatic spread, we ovariectomized C57BL/6 J female mice and fed them either a regular diet (RD) or a high-fat diet (HFD) to generate a postmenopausal diet-induced obesity model. We then studied tumor progression to metastasis of Py230 and EO771 grafts. We analyzed and phenotyped the RD and HFD tumors and the surrounding adipose tissue by flow cytometry, qPCR, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blot. The influence of the microenvironment on tumor cells was assessed by performing cross-transplantation of RD and HFD tumor cells into other RD and HFD mice. The results were analyzed using the unpaired Student t test when comparing two variables, otherwise we used one-way or two-way analysis of variance. The relationship between two variables was calculated using correlation coefficients. Results Our results show that tumors in obese mice grow faster, are also less vascularized, more hypoxic, of higher grade and enriched in CD11b+Ly6G+ neutrophils. Collectively, this favors induction of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and progression to claudin-low breast cancer, a subtype of triple-negative breast cancer that is enriched in cancer stem cells. Interestingly, transplanting HFD-derived tumor cells in RD mice transfers enhanced tumor growth and lung metastasis formation. Conclusions These data indicate that a pro-metastatic effect of obesity is acquired by the tumor cells in the primary tumor independently of the microenvironment of the secondary site. Graphical abstract Effects of postmenopausal obesity on primary breast cancer tumoursᅟ![]() Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13058-018-1029-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Bousquenaud
- Experimental and Translational Oncology Laboratory, Division of Pathology, Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Flavia Fico
- Tumor Ecology Laboratory, Division of Pathology, Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 18, PER17, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Solinas
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, The Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Curzio Rüegg
- Experimental and Translational Oncology Laboratory, Division of Pathology, Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.,Swiss Integrative Center for Human Health, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Albert Santamaria-Martínez
- Tumor Ecology Laboratory, Division of Pathology, Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 18, PER17, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland.
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Abstract
Metformin is a lipophilic biguanide which inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis and improves peripheral utilization of glucose. It is the first line pharmacotherapy for glucose control in patients with Type 2 diabetes due to its safety, efficacy and tolerability. Metformin exhibits pleotropic effects, which may have beneficial effects on a variety of tissues independent of glucose control. A potential anti-tumourigenic effect of metformin may be mediated by its role in activating AMP-kinase, which in turn inhibits mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Non-AMPK dependent protective pathways may include reduction of insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1, leptin, inflammatory pathways and potentiation of adiponectin, all of which may have a role in tumourigenesis. A role in inhibiting cancer stem cells is also postulated. A number of large scale observational and cohort studies suggest metformin is associated with a reduced risk of a number of cancers, although the data is not conclusive. Recent randomised studies reporting use of metformin in treatment of cancer have revealed mixed results, and the results of much larger randomised trials of metformin as an adjuvant therapy in breast and colorectal cancers are awaited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritwika Mallik
- (a)International Training Fellow in Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Diabetes and Metabolism, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Tahseen A Chowdhury
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolism, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK.
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Andrieu GP, Shafran JS, Deeney JT, Bharadwaj KR, Rangarajan A, Denis GV. BET proteins in abnormal metabolism, inflammation, and the breast cancer microenvironment. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 104:265-274. [PMID: 29493812 PMCID: PMC6134394 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5ri0917-380rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its associated pathology Type 2 diabetes are two chronic metabolic and inflammatory diseases that promote breast cancer progression, metastasis, and poor outcomes. Emerging critical opinion considers unresolved inflammation and abnormal metabolism separately from obesity; settings where they do not co-occur can inform disease mechanism. In breast cancer, the tumor microenvironment is often infiltrated with T effector and T regulatory cells programmed by metabolic signaling. The pathways by which tumor cells evade immune surveillance, immune therapies, and take advantage of antitumor immunity are poorly understood, but likely depend on metabolic inflammation in the microenvironment. Immune functions are abnormal in metabolic disease, and lessons learned from preclinical studies in lean and metabolically normal environments may not translate to patients with obesity and metabolic disease. This problem is made more urgent by the rising incidence of breast cancer among women who are not obese but who have metabolic disease and associated inflammation, a phenotype common in Asia. The somatic BET proteins, comprising BRD2, BRD3, and BRD4, are new critical regulators of metabolism, coactivate transcription of genes that encode proinflammatory cytokines in immune cell subsets infiltrating the microenvironment, and could be important targets in breast cancer immunotherapy. These transcriptional coregulators are well known to regulate tumor cell progression, but only recently identified as critical for metabolism, metastasis, and expression of immune checkpoint molecules. We consider interrelationships among metabolism, inflammation, and breast cancer aggressiveness relevant to the emerging threat of breast cancer among women with metabolic disease, but without obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jordan S. Shafran
- Cancer Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jude T. Deeney
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Obesity Research Center, Evans Biomedical Research Center; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kishan R. Bharadwaj
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Annapoorni Rangarajan
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Gerald V. Denis
- Cancer Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating data have found that adiponectin is involved in development of breast cancer (BC). However, these results were inconsistent. METHOD A systematic search in PubMed, Embase, ISI Web of Science, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were conducted up to October 1, 2017. The standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval was applied to pool the effect size. RESULTS Finally, 31 eligible studies were included in this meta-analysis. The overall results indicated that serum adiponectin levels in BC cases were significantly lower than the controls (SMD = -0.33, P < 0.0001). As for the subgroup analysis of menstrual status, serum adiponectin levels were significantly lower in pre- and postmenopausal BC cases. Moreover, the subgroup analysis by ethnicity in pre- and postmenopausal group indicated an inverse association between adiponectin levels and BC risk in Asian population, but not in Caucasian population. CONCLUSION The present meta-analysis suggests that low serum adiponectin concentration may be associated with an increased BC risk in premenopausal and postmenopausal women, especially among Asians. Adiponectin may serve as a biomarker of BC risk and help to identify subjects at high risk for BC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gu
- Department of Obstetrics, West China Women's and Children's Hospital
- Key Laboratory of Birth and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University
| | - Chang Cao
- Department of Cosmetic Plastic and Burns surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu
| | - Jing Fu
- International Education School, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Operations Management, West China Hospital, Sichuan University
| | - De-Hua Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University
- Department of West China Second University Hospital Quality improvement, West China Women's and Children's Hospital, Chengdu
| | - Ming-Yao Chen
- Dazhou vocational and technical college, Dazhou, PR China
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