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Morrison FG, Van Orden LJ, Zeitz K, Kuijer EJ, Smith SL, Heal DJ, Wallace TL. Navacaprant, a novel and selective kappa opioid receptor antagonist, has no agonist properties implicated in opioid-related abuse. Neuropharmacology 2024; 257:110037. [PMID: 38876309 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Kappa opioid receptors (KORs) are implicated in the pathophysiology of various psychiatric and neurological disorders creating interest in targeting the KOR system for therapeutic purposes. Accordingly, navacaprant (NMRA-140) is a potent, selective KOR antagonist being evaluated as a treatment for major depressive disorder. In the present report, we have extended the pharmacological characterization of navacaprant by further demonstrating its selective KOR antagonist properties and confirming its lack of agonist activity at KORs and related targets involved in opioid-related abuse. Using CHO-K1 cells expressing human KOR, mu (MOR), or delta (DOR) opioid receptors, navacaprant demonstrated selective antagonist properties at KOR (IC50 = 0.029 μM) versus MOR (IC50 = 3.3 μM) and DOR (IC50 > 10 μM) in vitro. In vivo, navacaprant (10-30 mg/kg, i.p.) dose-dependently abolished KOR-agonist induced analgesia in the mouse tail-flick assay. Additionally, navacaprant (10, 30 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly reduced KOR agonist-stimulated prolactin release in mice and rats, confirming KOR antagonism in vivo. Navacaprant showed no agonist activity at any opioid receptor subtype (EC50 > 10 μM) in vitro and exhibited no analgesic effect in the tail-flick assays at doses ≤100 mg/kg, p.o. thereby confirming a lack of opioid receptor agonist activity in vivo. Importantly, navacaprant did not alter extracellular dopamine concentrations in the nucleus accumbens shell of freely-moving rats following doses ≤100 mg/kg, p.o., whereas morphine (10, 20 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly increased dopamine levels. These results demonstrate that navacaprant is a KOR-selective antagonist with no pharmacological properties implicated in opioid-related abuse.
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MESH Headings
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/antagonists & inhibitors
- Animals
- CHO Cells
- Cricetulus
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Rats
- Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology
- Cricetinae
- Opioid-Related Disorders/drug therapy
- Narcotic Antagonists/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/antagonists & inhibitors
- Nucleus Accumbens/drug effects
- Nucleus Accumbens/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Dopamine/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karla Zeitz
- Neumora Therapeutics, Inc., 490 Arsenal Way, Watertown, MA, 02472, USA
| | - Eloise J Kuijer
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | | | - David J Heal
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK; DevelRx Ltd., BioCity, Nottingham, NG1 1GF, UK
| | - Tanya L Wallace
- Neumora Therapeutics, Inc., 490 Arsenal Way, Watertown, MA, 02472, USA.
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2
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McClain SP, Ma X, Johnson DA, Johnson CA, Layden AE, Yung JC, Lubejko ST, Livrizzi G, He XJ, Zhou J, Chang-Weinberg J, Ventriglia E, Rizzo A, Levinstein M, Gomez JL, Bonaventura J, Michaelides M, Banghart MR. In vivo photopharmacology with light-activated opioid drugs. Neuron 2023; 111:3926-3940.e10. [PMID: 37848025 PMCID: PMC11188017 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Traditional methods for site-specific drug delivery in the brain are slow, invasive, and difficult to interface with recordings of neural activity. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility and experimental advantages of in vivo photopharmacology using "caged" opioid drugs that are activated in the brain with light after systemic administration in an inactive form. To enable bidirectional manipulations of endogenous opioid receptors in vivo, we developed photoactivatable oxymorphone (PhOX) and photoactivatable naloxone (PhNX), photoactivatable variants of the mu opioid receptor agonist oxymorphone and the antagonist naloxone. Photoactivation of PhOX in multiple brain areas produced local changes in receptor occupancy, brain metabolic activity, neuronal calcium activity, neurochemical signaling, and multiple pain- and reward-related behaviors. Combining PhOX photoactivation with optical recording of extracellular dopamine revealed adaptations in the opioid sensitivity of mesolimbic dopamine circuitry in response to chronic morphine administration. This work establishes a general experimental framework for using in vivo photopharmacology to study the neural basis of drug action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannan P McClain
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Xiang Ma
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Desiree A Johnson
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Caroline A Johnson
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Aryanna E Layden
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jean C Yung
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Susan T Lubejko
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Giulia Livrizzi
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Biological Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - X Jenny He
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Biological Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jingjing Zhou
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Janie Chang-Weinberg
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Emilya Ventriglia
- Biobehavioral Imaging and Molecular, Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Arianna Rizzo
- Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat 08907, Catalonia, Spain; Neuropharmacology and Pain Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat 08907, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marjorie Levinstein
- Biobehavioral Imaging and Molecular, Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Juan L Gomez
- Biobehavioral Imaging and Molecular, Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Jordi Bonaventura
- Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat 08907, Catalonia, Spain; Neuropharmacology and Pain Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat 08907, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Michael Michaelides
- Biobehavioral Imaging and Molecular, Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Matthew R Banghart
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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3
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Ghaffari K, Dousti Kataj P, Torkaman-Boutorabi A, Vousooghi N. Pre-mating administration of theophylline could prevent the transgenerational effects of maternal morphine dependence on offspring anxiety behavior: The role of dopamine receptors. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2023; 233:173660. [PMID: 37852327 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Opioid addiction causes some molecular alterations in the brain reward pathway, such as changes in gene expression that may be transferred to the next generation via epigenetic mechanisms such as histone acetylation. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of theophylline as an HDAC (Histone deacetylases) activator on D1 and D2 dopamine receptor expression in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and anxiety behavior in the offspring of morphine-dependent female rats. Female rats were exposed to escalating doses of morphine for six days and were then treated with theophylline (20 mg/kg) or saline for 10 days before mating with normal male rats. Male and female offspring were tested for anxiety behavior using an elevated plus maze apparatus. Besides, the expression of D1 and D2 dopamine receptors in the NAc was evaluated by real-time PCR (polymerase chain reaction). Results showed that offspring of morphine-dependent female rats had increased expression of both D1 and D2 receptors in the NAc, as well as decreased anxiety behavior, compared to control offspring. However, the mentioned effects were returned to normal levels in the offspring whose morphine-dependent mothers had received theophylline for 10 days before mating. It is concluded that theophylline may be therapeutically effective in minimizing the adverse consequences of maternal morphine dependence on offspring behavior by restoring normal dopamine receptor expression levels and modulating anxiety. To completely comprehend the underlying mechanisms of this phenomenon, more research is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Ghaffari
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parviz Dousti Kataj
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anahita Torkaman-Boutorabi
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Vousooghi
- Research Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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4
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McClain SP, Ma X, Johnson DA, Johnson CA, Layden AE, Yung JC, Lubejko ST, Livrizzi G, Jenny He X, Zhou J, Ventriglia E, Rizzo A, Levinstein M, Gomez JL, Bonaventura J, Michaelides M, Banghart MR. In vivo photopharmacology with light-activated opioid drugs. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.02.526901. [PMID: 36778286 PMCID: PMC9915677 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.02.526901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Traditional methods for site-specific drug delivery in the brain are slow, invasive, and difficult to interface with recordings of neural activity. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility and experimental advantages of in vivo photopharmacology using "caged" opioid drugs that are activated in the brain with light after systemic administration in an inactive form. To enable bidirectional manipulations of endogenous opioid receptors in vivo , we developed PhOX and PhNX, photoactivatable variants of the mu opioid receptor agonist oxymorphone and the antagonist naloxone. Photoactivation of PhOX in multiple brain areas produced local changes in receptor occupancy, brain metabolic activity, neuronal calcium activity, neurochemical signaling, and multiple pain- and reward-related behaviors. Combining PhOX photoactivation with optical recording of extracellular dopamine revealed adaptations in the opioid sensitivity of mesolimbic dopamine circuitry during chronic morphine administration. This work establishes a general experimental framework for using in vivo photopharmacology to study the neural basis of drug action. Highlights A photoactivatable opioid agonist (PhOX) and antagonist (PhNX) for in vivo photopharmacology. Systemic pro-drug delivery followed by local photoactivation in the brain. In vivo photopharmacology produces behavioral changes within seconds of photostimulation. In vivo photopharmacology enables all-optical pharmacology and physiology.
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5
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Stuart T, Jeang WJ, Slivicki RA, Brown BJ, Burton A, Brings VE, Alarcón-Segovia LC, Agyare P, Ruiz S, Tyree A, Pruitt L, Madhvapathy S, Niemiec M, Zhuang J, Krishnan S, Copits BA, Rogers JA, Gereau RW, Samineni VK, Bandodkar AJ, Gutruf P. Wireless, Battery-Free Implants for Electrochemical Catecholamine Sensing and Optogenetic Stimulation. ACS NANO 2023; 17:561-574. [PMID: 36548126 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c09475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Neurotransmitters and neuromodulators mediate communication between neurons and other cell types; knowledge of release dynamics is critical to understanding their physiological role in normal and pathological brain function. Investigation into transient neurotransmitter dynamics has largely been hindered due to electrical and material requirements for electrochemical stimulation and recording. Current systems require complex electronics for biasing and amplification and rely on materials that offer limited sensor selectivity and sensitivity. These restrictions result in bulky, tethered, or battery-powered systems impacting behavior and that require constant care of subjects. To overcome these challenges, we demonstrate a fully implantable, wireless, and battery-free platform that enables optogenetic stimulation and electrochemical recording of catecholamine dynamics in real time. The device is nearly 1/10th the size of previously reported examples and includes a probe that relies on a multilayer electrode architecture featuring a microscale light emitting diode (μ-LED) and a carbon nanotube (CNT)-based sensor with sensitivities among the highest recorded in the literature (1264.1 nA μM-1 cm-2). High sensitivity of the probe combined with a center tapped antenna design enables the realization of miniaturized, low power circuits suitable for subdermal implantation even in small animal models such as mice. A series of in vitro and in vivo experiments highlight the sensitivity and selectivity of the platform and demonstrate its capabilities in freely moving, untethered subjects. Specifically, a demonstration of changes in dopamine concentration after optogenetic stimulation of the nucleus accumbens and real-time readout of dopamine levels after opioid and naloxone exposure in freely behaving subjects highlight the experimental paradigms enabled by the platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tucker Stuart
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - William J Jeang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60201, United States
| | - Richard A Slivicki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Bobbie J Brown
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Alex Burton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Victoria E Brings
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Lilian C Alarcón-Segovia
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60201, United States
| | - Prophecy Agyare
- Department of Neuroscience, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60201, United States
| | - Savanna Ruiz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60201, United States
| | - Amanda Tyree
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Lindsay Pruitt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Surabhi Madhvapathy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60201, United States
| | - Martin Niemiec
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - James Zhuang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Siddharth Krishnan
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60201, United States
| | - Bryan A Copits
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - John A Rogers
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60201, United States
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60201, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60201, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60201, United States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60201, United States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Robert W Gereau
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Vijay K Samineni
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Amay J Bandodkar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
- Center for Advanced Self-Powered Systems of Integrated Sensors and Technologies (ASSIST), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Philipp Gutruf
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- Bio5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- Neuroscience GIDP, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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The influence of opioid blockage on the sexual response cycle: A randomized placebo-controlled experiment with relevance for the treatment of Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (CSBD). Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 147:105968. [PMID: 36356514 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The use of opioid antagonists is discussed as a feasible and tolerable treatment of Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (CSBD). However, little is known about the influence of opioid blockage on relevant physiological functions such as sexual arousal, pain perception as well as disgust sensitivity during the sexual response cycle (SRC). Healthy participants (N = 64, n = 32 women) were invited to the laboratory twice using a double-blind, randomized cross-over design, with an interval of four weeks between sessions. Participants were randomly subjected to an SRC condition (including an erotic audio play and masturbation to orgasm) and a control condition. Participants received either naltrexone (50 mg, n = 32) or placebo at both sessions. Self-reported sexual arousal and physiological measures of arousal as well as pain perception, odor disgust sensitivity, and prolactin levels were assessed along the SRC. Naltrexone increased prolactin levels and blunted the orgasm-induced prolactin rise. Naltrexone also reduced self-reported sexual arousal throughout the sexual response cycle and blunted respiration rate during masturbation. However, naltrexone did not affect other markers of physiological arousal, pressure pain ratings and odor disgust sensitivity. These findings suggest that naltrexone has an acute negative effect on sexual arousal. Since prolactin levels mediate sexual satiation, we propose that a prolactin-induced increase in sexual satiation could explain the positive effects reported for naltrexone in the treatment of CSBD.
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Leyrer-Jackson JM, Acuña AM, Olive MF. Current and emerging pharmacotherapies for opioid dependence treatments in adults: a comprehensive update. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2022; 23:1819-1830. [PMID: 36278879 PMCID: PMC9764962 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2022.2140039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Opioid use disorder (OUD) is characterized by compulsive opioid seeking and taking, intense drug craving, and intake of opioids despite negative consequences. The prevalence of OUDs has now reached an all-time high, in parallel with peak rates of fatal opioid-related overdoses, where 15 million individuals worldwide meet the criteria for OUD. Further, in 2020, 120,000 opioid-related deaths were reported worldwide with over 75,000 of those deaths occurring within the United States. AREAS COVERED In this review, we highlight pharmacotherapies utilized in patients with OUDs, including opioid replacement therapies, and opioid antagonists utilized for opioid overdoses and deterrent of opioid use. We also highlight newer treatments, such as those targeting the neuroimmune system, which are potential new directions for research given the recently established role of opioids in activating neuroinflammatory pathways, as well as over the counter remedies, including kratom, that may mitigate withdrawal. EXPERT OPINION To effectively treat OUDs, a deeper understanding of the current therapeutics being utilized, their additive effects, and the added involvement of the neuroimmune system are essential. Additionally, a complete understanding of opioid-induced neuronal alterations and therapeutics that target these abnormalities - including the neuroimmune system - is required to develop effective treatments for OUDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonna M. Leyrer-Jackson
- Department of Medical Education, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Phoenix, AZ, 85012, USA
| | - Amanda M. Acuña
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85257, USA
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85257, USA
| | - M. Foster Olive
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85257, USA
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85257, USA
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Rysztak LG, Jutkiewicz EM. The role of enkephalinergic systems in substance use disorders. Front Syst Neurosci 2022; 16:932546. [PMID: 35993087 PMCID: PMC9391026 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2022.932546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Enkephalin, an endogenous opioid peptide, is highly expressed in the reward pathway and may modulate neurotransmission to regulate reward-related behaviors, such as drug-taking and drug-seeking behaviors. Drugs of abuse also directly increase enkephalin in this pathway, yet it is unknown whether or not changes in the enkephalinergic system after drug administration mediate any specific behaviors. The use of animal models of substance use disorders (SUDs) concurrently with pharmacological, genetic, and molecular tools has allowed researchers to directly investigate the role of enkephalin in promoting these behaviors. In this review, we explore neurochemical mechanisms by which enkephalin levels and enkephalin-mediated signaling are altered by drug administration and interrogate the contribution of enkephalin systems to SUDs. Studies manipulating the receptors that enkephalin targets (e.g., mu and delta opioid receptors mainly) implicate the endogenous opioid peptide in drug-induced neuroadaptations and reward-related behaviors; however, further studies will need to confirm the role of enkephalin directly. Overall, these findings suggest that the enkephalinergic system is involved in multiple aspects of SUDs, such as the primary reinforcing properties of drugs, conditioned reinforcing effects, and sensitization. The idea of dopaminergic-opioidergic interactions in these behaviors remains relatively novel and warrants further research. Continuing work to elucidate the role of enkephalin in mediating neurotransmission in reward circuitry driving behaviors related to SUDs remains crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren G. Rysztak
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Emily M. Jutkiewicz
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Emily M. Jutkiewicz,
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9
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Turan Yücel N, Evren AE, Kandemir Ü, Can ÖD. Antidepressant-like effect of tofisopam in mice: A behavioural, molecular docking and MD simulation study. J Psychopharmacol 2022; 36:819-835. [PMID: 35638175 DOI: 10.1177/02698811221095528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a disease that affects millions of people worldwide, and the discovery and development of effective and safe antidepressant drugs is one of the important topics of psychopharmacology. OBJECTIVES In this study, it was aimed to investigate the antidepressant-like activity potential of tofisopam, an anxiolytic drug with 2,3-benzodiazepine structure, and to elucidate the pharmacological mechanisms mediating this effect. METHODS The antidepressant-like activity of tofisopam was investigated using tail suspension and modified forced swimming tests. Possible interactions of tofisopam with µ- and δ-opioid receptor subtypes were clarified by pharmacological antagonism, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies. RESULTS Tofisopam (50 and 100 mg/kg) significantly shortened the immobility time of mice in both the tail suspension and the modified forced swimming tests. The drug, at the same doses, prolonged the duration of swimming and climbing behaviours measured in modified forced swimming tests. A dosage of 25 mg/kg was ineffective. Mechanistic studies showed that the pretreatment with p-chlorophenylalanine methyl ester (serotonin synthesis inhibitor; 4 consecutive days, 100 mg/kg), α-methyl-para-tyrosine methyl ester (catecholamine synthesis inhibitor; 100 mg/kg), naloxonazine (selective µ-opioid receptor blocker, 7 mg/kg) and naltrindole (a selective δ-opioid receptor blocker, 0.99 mg/kg) abolished the anti-immobility effect induced by the 50 mg/kg dose of tofisopam in the tail suspension tests. Our in silico studies supported the behavioural findings that the antidepressant-like effect of tofisopam is mediated by μ- and δ-opioid receptors. CONCLUSION This study is the first to show that tofisopam has antidepressant-like activity mediated by the serotonergic, catecholaminergic and opioidergic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazlı Turan Yücel
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Asaf Evrim Evren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey.,Pharmacy Services, Vocational School of Health Services, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik, Turkey
| | - Ümmühan Kandemir
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Özgür Devrim Can
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
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10
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Cox BM, Toll L. Contributions of the International Narcotics Research Conference to Opioid Research Over the Past 50 years. ADVANCES IN DRUG AND ALCOHOL RESEARCH 2022; 2:10115. [PMID: 38390618 PMCID: PMC10880772 DOI: 10.3389/adar.2022.10115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The International Narcotics Research Conference (INRC), founded in 1969, has been a successful forum for research into the actions of opiates, with an annual conference since 1971. Every year, scientists from around the world have congregated to present the latest data on novel opiates, opiate receptors and endogenous ligands, mechanisms of analgesic activity and unwanted side effects, etc. All the important discoveries in the opiate field were discussed, often first, at the annual INRC meeting. With an apology to important events and participants not discussed, this review presents a short history of INRC with a discussion of groundbreaking discoveries in the opiate field and the researchers who presented from the first meeting up to the present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M. Cox
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Lawrence Toll
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
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11
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Graham DP, Harding MJ, Nielsen DA. Pharmacogenetics of Addiction Therapy. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2547:437-490. [PMID: 36068473 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2573-6_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Drug addiction is a serious relapsing disease that has high costs to society and to the individual addicts. Treatment of these addictions is still in its nascency, with only a few examples of successful therapies. Therapeutic response depends upon genetic, biological, social, and environmental components. A role for genetic makeup in the response to treatment has been shown for several addiction pharmacotherapies with response to treatment based on individual genetic makeup. In this chapter, we will discuss the role of genetics in pharmacotherapies, specifically for cocaine, alcohol, and opioid dependences. The continued elucidation of the role of genetics should aid in the development of new treatments and increase the efficacy of existing treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Graham
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and the Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mark J Harding
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and the Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David A Nielsen
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and the Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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12
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Singh PK, Lutfy K. The Role of Beta-Endorphin in Cocaine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference, Its Extinction, and Reinstatement in Male and Female Mice. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:763336. [PMID: 34955777 PMCID: PMC8702804 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.763336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous opioids have been implicated in cocaine reward. However, the role of each opioid peptide in this regard is unknown. Notably, the role of each peptide in extinction and reinstatement is not fully characterized. Thus, we assessed whether cocaine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) and its extinction and reinstatement would be altered in the absence of beta-endorphin. We also examined if sex-related differences would exist in these processes. Male and female mice lacking beta-endorphin and their respective controls were tested for baseline place preference on day 1. On day 2, mice were treated with saline/cocaine (15 mg/kg) and confined to the vehicle- or drug-paired chamber for 30 min, respectively. In the afternoon, mice were treated with the alternate treatment and confined to the opposite chamber. Mice were then tested for CPP on day 3. Mice then received additional conditioning on this day as well as on day 4. Mice were then tested for CPP on day 5. Mice then received extinction training on day 9. On day 10, mice were tested for extinction and then reinstatement of CPP following a priming dose of cocaine (7.5 mg/kg). Male and female mice lacking beta-endorphin did not exhibit CPP following single conditioning with cocaine. On the other hand, only male mice lacking beta-endorphin failed to show CPP after repeated conditioning. Nonetheless, reinstatement of CPP was blunted in both male and female mice lacking beta-endorphin compared to controls. The present results suggest that beta-endorphin plays a functional role in cocaine-induced CPP and its reinstatement, and sex-related differences exist in the regulatory action of beta-endorphin on the acquisition but not reinstatement of cocaine CPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prableen K Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Kabirullah Lutfy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
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13
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Selective Manipulation of G-Protein γ 7 Subunit in Mice Provides New Insights into Striatal Control of Motor Behavior. J Neurosci 2021; 41:9065-9081. [PMID: 34544837 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1211-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimulatory coupling of dopamine D1 (D1R) and adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) to adenylyl cyclase within the striatum is mediated through a specific Gαolfβ2γ7 heterotrimer to ultimately modulate motor behaviors. To dissect the individual roles of the Gαolfβ2γ7 heterotrimer in different populations of medium spiny neurons (MSNs), we produced and characterized conditional mouse models, in which the Gng7 gene was deleted in either the D1R- or A2AR/D2R-expressing MSNs. We show that conditional loss of γ7 disrupts the cell type-specific assembly of the Gαolfβ2γ7 heterotrimer, thereby identifying its circumscribed roles acting downstream of either the D1Rs or A2ARs in coordinating motor behaviors, including in vivo responses to psychostimulants. We reveal that Gαolfβ2γ7/cAMP signal in D1R-MSNs does not impact spontaneous and amphetamine-induced locomotor behaviors in male and female mice, while its loss in A2AR/D2R-MSNs results in a hyperlocomotor phenotype and enhanced locomotor response to amphetamine. Additionally, Gαolfβ2γ7/cAMP signal in either D1R- or A2AR/D2R-expressing MSNs is not required for the activation of PKA signaling by amphetamine. Finally, we show that Gαolfβ2γ7 signaling acting downstream of D1Rs is selectively implicated in the acute locomotor-enhancing effects of morphine. Collectively, these results support the general notion that receptors use specific Gαβγ proteins to direct the fidelity of downstream signaling pathways and to elicit a diverse repertoire of cellular functions. Specifically, these findings highlight the critical role for the γ7 protein in determining the cellular level, and hence, the function of the Gαolfβ2γ7 heterotrimer in several disease states associated with dysfunctional striatal signaling.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Dysfunction or imbalance of cAMP signaling in the striatum has been linked to several neurologic and neuropsychiatric disorders, including Parkinson's disease, dystonia, schizophrenia, and drug addiction. By genetically targeting the γ7 subunit in distinct striatal neuronal subpopulations in mice, we demonstrate that the formation and function of the Gαolfβ2γ7 heterotrimer, which represents the rate-limiting step for cAMP production in the striatum, is selectively disrupted. Furthermore, we reveal cell type-specific roles for Gαolfβ2γ7-mediated cAMP production in the control of spontaneous locomotion as well as behavioral and molecular responses to psychostimulants. Our findings identify the γ7 protein as a novel therapeutic target for disease states associated with dysfunctional striatal cAMP signaling.
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Imoto D, Yamamoto I, Matsunaga H, Yonekura T, Lee ML, Kato KX, Yamasaki T, Xu S, Ishimoto T, Yamagata S, Otsuguro KI, Horiuchi M, Iijima N, Kimura K, Toda C. Refeeding activates neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus to inhibit food intake and promote positive valence. Mol Metab 2021; 54:101366. [PMID: 34728342 PMCID: PMC8609163 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The regulation of food intake is a major research area in the study of obesity, which plays a key role in the development of metabolic syndrome. Gene targeting studies have clarified the roles of hypothalamic neurons in feeding behavior, but the deletion of a gene has a long-term effect on neurophysiology. Our understanding of short-term changes such as appetite under physiological conditions is therefore still limited. Methods Targeted recombination in active populations (TRAP) is a newly developed method for labeling active neurons by using tamoxifen-inducible Cre recombination controlled by the promoter of activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc/Arg3.1), a member of immediate early genes. Transgenic mice for TRAP were fasted overnight, re-fed with normal diet, and injected with 4-hydroxytamoxifen 1 h after the refeeding to label the active neurons. The role of labeled neurons was examined by expressing excitatory or inhibitory designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs). The labeled neurons were extracted and RNA sequencing was performed to identify genes that are specifically expressed in these neurons. Results Fasting-refeeding activated and labeled neurons in the compact part of the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) that project to the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus. Chemogenetic activation of the labeled DMH neurons decreased food intake and developed place preference, an indicator of positive valence. Chemogenetic activation or inhibition of these neurons had no influence on the whole-body glucose metabolism. The labeled DMH neurons expressed prodynorphin (pdyn), gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), cholecystokinin (CCK), and thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor (Trhr) genes. Conclusions We identified a novel cell type of DMH neurons that can inhibit food intake and promote feeding-induced positive valence. Our study provides insight into the role of DMH and its molecular mechanism in the regulation of appetite and emotion. Fasting-refeeding activates a subset of neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH). Chemogenetic inhibition of the DMH neurons increases food intake. Chemogenetic activation of the DMH neurons inhibits food intake and promotes positive valence. The DMH neurons express pdyn, GRP, CCK and Trhr genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daigo Imoto
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Izumi Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Matsunaga
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Toya Yonekura
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Ming-Liang Lee
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Kan X Kato
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamasaki
- Laboratory of Animal Experiment, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Shucheng Xu
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Taiga Ishimoto
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamagata
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Otsuguro
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Motohiro Horiuchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Hygiene, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Norifumi Iijima
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan; Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kimura
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Chitoku Toda
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0818, Japan.
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15
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A midbrain dynorphin circuit promotes threat generalization. Curr Biol 2021; 31:4388-4396.e5. [PMID: 34388372 PMCID: PMC8511093 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Discrimination between predictive and non-predictive threat stimuli decreases as threat intensity increases. The central mechanisms that mediate the transition from discriminatory to generalized threat responding remain poorly resolved. Here, we identify the stress- and dysphoria-associated kappa opioid receptor (KOR) and its ligand dynorphin (Dyn), acting in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), as a key substrate for regulating threat generalization. We identify several dynorphinergic inputs to the VTA and demonstrate that projections from the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) and dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) both contribute to anxiety-like behavior but differentially affect threat generalization. These data demonstrate that conditioned threat discrimination has an inverted "U" relationship with threat intensity and establish a role for KOR/Dyn signaling in the midbrain for promoting threat generalization.
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Stefanucci A, Iobbi V, Della Valle A, Scioli G, Pieretti S, Minosi P, Mirzaie S, Novellino E, Mollica A. In Silico Identification of Tripeptides as Lead Compounds for the Design of KOR Ligands. Molecules 2021; 26:4767. [PMID: 34443366 PMCID: PMC8399634 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The kappa opioid receptor (KOR) represents an attractive target for the development of drugs as potential antidepressants, anxiolytics and analgesics. A robust computational approach may guarantee a reduction in costs in the initial stages of drug discovery, novelty and accurate results. In this work, a virtual screening workflow of a library consisting of ~6 million molecules was set up, with the aim to find potential lead compounds that could manifest activity on the KOR. This in silico study provides a significant contribution in the identification of compounds capable of interacting with a specific molecular target. The main computational techniques adopted in this experimental work include: (i) virtual screening; (ii) drug design and leads optimization; (iii) molecular dynamics. The best hits are tripeptides prepared via solution phase peptide synthesis. These were tested in vivo, revealing a good antinociceptive effect after subcutaneous administration. However, further work is due to delineate their full pharmacological profile, in order to verify the features predicted by the in silico outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azzurra Stefanucci
- Department of Pharmacy, University G. d’Annunzio Chieti, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.S.); (A.D.V.); (G.S.)
| | - Valeria Iobbi
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), University of Genova, 16128 Genova, Italy;
| | - Alice Della Valle
- Department of Pharmacy, University G. d’Annunzio Chieti, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.S.); (A.D.V.); (G.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Scioli
- Department of Pharmacy, University G. d’Annunzio Chieti, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.S.); (A.D.V.); (G.S.)
| | - Stefano Pieretti
- Centro Nazionale Ricerca e Valutazione Preclinica e Clinica dei Farmaci, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Paola Minosi
- Centro Nazionale Ricerca e Valutazione Preclinica e Clinica dei Farmaci, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Sako Mirzaie
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie L. Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 27 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada;
| | - Ettore Novellino
- NGN Healthcare, Via Nazionale Torrette, 207, 83013 Mercogliano, Italy;
| | - Adriano Mollica
- Department of Pharmacy, University G. d’Annunzio Chieti, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.S.); (A.D.V.); (G.S.)
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Obesity and dietary fat influence dopamine neurotransmission: exploring the convergence of metabolic state, physiological stress, and inflammation on dopaminergic control of food intake. Nutr Res Rev 2021; 35:236-251. [PMID: 34184629 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422421000196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to explore how metabolic changes induced by diets high in saturated fat (HFD) affect nucleus accumbens (NAc) dopamine neurotransmission and food intake, and to explore how stress and inflammation influence this process. Recent evidence linked diet-induced obesity and HFD with reduced dopamine release and reuptake. Altered dopamine neurotransmission could disrupt satiety circuits between NAc dopamine terminals and projections to the hypothalamus. The NAc directs learning and motivated behaviours based on homeostatic needs and psychological states. Therefore, impaired dopaminergic responses to palatable food could contribute to weight gain by disrupting responses to food cues or stress, which impacts type and quantity of food consumed. Specifically, saturated fat promotes neuronal resistance to anorectic hormones and activation of immune cells that release proinflammatory cytokines. Insulin has been shown to regulate dopamine neurotransmission by enhancing satiety, but less is known about effects of diet-induced stress. Therefore, changes to dopamine signalling due to HFD warrant further examination to characterise crosstalk of cytokines with endocrine and neurotransmitter signals. A HFD promotes a proinflammatory environment that may disrupt neuronal endocrine function and dopamine signalling that could be exacerbated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and κ-opioid receptor stress systems. Together, these adaptive changes may dysregulate eating by changing NAc dopamine during hedonic versus homeostatic food intake. This could drive palatable food cravings during energy restriction and hinder weight loss. Understanding links between HFD and dopamine neurotransmission will inform treatment strategies for diet-induced obesity and identify molecular candidates for targeted therapeutics.
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Kappa Opioid Receptor Mediated Differential Regulation of Serotonin and Dopamine Transporters in Mood and Substance Use Disorder. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 271:97-112. [PMID: 34136961 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Dynorphin (DYN) is an endogenous neurosecretory peptide which exerts its activity by binding to the family of G protein-coupled receptors, namely the kappa opioid receptor (KOR). Opioids are associated with pain, analgesia, and drug abuse, which play a central role in mood disorders with monoamine neurotransmitter interactions. Growing evidence demonstrates the cellular signaling cascades linked to KOR-mediated monoamine transporters regulation in cell models and native brain tissues. This chapter will review DYN/KOR role in mood and addiction in relevance to dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmissions. Also, we discuss the recent findings on KOR-mediated differential regulation of serotonin and dopamine transporters (SERT and DAT). These findings led to a better understanding of the role of DYN/KOR system in aminergic neurotransmission via its modulatory effect on both amine release and clearance. Detailed knowledge of these processes at the molecular level enables designing novel pharmacological reagents to target transporter motifs to treat mood and addiction and reduce unwanted side effects such as aversion, dysphoria, sedation, and psychomimesis.
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Bidirectional role of acupuncture in the treatment of drug addiction. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 126:382-397. [PMID: 33839169 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Drug addiction is a chronically relapsing disorder, affecting people from all walks of life. Studies of acupuncture effects on drug addiction are intriguing in light of the fact that acupuncture can be used as a convenient therapeutic intervention for treating drug addiction by direct activation of brain pathway. The current review aims to discuss the neurobiological mechanisms underlying acupuncture's effectiveness in the treatment of drug addiction, on the basis of two different theories (the incentive sensitization theory and the opponent process theory) that have seemingly opposite view on the role of the mesolimbic reward pathways in mediating compulsive drug-seeking behavior. This review provides evidence that acupuncture may reduce relapse to drug-seeking behavior by regulating neurotransmitters involved in drug craving modulation via somatosensory afferent mechanisms. Also, acupuncture normalizes hyper-reactivity or hypoactivity of the mesolimbic dopamine system in these opposed processes in drug addiction, suggesting bidirectional role of acupuncture in regulation of drug addiction. This proposes that acupuncture may reduce drug craving by correcting both dysfunctions of the mesolimbic dopamine pathway.
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20
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De Aquino JP, Parida S, Sofuoglu M. The Pharmacology of Buprenorphine Microinduction for Opioid Use Disorder. Clin Drug Investig 2021; 41:425-436. [PMID: 33818748 PMCID: PMC8020374 DOI: 10.1007/s40261-021-01032-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Although expanding the availability of buprenorphine—a first-line pharmacotherapy for opioid-use disorder (OUD)—has increased the capacity of healthcare systems to offer treatment, starting this medication is fraught with significant barriers. Standard induction regimens require persons with OUD to taper and discontinue full opioid agonists and experience opioid withdrawal prior to the first dose of buprenorphine. Further, emerging evidence indicates that precipitated withdrawal during induction may impact long-term treatment outcomes. Microinduction is a novel approach that, by harnessing buprenorphine’s unique pharmacological profile, may allow circumventing the needed for prolonged opioid tapers, and reduce the risk of precipitated withdrawal—holding promise to enhance treatment access. In this review, we examine the pharmacological basis for microinduction and appraise the evidence of this approach to improve clinical outcomes among persons with OUD. First, we highlight the potential dose-dependent effects of buprenorphine on two key neuroadaptations at the mu-opioid receptor (MOR)—resensitization and upregulation. We then focus on how microinduction may reverse these chronic MOR neuroadaptations, allowing the maintenance of an adequate opioid tone, and thereby potentially circumventing opioid withdrawal. Second, we describe the clinical evidence available, derived from observational reports and open-label studies, examining the potential efficacy of microinduction. Despite significant heterogeneity—exemplified by variable buprenorphine formulations, daily doses, and schedules of administration—these data provide preliminary support for the feasibility of microinduction. Finally, we provide new mechanistic, methodological, and clinical insights to guide future translational research, as well as randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials in this compelling agenda of pharmacotherapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao P De Aquino
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, 950 Campbell Avenue, 151D, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
| | - Suprit Parida
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, 950 Campbell Avenue, 151D, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Mehmet Sofuoglu
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, 950 Campbell Avenue, 151D, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
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21
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Effects of kappa opioid receptor agonists on fentanyl vs. food choice in male and female rats: contingent vs. non-contingent administration. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:1017-1028. [PMID: 33404739 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05749-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Strategies are needed to decrease the abuse liability of mu opioid receptor (MOR) agonists. One strategy under consideration is to combine MOR agonists with kappa opioid receptor (KOR) agonists. OBJECTIVES The effects of KOR agonists (U50488, nalfurafine) on fentanyl-vs.-food choice were compared under conditions where the KOR agonists were added to the intravenously self-administered fentanyl (contingent delivery) or administered as subcutaneous pretreatments (non-contingent delivery) in male and female rats. METHODS Rats were trained to respond under a concurrent schedule of fentanyl (0, 0.32-10 μg/kg/infusion) and food reinforcement. In experiment 1, U50488 and nalfurafine were co-administered with fentanyl as fixed-proportion mixtures (contingent administration). In experiment 2, U50488 (1-10 mg/kg) and nalfurafine (3.2-32 μg/kg) were administered as acute pretreatments (non-contingent administration). The selective KOR antagonist, nor-BNI (32 mg/kg), was administered prior to contingent and non-contingent KOR-agonist treatment in experiment 3. RESULTS Both U50488 and nalfurafine decreased fentanyl choice when administered contingently, demonstrating that KOR agonists punish opioid choice. However, evidence for punishment corresponded with an elimination of operant responding in the majority of rats. Non-contingent U50488 and nalfurafine administration only decreased the number of choices made during the behavioral session without altering fentanyl choice. Contingent and non-contingent KOR-agonist effects on fentanyl choice were both attenuated by nor-BNI. CONCLUSIONS These results illustrate that the effects of KOR agonists on fentanyl reinforcement are dependent upon the contingencies under which they are administered.
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Cunningham JI, Todtenkopf MS, Dean RL, Azar MR, Koob GF, Deaver DR, Eyerman DJ. Samidorphan, an opioid receptor antagonist, attenuates drug-induced increases in extracellular dopamine concentrations and drug self-administration in male Wistar rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2021; 204:173157. [PMID: 33647274 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2021.173157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Opioid receptors modulate neurochemical and behavioral responses to drugs of abuse in nonclinical models. Samidorphan (SAM) is a new molecular entity that binds with high affinity to human mu- (μ), kappa- (κ), and delta- (δ) opioid receptors and functions as a μ-opioid receptor antagonist with partial agonist activity at κ- and δ-opioid receptors. Based on its in vitro profile, we hypothesized that SAM would block key neurobiological effects of drugs of abuse. Therefore, we assessed the effects of SAM on ethanol-, oxycodone-, cocaine-, and amphetamine-induced increases in extracellular dopamine (DAext) in the nucleus accumbens shell (NAc-sh), and ethanol and cocaine self-administration behavior in rats. In microdialysis studies, administration of SAM alone did not result in measurable changes in NAc-sh DAext when given across a large range of doses. However, SAM markedly decreased average and maximal increases in NAc-sh DAext produced by each of the drugs of abuse tested. In behavioral studies, SAM attenuated fixed-ratio ethanol self-administration and progressive ratio cocaine self-administration. These results highlight the potential of SAM to counteract the neurobiological and behavioral effects of several drugs of abuse with differing mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - George F Koob
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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CRH CeA→VTA inputs inhibit the positive ensembles to induce negative effect of opiate withdrawal. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:6170-6186. [PMID: 34642456 PMCID: PMC8760059 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01321-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Plasticity of neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) is critical for establishment of drug dependence. However, the remodeling of the circuits mediating the transition between positive and negative effect remains unclear. Here, we used neuronal activity-dependent labeling technique to characterize and temporarily control the VTA neuronal ensembles recruited by the initial morphine exposure (morphine-positive ensembles, Mor-Ens). Mor-Ens preferentially projected to NAc, and induced dopamine-dependent positive reinforcement. Electrophysiology and rabies viral tracing revealed the preferential connections between the VTA-projective corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons of central amygdala (CRHCeA→VTA) and Mor-Ens, which was enhanced after escalating morphine exposure and mediated the negative effect during opiate withdrawal. Pharmacologic intervention or CRISPR-mediated repression of CRHR1 in Mor-Ens weakened the inhibitory CRHCeA→VTA inputs, and alleviated the negative effect during opiate withdrawal. These data suggest that neurons encoding opioid reward experience are inhibited by enhanced CRHCeA→VTA inputs induced by chronic morphine exposure, leading to negative effect during opiate withdrawal, and provide new insight into the pathological changes in VTA plasticity after drug abuse and mechanism of opiate dependence.
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24
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Eck SR, Bangasser DA. The effects of early life stress on motivated behaviors: A role for gonadal hormones. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 119:86-100. [PMID: 33022296 PMCID: PMC7744121 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Motivated behaviors are controlled by the mesocorticolimbic dopamine (DA) system, consisting of projections from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and prefrontal cortex (PFC), with input from structures including the medial preoptic area (mPOA). Sex differences are present in this circuit, and gonadal hormones (e.g., estradiol and testosterone) are important for regulating DA transmission. Early life stress (ELS) also regulates the mesocorticolimbic DA system. ELS modifies motivated behaviors and the underlying DA circuitry, increasing risk for disorders such as substance use disorder, major depression, and schizophrenia. ELS has been shown to change gonadal hormone signaling in both sexes. Thus, one way that ELS could impact mesocorticolimbic DA is by altering the efficacy of gonadal hormones. This review provides evidence for this idea by integrating the gonadal hormone, motivation, and ELS literature to argue that ELS alters gonadal hormone signaling to impact motivated behavior. We also discuss the importance of these effects in the context of understanding risk and treatments for psychiatric disorders in men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha R Eck
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA.
| | - Debra A Bangasser
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
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25
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Ren JN, Yin KJ, Fan G, Li X, Zhao L, Li Z, Zhang LL, Xie DY, Pan SY, Yuan F. Effect of short-term intake of high- and low-concentrations of sucrose solution on the neurochemistry of male and female mice. Food Funct 2020; 11:9103-9113. [PMID: 33026021 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02214d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effect of short-term intake of high- and low-concentrations of sucrose solution on the neurochemistry of male and female mice was studied. The body weight, feed intake, sucrose solution consumption and brain monoamine neurotransmitters were determined after 34 days' intake of 1% and 8% sucrose solutions. The gene expression and protein levels related to dopamine and opioids were also determined. The results showed that the intake of 1% and 8% sucrose solution for 34 days did not cause significant changes in the weight development of both male and female mice. The preference for sucrose varies with sex. Both males and females had greater preference for the high concentration sucrose solution than the low concentration sucrose solution. The continuous intake of sucrose stimulated the release of monoamine neurotransmitters (DA, 5-HT, NE) in the brains of mice, and the reward effect of 8% sucrose solution is significantly higher than that of 1% sucrose solution. The sex of mice did not affect the release of neurotransmitters. The gene expressions of D1 and D2 were up-regulated in the 1% sucrose group of male mice, while the OPRM1 gene expression was down-regulated. The expression of these three genes in the 8% sucrose group of male mice was all down-regulated, while the gene expressions of D1 and D2 in the 1% and 8% sucrose group (p < 0.05) of female mice were both up-regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Nan Ren
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Kai-Jing Yin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Gang Fan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Xiao Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Lei Zhao
- Food and Agriculture Standardization Institute, China National Institute of Standardization, Beijing 102200, China
| | - Zhi Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Lu-Lu Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Ding-Yuan Xie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Si-Yi Pan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Fang Yuan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China.
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26
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Chen C, Willhouse AH, Huang P, Ko N, Wang Y, Xu B, Huang LHM, Kieffer B, Barbe MF, Liu-Chen LY. Characterization of a Knock-In Mouse Line Expressing a Fusion Protein of κ Opioid Receptor Conjugated with tdTomato: 3-Dimensional Brain Imaging via CLARITY. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0028-20.2020. [PMID: 32561573 PMCID: PMC7385665 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0028-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of κ opioid receptor (KOR) produces analgesia, antipruritic effect, sedation and dysphoria. To characterize neuroanatomy of KOR at high resolutions and circumvent issues of specificity of KOR antibodies, we generated a knock-in mouse line expressing KOR fused at the C terminus with the fluorescent protein tdTomato (KtdT). The selective KOR agonist U50,488H caused anti-scratch effect and hypolocomotion, indicating intact KOR neuronal circuitries. Clearing of brains with CLARITY revealed three-dimensional (3-D) images of distribution of KOR, and any G-protein-coupled receptors, for the first time. 3-D brain images of KtdT and immunohistochemistry (IHC) on brain sections with antibodies against tdTomato show similar distribution to that of autoradiography of [3H]U69,593 binding to KOR in wild-type mice. KtdT was observed in regions involved in reward and aversion, pain modulation, and neuroendocrine regulation. KOR is present in several areas with unknown roles, including the claustrum (CLA), dorsal endopiriform nucleus, paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT), lateral habenula (LHb), and substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr), which are discussed. Prominent KtdT-containing fibers were observed to project from caudate putamen (CP) and nucleus accumbens (ACB) to substantia innominata (SI) and SNr. Double IHC revealed co-localization of KtdT with tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in brain regions, including CP, ACB, and ventral tegmental area (VTA). KOR was visualized at the cellular level, such as co-localization with TH and agonist-induced KOR translocation into intracellular space in some VTA neurons. These mice thus represent a powerful and heretofore unparalleled tool for neuroanatomy of KOR at both the 3-D and cellular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongguang Chen
- Center for Substance Abuse Research and Department of Pharmacology
| | - Alex H Willhouse
- Center for Substance Abuse Research and Department of Pharmacology
| | - Peng Huang
- Center for Substance Abuse Research and Department of Pharmacology
| | - Nora Ko
- Center for Substance Abuse Research and Department of Pharmacology
| | - Yujun Wang
- Center for Substance Abuse Research and Department of Pharmacology
| | - Bin Xu
- Cardiovascular Research Center
| | | | - Brigitte Kieffer
- Douglas Hospital, McGill University, Verdun, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Mary F Barbe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140
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27
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Mella-Raipán J, Romero-Parra J, Recabarren-Gajardo G. DARK Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: Heroin and Desomorphine. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:3905-3927. [PMID: 32568519 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioids are arguably one of the most important pharmacologic classes, mainly due to their rich history, their useful and potent analgesic effects, and also, just as importantly, their "Dark Side", constituted by their reinforcing properties that have led countless of users to a spiral of addiction, biological dependence, tolerance, withdrawal syndromes, and death. Among the most significant abused and addictive known opioids are heroin and desomorphine, both synthetic derivatives of morphine that belong to the 4,5-epoxymorphinan structural chemical group of the opioid family drugs. These agents share not only structural, pharmacological, and epidemiological features but also a common geographical distribution. A drop in Afghan heroin production and its "exports" to Russia gave rise to widespread consumption of desomorphine in ex-Soviet republics during the first decade of the 21st century, representing an economical and accessible alternative for misusers to this sort of derivative. Herein we review the state of the art of history, chemistry and synthesis, pharmacology, and impact on society of these "cursed cousins".
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Mella-Raipán
- Instituto de Quı́mica y Bioquı́mica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaı́so, Av. Gran Bretaña 1111, Valparaı́so 2360102, Chile
- Facultad de Farmacia, Centro de Investigación Farmacopea Chilena, Universidad de Valparaı́so,, Av. Gran Bretaña 1093, Valparaı́so 2360102, Chile
| | - Javier Romero-Parra
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica y Fisicoquı́mica, Facultad de Ciencias Quı́micas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Sergio Livingstone 1007, Casilla
233, 8380492 Santiago, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Recabarren-Gajardo
- Bioactive Heterocycles Synthesis Laboratory, BHSL, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Quı́mica y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 306, Avda. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, 7820436 Santiago, Chile
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile,, Marcoleta 391, 8330024 Santiago, Chile
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28
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Zhou Y, Liang Y, Kreek MJ. mTORC1 pathway is involved in the kappa opioid receptor activation-induced increase in excessive alcohol drinking in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2020; 195:172954. [PMID: 32470351 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2020.172954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
KOP-r agonist U50,488H produces strong aversion and anxiety/depression-like behaviors that enhance alcohol intake and promote alcohol seeking and relapse-like drinking in rodents. Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway in mouse striatum is highly involved in excessive alcohol intake and seeking, and in the U50,488H-induced conditioned place aversion. Therefore, we hypothesized that KOP-r activation increases alcohol consumption through the mTORC1 activation. This study focuses on: (1) how chronic excessive alcohol drinking (4-day drinking-in-the-dark paradigm followed by 3-week chronic intermittent access drinking paradigm [two-bottle choice, 24-h access every other day]) affected nuclear transcript levels of the mTORC1 pathway genes in mouse nucleus accumbens shell (NAcs), using transcriptome-wide RNA sequencing analysis; and (2) whether selective mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin could alter excessive alcohol drinking and prevent U50,488H-promoted alcohol intake. Thirteen nuclear transcripts of mTORC1 pathway genes showed significant up-regulation in the NAcs, with two genes down-regulated, after excessive alcohol drinking, suggesting the mTORC1 pathway was profoundly disrupted. Single administration of rapamycin decreased alcohol drinking in a dose-dependent manner. U50,488H increased alcohol drinking, and pretreatment with rapamycin, at a dose lower than effective doses, blocked the U50,488H-promoted alcohol intake in a dose-dependent manner, indicating a mTORC1-mediated mechanism. Our results provide supportive and direct evidence relevant to the transcriptional profiling of the critical mTORC1 genes in mouse NAc shell: with functional and pharmacological effects of rapamycin, altered nuclear transcripts in the mTORC1 signaling pathway after excessive alcohol drinking may contribute to increased alcohol intake triggered by KOP-r activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, NY, USA.
| | - Yupu Liang
- Research Bioinformatics, CCTS, The Rockefeller University, NY, USA
| | - Mary Jeanne Kreek
- Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, NY, USA
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29
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Hood LE, Leyrer-Jackson JM, Olive MF. Pharmacotherapeutic management of co-morbid alcohol and opioid use. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2020; 21:823-839. [PMID: 32103695 PMCID: PMC7239727 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2020.1732349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Opioid use disorder (OUD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) are two highly prevalent substance-related disorders worldwide. Co-use of the substances is also quite prevalent, yet there are no pharmacological treatment approaches specifically designed to treat co-morbid OUD and AUD. Here, the authors critically summarize OUD, AUD and opioid/alcohol co-use and their current pharmacotherapies for treatment. They also review the mechanisms of action of opioids and alcohol within the brain reward circuitry and discuss potential combined mechanisms of action and resulting neuroadaptations. Pharmacotherapies that aim to treat AUD or OUD that may be beneficial in the treatment of co-use are also highlighted. Preclinical models assessing alcohol and opioid co-use remain sparse. Lasting neuroadaptations in brain reward circuits caused by co-use of alcohol and opioids remains largely understudied. In order to fully understand the neurobiological underpinnings of alcohol and opioid co-use and develop efficacious pharmacotherapies, the preclinical field must expand its current experimental paradigms of 'single drug' use to encompass polysubstance use. Such studies will provide insights on the neural alterations induced by opioid and alcohol co-use, and may help develop novel pharmacotherapies for individuals with co-occurring alcohol and opioid use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E. Hood
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | | | - M. Foster Olive
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
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30
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Abstract
Substance use disorders represent a global public health issue. This mental health disorder is hypothesized to result from neurobiological changes as a result of chronic drug exposure and clinically manifests as inappropriate behavioral allocation toward the procurement and use of the abused substance and away from other behaviors maintained by more adaptive nondrug reinforcers (e.g., social relationships, work). The dynorphin/kappa-opioid receptor (KOR) is one receptor system that has been altered following chronic exposure to drugs of abuse (e.g., cocaine, opioids, alcohol) in both laboratory animals and humans, implicating the dynorphin/KOR system in the expression, mechanisms, and treatment of substance use disorders. KOR antagonists have reduced drug self-administration in laboratory animals under certain experimental conditions, but not others. Recently, several human laboratory and clinical trials have evaluated the effectiveness of KOR antagonists as candidate pharmacotherapies for cocaine or tobacco use disorder to test hypotheses generated from preclinical studies. KOR antagonists failed to significantly alter drug use metrics in humans suggesting translational discordance between some preclinical drug self-administration studies and consistent with other preclinical drug self-administration studies that provide concurrent access to an alternative nondrug reinforcer (e.g., food). The implications of this translational discordance and future directions for examining the therapeutic potential of KOR agonists or antagonists as candidate substance use disorder pharmacotherapies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Banks
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
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31
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Browne CJ, Godino A, Salery M, Nestler EJ. Epigenetic Mechanisms of Opioid Addiction. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 87:22-33. [PMID: 31477236 PMCID: PMC6898774 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Opioid use kills tens of thousands of Americans each year, devastates families and entire communities, and cripples the health care system. Exposure to opioids causes long-term changes to brain regions involved in reward processing and motivation, leading vulnerable individuals to engage in pathological drug seeking and drug taking that can remain a lifelong struggle. The persistence of these neuroadaptations is mediated in part by epigenetic remodeling of gene expression programs in discrete brain regions. Although the majority of work examining how epigenetic modifications contribute to addiction has focused on psychostimulants such as cocaine, research into opioid-induced changes to the epigenetic landscape is emerging. This review summarizes our knowledge of opioid-induced epigenetic modifications and their consequential changes to gene expression. Current evidence points toward opioids promoting higher levels of permissive histone acetylation and lower levels of repressive histone methylation as well as alterations to DNA methylation patterns and noncoding RNA expression throughout the brain's reward circuitry. Additionally, studies manipulating epigenetic enzymes in specific brain regions are beginning to build causal links between these epigenetic modifications and changes in addiction-related behavior. Moving forward, studies must leverage advanced chromatin analysis and next-generation sequencing approaches combined with bioinformatics pipelines to identify novel gene networks regulated by particular epigenetic modifications. Improved translational relevance also requires increased focus on volitional drug-intake models and standardization of opioid exposure paradigms. Such work will significantly advance our understanding of how opioids cause persistent changes to brain function and will provide a platform on which to develop interventions for treating opioid addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb J Browne
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
| | - Arthur Godino
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Marine Salery
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Eric J Nestler
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
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32
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Kudla L, Bugno R, Skupio U, Wiktorowska L, Solecki W, Wojtas A, Golembiowska K, Zádor F, Benyhe S, Buda S, Makuch W, Przewlocka B, Bojarski AJ, Przewlocki R. Functional characterization of a novel opioid, PZM21, and its effects on the behavioural responses to morphine. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:4434-4445. [PMID: 31347704 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The concept of opioid ligands biased towards the G protein pathway with minimal recruitment of β-arrestin-2 is a promising approach for the development of novel, efficient, and potentially nonaddictive opioid therapeutics. A recently discovered biased μ-opioid receptor agonist, PZM21, showed analgesic effects with reduced side effects. Here, we aimed to further investigate the behavioural and biochemical properties of PZM21. EXPERIMENT APPROACH We evaluated antinociceptive effects of systemic and intrathecal PZM21 administration. Its addiction-like properties were determined using several behavioural approaches: conditioned place preference, locomotor sensitization, precipitated withdrawal, and self-administration. Also, effects of PZM21 on morphine-induced antinociception, tolerance, and reward were assessed. Effects of PZM21 on striatal release of monoamines were evaluated using brain microdialysis. KEY RESULTS PZM21 caused long-lasting dose-dependent antinociception. It did not induce reward- and reinforcement-related behaviour; however, its repeated administration led to antinociceptive tolerance and naloxone-precipitated withdrawal symptoms. Pretreatment with PZM21 enhanced morphine-induced antinociception and attenuated the expression of morphine reward. In comparison to morphine, PZM21 administration induced a moderate release of dopamine and a robust release of 5-HT in the striatum. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS PZM21 exhibited antinociceptive efficacy, without rewarding or reinforcing properties. However, its clinical application may be restricted, as it induces tolerance and withdrawal symptoms. Notably, its ability to diminish morphine reward implies that PZM21 may be useful in treatment of opioid use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucja Kudla
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ryszard Bugno
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Urszula Skupio
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Lucja Wiktorowska
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Wojciech Solecki
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Adam Wojtas
- Department of Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krystyna Golembiowska
- Department of Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ferenc Zádor
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Sándor Benyhe
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Szymon Buda
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Wioletta Makuch
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Barbara Przewlocka
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Andrzej J Bojarski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ryszard Przewlocki
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
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33
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Hansson AC, Gründer G, Hirth N, Noori HR, Spanagel R, Sommer WH. Dopamine and opioid systems adaptation in alcoholism revisited: Convergent evidence from positron emission tomography and postmortem studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 106:141-164. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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34
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Wai JM, Martinez D. Dopamine, Opioids, and Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of the Human Brain: Contrasting Findings in Opioid Use Disorder and Healthy Volunteers. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 86:328-329. [PMID: 31416514 PMCID: PMC6892395 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Wai
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Diana Martinez
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York.
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35
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Abstract
Substance and alcohol use disorders impose large health and economic burdens on individuals, families, communities, and society. Neither prevention nor treatment efforts are effective in all individuals. Results are often modest. Advances in neuroscience and addiction research have helped to describe the neurobiological changes that occur when a person transitions from recreational substance use to a substance use disorder or addiction. Understanding both the drivers and consequences of substance use in vulnerable populations, including those whose brains are still maturing, has revealed behavioral and biological characteristics that can increase risks of addiction. These findings are particularly timely, as law- and policymakers are tasked to reverse the ongoing opioid epidemic, as more states legalize marijuana, as new products including electronic cigarettes and newly designed abused substances enter the legal and illegal markets, and as "deaths of despair" from alcohol and drug misuse continue.
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Affiliation(s)
- George R. Uhl
- New Mexico VA Healthcare SystemAlbuquerqueNew Mexico
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36
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Spagnolo PA, Kimes A, Schwandt ML, Shokri-Kojori E, Thada S, Phillips KA, Diazgranados N, Preston KL, Herscovitch P, Tomasi D, Ramchandani VA, Heilig M. Striatal Dopamine Release in Response to Morphine: A [ 11C]Raclopride Positron Emission Tomography Study in Healthy Men. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 86:356-364. [PMID: 31097294 PMCID: PMC6699765 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.03.965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical and human positron emission tomography studies have produced inconsistent results regarding the effects of opioids on mesolimbic dopamine (DA). Here, we quantify striatal DA release (measured by [11C]raclopride displacement) in response to an intravenous infusion of morphine, and its relationship with morphine-induced subjective effects, in healthy, nondependent opioid-experienced participants. METHODS Fifteen healthy male participants were initially included. Sessions were on separate days. On session 1, participants received intravenous morphine (10 mg/70 kg) in the clinic to ensure tolerability. Participants without adverse reactions (n = 10) then received intravenous morphine and placebo (saline) sessions, in counterbalanced order, while undergoing [11C]raclopride positron emission tomography scans. Subjective and physiological responses were assessed. Region-of-interest and voxelwise image analyses were used to assess changes in [11C]raclopride nondisplaceable binding potential. RESULTS Morphine produced marked subjective and physiological effects and induced a significant decrease in [11C]raclopride nondisplaceable binding potential, particularly in the nucleus accumbens and globus pallidus, where the change in [11C]raclopride nondisplaceable binding potential was approximately 9%. However, the subjective effects of morphine did not show a simple pattern of correlation with DA release. CONCLUSIONS This is, to our knowledge, the first study providing in vivo human evidence that DA transmission in the ventral striatum is affected by morphine. Further studies are required to fully delineate the DA contribution to the reinforcing effects of opioids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Primavera A Spagnolo
- Human Motor Control Section, National Institute on Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Instutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Alane Kimes
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Melanie L Schwandt
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Instutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ehsan Shokri-Kojori
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Instutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Shantalaxmi Thada
- Positron Emission Tomography Department, Clinical Center, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Karran A Phillips
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nancy Diazgranados
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Instutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kenzie L Preston
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Peter Herscovitch
- Positron Emission Tomography Department, Clinical Center, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Dardo Tomasi
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Instutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Vijay A Ramchandani
- Section on Human Psychopharmacology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Instutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Markus Heilig
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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Margolis EB, Karkhanis AN. Dopaminergic cellular and circuit contributions to kappa opioid receptor mediated aversion. Neurochem Int 2019; 129:104504. [PMID: 31301327 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Neural circuits that enable an organism to protect itself by promoting escape from immediate threat and avoidance of future injury are conceptualized to carry an "aversive" signal. One of the key molecular elements of these circuits is the kappa opioid receptor (KOR) and its endogenous peptide agonist, dynorphin. In many cases, the aversive response to an experimental manipulation can be eliminated by selective blockade of KOR function, indicating its necessity in transmitting this signal. The dopamine system, through its contributions to reinforcement learning, is also involved in processing of aversive stimuli, and KOR control of dopamine in the context of aversive behavioral states has been intensely studied. In this review, we have discussed the multiple ways in which the KORs regulate dopamine dynamics with a central focus on dopamine neurons and projections from the ventral tegmental area. At the neuronal level, KOR agonists inhibit dopamine neurons both in the somatodendritic region as well as at terminal release sites, through various signaling pathways and ion channels, and these effects are specific to different synaptic sites. While the dominant hypotheses are that aversive states are driven by decreases in dopamine and increases in dynorphin, reported exceptions to these patterns indicate these ideas require refinement. This is critical given that KOR is being considered as a target for development of new therapeutics for anxiety, depression, pain, and other psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyssa B Margolis
- Department of Neurology, Alcohol and Addiction Research Group, University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Box 0444, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
| | - Anushree N Karkhanis
- Department of Psychology, Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center, Center for Developmental and Behavioral Neuroscience, Binghamton University - SUNY, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA.
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Parida S, Carroll KM, Petrakis IL, Sofuoglu M. Buprenorphine treatment for opioid use disorder: recent progress. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2019; 12:791-803. [PMID: 31232604 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2019.1635454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suprit Parida
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, VA Connecticut Health System West Haven Campus, West Haven, CT, USA
- School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kathleen M. Carroll
- School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ismene L. Petrakis
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, VA Connecticut Health System West Haven Campus, West Haven, CT, USA
- School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mehmet Sofuoglu
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, VA Connecticut Health System West Haven Campus, West Haven, CT, USA
- School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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Thibeault KC, Kutlu MG, Sanders C, Calipari ES. Cell-type and projection-specific dopaminergic encoding of aversive stimuli in addiction. Brain Res 2019; 1713:1-15. [PMID: 30580012 PMCID: PMC6506354 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Drug addiction is a major public health concern across the world for which there are limited treatment options. In order to develop new therapies to correct the behavioral deficits that result from repeated drug use, we need to understand the neural circuit dysfunction that underlies the pathophysiology of the disorder. Because the initial reinforcing effects of drugs are dependent on increases in dopamine in reward-related brain regions such as the mesolimbic dopamine pathway, a large focus of addiction research has centered on the dysregulation of this system and its control of positive reinforcement and motivation. However, in addition to the processing of positive, rewarding stimuli, there are clear deficits in the encoding and valuation of information about potential negative outcomes and how they control decision making and motivation. Further, aversive stimuli can motivate or suppress behavior depending on the context in which they are encountered. We propose a model where rewarding and aversive information guides the execution of specific motivated actions through mesocortical and mesolimbic dopamine acting on D1- and D2- receptor containing neuronal populations. Volitional drug exposure alters the processing of rewarding and aversive stimuli through remodeling of these dopaminergic circuits, causing maladaptive drug seeking, self-administration in the face of negative consequences, and drug craving. Together, this review discusses the dysfunction of the circuits controlling different types of aversive learning as well as how these guide specific discrete behaviors, and provides a conceptual framework for how they should be considered in preclinical addiction models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly C Thibeault
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Munir Gunes Kutlu
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Christina Sanders
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Erin S Calipari
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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40
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Zhou Y, Kreek MJ. Combination of Clinically Utilized Kappa-Opioid Receptor Agonist Nalfurafine With Low-Dose Naltrexone Reduces Excessive Alcohol Drinking in Male and Female Mice. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:1077-1090. [PMID: 30908671 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nalfurafine is the first clinically approved kappa-opioid receptor (KOP-r) agonist as an antipruritus drug with few side effects in humans (e.g., sedation, depression, and dysphoria). No study, however, has been done using nalfurafine on alcohol drinking in rodents or humans. METHODS We investigated whether nalfurafine alone or in combination with mu-opioid receptor (MOP-r) antagonist naltrexone changed excessive alcohol drinking in male and female C57BL/6J (B6) mice subjected to a chronic intermittent-access drinking paradigm (2-bottle choice, 24-hour access every other day) for 3 weeks. Neuronal proopiomelanocortin enhancer (nPE) knockout mice with brain-specific deficiency of beta-endorphin (endogenous ligand of MOP-r) were used as a genetic control for the naltrexone effects. RESULTS Single administration of nalfurafine decreased alcohol intake and preference in both male and female B6 mice in a dose-dependent manner. Pretreatment with nor-BNI (a selective KOP-r antagonist) blocked the nalfurafine effect on alcohol drinking, indicating a KOP-r-mediated mechanism. Pharmacological effects of a 5-dosing nalfurafine regimen were further evaluated: The repeated nalfurafine administrations decreased alcohol consumption without showing any blunted effects, suggesting nalfurafine did not develop a tolerance after the multidosing regimen tested. Nalfurafine did not produce any sedation (spontaneous locomotor activity), anhedonia-like (sucrose preference test), anxiety-like (elevated plus maze test), or dysphoria-like (conditioned place aversion test) behaviors, suggesting that nalfurafine had few side effects. Investigating synergistic effects between low-dose naltrexone and nalfurafine, we found that single combinations of nalfurafine and naltrexone, at doses lower than individual effective dose, profoundly decreased excessive alcohol intake in both sexes. The effect of nalfurafine on decreasing alcohol consumption was confirmed in nPE-/- mice, suggesting independent mechanisms by which nalfurafine and naltrexone reduced alcohol drinking. CONCLUSION The clinically utilized KOP-r agonist nalfurafine in combination with low-dose naltrexone has potential in alcoholism treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Mary Jeanne Kreek
- Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
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41
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Smith KL, Cunningham JI, Eyerman DJ, Dean RL, Deaver DR, Sanchez C. Opioid system modulators buprenorphine and samidorphan alter behavior and extracellular neurotransmitter concentrations in the Wistar Kyoto rat. Neuropharmacology 2019; 146:316-326. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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42
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Maestri E, Pavlicevic M, Montorsi M, Marmiroli N. Meta-Analysis for Correlating Structure of Bioactive Peptides in Foods of Animal Origin with Regard to Effect and Stability. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 18:3-30. [PMID: 33337011 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Amino acid (AA) sequences of 807 bioactive peptides from foods of animal origin were examined in order to correlate peptide structure with activity (antihypertensive, antioxidative, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, hypolipidemic, antithrombotic, and opioid) and stability in vivo. Food sources, such as milk, meat, eggs, and marine products, show different frequencies of bioactive peptides exhibiting specific effects. There is a correlation of peptide structure and effect, depending on type and position of AA. Opioid peptides contain a high percentage of aromatic AA residues, while antimicrobial peptides show an excess of positively charged AAs. AA residue position is significant, with those in the first and penultimate positions having the biggest effects on peptide activity. Peptides that have activity in vivo contain a high percentage (67%) of proline residues, but the positions of proline in the sequence depend on the length of the peptide. We also discuss the influence of processing on activity of these peptides, as well as methods for predicting release from the source protein and activity of peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Maestri
- Dept. of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Univ. of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124, Parma, Italy.,Interdepartmental Centre for Food Safety, Technologies and Innovation for Agri-food (SITEIA.PARMA), Univ. of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Milica Pavlicevic
- Inst. for Food Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Univ. of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Michela Montorsi
- Dept. of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open Univ., Via F. Daverio 7, 20122, Milan, Italy.,Consorzio Italbiotec, Via Fantoli, 16/15, 20138, Milano, Italy.,Inst. of Bioimaging and Molecular Physiology, National Council of Research (CNR), Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090, Segrate, Italy
| | - Nelson Marmiroli
- Dept. of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Univ. of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124, Parma, Italy.,Interdepartmental Centre for Food Safety, Technologies and Innovation for Agri-food (SITEIA.PARMA), Univ. of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43124, Parma, Italy.,Consorzio Italbiotec, Via Fantoli, 16/15, 20138, Milano, Italy
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43
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Jensen KP, DeVito EE, Yip S, Carroll KM, Sofuoglu M. The Cholinergic System as a Treatment Target for Opioid Use Disorder. CNS Drugs 2018; 32:981-996. [PMID: 30259415 PMCID: PMC6314885 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-018-0572-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Opioid overdoses recently became the leading cause of accidental death in the US, marking an increase in the severity of the opioid use disorder (OUD) epidemic that is impacting global health. Current treatment protocols for OUD are limited to opioid medications, including methadone, buprenorphine, and naltrexone. While these medications are effective in many cases, new treatments are required to more effectively address the rising societal and interpersonal costs associated with OUD. In this article, we review the opioid and cholinergic systems, and examine the potential of acetylcholine (ACh) as a treatment target for OUD. The cholinergic system includes enzymes that synthesize and degrade ACh and receptors that mediate the effects of ACh. ACh is involved in many central nervous system functions that are critical to the development and maintenance of OUD, such as reward and cognition. Medications that target the cholinergic system have been approved for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, tobacco use disorder, and nausea. Clinical and preclinical studies suggest that medications such as cholinesterase inhibitors and scopolamine, which target components of the cholinergic system, show promise for the treatment of OUD and further investigations are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P Jensen
- Department of Psychiatry and VA Connecticut Healthcare System, Yale University, School of Medicine, 950 Campbell Ave, Bldg 36/116A4, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Elise E DeVito
- Department of Psychiatry and VA Connecticut Healthcare System, Yale University, School of Medicine, 950 Campbell Ave, Bldg 36/116A4, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Sarah Yip
- Department of Psychiatry and VA Connecticut Healthcare System, Yale University, School of Medicine, 950 Campbell Ave, Bldg 36/116A4, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Kathleen M Carroll
- Department of Psychiatry and VA Connecticut Healthcare System, Yale University, School of Medicine, 950 Campbell Ave, Bldg 36/116A4, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Mehmet Sofuoglu
- Department of Psychiatry and VA Connecticut Healthcare System, Yale University, School of Medicine, 950 Campbell Ave, Bldg 36/116A4, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA.
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44
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Al-Hasani R, Wong JMT, Mabrouk OS, McCall JG, Schmitz GP, Porter-Stransky KA, Aragona BJ, Kennedy RT, Bruchas MR. In vivo detection of optically-evoked opioid peptide release. eLife 2018; 7:36520. [PMID: 30175957 PMCID: PMC6135606 DOI: 10.7554/elife.36520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Though the last decade has seen accelerated advances in techniques and technologies to perturb neuronal circuitry in the brain, we are still poorly equipped to adequately dissect endogenous peptide release in vivo. To this end we developed a system that combines in vivo optogenetics with microdialysis and a highly sensitive mass spectrometry-based assay to measure opioid peptide release in freely moving rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ream Al-Hasani
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Basic Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, United States.,Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, United States
| | - Jenny-Marie T Wong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Omar S Mabrouk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Jordan G McCall
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Basic Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, United States.,Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, United States.,Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
| | - Gavin P Schmitz
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Basic Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States.,Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, United States
| | | | - Brandon J Aragona
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Robert T Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Michael R Bruchas
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Basic Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States.,Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Center for the Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Washington, United States
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45
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Reed B, Butelman ER, Fry RS, Kimani R, Kreek MJ. Repeated Administration of Opra Kappa (LY2456302), a Novel, Short-Acting, Selective KOP-r Antagonist, in Persons with and without Cocaine Dependence. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:739-750. [PMID: 28857070 PMCID: PMC5809790 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2017.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The κ-opioid receptor (KOP-r) system and its endogenous ligands, the dynorphins, are involved in the neurobiological regulation of addictive states, and of mood. There are limited data on the impact of selective KOP-r antagonism in humans on basic biobehavioral functions, or on addictive diseases and mood disorders. Previously studied selective KOP-r antagonists have unusual pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties (slow development of KOP-r selectivity, extremely long duration of action) that limit translation to human studies. A recently developed selective KOP-r-antagonist, Opra Kappa (LY2456302; CERC-501), has medication-like duration of action, oral bioavailability, and target engagement. The current study is the first investigation of the effects of a KOP-r-antagonist in cocaine-dependent persons in comparison with normal volunteers. In a stress-minimized inpatient setting, we determined the neuroendocrine and neurobehavioral effects of repeated administration of an active dose of Opra Kappa (10 mg p.o. daily, four consecutive days in comparison with an initial baseline day). Healthy volunteers (n=40), persons diagnosed with cocaine dependence in early abstinence (<2 months, EACD) (n=23), and drug-free former cocaine-dependent persons (7-month to 25-year abstinence, DFFCD) (n=7) were studied, with measurements including circulating neuroendocrine hormones, affect, and, in cocaine-dependent persons, cocaine craving. Modest adverse events related to Opra Kappa included pruritus, observed in a subset of individuals. No significant change was observed in serum prolactin levels following Opra Kappa administration, but modest increases in circulating adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol were observed. No significant changes were noted in measures of depression or cocaine craving in this stress-minimized setting. Overall, these studies demonstrate that effects of 10 mg Opra Kappa are largely consistent with those predicted for a selective KOP-r antagonist. This medication regimen was tolerable, and is therefore feasible for further studies in cocaine-dependent persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Reed
- Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA,Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, Rockefeller University, Box 171, New York, NY 10065, USA, Tel: 212 327 8247, Fax: 212 327 8574, E-mail:
| | - Eduardo R Butelman
- Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca S Fry
- Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rachel Kimani
- Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mary Jeanne Kreek
- Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
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46
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Zhou Y, Crowley R, Prisinzano T, Kreek MJ. Effects of mesyl salvinorin B alone and in combination with naltrexone on alcohol deprivation effect in male and female mice. Neurosci Lett 2018; 673:19-23. [PMID: 29496608 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol relapse plays a major role in alcohol dependence and is an important focus for the treatment of alcoholism. The alcohol deprivation effect (ADE) is a widely used paradigm in rodents to model the relapse episodes that occur in human alcoholics. Mesyl Salvinorin B (MSB) is a potent and selective kappa opioid receptor (KOP-r) full agonist, with fewer side effects (e.g., sedation or anhedonia) than classic KOP-r full agonists and a longer duration of action in mice than the structurally similar salvinorin A. We have recently found that MSB prevents cocaine seeking in a rat self-administration model and reduces excessive alcohol drinking in a mouse escalation model via a KOP-r-mediated mechanism. Here, we further investigated whether MSB alone (0.3-3 mg/kg) or in combination with naltrexone (mu-opioid receptor antagonist at 1 mg/kg) altered alcohol "relapse" drinking using a mouse ADE paradigm. Both male and female mice, exposed to 3-week intermittent access alcohol drinking in a two-bottle choice paradigm with 24-h access every other day, developed excessive alcohol intake and then displayed pronounced ADE after 1-week abstinence. Acute administration of MSB prevented the ADE at 3 mg/kg in both male and female mice. Upon investigation of potential synergistic effects between naltrexone and MSB, we found that acute administration of a combination of MSB (0.3 mg/kg) and naltrexone (1 mg/kg) reduced the ADE at doses lower than those individual effective doses, with no sex difference. Our study suggests that the KOP-r full agonist MSB both alone and in combination with naltrexone shows potential in alcohol "relapse" treatment models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, NY, USA.
| | - Rachel Crowley
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas School of Pharmacy, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Thomas Prisinzano
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas School of Pharmacy, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Mary Jeanne Kreek
- Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, NY, USA
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47
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Bazov I, Sarkisyan D, Kononenko O, Watanabe H, Yakovleva T, Hansson AC, Sommer WH, Spanagel R, Bakalkin G. Dynorphin and κ-Opioid Receptor Dysregulation in the Dopaminergic Reward System of Human Alcoholics. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:7049-7061. [PMID: 29383684 PMCID: PMC6061161 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0844-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Molecular changes induced by excessive alcohol consumption may underlie formation of dysphoric state during acute and protracted alcohol withdrawal which leads to craving and relapse. A main molecular addiction hypothesis is that the upregulation of the dynorphin (DYN)/κ-opioid receptor (KOR) system in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of alcohol-dependent individuals causes the imbalance in activity of D1- and D2 dopamine receptor (DR) expressing neural circuits that results in dysphoria. We here analyzed post-mortem NAc samples of human alcoholics to assess changes in prodynorphin (PDYN) and KOR (OPRK1) gene expression and co-expression (transcriptionally coordinated) patterns. To address alterations in D1- and D2-receptor circuits, we studied the regulatory interactions between these pathways and the DYN/KOR system. No significant differences in PDYN and OPRK1 gene expression levels between alcoholics and controls were evident. However, PDYN and OPRK1 showed transcriptionally coordinated pattern that was significantly different between alcoholics and controls. A downregulation of DRD1 but not DRD2 expression was seen in alcoholics. Expression of DRD1 and DRD2 strongly correlated with that of PDYN and OPRK1 suggesting high levels of transcriptional coordination between these gene clusters. The differences in expression and co-expression patterns were not due to the decline in neuronal proportion in alcoholic brain and thereby represent transcriptional phenomena. Dysregulation of DYN/KOR system and dopamine signaling through both alterations in co-expression patterns of opioid genes and decreased DRD1 gene expression may contribute to imbalance in the activity of D1- and D2-containing pathways which may lead to the negative affective state in human alcoholics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Bazov
- Division of Biological Research on Drug Dependence, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Box 591, BMC Husargatan 3, SE-75124, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Daniil Sarkisyan
- Division of Biological Research on Drug Dependence, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Box 591, BMC Husargatan 3, SE-75124, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Olga Kononenko
- Division of Biological Research on Drug Dependence, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Box 591, BMC Husargatan 3, SE-75124, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hiroyuki Watanabe
- Division of Biological Research on Drug Dependence, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Box 591, BMC Husargatan 3, SE-75124, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tatiana Yakovleva
- Division of Biological Research on Drug Dependence, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Box 591, BMC Husargatan 3, SE-75124, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anita C Hansson
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Wolfgang H Sommer
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rainer Spanagel
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Georgy Bakalkin
- Division of Biological Research on Drug Dependence, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Box 591, BMC Husargatan 3, SE-75124, Uppsala, Sweden
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48
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McHugh KL, Kelly JP. Modulation of the central opioid system as an antidepressant target in rodent models. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2018; 239:49-87. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Melchior JR, Jones SR. Chronic ethanol exposure increases inhibition of optically targeted phasic dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens core and medial shell ex vivo. Mol Cell Neurosci 2017; 85:93-104. [PMID: 28942046 PMCID: PMC5698100 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine signaling encodes reward learning and motivated behavior through modulation of synaptic signaling in the nucleus accumbens, and aberrations in these processes are thought to underlie obsessive behaviors associated with alcohol abuse. The nucleus accumbens is divided into core and shell sub-regions with overlapping but also divergent contributions to behavior. Here we optogenetically targeted dopamine projections to the accumbens allowing us to isolate stimulation of dopamine terminals ex vivo. We applied 5 pulse (phasic) light stimulations to probe intrinsic differences in dopamine release parameters across regions. Also, we exposed animals to 4weeks of chronic intermittent ethanol vapor and measured phasic release. We found that initial release probability, uptake rate and autoreceptor inhibition were greater in the accumbens core compared to the shell, yet the shell showed greater phasic release ratios. Following chronic ethanol, uptake rates were increased in the core but not the shell, suggesting region-specific neuronal adaptations. Conversely, kappa opioid receptor function was upregulated in both regions to a similar extent, suggesting a local mechanism of kappa opioid receptor regulation that is generalized across the nucleus accumbens. These data suggest that dopamine axons in the nucleus accumbens core and shell display differences in intrinsic release parameters, and that ethanol-induced adaptations to dopamine neuron terminal fields may not be homogeneous. Also, chronic ethanol exposure induces an upregulation in kappa opioid receptor function, providing a mechanism for potential over-inhibition of accumbens dopamine signaling which may negatively impact downstream synaptic function and ultimately bias choice towards previously reinforced alcohol use behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Melchior
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States
| | - Sara R Jones
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States.
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50
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Heath E, Chieng B, Christie MJ, Balleine BW. Substance P and dopamine interact to modulate the distribution of delta‐opioid receptors on cholinergic interneurons in the striatum. Eur J Neurosci 2017; 47:1159-1173. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Heath
- Brain & Mind Centre University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Billy Chieng
- Decision Neuroscience Lab School of Psychology University of New South Wales Kensington NSW 2052 Australia
| | | | - Bernard W. Balleine
- Brain & Mind Centre University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
- Decision Neuroscience Lab School of Psychology University of New South Wales Kensington NSW 2052 Australia
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