1
|
Beatty CC, Gallardo M, Ferry RA, Feldman J, Levy A, Grieshaber A, Nelson BD. Pathological personality domains and punishment-enhanced error-related negativity. Int J Psychophysiol 2024; 203:112408. [PMID: 39097099 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2024.112408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
The error-related negativity (ERN) is an event-related potential that is observed after the commission of an error and is hypothesized to index threat sensitivity. The ERN is associated with multiple psychiatric disorders, but it is unclear if similar results are due to higher-order dimensions of psychopathology. When errors are punished, the ERN is further enhanced, which might better isolate threat sensitivity. However, few studies have examined whether psychopathology is associated with punishment enhancement of the ERN. In a clinical sample of 170 adults, the present study examined the association between pathological personality domains and predictable vs. unpredictable punishment-enhanced ERN. Results indicated that the ERN was enhanced when errors were punished compared to not punished. Greater negative emotionality was associated with a greater predictable punishment-enhanced ERN, while greater disinhibition was associated with smaller predictable punishment-enhanced ERN. The study suggests that higher-order pathological personality domains demonstrate discriminate relationships with punishment-enhanced error-related brain activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clare C Beatty
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, United States of America.
| | - Marcela Gallardo
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, United States of America
| | - Rachel A Ferry
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, United States of America
| | - Jacob Feldman
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, United States of America
| | - Adina Levy
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, United States of America
| | | | - Brady D Nelson
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Figuracion MT, Kozlowski MB, Macknyk KS, Heise MB, Pieper SM, Alperin BR, Morton HE, Nigg JT, Karalunas SL. The Relationship Between Emotion Dysregulation and Error Monitoring in Adolescents with ADHD. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2024; 52:605-620. [PMID: 37843650 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-023-01127-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is emblematic of the limitations of existing diagnostic categories. One potential solution, consistent with the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative, is to interrogate psychological mechanisms at the behavioral and physiological level together to try and identify meaningful subgroups within existing categories. Such approaches provide a way to revise diagnostic boundaries and clarify individual variation in mechanisms. Here, we illustrate this approach to help resolve heterogeneity in ADHD using a combination of behaviorally-rated temperament measures from the Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire; cognitive performance on three difference conditions of an emotional go/no-go task; and electroencephalogram (EEG)-measured variation in multiple stages of error processing, including the error-related negativity (ERN) and positivity (Pe). In a large (N = 342), well-characterized sample of adolescents with ADHD, latent profile analysis identified two ADHD temperament subgroups: 1) emotionally regulated and 2) emotionally dysregulated (with high negative affect). Cognitive and EEG assessment in a subset of 272 adolescents (nADHD = 151) found that the emotionally dysregulated group showed distinct patterns of change in early neural response to errors (ERN) across emotional task conditions as compared to emotionally-regulated ADHD adolescents and typically-developing controls. Both ADHD groups showed blunted later response to errors (Pe) that was stable across emotional task conditions. Overall, neural response patterns identified important differences in how trait and state emotion interact to affect cognitive processing. Results highlight important temperament variation within ADHD that helps clarify its relationship to the ERN, one of the most prominent putative neural biomarkers for psychopathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael B Kozlowski
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Katelyn S Macknyk
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Madelyn B Heise
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Sarah M Pieper
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Brittany R Alperin
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Hannah E Morton
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Joel T Nigg
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Sarah L Karalunas
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Aydin Ü, Gyurkovics M, Ginestet C, Capp S, Greven CU, Palmer J, McLoughlin G. Genetic Overlap Between Midfrontal Theta Signals and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder in a Longitudinal Twin Cohort. Biol Psychiatry 2023; 94:823-832. [PMID: 37187423 PMCID: PMC10769884 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive control has been strongly linked to midfrontal theta (4-8 Hz) brain activity. Such control processes are known to be impaired in individuals with psychiatric conditions and neurodevelopmental diagnoses, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Temporal variability in theta, in particular, has been associated with ADHD, with shared genetic variance underlying the relationship. Here, we investigated the phenotypic and genetic relationships between theta phase variability, theta-related signals (the N2, error-related negativity, and error positivity), reaction time, and ADHD and ASD longitudinally in a large twin study of young adults to investigate the stability of the genetic relationships between these measures over time. METHODS Genetic multivariate liability threshold models were run on a longitudinal sample of 566 participants (283 twin pairs). Characteristics of ADHD and ASD were measured in childhood and young adulthood, while an electroencephalogram was recorded in young adulthood during an arrow flanker task. RESULTS Cross-trial theta phase variability in adulthood showed large positive phenotypic and genetic relationships with reaction time variability and both childhood and adult ADHD characteristics. Error positivity amplitude was negatively related phenotypically and genetically to ADHD and ASD at both time points. CONCLUSIONS We showed significant genetic associations between variability in theta signaling and ADHD. A novel finding from the current study is that these relationships were stable across time, indicating a core dysregulation of the temporal coordination of control processes in ADHD that persists in individuals with childhood symptoms. Error processing, indexed by the error positivity, was altered in both ADHD and ASD, with a strong genetic contribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ümit Aydin
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; School of Psychology & Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Máté Gyurkovics
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Cedric Ginestet
- Bioinformatics and Health Statistics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simone Capp
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Corina U Greven
- Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jason Palmer
- School of Mathematical and Data Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Gráinne McLoughlin
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Suzuki T, Gu P, Grove TB, Hammond T, Collins KM, Pamidighantam P, Arnold PD, Taylor SF, Liu Y, Gehring WJ, Hanna GL, Tso IF. Abnormally Enhanced Midfrontal Theta Activity During Response Monitoring in Youths With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2023; 93:1031-1040. [PMID: 36822934 PMCID: PMC10182182 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Response monitoring, as reflected in electroencephalogram recordings after commission of errors, has been consistently shown to be abnormally enhanced in individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). This has traditionally been quantified as error-related negativity (ERN) and may reflect abnormal neurophysiological mechanisms underlying OCD. However, the ERN reflects the increase in phase-locked activities, particularly in the theta-band (4-8 Hz), and does not reflect non-phase-locked activities. To more broadly investigate midfrontal theta activity in a brain region that is essential for complex cognition, this study investigated theta abnormalities during response monitoring in participants with OCD to acheive a better understanding of the mechanism underlying the ERN. METHODS Electroencephalogram data were recorded from 99 participants with pediatric OCD and 99 sex- and age-matched healthy control participants while they completed the arrow flanker task. Effects of group (OCD, healthy control) and response type (error, correct) on postresponse theta total power and intertrial phase coherence (ITPC) were examined using mixed analysis of covariance and Bayesian analyses controlling for sex and accuracy. RESULTS Theta total power was larger on error than on correct trials and larger in OCD than healthy control participants, but there was no effect of response type between groups. Theta ITPC was larger on error than correct trials, but there was no group difference or response type difference between the groups. Correlations of theta total power and ITPC with clinical measures were overall small. CONCLUSIONS Abnormally enhanced midfrontal theta total power, but not ITPC, may reflect ineffective heightened response monitoring or compensatory activity in pediatric OCD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takakuni Suzuki
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
| | - Pan Gu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Tyler B Grove
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Taeah Hammond
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kelsey M Collins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Paul D Arnold
- Department of Psychiatry, The Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Stephan F Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Yanni Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - William J Gehring
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Gregory L Hanna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ivy F Tso
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Andrews CM, Menkes MW, Suzuki T, Lasagna CA, Chun J, O'Donnell L, Grove T, McInnis MG, Deldin PJ, Tso IF. Reduced theta-band neural oscillatory activity during affective cognitive control in bipolar I disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 158:27-35. [PMID: 36549197 PMCID: PMC9898182 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with bipolar I disorder (BD) have difficulty inhibiting context-inappropriate responses. However, neural mechanisms of impaired cognitive control over impulsive behaviors, especially in response to emotion, are unclear. Theta-band neural oscillatory activity over midfrontal areas is thought to reflect cognitive control. The current study examined behavioral performance and theta-band activity during inhibition to affective stimuli in BD, relative to healthy control participants (HC). Sixty-seven participants with BD and 48 HC completed a Go/No-Go task with emotional face stimuli during electroencephalography (EEG) recording. Behavior was measured with reaction time, discriminability (d') and response bias (β). Time-frequency decomposition of EEG data was used to extract event-related theta-band (4-7 Hz) neural oscillatory power and inter-trial phase consistency (ITPC) over midline fronto-central areas. Behavior and theta-band activity were compared between groups, while covarying for age. Participants with BD exhibited slower response execution times on correct Go trials and reduced behavioral discrimination of emotional versus neutral faces, compared to HC. Theta-band power and ITPC were reduced in BD relative to HC. Theta-band power was higher on No-Go trials than Go trials. The magnitude of differences in theta-band activity between Go/No-Go trial types did not differ between groups. Increased theta-band power was associated with faster response execution times, greater discrimination of differing facial expressions, and stronger tendency to respond both across the full sample and within the BD group. Attenuated midline fronto-central theta-band activity may contribute to reduced cognitive control and maladaptive behavioral responding to emotional cues in individuals with BD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn M Andrews
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Margo W Menkes
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Takakuni Suzuki
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Carly A Lasagna
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jinsoo Chun
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lisa O'Donnell
- School of Social Work, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Tyler Grove
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Melvin G McInnis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Patricia J Deldin
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ivy F Tso
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wootton O, Dalvie S, Susser E, Gur RC, Stein DJ. Within-individual variability in cognitive performance in schizophrenia: A narrative review of the key literature and proposed research agenda. Schizophr Res 2023; 252:329-334. [PMID: 36708623 PMCID: PMC9974859 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder and a leading cause of disability worldwide. Deficits in cognitive function are characteristic of schizophrenia and are predictors of functional outcomes in the disorder. Within-individual variability (WIV) in cognitive performance is elevated in schizophrenia and has been suggested to provide additional insight into cognitive function over and above mean performance measures. Despite growing interest in WIV in schizophrenia, research on the clinical significance and neural correlates of WIV in the disorder remains sparse. The present narrative review summarizes the key literature linking WIV in schizophrenia to clinical, neural, and genetic correlates. Here, we aim to highlight key knowledge gaps and provide directions for future research into WIV in schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Wootton
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Shareefa Dalvie
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, South Africa
| | - Ezra Susser
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Brain Behavior Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, USA
| | - Dan J Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa; SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Reduced Error Recognition Explains Post-Error Slowing Differences among Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2022; 28:810-820. [PMID: 34488920 PMCID: PMC8935138 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617721001065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Youth with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often show reduced post-error slowing (PES) compared to typically developing controls. This finding has been interpreted as evidence that children with ADHD have error recognition and adaptive control impairments. However, several studies report mixed results regarding PES differences in ADHD, and among healthy controls, there is considerable debate about the cognitive-behavioral origin of PES. METHODS We tested competing hypotheses aimed at clarifying whether reduced PES in children with ADHD is due to impaired error detection, deficits in adaptive control, and/or attention orienting to novelty. Children aged 7-11 years with a diagnosis of ADHD (n = 74) and controls (n = 30) completed four laboratory-based computer tasks with variable cognitive loads and error types. RESULTS ADHD diagnosis was associated with shorter PES only on a task with high cognitive load and low error-cuing, consistent with impaired error recognition. In contrast, there was no evidence of impaired adaptive control or heightened novelty orienting among children with ADHD. CONCLUSIONS The cognitive-behavioral origin of PES is multifactorial, but reduced PES among children with an ADHD diagnosis is due to impaired error recognition during cognitively demanding tasks. Behavioral interventions that scaffold error recognition may facilitate improved performance among children with ADHD.
Collapse
|
8
|
Boudewyn MA. Insights Into the Temporal Dynamics of Cognitive Control in Kindergarteners With Autism Spectrum Disorder. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2022; 7:532-533. [PMID: 35680344 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Megan A Boudewyn
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bozhilova N, Kuntsi J, Rubia K, Asherson P, Michelini G. Event-related brain dynamics during mind wandering in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: An experience-sampling approach. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 35:103068. [PMID: 35696811 PMCID: PMC9194650 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) report increased spontaneous mind wandering (MW) compared to control adults. Since MW is associated with ADHD severity and functional impairment, elucidating the brain mechanisms underlying MW may inform new interventions targeting MW and point to neural markers to monitor their efficacy. Population-based electroencephalographic (EEG) studies suggest that weaker event-related decreases in occipital alpha power characterise periods of MW, but no study has examined event-related brain oscillations during MW in individuals with ADHD. Using an experience-sampling method, we compared adults with ADHD (N = 23) and controls (N = 25) on event-related EEG measures of power modulations and phase consistency during two tasks with high and low demands on working memory and sustained attention, and during periods of MW and task focus. Compared to controls, individuals with ADHD showed weaker alpha power decreases during high working memory demands and across sustained attention demands, weaker theta power increases and phase consistency across working memory demands and during low sustained attention demands, and weaker beta power decreases during low working memory demands. These EEG patterns suggest broadly deficient attentional and motor response processes in ADHD. During MW episodes, adults with ADHD showed weaker alpha power decreases in the sustained attention task and lower theta phase consistency in the working memory task compared to controls. These findings suggest that atypical EEG patterns thought to reflect reduced inhibition of task-irrelevant processes and inconsistent stimulus processing underlie increased MW in adults with ADHD and may be useful for future real-time monitoring of treatment effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natali Bozhilova
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK; School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
| | - Jonna Kuntsi
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Katya Rubia
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College University London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Philip Asherson
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Giorgia Michelini
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90024, United States; Department of Biological & Experimental Psychology, Queen Mary University of London, G. E. Fogg Building, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fisher O, Berger I, Grossman ES, Maeir A. Online and Intellectual Awareness of Executive Functioning in Daily Life among Adolescents with and without ADHD. J Atten Disord 2022; 26:870-880. [PMID: 34378435 DOI: 10.1177/10870547211031982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Executive function deficits (EFD) are a central mechanism underlying negative outcomes in ADHD. This study examined awareness of EFD manifested in "real-time" task performance (Online Awareness) and in general self-knowledge of daily activities, outside the context of a specific task (Intellectual Awareness) among adolescents with and without ADHD. METHODS 102 adolescents with (n = 52) and without (n = 50) ADHD were administered Weekly Calendar Planning Activity (WCPA) and Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF). Parents completed the BRIEF parent version. Awareness was defined using the discrepancy paradigm: performance versus estimation on WCPA for online awareness; self versus parent report on the BRIEF for intellectual awareness. RESULTS Adolescents with ADHD overestimated their performance on the WCPA and underestimated their EFD on the BRIEF compared to parent's ratings. The discrepancy scores in both types of awareness were significantly larger among ADHD than controls (p < .005). CONCLUSIONS Adolescents with ADHD demonstrate significantly lower rates of online and intellectual awareness of EFD compared to controls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Itai Berger
- The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.,Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Southern, Israel
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Morand-Beaulieu S, Smith SD, Ibrahim K, Wu J, Leckman JF, Crowley MJ, Sukhodolsky DG. Electrophysiological signatures of inhibitory control in children with Tourette syndrome and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Cortex 2022; 147:157-168. [PMID: 35042055 PMCID: PMC8816877 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Tourette syndrome (TS) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) frequently co-occur, especially in children. Reduced inhibitory control abilities have been suggested as a shared phenotype across both conditions but its neural underpinnings remain unclear. Here, we tested the behavioral and electrophysiological correlates of inhibitory control in children with TS, ADHD, TS+ADHD, and typically developing controls (TDC). One hundred and thirty-eight children, aged 7-14 years, performed a Go/NoGo task during dense-array EEG recording. The sample included four groups: children with TS only (n = 47), TS+ADHD (n = 32), ADHD only (n = 22), and matched TDC (n = 35). Brain activity was assessed with the means of frontal midline theta oscillations, as well as the N200 and P300 components of the event-related potentials. Our analyses revealed that both groups with TS did not differ from other groups in terms of behavioral performance, frontal midline theta oscillations, and event-related potentials. Children with ADHD-only had worse Go/NoGo task performance, decreased NoGo frontal midline theta power, and delayed N200 and P300 latencies, compared to typically developing controls. In the current study, we found that children with TS or TS+ADHD do not show differences in EEG during a Go/NoGo task compared to typically developing children. Our findings however suggest that children with ADHD-only have a distinct electrophysiological profile during the Go/NoGo task as indexed by reduced frontal midline theta power and delayed N200 and P300 latencies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephanie D. Smith
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,School of Psychology, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Karim Ibrahim
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jia Wu
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - James F. Leckman
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michael J. Crowley
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hong JS, Lee YS, Hong M, Kim B, Joung YS, Yoo HK, Kim EJ, Lee SI, Bhang SY, Lee SY, Bahn GH, Han DH. Cognitive Developmental Trajectories in Adult ADHD Patients and Controls: A Comparative Study. J Atten Disord 2022; 26:391-407. [PMID: 33472514 DOI: 10.1177/1087054720978548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is an updated conceptualization of whole-lifespan attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), promoted by awareness of probable persistence of impairment into adulthood. We investigated cognition trajectories from adolescence to mid-adulthood in ADHD. METHOD Data of 240 patients with ADHD and 244 healthy controls (HCs) were obtained; clinical symptoms and neuropsychological functions were assessed using the various tests. RESULTS Compared to HCs, patients with ADHD except 35 to 44 age interval showed lower full scale intelligence quotient. They showed decreased verbal comprehensive scores except in the 35 to 44 age interval and working memory scores in all intervals. In the Comprehensive Attention Test, patients with ADHD showed increased working memory error frequencies except in the 15 to 17 age interval and divided attention omission error in all intervals. CONCLUSION Adults with ADHD showed deficits not in simple attention but in complex attention, including divided attention and working memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Sun Hong
- Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sik Lee
- Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minha Hong
- Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongseog Kim
- Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Sook Joung
- Sungkyunkwan University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanik K Yoo
- Seoul Brain Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Jung Kim
- Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Irene Lee
- Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Buchun, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Young Bhang
- Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Yup Lee
- Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon Ho Bahn
- Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Doug Hyun Han
- Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Michelini G, Salmastyan G, Vera JD, Lenartowicz A. Event-related brain oscillations in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Psychophysiol 2022; 174:29-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
14
|
McLoughlin G, Gyurkovics M, Palmer J, Makeig S. Midfrontal Theta Activity in Psychiatric Illness: An Index of Cognitive Vulnerabilities Across Disorders. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 91:173-182. [PMID: 34756560 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There is an urgent need to identify the mechanisms that contribute to atypical thinking and behavior associated with psychiatric illness. Behavioral and brain measures of cognitive control are associated with a variety of psychiatric disorders and conditions as well as daily life functioning. Recognition of the importance of cognitive control in human behavior has led to intensive research into behavioral and neurobiological correlates. Oscillations in the theta band (4-8 Hz) over medial frontal recording sites are becoming increasingly established as a direct neural index of certain aspects of cognitive control. In this review, we point toward evidence that theta acts to coordinate multiple neural processes in disparate brain regions during task processing to optimize behavior. Theta-related signals in human electroencephalography include the N2, the error-related negativity, and measures of theta power in the (time-)frequency domain. We investigate how these theta signals are affected in a wide range of psychiatric conditions with known deficiencies in cognitive control: anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and substance abuse. Theta-related control signals and their temporal consistency were found to differ in most patient groups compared with healthy control subjects, suggesting fundamental deficits in reactive and proactive control. Notably, however, clinical studies directly investigating the role of theta in the coordination of goal-directed processes across different brain regions are uncommon and are encouraged in future research. A finer-grained analysis of flexible, subsecond-scale functional networks in psychiatric disorders could contribute to a dimensional understanding of psychopathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gráinne McLoughlin
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Máté Gyurkovics
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Jason Palmer
- Department of Neurological Diagnosis and Restoration, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Scott Makeig
- Institute for Neural Computation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Vainieri I, Michelini G, Adamo N, Cheung CHM, Asherson P, Kuntsi J. Event-related brain-oscillatory and ex-Gaussian markers of remission and persistence of ADHD. Psychol Med 2022; 52:352-361. [PMID: 32611469 PMCID: PMC8842193 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720002056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often persists into adolescence and adulthood, but the processes underlying persistence and remission remain poorly understood. We previously found that reaction time variability and event-related potentials of preparation-vigilance processes were impaired in ADHD persisters and represented markers of remission, as ADHD remitters were indistinguishable from controls but differed from persisters. Here, we aimed to further clarify the nature of the cognitive-neurophysiological impairments in ADHD and of markers of remission by examining the finer-grained ex-Gaussian reaction-time distribution and electroencephalographic (EEG) brain-oscillatory measures in ADHD persisters, remitters and controls. METHODS A total of 110 adolescents and young adults with childhood ADHD (87 persisters, 23 remitters) and 169 age-matched controls were compared on ex-Gaussian (mu, sigma, tau) indices and time-frequency EEG measures of power and phase consistency from a reaction-time task with slow-unrewarded baseline and fast-incentive conditions ('Fast task'). RESULTS Compared to controls, ADHD persisters showed significantly greater mu, sigma, tau, and lower theta power and phase consistency across conditions. Relative to ADHD persisters, remitters showed significantly lower tau and theta power and phase consistency across conditions, as well as lower mu in the fast-incentive condition, with no difference in the baseline condition. Remitters did not significantly differ from controls on any measure. CONCLUSIONS We found widespread impairments in ADHD persisters in reaction-time distribution and brain-oscillatory measures. Event-related theta power, theta phase consistency and tau across conditions, as well as mu in the more engaging fast-incentive condition, emerged as novel markers of ADHD remission, potentially representing compensatory mechanisms in individuals with remitted ADHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Vainieri
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Giorgia Michelini
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nicoletta Adamo
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Celeste H. M. Cheung
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Education Endowment Foundation, London, UK
| | - Philip Asherson
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jonna Kuntsi
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
McLoughlin G, Gyurkovics M, Aydin Ü. What Has Been Learned from Using EEG Methods in Research of ADHD? Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2022; 57:415-444. [PMID: 35637406 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2022_344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Electrophysiological recording methods, including electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG), have an unparalleled capacity to provide insights into the timing and frequency (spectral) composition of rapidly changing neural activity associated with various cognitive processes. The current chapter provides an overview of EEG studies examining alterations in brain activity in ADHD, measured both at rest and during cognitive tasks. While EEG resting state studies of ADHD indicate no universal alterations in the disorder, event-related studies reveal consistent deficits in attentional and inhibitory control and consequently inform the proposed cognitive models of ADHD. Similar to other neuroimaging measures, EEG research indicates alterations in multiple neural circuits and cognitive functions. EEG methods - supported by the constant refinement of analytic strategies - have the potential to contribute to improved diagnostics and interventions for ADHD, underlining their clinical utility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gráinne McLoughlin
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Máté Gyurkovics
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Ümit Aydin
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cavicchioli M, Ogliari A, Movalli M, Maffei C. Persistent Deficits in Self-Regulation as a Mediator between Childhood Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms and Substance Use Disorders. Subst Use Misuse 2022; 57:1837-1853. [PMID: 36096483 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2022.2120358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The link between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and substance use disorders (SUDs) has been largely demonstrated. Some scholars have hypothesized that self-regulation mechanisms might play a key role in explaining this association. Objective(s): The current study tested the hypothesis that retrospective childhood ADHD symptoms might lead to more severe SUDs and this association should be mediated by current self-ratings of behavioral disinhibition, inattention, and emotional dysregulation among 204 treatment-seeking adults (male: 67.3%; female: 32.7%) with a primary diagnosis of alcohol use disorder and other SUDs. Methods: The mediational model was estimated through self-report measures of childhood ADHD symptoms (independent variable; WURS), current self-regulation mechanisms (mediators)-behavioral disinhibition (BIS-11 motor subscale), difficulties with attention regulation (MAAS) and emotion regulation (DERS)-and severity of SUDs (dependent variable; SPQ alcohol, illicit and prescribed drugs). Results: The analysis showed that alterations in the self-regulation system fully mediated the association between the severity of childhood ADHD symptoms and SUDs in adulthood. Behavioral disinhibition and difficulties in attention regulation were the most representative alterations in self-regulation processes that explained this association. Conclusions: These findings suggest it is useful to implement several therapeutic approaches (e.g. behavioral, mindfulness-based, and pharmacological) to increase the self-regulation abilities of children and adolescents with ADHD in order to reduce the probability of SUD onset in adulthood. However, future longitudinal neuroimaging and neuropsychological studies are needed to further support the role of self-regulation mechanisms in explaining the prospective association between childhood ADHD symptoms and SUDs in adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cavicchioli
- Department of Psychology, University "Vita-Salute San Raffaele", Milan, Italy.,Unit of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, San Raffaele-Turro Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Ogliari
- Unit of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, San Raffaele-Turro Hospital, Milan, Italy.,Child in Mind Lab, University "Vita-Salute San Raffaele", Milan, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Movalli
- Department of Psychology, University "Vita-Salute San Raffaele", Milan, Italy.,Unit of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, San Raffaele-Turro Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Cesare Maffei
- Department of Psychology, University "Vita-Salute San Raffaele", Milan, Italy.,Unit of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, San Raffaele-Turro Hospital, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lutz MC, Kok R, Verveer I, Malbec M, Koot S, van Lier PAC, Franken IHA. Diminished error-related negativity and error positivity in children and adults with externalizing problems and disorders: a meta-analysis on error processing. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2021; 46:E615-E627. [PMID: 34753790 PMCID: PMC8580828 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.200031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deficits in error processing are reflected in an inability of people with externalizing problems to adjust their problem behaviour. The present study contains 2 meta-analyses, testing whether error processing - indexed by the event-related potentials error-related negativity (ERN) and error positivity (Pe) - is reduced in children and adults with externalizing problems and disorders compared to healthy controls. METHODS We conducted a systematic search in PubMed (1980 to December 2018), PsycInfo (1980 to December 2018) and Scopus (1970 to December 2018), identifying 328 studies. We included studies that measured error processing using the Eriksen flanker task, the go/no-go task or the stop-signal task in healthy controls and in adults or children with clearly described externalizing behavioural problems (e.g., aggression) or a clinical diagnosis on the externalizing spectrum (e.g., addiction). RESULTS Random-effect models (ERN: 23 studies, 1739 participants; Pe: 27 studies, 1456 participants) revealed a reduced ERN amplitude (Hedges' g = 0.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.29 to 0.58) and a reduced Pe amplitude (Hedges' g = -0.27, 95% CI -0.44 to -0.09) during error processing in people with externalizing problems or disorders compared to healthy controls. Type of diagnosis, age and the presence of performance feedback or comorbidity did not moderate the results. The employed cognitive task was a moderator for Pe but not for ERN. The go/no-go task generated a greater amplitude difference in Pe than the Eriksen flanker task. Small-sample assessment revealed evidence of publication bias for both event-related potentials. However, a p curve analysis for ERN showed that evidential value was present; for Pe, the p curve analysis was inconclusive. LIMITATIONS The moderators did not explain the potential heterogeneity in most of the analysis, suggesting that other disorder- and patient-related factors affect error processing. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate the presence of compromised error processing in externalizing psychopathology, suggesting diminished activation of the prefrontal cortex during performance monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Christine Lutz
- From the Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (Lutz, Kok, Verveer, Malbec, Franken); the Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Lutz, Koot, van Lier).
| | - Rianne Kok
- From the Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (Lutz, Kok, Verveer, Malbec, Franken); the Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Lutz, Koot, van Lier)
| | - Ilse Verveer
- From the Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (Lutz, Kok, Verveer, Malbec, Franken); the Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Lutz, Koot, van Lier)
| | - Marcelo Malbec
- From the Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (Lutz, Kok, Verveer, Malbec, Franken); the Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Lutz, Koot, van Lier)
| | - Susanne Koot
- From the Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (Lutz, Kok, Verveer, Malbec, Franken); the Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Lutz, Koot, van Lier)
| | - Pol A C van Lier
- From the Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (Lutz, Kok, Verveer, Malbec, Franken); the Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Lutz, Koot, van Lier)
| | - Ingmar H A Franken
- From the Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (Lutz, Kok, Verveer, Malbec, Franken); the Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Lutz, Koot, van Lier)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bellato A, Norman L, Idrees I, Ogawa CY, Waitt A, Zuccolo PF, Tye C, Radua J, Groom MJ, Shephard E. A systematic review and meta-analysis of altered electrophysiological markers of performance monitoring in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome (GTS), Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Autism. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 131:964-987. [PMID: 34687698 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Altered performance monitoring is implicated in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of electrophysiological correlates of performance monitoring (error-related negativity, ERN; error positivity, Pe; feedback-related negativity, FRN; feedback-P3) in individuals with OCD, GTS, ADHD or autism compared to control participants, or associations between correlates and symptoms/traits of these conditions. Meta-analyses on 97 studies (5890 participants) showed increased ERN in OCD (Hedge's g = 0.54[CIs:0.44,0.65]) and GTS (g = 0.99[CIs:0.05,1.93]). OCD also showed increased Pe (g = 0.51[CIs:0.21,0.81]) and FRN (g = 0.50[CIs:0.26,0.73]). ADHD and autism showed reduced ERN (ADHD: g=-0.47[CIs:-0.67,-0.26]; autism: g=-0.61[CIs:-1.10,-0.13]). ADHD also showed reduced Pe (g=-0.50[CIs:-0.69,-0.32]). These findings suggest overlap in electrophysiological markers of performance monitoring alterations in four common neurodevelopmental conditions, with increased amplitudes of the markers in OCD and GTS and decreased amplitudes in ADHD and autism. Implications of these findings in terms of shared and distinct performance monitoring alterations across these neurodevelopmental conditions are discussed. PROSPERO pre-registration code: CRD42019134612.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Bellato
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK; Academic Unit of Mental Health & Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Luke Norman
- Section on Neurobehavioral and Clinical Research, Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Iman Idrees
- Academic Unit of Mental Health & Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Carolina Y Ogawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alice Waitt
- Academic Unit of Mental Health & Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Pedro F Zuccolo
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Charlotte Tye
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK; Imaging of Mood- and Anxiety-Related Disorders (IMARD) Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Madeleine J Groom
- Academic Unit of Mental Health & Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Elizabeth Shephard
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK; Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Carruthers S, Michelini G, Kitsune V, Hosang GM, Brandeis D, Asherson P, Kuntsi J. Early neurophysiological stimulus processing during a performance-monitoring task differentiates women with bipolar disorder from women with ADHD. Psychiatry Res 2021; 303:114088. [PMID: 34252636 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or bipolar disorder (BD) may display similar cognitive impairments and clinical symptoms, which might reflect shared mechanisms. Initial evidence indicates disorder-specific and overlapping neurophysiological alterations using event-related potentials (ERPs) in individuals with BD or ADHD during attentional tasks, but it is unknown whether impairments generalize across other processes and tasks. We conduct the first comparison between women with ADHD (n = 20), women with BD (n = 20) and control women (n = 20) on ERPs from a performance-monitoring flanker task. The BD group showed a significantly attenuated frontal ERP of conflict monitoring (N2) compared to the ADHD group across both low-conflict (congruent) and high-conflict (incongruent) task conditions, and compared to controls in the high-conflict condition. However, when controlling for an earlier attentional ERP (frontal N1), which was significantly reduced in participants with BD compared to participants with ADHD and controls, N2 group differences were no longer significant. These results indicate that ERP differences in conflict monitoring may be attributable to differences in earlier attentional processes. These findings identify neural differences in early attention between BD and ADHD which precede conflict monitoring processes, potentially pointing to distinct neural mechanisms implicated in the two disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Carruthers
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, UK; Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, UK
| | - Giorgia Michelini
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, UK; Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Viryanaga Kitsune
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, UK
| | - Georgina M Hosang
- Centre for Psychiatry, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
| | - Daniel Brandeis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philip Asherson
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, UK
| | - Jonna Kuntsi
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chidharom M, Krieg J, Pham BT, Bonnefond A. Conjoint fluctuations of PFC-mediated processes and behavior: An investigation of error-related neural mechanisms in relation to sustained attention. Cortex 2021; 143:69-79. [PMID: 34391083 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2021.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The ability to detect errors, which derives from the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), is crucial to maintain attention over a long period of time. While impairment of this ability has been reported in patients with sustained attention disruption, the role mPFC-mediated processes play in the intra-individual fluctuation of sustained attention remains an open question. In this context, we computed the variance time course of reaction time (RT) of 42 healthy individuals to distinguish intra-individual periods of low and high performance instability, assumed to represent optimal and suboptimal attentional states, when performing a sustained Go/NoGo task. Analysis of the neurophysiological mechanisms of response monitoring revealed a specific reduction in the error-related negativity (ERN) amplitude and frontal midline theta power during periods of high compared to low RT variability, but only in individuals with a higher standard deviation of reaction time (SD-RT). Concerning post-error adaptation, an increase in the correct-related negativity (CRN) amplitude as well as the frontal lateral theta power on trials following errors was observed in individuals with lower SD-RT but not in those with higher SD-RT. Our results thus show that individuals with poor sustained attention ability exhibit altered post-error adaptation and attentional state-dependent efficiency of error monitoring. Conversely, individuals with good sustained attention performances retained their post-error adaptation and response monitoring regardless of the attentional periods. These findings reveal the critical role of the action-monitoring system in intra-individual behavioral stability and highlight the importance of considering attentional states when studying mPFC-mediated processes, especially in subjects with low sustained attention ability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Chidharom
- INSERM U1114, Strasbourg, France; University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Julien Krieg
- INSERM U1114, Strasbourg, France; University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Bich-Thuy Pham
- INSERM U1114, Strasbourg, France; University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Anne Bonnefond
- INSERM U1114, Strasbourg, France; University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kim JS, Lee YJ, Shim SH. What Event-Related Potential Tells Us about Brain Function: Child-Adolescent Psychiatric Perspectives. Soa Chongsonyon Chongsin Uihak 2021; 32:93-98. [PMID: 34285633 PMCID: PMC8262973 DOI: 10.5765/jkacap.210012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Electroencephalography (EEG) measures neural activation due to various cognitive processes. EEG and event-related potentials (ERPs) are widely used in studies investigating psychopathology and neural substrates of psychiatric diseases in children and adolescents. The present study aimed to review recent ERP studies in child and adolescent psychiatry. ERPs are non-invasive methods for studying synaptic functions in the brain. ERP might be a candidate biomarker in child-adolescent psychiatry, considering its ability to reflect cognitive and behavioral functions in humans. For the EEG study of psychiatric diseases in children and adolescents, several ERP components have been used, such as mismatch negativity, P300, error-related negativity (ERN), and reward positivity (RewP). Regarding executive functions and inhibition in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), P300 latency, and ERN were significantly different in patients with ADHD compared to those in the healthy population. ERN showed meaningful changes in patients with anxiety disorders, such as generalized anxiety disorder, separation anxiety disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Patients with depression showed significantly attenuated RewP compared to the healthy population, which was related to the symptoms of anhedonia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Sun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Yeon Jung Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se-Hoon Shim
- Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Atypical Mediofrontal Theta Oscillations Underlying Cognitive Control in Kindergarteners With Autism Spectrum Disorder. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2021; 7:566-575. [PMID: 33866025 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2021.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often exhibit deficits in cognitive control. Neuroimaging approaches have implicated disruptions to mediofrontal cortex structure and function. However, previous work is limited in testing whether young children with ASD exhibit disruptions to task-related theta oscillations thought to arise from the mediofrontal cortex. METHODS Children with ASD (n = 43) and age- and sex-matched typically developing peers (n = 24) at kindergarten entry performed a child-friendly Go/NoGo task while 64-channel electroencephalography was recorded. Time-frequency approaches were employed to assess the magnitude of mediofrontal theta oscillations immediately after error (vs. correct) responses (early theta) as well as later emerging theta oscillations (late theta). We tested whether error-related mediofrontal theta oscillations differed as a function of diagnosis (ASD/typical) and timing (early/late theta). In addition, links to social and academic outcomes were tested. RESULTS Overall, children showed increased theta power after error versus correct responses. Compared with typically developing children, children with ASD exhibited a selective reduction in error-related mediofrontal theta power during the late time window. There were no significant group differences for early theta power. Moreover, reduced error-related theta power during the late, but not early, time window significantly predicted poorer academic and social skills. CONCLUSIONS Kindergarteners with ASD demonstrated a selective reduction in error-related mediofrontal theta power during a relatively late time window, which is consistent with impairments in specific cognitive processes that recruit top-down control. Targeting these particular cognitive control processes via intervention prior to school entry may promote more successful functional outcomes for children with ASD.
Collapse
|
24
|
Ostlund BD, Alperin BR, Drew T, Karalunas SL. Behavioral and cognitive correlates of the aperiodic (1/f-like) exponent of the EEG power spectrum in adolescents with and without ADHD. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2021; 48:100931. [PMID: 33535138 PMCID: PMC7856425 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2021.100931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient information processing facilitates cognition and may be disrupted in a number of neurodevelopmental conditions. And yet, the role of inefficient information processing and its neural underpinnings remains poorly understood. In the current study, we examined the cognitive and behavioral correlates of the aperiodic exponent of the electroencephalogram (EEG) power spectrum, a putative marker of disrupted, inefficient neural communication, in a sample of adolescents with and without ADHD (n = 184 nADHD = 87; Mage = 13.95 years, SD = 1.36). Exponents were calculated via FOOOF (Donoghue et al., 2020a) from EEG data recorded during an 8-minute baseline episode. Reaction time speed and variability, as well as drift diffusion parameters (including the drift rate parameter, a cognitive parameter directly related to inefficient information processing) were calculated. Adolescents with ADHD had smaller aperiodic exponents (a "flattened" EEG power spectrum) relative to their typically-developing peers. After controlling for ADHD, aperiodic exponents were related to reaction time variability and the drift rate parameter, but not in the expected direction. Our findings lend support for the aperiodic exponent as a neural correlate of disrupted information processing, and provide insight into the role of cortical excitation/inhibition imbalance in the pathophysiology of ADHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brendan D Ostlund
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, United States.
| | | | - Trafton Drew
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, United States
| | - Sarah L Karalunas
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Barth B, Rohe T, Deppermann S, Fallgatter AJ, Ehlis AC. Neural oscillatory responses to performance monitoring differ between high- and low-impulsive individuals, but are unaffected by TMS. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:2416-2433. [PMID: 33605509 PMCID: PMC8090766 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Higher impulsivity may arise from neurophysiological deficits of cognitive control in the prefrontal cortex. Cognitive control can be assessed by time‐frequency decompositions of electrophysiological data. We aimed to clarify neuroelectric mechanisms of performance monitoring in connection with impulsiveness during a modified Eriksen flanker task in high‐ (n = 24) and low‐impulsive subjects (n = 21) and whether these are modulated by double‐blind, sham‐controlled intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS). We found a larger error‐specific peri‐response beta power decrease over fronto‐central sites in high‐impulsive compared to low‐impulsive participants, presumably indexing less effective motor execution processes. Lower parieto‐occipital theta intertrial phase coherence (ITPC) preceding correct responses predicted higher reaction time (RT) and higher RT variability, potentially reflecting efficacy of cognitive control or general attention. Single‐trial preresponse theta phase clustering was coupled to RT in correct trials (weighted ITPC), reflecting oscillatory dynamics that predict trial‐specific behavior. iTBS did not modulate behavior or EEG time‐frequency power. Performance monitoring was associated with time‐frequency patterns reflecting cognitive control (parieto‐occipital theta ITPC, theta weighted ITPC) as well as differential action planning/execution processes linked to trait impulsivity (frontal low beta power). Beyond that, results suggest no stimulation effect related to response‐locked time‐frequency dynamics with the current stimulation protocol. Neural oscillatory responses to performance monitoring differ between high‐ and low‐impulsive individuals, but are unaffected by iTBS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatrix Barth
- Psychophysiology and Optical Imaging, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Tim Rohe
- Psychophysiology and Optical Imaging, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Department of Psychology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Saskia Deppermann
- Psychophysiology and Optical Imaging, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Jochen Fallgatter
- Psychophysiology and Optical Imaging, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,LEAD Graduate School & Research Network, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN), University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ann-Christine Ehlis
- Psychophysiology and Optical Imaging, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,LEAD Graduate School & Research Network, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Gyurkovics M, Levita L. Dynamic Adjustments of Midfrontal Control Signals in Adults and Adolescents. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:795-808. [PMID: 33026426 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During task performance, our level of cognitive control is dynamically adjusted to task demands as reflected, for example, by the congruency sequence effect (CSE) in conflict tasks. Although brain areas related to cognitive control show protracted maturation across adolescence, previous studies found that adolescents show similar behavioral CSEs to adults. In the present study, we investigated whether there are age-related changes in the neural underpinnings of dynamic control adjustments using electroencephalography. Early adolescents (ages 12-14, N = 30) and young adults (ages 25-27, N = 29) completed a confound-minimized flanker task optimized for the detection of sequential control adjustments. The CSE was observed in midfrontal theta power thought to capture anterior cingulate cortex-mediated monitoring processes but was not modulated significantly by age. Adolescents, however, showed a smaller congruency effect in the power and cross-trial temporal consistency of midfrontal theta oscillations than adults. No age differences were observed in phase-based connectivity between midfrontal and lateral frontal regions in the theta band. These findings provide strong support for the role of midfrontal theta oscillations in conflict monitoring and reactive control and suggest that the cognitive system of early adolescents initially responds less reliably to the occurrence of conflict than that of adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mate Gyurkovics
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Liat Levita
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Michelini G, Cheung CHM, Kitsune V, Brandeis D, Banaschewski T, McLoughlin G, Asherson P, Rijsdijk F, Kuntsi J. The Etiological Structure of Cognitive-Neurophysiological Impairments in ADHD in Adolescence and Young Adulthood. J Atten Disord 2021; 25:91-104. [PMID: 29720024 PMCID: PMC7750664 DOI: 10.1177/1087054718771191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Previous studies in children with ADHD identified two partially separable familial factors underlying cognitive dysfunction, but evidence in adolescents and adults is lacking. Here, we investigate the etiological structure of cognitive-neurophysiological impairments in ADHD in adolescents and young adults. Method: Factor analyses and multivariate familial models were run in 356 participants from ADHD and control sibling pairs aged 11 to 27 years on data on IQ, digit span forward (DSF) and backward (DSB), and cognitive-performance and event-related potential (ERP) measures from three cognitive tasks. Results: Three familial factors (cF1-3), showing substantial familial overlap with ADHD, captured the familial covariation of ADHD with nine cognitive-ERP measures. cF1 loaded on IQ, mean reaction time (MRT), and reaction-time variability (RTV); cF2 on DSF and DSB; and cF3 on number of errors and ERPs of inhibition and error processing. Conclusion: These results identify three partially separable etiological pathways leading to cognitive-neurophysiological impairments in adolescent and adult ADHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Daniel Brandeis
- Heidelberg University, Mannheim,
Germany,University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Jonna Kuntsi
- King’s College London, UK,Jonna Kuntsi, King’s College London, Social,
Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry,
Psychology & Neuroscience, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hilger K, Sassenhagen J, Kühnhausen J, Reuter M, Schwarz U, Gawrilow C, Fiebach CJ. Neurophysiological markers of ADHD symptoms in typically-developing children. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22460. [PMID: 33384437 PMCID: PMC7775445 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80562-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are characterized by symptoms of inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Neurophysiological correlates of ADHD include changes in the P3 component of event-related brain potentials (ERPs). Motivated by recent advances towards a more dimensional understanding of ADHD, we investigate whether ADHD-related ERP markers relate to continuous variations in attention and executive functioning also in typically-developing children. ERPs were measured while 31 school children (9-11 years) completed an adapted version of the Continuous Performance Task that additionally to inhibitory processes also isolates effects of physical stimulus salience. Children with higher levels of parent-reported ADHD symptoms did not differ in task performance, but exhibited smaller P3 amplitudes related to stimulus salience. Furthermore, ADHD symptoms were associated with the variability of neural responses over time: Children with higher levels of ADHD symptoms demonstrated lower variability in inhibition- and salience-related P3 amplitudes. No effects were observed for ERP latencies and the salience-related N2. By demonstrating that ADHD-associated neurophysiological mechanisms of inhibition and salience processing covary with attention and executive functioning in a children community sample, our study provides neurophysiological support for dimensional models of ADHD. Also, temporal variability in event-related potentials is highlighted as additional indicator of ADHD requiring further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Hilger
- Department of Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. .,Department of Psychology I, University Würzburg, Marcusstr. 9-11, 97070, Würzburg, Germany. .,IDeA Center for Individual Development and Adaptive Education, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Jona Sassenhagen
- Department of Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jan Kühnhausen
- IDeA Center for Individual Development and Adaptive Education, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,LEAD Graduate School and Research Network, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy in Childhood and Adolescence, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Merle Reuter
- IDeA Center for Individual Development and Adaptive Education, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Department of Psychology, University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Schwarz
- IDeA Center for Individual Development and Adaptive Education, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Department of Psychology, University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Caterina Gawrilow
- IDeA Center for Individual Development and Adaptive Education, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Department of Psychology, University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian J Fiebach
- Department of Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,IDeA Center for Individual Development and Adaptive Education, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Brain Imaging Center, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chidharom M, Krieg J, Bonnefond A. Impaired Frontal Midline Theta During Periods of High Reaction Time Variability in Schizophrenia. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2020; 6:429-438. [PMID: 33431347 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impairment in cognitive control is one of the most significant cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. Although it has generally been associated with altered engagement of lateral and medial prefrontal cortices, how attention fluctuations affect this engagement is still not known. In this context, we explored sustained (or proactive) and transient (or reactive) control engagement by investigating frontal theta-band oscillations during periods of low- and high-performance instability, assumed to represent intraindividual attentional fluctuations. METHODS A total of 25 patients with schizophrenia (16 males) and 25 healthy matched control subjects (18 males) performed a long-sustained Go/NoGo task coupled with electroencephalographic recording. Proactive control was explored through frontal lateral theta during trial-by-trial conflict (Go N-1/Go N+1), whereas reactive control was explored through frontal midline theta and the N2 component during current-trial conflict (Go/NoGo). Variance in the time course of reaction time (RT) was computed to identify periods of low and high RT variability in each subject. RESULTS Patients with schizophrenia exhibited no frontal lateral theta activity regardless of the RT variability periods, whereas in control subjects, this activity was preserved only during periods of low RT variability (less error prone). During these periods, patients exhibited preserved midline frontal theta activity and N2. However, during high RT variability periods (more error prone), the midline theta activity was impaired in patients but preserved in control subjects. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal that the efficient engagement of reactive control in patients with schizophrenia and of proactive control in control subjects was state dependent. The findings highlight the importance of accounting for attentional fluctuations when investigating cognitive control impairment in schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Chidharom
- Unit 1114, French Institute of Health and Medical Research, and Psychiatry Department, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Julien Krieg
- Unit 1114, French Institute of Health and Medical Research, and Psychiatry Department, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Anne Bonnefond
- Unit 1114, French Institute of Health and Medical Research, and Psychiatry Department, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Bozhilova N, Cooper R, Kuntsi J, Asherson P, Michelini G. Electrophysiological correlates of spontaneous mind wandering in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Behav Brain Res 2020; 391:112632. [PMID: 32361038 PMCID: PMC7303944 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We recently hypothesised that increased spontaneous mind wandering (MW-S) reflects a core process underlying attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Previous studies show that individuals with ADHD and neurotypical individuals with increased MW-S display similar cognitive-performance and electrophysiological (EEG) impairments in attentional processes. However, the cognitive-EEG markers associated with increased MW-S in ADHD remain poorly understood. We therefore investigated such markers in a sample of 69 sex- and age-matched adults with ADHD and 29 controls during the Sustained Attention to Response Task. We compared task performance and EEG measures (P3, time-frequency brain-oscillations) of attentional processes between groups, and examined their association with a validated self-report questionnaire of MW-S. Finally, we tested the hypothesis that MW-S and ADHD diagnosis relate to the same cognitive-EEG impairments using a hierarchical regression model. Compared to controls, adults with ADHD showed attenuations in P3, event-related alpha and beta suppression during response inhibition (No-Go trials), and theta power activations during response execution (Go trials), as well as increased reaction time variability and more commission/omission errors. MW-S was also continuously associated with most cognitive-EEG measures related to ADHD. The hierarchical regressions on measures associated with both ADHD diagnosis and MW-S showed that MW-S did not explain additional variance in the cognitive-EEG markers (except for beta suppression) beyond ADHD diagnosis, and vice versa. These findings are consistent with our hypothesis that ADHD diagnosis and MW-S share common neural deficits, and that MW-S may reflect a core symptom of the disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natali Bozhilova
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, United Kingdom.
| | - Ruth Cooper
- Newham Centre for Mental Health, Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonna Kuntsi
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Asherson
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, United Kingdom.
| | - Giorgia Michelini
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, United Kingdom; Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 9002/4, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Earlier versus later cognitive event-related potentials (ERPs) in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): A meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 112:117-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
32
|
Uter J, Heldmann M, Rogge B, Obst M, Steinhardt J, Brabant G, Moran C, Chatterjee K, Münte TF. Patients with mutations of the Thyroid hormone beta-receptor show an ADHD-like phenotype for performance monitoring: an electrophysiological study. Neuroimage Clin 2020; 26:102250. [PMID: 32217468 PMCID: PMC7109456 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to thyroid hormone beta (RTHβ) is a syndrome of reduced responsiveness of peripheral tissue to thyroid hormone, caused by mutations in the thyroid hormone receptor beta (THRB). Its cognitive phenotype has been reported to be similar to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study used electrophysiological biomarkers of performance monitoring in RTHβ to contribute further evidence on its phenotypical similarity to ADHD. Twenty-one participants with RTHβ aged 18-67 years and 21 matched healthy controls performed a modified flanker task during EEG recording. The RTHβ and control groups were compared on behavioural measures and components of event related potentials (ERPs), i.e. the error related negativity (ERN), the error positivity (Pe) and P3 component. There were no significant group differences with regard to behaviour. RTHβ subjects displayed significantly reduced ERN and Pe amplitudes compared to the controls in the response-locked ERPs. In addition, we observed reduced P3 amplitudes in both congruent and incongruent trials, as well as prolonged P3 latencies in RTHβ subjects in the stimulus-locked ERPs. Our findings reveal alterations in error detection and performance monitoring of RTHβ patients, likely indicating reduced error awareness. The electrophysiological phenotype of RTHß subjects with regard to action monitoring is indistinguishable from ADHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Uter
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Marcus Heldmann
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Psychology II, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Berenike Rogge
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Martina Obst
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Georg Brabant
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Carla Moran
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Thomas F Münte
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Psychology II, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Behavioral and Electrophysiological Correlates of Performance Monitoring and Development in Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10020079. [PMID: 32024242 PMCID: PMC7071615 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10020079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) involves deficits in performance monitoring and adaptive adjustments. Yet, the developmental trajectory and underlying neural correlates of performance monitoring deficits in youth with ADHD remain poorly understood. To address the gap, this study recruited 77 children and adolescents with ADHD and 77 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HC), ages 8–18 years, who performed an arrow flanker task during electroencephalogram recording. Compared to HC, participants with ADHD responded more slowly and showed larger reaction time variability (RTV) and reduced post-error slowing; they also exhibited reduced error-related negativity (ERN) and error positivity effects, and reduced N2 and P3 congruency effects. Age effects were observed across groups: with increasing age, participants responded faster, with less variability, and with increased post-error slowing. They also exhibited increased ERN effects and increased N2 and P3 congruency effects. Increased RTV and reduced P3 amplitude in incongruent trials were associated with increased ADHD Problems Scale scores on the Child Behavior Checklist across groups. The altered behavioral and ERP responses in ADHD are consistent with the pattern associated with younger age across groups. Further research with a longitudinal design may determine specific aspects of developmental alteration and deficits in ADHD during performance monitoring.
Collapse
|
34
|
Keute M, Stenner MP, Mueller MK, Zaehle T, Krauel K. Error-Related Dynamics of Reaction Time and Frontal Midline Theta Activity in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) During a Subliminal Motor Priming Task. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:381. [PMID: 31736729 PMCID: PMC6828612 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-error slowing (PES) is an established performance monitoring readout. Several previous studies have found that PES is reduced in children and adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We analyzed reaction time data, along with electroencephalography (EEG) data, from a response priming experiment in children and adolescents with ADHD (N = 28) and typically developing (TD) controls (N = 15) between 10 and 17 years of age. We report dynamic reaction time changes before and after errors: whereas TD controls readjusted their response speed to their individual average speed after committing an error, this reaction time adjustment appeared to be delayed and decreased in ADHD patients. In the EEG, error trials were accompanied by increased frontal midline theta activity, which was attenuated in ADHD compared to TD. We conclude that PES has a different time course rather than being fully absent in ADHD and discuss relationships with our EEG findings and potential implications for performance monitoring in ADHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marius Keute
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Max-Philipp Stenner
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Behavioral Neurology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Tino Zaehle
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Krauel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Meyer A, Hajcak G. A review examining the relationship between individual differences in the error-related negativity and cognitive control. Int J Psychophysiol 2019; 144:7-13. [PMID: 31362030 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Greg Hajcak
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Fosco WD, Kofler MJ, Alderson RM, Tarle SJ, Raiker JS, Sarver DE. Inhibitory Control and Information Processing in ADHD: Comparing the Dual Task and Performance Adjustment Hypotheses. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 47:961-974. [PMID: 30547312 PMCID: PMC6698914 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-018-0504-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition is a key neurocognitive domain in ADHD that is commonly assessed with the stop-signal task. The stop-signal involves both "go" and "stop" trials; previous research indicates that response times are reliably slower to "go" trials during tasks with vs. without intermittent "stop" trials. However, it is unclear whether this pattern reflects deliberate slowing to maximize inhibitory success (performance adjustment hypothesis) and/or disrupted bottom-up information processing due to increased cognitive demands (dual-task hypothesis). Given the centrality of "go" responding for estimating children's inhibitory speed, finding that children with ADHD slow differently -or for different reasons- has the potential to inform cognitive and self-regulatory theories of ADHD. The current study used a carefully-controlled experimental design to assess the mechanisms underlying stop signal-related slowing in ADHD. Children ages 8-13 with (n = 81) and without ADHD (n = 63) completed the stop-signal task and a control task that differed only in the presence/absence of "stop" trials. Using drift-diffusion modeling, Bayesian repeated-measures ANOVAs revealed a pattern consistent with the performance adjustment hypothesis, such that children adopted more cautious response strategies (BF10 = 6221.78; d = 0.38) but did not show changes in processing speed (BF01 = 3.08; d = 0.12) or encoding/motor speed (BF01 = 5.73; d = 0.07) when inhibition demands were introduced. Importantly, the ADHD/Non-ADHD groups showed equivalent effects of intermittent "stop" trials (BF01 = 4.30-5.56). These findings suggest intact self-regulation/performance monitoring in the context of adapting to increased inhibitory demands in ADHD, which has important implications for the continued isolation of potential mechanisms associated with ADHD symptoms and impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Whitney D Fosco
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Michael J Kofler
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - R Matt Alderson
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Stephanie J Tarle
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Joseph S Raiker
- Department of Psychology, Center for Children & Families, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Dustin E Sarver
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Advancement of Youth, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Sibalis A, Milligan K, Pun C, McKeough T, Schmidt LA, Segalowitz SJ. An EEG Investigation of the Attention-Related Impact of Mindfulness Training in Youth With ADHD: Outcomes and Methodological Considerations. J Atten Disord 2019; 23:733-743. [PMID: 28748735 DOI: 10.1177/1087054717719535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study examined the impact of an activity-based mindfulness treatment on EEG indices of attention in youth with ADHD aged 11 to 17 years compared with a waitlist control group. METHOD Pre- and post-treatment, EEG was recorded as participants completed a single-point focus rest task and two active attention tasks. Theta power, beta power, and theta/beta ratio (TBR) were calculated during each task. RESULTS A significant group by time by task interaction was found that indicated significant improvement in attentional ability, indexed by decreased TBR, for the treatment group but not controls. CONCLUSION Findings support the benefit of mindfulness treatment for enhancing attentional control in youth with ADHD and extend the literature by providing evidence of these gains at a neural level. Findings also offer methodological support for the use of active attention tasks when examining mindfulness-related attentional gains in youth with ADHD. Directions for future research are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carson Pun
- 1 Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Lau-Zhu A, Fritz A, McLoughlin G. Overlaps and distinctions between attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder in young adulthood: Systematic review and guiding framework for EEG-imaging research. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 96:93-115. [PMID: 30367918 PMCID: PMC6331660 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorders (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) frequently co-occur. However, we know little about the neural basis of the overlaps and distinctions between these disorders, particularly in young adulthood - a critical time window for brain plasticity across executive and socioemotional domains. Here, we systematically review 75 articles investigating ADHD and ASD in young adult samples (mean ages 16-26) using cognitive tasks, with neural activity concurrently measured via electroencephalography (EEG) - the most accessible neuroimaging technology. The majority of studies focused on event-related potentials (ERPs), with some beginning to capitalise on oscillatory approaches. Overlapping and specific profiles for ASD and ADHD were found mainly for four neurocognitive domains: attention processing, performance monitoring, face processing and sensory processing. No studies in this age group directly compared both disorders or considered dual diagnosis with both disorders. Moving forward, understanding of ADHD, ASD and their overlap in young adulthood would benefit from an increased focus on cross-disorder comparisons, using similar paradigms and in well-powered samples and longitudinal cohorts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Lau-Zhu
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Anne Fritz
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gráinne McLoughlin
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ehlis AC, Deppermann S, Fallgatter AJ. Performance monitoring and post-error adjustments in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: an EEG analysis. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2018; 43:396-406. [PMID: 30375834 PMCID: PMC6203547 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.170118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, research into attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has focused increasingly on its neurobiological underpinnings, revealing (among other things) frontal lobe alterations. Specifically, action-monitoring deficits have been described, including impaired behavioural adjustments following errors. Our aim was to examine the neurophysiological background of post-error behavioural alterations in an adult ADHD sample for the first time, hypothesizing that people with ADHD would differ from controls in neurophysiological markers of cognitive preparation and stimulus processing, specifically following errors. METHODS In total, 34 people with ADHD and 34 controls participated in an electroencephalography measurement while performing a flanker task. The final number of electroencephalography samples included in the analyses ranged from 23 to 28. We recorded event-related potentials for the erroneous response itself (error-related negativity) and for events following errors (intertrial interval: contingent negative variation; next flanker stimulus: P300). RESULTS Over frontal electrode sites, error-related negativity amplitudes were significantly reduced in people with ADHD across response conditions. Both groups showed reduced P300 amplitudes on flanker stimuli following errors. Moreover, during the intertrial interval, patients exhibited significantly reduced contingent negative variation, specifically following errors. At the behavioural level, we observed no significant group differences in post-error data. LIMITATIONS Only adults were examined (no longitudinal data). CONCLUSION Based on previous reports of post-error behavioural alterations in childhood samples, we conclude that people with ADHD develop compensatory strategies across the lifespan that lead to inconspicuous post-error behaviour in adulthood. Neurophysiologically, however, subtle alterations remain, indicating a perseverance of at least some frontal lobe deficits in people with ADHD who are partially medicated, particularly with respect to action-monitoring and post-error adaptation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Christine Ehlis
- From the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (Ehlis, Deppermann, Fallgatter); the Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (Fallgatter); and the LEAD Graduate School and Research Network, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (Ehlis, Fallgatter)
| | - Saskia Deppermann
- From the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (Ehlis, Deppermann, Fallgatter); the Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (Fallgatter); and the LEAD Graduate School and Research Network, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (Ehlis, Fallgatter)
| | - Andreas J. Fallgatter
- From the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (Ehlis, Deppermann, Fallgatter); the Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (Fallgatter); and the LEAD Graduate School and Research Network, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (Ehlis, Fallgatter)
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Liao YC, Guo NW, Chen SJ, Tsai HF, Fang JH, Chen JJ, Su BY. The Significance of Impulsive Error in Children With ADHD. Clin EEG Neurosci 2018; 49:295-301. [PMID: 29161891 DOI: 10.1177/1550059417742297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A deficit of inhibition ability is a neuropsychological problem in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We investigated whether in children who made impulsive error (IE), less error-related negativity (ERN) would correlate with poorer executive attention functions (EAFs). Ninety children (49 with ADHD and 41 without ADHD) were investigated by a 4-minute simple reaction time task and simultaneous electroencephalogram. When they made IE, the ERN in response-locked event-related potential (ERP) was defined as error awareness. The average area under curve of ERN in the control group with IEs was used as the proper criterion for regrouping the children with ADHD into 2 groups: ADHD children with enough ERN (ADHD-enough ERN) and those with less ERN (ADHD-less ERN). EAFs from Comprehensive Nonverbal Attention Test were used as objective indices, and behavioral questionnaires were used as subjective indices and statistically analyzed within ADHD groups. Forty-eight percent of the children made IEs. ADHD(n = 31, 63%) was significantly more than in the control group (n = 12, 29%; P < .001). The ADHD group had significantly less ERN than did the control group while making IE, especially at frontal and central electrodes ( P < .01). Both ADHD-less ERN and ADHD-enough ERN groups had poorer subjective EAFs on questionnaires. Only the ADHD-less ERN group had significant poorer objective EAFs on the Comprehensive Nonverbal Attention Test than did the ADHD without IE. We conclude that investigating the IE and ERN of IE in children with ADHD might help to differentiate subtypes of ADHD with different neuropsychological abilities, and the possibility that ADHD-less ERN children might be confirmed a meaningful subgroup that needs close follow-up, treatments different from standard, or both.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chi Liao
- 1 Institute of Allied Health Science, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan.,2 Jainan Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Wen Guo
- 1 Institute of Allied Health Science, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Jhih-Hong Fang
- 5 Department of BioMedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Jin Chen
- 5 Department of BioMedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
| | - Bei-Yi Su
- 1 Institute of Allied Health Science, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Michelini G, Kitsune V, Vainieri I, Hosang GM, Brandeis D, Asherson P, Kuntsi J. Shared and Disorder-Specific Event-Related Brain Oscillatory Markers of Attentional Dysfunction in ADHD and Bipolar Disorder. Brain Topogr 2018; 31:672-689. [PMID: 29417321 PMCID: PMC5999167 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-018-0625-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and bipolar disorder (BD) often present with overlapping symptoms and cognitive impairments, such as increased fluctuations in attentional performance measured by increased reaction-time variability (RTV). We previously provided initial evidence of shared and distinct event-related potential (ERP) impairments in ADHD and BD in a direct electrophysiological comparison, but no study to date has compared neural mechanisms underlying attentional impairments with finer-grained brain oscillatory markers. Here, we aimed to compare the neural underpinnings of impaired attentional processes in ADHD and BD, by examining event-related brain oscillations during a reaction-time task under slow-unrewarded baseline and fast-incentive conditions. We measured cognitive performance, ERPs and brain-oscillatory modulations of power and phase variability in 20 women with ADHD, 20 women with BD (currently euthymic) and 20 control women. Compared to controls, both ADHD and BD groups showed increased RTV in the baseline condition and increased RTV, theta phase variability and lower contingent negative variation in the fast-incentive condition. Unlike controls, neither clinical group showed an improvement from the slow-unrewarded baseline to the fast-incentive condition in attentional P3 amplitude or alpha power suppression. Most impairments did not differ between the disorders, as only an adjustment in beta suppression between conditions (lower in the ADHD group) distinguished between the clinical groups. These findings suggest shared impairments in women with ADHD and BD in cognitive and neural variability, preparatory activity and inability to adjust attention allocation and activation. These overlapping impairments may represent shared neurobiological mechanisms of attentional dysfunction in ADHD and BD, and potentially underlie common symptoms in both disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Michelini
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Viryanaga Kitsune
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Isabella Vainieri
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Georgina M Hosang
- Centre for Psychiatry, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
| | - Daniel Brandeis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philip Asherson
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Jonna Kuntsi
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Chronaki G, Soltesz F, Benikos N, Sonuga-Barke EJS. An electrophysiological investigation of reinforcement effects in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Dissociating cue sensitivity from down-stream effects on target engagement and performance. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2017; 28:12-20. [PMID: 29080475 PMCID: PMC6987869 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Neural hypo-sensitivity to cues predicting positive reinforcement has been observed in ADHD using the Monetary Incentive Delay (MID) task. Here we report the first study using an electrophysiological analogue of this task to distinguish between (i) cue related anticipation of reinforcement and downstream effects on (ii) target engagement and (iii) performance in a clinical sample of adolescents with ADHD and controls. Methods Thirty-one controls and 32 adolescents with ADHD aged 10–16 years performed the electrophysiological (e)-MID task − in which preparatory cues signal whether a response to an upcoming target will be reinforced or not − under three conditions; positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement (response cost) and no consequence (neutral). We extracted values for both cue-related potentials known to be, both, associated with response preparation and modulated by reinforcement (Cue P3 and Cue CNV) and target-related potentials (target P3) and compared these between ADHD and controls. Results ADHD and controls did not differ on cue-related components on neutral trials. Against expectation, adolescents with ADHD displayed Cue P3 and Cue CNV reinforcement-related enhancement (versus neutral trials) compared to controls. ADHD individuals displayed smaller target P3 amplitudes and slower and more variable performance − but effects were not modulated by reinforcement contingencies. When age, IQ and conduct problems were controlled effects were marginally significant but the pattern of results did not change. Discussion ADHD was associated with hypersensitivity to positive (and marginally negative) reinforcement reflected on components often thought to be associated with response preparation − however these did not translate into improved attention to targets. In the case of ADHD, upregulated CNV may be a specific marker of hyper-arousal rather than an enhancement of anticipatory attention to upcoming targets. Future studies should examine the effects of age, IQ and conduct problems on reinforcement sensitivity in ADHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Chronaki
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience (DCN) Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Central Lancashire, UK; Developmental Brain-Behaviour Laboratory, Psychology, University of Southampton, UK; Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Fruzsina Soltesz
- Developmental Brain-Behaviour Laboratory, Psychology, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Nicholas Benikos
- Department of Cognitive Science Australian Hearing Hub 16 University Avenue Macquarie University, NSW, 2109, UK
| | - Edmund J S Sonuga-Barke
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, UK; Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Harty S, Murphy PR, Robertson IH, O'Connell RG. Parsing the neural signatures of reduced error detection in older age. Neuroimage 2017; 161:43-55. [PMID: 28811254 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent work has demonstrated that explicit error detection relies on a neural evidence accumulation process that can be traced in the human electroencephalogram (EEG). Here, we sought to establish the impact of natural aging on this process by recording EEG from young (18-35 years) and older adults (65-88 years) during the performance of a Go/No-Go paradigm in which participants were required to overtly signal their errors. Despite performing the task with equivalent accuracy, older adults reported substantially fewer errors, and the timing of their reports were both slower and more variable. These behavioral differences were linked to three key neurophysiological changes reflecting distinct parameters of the error detection decision process: a reduction in medial frontal delta/theta (2-7 Hz) activity, indicating diminished top-down input to the decision process; a slower rate of evidence accumulation as indexed by the rate of rise of a centro-parietal signal, known as the error positivity; and a higher motor execution threshold as indexed by lateralized beta-band (16-30 Hz) activity. Our data provide novel insight into how the natural aging process affects the neural underpinnings of error detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siobhán Harty
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience and School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3UD, United Kingdom.
| | - Peter R Murphy
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience and School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ian H Robertson
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience and School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Redmond G O'Connell
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience and School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Gillan CM, Fineberg NA, Robbins TW. A trans-diagnostic perspective on obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychol Med 2017; 47:1528-1548. [PMID: 28343453 PMCID: PMC5964477 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291716002786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Progress in understanding the underlying neurobiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has stalled in part because of the considerable problem of heterogeneity within this diagnostic category, and homogeneity across other putatively discrete, diagnostic categories. As psychiatry begins to recognize the shortcomings of a purely symptom-based psychiatric nosology, new data-driven approaches have begun to be utilized with the goal of solving these problems: specifically, identifying trans-diagnostic aspects of clinical phenomenology based on their association with neurobiological processes. In this review, we describe key methodological approaches to understanding OCD from this perspective and highlight the candidate traits that have already been identified as a result of these early endeavours. We discuss how important inferences can be made from pre-existing case-control studies as well as showcasing newer methods that rely on large general population datasets to refine and validate psychiatric phenotypes. As exemplars, we take 'compulsivity' and 'anxiety', putatively trans-diagnostic symptom dimensions that are linked to well-defined neurobiological mechanisms, goal-directed learning and error-related negativity, respectively. We argue that the identification of biologically valid, more homogeneous, dimensions such as these provides renewed optimism for identifying reliable genetic contributions to OCD and other disorders, improving animal models and critically, provides a path towards a future of more targeted psychiatric treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C. M. Gillan
- Department of Psychology,
New York University, New York, NY,
USA
- Department of Psychology,
University of Cambridge, Cambridge,
UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute,
University of Cambridge, Cambridge,
UK
| | - N. A. Fineberg
- National Obsessive Compulsive Disorders Specialist
Service, Hertfordshire Partnership NHS University Foundation
Trust, UK
- Department of Postgraduate Medicine,
University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield,
UK
| | - T. W. Robbins
- Department of Psychology,
University of Cambridge, Cambridge,
UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute,
University of Cambridge, Cambridge,
UK
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Tye C, Bedford R, Asherson P, Ashwood KL, Azadi B, Bolton P, McLoughlin G. Callous-unemotional traits moderate executive function in children with ASD and ADHD: A pilot event-related potential study. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2017; 26:84-90. [PMID: 28654838 PMCID: PMC5569583 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Children with ASD and ADHD show varied and heterogeneous executive function (EF) profiles. Typical or enhanced EF has been demonstrated in individuals with callous-unemotional (CU) traits. We investigated the effect of CU traits on event-related potential (ERP) responses during a cued continuous performance test (CPT-OX) in children with ASD, ADHD and co-occurring ASD + ADHD. Children with ASD and high CU traits showed better conflict monitoring compared to children with ASD and low CU traits. Increased CU traits may be associated with cognitive strengths in children with ASD.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are associated with varied executive function (EF) difficulties. Callous-unemotional (CU) traits, a proposed antecedent of adult psychopathy, are often associated with intact or enhanced EF. Here we test whether CU traits may therefore modulate EF in ASD and ADHD, in which EF is typically impaired. We collected CU traits and measured event-related potentials (ERPs) that index EF during a cued-continuous performance test (CPT-OX) in boys with ASD, ADHD, comorbid ASD + ADHD and typical controls. We examined attentional orienting at cues (Cue-P3), inhibitory processing at non-targets (NoGo-P3) and conflict monitoring between target and non-target trials (Go-N2 vs. NoGo-N2). In children with ASD, higher CU traits were associated with an enhanced increase in N2 amplitude in NoGo trials compared to Go trials, which suggests relatively superior conflict monitoring and a potential cognitive strength associated with CU traits. The results emphasise the importance of considering the effects of co-occurring traits in the assessment of heterogeneity of EF profiles in neurodevelopmental disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Tye
- King's College London, MRC SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, United Kingdom; King's College London, Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, United Kingdom.
| | - R Bedford
- King's College London, Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, United Kingdom
| | - P Asherson
- King's College London, MRC SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, United Kingdom
| | - K L Ashwood
- King's College London, Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, United Kingdom
| | - B Azadi
- King's College London, MRC SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, United Kingdom
| | - P Bolton
- King's College London, MRC SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, United Kingdom; King's College London, Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, United Kingdom
| | - G McLoughlin
- King's College London, MRC SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Michelini G, Kitsune GL, Cheung CHM, Brandeis D, Banaschewski T, Asherson P, McLoughlin G, Kuntsi J. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Remission Is Linked to Better Neurophysiological Error Detection and Attention-Vigilance Processes. Biol Psychiatry 2016; 80:923-932. [PMID: 27591125 PMCID: PMC5120985 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The processes underlying persistence and remission of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are poorly understood. We examined whether cognitive and neurophysiological impairments on a performance-monitoring task distinguish between ADHD persisters and remitters. METHODS On average 6 years after initial assessment, 110 adolescents and young adults with childhood ADHD (87 persisters, 23 remitters) and 169 age-matched control participants were compared on cognitive-performance measures and event-related potentials of conflict monitoring (N2) and error processing (error-related negativity and positivity) from an arrow flanker task with low-conflict and high-conflict conditions. ADHD outcome was examined with parent-reported symptoms and functional impairment measures using a categorical (DSM-IV) and a dimensional approach. RESULTS ADHD persisters were impaired compared with controls on all cognitive-performance and event-related potential measures (all p < .05). ADHD remitters differed from persisters and were indistinguishable from control participants on the number of congruent (low-conflict) errors, reaction time variability, error-related negativity, and error-related positivity (all p ≤ .05). Remitters did not differ significantly from the other groups on incongruent (high-conflict) errors, mean reaction time, and N2. In dimensional analyses on all participants with childhood ADHD, ADHD symptoms and functional impairment at follow-up were significantly correlated with congruent errors, reaction time variability, and error-related positivity (r = .19-.23, p ≤ .05). CONCLUSIONS Cognitive and neurophysiological measures of attention-vigilance and error detection distinguished ADHD remitters from persisters. These results extend our previous findings with other tasks and indicate that such measures are markers of remission and candidates for the development of nonpharmacological interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Michelini
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Glenn L Kitsune
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychological Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Celeste H M Cheung
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychological Sciences, Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Brandeis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Philip Asherson
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gráinne McLoughlin
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonna Kuntsi
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Holroyd CB, Umemoto A. The research domain criteria framework: The case for anterior cingulate cortex. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 71:418-443. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
48
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Post-error slowing (PES) is a cognitive mechanism for adaptive responses to reduce the probability of error in subsequent trials after error. To date, no meta-analytic summary of individual studies has been conducted to assess whether ADHD patients differ from controls in PES. METHOD We identified 15 relevant publications, reporting 26 pairs of comparisons (ADHD, n = 1,053; healthy control, n = 614). Random-effect meta-analysis was used to determine the statistical effect size (ES) for PES. RESULTS PES was diminished in the ADHD group as compared with controls, with an ES in the medium range (Cohen's d = 0.42). Significant group difference was observed in relation to the inter-stimulus interval (ISI): While healthy participants slowed down after an error during long (3,500 ms) compared with short ISIs (1,500 ms), ADHD participants sustained or even increased their speed. CONCLUSION The pronounced group difference suggests that PES may be considered as a behavioral indicator for differentiating ADHD patients from healthy participants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Balogh
- Semmelweis University, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pál Czobor
- Semmelweis University, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Budapest, Hungary.,Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Electrophysiological indices of aberrant error-processing in adults with ADHD: a new region of interest. Brain Imaging Behav 2016; 11:1616-1628. [DOI: 10.1007/s11682-016-9610-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
50
|
Smulders SF, Soetens E, van der Molen MW. What happens when children encounter an error? Brain Cogn 2016; 104:34-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|