1
|
Quigley KS, Gianaros PJ, Norman GJ, Jennings JR, Berntson GG, de Geus EJC. Publication guidelines for human heart rate and heart rate variability studies in psychophysiology-Part 1: Physiological underpinnings and foundations of measurement. Psychophysiology 2024:e14604. [PMID: 38873876 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
This Committee Report provides methodological, interpretive, and reporting guidance for researchers who use measures of heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) in psychophysiological research. We provide brief summaries of best practices in measuring HR and HRV via electrocardiographic and photoplethysmographic signals in laboratory, field (ambulatory), and brain-imaging contexts to address research questions incorporating measures of HR and HRV. The Report emphasizes evidence for the strengths and weaknesses of different recording and derivation methods for measures of HR and HRV. Along with this guidance, the Report reviews what is known about the origin of the heartbeat and its neural control, including factors that produce and influence HRV metrics. The Report concludes with checklists to guide authors in study design and analysis considerations, as well as guidance on the reporting of key methodological details and characteristics of the samples under study. It is expected that rigorous and transparent recording and reporting of HR and HRV measures will strengthen inferences across the many applications of these metrics in psychophysiology. The prior Committee Reports on HR and HRV are several decades old. Since their appearance, technologies for human cardiac and vascular monitoring in laboratory and daily life (i.e., ambulatory) contexts have greatly expanded. This Committee Report was prepared for the Society for Psychophysiological Research to provide updated methodological and interpretive guidance, as well as to summarize best practices for reporting HR and HRV studies in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen S Quigley
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter J Gianaros
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Greg J Norman
- Department of Psychology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - J Richard Jennings
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gary G Berntson
- Department of Psychology & Psychiatry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Eco J C de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang X, Gatzke-Kopp LM, Cole PM, Ram N. A dynamic systems account of parental self-regulation processes in the context of challenging child behavior. Child Dev 2022; 93:e501-e514. [PMID: 35635069 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
To advance the understanding of how parental self-regulation contributes to their role in supporting children's development, this study proposes a model of the dynamic processes involved in parental self-regulation. Based on time-series data from 157 mothers and their 30- to 60-month-old children (49.7% female; 96% White; data collected June 2017-December 2019 in central Pennsylvania, U.S.) during a challenging wait task, the model was tested by examining the temporal relations among challenging child behavior, maternal physiology, and maternal responsiveness. Results were consistent with the hypothesized dynamic negative feedback processes and revealed their associations with the overall quality of parenting behaviors and experiences. Findings elucidate how parents adapt to competing external (attending to child) and internal (restoring parents' equilibrium) demands during parenting challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xutong Zhang
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lisa M Gatzke-Kopp
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Pamela M Cole
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nilam Ram
- Departments of Communication and Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gatzke-Kopp L, Zhang X, Creavey KL, Skowron EA. An event-based analysis of maternal physiological reactivity following aversive child behaviors. Psychophysiology 2022; 59:e14093. [PMID: 35567524 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Research investigating the association between parents' physiological reactivity and their ability to self-regulate in parenting contexts typically examines the average physiological response across the duration of a dyadic task, conflating reactivity across a multitude of parent and child behaviors. The present study utilized a moving-window analytical technique to generate a continuous, second × second time series of mothers' high-frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV) to conduct an event-based analysis of maternal reactivity in the 10 s following an aversive child event. Analyses examined whether maternal reactivity related to parenting behaviors similarly among maltreating (n = 48) and non-maltreating (n = 29) mother-preschooler dyads. Results indicate that maternal behavior was not associated with average HF-HRV reactivity, but mothers who demonstrated an increase in HF-HRV immediately following a negative child event were more likely to engage in behaviors to return the dyad to a positive state. Findings were specific to incidents of negative child behavior, and results were not moderated by maltreatment status. These results highlight the value of using an event-based design to isolate reactivity in response to targeted events to understand how physiological reactivity supports parenting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Gatzke-Kopp
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xutong Zhang
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kristine L Creavey
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.,School of Social Work, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fraga González G, Smit DJA, van der Molen MJW, Tijms J, de Geus EJC, van der Molen MW. Probability learning and feedback processing in dyslexia: A performance and heart rate analysis. Psychophysiology 2019; 56:e13460. [PMID: 31435961 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that individuals with dyslexia may be impaired in probability learning and performance monitoring. These observations are consistent with findings indicating atypical neural activations in frontostriatal circuits in the brain, which are important for associative learning. The current study further examined probability learning and performance monitoring in adult individuals with dyslexia (n = 23) and typical readers (n = 31) using two varieties of a typical probabilistic learning task. In addition to performance measures, we measured heart rate, focusing on cardiac slowing with negative feedback as a manifestation of the automatic performance monitoring system. One task required participants to learn associations between artificial script and speech sounds and the other task required them to learn associations between geometric forms and bird sounds. Corrective feedback (informative or random) was provided in both tasks. Performance results indicated that individuals with dyslexia and typical readers learned the associations equally well in contrast to expectations. We found the typical cardiac response associated with feedback processing consisting of a heart rate slowing with the presentation of the feedback and a return to baseline thereafter. Interestingly, the heart rate slowing associated with feedback was less pronounced and the return to baseline was delayed in individuals with dyslexia relative to typical readers. These findings were interpreted in relation to current theorizing of performance monitoring linking the salience network in the brain to autonomic functioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Fraga González
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Rudolf Berlin Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - D J A Smit
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M J W van der Molen
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J Tijms
- Rudolf Berlin Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,IWAL Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E J C de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M W van der Molen
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mulcahy JS, Larsson DEO, Garfinkel SN, Critchley HD. Heart rate variability as a biomarker in health and affective disorders: A perspective on neuroimaging studies. Neuroimage 2019; 202:116072. [PMID: 31386920 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamic embodiment of psychological processes is evident in the association of health outcomes, behavioural traits and psychological functioning with Heart Rate Variability (HRV). The dominant high-frequency component of HRV is an index of the central neural control of heart rhythm, mediated via the parasympathetic vagus nerve. HRV provides a potential objective measure of action policies for the adaptive and predictive allostatic regulation of homeostasis within the cardiovascular system. In its support, a network of brain regions (referred to as the 'central autonomic network') maps internal state, and controls autonomic responses. This network includes regions of prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, insula, amygdala, periaqueductal grey, pons and medulla. Human neuroimaging studies of neural activation and functional connectivity broadly endorse this architecture, and its link with cardiac regulation at rest and dysregulation in clinical states that include affective disorders. In this review, we appraise neuroimaging research and related evidence for HRV as an informative marker of autonomic integration with affect and cognition, taking a perspective on function and organisation. We consider evidence for the utility of HRV as a metric to inform targeted interventions to improve autonomic and affective dysregulation, and suggest research questions for further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James S Mulcahy
- Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Falmer, BN1 9RY, UK.
| | | | - Sarah N Garfinkel
- Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Falmer, BN1 9RY, UK; Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science, University of Sussex, Falmer, BN1 9RR, UK; Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton, BN2 3EW, UK
| | - Hugo D Critchley
- Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Falmer, BN1 9RY, UK; Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science, University of Sussex, Falmer, BN1 9RR, UK; Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton, BN2 3EW, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Visceral Signals Shape Brain Dynamics and Cognition. Trends Cogn Sci 2019; 23:488-509. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
7
|
Kim K, Ladenbauer J, Babo-Rebelo M, Buot A, Lehongre K, Adam C, Hasboun D, Lambrecq V, Navarro V, Ostojic S, Tallon-Baudry C. Resting-State Neural Firing Rate Is Linked to Cardiac-Cycle Duration in the Human Cingulate and Parahippocampal Cortices. J Neurosci 2019; 39:3676-3686. [PMID: 30842247 PMCID: PMC6510341 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2291-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulation and functional imaging studies have revealed the existence of a large network of cortical regions involved in the regulation of heart rate. However, very little is known about the link between cortical neural firing and cardiac-cycle duration (CCD). Here, we analyze single-unit and multiunit data obtained in humans at rest, and show that firing rate covaries with CCD in 16.7% of the sample (25 of 150). The link between firing rate and CCD was most prevalent in the anterior medial temporal lobe (entorhinal and perirhinal cortices, anterior hippocampus, and amygdala), where 36% (18 of 50) of the units show the effect, and to a lesser extent in the mid-to-anterior cingulate cortex (11.1%, 5 of 45). The variance in firing rate explained by CCD ranged from 0.5 to 11%. Several lines of analysis indicate that neural firing influences CCD, rather than the other way around, and that neural firing affects CCD through vagally mediated mechanisms in most cases. These results show that part of the spontaneous fluctuations in firing rate can be attributed to the cortical control of the cardiac cycle. The fine tuning of the regulation of CCD represents a novel physiological factor accounting for spontaneous variance in firing rate. It remains to be determined whether the "noise" introduced in firing rate by the regulation of CCD is detrimental or beneficial to the cognitive information processing carried out in the parahippocampal and cingulate regions.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Fluctuations in heart rate are known to be under the control of cortical structures, but spontaneous fluctuations in cortical firing rate, or "noise," have seldom been related to heart rate. Here, we analyze unit activity in humans at rest and show that spontaneous fluctuations in neural firing in the medial temporal lobe, as well as in the mid-to-anterior cingulate cortex, influence heart rate. This phenomenon was particularly pronounced in the entorhinal and perirhinal cortices, where it could be observed in one of three neurons. Our results show that part of spontaneous firing rate variability in regions best known for their cognitive role in spatial navigation and memory corresponds to precise physiological regulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kayeon Kim
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Computationnelles, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, École Normale Supérieure, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, 75005 Paris, France,
| | - Josef Ladenbauer
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Computationnelles, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, École Normale Supérieure, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Mariana Babo-Rebelo
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Computationnelles, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, École Normale Supérieure, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Sorbonne Université, 75252 Paris, France, and
| | - Anne Buot
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Computationnelles, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, École Normale Supérieure, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Katia Lehongre
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Sorbonne Université, 75252 Paris, France, and
| | - Claude Adam
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Sorbonne Université, 75252 Paris, France, and
- Epileptology Unit and Neurophysiology Department, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière Charles Foix, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Dominique Hasboun
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Sorbonne Université, 75252 Paris, France, and
- Epileptology Unit and Neurophysiology Department, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière Charles Foix, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Virginie Lambrecq
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Sorbonne Université, 75252 Paris, France, and
- Epileptology Unit and Neurophysiology Department, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière Charles Foix, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Vincent Navarro
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Sorbonne Université, 75252 Paris, France, and
- Epileptology Unit and Neurophysiology Department, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière Charles Foix, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Srdjan Ostojic
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Computationnelles, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, École Normale Supérieure, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Catherine Tallon-Baudry
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Computationnelles, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, École Normale Supérieure, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cobos MI, Guerra PM, Vila J, Chica AB. Heart-rate modulations reveal attention and consciousness interactions. Psychophysiology 2018; 56:e13295. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María I. Cobos
- Brain, Mind, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC); University of Granada; Granada Spain
- Department of Experimental Psychology; University of Granada; Granada Spain
| | - Pedro M. Guerra
- Brain, Mind, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC); University of Granada; Granada Spain
- Department of Clinical Psychology; University of Granada; Granada Spain
| | - Jaime Vila
- Brain, Mind, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC); University of Granada; Granada Spain
- Department of Clinical Psychology; University of Granada; Granada Spain
| | - Ana B. Chica
- Brain, Mind, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC); University of Granada; Granada Spain
- Department of Experimental Psychology; University of Granada; Granada Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Spruit IM, Wilderjans TF, van Steenbergen H. Heart work after errors: Behavioral adjustment following error commission involves cardiac effort. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2018; 18:375-388. [PMID: 29464553 PMCID: PMC5889424 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-018-0576-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Posterror slowing (PES) is the observation that people respond slower on trials subsequent to error commissions than on trials subsequent to correct responses. Different accounts have been proposed to explain PES. On the one hand, it has been suggested that PES arises from an adaptive increase in cognitive control following error commission, thereby making people more cautious after making an error. On the other hand, PES has been attributed to an orienting response, indicating that attention is shifted toward the error. In the present study we tested these accounts by investigating the effects of error commission in both flanker and switch tasks on two task-evoked cardiac measures: the interbeat interval-that is, the interval between two consecutive R peaks-and the RZ interval-that is, the interval between the R peak and the Z point-as measured using electro- and impedance cardiography, respectively. These measures allowed us to measure cardiac deceleration (autonomic orienting) and cardiac effort mobilization, respectively. Our results revealed a shorter RZ interval during posterror trials, indicating increased effort mobilization following errors. In addition, we replicated earlier studies that have shown cardiac slowing during error trials. However, multilevel analyses showed that only the posterror decrease in RZ interval predicted posterror reaction times, whereas there was no positive relationship between error-related cardiac deceleration and posterror reaction times. Our results suggest that PES is related to increased cardiac effort, supporting a cognitive-control account of PES.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iris M Spruit
- Cognitive Psychology Unit, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg, 52 2333 AK, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tom F Wilderjans
- Research Group of Methodology and Statistics, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Research Group of Quantitative Psychology and Individual Differences, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Henk van Steenbergen
- Cognitive Psychology Unit, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg, 52 2333 AK, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Łukowska M, Sznajder M, Wierzchoń M. Error-related cardiac response as information for visibility judgements. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1131. [PMID: 29348407 PMCID: PMC5773515 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19144-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Interoception provides information about the saliency of external or internal sensory events and thus may inform perceptual decision-making. Error in performance is an example of a motivationally significant internal event that evokes autonomic nervous system response resembling the orienting response: heart rate deceleration, increased skin conductance response, and pupil dilation. Here, we investigate whether error-related cardiac activity may serve as a source of information when making metacognitive judgments in an orientation discrimination backward masking task. In the first experiment, we found that the heart accelerates less after an incorrect stimuli discrimination than after a correct one. Moreover, this difference becomes more pronounced with increasing subjective visibility of the stimuli. In the second experiment, this accuracy-dependent pattern of cardiac activity was found only when participants listened to their own heartbeats, but not someone else's. We propose that decision accuracy coded in cardiac activity may be fed as a cue to subjective visibility judgments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Łukowska
- Consciousness Lab, Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, 30-060, Poland.
| | - Michał Sznajder
- Consciousness Lab, Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, 30-060, Poland
| | - Michał Wierzchoń
- Consciousness Lab, Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, 30-060, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dal Lin C, Tona F, Osto E. The Heart as a Psychoneuroendocrine and Immunoregulatory Organ. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1065:225-239. [PMID: 30051388 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-77932-4_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The heart can be viewed not just as muscle pump but also as an important checkpoint for a complex network of nervous, endocrine, and immune signals. The heart is able to process neurological signals independently from the brain and to crosstalk with the endocrine and immune systems. The heart communicates with the psyche through the neuro-endocrine-immune system in a highly integrated way, in order to maintain the homeostasis of the whole body with peculiarities specific to males and females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Dal Lin
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Tona
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Osto
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Federal Institute of Technology Zurich ETHZ, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich and University Heart Center, Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Borjon JI, Takahashi DY, Cervantes DC, Ghazanfar AA. Arousal dynamics drive vocal production in marmoset monkeys. J Neurophysiol 2016; 116:753-64. [PMID: 27250909 PMCID: PMC6208312 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00136.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vocal production is the result of interacting cognitive and autonomic processes. Despite claims that changes in one interoceptive state (arousal) govern primate vocalizations, we know very little about how it influences their likelihood and timing. In this study we investigated the role of arousal during naturally occurring vocal production in marmoset monkeys. Throughout each session, naturally occurring contact calls are produced more quickly, and with greater probability, during higher levels of arousal, as measured by heart rate. On average, we observed a steady increase in heart rate 23 s before the production of a call. Following call production, there is a sharp and steep cardiac deceleration lasting ∼8 s. The dynamics of cardiac fluctuations around a vocalization cannot be completely predicted by the animal's respiration or movement. Moreover, the timing of vocal production was tightly correlated to the phase of a 0.1-Hz autonomic nervous system rhythm known as the Mayer wave. Finally, a compilation of the state space of arousal dynamics during vocalization illustrated that perturbations to the resting state space increase the likelihood of a call occurring. Together, these data suggest that arousal dynamics are critical for spontaneous primate vocal production, not only as a robust predictor of the likelihood of vocal onset but also as scaffolding on which behavior can unfold.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy I Borjon
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton New Jersey
| | - Daniel Y Takahashi
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton New Jersey
| | - Diego C Cervantes
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton New Jersey
| | - Asif A Ghazanfar
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton New Jersey
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pramme L, Larra MF, Schächinger H, Frings C. Cardiac cycle time effects on selection efficiency in vision. Psychophysiology 2016; 53:1702-1711. [PMID: 27450530 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The effect of cardiac cycle time on attentional selection was investigated in an experiment in which participants classified target letters in a visual selection task. Stimulus onsets were aligned to the R wave of the electrocardiogram and stimuli presented either during the ventricular systole or diastole. Selection efficiency was operationalized as difference in target selection performance under conditions of homogeneous and heterogeneous distractors. Differences in performance (i.e., the impact selection difficulty had on the ability to select the target) were attenuated for stimuli presented during the ventricular systole compared to the diastole. Increased baroafferent signal transmission during the systole appears to reduce interference of highly distracting stimuli on visual selection efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Pramme
- Cognitive Psychology, Trier University, Trier, Germany.
| | - Mauro F Larra
- Clinical Psychophysiology, Trier University, Trier, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fisher AJ, Reeves JW, Chi C. Dynamic RSA: Examining parasympathetic regulatory dynamics via vector-autoregressive modeling of time-varying RSA and heart period. Psychophysiology 2016; 53:1093-9. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J. Fisher
- Department of Psychology; University of California, Berkeley; Berkeley California USA
| | - Jonathan W. Reeves
- Department of Psychology; University of California, Berkeley; Berkeley California USA
| | - Cyrus Chi
- Department of Psychology; University of California, Berkeley; Berkeley California USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Fennell AB, Benau EM, Atchley RA. A single session of meditation reduces of physiological indices of anger in both experienced and novice meditators. Conscious Cogn 2015; 40:54-66. [PMID: 26748026 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The goal of the present study was to explore how anger reduction via a single session of meditation might be measured using psychophysiological methodologies. To achieve this, 15 novice meditators (Experiment 1) and 12 practiced meditators (Experiment 2) completed autobiographical anger inductions prior to, and following, meditation training while respiration rate, heart rate, and blood pressure were measured. Participants also reported subjective anger via a visual analog scale. At both stages, the experienced meditators' physiological reaction to the anger induction reflected that of relaxation: slowed breathing and heart rate and decreased blood pressure. Naïve meditators exhibited physiological reactions that were consistent with anger during the pre-meditation stage, while after meditation training and a second anger induction they elicited physiological evidence of relaxation. The current results examining meditation training show that the naïve group's physiological measures mimicked those of the experienced group following a single session of meditation training.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander B Fennell
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, United States
| | - Erik M Benau
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, United States
| | - Ruth Ann Atchley
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Nagy T, van Lien R, Willemsen G, Proctor G, Efting M, Fülöp M, Bárdos G, Veerman EC, Bosch JA. A fluid response: Alpha-amylase reactions to acute laboratory stress are related to sample timing and saliva flow rate. Biol Psychol 2015; 109:111-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
17
|
Althaus M, Groen Y, van der Schaft L, Minderaa RB, Tucha O, Mulder LJM, Wijers AA. Sex differences in orienting to pictures with and without humans: evidence from the cardiac evoked response (ECR) and the cortical long latency parietal positivity (LPP). PLoS One 2014; 9:e108224. [PMID: 25330003 PMCID: PMC4198108 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study investigated the effect of social relevance in affective pictures on two orienting responses, i.e. the evoked cardiac response (ECR), and a long latency cortical evoked potential (LPP) and whether this effect would differ between males and females. Assuming that orienting to affective social information is fundamental to experiencing affective empathy, associations between self-report measures of empathy and the two orienting responses were investigated. Method ECRs were obtained from 34 female and 30 male students, and LPPs from 25 female and 27 male students viewing 414 pictures from the International Affective Picture System. Pictures portrayed pleasant, unpleasant and neutral scenes with and without humans. Results Both the ECR and LPP showed the largest response to pictures with humans in unpleasant situations. For both measures, the responses to pictures with humans correlated with self-report measures of empathy. While we found a greater male than female responsiveness to the pictures without humans in the ECR, a greater female than male responsiveness was observed in the LPP response to pictures with humans. Conclusion and Significance The sensitivity of these orienting responses to social relevance and their differential contribution to the prediction of individual differences underline the validity of their combined use in clinical studies investigating individuals with social disabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Althaus
- Department of Child- and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Yvonne Groen
- Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lutske van der Schaft
- Department of Child- and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud B. Minderaa
- Department of Child- and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Oliver Tucha
- Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Albertus A. Wijers
- Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Park HD, Tallon-Baudry C. The neural subjective frame: from bodily signals to perceptual consciousness. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2014; 369:20130208. [PMID: 24639580 PMCID: PMC3965163 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The report 'I saw the stimulus' operationally defines visual consciousness, but where does the 'I' come from? To account for the subjective dimension of perceptual experience, we introduce the concept of the neural subjective frame. The neural subjective frame would be based on the constantly updated neural maps of the internal state of the body and constitute a neural referential from which first person experience can be created. We propose to root the neural subjective frame in the neural representation of visceral information which is transmitted through multiple anatomical pathways to a number of target sites, including posterior insula, ventral anterior cingulate cortex, amygdala and somatosensory cortex. We review existing experimental evidence showing that the processing of external stimuli can interact with visceral function. The neural subjective frame is a low-level building block of subjective experience which is not explicitly experienced by itself which is necessary but not sufficient for perceptual experience. It could also underlie other types of subjective experiences such as self-consciousness and emotional feelings. Because the neural subjective frame is tightly linked to homeostatic regulations involved in vigilance, it could also make a link between state and content consciousness.
Collapse
|
19
|
Perrone-McGovern KM, Oliveira-Silva P, Simon-Dack S, Lefdahl-Davis E, Adams D, McConnell J, Howell D, Hess R, Davis A, Gonçalves ÓF. Effects of Empathy and Conflict Resolution Strategies on Psychophysiological Arousal and Satisfaction in Romantic Relationships. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2013; 39:19-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s10484-013-9237-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
20
|
Morais KLP, Ianzer D, Miranda JRR, Melo RL, Guerreiro JR, Santos RAS, Ulrich H, Lameu C. Proline rich-oligopeptides: diverse mechanisms for antihypertensive action. Peptides 2013; 48:124-33. [PMID: 23933300 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2013.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bradykinin-potentiating peptides from Bothrops jararaca (Bj) discovered in the early 1960s, were the first natural inhibitors of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). These peptides belong to a large family of snake venom proline-rich oligopeptides (PROs). One of these peptides, Bj-PRO-9a, was essential for defining ACE as effective drug target and development of captopril, an active site-directed inhibitor of ACE used worldwide for the treatment of human arterial hypertension. Recent experimental evidences demonstrated that cardiovascular effects exerted by different Bj-PROs are due to distinct mechanisms besides of ACE inhibition. In the present work, we have investigated the cardiovascular actions of four Bj-PROs, namely Bj-PRO-9a, -11e, -12b and -13a. Bj-PRO-9a acts upon ACE and BK activities to promote blood pressure reduction. Although the others Bj-PROs are also able to inhibit the ACE activity and to potentiate the BK effects, our results indicate that antihypertensive effect evoked by them involve new mechanisms. Bj-PRO-11e and Bj-PRO-12b involves induction of [Ca(2+)]i transients by so far unknown receptor proteins. Moreover, we have suggested argininosuccinate synthetase and M3 muscarinic receptor as targets for cardiovascular effects elicited by Bj-PRO-13a. In summary, the herein reported results provide evidence that Bj-PRO-mediated effects are not restricted to ACE inhibition or potentiation of BK-induced effects and suggest different actions for each peptide for promoting arterial pressure reduction. The present study reveals the complexity of the effects exerted by Bj-PROs for cardiovascular control, opening avenues for the better understanding of blood pressure regulation and for the development of novel therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katia L P Morais
- Laboratório Especial de Toxinologia Aplicada (LETA/CAT-Cepid), Instituto Butantan, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang P, Baker LA, Gao Y, Raine A, Lozano DI. Psychopathic traits and physiological responses to aversive stimuli in children aged 9-11 years. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2012; 40:759-69. [PMID: 22228313 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-011-9606-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Atypical eletrodermal and cardiovascular response patterns in psychopathic individuals are thought to be biological indicators of fearless and disinhibition. This study investigated the relationship between psychopathic traits and these autonomic response patterns using a countdown task in 843 children (aged 9-10 years). Heart rate (HR) and non-specific skin conductance responses (NS-SCRs) were recorded while participants anticipated and reacted to 105 dB signaled or un-signaled white-noise bursts. Using multilevel regression models, both larger HR acceleration and fewer NS-SCR were found to be significantly associated with psychopathic traits during anticipation of signaled white-noise bursts. However, two divergent patterns appeared for HR and SCR: (1) larger HR acceleration was specific to the callousness-disinhibition factor of psychopathic traits while reduced NS-SCR was only associated with the manipulative-deceitfulness factor; (2) the negative association between the manipulative-deceitfulness factor and NS-SCR was only found in boys but not in girls. These findings replicated what has been found in psychopathic adults, suggesting that autonomic deficits present in children at risk may predispose them to later psychopathy. The divergent findings across psychopathic facets and sexes raised the possibility of different etiologies underlying psychopathy, which may in turn suggest multiple treatment strategies for boys and girls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Wang
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, 3620 S. McClintock Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90089-1061, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Critchley HD. Psychophysiology of neural, cognitive and affective integration: fMRI and autonomic indicants. Int J Psychophysiol 2009; 73:88-94. [PMID: 19414044 PMCID: PMC2722714 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2009.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2008] [Revised: 11/21/2008] [Accepted: 01/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Behaviour is shaped by environmental challenge in the context of homoeostatic need. Emotional and cognitive processes evoke patterned changes in bodily state that may signal emotional state to others. This dynamic modulation of visceral state is neurally mediated by sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system. Moreover neural afferents convey representations of the internal state of the body back to the brain to further influence emotion and cognition. Neuroimaging and lesion studies implicate specific regions of limbic forebrain in the behavioural generation of autonomic arousal states. Activity within these regions may predict emotion-specific autonomic response patterns within and between bodily organs, with implications for psychosomatic medicine. Feedback from the viscera is mapped hierarchically in the brain to influence efferent signals, and ultimately at the cortical level to engender and reinforce affective responses and subjective feeling states. Again neuroimaging and patient studies suggest discrete neural substrates for these representations, notably regions of insula and orbitofrontal cortex. Individual differences in conscious access to these interoceptive representations predict differences in emotional experience, but equally the misperception of heightened arousal level may evoke changes in emotional behaviour through engagement of the same neural centres. Perturbation of feedback may impair emotional reactivity and, in the context of inflammatory states give rise to cognitive, affective and psychomotor expressions of illness. Changes in visceral state during emotion may be mirrored in the responses of others, permitting a corresponding representation in the observer. The degree to which individuals are susceptible to this 'contagion' predicts individual differences in questionnaire ratings of empathy. Together these neuroimaging and clinical studies highlight the dynamic relationship between mind and body and help identify neural substrates that may translate thoughts into autonomic arousal and bodily states into feelings that can be shared.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo D Critchley
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer Campus, Brighton, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Löw A, Lang PJ, Smith JC, Bradley MM. Both predator and prey: emotional arousal in threat and reward. Psychol Sci 2009; 19:865-73. [PMID: 18947351 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02170.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This research examined the psychophysiology of emotional arousal anticipatory to potentially aversive and highly pleasant outcomes. Human brain reactions (event-related potentials) and body reactions (heart rate, skin conductance, the probe startle reflex) were assessed along motivational gradients determined by apparent distance from sites of potential punishment or reward. A predator-prey survival context was simulated using cues that signaled possible money rewards or possible losses; the cues appeared to loom progressively closer to the viewer, until a final step when a rapid key response could ensure reward or avoid a punishing loss. The observed anticipatory response patterns of heightened vigilance and physiological mobilization are consistent with the view that the physiology of emotion is founded on action dispositions that evolved in mammals to facilitate survival by dealing with threats or capturing life-sustaining rewards.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Löw
- Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention, P.O. Box 112766, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Groen Y, Wijers AA, Mulder LJM, Minderaa RB, Althaus M. Physiological correlates of learning by performance feedback in children: a study of EEG event-related potentials and evoked heart rate. Biol Psychol 2007; 76:174-87. [PMID: 17888560 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2007.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2006] [Revised: 03/30/2007] [Accepted: 07/23/2007] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study we measured event-related potentials (ERPs) and evoked heart rate (EHR) to investigate performance monitoring in 10-12-year-old children. The children received feedback on their performance while conducting a probabilistic learning task. Error-related ERP components time-locked to the response increased in amplitude when the children had learned the task, whereas the feedback-locked components decreased. Concerning EHR, there was a general reduction in feedback-related heart rate deceleration when the children had learned. Moreover, a prolonged heart rate deceleration was observed at negative feedback onset in comparison to positive feedback, which shifted in timing when the task progressed. Together, the ERP and EHR-measures suggest a shift from external to internal monitoring when the children are learning by performance feedback. The data suggest that error- and feedback-related EHR deceleration is a reflection of the same error monitoring system that is responsible for the emergence of the error-related negativity (ERN).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Groen
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Mental preparation aids performance and induces multiple physiological changes that should inform concepts of preparation. To date, however, these changes have been interpreted as being due to a global preparatory process (e.g., attention or alertness). The authors review psychophysiological and performance investigations of preparation. Concepts of the central regulation of action offer an integrative framework for understanding the psychophysiology of preparation. If people process multiple streams of information concurrently, then preparatory processing requires a form of supervisory attention- central regulation to maintain unity of action. This concept is consistent with existing psychophysiological results and links them to current views of information processing. Conversely, psychophysiological measures may provide indices to test concepts within theories of the central regulation of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Richard Jennings
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|