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Li B, Zhou X, Yao W, Lin J, Ding X, Chen Q, Huang H, Chen W, Huang X, Pan S, Xiao Y, Liu J, Liu X, Liu J. NADP-malic Enzyme OsNADP-ME2 Modulates Plant Height Involving in Gibberellin Signaling in Rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 17:52. [PMID: 39152344 PMCID: PMC11329442 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-024-00729-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Plants NADP-malic enzymes (NADP-MEs) act as a class of oxidative decarboxylase to mediate malic acid metabolism in organisms. Despite NADP-MEs have been demonstrated to play pivotal roles in regulating diverse biological processes, the role of NADP-MEs involving in plant growth and development remains rarely known. Here, we characterized the function of rice cytosolic OsNADP-ME2 in regulating plant height. The results showed that RNAi silencing and knock-out of OsNADP-ME2 in rice results in a dwarf plant structure, associating with significant expression inhibition of genes involving in phytohormone Gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis and signaling transduction, but with up-regulation for the expression of GA signaling suppressor SLR1. The accumulation of major bioactive GA1, GA4 and GA7 are evidently altered in RNAi lines, and exogenous GA treatment compromises the dwarf phenotype of OsNADP-ME2 RNAi lines. RNAi silencing of OsNADP-ME2 also causes the reduction of NADP-ME activity associating with decreased production of pyruvate. Thus, our data revealed a novel function of plant NADP-MEs in modulation of rice plant height through regulating bioactive GAs accumulation and GA signaling, and provided a valuable gene resource for rice plant architecture improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Engineering, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhou
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Engineering, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Wei Yao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Engineering, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Jinjun Lin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Engineering, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Xiaowen Ding
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Engineering, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Qianru Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Engineering, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Hao Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Engineering, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Wenfeng Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Engineering, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Xilai Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Engineering, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Sujun Pan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Engineering, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yinghui Xiao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Engineering, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Engineering, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Xionglun Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Engineering, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Jinling Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Engineering, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
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Zhang Y, Zhao Z, Liu Z, Yao J, Yin K, Yan C, Zhang Y, Liu J, Li J, Zhao N, Zhao R, Zhou X, Chen S. Populus euphratica PeNADP-ME interacts with PePLDδ to mediate sodium and ROS homeostasis under salinity stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 210:108600. [PMID: 38593488 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Populus euphratica phospholipase Dδ (PePLDδ) is transcriptionally regulated and mediates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ion homeostasis under saline conditions. The purpose of this study is to explore the post-transcriptional regulation of PePLDδ in response to salt environment. P. euphratica PePLDδ was shown to interact with the NADP-dependent malic enzyme (NADP-ME) by screening the yeast two-hybrid libraries. The transcription level of PeNADP-ME increased upon salt exposure to NaCl (200 mM) in leaves and roots of P. euphratica. PeNADP-ME had a similar subcellular location with PePLDδ in the cytoplasm, and the interaction between PeNADP-ME and PePLDδ was further verified by GST pull-down and yeast two-hybrid. To clarify whether PeNADP-ME interacts with PePLDδ to enhance salt tolerance, PePLDδ and PeNADP-ME were overexpressed singly or doubly in Arabidopsis thaliana. Dual overexpression of PeNADP-ME and PePLDδ resulted in an even more pronounced improvement in salt tolerance compared with single transformants overexpressing PeNADP-ME or PePLDδ alone. Greater Na+ limitation and Na+ efflux in roots were observed in doubly overexpressed plants compared with singly overexpressed plants with PeNADP-ME or PePLDδ. Furthermore, NaCl stimulation of SOD, APX, and POD activity and transcription were more remarkable in the doubly overexpressed plants. It is noteworthy that the enzymic activity of NADP-ME and PLD, and total phosphatidic acid (PA) concentrations were significantly higher in the double-overexpressed plants than in the single transformants. We conclude that PeNADP-ME interacts with PePLDδ in Arabidopsis to promote PLD-derived PA signaling, conferring Na+ extrusion and ROS scavenging under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ziyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jun Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, 510520, China
| | - Kexin Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Caixia Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shaoliang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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3
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Wu B, Qi F, Liang Y. Fuels for ROS signaling in plant immunity. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:1124-1131. [PMID: 37188557 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling has an important role in plant innate immune responses and is primarily mediated by NADPH oxidase, also known as respiratory burst oxidase homologs (RBOHs) in plants. NADPH serves as a fuel for RBOHs and limits the rate or amount of ROS production. Molecular regulation of RBOHs has been extensively studied; however, the source of NADPH for RBOHs has received little attention. Here, we review ROS signaling and the regulation of RBOHs in the plant immune system with a focus on NADPH regulation to achieve ROS homeostasis. We propose an idea to regulate the levels of NADPH as part of a new strategy to control ROS signaling and the corresponding downstream defense responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binyan Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fan Qi
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yan Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Pereira C, Castander-Olarieta A, Montalbán IA, Mendes VM, Correia S, Pedrosa A, Manadas B, Moncaleán P, Canhoto J. Proteomic and Metabolic Analysis of Pinus halepensis Mill. Embryonal Masses Induced under Heat Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087211. [PMID: 37108380 PMCID: PMC10139065 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the physiological and molecular adjustments occurring during tree stress response is of great importance for forest management and breeding programs. Somatic embryogenesis has been used as a model system to analyze various processes occurring during embryo development, including stress response mechanisms. In addition, "priming" plants with heat stress during somatic embryogenesis seems to favor the acquisition of plant resilience to extreme temperature conditions. In this sense, Pinus halepensis somatic embryogenesis was induced under different heat stress treatments (40 °C for 4 h, 50 °C for 30 min, and 60 °C for 5 min) and its effects on the proteome and the relative concentration of soluble sugars, sugar alcohols and amino acids of the embryonal masses obtained were assessed. Heat severely affected the production of proteins, and 27 proteins related to heat stress response were identified; the majority of the proteins with increased amounts in embryonal masses induced at higher temperatures consisted of enzymes involved in the regulation of metabolism (glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, amino acid biosynthesis and flavonoids formation), DNA binding, cell division, transcription regulation and the life-cycle of proteins. Finally, significant differences in the concentrations of sucrose and amino acids, such as glutamine, glycine and cysteine, were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Pereira
- Centre for Functional Ecology, TERRA Associate Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | | | - Vera M Mendes
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sandra Correia
- Centre for Functional Ecology, TERRA Associate Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
- InnovPlantProtect CoLAb, Estrada de Gil Vaz, 7350-478 Elvas, Portugal
| | - Ana Pedrosa
- Centre for Functional Ecology, TERRA Associate Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bruno Manadas
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paloma Moncaleán
- Department of Forestry Science, NEIKER-BRTA, 01192 Arkaute, Spain
| | - Jorge Canhoto
- Centre for Functional Ecology, TERRA Associate Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
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Gao Y, He X, Lv H, Liu H, Li Y, Hu Y, Liu Y, Huang Y, Zhang J. Epi-Brassinolide Regulates ZmC4 NADP-ME Expression through the Transcription Factors ZmbHLH157 and ZmNF-YC2. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054614. [PMID: 36902048 PMCID: PMC10002761 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Maize is a main food and feed crop with great production potential and high economic benefits. Improving its photosynthesis efficiency is crucial for increasing yield. Maize photosynthesis occurs mainly through the C4 pathway, and NADP-ME (NADP-malic enzyme) is a key enzyme in the photosynthetic carbon assimilation pathway of C4 plants. ZmC4-NADP-ME catalyzes the release of CO2 from oxaloacetate into the Calvin cycle in the maize bundle sheath. Brassinosteroid (BL) can improve photosynthesis; however, its molecular mechanism of action remains unclear. In this study, transcriptome sequencing of maize seedlings treated with epi-brassinolide (EBL) showed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched in photosynthetic antenna proteins, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, and photosynthesis pathways. The DEGs of C4-NADP-ME and pyruvate phosphate dikinase in the C4 pathway were significantly enriched in EBL treatment. Co-expression analysis showed that the transcription level of ZmNF-YC2 and ZmbHLH157 transcription factors was increased under EBL treatment and moderately positively correlated with ZmC4-NADP-ME. Transient overexpression of protoplasts revealed that ZmNF-YC2 and ZmbHLH157 activate C4-NADP-ME promoters. Further experiments showed ZmNF-YC2 and ZmbHLH157 transcription factor binding sites on the -1616 bp and -1118 bp ZmC4 NADP-ME promoter. ZmNF-YC2 and ZmbHLH157 were screened as candidate transcription factors mediating brassinosteroid hormone regulation of the ZmC4 NADP-ME gene. The results provide a theoretical basis for improving maize yield using BR hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfen Gao
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625000, China
| | - Xuewu He
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625000, China
| | - Huayang Lv
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625000, China
| | - Hanmei Liu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625000, China
| | - Yangping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yufeng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yinghong Liu
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yubi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Correspondence: (Y.H.); (J.Z.)
| | - Junjie Zhang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625000, China
- Correspondence: (Y.H.); (J.Z.)
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6
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Pandit S, Goel R, Mishra G. Phosphatidic acid binds to and stimulates the activity of ARGAH2 from Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 185:344-355. [PMID: 35752016 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidic acid (PA) has emerged as an important lipid signal during abiotic and biotic stress conditions such as drought, salinity, freezing, nutrient starvation, wounding and microbial elicitation. PA acts during stress responses primarily via binding and translocating target proteins or through modulating their activity. Owing to the importance of PA during stress signaling and developmental stages, it is imperative to identify PA interacting proteins and decipher their specific roles. In the present study, we have identified PA binding proteins from the leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana. Mass spectroscopy analysis led to the identification of 21 PA binding proteins with known roles in various cellular processes. One of the PA-binding proteins identified during this study, AtARGAH2, was further studied to unravel the role of PA interaction. Recombinant AtARGAH2 binding with immobilized PA on a solid support validated PA-AtARGAH2 binding invitro. PA binding to AtARGAH2 leads to the enhancement of arginase enzymatic activity in a dose dependent manner. Enzyme kinetics of recombinant AtARGAH2 demonstrated a lower Km value in presence of PA, suggesting role of PA in efficient enzyme-substrate binding. This simple approach could systematically be applied to perform an inclusive study on lipid binding proteins to elucidate their role in physiology of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shatakshi Pandit
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
| | - Renu Goel
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India.
| | - Girish Mishra
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
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7
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Wu B, Li P, Hong X, Xu C, Wang R, Liang Y. The receptor-like cytosolic kinase RIPK activates NADP-malic enzyme 2 to generate NADPH for fueling ROS production. MOLECULAR PLANT 2022; 15:887-903. [PMID: 35276409 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is a conserved immune response in Arabidopsis primarily mediated by respiratory burst oxidase homolog D (RBOHD), a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase associated with the plasma membrane. A rapid increase in NADPH is necessary to fuel RBOHD proteins and thus maintain ROS production. However, the molecular mechanism by which NADPH is generated to fuel RBOHD remains unclear. In this study, we isolated a new mutant allele of FLAGELLIN-INSENSITIVE 4 (FIN4), which encodes the first enzyme in de novo NAD biosynthesis. fin4 mutants show reduced NADPH levels and impaired ROS production. However, FIN4 and other genes involved in NAD- and NADPH-generating pathways are not highly upregulated upon elicitor treatment, raising a possibility that a cytosolic NADP-linked dehydrogenase might be post-transcriptionally activated to maintain the NADPH supply close to RBOHD. To verify this possibility, we isolated the proteins associated with RPM1-INDUCED PROTEIN KINASE (RIPK), a receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase that regulates broad-spectrum ROS signaling in plant immunity, and identified NADP-malic enzyme 2 (NADP-ME2), an NADPH-generating enzyme. Compared with wild-type plants, nadp-me2 mutants display decreased NADP-ME activity, lower NADPH levels, and reduced ROS production in response to immune elicitors. Furthermore, we found that RIPK can directly phosphorylate NADP-ME2 and enhance its activity in vitro. The phosphorylation of the NADP-ME2 S371 residue contributes to ROS production upon immune elicitor treatment and susceptibility to the necrotrophic bacterium Pectobacterium carotovorum. Collectively, our study suggests that RIPK phosphorylates and activates NADP-ME2 to rapidly increase cytosolic NADPH, thus fueling RBOHD to sustain ROS production in plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binyan Wu
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ping Li
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiufang Hong
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Cuihong Xu
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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8
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Alvarez ME, Savouré A, Szabados L. Proline metabolism as regulatory hub. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 27:39-55. [PMID: 34366236 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Proline is a multifunctional amino acid that is accumulated in high concentrations in plants under various stress conditions. Proline accumulation is intimately connected to many cellular processes, such as osmotic pressure, energy status, nutrient availability, changes in redox balance, and defenses against pathogens. Proline biosynthesis and catabolism is linked to photosynthesis and mitochondrial respiration, respectively. Proline can function as a signal, modulating gene expression and certain metabolic processes. We review important findings on proline metabolism and function of the last decade, giving a more informative picture about the function of this unusual amino acid in maintaining cellular homeostasis, modulating plant development, and promoting stress acclimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- María E Alvarez
- CIQUIBIC, CONICET, Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina.
| | - Arnould Savouré
- Sorbonne Université, UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES), Paris, France
| | - László Szabados
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, 6726-Szeged, Hungary.
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9
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Gerrard Wheeler MC, Arias CL, E Mello JDFR, Cirauqui Diaz N, Rodrigues CR, Drincovich MF, de Souza AMT, Alvarez CE. Structural insights into the allosteric site of Arabidopsis NADP-malic enzyme 2: role of the second sphere residues in the regulatory signal transmission. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:37-48. [PMID: 34333694 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01176-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
NADP-ME2 from Arabidopsis thaliana exhibits a distinctive and complex regulation by fumarate, acting as an activator or an inhibitor according to substrate and effector concentrations. In this work, we used molecular modeling approach and site-directed mutagenesis to characterized the NADP-ME2 structural determinants necessary for allosteric regulation providing new insights for enzyme optimization. Structure-function studies contribute to deciphering how small modifications in the primary structure could introduce desirable characteristics into enzymes without affecting its overall functioning. Malic enzymes (ME) are ubiquitous and responsible for a wide variety of functions. The availability of a high number of ME crystal structures from different species facilitates comparisons between sequence and structure. Specifically, the structural determinants necessary for fumarate allosteric regulation of ME has been of particular interest. NADP-ME2 from Arabidopsis thaliana exhibits a distinctive and complex regulation by fumarate, acting as an activator or an inhibitor according to substrate and effector concentrations. However, the 3D structure for this enzyme is not yet reported. In this work, we characterized the NADP-ME2 allosteric site by structural modeling, molecular docking, normal mode analysis and mutagenesis. The regulatory site model and its docking analysis suggested that other C4 acids including malate, NADP-ME2 substrate, could also fit into fumarate's pocket. Besides, a non-conserved cluster of hydrophobic residues in the second sphere of the allosteric site was identified. The substitution of one of those residues, L62, by a less flexible residue as tryptophan, resulted in a complete loss of fumarate activation and a reduction of substrate affinities for the active site. In addition, normal mode analysis indicated that conformational changes leading to the activation could originate in the region surrounding L62, extending through the allosteric site till the active site. Finally, the results in this work contribute to the understanding of structural determinants necessary for allosteric regulation providing new insights for enzyme optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariel Claudia Gerrard Wheeler
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (CEFOBI-CONICET-UNR), Suipacha 570, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Cintia Lucía Arias
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (CEFOBI-CONICET-UNR), Suipacha 570, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Juliana da Fonseca Rezende E Mello
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular & QSAR (ModMolQSAR), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 bloco L subsolo, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nuria Cirauqui Diaz
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular & QSAR (ModMolQSAR), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 bloco L subsolo, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos Rangel Rodrigues
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular & QSAR (ModMolQSAR), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 bloco L subsolo, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - María Fabiana Drincovich
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (CEFOBI-CONICET-UNR), Suipacha 570, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Alessandra Mendonça Teles de Souza
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular & QSAR (ModMolQSAR), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 bloco L subsolo, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Clarisa Ester Alvarez
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (CEFOBI-CONICET-UNR), Suipacha 570, Rosario, Argentina.
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10
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Wang Y, Zhang W, Liu W, Ahammed GJ, Wen W, Guo S, Shu S, Sun J. Auxin is involved in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi-promoted tomato growth and NADP-malic enzymes expression in continuous cropping substrates. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:48. [PMID: 33461504 PMCID: PMC7814736 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02817-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite significant limitations of growth medium reuse, a large amount of organic substrate is reused in soilless cultivation of horticultural crops in China. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can promote nutrient absorption and improve plant tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the mechanisms governing the effects of AMF on crop growth in organic continuous cropping substrates have not been elucidated. RESULTS In this study, we showed that the inoculation of AMF in continuous cropping substrates promoted growth and root development, and increased the root and NADP-malic enzyme (NADP-ME) activity of tomato seedlings. Root transcriptome analysis demonstrated that the plant hormone signal transduction pathway was highly enriched, and 109 genes that positively correlated with the AMF-inoculated plant phenotype were obtained by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), which identified 9 genes related to indole acetic acid (IAA). Importantly, the levels of endogenous IAA in tomato seedlings significantly increased after AMF inoculation. Furthermore, the application of AMF significantly increased the expression levels of NADP-ME1 and NADP-ME2, as well as the activity of NADP-ME, and enhanced the root activity of tomato seedlings in comparison to that observed without inoculation of AMF. However, these effects were blocked in plants treated with 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA), a polar transport inhibitor of IAA. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that IAA mediates the AMF-promoted tomato growth and expression of NADP-MEs in continuous cropping substrates. The study provides convincing evidence for the reuse of continuous cropping substrates by adding AMF as an amendment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wenze Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Weikang Liu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Golam Jalal Ahammed
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Wenxu Wen
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shirong Guo
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Sheng Shu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Jin Sun
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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11
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Eprintsev AT, Gataullina MO. Kinetic Properties of NADP+-Dependent Decarboxylating Malate Dehydrogenase from Corn Leaves. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683821010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Liu J, Sun L, Chen Y, Wei L, Hao Y, Yu Z, Wang Z, Zhang H, Zhang X, Li M, Wang H, Xiao J, Wang X. The Regulatory Network of CMPG1-V in Wheat- Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici Interaction Revealed by Temporal Profiling Using RNA-Seq. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21175967. [PMID: 32825128 PMCID: PMC7504233 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21175967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat powdery mildew (Pm), caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), is a prevalent fungal disease. The diploid wheat relative Haynaldia villosa (H. villosa) showed broad-spectrum resistance (BSR) to Pm. A previous study reported an E3 ligase gene, CMPG1-V from H. villosa, showing BSR to Pm. To elucidate the regulatory network mediated by CMPG1-V, in this study, gene expression profiling of CMPG1-V transgenic plant (CMPG1-VOE) and its receptor Yangmai 158 was analyzed and compared after Bgt inoculation at four infection stages. GO and KEGG analysis revealed obvious reprogramming of SA and ABA signaling, starch/sucrose metabolism, and photosynthesis in CMPG1-VOE, compared with those in Yangmai 158. Transcripts of SA synthesis genes SARD1 and UGT, signaling factors TGA and PRs, and SnRKs in ABA signaling were specifically upregulated in CMPG1-VOE rather than Yangmai 158. Transcripts of LHCII in photosynthesis, GLUC and TPP in starch/sucrose metabolism were also induced distinctly in CMPG1-VOE. WGCNA analysis showed crucial regulatory candidates of CMPG1-V, involving serine/threonine-protein kinase in phosphorylation, glucosyltransferase in flavonoid biosynthesis, defense factor WRKYs, and peroxidase in oxidative stress. Our results facilitate the deciphering of the resistant regulatory network of CMPG1-V and the identification of key candidates which might be employed in breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiue Wang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-25-8439-5308
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13
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Schmidt A, Mächtel R, Ammon A, Engelsdorf T, Schmitz J, Maurino VG, Voll LM. Reactive oxygen species dosage in Arabidopsis chloroplasts can improve resistance towards Colletotrichum higginsianum by the induction of WRKY33. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 226:189-204. [PMID: 31749193 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis plants overexpressing glycolate oxidase in chloroplasts (GO5) and loss-of-function mutants of the major peroxisomal catalase isoform, cat2-2, produce increased hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) amounts from the respective organelles when subjected to photorespiratory conditions like increased light intensity. Here, we have investigated if and how the signaling processes triggered by H2 O2 production in response to shifts in environmental conditions and the concomitant induction of indole phytoalexin biosynthesis in GO5 affect susceptibility towards the hemibiotrophic fungus Colletotrichum higginsianum. Combining histological, biochemical, and molecular assays, we found that the accumulation of the phytoalexin camalexin was comparable between GO genotypes and cat2-2 in the absence of pathogen. Compared with wild-type, GO5 showed improved resistance after light-shift-mediated production of H2 O2 , whereas cat2-2 became more susceptible and allowed significantly more pathogen entry. Unlike GO5, cat2-2 suffered from severe oxidative stress after light shifts, as indicated by glutathione pool size and oxidation state. We discuss a connection between elevated oxidative stress and dampened induction of salicylic acid mediated defense in cat2-2. Genetic analyses demonstrated that induced resistance of GO5 is dependent on WRKY33, but not on camalexin production. We propose that indole carbonyl nitriles might play a role in defense against C. higginsianum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andree Schmidt
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstraße 5, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rebecca Mächtel
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstraße 5, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Ammon
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstraße 5, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Timo Engelsdorf
- Molecular Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch Straße 8, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jessica Schmitz
- Institute of Developmental and Molecular Biology of Plants, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Veronica G Maurino
- Institute of Developmental and Molecular Biology of Plants, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lars M Voll
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstraße 5, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Molecular Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch Straße 8, 35043, Marburg, Germany
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14
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Martins AC, Mehta A, Murad AM, Mota AP, Saraiva MA, Araújo AC, Miller RN, Brasileiro AC, Guimarães PM. Proteomics unravels new candidate genes for Meloidogyne resistance in wild Arachis. J Proteomics 2020; 217:103690. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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15
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Heng T, Kaga A, Chen X, Somta P. Two tightly linked genes coding for NAD-dependent malic enzyme and dynamin-related protein are associated with resistance to Cercospora leaf spot disease in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2020; 133:395-407. [PMID: 31691838 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-019-03470-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) caused by Cercospora canescens is an important disease of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). A previous study using an F2 population [CSR12906 (susceptible) × IT90K-59-120 (resistant)] identified a major QTL qCLS9.1 for resistance to CLS. In this study, we finely mapped and identified candidate genes of qCLS9.1 using an F3:4 population of 699 individuals derived from two F2:3 individuals segregating at qCLS9.1 from the original population. Fine mapping narrowed down the qCLS9.1 for the resistance to a 60.6-Kb region on cowpea chromosome 10. There were two annotated genes in the 60.6-Kb region; Vigun10g019300 coding for NAD-dependent malic enzyme 1 (NAD-ME1) and Vigun10g019400 coding for dynamin-related protein 1C (DRP1C). DNA sequence analysis revealed 12 and 2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the coding sequence (CDS) and the 5' untranslated region and TATA boxes of Vigun10g019300 and Vigun10g019400, respectively. Three SNPs caused amino acid changes in NAD-ME1 in CSR12906, N299S, S488N and S544N. Protein prediction analysis suggested that S488N of CSR12906 may have a deleterious effect on the function of NAD-ME1. Gene expression analysis demonstrated that IT90K-59-120 and CSR12906 challenged with C. canescens showed different expression in both Vigun10g019300 and Vigun10g019400. Taken together, these results indicated that Vigun10g019300 and Vigun10g019400 are the candidate genes for CLS resistance in the cowpea IT90K-59-120. Two derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence markers were developed to detect the resistance alleles at Vigun10g019300 and Vigun10g019400 in IT90K-59-120.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titnarong Heng
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom, 73140, Thailand
| | - Akito Kaga
- Soybean and Field Crop Applied Genomics Research Unit, Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-2, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Xin Chen
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Prakit Somta
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom, 73140, Thailand.
- Center of Excellence on Agricultural Biotechnology: (AG-BIO/PERDO-CHE), Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
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16
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Badia MB, Maurino VG, Pavlovic T, Arias CL, Pagani MA, Andreo CS, Saigo M, Drincovich MF, Gerrard Wheeler MC. Loss of function of Arabidopsis NADP-malic enzyme 1 results in enhanced tolerance to aluminum stress. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 101:653-665. [PMID: 31626366 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In acidic soils, aluminum (Al) toxicity is a significant limitation to crop production worldwide. Given its Al-binding capacity, malate allows internal as well as external detoxification strategies to cope with Al stress, but little is known about the metabolic processes involved in this response. Here, we analyzed the relevance of NADP-dependent malic enzyme (NADP-ME), which catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of malate, in Al tolerance. Plants lacking NADP-ME1 (nadp-me1) display reduced inhibition of root elongation along Al treatment compared with the wild type (wt). Moreover, wt roots exposed to Al show a drastic decrease in NADP-ME1 transcript levels. Although malate levels in seedlings and root exudates are similar in nadp-me1 and wt, a significant increase in intracellular malate is observed in roots of nadp-me1 after long exposure to Al. The nadp-me1 plants also show a lower H2 O2 content in root apices treated with Al and no inhibition of root elongation when exposed to glutamate, an amino acid implicated in Al signaling. Proteomic studies showed several differentially expressed proteins involved in signal transduction, primary metabolism and protection against biotic and other abiotic stimuli and redox processes in nadp-me1, which may participate directly or indirectly in Al tolerance. The results indicate that NADP-ME1 is involved in adjusting the malate levels in the root apex, and its loss results in an increased content of this organic acid. Furthermore, the results suggest that NADP-ME1 affects signaling processes, such as the generation of reactive oxygen species and those that involve glutamate, which could lead to inhibition of root growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Beatriz Badia
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Verónica Graciela Maurino
- Institute of Developmental and Molecular Biology of Plants, Plant Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology Group, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tatiana Pavlovic
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Cintia Lucía Arias
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - María Ayelén Pagani
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Carlos Santiago Andreo
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Mariana Saigo
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - María Fabiana Drincovich
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Mariel Claudia Gerrard Wheeler
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
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17
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McCollum C, Geißelsöder S, Engelsdorf T, Voitsik AM, Voll LM. Deficiencies in the Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain Affect Redox Poise and Resistance Toward Colletotrichum higginsianum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1262. [PMID: 31681368 PMCID: PMC6812661 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To investigate if and how the integrity of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (mETC) influences susceptibility of Arabidopsis toward Colletotrichum higginsianum, we have selected previously characterized mutants with defects at different stages of the mETC, namely, the complex I mutant ndufs4, the complex II mutant sdh2-1, the complex III mutant ucr8-1, and a mutant of the uncoupling protein ucp1-2. Relative to wild type, the selected complex I, II, and III mutants showed decreased total respiration, increased alternative respiration, as well as increased redox charge of the NADP(H) pool and decreased redox charge of the NAD(H) pool in the dark. In the light, mETC mutants accumulated free amino acids, albeit to varying degrees. Glycine and serine, which are involved in carbon recycling from photorespiration, and N-rich amino acids were predominantly increased in mETC mutants compared to the wild type. Taking together the physiological phenotypes of all examined mutants, our results suggest a connection between the limitation in the re-oxidation of reducing equivalents in the mitochondrial matrix and the induction of nitrate assimilation into free amino acids in the cytosol, which seems to be engaged as an additional sink for reducing power. The sdh2-1 mutant was less susceptible to C. higginsianum and did not show hampered salicylic acid (SA) accumulation as previously reported for SDH1 knock-down plants. The ROS burst remained unaffected in sdh2-1, emonstrating that subunit SDH2 is not involved in the control of ROS production and SA signaling by complex II. Moreover, the ndufs4 mutant showed only 20% of C. higginsianum colonization compared to wild type, with the ROS burst and the production of callose papillae being significantly increased compared to wild type. This indicates that a restriction of respiratory metabolism can positively affect pre-penetration resistance of Arabidopsis. Taking metabolite profiling data from all investigated mETC mutants, a strong positive correlation of resistance toward C. higginsianum with NADPH pool size, pyruvate contents, and other metabolites associated with redox poise and energy charge was evident, which fosters the hypothesis that limitations in the mETC can support resistance at post-penetration stages by improving the availability of metabolic power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher McCollum
- Division of Biochemistry, Department Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sonja Geißelsöder
- Division of Biochemistry, Department Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Timo Engelsdorf
- Molecular Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Anna Maria Voitsik
- Division of Biochemistry, Department Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lars M. Voll
- Division of Biochemistry, Department Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Molecular Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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18
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Begara-Morales JC, Sánchez-Calvo B, Gómez-Rodríguez MV, Chaki M, Valderrama R, Mata-Pérez C, López-Jaramillo J, Corpas FJ, Barroso JB. Short-Term Low Temperature Induces Nitro-Oxidative Stress that Deregulates the NADP-Malic Enzyme Function by Tyrosine Nitration in Arabidopsis thaliana. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8100448. [PMID: 31581524 PMCID: PMC6827146 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8100448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Low temperature (LT) negatively affects plant growth and development via the alteration of the metabolism of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS). Among RNS, tyrosine nitration, the addition of an NO2 group to a tyrosine residue, can modulate reduced nicotinamide-dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-generating systems and, therefore, can alter the levels of NADPH, a key cofactor in cellular redox homeostasis. NADPH also acts as an indispensable electron donor within a wide range of enzymatic reactions, biosynthetic pathways, and detoxification processes, which could affect plant viability. To extend our knowledge about the regulation of this key cofactor by this nitric oxide (NO)-related post-translational modification, we analyzed the effect of tyrosine nitration on another NADPH-generating enzyme, the NADP-malic enzyme (NADP-ME), under LT stress. In Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings exposed to short-term LT (4 °C for 48 h), a 50% growth reduction accompanied by an increase in the content of superoxide, nitric oxide, and peroxynitrite, in addition to diminished cytosolic NADP-ME activity, were found. In vitro assays confirmed that peroxynitrite inhibits cytosolic NADP-ME2 activity due to tyrosine nitration. The mass spectrometric analysis of nitrated NADP-ME2 enabled us to determine that Tyr-73 was exclusively nitrated to 3-nitrotyrosine by peroxynitrite. The in silico analysis of the Arabidopsis NADP-ME2 protein sequence suggests that Tyr73 nitration could disrupt the interactions between the specific amino acids responsible for protein structure stability. In conclusion, the present data show that short-term LT stress affects the metabolism of ROS and RNS, which appears to negatively modulate the activity of cytosolic NADP-ME through the tyrosine nitration process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Begara-Morales
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus "Las Lagunillas", s/n, E-23071 Jaén, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Sánchez-Calvo
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus "Las Lagunillas", s/n, E-23071 Jaén, Spain.
| | - María V Gómez-Rodríguez
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus "Las Lagunillas", s/n, E-23071 Jaén, Spain.
| | - Mounira Chaki
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus "Las Lagunillas", s/n, E-23071 Jaén, Spain.
| | - Raquel Valderrama
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus "Las Lagunillas", s/n, E-23071 Jaén, Spain.
| | - Capilla Mata-Pérez
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus "Las Lagunillas", s/n, E-23071 Jaén, Spain.
| | - Javier López-Jaramillo
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Francisco J Corpas
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals, and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, C/ Profesor Albareda 1, E-18080 Granada, Spain.
| | - Juan B Barroso
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus "Las Lagunillas", s/n, E-23071 Jaén, Spain.
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Limitations of Deuterium-Labelled Substrates for Quantifying NADPH Metabolism in Heterotrophic Arabidopsis Cell Cultures. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9100205. [PMID: 31569392 PMCID: PMC6835633 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9100205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
NADPH is the primary source of cellular reductant for biosynthesis, and strategies for increasing productivity via metabolic engineering need to take account of the requirement for reducing power. In plants, while the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway is the most direct route for NADPH production in heterotrophic tissues, there is increasing evidence that other pathways make significant contributions to redox balance. Deuterium-based isotopic labelling strategies have recently been developed to quantify the relative production of NADPH from different pathways in mammalian cells, but the application of these methods to plants has not been critically evaluated. In this study, LC-MS was used to measure deuterium incorporation into metabolites extracted from heterotrophic Arabidopsis cell cultures grown on [1-2H]glucose or D2O. The results show that a high rate of flavin-enzyme-catalysed water exchange obscures labelling of NADPH from deuterated substrates and that this exchange cannot be accurately accounted for due to exchange between triose- and hexose-phosphates. In addition, the duplication of NADPH generating reactions between subcellular compartments can confound analysis based on whole cell extracts. Understanding how the structure of the metabolic network affects the applicability of deuterium labelling methods is a prerequisite for development of more effective flux determination strategies, ensuring data are both quantitative and representative of endogenous biological processes.
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20
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Sun X, Han G, Meng Z, Lin L, Sui N. Roles of malic enzymes in plant development and stress responses. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2019; 14:e1644596. [PMID: 31322479 PMCID: PMC6768271 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2019.1644596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Malic enzyme (ME) comprises a family of proteins with multiple isoforms located in different compartments of eukaryotic cells. It is a key enzyme regulating malic acid metabolism and can catalyze the reversible reaction of oxidative decarboxylation of malic acid. And it is also one of the important enzymes in plant metabolism and is involved in multiple metabolic processes. ME is widely present in plants and mainly discovered in cytoplasmic stroma, mitochondria, chloroplasts. It is involved in plant growth, development, and stress response. Plants are stressed by various environmental factors such as drought, high salt, and high temperature during plant growth, and the mechanisms of plant response to various environmental stresses are synergistic. Numerous studies have shown that ME participates in the process of coping with the above environmental factors by increasing water use efficiency, improving photosynthesis of plants, providing reducing power, and so on. In this review, we discuss the important role of ME in plant development and plant stress response, and prospects for its application. It provides a theoretical basis for the future use of ME gene for molecular resistance breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Guoliang Han
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Zhe Meng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Lin Lin
- Water Research Institute of Shandong Province, Jinan, PR China
| | - Na Sui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, PR China
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Chen Q, Wang B, Ding H, Zhang J, Li S. Review: The role of NADP-malic enzyme in plants under stress. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 281:206-212. [PMID: 30824053 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Under natural conditions, plants constantly encounter various fluctuating environmental stresses, which potentially restrict plant growth, plant development and even limit crop productivity. In addition to carbon fixation activity in C4 photosynthesis, NADP-dependent malic enzyme (NADP-ME) has been suggested to play important roles in diverse stress responses in plants. NADP-ME is one of the essential enzymes metabolizing malate, which is important for stabilizing cytoplasmic pH, controlling stomatal aperture, increasing resistance to aluminum excess and pathogen. Pyruvate, another product of NADP-ME reaction, participates in the synthesis of defense compounds such as flavonoids and lignin, which are involved in stresses tolerance such as mechanical wounding and pathogen invasion. Moreover, NADP-ME provides essential reductive coenzyme NADPH in the biosynthesis of flavonoids and lignin. On the other hand, NADPH is crucial for reactive active species (ROS) metabolizing systems such as the ascorbate-glutathione pathway and NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductase, and is also required by apoplastic oxidative burst in most plant-pathogen interactions. This mini-review is largely focus on the characteristics of gene expression and activity of NADP-ME, as well as its interaction with ROS signaling under a variety of biotic and abiotic stress responses, which will provide a theoretical foundation for breeding of stress resistant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Bipeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Haiyan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Jiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - Shengchun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China.
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22
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Tuzet A, Rahantaniaina MS, Noctor G. Analyzing the Function of Catalase and the Ascorbate-Glutathione Pathway in H 2O 2 Processing: Insights from an Experimentally Constrained Kinetic Model. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:1238-1268. [PMID: 30044135 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Plant stress involves redox signaling linked to reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which can be generated at high rates in photosynthetic cells. The systems that process H2O2 include catalase (CAT) and the ascorbate-glutathione pathway, but interactions between them remain unclear. Modeling can aid interpretation and pinpoint areas for investigation. Recent Advances: Based on emerging data and concepts, we introduce a new experimentally constrained kinetic model to analyze interactions between H2O2, CAT, ascorbate, glutathione, and NADPH. The sensitivity points required for accurate simulation of experimental observations are analyzed, and the implications for H2O2-linked redox signaling are discussed. CRITICAL ISSUES We discuss several implications of the modeled results, in particular the following. (i) CAT and ascorbate peroxidase can share the load in H2O2 processing even in optimal conditions. (ii) Intracellular H2O2 concentrations more than the low μM range may rarely occur. (iii) Ascorbate redox turnover is largely independent of glutathione until ascorbate peroxidation exceeds a certain value. (iv) NADPH availability may determine glutathione redox status through its influence on monodehydroascorbate reduction. (v) The sensitivity of glutathione status to oxidative stress emphasizes its potential suitability as a sensor of increased H2O2. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Important future questions include the roles of other antioxidative systems in interacting with CAT and the ascorbate-glutathione pathway as well as the nature and significance of processes that achieve redox exchange between different subcellular compartments. Progress in these areas is likely to be favored by integrating kinetic modeling analyses into experimentally based programs, allowing each approach to inform the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrée Tuzet
- 1 Unité Mixte de Recherche ECOSYS/Pôle BIOCLIMATOLOGIE, INRA-AgroParisTech, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Marie-Sylviane Rahantaniaina
- 1 Unité Mixte de Recherche ECOSYS/Pôle BIOCLIMATOLOGIE, INRA-AgroParisTech, Thiverval-Grignon, France.,2 Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), UMR 9213/UMR1403, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, INRA, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Orsay, France
| | - Graham Noctor
- 2 Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), UMR 9213/UMR1403, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, INRA, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Orsay, France
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23
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Yazdanpanah F, Maurino VG, Mettler-Altmann T, Buijs G, Bailly MN, Karimi Jashni M, Willems L, Sergeeva LI, Rajjou LC, Hilhorst HWM, Bentsink LN. NADP-MALIC ENZYME 1 Affects Germination after Seed Storage in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:318-328. [PMID: 30388244 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging decreases the quality of seeds and results in agricultural and economic losses. The damage that occurs at the biochemical level can alter the seed physiological status. Although loss of viability has been investigated frequently, little information exists on the molecular and biochemical factors involved in seed deterioration and loss of viability. Oxidative stress has been implicated as a major contributor to seed deterioration, and several pathways are involved in protection against this. In this study, we show that seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana lacking a functional NADP-MALIC ENZYME 1 (NADP-ME1) have reduced seed viability relative to the wild type. Seeds of the NADP-ME1 loss-of-function mutant display higher levels of protein carbonylation than those of the wild type. NADP-ME1 catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of malate to pyruvate with the simultaneous production of CO2 and NADPH. Upon seed imbibition, malate and amino acids accumulate in embryos of aged seeds of the NADP-ME1 loss-of-function mutant compared with those of the wild type. NADP-ME1 expression is increased in imbibed aged as compared with non-aged seeds. NADP-ME1 activity at testa rupture promotes normal germination of aged seeds. In seedlings of aged seeds, NADP-ME1 is specifically active in the root meristematic zone. We propose that NADP-ME1 activity is required for protecting seeds against oxidation during seed dry storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Yazdanpanah
- Wageningen Seed Lab, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Veronica G Maurino
- Institute of Developmental and Molecular Biology of Plants, Plant Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology Group, Heinrich Heine University, and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Universit�tsstra�e 1, D�sseldorf, Germany
| | - Tabea Mettler-Altmann
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University, and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Universit�tsstra�e 1, D�sseldorf, Germany
| | - Gonda Buijs
- Wageningen Seed Lab, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marlï Ne Bailly
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Universit� Paris-Saclay, Versailles cedex, France
- DBV Technologies - Technology Center, Green Square BAT D, 80-84 rue des Meuniers, Bagneux France
| | - Mansoor Karimi Jashni
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Leo Willems
- Wageningen Seed Lab, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lidiya I Sergeeva
- Wageningen Seed Lab, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Loï C Rajjou
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Universit� Paris-Saclay, Versailles cedex, France
| | - Henk W M Hilhorst
- Wageningen Seed Lab, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Leï Nie Bentsink
- Wageningen Seed Lab, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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24
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Arias CL, Pavlovic T, Torcolese G, Badia MB, Gismondi M, Maurino VG, Andreo CS, Drincovich MF, Gerrard Wheeler MC, Saigo M. NADP-Dependent Malic Enzyme 1 Participates in the Abscisic Acid Response in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1637. [PMID: 30459802 PMCID: PMC6232891 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana possesses three cytosolic (NADP-ME1-3) and one plastidic (NADP-ME4) NADP-dependent malic enzymes. NADP-ME2 and -ME4 show constitutive expression, in contrast to NADP-ME1 and -ME3, which are restricted to particular tissues. Here, we show that NADP-ME1 transcript and protein were almost undetectable during normal vegetative growth, but gradually increased and reached levels higher than those of the other isoforms in the latest stages of seed development. Accordingly, in knockout nadp-me1 mature seeds the total NADP-ME activity was significantly lower than in wild type mature seeds. The phenotypic analysis of nadp-me1 plants indicated alterations of seed viability and germination. Besides, the treatment with abscisic acid (ABA), NaCl and mannitol specifically induced the accumulation of NADP-ME1 in seedlings. In line with this, nadp-me1 plants show a weaker response of primary and lateral root length and stomatal opening to the presence of ABA. The results suggest that NADP-ME1 plays a specialized role, linked to ABA signaling during the seed development as well as in the response to water deficit stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintia L. Arias
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Tatiana Pavlovic
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Giuliana Torcolese
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Mariana B. Badia
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Mauro Gismondi
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Verónica G. Maurino
- Institute of Developmental and Molecular Biology of Plants, Plant Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology Group, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Carlos S. Andreo
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - María F. Drincovich
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Mariel C. Gerrard Wheeler
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Mariana Saigo
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
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25
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Yan Y, Yuan Q, Tang J, Huang J, Hsiang T, Wei Y, Zheng L. Colletotrichum higginsianum as a Model for Understanding Host⁻Pathogen Interactions: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2142. [PMID: 30041456 PMCID: PMC6073530 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colletotrichum higginsianum is a hemibiotrophic ascomycetous fungus that causes economically important anthracnose diseases on numerous monocot and dicot crops worldwide. As a model pathosystem, the Colletotrichum⁻Arabidopsis interaction has the significant advantage that both organisms can be manipulated genetically. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of the system and to point out recent significant studies that update our understanding of the pathogenesis of C. higginsianum and resistance mechanisms of Arabidopsis against this hemibiotrophic fungus. The genome sequence of C. higginsianum has provided insights into how genome structure and pathogen genetic variability has been shaped by transposable elements, and allows systematic approaches to longstanding areas of investigation, including infection structure differentiation and fungal⁻plant interactions. The Arabidopsis-Colletotrichum pathosystem provides an integrated system, with extensive information on the host plant and availability of genomes for both partners, to illustrate many of the important concepts governing fungal⁻plant interactions, and to serve as an excellent starting point for broad perspectives into issues in plant pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Yan
- The Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Qinfeng Yuan
- The Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Jintian Tang
- The Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Junbin Huang
- The Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Tom Hsiang
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Yangdou Wei
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada.
| | - Lu Zheng
- The Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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26
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Gao Z, Shen W, Chen G. Uncovering C4-like photosynthesis in C3 vascular cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:3531-3540. [PMID: 29684188 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In C4 plants, the vascularization of the leaf is extended to include a ring of photosynthetic bundle sheath cells, which have essential and specific functions. In contrast to the substantial knowledge of photosynthesis in C4 plants, relatively little is known about photosynthesis in C3 plant veins, which differs substantially from that in C3 mesophyll cells. In this review we highlight the specific photosynthetic machinery present in C3 vascular cells, which likely evolved prior to the divergence between C3 and C4 plants. The associated primary processes of carbon recapture, nitrogen transport, and antioxidant metabolism are discussed. This review of the basal C4 photosynthesis in C3 plants is significant in the context of promoting the potential for biotechnological development of C4-transgenic rice crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weijun Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoxiang Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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27
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Lamm CE, Kraner ME, Hofmann J, Börnke F, Mock HP, Sonnewald U. Hop/Sti1 - A Two-Faced Cochaperone Involved in Pattern Recognition Receptor Maturation and Viral Infection. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1754. [PMID: 29075278 PMCID: PMC5641557 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Perception of pathogens by host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) or R proteins is a prerequisite to promote successful immune responses. The Hsp70/Hsp90 organizing protein Hop/Sti1, a multifunctional cochaperone, has been implicated in the maturation of a receptor-like kinase (RLK) necessary for chitin sensing. However, it remains unknown whether Hop/Sti1 is generally participating in PRR genesis. Using RNA-interference (RNAi), we silenced Hop/Sti1 expression in Nicotiana tabacum to gain further insight into the role of the cochaperone in plant defense responses. As expected, transgenic plants do not respond to chitin treatment anymore. In contrast to this, trafficking and functionality of the flagellin PRR FLS2 were unaltered, suggesting a selective involvement of Hop/Sti1 during PRR maturation. Furthermore, Hop/Sti1 was identified as a cellular determinant of Potato virus Y (PVY) symptom development in tobacco, since PVY was able to accumulate to near wild-type level without provoking the usual veinal necrosis phenotype. In addition, typical antiviral host defense responses were suppressed in the transgenic plants. These data suggest that perception of PVY is dependent on Hop/Sti1-mediated receptor maturation, while viral symptoms represent a failing attempt to restrict PVY spread. In addition, Hop/Sti1 colocalized with virus-induced membrane aggregates in wild-type plants. The retention of Hop/Sti1 in potential viral replication complexes suggests a role during viral translation/replication, explaining why RNAi-lines do not exhibit increased susceptibility to PVY. This study provides evidence for a dual role of Hop/Sti1 in PRR maturation and pathogen perception as well as in promoting viral proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian E. Lamm
- Department of Biology, Division of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Max. E. Kraner
- Department of Biology, Division of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jörg Hofmann
- Department of Biology, Division of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frederik Börnke
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Mock
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Uwe Sonnewald
- Department of Biology, Division of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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28
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Gebauer P, Korn M, Engelsdorf T, Sonnewald U, Koch C, Voll LM. Sugar Accumulation in Leaves of Arabidopsis sweet11/sweet12 Double Mutants Enhances Priming of the Salicylic Acid-Mediated Defense Response. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1378. [PMID: 28848581 PMCID: PMC5550771 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In compatible interactions, biotrophic microbial phytopathogens rely on the supply of assimilates by the colonized host tissue. It has been found in rice that phloem localized SWEET sucrose transporters can be reprogrammed by bacterial effectors to establish compatibility. We observed that sweet11/sweet12 double mutants, but not single mutants, exhibited increased resistance toward the fungal hemibiotroph Colletotrichum higginsianum (Ch), both in the biotrophic and the necrotrophic colonization phase. We therefore investigated if the phloem localized transporters AtSWEET11 and AtSWEET12 represent additive susceptibility factors in the interaction of Arabidopsis with Ch. AtSWEET12-YFP fusion protein driven by the endogenous promoter strongly accumulated at Ch infection sites and in the vasculature upon challenge with Ch. However, susceptibility of sweet12 single mutants to Ch was comparable to wild type, indicating that the accumulation of AtSWEET12 at Ch infection sites does not play a major role for compatibility. AtSWEET12-YFP reporter protein was not detectable at the plant-pathogen interface, suggesting that AtSWEET12 is not targeted by Ch effectors. AtSWEET11-YFP accumulation in pAtSWEET11:AtSWEET11-YFP plants were similar in Ch infected and mock control leaves. A close inspection of major carbohydrate metabolism in non-infected control plants revealed that soluble sugar and starch content were substantially elevated in sweet11/sweet12 double mutants during the entire diurnal cycle, that diurnal soluble sugar turnover was increased more than twofold in sweet11/sweet12, and that accumulation of free hexoses and sucrose was strongly expedited in double mutant leaves compared to wild type and both single mutants during the course of Ch infection. After 2 days of treatment, free and conjugated SA levels were significantly increased in infected and mock control leaves of sweet11/sweet12 relative to all other genotypes, respectively. Induced genes in mock treated sweet11/sweet12 leaves were highly significantly enriched for several GO terms associated with SA signaling and response compared to mock treated wild-type leaves, indicating sugar-mediated priming of the SA pathway in the double mutant. Infection assays with salicylic acid deficient sweet11/sweet12/sid2 triple mutants demonstrated that reduced susceptibility observed in sweet11/sweet12 was entirely dependent on the SA pathway. We suggest a model how defects in phloem loading of sucrose can influence SA priming and hence, compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lars M. Voll
- Division of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangen, Germany
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29
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Uhlíková H, Solanský M, Hrdinová V, Šedo O, Kašparovský T, Hejátko J, Lochman J. MAMP (microbe-associated molecular pattern)-induced changes in plasma membrane-associated proteins. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 210:51-57. [PMID: 28056387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Plant plasma membrane associated proteins play significant roles in Microbe-Associated Molecular Pattern (MAMP) mediated defence responses including signal transduction, membrane transport or energetic metabolism. To elucidate the dynamics of proteins associated with plasma membrane in response to cryptogein, a well-known MAMP of defence reaction secreted by the oomycete Phytophthora cryptogea, 2D-Blue Native/SDS gel electrophoresis of plasma membrane fractions was employed. This approach revealed 21 up- or down-regulated protein spots of which 15 were successfully identified as proteins related to transport through plasma membrane, vesicle trafficking, and metabolic enzymes including cytosolic NADP-malic enzyme and glutamine synthetase. Observed changes in proteins were also confirmed on transcriptional level by qRT-PCR analysis. In addition, a significantly decreased accumulation of transcripts observed after employment of a mutant variant of cryptogein Leu41Phe, exhibiting a conspicuous defect in induction of resistance, sustains the contribution of identified proteins in cryptogein-triggered cellular responses. Our data provide further evidence for dynamic MAMP-induced changes in plasma membrane associated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Uhlíková
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czechia
| | - Martin Solanský
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czechia
| | - Vendula Hrdinová
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia; National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Ondrej Šedo
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia; National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Tomáš Kašparovský
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czechia
| | - Jan Hejátko
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia; National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jan Lochman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czechia.
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30
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Badia MB, Mans R, Lis AV, Tronconi MA, Arias CL, Maurino VG, Andreo CS, Drincovich MF, van Maris AJA, Gerrard Wheeler MC. Specific Arabidopsis thaliana malic enzyme isoforms can provide anaplerotic pyruvate carboxylation function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEBS J 2017; 284:654-665. [PMID: 28075062 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
NAD(P)-malic enzyme (NAD(P)-ME) catalyzes the reversible oxidative decarboxylation of malate to pyruvate, CO2 , and NAD(P)H and is present as a multigene family in Arabidopsis thaliana. The carboxylation reaction catalyzed by purified recombinant Arabidopsis NADP-ME proteins is faster than those reported for other animal or plant isoforms. In contrast, no carboxylation activity could be detected in vitro for the NAD-dependent counterparts. In order to further investigate their putative carboxylating role in vivo, Arabidopsis NAD(P)-ME isoforms, as well as the NADP-ME2del2 (with a decreased ability to carboxylate pyruvate) and NADP-ME2R115A (lacking fumarate activation) versions, were functionally expressed in the cytosol of pyruvate carboxylase-negative (Pyc- ) Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. The heterologous expression of NADP-ME1, NADP-ME2 (and its mutant proteins), and NADP-ME3 restored the growth of Pyc- S. cerevisiae on glucose, and this capacity was dependent on the availability of CO2 . On the other hand, NADP-ME4, NAD-ME1, and NAD-ME2 could not rescue the Pyc- strains from C4 auxotrophy. NADP-ME carboxylation activity could be measured in leaf crude extracts of knockout and overexpressing Arabidopsis lines with modified levels of NADP-ME, where this activity was correlated with the amount of NADP-ME2 transcript. These results indicate that specific A. thaliana NADP-ME isoforms are able to play an anaplerotic role in vivo and provide a basis for the study on the carboxylating activity of NADP-ME, which may contribute to the synthesis of C4 compounds and redox shuttling in plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Beatriz Badia
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina
| | - Robert Mans
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands
| | - Alicia V Lis
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands.,Biochemical Engineering Institute, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Marcos Ariel Tronconi
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina
| | - Cintia Lucía Arias
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina
| | - Verónica Graciela Maurino
- Plant Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology Group, Institute of Developmental and Molecular Biology of Plants, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Carlos Santiago Andreo
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina
| | - María Fabiana Drincovich
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina
| | - Antonius J A van Maris
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands.,Division of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm, Sweden
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Tomita S, Ikeda S, Tsuda S, Someya N, Asano K, Kikuchi J, Chikayama E, Ono H, Sekiyama Y. A survey of metabolic changes in potato leaves by NMR-based metabolic profiling in relation to resistance to late blight disease under field conditions. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2017; 55:120-127. [PMID: 27549366 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Non-targeted nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolic profiling was applied to potato leaves to survey metabolic changes associated with late blight resistance under field conditions. Potato plants were grown in an experimental field, and the compound leaves with no visible symptoms were collected from 20 cultivars/lines at two sampling time points: (i) the time of initial presentation of symptoms in susceptible cultivars and (ii) 12 days before this initiation. 1 H NMR spectra of the foliar metabolites soluble in deuterium oxide- or methanol-d4 -based buffers were measured and used for multivariate analysis. Principal component analysis for six cultivars at symptom initiation showed a class separation corresponding to their levels of late blight resistance. This separation was primarily explained by higher levels of malic acid, methanol, and rutin and a lower level of sucrose in the resistant cultivars than in the susceptible ones. Partial least squares regression revealed that the levels of these metabolites were strongly associated with the disease severity measured in this study under field conditions. These associations were observed only for the leaves harvested at the symptom initiation stage, but not for those collected 12 days beforehand. Subsequently, a simple, alternative enzymatic assay for l-malic acid was used to estimate late blight resistance, as a model for applying the potential metabolic marker obtained. This study demonstrated the potential of metabolomics for field-grown plants in combination with targeted methods for quantifying marker levels, moving towards marker-assisted screening of new cultivars with durable late blight resistance. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Tomita
- Food Research Institute, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Seishi Ikeda
- Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, NARO, Memuro, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shogo Tsuda
- Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, NARO, Memuro, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Someya
- Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kenji Asano
- Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, NARO, Memuro, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Jun Kikuchi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Graduate School of Medical and Life Sciences, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences and School of Agricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Eisuke Chikayama
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Information Systems, Niigata University of International and Information Studies, Nishi-ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ono
- Food Research Institute, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yasuyo Sekiyama
- Food Research Institute, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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Engelsdorf T, Will C, Hofmann J, Schmitt C, Merritt BB, Rieger L, Frenger MS, Marschall A, Franke RB, Pattathil S, Voll LM. Cell wall composition and penetration resistance against the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum higginsianum are affected by impaired starch turnover in Arabidopsis mutants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:701-713. [PMID: 28204541 PMCID: PMC5441917 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Penetration resistance represents the first level of plant defense against phytopathogenic fungi. Here, we report that the starch-deficient Arabidopsis thaliana phosphoglucomutase (pgm) mutant has impaired penetration resistance against the hemibiotrophic fungus Colletotrichum higginsianum. We could not determine any changes in leaf cutin and epicuticular wax composition or indolic glucosinolate levels, but detected complex alterations in the cell wall monosaccharide composition of pgm. Notably, other mutants deficient in starch biosynthesis (adg1) or mobilization (sex1) had similarly affected cell wall composition and penetration resistance. Glycome profiling analysis showed that both overall cell wall polysaccharide extractability and relative extractability of specific pectin and xylan epitopes were affected in pgm, suggesting extensive structural changes in pgm cell walls. Screening of mutants with alterations in content or modification of specific cell wall monosaccharides indicated an important function of pectic polymers for penetration resistance and hyphal growth of C. higginsianum during the biotrophic interaction phase. While mutants with affected pectic rhamnogalacturonan-I (mur8) were hypersusceptible, penetration frequency and morphology of fungal hyphae were impaired on pmr5 pmr6 mutants with increased pectin levels. Our results reveal a strong impact of starch metabolism on cell wall composition and suggest a link between carbohydrate availability, cell wall pectin and penetration resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Engelsdorf
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Division of Biochemistry, Staudtstrasse 5, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Cornelia Will
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Division of Biochemistry, Staudtstrasse 5, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jörg Hofmann
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Division of Biochemistry, Staudtstrasse 5, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christine Schmitt
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Division of Biochemistry, Staudtstrasse 5, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Brian B Merritt
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Leonie Rieger
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Division of Biochemistry, Staudtstrasse 5, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marc S Frenger
- Universität Bonn, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Botany, Department of Ecophysiology, Kirschallee 1, Bonn, Germany
| | - André Marschall
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Division of Biochemistry, Staudtstrasse 5, Erlangen, Germany
- Technische Hochschule Nürnberg Georg-Simon Ohm, Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Rochus B Franke
- Universität Bonn, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Botany, Department of Ecophysiology, Kirschallee 1, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sivakumar Pattathil
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Lars M Voll
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Division of Biochemistry, Staudtstrasse 5, Erlangen, Germany
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Abstract
Mitochondria are vital cytoplasmic organelle of eukaryotic cells responsible for oxidative energy metabolism and the synthesis of intermediates utilized in various other metabolic pathways. The functions of mitochondrion are the oxidation of organic acids by the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and the synthesis of ATP by the oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondrial electron transport chain. The TCA cycle is composed by a set of enzymes that are essential for optimal functioning of the primary carbon metabolism in plants. The activity of each TCA cycle enzyme in plants may vary according to cell type, plant tissue, stage of plant development, and the environment. Here, we describe current methods used for the determination of the TCA cycle enzyme activities in different plant tissues.
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34
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Shen W, Ye L, Ma J, Yuan Z, Zheng B, Lv C, Zhu Z, Chen X, Gao Z, Chen G. The existence of C4-bundle-sheath-like photosynthesis in the mid-vein of C3 rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 9:20. [PMID: 27164981 PMCID: PMC4864733 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-016-0094-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have shown that C4-like photosynthetic pathways partly reside in photosynthetic cells surrounding the vascular system of C3 dicots. However, it is still unclear whether this is the case in C3 monocots, especially at the molecular level. RESULTS In order to fill this gap, we investigated several characteristics required for C4 photosynthesis, including C4 pathway enzymes, cyclic/non-cyclic photophosphorylation rates, the levels and assembly state of photosynthetic machineries, in the mid-veins of C3 monocots rice with leaf laminae used as controls. The signature of photosystem photochemistry was also recorded via non-invasive chlorophyll a fluorescence and reflectance changes at 820 nm in vivo. Our results showed that rice mid-veins were photosynthetically active with higher levels of three C4 decarboxylases. Meanwhile, the linear electron transport chain was blocked in mid-veins due to the selective loss of dysfunctional photosystem II subunits. However, photosystem I was sufficient to support cyclic electron flow in mid-veins, reminiscent of the bundle sheath in C4 plants. CONCLUSIONS The photosynthetic attributes required for C4 photosynthesis were identified for the first time in the monocotyledon model crop rice, suggesting that this is likely a general innate characteristic of C3 plants which might be preconditioned for the C4 pathway evolution. Understanding these attributes would provide a base for improved strategies for engineering C4 photosynthetic pathways into rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Luhuan Ye
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jing Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhongyuan Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Baogang Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chuangen Lv
- Institute of Food and Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Ziqiang Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Zhiping Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Guoxiang Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Proteomics provides insights into biological pathways altered by plant growth promoting bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhiza in sorghum grown in marginal soil. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2016; 1865:243-251. [PMID: 27913282 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Sorghum is an economically important crop, a model system for gene discovery and a biofuel source. Sorghum seedlings were subjected to three microbial treatments, plant growth promoting bacteria (B), arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi mix with two Glomus species (G. aggregatum and G. etunicatum), Funelliformis mosseae and Rhizophagus irregularis (My), and B and My combined (My+B). Proteomic analysis was conducted followed by integration with metabolite, plant biomass and nutrient data. Out of 366 differentially expressed proteins in sorghum roots, 44 upregulated proteins overlapping among three treatment groups showed positive correlation with sorghum biomass or element uptake or both. Proteins upregulated only in B group include asparagine synthetase which showed negative correlation with biomass and uptake of elements. Phosphoribosyl amino imidazole succinocarboxamide protein with more than 50-fold change in My and My+B groups correlated positively with Ca, Cu, S and sucrose levels in roots. The B group showed the highest number of upregulated proteins among the three groups with negative correlation with sorghum biomass and element uptake. KEGG pathway analysis identified carbon fixation as the unique pathway associated with common upregulated proteins while biosynthesis of amino acids and fatty acid degradation were associated with common downregulated proteins. Protein-protein interaction analysis using STRING identified a major network with thirteen downregulated proteins. These findings suggest that plant-growth-promoting-bacteria alone or in combination with mycorrhiza enhanced radical scavenging system and increased levels of specific proteins thereby shifting the metabolism towards synthesis of carbohydrates resulting in sorghum biomass increase and uptake of nutrients.
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Fabro G, Rizzi YS, Alvarez ME. Arabidopsis Proline Dehydrogenase Contributes to Flagellin-Mediated PAMP-Triggered Immunity by Affecting RBOHD. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2016; 29:620-8. [PMID: 27269509 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-01-16-0003-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plants activate different defense systems to counteract the attack of microbial pathogens. Among them, the recognition of conserved microbial- or pathogen-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs or PAMPs) by pattern-recognition receptors stimulates MAMP- or PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI). In recent years, the elicitors, receptors, and signaling pathways leading to PTI have been extensively studied. However, the contribution of organelles to this program deserves further characterization. Here, we studied how processes altering the mitochondrial electron transport chain (mETC) influence PTI establishment. With particular emphasis, we evaluated the effect of proline dehydrogenase (ProDH), an enzyme that can load electrons into the mETC and regulate the cellular redox state. We found that mETC uncouplers (antimycin or rotenone) and manganese superoxide dismutase deficiency impair flg22-induced responses such as accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and bacterial growth limitation. ProDH mutants also reduce these defenses, decreasing callose deposition as well. Using ProDH inhibitors and ProDH inducers (exogenous Pro treatment), we showed that this enzyme modulates the generation of ROS by the plasma membrane respiratory burst NADPH oxidase homolog D. In this way, we contribute to the understanding of mitochondrial activities influencing early and late PTI responses and the coordination of the redox-associated mitochondrial enzyme ProDH with defense events initiated at the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Fabro
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, CIQUIBIC, CONICET, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Yanina Soledad Rizzi
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, CIQUIBIC, CONICET, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Elena Alvarez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, CIQUIBIC, CONICET, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
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The Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria Type-3 Effector XopB Inhibits Plant Defence Responses by Interfering with ROS Production. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159107. [PMID: 27398933 PMCID: PMC4939948 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria 85-10 (Xcv) translocates about 30 type-3 effector proteins (T3Es) into pepper plants (Capsicum annuum) to suppress plant immune responses. Among them is XopB which interferes with PTI, ETI and sugar-mediated defence responses, but the underlying molecular mechanisms and direct targets are unknown so far. Here, we examined the XopB-mediated suppression of plant defence responses in more detail. Infection of susceptible pepper plants with Xcv lacking xopB resulted in delayed symptom development compared to Xcv wild type infection concomitant with an increased formation of salicylic acid (SA) and expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes. Expression of xopB in Arabidopsis thaliana promoted the growth of the virulent Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000 strain. This was paralleled by a decreased SA-pool and a lower induction of SA-dependent PR gene expression. The expression pattern of early flg22-responsive marker genes indicated that MAPK signalling was not altered in the presence of XopB. However, XopB inhibited the flg22-triggered burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Consequently, the transcript accumulation of AtOXI1, a ROS-dependent marker gene, was reduced in xopB-expressing Arabidopsis plants as well as callose deposition. The lower ROS production correlated with a low level of basal and flg22-triggered expression of apoplastic peroxidases and the NADPH oxidase RBOHD. Conversely, deletion of xopB in Xcv caused a higher production of ROS in leaves of susceptible pepper plants. Together our results demonstrate that XopB modulates ROS responses and might thereby compromise plant defence.
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38
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Takáč T, Vadovič P, Pechan T, Luptovčiak I, Šamajová O, Šamaj J. Comparative proteomic study of Arabidopsis mutants mpk4 and mpk6. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28306. [PMID: 27324189 PMCID: PMC4915016 DOI: 10.1038/srep28306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Arabidopsis MPK4 and MPK6 are implicated in different signalling pathways responding to diverse external stimuli. This was recently correlated with transcriptomic profiles of Arabidopsis mpk4 and mpk6 mutants, and thus it should be reflected also on the level of constitutive proteomes. Therefore, we performed a shot gun comparative proteomic analysis of Arabidopsis mpk4 and mpk6 mutant roots. We have used bioinformatic tools and propose several new proteins as putative MPK4 and MPK6 phosphorylation targets. Among these proteins in the mpk6 mutant were important modulators of development such as CDC48A and phospholipase D alpha 1. In the case of the mpk4 mutant transcriptional reprogramming might be mediated by phosphorylation and change in the abundance of mRNA decapping complex VCS. Further comparison of mpk4 and mpk6 root differential proteomes showed differences in the composition and regulation of defense related proteins. The mpk4 mutant showed altered abundances of antioxidant proteins. The examination of catalase activity in response to oxidative stress revealed that this enzyme might be preferentially regulated by MPK4. Finally, we proposed developmentally important proteins as either directly or indirectly regulated by MPK4 and MPK6. These proteins contribute to known phenotypic defects in the mpk4 and mpk6 mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Takáč
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavol Vadovič
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tibor Pechan
- Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing &Biotechnology, Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State University, MS 39759, USA
| | - Ivan Luptovčiak
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Šamajová
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Šamaj
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Singh R, Dangol S, Chen Y, Choi J, Cho YS, Lee JE, Choi MO, Jwa NS. Magnaporthe oryzae Effector AVR-Pii Helps to Establish Compatibility by Inhibition of the Rice NADP-Malic Enzyme Resulting in Disruption of Oxidative Burst and Host Innate Immunity. Mol Cells 2016; 39:426-38. [PMID: 27126515 PMCID: PMC4870191 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2016.0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant disease resistance occurs as a hypersensitive response (HR) at the site of attempted pathogen invasion. This specific event is initiated in response to recognition of pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) and subsequent PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Both PTI and ETI mechanisms are tightly connected with reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and disease resistance that involves distinct biphasic ROS production as one of its pivotal plant immune responses. This unique oxidative burst is strongly dependent on the resistant cultivars because a monophasic ROS burst is a hallmark of the susceptible cultivars. However, the cause of the differential ROS burst remains unknown. In the study here, we revealed the plausible underlying mechanism of the differential ROS burst through functional understanding of the Magnaporthe oryzae (M. oryzae) AVR effector, AVR-Pii. We performed yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) screening using AVR-Pii as bait and isolated rice NADP-malic enzyme2 (Os-NADP-ME2) as the rice target protein. To our surprise, deletion of the rice Os-NADP-ME2 gene in a resistant rice cultivar disrupted innate immunity against the rice blast fungus. Malic enzyme activity and inhibition studies demonstrated that AVR-Pii proteins specifically inhibit in vitro NADP-ME activity. Overall, we demonstrate that rice blast fungus, M. oryzae attenuates the host ROS burst via AVR-Pii-mediated inhibition of Os-NADP-ME2, which is indispensable in ROS metabolism for the innate immunity of rice. This characterization of the regulation of the host oxidative burst will help to elucidate how the products of AVR genes function associated with virulence of the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raksha Singh
- Division of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747,
Korea
| | - Sarmina Dangol
- Division of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747,
Korea
| | - Yafei Chen
- Division of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747,
Korea
| | - Jihyun Choi
- Division of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747,
Korea
| | - Yoon-Seong Cho
- Division of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747,
Korea
| | - Jea-Eun Lee
- Division of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747,
Korea
| | - Mi-Ok Choi
- Division of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747,
Korea
| | - Nam-Soo Jwa
- Division of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747,
Korea
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40
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Noctor G, Mhamdi A, Foyer CH. Oxidative stress and antioxidative systems: recipes for successful data collection and interpretation. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2016; 39:1140-60. [PMID: 26864619 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are common to many fundamental responses of plants. Enormous and ever-growing interest has focused on this research area, leading to an extensive literature that documents the tremendous progress made in recent years. As in other areas of plant biology, advances have been greatly facilitated by developments in genomics-dependent technologies and the application of interdisciplinary techniques that generate information at multiple levels. At the same time, advances in understanding ROS are fundamentally reliant on the use of biochemical and cell biology techniques that are specific to the study of oxidative stress. It is therefore timely to revisit these approaches with the aim of providing a guide to convenient methods and assisting interested researchers in avoiding potential pitfalls. Our critical overview of currently popular methodologies includes a detailed discussion of approaches used to generate oxidative stress, measurements of ROS themselves, determination of major antioxidant metabolites, assays of antioxidative enzymes and marker transcripts for oxidative stress. We consider the applicability of metabolomics, proteomics and transcriptomics approaches and discuss markers such as damage to DNA and RNA. Our discussion of current methodologies is firmly anchored to future technological developments within this popular research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Noctor
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris Saclay IPS2, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 630, 91405, Orsay, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Bâtiment 630, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Amna Mhamdi
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris Saclay IPS2, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 630, 91405, Orsay, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Bâtiment 630, 91405, Orsay, France
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, VIB, Department of Plant Systems Biology, Technologie Park 927, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christine H Foyer
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology and Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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Mostafa I, Zhu N, Yoo MJ, Balmant KM, Misra BB, Dufresne C, Abou-Hashem M, Chen S, El-Domiaty M. New nodes and edges in the glucosinolate molecular network revealed by proteomics and metabolomics of Arabidopsis myb28/29 and cyp79B2/B3 glucosinolate mutants. J Proteomics 2016; 138:1-19. [PMID: 26915584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Glucosinolates present in Brassicales are important for human health and plant defense against insects and pathogens. Here we investigate the proteomes and metabolomes of Arabidopsis myb28/29 and cyp79B2/B3 mutants deficient in aliphatic glucosinolates and indolic glucosinolates, respectively. Quantitative proteomics of the myb28/29 and cyp79B2/B3 mutants led to the identification of 2785 proteins, of which 142 proteins showed significant changes in the two mutants compared to wild type (WT). By mapping the differential proteins using STRING, we detected 59 new edges in the glucosinolate metabolic network. These connections can be classified as primary with direct roles in glucosinolate metabolism, secondary related to plant stress responses, and tertiary involved in other biological processes. Gene Ontology analysis of the differential proteins showed high level of enrichment in the nodes belonging to metabolic process including glucosinolate biosynthesis and response to stimulus. Using metabolomics, we quantified 292 metabolites covering a broad spectrum of metabolic pathways, and 89 exhibited differential accumulation patterns between the mutants and WT. The changing metabolites (e.g., γ-glutamyl amino acids, auxins and glucosinolate hydrolysis products) complement our proteomics findings. This study contributes toward engineering and breeding of glucosinolate profiles in plants in efforts to improve human health, crop quality and productivity. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Glucosinolates in Brassicales constitute an important group of natural metabolites important for plant defense and human health. Its biosynthetic pathways and transcriptional regulation have been well-studied. Using Arabidopsis mutants of important genes in glucosinolate biosynthesis, quantitative proteomics and metabolomics led to identification of many proteins and metabolites that are potentially related to glucosinolate metabolism. This study provides a comprehensive insight into the molecular networks of glucosinolate metabolism, and will facilitate efforts toward engineering and breeding of glucosinolate profiles for enhanced crop defense, and nutritional value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam Mostafa
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Ning Zhu
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Mi-Jeong Yoo
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Kelly M Balmant
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Biswapriya B Misra
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Craig Dufresne
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, West Palm Beach, FL 33407, USA
| | - Maged Abou-Hashem
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Sixue Chen
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Maher El-Domiaty
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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Pennington HG, Gheorghe DM, Damerum A, Pliego C, Spanu PD, Cramer R, Bindschedler LV. Interactions between the Powdery Mildew Effector BEC1054 and Barley Proteins Identify Candidate Host Targets. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:826-39. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helen G. Pennington
- Department
of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Dana M. Gheorghe
- Department
of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Annabelle Damerum
- Department
of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Clara Pliego
- Department
of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Pietro D. Spanu
- Department
of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Rainer Cramer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
| | - Laurence V. Bindschedler
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
- School
of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
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Genome-wide identification, classification, and analysis of NADP-ME family members from 12 crucifer species. Mol Genet Genomics 2016; 291:1167-80. [PMID: 26839002 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-016-1174-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
NADP-dependent malic enzymes (NADP-MEs) play essential roles in both normal development and stress responses in plants. Here, genome-wide analysis was performed to identify 65 putative NADP-ME genes from 12 crucifer species. These NADP-ME genes were grouped into five categories of syntenic orthologous genes and were divided into three clades of a phylogenic tree. Promoter motif analysis showed that NADP-ME1 genes in Group IV were more conserved with each other than the other NADP-ME genes in Groups I and II. A nucleotide motif involved in ABA responses, desiccation and seed development was found in the promoters of most NADP-ME1 genes. Generally, the NADP-ME genes of Brassica rapa, B. oleracea and B. napus had less introns than their corresponding Arabidopsis orthologs. In these three Brassica species, the NADP-ME genes derived from the least fractionated subgenome have lost less introns than those from the medium fractionated and most fractionated subgenomes. BrNADP-ME1 showed the highest expression in petals and mature embryos. Two paralogous NADP-ME2 genes (BrNADP-ME2a and BrNADP-ME2b) shared similar expression profiles and differential expression levels. BrNADP-ME3 showed down-regulation during embryogenesis and reached its lowest expression in early cotyledonary embryos. BrNADP-ME4 was expressed widely in multiple organs and showed high expression during the whole embryogenesis process. Different NADP-ME genes of B. rapa showed differential gene expression profiles in young leaves after ABA treatment or cold stress. Our genome-wide identification and characterization of NADP-ME genes extend our understanding of the evolution or function of this family in Brassicaceae.
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Naconsie M, Lertpanyasampatha M, Viboonjun U, Netrphan S, Kuwano M, Ogasawara N, Narangajavana J. Cassava root membrane proteome reveals activities during storage root maturation. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2016; 129:51-65. [PMID: 26547558 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-015-0761-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is one of the most important crops of Thailand. Its storage roots are used as food, feed, starch production, and be the important source for biofuel and biodegradable plastic production. Despite the importance of cassava storage roots, little is known about the mechanisms involved in their formation. This present study has focused on comparison of the expression profiles of cassava root proteome at various developmental stages using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and LC-MS/MS. Based on an anatomical study using Toluidine Blue, the secondary growth was confirmed to be essential during the development of cassava storage root. To investigate biochemical processes occurring during storage root maturation, soluble and membrane proteins were isolated from storage roots harvested from 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month-old cassava plants. The proteins with differential expression pattern were analysed and identified to be associated with 8 functional groups: protein folding and degradation, energy, metabolism, secondary metabolism, stress response, transport facilitation, cytoskeleton, and unclassified function. The expression profiling of membrane proteins revealed the proteins involved in protein folding and degradation, energy, and cell structure were highly expressed during early stages of development. Integration of these data along with the information available in genome and transcriptome databases is critical to expand knowledge obtained solely from the field of proteomics. Possible role of identified proteins were discussed in relation with the activities during storage root maturation in cassava.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maliwan Naconsie
- Deparment of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Rd.,Rajthewee, Phayathai, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Manassawe Lertpanyasampatha
- Deparment of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Rd.,Rajthewee, Phayathai, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Unchera Viboonjun
- Deparment of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Phayathai, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Supatcharee Netrphan
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Rangsit, Pathumthani, 10210, Thailand
| | - Masayoshi Kuwano
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Naotake Ogasawara
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Jarunya Narangajavana
- Deparment of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Rd.,Rajthewee, Phayathai, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
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Mattei B, Spinelli F, Pontiggia D, De Lorenzo G. Comprehensive Analysis of the Membrane Phosphoproteome Regulated by Oligogalacturonides in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1107. [PMID: 27532006 PMCID: PMC4969306 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Early changes in the Arabidopsis thaliana membrane phosphoproteome in response to oligogalacturonides (OGs), a class of plant damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), were analyzed by two complementary proteomic approaches. Differentially phosphorylated sites were determined through phosphopeptide enrichment followed by LC-MS/MS using label-free quantification; differentially phosphorylated proteins were identified by 2D-DIGE combined with phospho-specific fluorescent staining (phospho-DIGE). This large-scale phosphoproteome analysis of early OG-signaling enabled us to determine 100 regulated phosphosites using LC-MS/MS and 46 differential spots corresponding to 34 pdhosphoproteins using phospho-DIGE. Functional classification showed that the OG-responsive phosphoproteins include kinases, phosphatases and receptor-like kinases, heat shock proteins (HSPs), reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging enzymes, proteins related to cellular trafficking, transport, defense and signaling as well as novel candidates for a role in immunity, for which elicitor-induced phosphorylation changes have not been shown before. A comparison with previously identified elicitor-regulated phosphosites shows only a very limited overlap, uncovering the immune-related regulation of 70 phosphorylation sites and revealing novel potential players in the regulation of elicitor-dependent immunity.
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46
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Badia MB, Arias CL, Tronconi MA, Maurino VG, Andreo CS, Drincovich MF, Wheeler MCG. Enhanced cytosolic NADP-ME2 activity in A. thaliana affects plant development, stress tolerance and specific diurnal and nocturnal cellular processes. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 240:193-203. [PMID: 26475199 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana has four NADP-dependent malic enzymes (NADP-ME 1-4) for reversible malate decarboxylation, with NADP-ME2 being the only cytosolic isoform ubiquitously expressed and responsible for most of the total activity. In this work, we further investigated its physiological function by characterizing Arabidopsis plants over-expressing NADP-ME2 constitutively. In comparison to wild type, these plants exhibited reduced rosette and root sizes, delayed flowering time and increased sensitivity to mannitol and polyethylene glycol. The increased NADP-ME2 activity led to a decreased expression of other ME and malate dehydrogenase isoforms and generated a redox imbalance with opposite characteristics depending on the time point of the day analyzed. The over-expressing plants also presented a higher content of C4 organic acids and sugars under normal growth conditions. However, the accumulation of these metabolites in the over-expressing plants was substantially less pronounced after osmotic stress exposure compared to wild type. Also, a lower level of several amino acids and osmoprotector compounds was observed in transgenic plants. Thus, the gain of NADP-ME2 expression has profound consequences in the modulation of primary metabolism in A. thaliana, which reflect the relevance of this enzyme and its substrates and products in plant homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana B Badia
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Cintia L Arias
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Marcos A Tronconi
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Verónica G Maurino
- Institute of Developmental and Molecular Biology of Plants, Plant Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology Group, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Universitätsstr. 1, and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Carlos S Andreo
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - María F Drincovich
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Mariel C Gerrard Wheeler
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina.
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Maurino VG, Engqvist MKM. 2-Hydroxy Acids in Plant Metabolism. THE ARABIDOPSIS BOOK 2015; 13:e0182. [PMID: 26380567 PMCID: PMC4568905 DOI: 10.1199/tab.0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Glycolate, malate, lactate, and 2-hydroxyglutarate are important 2-hydroxy acids (2HA) in plant metabolism. Most of them can be found as D- and L-stereoisomers. These 2HA play an integral role in plant primary metabolism, where they are involved in fundamental pathways such as photorespiration, tricarboxylic acid cycle, glyoxylate cycle, methylglyoxal pathway, and lysine catabolism. Recent molecular studies in Arabidopsis thaliana have helped elucidate the participation of these 2HA in in plant metabolism and physiology. In this chapter, we summarize the current knowledge about the metabolic pathways and cellular processes in which they are involved, focusing on the proteins that participate in their metabolism and cellular/intracellular transport in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica G. Maurino
- institute of Developmental and Molecular Biology of Plants, Plant Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology Group, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstraße 1, and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martin K. M. Engqvist
- institute of Developmental and Molecular Biology of Plants, Plant Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology Group, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstraße 1, and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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48
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Korn M, Schmidpeter J, Dahl M, Müller S, Voll LM, Koch C. A Genetic Screen for Pathogenicity Genes in the Hemibiotrophic Fungus Colletotrichum higginsianum Identifies the Plasma Membrane Proton Pump Pma2 Required for Host Penetration. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125960. [PMID: 25992547 PMCID: PMC4437780 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We used insertional mutagenesis by Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation (ATMT) to isolate pathogenicity mutants of Colletotrichum higginsianum. From a collection of 7200 insertion mutants we isolated 75 mutants with reduced symptoms. 19 of these were affected in host penetration, while 17 were affected in later stages of infection, like switching to necrotrophic growth. For 16 mutants the location of T-DNA insertions could be identified by PCR. A potential plasma membrane H+-ATPase Pma2 was targeted in five independent insertion mutants. We genetically inactivated the Ku80 component of the non-homologous end-joining pathway in C. higginsianum to establish an efficient gene knockout protocol. Chpma2 deletion mutants generated by homologous recombination in the ΔChku80 background form fully melanized appressoria but entirely fail to penetrate the host tissue and are non-pathogenic. The ChPMA2 gene is induced upon appressoria formation and infection of A. thaliana. Pma2 activity is not important for vegetative growth of saprophytically growing mycelium, since the mutant shows no growth penalty under these conditions. Colletotrichum higginsianum codes for a closely related gene (ChPMA1), which is highly expressed under most growth conditions. ChPMA1 is more similar to the homologous yeast genes for plasma membrane pumps. We propose that expression of a specific proton pump early during infection may be common to many appressoria forming fungal pathogens as we found ChPMA2 orthologs in several plant pathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Korn
- Department of Biology, Division of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstrasse 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Schmidpeter
- Department of Biology, Division of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstrasse 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marlis Dahl
- Department of Biology, Division of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstrasse 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Susanne Müller
- Department of Biology, Division of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstrasse 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lars M. Voll
- Department of Biology, Division of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstrasse 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Koch
- Department of Biology, Division of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstrasse 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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49
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Noctor G, Lelarge-Trouverie C, Mhamdi A. The metabolomics of oxidative stress. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2015; 112:33-53. [PMID: 25306398 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress resulting from increased availability of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a key component of many responses of plants to challenging environmental conditions. The consequences for plant metabolism are complex and manifold. We review data on small compounds involved in oxidative stress, including ROS themselves and antioxidants and redox buffers in the membrane and soluble phases, and we discuss the wider consequences for plant primary and secondary metabolism. While metabolomics has been exploited in many studies on stress, there have been relatively few non-targeted studies focused on how metabolite signatures respond specifically to oxidative stress. As part of the discussion, we present results and reanalyze published datasets on metabolite profiles in catalase-deficient plants, which can be considered to be model oxidative stress systems. We emphasize the roles of ROS-triggered changes in metabolites as potential oxidative signals, and discuss responses that might be useful as markers for oxidative stress. Particular attention is paid to lipid-derived compounds, the status of antioxidants and antioxidant breakdown products, altered metabolism of amino acids, and the roles of phytohormone pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Noctor
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, UMR8618 CNRS, Université de Paris sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France.
| | | | - Amna Mhamdi
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, UMR8618 CNRS, Université de Paris sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
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50
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Lehmann S, Serrano M, L'Haridon F, Tjamos SE, Metraux JP. Reactive oxygen species and plant resistance to fungal pathogens. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2015; 112:54-62. [PMID: 25264341 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been studied for their role in plant development as well as in plant immunity. ROS were consistently observed to accumulate in the plant after the perception of pathogens and microbes and over the years, ROS were postulated to be an integral part of the defence response of the plant. In this article we will focus on recent findings about ROS involved in the interaction of plants with pathogenic fungi. We will describe the ways to detect ROS, their modes of action and their importance in relation to resistance to fungal pathogens. In addition we include some results from works focussing on the fungal interactor and from studies investigating roots during pathogen attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Lehmann
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 10 chemin du Musée, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Mario Serrano
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 10 chemin du Musée, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Floriane L'Haridon
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 10 chemin du Musée, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Sotirios E Tjamos
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 118 55 Athens, Greece.
| | - Jean-Pierre Metraux
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 10 chemin du Musée, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
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