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Najman JN, Williams GM, Clavarino AM, McGee TR, King L, Scott JG, Bor W. Family poverty over the early life course and adult experiences of intimate partner violence: a cohort study. Public Health 2024; 234:143-151. [PMID: 39013235 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2024.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine whether family poverty over the early childhood, adolescent, and adult periods of the life course independently predicts experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV) in adulthood. STUDY DESIGN This was a birth cohort study in Brisbane, Australia, with pregnant women recruited at their first booking-in visit and their children, followed up to 30 and 40 years of age. METHODS Family income was obtained from the mother when the child was 6 months, 5 and 14 years of age. Offspring reported their own family income at 21, 30, and 40 years of age. The offspring completed the Composite Abuse Scale at 30 and 40 years. Adjusted logistic regression models are used to predict experiences of IPV at 30 (n = 2157) and 40 (n = 1438) years. RESULTS The findings at 30 and 40 years of age are consistent. Only poverty experienced concurrently with the assessment of IPV is strongly associated. At the 40-year follow-up, family poverty predicts higher ratios of all four forms of IPV; severe combined abuse (odds ratio [OR] = 2.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.24, 4.05), physical abuse (OR = 3.37, 95% CI = 1.95, 5.82), emotional abuse (OR = 2.09, 95% CI = 2.58, 8.57) and harassment (OR = 4.70, 95% CI = 2.58, 8.57). CONCLUSION Concurrent family poverty is strongly and consistently associated with patterns of IPV. These associations are for cross-sectionally collected data with the prospectively collected data not replicating these findings. Although it is not possible to identify a specific causal pathway, the findings suggest that the immediate consequences of poverty are strongly associated with IPV. Programmes that address poverty reduction provide the best prospect for reducing societal levels of IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Najman
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Herston Queensland 4006, Australia.
| | - G M Williams
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Herston Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - A M Clavarino
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Herston Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - T R McGee
- School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Griffith University, Mt Gravatt Queensland, 4122, Australia
| | - L King
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Herston Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - J G Scott
- Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Child and Youth Mental Health Service, Children's Health Queensland, South Brisbane, Qld Australia
| | - W Bor
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Herston Queensland 4006, Australia
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2
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Pike MR, Engel ML, Lipner E, Hammen C, Brennan PA. Prenatal Maternal Stress and Pediatric Asthma Across Development: Adolescent Female-Specific Vulnerability. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023:10.1007/s10578-023-01600-2. [PMID: 37665402 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-023-01600-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal maternal stress (PNMS) is linked to physical sequelae in offspring, including childhood asthma. This study sought to examine the roles of objective and subjective PNMS in the development of asthma at offspring ages 5 and 15. The sample included 815 mother-child dyads from the Mater Misericordiae Mothers' Hospital-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy. PNMS was measured via retrospective self-report during pregnancy and 3-5 days after birth. Postnatal maternal stress was measured at offspring age 5. Objective PNMS was associated with elevated asthma risk at age 5 (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.00, 1.45, p = 0.05), albeit not above concurrent postnatal stress. Sex moderated the association between PNMS and asthma at age 15, controlling for postnatal stress. Sex stratified analyses revealed a positive association between objective PNMS and age 15 asthma in females, but not males. Results provide evidence that PNMS may impact asthma outcomes in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline R Pike
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, 1701 N 13th St, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA.
| | - Melissa L Engel
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Emily Lipner
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, 1701 N 13th St, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Constance Hammen
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, 1285 Franz Hall, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Patricia A Brennan
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
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3
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Thomas JL, Keenan-Miller D, Sumner JA, Hammen C. Early Life Adversity and Clinical Intimate Partner Violence in Adulthood: The Mediating Role of Interpersonal Conflict in Adolescence. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP21345-NP21365. [PMID: 34870513 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211057267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is associated with adverse outcomes for both victims and perpetrators, though there is significant heterogeneity in manifestations of relationship violence. A growing amount of research has focused on elucidating predictors of clinical IPV-defined as severe violence involving institutional or medical intervention due to actual or potential injury-so as to better understand potential prevention and intervention targets. Early life adversity (ELA) is associated with IPV in adulthood, yet this literature focuses on discrete, retrospectively reported adversities (e.g., physical abuse and neglect) and has yet to consider clinical IPV as an outcome. Little is known about if and how broadly adverse early environments may confer risk for this specific form of relationship violence. We investigated associations between exposure to ELA prior to age five and clinical IPV victimization and perpetration by age 20 in a longitudinal, community-based sample of men and women in Australia (N = 588). Early life adversity was prospectively indexed by maternal reports of financial hardship, child chronic illness, maternal stressful life events, maternal depressive symptoms, parental discord, and parental separation. Youth interpersonal conflict life events at age 15-an interviewer-rated assessment of episodic stressors involving conflict across relationships in mid-adolescence-was tested as a potential mediator for both victims and perpetrators. Among women, ELA predicted IPV victimization and perpetration, and interpersonal conflict life events partially mediated the link between ELA and victimization, but not perpetration. Neither ELA nor interpersonal conflict life events predicted victimization or perpetration among men. Women exposed to ELA are at-risk for conflictual interpersonal relationships later in life, including violent intimate relationships, and deficits in conflict resolution skills may be one mechanism through which ELA leads to IPV victimization among this subgroup. Violence prevention and intervention efforts should target interpersonal skills, including conflict resolution, among women and girls exposed to adverse early environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan L Thomas
- Department of Psychology, 8783University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Jennifer A Sumner
- Department of Psychology, 8783University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Constance Hammen
- Department of Psychology, 8783University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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4
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Young SL, Steane SE, Kent NL, Reid N, Gallo LA, Moritz KM. Prevalence and Patterns of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure in Australian Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies: A Systematic Review of Data Collection Approaches. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13144. [PMID: 36293721 PMCID: PMC9603223 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study sought to determine data collection approaches in Australian cohort studies and explore the potential impact on reported prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) prevalence and patterns. Inclusion criteria were that studies related to a general Australian antenatal population where PAE was assessed and reported. Studies were excluded if they were not peer reviewed, examined the prevalence of PAE in pregnancies complicated by alcohol-use disorders, or were published in a language other than English. A systematic search of five electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Scopus) was conducted. Risk of bias was assessed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project quality assessment tool. Results were synthesised using MetaXL. Data from 16 separate birth cohorts (n = 78 articles) were included. Included cohorts were either general cohorts that included alcohol as a variable or alcohol-focused cohorts that were designed with a primary focus on PAE. PAE prevalence was estimated as 48% (95% CI: 38 to 57%). When subgroup analysis was performed, estimates of PAE prevalence when self-administered surveys and interviews were used for data collection were 53% (95% CI: 41% to 64%) and 43% (95% CI: 28% to 59%), respectively. Use of trained assessors was an influencing factor of the prevalence estimates when data were collected via interview. Alcohol-focused studies reported higher prevalence of PAE, regardless of method of survey administration. Where interviewer training is not possible, self-administered questionnaires will likely provide the most reliable PAE estimates. No funding sources are relevant to mention. Review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020204853).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia L. Young
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia
| | - Sarah E. Steane
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia
| | - Nykola L. Kent
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia
| | - Natasha Reid
- Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia
| | - Linda A. Gallo
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Petrie, QLD 4502, Australia
| | - Karen M. Moritz
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia
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5
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HPA-axis multilocus genetic profile score moderates the association between maternal prenatal perceived stress and offspring depression in early adulthood. Dev Psychopathol 2021; 33:122-134. [PMID: 31959271 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579419001639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Maternal stress during pregnancy can cause alterations to the fetal hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, a phenomenon known as fetal programming that may have lasting effects on offspring outcomes, including depression. Evidence suggests that these effects may vary with respect to the offspring's genetic risk. Nonetheless, few studies have examined these effects into adulthood, when risk for depression onset is highest. The present study builds upon the extant literature by examining the interaction of maternal prenatal perceived stress (MPPS) and offspring HPA-axis polygenic risk to predict offspring depression in early adulthood. A total of 381 mother-child dyads participated in a prospective, longitudinal study that spanned from pregnancy until offspring were 20 years of age. Polygenic risk was defined by a multilocus genetic profile score (MGPS) that reflected the additive risk of three HPA-axis candidate genes. The results indicated that the interaction of MPPS and HPA-axis MGPS confers risk for offspring depression at age 20, in line with the differential susceptibility model. This interaction may be specific to prenatal stress, as maternal stress during early childhood did not interact with genetic risk to predict depression. These findings provide the first evidence that genetic variants that are associated with the HPA axis may act in a polygenic, additive fashion to moderate the association between fetal programming and adult depression.
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6
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Mcgee TR, Hayatbakhsh MR, Bor W, Cerruto M, Dean A, Alati R, Mills R, Williams GM, O'callaghan M, Najman JM. Antisocial behaviour across the life course: An examination of the effects of early onset desistence and early onset persistent antisocial behaviour in adulthood. AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-9536.2011.00006.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad R. Hayatbakhsh
- School of Population Health and Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland
| | - William Bor
- Kids in Mind Research, Mater Children's Hospital, South Brisbane and School of Medicine
| | - Michael Cerruto
- School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Griffith University
| | - Angela Dean
- Kids in Mind Research, Mater Children's Hospital, South Brisbane and Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland
| | - Rosa Alati
- School of Population Health and Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland
| | - Ryan Mills
- Logan Hospital, Queensland Health, Queensland, Australia
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland
| | - Gail M. Williams
- School of Population Health and Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland
| | | | - Jake M. Najman
- School of Population Health and School of Social Science, The University of Queensland
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7
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Ahmadabadi Z, Najman JM, Williams GM, Clavarino AM. Income, Gender, and Forms of Intimate Partner Violence. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2020; 35:5500-5525. [PMID: 29294851 DOI: 10.1177/0886260517719541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Poverty and socioeconomic disadvantage place demands on intimate relationships and provide fertile ground for disagreements and conflicts. It is not known whether poverty also leads to intimate partner violence (IPV). This study investigates the association between income and forms of IPV victimization for both males and females. We also examine whether income inequalities are related to IPV and whether the gender balance of household income contributes to IPV victimization. Data are from a cohort of 2,401 young offspring (60.3% females) who participated at the 30-year follow-up of the Mater-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy in Brisbane, Australia. Participants completed questionnaires including their income details and the Composite Abuse Scale. Within low-income families, both partners experience higher levels of IPV. Females' income is not independently related to experiencing IPV either for females or males. Females and males experience a higher rate of IPV when the husband earns a low income. When considering partners' relative income, families in which both partners earned a low income experienced higher levels of almost all forms of IPV. Income (im)balance in which females earn more or partners both have higher income was less often associated with the experience OF IPV IPV appears to be mutually experienced in the setting of the poverty. Objective economic hardship and scarcity create a context which facilitates IPV for both partners in a relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohre Ahmadabadi
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
| | - Jackob M Najman
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
- School of Social Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Gail M Williams
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
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8
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Najman JM, Wang W, Plotnikova M, Mamun AA, McIntyre D, Williams GM, Scott JG, Bor W, Clavarino AM. Poverty over the early life course and young adult cardio-metabolic risk. Int J Public Health 2020; 65:759-768. [PMID: 32666221 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-020-01423-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is little known about whether exposure to family poverty at specific periods of the early life course independently contributes to coronary heart disease risk beyond the contribution of concurrent poverty. METHODS Children were recruited in early pregnancy and additional survey data obtained during the pregnancy and at the 5-, 14- and 30-year follow-ups. Fasting blood samples were also obtained at the 30-year follow-up. Analyses are multinominal logistic regressions stratified by gender and with adjustments for confounding. RESULTS For male offspring, family poverty at different stages of the early life course was not associated with measures of cardio-metabolic risk. For females early life course, poverty predicted obesity, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TC/HDL-C), as well as concurrent family poverty associated with obesity, HOMA-IR, TC/HDL-C, HDL-C and increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS Family poverty in the early life course independently predicts increased levels of cardio-metabolic risk of females. The primary finding, however, is that concurrent poverty is independently and strongly associated with increased cardio-metabolic risk levels in young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake M Najman
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia.
- School of Social Science, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia.
| | - William Wang
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
| | - Maria Plotnikova
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
| | - Abdullah A Mamun
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
| | - David McIntyre
- Mater Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gail M Williams
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
| | - James G Scott
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
- Metro North Mental Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - William Bor
- Mater Child and Youth Mental Health Service, Mater Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alexandra M Clavarino
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
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9
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Kisely S, Abajobir AA, Mills R, Strathearn L, Clavarino A, Gartner C, Najman JM. Child Maltreatment and Persistent Smoking From Adolescence Into Adulthood: A Birth Cohort Study. Nicotine Tob Res 2020; 22:66-73. [PMID: 30874810 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntz039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A prospective record-linkage analysis to examine whether notified and/or substantiated child maltreatment is associated with the prevalence and persistence of smoking in early adulthood. METHODS The sample consisted of 3758 participants enrolled in a population-based birth cohort study in Brisbane, Australia, who were followed up at both 14 and 21 years of age. Suspected experience of child maltreatment was measured by linkage with state child protection agency data. The two main outcomes were the prevalence and persistence of smoking at 21-year follow-up, as well as the 12-month prevalence of nicotine use disorder for participants who completed the Composite International Diagnostic Interview-Auto version. RESULTS Of the 3758 young people at the 21-year follow-up, 7.5% (n = 282) had a history of notified maltreatment by the age of 16 years. Of these, 167 cases were substantiated. There were 1362 (35.3%) smokers at 21-year follow-up, although only 220 (5.9%) smoked more than 20 cigarettes daily. Of the 602 participants who smoked at 14 years, 289 were still smoking 7 years later. On adjusted analyses, participants who had experienced any form of notified and/or substantiated maltreatment were approximately twice as likely to be smokers at 21 years old and persistent smokers from 14 years of age. Any form of maltreatment, except sexual abuse, was also associated with an increase in the 12-month prevalence of nicotine use disorders. CONCLUSIONS Child maltreatment is associated with both an increased onset and persistence of smoking from adolescence into young adulthood. This may have implications for smoking cessation programs and early interventions for individuals who have experienced maltreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Kisely
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Ryan Mills
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lane Strathearn
- Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Alexandra Clavarino
- Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Coral Gartner
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jake Moses Najman
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia.,School of Social Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,Queensland Alcohol and Drug Research and Education Centre, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
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10
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Mamun AA, Scott J, Najman JM, Williams GM, Alati R, Fatima Y. Generational changes in young adults' sleep duration: a prospective analysis of mother-offspring dyads. Sleep Health 2020; 6:240-245. [PMID: 31926935 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify the changes in sleep duration over two generations of young adults. METHODS We used data from the Mater-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy cohort to compare sleep duration in mother and offspring. The analyses were restricted to 1,731 mothers who were young adults (mean age 21.96 years; SD±1.90) at the baseline measurement, and their offspring who were about the same age (mean age 20.6 years; SD±0.86) when assessed 21 years later. Maternal sleep was explored by asking the mother, during the first trimester, about her typical sleep duration prior to pregnancy, while offspring participants were asked about the sleep duration in the last month at the time assessed. Multinomial logistic regression for correlated responses was used to assess generational changes. RESULTS We found that offspring had 3.2 (2.7, 3.9) times the odds of sleeping for short duration (≤6 hours/night) and 1.7 (1.5, 1.9) times the odds of sleeping for a longer duration (≥9 hours/night) compared with their mothers. Gender-based analysis found that daughters had 3.0 (2.3, 5.0) times the odds of sleeping for a short duration, while sons had 3.4 (2.6, 6.4) times the odds of sleeping for a short duration compared with their mothers. CONCLUSIONS There is a significant decline in sleep duration below recommendations as well as a substantial increase in long-duration above the recommendations over two generations of young adults. Therefore, the focus of sleep health should not be limited to short sleep, but on the need for achieving optimal sleep recommended for the age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah A Mamun
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - James Scott
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jake M Najman
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; School of Social Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gail M Williams
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Rosa Alati
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Yaqoot Fatima
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Centre for Rural & Remote Health (Mount Isa), James Cook University, Mount Isa, Australia.
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11
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Kisely S, Mills R, Strathearn L, Najman JM. Does child maltreatment predict alcohol use disorders in young adulthood? A cohort study of linked notifications and survey data. Addiction 2020; 115:61-68. [PMID: 31454119 DOI: 10.1111/add.14794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Most studies of the association between child maltreatment and subsequent problem alcohol use are retrospective. We studied the association of prospectively substantiated child maltreatment with problem alcohol use in adulthood. DESIGN We used a prospective cohort record linkage correlational design using data from a statutory child protection agency of prospectively substantiated child maltreatment linked to a birth cohort from a major metropolitan maternity hospital. SETTING The Mater-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy in Brisbane, Australia. PARTICIPANTS Of the 3762 young people at the 21-year follow-up, 169 (4.5%) had a history of substantiated maltreatment by 16 years. This was most commonly emotional abuse (n = 90). MEASUREMENTS The main outcome was heavy alcohol use at the 21-year follow-up, defined as four or more standard drinks per day. Secondary outcomes were life-time and 12-month diagnoses of alcohol use disorders in 2531 participants who completed the Composite International Diagnostic Interview-auto (CIDI-auto) version. Predictor variables were physical, sexual and emotional abuse, as well as neglect. FINDINGS At follow-up, 407 of the 3762 participants reported heavy alcohol use (10.8%). On adjusted analyses, participants who had experienced emotional abuse were significantly more likely to report heavy alcohol use at the time of interview (adjusted odds ratio = 1.856; 95% confidence interval = 1.038-3.319; P = 0.037). Neglect was associated with a life-time CIDI diagnosis of an alcohol use disorder. Other types of child maltreatment were not significantly associated with any of the outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Prospectively identified experience of childhood emotional abuse and neglect appears to be positively associated with problem alcohol use at age 21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Kisely
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Metro South Addiction and Mental Health Service, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ryan Mills
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lane Strathearn
- Department of Paediatrics, Developmental and Behavioural Paediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jake M Najman
- Queensland Alcohol and Drug Research and Education Centre, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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12
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Ahmadabadi Z, Najman JM, Williams GM, Clavarino AM, d'Abbs P, Smirnov A. Intimate partner violence in emerging adulthood and subsequent substance use disorders: findings from a longitudinal study. Addiction 2019; 114:1264-1273. [PMID: 30801784 DOI: 10.1111/add.14592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To examine the temporal association between the experience of different types of intimate partner violence (IPV) in early adulthood (21 years) and substance use disorders in young adulthood (30 years). DESIGN Prospective birth cohort study using data from the Mater-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy (MUSP). SETTING Brisbane, Australia. PARTICIPANTS A total of 1353 people (822 females and 531 males). MEASUREMENTS IPV was measured using the Composite Abuse Scale (CAS) and alcohol, substance and nicotine use disorders were assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). FINDINGS In females, the experience of different forms of IPV at 21 years remained a robust risk factor for subsequent alcohol use disorder [adjusted odds ratios (aORs) ranged from 1.6 to 2.6 (all P < 0.05)], substance use disorder [aORs ranged from 2.1 to 4.0 (all P < 0.001)] and nicotine use disorder [aORs ranged from 2.0 to 2.4 (all P < 0.05)] at 30 years, even after controlling for antecedent substance disorders. However, in males only physical and emotional abuse (but not harassment) were significant in predicting alcohol use disorder [aORs ranged from 1.4 to 1.8 (all P < 0.05)] and drug use disorder [aORs ranged from 1.6 to 2.0 (all P < 0.05)] in the fully adjusted model. CONCLUSION Intimate partner violence (IPV) in early adulthood is robustly associated with alcohol, substance and nicotine use disorders in women, whereas in men the association is clear for only some forms of IPV and types of disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohre Ahmadabadi
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jackob M Najman
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia.,School of Social Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gail M Williams
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alexandra M Clavarino
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter d'Abbs
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia.,Menzies School of Health Research, Spring Hill, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew Smirnov
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
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13
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Mills R, Kisely S, Alati R, Strathearn L, Najman JM. Cognitive and educational outcomes of maltreated and non-maltreated youth: A birth cohort study. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2019; 53:248-255. [PMID: 29696988 DOI: 10.1177/0004867418768432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous research suggests that child maltreatment is associated with adverse outcomes, but the potential impact on cognitive and educational outcomes into adulthood has rarely been studied using a birth cohort design. The aim of this study is to investigate whether child maltreatment is associated with adverse outcomes in cognitive function, high school completion and employment by the age of 21. METHODS Longitudinal birth cohort study commencing in the prenatal period, with mothers and infants followed up to age 21. Of the original birth cohort of 7223, 3778 (52.3%) young people participated at age 21. Child maltreatment was identified by linkage with prospectively collected data from the relevant government agency. Associations between child maltreatment (abuse and neglect) and the outcomes were adjusted for relevant sociodemographic and perinatal variables. RESULTS After full adjustment, young people who had been notified as cases of child maltreatment had reduced performance on the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test by over a quarter of a standard deviation (coefficient = -2.85, p = 0.004). Maltreated young people also had three times the odds of failing to complete high school (odds ratio = 3.12, p < 0.001) and more than twice the odds of not being engaged in either study or employment at age 21 (odds ratio = 2.38, p < 0.001). Both abuse and neglect were similarly associated with adverse outcomes. CONCLUSION Child maltreatment, including both abuse and neglect, is associated with adverse cognitive, educational and employment outcomes in young adulthood. This adds further impetus to efforts to prevent child maltreatment and assist young people who have experienced it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Mills
- 1 School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia.,2 Department of Paediatrics, Logan Hospital, Meadowbrook, QLD, Australia
| | - Steve Kisely
- 1 School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Rosa Alati
- 3 Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Lane Strathearn
- 4 Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jake M Najman
- 5 Queensland Alcohol and Drug Research and Education Centre, School of Public Health and School of Social Sciences, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
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14
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Betts KS, Scott J, Williams GM, Najman JM, Alati R. Validation of the importance of continua in representing delusional ideation in the general population. Schizophr Res 2018; 199:304-312. [PMID: 29499964 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have examined the distribution of psychotic like experiences (PLE) with the aim of informing the debate concerning the categorical versus continuous nature of psychosis. We extend this research by subjecting a number of competing models of delusional ideation to validation analysis to further examine previous findings. METHODS We constructed latent variable models representing the factor structure of delusional ideation reported previously, using self-reported delusional ideation (Peter's Delusional Inventory; PDI) at age 21 in a general population prospective birth cohort study. After firstly eliminating models which exhibited poor fit we performed a longitudinal validation analyses among the competing models to investigate whether increasing levels of ideation were associated with developmental antecedents, correlates and distal indicators of psychotic disorder. RESULTS Four latent variable models were found to adequately represent the delusional ideation data, two comprised exclusively of continua (a multidimensional 5 factor model and a bifactor model with 1 general and 4 specific factors), and two which included both categories and continua (two factor mixture models, each with 3 classes and 1 factor per class, but with varying levels of parameter restrictions). Exclusively categorical latent models obtained poor fit and the categorical components of hybrid models failed to discriminate on psychotic illness, while among the models incorporating continuous latent factors validation analyses did not clearly identify any model as better than the others. CONCLUSION We provide novel evidence of the importance of continua in adequately and validly representing delusional ideation in the general population. Beyond this, our data suggests it is not possible to further refine the structure of delusional ideation in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim S Betts
- Institute for Social Science Research, Office 403, Cycad Building, Long Pocket Precent, The University of Queensland, 4072, Australia.
| | - James Scott
- The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Metro North Mental Health, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Gail M Williams
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Jacob M Najman
- School of Social Science and Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Rosa Alati
- Institute for Social Science Research, Office 403, Cycad Building, Long Pocket Precent, The University of Queensland, 4072, Australia.
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15
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Conway CC, Raposa EB, Hammen C, Brennan PA. Transdiagnostic pathways from early social stress to psychopathology: a 20-year prospective study. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2018; 59:855-862. [PMID: 29315560 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse family environments confer susceptibility to virtually all psychiatric problems. This study evaluated two possible models to explain this diversity of associations. Stressful family circumstances during childhood could either activate general, transdiagnostic liabilities to mental disorder or promote numerous disorder-specific liabilities. METHODS We recruited a high-risk sample of 815 mother-offspring pairs and assessed social stressors in the family context prospectively from the perinatal period through offspring age 5. We factor analyzed offspring mental disorder diagnoses at age 20 to parse transdiagnostic and disorder-specific dimensions of psychopathology. RESULTS Structural analyses revealed nearly equivalent prospective effects of early family stress on overarching Internalizing (β = .30) and Externalizing (β = .29) dimensions. In contrast, there was no evidence of disorder-specific effects. CONCLUSIONS Social stressors early in life activate transdiagnostic, and not disorder-specific, liabilities to psychopathology. A focus on higher-order dimensions of psychopathology could accelerate etiological research and intervention efforts for stress-linked mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C Conway
- Department of Psychological Sciences, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA
| | - Elizabeth B Raposa
- Department of Psychological Sciences, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA
| | - Constance Hammen
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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16
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Abajobir AA, Alati R, Kisely S, Najman JM. Are Past Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes Associated with Maternal Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms in a Sample of Currently Pregnant Women? Ethiop J Health Sci 2018; 27:351-362. [PMID: 29217937 PMCID: PMC5615024 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v27i4.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There has been a great deal of concern about the mental health of women whose pregnancies involve miscarriage, termination of a pregnancy (ToP), child death or where a child has been given up for adoption. Despite this concern there has been remarkably little population-based research which has addressed the long-term consequences of pregnancy loss and child death. This study investigated the maternal mental health consequences of women whose pregnancies involve miscarriage, ToP, child death or where a child has been given up for adoption at two different time points, adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics and baseline mental health. Methods The Mater-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy is a prospective pre-birth cohort study. Women were recruited early in pregnancy over the period 1981 to 1983 at their first antenatal clinic visit (FCV). Women were interviewed again at the 14-year follow-up. Data from 4403 mothers were analysed using maternal reports of a prior history of giving a child up for adoption, miscarriage, ToP, and neonatal, infant and/or child deaths. Symptoms of maternal anxiety and depression were measured at FCV and the 14-year follow-up using the Delusions-Symptoms-States Inventory. We carried out logistic regression analysis using Stata 13. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to display the findings. Results A prior miscarriage was associated with anxiety (adjusted OR (AOR) = 1.30; 95% CI: 1.10-1.66) and depressive (AOR = 1.70; 95% CI: 1.21-2.39) symptoms at the 14-year follow-up. Having had a neonatal, infant and/or child deaths was associated with symptoms of depression at 14-year follow-up (AOR = 2.12; 95% CI: 1.06-4.25). Conclusion The period after a child loss which involves a new pregnancy may be associated with relatively good mental health despite the fact that some mothers have experienced previous adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosa Alati
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Australia.,Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Steve Kisely
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Australia.,Departments of Psychiatry, Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Canada
| | - Jake Moses Najman
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Australia.,School of Social Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia.,Queensland Alcohol and Drug Research and Education Centre, the University of Queensland, Australia
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17
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Conway CC, Starr LR, Espejo EP, Brennan PA, Hammen C. Stress responsivity and the structure of common mental disorders: Transdiagnostic internalizing and externalizing dimensions are associated with contrasting stress appraisal biases. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 125:1079-1089. [PMID: 27819469 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Biased stress appraisals critically relate to the origins and temporal course of many-perhaps most-forms of psychopathology. We hypothesized that aberrant stress appraisals are linked directly to latent internalizing and externalizing traits that, in turn, predispose to multiple disorders. A high-risk community sample of 815 adolescents underwent semistructured interviews to assess clinical disorders and naturalistic stressors at ages 15 and 20. Participants and blind rating teams separately evaluated the threat associated with acute stressors occurring in the past year, and an appraisal bias index (i.e., discrepancy between subjective and team-rated threat) was generated. A 2-factor (Internalizing and Externalizing) latent variable model provided an excellent fit to the diagnostic correlations. After adjusting for the covariation between the factors, adolescents' threat overestimation prospectively predicted higher standing on Internalizing, whereas threat underestimation prospectively predicted elevations on Externalizing. Cross-sectional analyses replicated this pattern in early adulthood. Appraisals were not related to the residual portions of any diagnosis in the latent variable model, suggesting that the transdiagnostic dimensions mediated the connections between stress appraisal bias and disorder entities. We discuss implications for enhancing the efficiency of emerging research on the stress response and speculate how these findings, if replicated, might guide refinements to psychological treatments for stress-linked disorders. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa R Starr
- Department of Clinical and Social Sciences in Psychology, University of Rochester
| | - Emmanuel P Espejo
- Psychology Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego
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18
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Kingsbury AM, Plotnikova M, Najman JM. Commonly occurring adverse birth outcomes and maternal depression: a longitudinal study. Public Health 2018; 155:43-54. [PMID: 29306622 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Little is known about whether commonly occurring adverse birth outcomes have a long-term impact on the mental health of mothers. The aim of this study was to investigate whether commonly occurring adverse birth outcomes predicted mothers' depressive-symptom trajectories over a 27-year period following the birth of a baby. STUDY DESIGN Longitudinal study. METHODS Participants comprised a sub-group of women from the longitudinal cohort of the Mater and University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy. Maternal depression was measured at six time points from the first clinic visit of an index pregnancy to 27 years after birth. A semi-parametric mixture model was used to identify three symptom trajectories of low-stable, moderate-stable and moderate-rising depression. Multinomial logistic regression was then used to determine whether a number of commonly occurring birth outcomes predicted moderate-stable and/or moderate-rising depression trajectories over the subsequent 27 years. Sociodemographic and behavioural factors were used to adjust for possible confounding. RESULTS After adjustment for potential confounders, none of the adverse birth outcomes predicted subsequent maternal depression trajectories. Teenage pregnancy, not completing high school, low family income, obesity, poorer quality partnership and not exercising, measured at women's first clinic visit, and small social networks at three to five days after birth, were significantly associated with women's moderate-rising depressive-symptoms trajectory over 27 years. CONCLUSIONS Commonly occurring adverse birth outcomes do not predict long-term depressive trajectories. A number of sociodemographic and behavioural factors present at the index pregnancy predict women's long-term pattern of depression throughout their reproductive life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Kingsbury
- The University of Queensland, School of Public Health, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia.
| | - M Plotnikova
- The University of Queensland, School of Public Health, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia.
| | - J M Najman
- The University of Queensland, Schools of Public Health and Social Sciences, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia.
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19
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Zalbahar N, Najman J, McIntyre HD, Mamun A. Parental pre-pregnancy obesity and the risk of offspring weight and body mass index change from childhood to adulthood. Clin Obes 2017; 7:206-215. [PMID: 28557382 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the association of parental pre-pregnancy weight and body mass index (BMI) on offspring weight and BMI change from childhood to adulthood. We analysed BMI data from a subsample of parents (n = 1494) from the Mater-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy cohort that started in the early 1980s in Brisbane, Australia: data were collected at pre-pregnancy and then also for offspring at 5, 14 and 21-year follow-ups. Multiple regression for continuous outcomes and multinomial regression for categorical outcomes were performed. A total of 14.7% of offspring experienced BMI change from normal at 5 years to overweight or obese (OW/OB) at 14 years, 15.3% of normal at 14 years to OW/OB at 21 years and 22.8% from normal at 5 years to OW/OB at 21 years. Overall, the strength of the association of parental BMI with offspring BMI was stronger as offspring become older. Pre-pregnancy parental BMI differentially impacts offspring OW/OB across the life course. For every unit increase in paternal and maternal BMI z-score, offspring BMI z-score increased, on average, by between 0.15% (kg m-2 ) and 0.24% (kg m-2 ) throughout all three stages of life when both parents were OW/OB; these associations were stronger than with one parent. Parental pre-pregnancy BMI and OW/OB is a strong predictor of offspring weight and BMI change from early life to adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Zalbahar
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - J Najman
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Social Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - H D McIntyre
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - A Mamun
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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20
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How have the lives of pregnant women changed in the last 30 years? Women Birth 2017; 30:342-349. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wombi.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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21
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Khatun M, Al Mamun A, Scott J, William GM, Clavarino A, Najman JM. Do children born to teenage parents have lower adult intelligence? A prospective birth cohort study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0167395. [PMID: 28278227 PMCID: PMC5344312 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Teenage motherhood has been associated with a wide variety of negative offspring outcomes including poorer cognitive development. In the context of limitations of previous research, this paper assesses the contemporary relevance of this finding. In this study we investigate the long-term cognitive status (IQ) among 21 year adult offspring born to teenage parents using the Mater University Study of Pregnancy- a prospective birth cohort study, which recruited all pregnant mothers attending a large obstetrical hospital in Brisbane, Australia, from 1981 to 1983. The analyses were restricted to a sub-sample of 2643 mother-offspring pair. Offspring IQ was measured using the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test at 21 year. Parental age was reported at first clinic visit. Offspring born to teenage mothers (<20 years) have -3.0 (95% Confidence Interval (CI): -4.3, -1.8) points lower IQ compared to children born to mothers ≥20 years and were more likely to have a low IQ (Odds Ratio (OR) 1.7; 95% CI: 1.3, 2.3). Adjustment for a range of confounding and mediating factors including parental socioeconomic status, maternal IQ, maternal smoking and binge drinking in pregnancy, birthweight, breastfeeding and parenting style attenuates the association, though the effect remains statistically significant (-1.4 IQ points; 95% CI: -2.8,-0.1). Similarly the risk of offspring having low IQ remained marginally significantly higher in those born to teenage mothers (OR 1.3; 95% CI: 1.0, 1.9). In contrast, teenage fatherhood is not associated with adult offspring IQ, when adjusted for maternal age. Although the reduction in IQ is quantitatively small, it is indicative of neurodevelopmental disadvantage experienced by the young adult offspring of teenage mothers. Our results suggest that public policy initiatives should be targeted not only at delaying childbearing in the population but also at supporting early life condition of children born to teenage mothers to minimize the risk for disadvantageous outcomes of the next generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsina Khatun
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - James Scott
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Metro North Mental Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gail M. William
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Jake M. Najman
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Social Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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22
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Mills R, Kisely S, Alati R, Strathearn L, Najman JM. Child maltreatment and cannabis use in young adulthood: a birth cohort study. Addiction 2017; 112:494-501. [PMID: 27741369 DOI: 10.1111/add.13634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate whether: (1) child maltreatment is associated with life-time cannabis use, early-onset cannabis use, daily cannabis use and DSM-IV cannabis abuse in young adulthood; and (2) behaviour problems, tobacco use and alcohol use at age 14 are associated with cannabis use. DESIGN Birth cohort using linked government agency child protection data to define exposure to child maltreatment. SETTING The Mater-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy in Brisbane, Australia. PARTICIPANTS Of the original cohort of 7223 mother and child pairs, obtained from consecutive presentations for prenatal care at a hospital serving a cross-section of the community, 3778 (52.3%) of the young people participated at age 21 years. MEASUREMENTS Exposure to child maltreatment was established by substantiated government agency reports. Cannabis outcomes were by self-report questionnaire and Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI)-Auto at age 21. Associations were adjusted for a range of potential confounders. Additional adjustment was carried out for variables measured at age 14-youth behaviour problems [Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL)], tobacco use and alcohol use. FINDINGS After adjustment, substantiated child maltreatment was associated with any life-time cannabis use [odds ratio (OR) = 1.60, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.08-2.39], cannabis use prior to age 17 (OR = 2.47, 95 % CI = 1.67-3.65), daily cannabis use (OR = 2.68, 95% CI = 1.49-4.81) and DSM-IV cannabis abuse/dependence (OR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.07-2.77). Externalizing behaviour and tobacco and alcohol use at age 14 were associated significantly with almost all cannabis outcomes (P < 0.05), with internalizing behaviour associated inversely (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Children in Australia who are documented as having been maltreated are more likely to go on to use cannabis before the age of 17, use cannabis as an adult, use cannabis daily and meet DSM-IV criteria for cannabis dependence. Externalizing behaviour in adolescence appears partly to mediate the association with adult cannabis use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Mills
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Logan Hospital, Meadowbrook, Queensland, Australia
| | - Steve Kisely
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rosa Alati
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lane Strathearn
- Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Iowa City, Iowa, IA, USA
| | - Jake M Najman
- Queensland Alcohol and Drug Research and Education Centre, University of Queensland, School of Public Health, Herston, Queensland, Australia
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23
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Lahmann PH, Williams GM, Najman JM, Mamun AA. Mother-adult offspring resemblance in dietary intake: a community-based cohort study in Australia. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 105:185-193. [PMID: 27852616 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.137539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been widely recognized that parental dietary intake is an important and consistent factor influencing children's food intake. However, there are conflicting results with regard to the strength of the parental-child resemblance in dietary intake. Moreover, this association has rarely been investigated in young adult offspring. OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to describe the dietary intake and food consumption of middle-aged women and their female and male adult offspring (aged 18-23 y) and to examine the association in dietary intake between sex-specific mother-child dyads. DESIGN We used cross-sectional dietary data for 2017 mother-child pairs from the 21-y follow-up of the Mater-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy, a birth cohort study. Dietary information was obtained with the use of a 74-item food-frequency questionnaire. We assessed multivariate-adjusted mother-offspring correlations in selected nutrients and food groups and performed correlational analysis while stratifying by living arrangements. RESULTS Both sons and daughters had a significantly lower percentage of energy from protein than did their mothers. Sons had a significantly higher percentage of energy from fat and a lower percentage of energy from carbohydrates than did their mothers, whereas there was no difference between daughters and mothers. The mother-offspring correlations were weak (r = 0.12-0.29) for most dietary factors and tended to be slightly higher in mother-daughter dyads than in mother-son dyads. Overall, correlations appeared to be stronger in offspring still living with their parents than with their counterparts not living at home, specifically the correlations for consumption of vegetables and rice. CONCLUSIONS Mother-adult offspring dietary resemblance in this Australian cohort was only weak and varied by nutrients, food groups, and the offspring's sex and living arrangements. Factors other than parental dietary habits and home environment seem to have a stronger influence on the diets of young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jake M Najman
- School of Public Health and.,School of Social Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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24
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Fagan AA, Najman JM. The Relative Contributions of Parental and Sibling Substance Use to Adolescent Tobacco, Alcohol, and other Drug Use. JOURNAL OF DRUG ISSUES 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/002204260503500410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
While research demonstrates that parental tobacco and alcohol use increases the likelihood of children's substance use, it is unclear whether or not sibling use has a greater, weaker, or similar effect. Based upon self-reported information from Australian adolescents, their siblings and parents, this investigation examines the association between siblings' tobacco and alcohol use. The relationship is consistent, moderately strong, and remains significant when controlling for a number of family-related factors, indicating that the shared environment cannot fully explain the extent of similarity in siblings' behaviors. In addition, sibling substance use has a greater effect on adolescent substance use than does smoking or drinking by parents. These findings indicate the need to include siblings and information regarding sibling relationships in prevention and intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail A. Fagan
- Social Development Research Group at the University of Washington
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25
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Conway CC, Hammen C, Brennan PA. Optimizing Prediction of Psychosocial and Clinical Outcomes With a Transdiagnostic Model of Personality Disorder. J Pers Disord 2016; 30:545-66. [PMID: 26168327 PMCID: PMC5520625 DOI: 10.1521/pedi_2015_29_218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Transdiagnostic models hold promise for transforming research and treatment practices for personality disorders (PDs), but widespread acceptance and implementation of such approaches will require persuasive evidence of construct validity and clinical utility. Toward that end, the authors examined the criterion-related validity of a transdiagnostic PD model in relation to psychosocial and clinical outcomes in a high-risk community sample of 700 young adults. Participants and their mothers completed semistructured interviews to assess young adults' PD symptomatology, psychosocial functioning, suicidality, and mental health treatment use. Bifactor modeling revealed an overarching dimension of PD severity-capturing symptoms across all PD categories-that strongly predicted all functional and clinical outcomes in multivariate analyses. Effect sizes for lower-order, specific PD processes were comparatively modest for functional outcomes; however, they provided clinically significant information about suicide risk and treatment use. The authors discuss implications of a transdiagnostic perspective for research on PD etiology, classification, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Constance Hammen
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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26
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Dalton ED, Hammen CL, Brennan PA, Najman JM. Pathways maintaining physical health problems from childhood to young adulthood: The role of stress and mood. Psychol Health 2016; 31:1255-71. [PMID: 27329508 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2016.1204448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Poor physical health in childhood is associated with a variety of negative health-related outcomes in adulthood. Psychosocial pathways contributing to the maintenance of physical health problems from childhood to young adulthood remain largely unexamined, despite evidence that factors such as negative mood and stress impact physical health. DESIGN The current study tested the direct and indirect effects of ongoing health, chronic stress, health-related chronic stress, and depressive symptoms at age 20 on the link between health problems in childhood and young adulthood (age 21) in a longitudinal sample (n = 384). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The hypotheses were tested using a multiple mediation path analysis framework; the primary outcome measure was a composite index of health status markers in young adulthood. RESULTS The proposed model provided an adequate fit for the data, with significant total indirect effects of the four mediators and significant specific indirect effects of health-related chronic stress and depressive symptoms in maintaining health problems from childhood into young adulthood. CONCLUSIONS Health problems are maintained from early childhood into young adulthood in part through psychosocial mechanisms. Depressive symptoms and health-related chronic stress have significant, unique effects on the relationship between health problems in early childhood and young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth D Dalton
- a Department of Psychology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Constance L Hammen
- a Department of Psychology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | | | - Jake M Najman
- c Department of Sociology, School of Population Health , University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia
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Tran NT, Clavarino A, Williams GM, Najman JM. Life course outcomes for women with different alcohol consumption trajectories: A population-based longitudinal study. Drug Alcohol Rev 2016; 35:763-771. [PMID: 27242244 DOI: 10.1111/dar.12428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Relatively little is known about the consequences for women of sustained higher levels of alcohol consumption. We examine three outcomes (marital relationship, reproductive health and well-being) for women with different alcohol consumption trajectories over 21 years. DESIGN AND METHODS Data were from a prospective cohort study in Brisbane, Queensland (n = 3337). Group-based trajectory modeling measured women's alcohol consumption trajectories spanning 21 years. Outcomes were measured using a self-report questionnaire at the 27-year follow-up. RESULTS Four trajectories of women's alcohol consumption were identified: abstaining, low-stable drinkers, moderate-escalating drinkers and heavy-escalating drinkers. Abstaining predicts positive outcomes measured at the 27-year follow-up such as being married, never having a divorce, never having multiple partners, and fewer pregnancy terminations. Moderate and heavy-escalating trajectories predict being unmarried, having multiple partners, having fewer children, having a termination of a previous pregnancy, and reporting lower levels of well-being at the 27-year follow-up. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The escalating-trajectory group is of particular interest as membership of this group is associated with a wide range of adverse life course outcomes by the 27-year follow-up. The consequences of moderate and heavy-escalating alcohol trajectories in a community sample of women whose pattern of alcohol consumption do not reach clinical criteria of problem drinking have not previously been described. Women with these sustained patterns of alcohol consumption are an appropriate target group for intervention programs. programs. [TranNT, Clavarino A,WilliamsGM,Najman JM. Life course outcomes for women with different alcohol consumption trajectories: A population-based longitudinal study. Drug Alcohol Rev 2016;35:763-771].
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam T Tran
- School of Social Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Department of Sociology, Academy of Journalism and Communication, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Gail M Williams
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jake M Najman
- School of Social Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Queensland Alcohol and Drug Research and Education Centre, Brisbane, Australia
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28
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Townsend ML, Riepsamen A, Georgiou C, Flood VM, Caputi P, Wright IM, Davis WS, Jones A, Larkin TA, Williamson MJ, Grenyer BFS. Longitudinal Intergenerational Birth Cohort Designs: A Systematic Review of Australian and New Zealand Studies. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150491. [PMID: 26991330 PMCID: PMC4798594 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The longitudinal birth cohort design has yielded a substantial contribution to knowledge of child health and development. The last full review in New Zealand and Australia in 2004 identified 13 studies. Since then, birth cohort designs continue to be an important tool in understanding how intrauterine, infant and childhood development affect long-term health and well-being. This updated review in a defined geographical area was conducted to better understand the factors associated with successful quality and productivity, and greater scientific and policy contribution and scope. METHODS We adopted the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) approach, searching PubMed, Scopus, Cinahl, Medline, Science Direct and ProQuest between 1963 and 2013. Experts were consulted regarding further studies. Five inclusion criteria were used: (1) have longitudinally tracked a birth cohort, (2) have collected data on the child and at least one parent or caregiver (3) be based in Australia or New Zealand, (4) be empirical in design, and (5) have been published in English. RESULTS 10665 records were initially retrieved from which 23 birth cohort studies met the selection criteria. Together these studies recruited 91,196 participants, with 38,600 mothers, 14,206 fathers and 38,390 live births. Seventeen studies were located in Australia and six in New Zealand. Research questions initially focused on the perinatal period, but as studies matured, longer-term effects and outcomes were examined. CONCLUSIONS This review demonstrates the significant yield from this effort both in terms of scientific discovery and social policy impact. Further opportunities have been recognised with cross-study collaboration and pooling of data between established and newer studies and international studies to investigate global health determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L. Townsend
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Angelique Riepsamen
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Christos Georgiou
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Eastern Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Monash University, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Services, Eastern Health Clinical School, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Victoria M. Flood
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent’s Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter Caputi
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Ian M. Wright
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, NSW Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Warren S. Davis
- Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, NSW Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alison Jones
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Theresa A. Larkin
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Moira J. Williamson
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Brin F. S. Grenyer
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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29
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Prospective associations between chronic youth sleep problems and young adult health. Sleep Health 2016; 2:69-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Thompson SM, Hammen C, Brennan PA. The Impact of Asynchronous Pubertal Development on Depressive Symptoms in Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood Among Females. J Youth Adolesc 2016; 45:494-504. [PMID: 26693918 PMCID: PMC5521264 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-015-0402-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Puberty is accompanied by numerous psychological and interpersonal challenges, including a dramatic rise in the prevalence of depression among girls. Pubertal timing has been identified as a potent predictor of depressive symptoms among females, but less is known about other features of puberty. The present study sought to address this gap in the literature by examining the effect of pubertal synchrony, the degree to which morphological indicators of puberty develop concurrently, on depressive symptoms in adolescence and emerging adulthood in a longitudinal sample. Among 355 female participants, asynchronous development at age 13 was associated with increased depressive symptoms at age 20, but not age 15. Additional analyses indicated that pubertal timing moderated the association between synchrony and depressive symptoms at age 20, such that girls who exhibited asynchronous development had the highest levels of depressive symptoms when they matured later than peers. Results provide initial empirical support for the role of pubertal synchrony in the development of depression among females and are discussed with regard to the biopsychosocial processes that may connect features of puberty with the long-term development of psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Thompson
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, 1285 Franz Hall, Box 951563, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1563, USA.
| | - Constance Hammen
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, 1285 Franz Hall, Box 951563, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1563, USA
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31
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Mills R, Kisely S, Alati R, Strathearn L, Najman J. Self-reported and agency-notified child sexual abuse in a population-based birth cohort. J Psychiatr Res 2016; 74:87-93. [PMID: 26774419 PMCID: PMC4744520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Child sexual abuse (CSA) has been associated with many adverse psychiatric outcomes. However, most studies have relied on retrospective self-report of exposure to CSA. We set out to investigate the incidence of CSA in the same birth cohort using both retrospective self-report and prospective government agency notification, and examine the psychological outcomes in young adulthood. The primary outcomes were measures of DSM-IV diagnoses (CIDI-Auto) at age 21. The 21-year retrospective CSA questions were completed by 3739 participants. CSA was self-reported by 19.3% of males and 30.6% of females. After adjustment for potential confounders, both self-reported and agency-notified CSA were associated with increased odds of lifetime major depressive disorder (MDD), anxiety disorders, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). For the first time in a birth cohort, this study has shown the disparity between the incidence of CSA when measured by self-report and government agency notification. Despite this discrepancy, adverse psychiatric outcomes are seen when CSA is defined using either method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Mills
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Department of Paediatrics, Logan Hospital, PO Box 4096, Loganholme DC, Queensland, 4129, Australia.
| | - Steve Kisely
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, 199 Ipswich Rd, Woolloongabba, Queensland, 4102, Australia.
| | - Rosa Alati
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Level 2, Public Health Building, School of Public Health, Herston, Queensland, 4006, Australia.
| | - Lane Strathearn
- Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
| | - Jake Najman
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Level 2, Public Health Building, School of Public Health, Herston, Queensland, 4006, Australia.
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32
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Ferro MA, Van Lieshout RJ, Scott JG, Alati R, Mamun AA, Dingle K. Condition-specific associations of symptoms of depression and anxiety in adolescents and young adults with asthma and food allergy. J Asthma 2016; 53:282-8. [PMID: 26539899 DOI: 10.3109/02770903.2015.1104694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined associations of asthma and food allergy with symptoms of depression and anxiety at 14 and 21 years of age to determine whether condition-specific associations exist. METHODS Data come from 4972 adolescents in the Mater University Study of Pregnancy. Symptoms of depression and anxiety were assessed using the Youth Self-Report and Young Adult Self-Report. RESULTS Condition-specific associations between asthma and depression, OR = 1.37 [1.12, 1.67] and between food allergy and anxiety, OR = 1.26 [1.04, 1.76] were found during adolescence, but not in young adulthood. Whereas asthma was associated with resolved depression, OR = 1.70 [1.13, 2.55], food allergy was associated with persistent anxiety, OR = 1.26 [1.01, 1.59]. CONCLUSIONS In adolescents, asthma is associated with an increased risk of clinically relevant symptoms of depression and food allergy with an increased risk of clinically relevant symptoms of anxiety. Future research is needed to clarify directionality and mechanisms explaining these relationships. Health professionals should be aware of the increased risk of mental health problems in adolescents with asthma or food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Ferro
- a Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences .,b Department of Pediatrics , and .,c Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics , McMaster University , Hamilton , Ontario , Canada
| | - Ryan J Van Lieshout
- a Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences .,c Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics , McMaster University , Hamilton , Ontario , Canada
| | - James G Scott
- d Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland , Herston , Queensland , Australia .,e Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital , Herston , Queensland , Australia
| | - Rosa Alati
- f School of Population Health, University of Queensland , Herston , Queensland , Australia .,g Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, University of Queensland , Herston , Queensland , Australia , and
| | - Abdullah A Mamun
- f School of Population Health, University of Queensland , Herston , Queensland , Australia
| | - Kaeleen Dingle
- h School of Public Health, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane , Queensland , Australia
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Al Mamun A, O'Callaghan MJ, Williams GM, Najman JM, Callaway L, McIntyre HD. Breastfeeding is protective to diabetes risk in young adults: a longitudinal study. Acta Diabetol 2015; 52:837-44. [PMID: 25539880 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-014-0690-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM It is unclear whether any breastfeeding or a certain duration of breastfeeding is protective against the development of diabetes in adult offspring. METHODS We followed a sub-sample of 3,595 offspring born in the Mater Hospital in Brisbane, Australia between 1981 and 1983 and for whom we had doctor diagnosed self-reported diabetes at age 21 years and maternal reported duration of breastfeeding at 6-month post-natal follow-up. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine the independent associations of duration of breastfeeding (never breastfeed, breastfed <4 months and breastfed ≥4 months) with offspring diabetes by age 21 years. RESULTS Of 3,595 young adults, 45 (1.25 %) developed diabetes by age 21 years. The odds ratio of experiencing diabetes was 0.58 (95 % CI 0.29, 1.16) for offspring who were breastfed <4 months, and it was 0.29 (95 % CI 0.13, 0.63), for offspring who were breastfed at least 4 months compared to the never breastfed offspring. Adjusting for potential confounding and mediating factors including maternal age, education, pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), smoking, offspring sports, TV and their BMI at 21 years did not substantially alter this association. CONCLUSIONS Findings of this study suggest that infants who are breastfed for longer than 4 months have a substantial protective effect against the development of diabetes in young adulthood, which is independent of current BMI. Promoting breastfeeding for a minimum of 4 months may be a useful strategy for the prevention of diabetes among young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al Mamun
- School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Herston Rd, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia.
| | | | - Gail M Williams
- School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Herston Rd, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Jake M Najman
- School of Population Health and School of Social Science, University of Queensland, Herston Rd, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Leonie Callaway
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Harold D McIntyre
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Mater Health Services, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Sutharsan R, O'Callaghan MJ, Williams G, Najman JM, Mamun AA. Rapid growth in early childhood associated with young adult overweight and obesity--evidence from a community based cohort study. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2015; 33:13. [PMID: 26825961 PMCID: PMC5025965 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-015-0012-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapid weight gain in early life may increase the risk of overweight and obesity in adulthood. We investigated the association between the rate of growth during early childhood and the development of overweight and obesity in young adults. METHODS We used a prospective cohort study of 2077 young adults who were born between 1981 and 1984 in Brisbane, Australia and had anthropometry measurements available at birth, 6 months, 5 years, 14 years and 21 years of age. The associations of rate of early growth with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and their categories at 21 years were studied using multivariate analysis. RESULTS We found that rapid weight gain [> + 0.67 standard deviation score (SDS)] in the first 5 years of life was associated with young adults' overweight status (BMI: adjusted OR = 2.35, 95% CI, 1.82-3.03; WC: adjusted OR = 2.20, 95% CI, 1.65-2.95). We also observed that slow weight gain in the first 5 years of age (< -0.67 SDS) was inversely associated with overweight (BMI: OR = 0.62, 95% CI, 0.45-0.84). Such associations were not found with WHR. Rapid weight gain in the first 6 months of life increased the risk of overweight as defined by BMI (adjusted OR = 1.13, 95% CI, 0.86-1.49) and WC (adjusted OR = 1.24, 95% CI, 0.92-1.67), but these associations were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION Rapid weight gain in the first 5 years of life in children increased their risk of a higher BMI and WC in young adulthood, in contrast slow weight gain was inversely associated with weight status at 21 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratneswary Sutharsan
- School of Population Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
- Eskitis Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Michael J O'Callaghan
- Mater Children's Hospital, Brisbane, and The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Gail Williams
- School of Population Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Jake M Najman
- School of Population Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
- School of Social Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Abdullah A Mamun
- School of Population Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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Sensitizing effect of early adversity on depressive reactions to later proximal stress: Moderation by polymorphisms in serotonin transporter and corticotropin releasing hormone receptor genes in a 20-year longitudinal study. Dev Psychopathol 2015; 26:1241-54. [PMID: 25422958 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579414000996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Previous research supports gene-environment interactions for polymorphisms in the corticotropin hormone receptor 1 gene (CRHR1) and the serotonin transporter gene linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) in predicting depression, but it has rarely considered genetic influences on stress sensitization processes, whereby early adversities (EA) increase depressive reactivity to proximal stressors later in life. The current study tested a gene-environment-environment interaction (G × E × E; specifically, gene-EA-proximal stress interaction) model of depression in a 20-year longitudinal study. Participants were assessed prospectively for EA up to age 5 and recent chronic stress and depressive symptoms at age 20 and genotyped for CRHR1 single nucleotide polymorphism rs110402 and 5-HTTLPR. EA predicted stronger associations between recent chronic stress and depression, and the effect was moderated by genes. CRHR1 A alleles and 5-HTTLPR short alleles were associated with greater stress sensitization (i.e., greater depressive reactivity to chronic stress for those also exposed to high levels of EA). The results are consistent with the notion that EA exposure results in neurobiological and cognitive-emotional consequences (e.g., altered hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis functioning), leading to emotional distress in the face of recent stressors among those with certain genetic characteristics, although further research is needed to explore explanatory mechanisms.
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Genetic moderation of the association between adolescent romantic involvement and depression: Contributions of serotonin transporter gene polymorphism, chronic stress, and family discord. Dev Psychopathol 2015; 28:447-57. [PMID: 26037034 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579415000498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Studies support a link between adolescent romantic involvement and depression. Adolescent romantic relationships may increase depression risk by introducing chronic stress, and genetic vulnerability to stress reactivity/emotion dysregulation may moderate these associations. We tested genetic moderation of longitudinal associations between adolescent romantic involvement and later depressive symptoms by a polymorphism in the serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region gene (5-HTTLPR) and examined contributory roles of chronic stress and family discord. Three hundred eighty-one youth participated at ages 15 and 20. The results indicated that 5-HTTLPR moderated the association between age 15 romantic involvement and age 20 depressive symptoms, with strongest effects for short homozygotes. Conditional process analysis revealed that chronic stress functioned as a moderated mediator of this association, fully accounting for the romantic involvement-depression link among short/short genotypes. Also, romantic involvement predicted later depressive symptoms most strongly among short-allele carriers with high family discord. The results have important implications for understanding the romantic involvement-depression link and the behavioral and emotional correlates of the 5-HTTLPR genotype.
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Conway CC, Hammen C, Brennan PA. Adolescent precursors of adult borderline personality pathology in a high-risk community sample. J Pers Disord 2015; 29:316-33. [PMID: 25248011 PMCID: PMC5653280 DOI: 10.1521/pedi_2014_28_158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Longitudinal studies of the exact environmental conditions and personal attributes contributing to the development of borderline personality disorder (BPD) are rare. Furthermore, existing research typically examines risk factors in isolation, limiting our knowledge of the relative effect sizes of different risk factors and how they act in concert to bring about borderline personality pathology. The present study investigated the prospective effects of diverse acute and chronic stressors, proband psychopathology, and maternal psychopathology on BPD features in a high-risk community sample (N = 700) of youth followed from mid-adolescence to young adulthood. Multivariate analyses revealed significant effects of maternal externalizing disorder history, offspring internalizing disorder history, family stressors, and school-related stressors on BPD risk. Contrary to expectations, no interactions between chronically stressful environmental conditions and personal characteristics in predicting borderline personality features were detected. Implications of these findings for etiological theories of BPD and early screening efforts are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C. Conway
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Constance Hammen
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Tartter M, Hammen C, Bower JE, Brennan PA, Cole S. Effects of chronic interpersonal stress exposure on depressive symptoms are moderated by genetic variation at IL6 and IL1β in youth. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 46:104-11. [PMID: 25596176 PMCID: PMC4515110 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Close to one third of patients with major depression show increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines, which are in turn associated with risk for inflammatory disease. Genetic variants that enhance immune reactivity may thus enhance inflammatory and depressive reactions to stress. The aim of the present study was to investigate a trio of functional SNPs in the promoter regions of IL6 (-174G>C, rs1800795), IL1β (-511C>T, rs16944), and TNF (-308G>A, rs1800629) as moderators of the relationship between chronic stress exposure and elevations in depressive symptoms. METHODS Participants were 444 Australian youth (mean age=20.12) whose exposure to chronic stress in the past 6months was assessed using the semi-structured UCLA Life Stress Interview, and who completed the Beck Depression Inventory II at ages 15 and 20. Between ages 22 and 25, all participants in the selected sample provided blood samples for genotyping. RESULTS In line with a hypothesized moderation effect, -174G allele carriers at IL6 had fewer depressive symptoms following interpersonal stress, relative to C/C homozygotes with equal interpersonal stress exposure. However, IL6 genotype did not moderate the effects of non-interpersonal stress exposure (i.e., financial, work and health-related difficulties) on depression. Also in line with hypotheses, the -511C allele in IL1β, previously associated with higher IL-1β expression, was associated with more severe depression following chronic interpersonal stress exposure, relative to T/T homozygotes. Again, the moderating effect was specific to interpersonal stressors and did not generalize to non-interpersonal stress. TNF was not a moderator of the effects of either interpersonal or non-interpersonal stress on later depression outcomes. CONCLUSION Findings were consistent with the hypothesis that pro-inflammatory genetic variation increases the risk of stress-induced depression. The present results provide evidence of a genetic mechanism contributing to individual differences in depressive symptomatology following interpersonal stress exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Tartter
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
| | - Constance Hammen
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Julienne E Bower
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, USA; Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | | | - Steven Cole
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, USA; Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA; School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
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Hammen C, Bower JE, Cole SW. Oxytocin receptor gene variation and differential susceptibility to family environment in predicting youth borderline symptoms. J Pers Disord 2015; 29:177-92. [PMID: 25102084 DOI: 10.1521/pedi_2014_28_152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Oxytocin appears to be centrally involved in socioemotional functioning, and is hypothesized to be relevant to the severe disruption in close relationships characteristic of borderline personality pathology. We examined whether a polymorphism of the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR rs53576) interacts with quality of family functioning to predict borderline personality disorder (BPD) symptomatology in a sample of youth at age 20. A total of 385 youth from a longitudinal study of offspring of depressed or nondepressed mothers who were well characterized with respect to their family conditions and BPD symptomatology provided DNA for genotyping. Analyses revealed a significant moderation of the link between early family quality and later BPD symptoms by OXTR rs53576, and the pattern was consistent with differential susceptibility (plasticity). Whereas A-allele carriers had high levels of BPD symptoms under negative family conditions and low levels under positive conditions, GG homozygotes had average levels of BPD symptoms regardless of their family quality.
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40
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Hutchinson DM, Silins E, Mattick RP, Patton GC, Fergusson DM, Hayatbakhsh R, Toumbourou JW, Olsson CA, Najman JM, Spry E, Tait RJ, Degenhardt L, Swift W, Butterworth P, Horwood LJ. How can data harmonisation benefit mental health research? An example of The Cannabis Cohorts Research Consortium. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2015; 49:317-23. [PMID: 25747858 DOI: 10.1177/0004867415571169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Delyse M Hutchinson
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Australia Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Edmund Silins
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Richard P Mattick
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - George C Patton
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia Psychological Sciences and Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - David M Fergusson
- Christchurch Health and Development Study, Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Reza Hayatbakhsh
- School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - John W Toumbourou
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Australia Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Craig A Olsson
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Australia Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia Psychological Sciences and Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Jake M Najman
- Schools of Population Health and Social Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Spry
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robert J Tait
- National Drug Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Louisa Degenhardt
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Wendy Swift
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter Butterworth
- Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - L John Horwood
- Psychological Sciences and Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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Dalton ED, Hammen CL, Najman JM, Brennan PA. Genetic susceptibility to family environment: BDNF Val66met and 5-HTTLPR influence depressive symptoms. JOURNAL OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY : JFP : JOURNAL OF THE DIVISION OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY OF THE AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (DIVISION 43) 2014; 28:947-956. [PMID: 25347540 PMCID: PMC5510745 DOI: 10.1037/fam0000032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Functional genetic polymorphisms associated with Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and serotonin (5-HTTLPR) have demonstrated associations with depression in interaction with environmental stressors. In light of evidence for biological connections between BDNF and serotonin, it is prudent to consider genetic epistasis between variants in these genes in the development of depressive symptoms. The current study examined the effects of val66met, 5-HTTLPR, and family environment quality on youth depressive symptoms in adolescence and young adulthood in a longitudinal sample oversampled for maternal depression history. A differential susceptibility model was tested, comparing the effects of family environment on depression scores across different levels of a cumulative plasticity genotype, defined as presence of both, either, or neither plasticity alleles (defined here as val66met Met and 5-HTTLPR 'S'). Cumulative plasticity genotype interacted with family environment quality to predict depression among males and females at age 15. After age 15, however, the interaction of cumulative plasticity genotype and early family environment quality was only predictive of depression among females. Results supported a differential susceptibility model at age 15, such that plasticity allele presence was associated with more or less depressive symptoms depending on valence of the family environment, and a diathesis-stress model of gene-environment interaction after age 15. These findings, although preliminary because of the small sample size, support prior results indicating interactive effects of 5-HTTLPR, val66met, and environmental stress, and suggest that family environment may have a stronger influence on genetically susceptible women than men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth D. Dalton
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles; Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Constance L. Hammen
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles; Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jake M. Najman
- School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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42
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Park S, Kim BN, Kim JW, Jung YK, Lee J, Shin MS, Yoo HJ, Cho SC. The role of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor genotype and parenting in early life in predicting externalizing and internalizing symptoms in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Behav Brain Funct 2014; 10:43. [PMID: 25425456 PMCID: PMC4289369 DOI: 10.1186/1744-9081-10-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to determine whether early parenting is associated with externalizing and internalizing symptoms in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and whether such an association is affected by the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) val66met polymorphism. METHODS The participants included 92 patients with ADHD aged 6-15 years. Measures of parenting in early life and externalizing and internalizing symptoms and the genotype of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism were obtained. RESULTS The degree to which the baby's autonomy was allowed was significantly and negatively correlated with the CDI scores in ADHD children (r = -0.38, p = 0.005). After adjusting for the child's gender, the child's age, the family's gross annual income, and the maternal education level, there was a significant interaction for the BDNF genotype and mother's positive feelings about caring in relation to the development of childhood anxiety/depression in ADHD children (F = 2.51, p = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS Our results provide evidence of an interaction between the BDNF met allele and early parenting on the development of depression/anxiety symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Soo-Churl Cho
- Deparment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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43
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Ferro MA, Boyle MH, Alati R, Scott JG, Dingle K. Maternal psychological distress mediates the relationship between asthma and physician visits in a population-based sample of adolescents. J Asthma 2014; 52:170-5. [PMID: 25134785 DOI: 10.3109/02770903.2014.955191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined whether maternal psychological distress mediates the relationship between presence of adolescent asthma and number of physician visits and whether the association between maternal psychological distress and physician visits is moderated by adolescent general health. METHODS Data were obtained from the Mater University Study of Pregnancy and included 4025 adolescents. Path analysis was used to examine mediating and moderating effects. RESULTS Maternal psychological distress was found to partially mediate the relationship between adolescent asthma and number of physician visits, accounting for 25% of the effect of adolescent asthma on physician visits (p = 0.046). There was no evidence to suggest that adolescent general health moderated the association between maternal psychological distress and physician visits (p = 0.093). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that maternal psychological distress is associated with increased physician visits, regardless of adolescents' general health. Lowering maternal psychological distress may serve to reduce health care utilization and costs among adolescents with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Ferro
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University , Ontario , Canada
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44
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Raposa EB, Hammen CL, Brennan PA. Close Friends' Psychopathology as a Pathway From Early Adversity to Young Adulthood Depressive Symptoms. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY 2014; 44:742-50. [PMID: 24871609 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2014.910788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Past research has highlighted the negative impact of early adverse experiences on childhood social functioning, including friendship selection, and later mental health. The current study explored the long-term effects of early adversity on young adults' close friends' psychological symptoms and the impact of these close friendships on later depressive symptoms. A prospective longitudinal design was used to examine 816 youth from a large community-based sample, who were followed from birth through age 25. Participants' mothers provided contemporaneous information about adversity exposure up to age 5, and participants completed questionnaires about their own depressive symptoms at age 20 and in their early 20s. Youth also nominated a best friend to complete questionnaires about his or her own psychopathology at age 20. Individuals who experienced more early adversity by age 5 had best friends with higher rates of psychopathology at age 20. Moreover, best friends' psychopathology predicted target youth depressive symptoms 2 to 5 years later. Results indicate that early adversity continues to affect social functioning throughout young adulthood and that best friendships marked by elevated psychopathology in turn negatively affect mental health. Findings have implications for clinical interventions designed to prevent the development of depressive symptoms in youth who have been exposed to early adversity.
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45
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Thompson SM, Hammen C, Starr LR, Najman JM. Oxytocin receptor gene polymorphism (rs53576) moderates the intergenerational transmission of depression. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2014; 43:11-9. [PMID: 24703166 PMCID: PMC3979470 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Maternal depression serves as a potent source of stress among offspring, greatly enhancing the risk of numerous adverse outcomes including youth depression. Several factors moderate the transmission of depression from mothers to offspring. However, the role of genetic characteristics in this process merits further exploration. Consistent with an interpersonal perspective on depression, the present study focused on a genetic polymorphism that has been shown to be relevant to social functioning, the rs53576 polymorphism of the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR). In a community sample of 441 youth, OXTR genotype moderated the association between maternal depression in early childhood and youth depressive symptoms in adolescence, such that youth possessing at least one A allele of OXTR who also had a history of maternal depression exhibited the highest levels of depressive symptoms at age 15. In order to explore possible interpersonal mediators of this effect, conditional process analyses examined the role of youth social functioning in adolescence. Results suggest that OXTR genotype may partially account for the transmission of maternal depression to youth and support the role of dysfunctional social processes as a mechanism through which OXTR influences the development of depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M. Thompson
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States,Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Sarah M. Thompson, UCLA Department of Psychology, 1285 Franz Hall, Box 951563, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563. . Telephone and Fax: (310) 825-6085
| | - Constance Hammen
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Lisa R. Starr
- Department of Clinical and Social Sciences in Psychology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Jake M. Najman
- School of Social Science, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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46
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Raposa EB, Bower JE, Hammen CL, Najman JM, Brennan PA. A developmental pathway from early life stress to inflammation: the role of negative health behaviors. Psychol Sci 2014; 25:1268-74. [PMID: 24760142 DOI: 10.1177/0956797614530570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Early life stressors are associated with elevated inflammation, a key physiological risk factor for disease. However, the mechanisms by which early stress leads to inflammation remain largely unknown. Using a longitudinal data set, we examined smoking, alcohol consumption, and body mass index (BMI) as health-behavior pathways by which early adversity might lead to inflammation during young adulthood. Contemporaneously measured early adversity predicted increased BMI and smoking but not alcohol consumption, and these effects were partially accounted for by chronic stress in young adulthood. Higher BMI in turn predicted higher levels of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor type II (sTNF-RII) and C-reactive protein (CRP), and smoking predicted elevated sTNF-RII. These findings establish that early adversity contributes to inflammation in part through ongoing stress and maladaptive health behavior. Given that maladaptive health behaviors portend inflammation in young adulthood, they serve as promising targets for interventions designed to prevent the negative consequences of early adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jake M Najman
- School of Population Health, University of Queensland
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Mills R, Alati R, Strathearn L, Najman JM. Alcohol and tobacco use among maltreated and non-maltreated adolescents in a birth cohort. Addiction 2014; 109:672-80. [PMID: 24325599 PMCID: PMC4140564 DOI: 10.1111/add.12447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2013] [Revised: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study examines whether child maltreatment experience predicts adolescent tobacco and alcohol use. METHODS The subjects were participants in the Mater-University Study of Pregnancy (MUSP), a birth cohort of 7223, of whom 5158 (71.4%) were available for analysis at the 14-year follow-up. Child protection history was obtained from the state's child protection agency and confidentially linked. Exposure to reported child maltreatment was the primary predictor variable. The outcome variables were self-reported smoking and alcohol use. Associations were adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS Reported child maltreatment was associated with early adolescent smoking [odds ratio (OR) 1.76, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.32-2.34] after adjustment for socio-demographic variables and coexisting alcohol use. Both neglect/emotional abuse (OR 2.03, 95% CI = 1.20-3.42) and neglect/emotional abuse that included physical abuse (OR 1.85, 95% CI = 1.19-2.88) were associated with smoking after full adjustment, including for coexisting alcohol use. After full adjustment, including coexisting smoking, only child neglect/emotional abuse predicted early adolescent alcohol use (OR 1.78, 95% CI = 1.06-2.97), but not the other types of maltreatment. CONCLUSIONS Reported child maltreatment predicts early adolescent smoking after adjusting for alcohol use, but does not predict alcohol use after adjustment for smoking. Both smoking and alcohol use are predicted by reported child neglect. Early adolescent smoking is also predicted by multi-type maltreatment that includes physical abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Mills
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Address: c/- Department of Paediatrics, Logan Hospital, PO Box 4096, Loganholme DC, Queensland, Australia 4129. , Phone: +61 7 3299 8899, Fax: +61 7 3299 8035
| | - Rosa Alati
- School of Population Health and Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, University of Queensland, Address: Level 2, Public Health Building, School of Population Health, Herston, Queensland, Australia 4006. , Phone: +61 7 336 55281, Fax: +61 7 336 55509
| | - Lane Strathearn
- Department of Pediatrics and Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS BCM 320, Houston, Texas 77030. , Phone: +1 832 822 3400, Fax: +1 832 825 3399
| | - Jake M. Najman
- Queensland Alcohol and Drug Research and Education Centre, University of Queensland, Address: Level 2, Public Health Building, School of Population Health, Herston, Queensland, Australia 4006. , Phone: +61 7 336 55180, Fax: +61 7 336 55509
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48
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Hayatbakhsh R, Clavarino A, Williams GM, Najman JM. Maternal and personal religious engagement as predictors of early onset and frequent substance use. Am J Addict 2014; 23:363-70. [PMID: 24629070 DOI: 10.1111/j.1521-0391.2014.12113.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 04/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE This study examined whether maternal and offspring's religiosity independently predict age of onset and frequency of substance use in offspring, and whether gender differentiates these associations. METHODS Data were from the Mater Hospital and University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy, a birth cohort study. Participants were a cohort of 3,537 persons who were born during 1981-83 and were followed-up to 21 years. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to estimate relative risk of substance use. RESULTS Both maternal and offspring's religious practice were associated with later onset and less frequent substance use. After adjustment for potential confounding and maternal religious background, offspring who were not attending church were more likely to report early onset of tobacco smoking (OR = 5.1; 95% CI: 2.8-9.4), alcohol drinking (OR = 17.4; 95% CI: 8.9-33.9) and cannabis use (OR = 7.5; 95% CI: 3.4-16.0). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Findings of this study suggest family and personal religious practices are predictors of less substance use problems in adolescents and young adult males and females. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS Religious engagement functions as a deterrent to adolescent tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Hayatbakhsh
- School of Population Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Mount Isa Hospital, Mount Isa, Queensland, Australia
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49
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Granek L, Rosenberg-Yunger ZRS, Dix D, Klaassen RJ, Sung L, Cairney J, Klassen AF. Caregiving, single parents and cumulative stresses when caring for a child with cancer. Child Care Health Dev 2014; 40:184-94. [PMID: 23121336 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single parents whose children have cancer are a marginalized group who report less family centred care, and therefore, less quality cancer care for their children. As such, the aims of this study were to explore how single parents of children with cancer describe their caregiving experiences and to understand their contextual life stressors. METHODS A constructivist grounded theory method was used. Qualitative interviews with 29 single parents of children with cancer who were at least 6 months post-diagnosis were recruited between November 2009 and April 2011 from four hospitals across Canada. Line-by-line coding was used to establish codes and themes and constant comparison was used to establish relationships among emerging codes and conceptual themes. RESULTS The first set of findings report on caregiving duties including: emotional tasks, informational tasks and physical tasks. The second set of findings report on the contextual picture of parent's lives including their living conditions, their physical and mental health and their family histories of disruption, trauma and disease. CONCLUSIONS Single parents caring for children with cancer were found to experience several cumulative stressors in addition to the current strain of caring for a child with cancer. The synergy of these cumulative stresses with the added strain of caregiving for a child with cancer may have long-term health and financial implications for parents. Broad-based policy interventions should focus on relieving the chronic strains associated with being a single parent of a child with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Granek
- Department of Public Health, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
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50
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Ferro MA, Boyle MH, Scott JG, Dingle K. The child behavior checklist and youth self-report in adolescents with epilepsy: testing measurement invariance of the attention and thought problems subscales. Epilepsy Behav 2014; 31:34-42. [PMID: 24333500 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2013.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to test for the measurement invariance of the Attention and Thought Problems subscales of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and Youth Self-Report (YSR) in a population-based sample of adolescents with and without epilepsy. Data were obtained from the 14-year follow-up of the Mater University Study of Pregnancy in which 33 adolescents with epilepsy and 1068 healthy controls were included for analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test for measurement invariance between adolescents with and without epilepsy. Structural equation modeling was used to test for group differences in attention and thought problems as measured with the CBCL and YSR. Measurement invariance was demonstrated for the original CBCL Attention Problems and YSR Thought Problems. After the removal of ambiguous items ("confused" and "daydreams"), measurement invariance was established for the YSR Attention Problems. The original and reduced CBCL Thought Problems were noninvariant. Adolescents with epilepsy had significantly more symptoms of behavioral problems on the CBCL Attention Problems, β=0.51, p=0.002, compared with healthy controls. In contrast, no significant differences were found for the YSR Attention and Thought Problems, β=-0.11, p=0.417 and β=-0.20, p=0.116, respectively. In this population-based sample of adolescents with epilepsy, the CBCL Attention Problems and YSR Thought Problems appear to be valid measures of behavioral problems, whereas the YSR Attention Problems was valid only after the removal of ambiguous items. Replication of these findings in clinical samples of adolescents with epilepsy that overcome the limitations of the current study is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Ferro
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Chedoke Site, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8K 4S1, Canada; Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, West 5th Campus, Administration - J Wing, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3K7, Canada.
| | - Michael H Boyle
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Chedoke Site, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8K 4S1, Canada; Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, West 5th Campus, Administration - J Wing, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3K7, Canada; Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8K 4S1, Canada
| | - James G Scott
- Metro North Mental Health, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia; The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Kaeleen Dingle
- School of Public Health & Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Herston, QLD 4059, Australia
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