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Hazell AS. Stem Cell Therapy and Thiamine Deficiency-Induced Brain Damage. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:1450-1467. [PMID: 38720090 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-024-04137-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) is a major central nervous system disorder resulting from thiamine deficiency (TD) in which a number of brain regions can develop serious damage including the thalamus and inferior colliculus. Despite decades of research into the pathophysiology of TD and potential therapeutic interventions, little progress has been made regarding effective treatment following the development of brain lesions and its associated cognitive issues. Recent developments in our understanding of stem cells suggest they are capable of repairing damage and improving function in different maladys. This article puts forward the case for the potential use of stem cell treatment as a therapeutic strategy in WE by first examining the effects of TD on brain functional integrity and its consequences. The second half of the paper will address the future benefits of treating TD with these cells by focusing on their nature and their potential to effectively treat neurodegenerative diseases that share some overlapping pathophysiological features with TD. At the same time, some of the obstacles these cells will have to overcome in order to become a viable therapeutic strategy for treating this potentially life-threatening illness in humans will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan S Hazell
- Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, 2335 Bennett Avenue, Montreal, QC, H1V 2T6, Canada.
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2
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Wei JD, Xu X. Oxidative stress in Wernicke's encephalopathy. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1150878. [PMID: 37261263 PMCID: PMC10229051 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1150878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) is a severe life-threatening disease that occurs due to vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency (TD). It is characterized by acute mental disorder, ataxia, and ophthalmoplegia. TD occurs because of the following reasons: insufficient intake, increased demand, and long-term drinking due to corresponding organ damage or failure. Recent studies showed that oxidative stress (OS) can damage organs and cause TD in the brain, which further leads to neurodegenerative diseases, such as WE. In this review, we discuss the effects of TD caused by OS on multiple organ systems, including the liver, intestines, and brain in WE. We believe that strengthening the human antioxidant system and reducing TD can effectively treat WE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Dong Wei
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Medical College, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Xueming Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Taizhou Second People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
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Gkini V, Namba T. Glutaminolysis and the Control of Neural Progenitors in Neocortical Development and Evolution. Neuroscientist 2023; 29:177-189. [PMID: 35057642 PMCID: PMC10018057 DOI: 10.1177/10738584211069060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Multiple types of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) contribute to the development of the neocortex, a brain region responsible for our higher cognitive abilities. Proliferative capacity of NPCs varies among NPC types, developmental stages, and species. The higher proliferative capacity of NPCs in the developing human neocortex is thought to be a major contributing factor why humans have the most expanded neocortex within primates. Recent studies have shed light on the importance of cell metabolism in the neocortical NPC proliferative capacity. Specifically, glutaminolysis, a metabolic pathway that converts glutamine to glutamate and then to α-ketoglutarate, has been shown to play a critical role in human NPCs, both in apical and basal progenitors. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge of NPC metabolism, focusing especially on glutaminolysis, and discuss the role of NPC metabolism in neocortical development, evolution, and neurodevelopmental disorders, providing a broader perspective on a newly emerging research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Gkini
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE—Helsinki
Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Takashi Namba
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE—Helsinki
Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Takashi Namba, Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE
— Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, PO 63,
Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
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4
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Ma Y, Elmhadi M, Wang C, Li Z, Zhang H, He B, Zhao X, Zhang Z, Wang H. Thiamine Supplementation Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Triggered Adaptive Inflammatory Response and Modulates Energy State via Suppression of NFκB/p38 MAPK/AMPK Signaling in Rumen Epithelial Cells of Goats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11102048. [PMID: 36290775 PMCID: PMC9598694 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11102048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that exogenous thiamine (THI) supplementation can alleviate inflammation and promote rumen epithelial development in goats and cows. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of THI supplementation on LPS-induced inflammation and energy metabolic dysregulation in RECs of goats. Cells were stimulated with either 5 μg/mL THI for 18 h (THI group) or with 5 μg/mL LPS for 6 h (LPS group). The CON group was stimulated with DMEM/F-12 medium without THI for 18 h. The LPTH group was pretreated with THI for 18 h, followed by LPS stimulation for 6 h. THI supplementation decreased the ROS content (p < 0.05), as well as the ratios of phosphorylated (p)-p65 to p65 (p < 0.05) and p-AMPKα to AMPKα (p < 0.05). Interestingly, when the p38 gene was overexpressed in the LPTH group, the ratio of p-p65 to p65 and p-AMPKα to AMPKα proteins significantly increased, and ATP content decreased (p < 0.05). Our results suggest that THI possesses anti-inflammatory and metabolic-modulatory effects in RECs. The mechanism is largely related to the suppression of the NF-κB/p38 MAPK/AMPK signaling pathway. Additionally, we also revealed that THI supplementation can inhibit LPS-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis to protect mitochondrial function in RECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ma
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, M Block, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Mawda Elmhadi
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, M Block, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Zelin Li
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Shepparton, VIC 3647, Australia
| | - Hao Zhang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Banglin He
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiujuan Zhao
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhenbin Zhang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Hongrong Wang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-514-87979196
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Zhang W, Li J, Duan Y, Li Y, Sun Y, Sun H, Yu X, Gao X, Zhang C, Zhang H, Shi Y, He X. Metabolic Regulation: A Potential Strategy for Rescuing Stem Cell Senescence. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:1728-1742. [PMID: 35258787 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10348-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell senescence and exhaustion are closely related to organ failure and individual aging, which not only induces age-related diseases, but also hinders stem cell applications in regenerative medicine. Thus, it's imminent to find effective ways to delay and retrieve stem cell senescence. Metabolic abnormalities are one of the main characteristics of age-associated declines in stem cell function. Understanding the underlying mechanisms may reveal potential strategies for ameliorating age-associated phenotypes and treating age-related diseases. This review focuses on recent advances in the association between metabolism including glucose, lipid, glutamine and NAD+ metabolism and stem cell senescence, as well as the other properties like proliferation and differentiation. Layers of studies are summarized to demonstrate how metabolism varies in senescent stem cells and how metabolic reprogramming regulates stem cell senescence. Additionally, we mentioned some recent progress in therapeutic strategies to rejuvenate dysfunctional aged stem cells. Finally, a brief conclusion about the prospect of metabolic regulation as a potential strategy for rescuing stem cell senescence is displayed. Stem cell senescence is induced by the metabolic reprogramming. The metabolic alterations of glucose, lipid, glutamine and NAD+ can conversely facilitate or inhibit stem cell senescence. Glycolysis, OXPHOS and PPP are all attenuated. But gluconeogenesis alterations still remain unclear. In lipid metabolisms, both FAO and DNL are suppressed. As for the glutamine metabolism, stem cells' dependence on glutamine is enhanced. Last, NAD+ metabolism undergoes a down-regulated synthesis and up-regulated consumption. All these alterations can be potential targets for reversing stem cell senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jiayu Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yuchi Duan
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yanlin Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yanan Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Hui Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xingyu Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Chang Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Haiying Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yingai Shi
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xu He
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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Ma Y, Wang C, Elmhadi M, Zhang H, Han Y, Shen B, He BL, Liu XY, Wang HR. Thiamine ameliorates metabolic disorders induced by a long-term high-concentrate diet and promotes rumen epithelial development in goats. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:11522-11536. [PMID: 34304871 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Data indicate that dietary thiamine supplementation can partly alleviate rumen epithelium inflammation and barrier function in goats fed a high-concentrate diet. The current work aimed to explore whether thiamine promotes rumen epithelium development by regulating carbohydrate metabolism during a long period of feeding high levels of concentrate. For the experiment, 24 female Boer goats (35.62 ± 2.4 kg of body weight) in parity 1 or 2 were allocated to 3 groups (8 goats per replicate) receiving a low-concentrate diet (concentrate:forage 30:70), a high-concentrate diet (HC; concentrate:forage 70:30), or a high-concentrate diet (concentrate:forage 70:30) supplemented with 200 mg of thiamine/kg of dry matter intake (HCT; concentrate:forage 70:30). On the last day of 12 wk, rumen fluid and blood samples were collected to measure ruminal parameters, endotoxin lipopolysaccharide, and blood inflammatory cytokines. Goats were slaughtered to collect ruminal tissue to determine differential metabolites, enzyme activities, and gene expression. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the HCT group had significantly increased concentrations of d-glucose 6-phosphate, d-fructose 6-phosphate, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, thiamine pyrophosphate, oxaloacetate, acetyl-CoA, succinyl-CoA, sedoheptulose 7-phosphate, ribose 5-phosphate, and NADPH compared with the HC group. The pyruvate dehydrogenase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, and transketolase enzyme activities in the rumen epithelium of the HCT group were higher than those in the HC group. The plasma total antioxidant capacity values for the HCT group were greater than those for the HC group. The rumen epithelium ATP content in the HCT group was higher than that in the HC group. Compared with the HCT group, the HC group had a lower mRNA abundance of CCND1, CCNA2, CDK2, CDK4, CDK6, BCL2, PI3K, and AKT1. Taken together, the results suggest that dietary thiamine supplementation could ameliorate disorders in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the pentose phosphate pathway induced by a long-term high-concentrate diet and could promote rumen epithelial growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ma
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
| | - C Wang
- Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - M Elmhadi
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
| | - H Zhang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
| | - Y Han
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
| | - B Shen
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
| | - B L He
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
| | - X Y Liu
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
| | - H R Wang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China.
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7
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Wang LL, Chen AP, Li JY, Sun Z, Yan SL, Xu KY. Mechanism of the Effect of High-Intensity Training on Urinary Metabolism in Female Water Polo Players Based on UHPLC-MS Non-Targeted Metabolomics Technique. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:381. [PMID: 33915709 PMCID: PMC8067095 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9040381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the changes in urine metabolism in female water polo players before and after high-intensity training by using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and to explore the biometabolic characteristics of urine after training and competition. METHODS Twelve young female water polo players (except goalkeepers) from Shanxi Province were selected. A 4-week formal training was started after 1 week of acclimatization according to experimental requirements. Urine samples (5 mL) were collected before formal training, early morning after 4 weeks of training, and immediately after 4 weeks of training matches, and labeled as T1, T2, and T3, respectively. The samples were tested by LC-MS after pre-treatment. XCMS, SIMCA-P 14.1, and SPSS16.0 were used to process the data and identify differential metabolites. RESULTS On comparing the immediate post-competition period with the pre-training period (T3 vs. T1), 24 differential metabolites involved in 16 metabolic pathways were identified, among which niacin and niacinamide metabolism and purine metabolism were potential post-competition urinary metabolic pathways in the untrained state of the athletes. On comparing the immediate post-competition period with the post-training period (T3 vs. T2), 10 metabolites involved in three metabolic pathways were identified, among which niacin and niacinamide metabolism was a potential target urinary metabolic pathway for the athletes after training. Niacinamide, 1-methylnicotinamide, 2-pyridone, L-Gln, AMP, and Hx were involved in two metabolic pathways before and after the training. CONCLUSION Differential changes in urine after water polo games are due to changes in the metabolic pathways of niacin and niacinamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei-lei Wang
- College of Physicial Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; (L.-l.W.); (S.-l.Y.); (K.-y.X.)
| | - An-ping Chen
- College of Physicial Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; (L.-l.W.); (S.-l.Y.); (K.-y.X.)
| | - Jian-ying Li
- College of Physicial Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; (L.-l.W.); (S.-l.Y.); (K.-y.X.)
| | - Zhuo Sun
- Department of health and Natural Sciences, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Shi-liang Yan
- College of Physicial Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; (L.-l.W.); (S.-l.Y.); (K.-y.X.)
| | - Kai-yuan Xu
- College of Physicial Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; (L.-l.W.); (S.-l.Y.); (K.-y.X.)
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8
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Zuroff LR, Torbati T, Hart NJ, Fuchs DT, Sheyn J, Rentsendorj A, Koronyo Y, Hayden EY, Teplow DB, Black KL, Koronyo-Hamaoui M. Effects of IL-34 on Macrophage Immunological Profile in Response to Alzheimer's-Related Aβ 42 Assemblies. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1449. [PMID: 32765504 PMCID: PMC7378440 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-34 (IL-34) is a recently discovered cytokine that acts as a second ligand of the colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) in addition to macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). Similar to M-CSF, IL-34 also stimulates bone marrow (BM)-derived monocyte survival and differentiation into macrophages. Growing evidence suggests that peripheral BM-derived monocyte/macrophages (BMMO) play a key role in the physiological clearance of cerebral amyloid β-protein (Aβ). Aβ42 forms are especially neurotoxic and highly associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). As a ligand of CSF1R, IL-34 may be relevant to innate immune responses in AD. To investigate how IL-34 affects macrophage phenotype in response to structurally defined and stabilized Aβ42 oligomers and preformed fibrils, we characterized murine BMMO cultured in media containing M-CSF, IL-34, or regimens involving both cytokines. We found that the immunological profile and activation phenotype of IL-34-stimulated BMMO differed significantly from those cultured with M-CSF alone. Specifically, macrophage uptake of fibrillar or oligomeric Aβ42 was markedly reduced following exposure to IL-34 compared to M-CSF. Surface expression of type B scavenger receptor CD36, known to facilitate Aβ recognition and uptake, was modified following treatment with IL-34. Similarly, IL-34 macrophages expressed lower levels of proteins involved in both Aβ uptake (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2, TREM2) as well as Aβ-degradation (matrix metallopeptidase 9, MMP-9). Interestingly, intracellular compartmentalization of Aβ visualized by staining of early endosome antigen 1 (EEA1) was not affected by IL-34. Macrophage characteristics associated with an anti-inflammatory and pro-wound healing phenotype, including processes length and morphology, were also quantified, and macrophages stimulated with IL-34 alone displayed less process elongation in response to Aβ42 compared to those cultured with M-CSF. Further, monocytes treated with IL-34 alone yielded fewer mature macrophages than those treated with M-CSF alone or in combination with IL-34. Our data indicate that IL-34 impairs monocyte differentiation into macrophages and reduces their ability to uptake pathological forms of Aβ. Given the critical role of macrophage-mediated Aβ clearance in both murine models and patients with AD, future work should investigate the therapeutic potential of modulating IL-34 in vivo to increase macrophage-mediated Aβ clearance and prevent disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah R Zuroff
- Neurosurgery Department, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Tania Torbati
- Neurosurgery Department, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Western University of Health Sciences College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Nadav J Hart
- Neurosurgery Department, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Dieu-Trang Fuchs
- Neurosurgery Department, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Julia Sheyn
- Neurosurgery Department, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Altan Rentsendorj
- Neurosurgery Department, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yosef Koronyo
- Neurosurgery Department, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Eric Y Hayden
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - David B Teplow
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Keith L Black
- Neurosurgery Department, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Maya Koronyo-Hamaoui
- Neurosurgery Department, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Applied Cellular Biology and Physiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Fang Q, Zhang Y, Chen X, Li H, Cheng L, Zhu W, Zhang Z, Tang M, Liu W, Wang H, Wang T, Shen T, Chai R. Three-Dimensional Graphene Enhances Neural Stem Cell Proliferation Through Metabolic Regulation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 7:436. [PMID: 31998703 PMCID: PMC6961593 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene consists of two-dimensional sp2-bonded carbon sheets, a single or a few layers thick, which has attracted considerable interest in recent years due to its good conductivity and biocompatibility. Three-dimensional graphene foam (3DG) has been demonstrated to be a robust scaffold for culturing neural stem cells (NSCs) in vitro that not only supports NSCs growth, but also maintains cells in a more active proliferative state than 2D graphene films and ordinary glass. In addition, 3DG can enhance NSCs differentiation into astrocytes and especially neurons. However, the underlying mechanisms behind 3DG's effects are still poorly understood. Metabolism is the fundamental characteristic of life and provides substances for building and powering the cell. Metabolic activity is tightly tied with the proliferation, differentiation, and self-renewal of stem cells. This study focused on the metabolic reconfiguration of stem cells induced by culturing on 3DG. This study established the correlation between metabolic reconfiguration metabolomics with NSCs cell proliferation rate on different scaffold. Several metabolic processes have been uncovered in association with the proliferation change of NSCs. Especially, culturing on 3DG triggered pathways that increased amino acid incorporation and enhanced glucose metabolism. These data suggested a potential association between graphene and pathways involved in Parkinson's disease. Our work provides a very useful starting point for further studies of NSC fate determination on 3DG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaojun Fang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuhua Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangbo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.,Hangzhou Rongze Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Hangzhou, China
| | - He Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Liya Cheng
- Institute of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhu
- Zhangjiagang City First People's Hospital, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Suzhou University, Zhangjiagang, China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingliang Tang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tie Shen
- Key Laboratory of Information and Computing Science Guizhou Province, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Renjie Chai
- MOE Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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10
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Ronowska A, Gul-Hinc S, Michno A, Bizon-Zygmańska D, Zyśk M, Bielarczyk H, Szutowicz A, Gapys B, Jankowska-Kulawy A. Aggravated effects of coexisting marginal thiamine deficits and zinc excess on SN56 neuronal cells. Nutr Neurosci 2019; 24:432-442. [PMID: 31331253 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2019.1641296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Zinc excitotoxicity and thiamine pyrophosphate deficiency (TD) are known pathogenic signals contributing to mechanism of different encephalopathies through inhibition of enzymes responsible for energy metabolism such as pyruvate dehydrogenase, aconitase or ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. The aim of this work was to investigate whether subclinical Zn excess and TD, frequent in aging brain, may combine yielding overt neuronal impairment.Results: Clonal SN56 cholinergic neuronal cells of septal origin were used as the model of brain cholinergic neurons, which are particularly susceptible to neurodegeneration in the course of Alzheimer's disease, hypoxia and other dementia-linked brain pathologies. Neither subtoxic concentration of Zn (0.10 mM) nor mild 20-25% TD deficits alone caused significant negative changes in cultured cholinergic neurons viability and their acetyl-CoA/acetylcholine metabolism. However, cells with mild TD accumulated Zn in excess, which impaired their energy metabolism causing a loss of neurons viability and their function as neurotransmitters. These negative effects of Zn were aggravated by amprolium which is an inhibitor of thiamine intracellular transport.Conclusion: Our data indicate that TD may amplify otherwise non-harmful border-line Zn excitotoxic signals yielding progress of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ronowska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Sylwia Gul-Hinc
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Michno
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Marlena Zyśk
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Hanna Bielarczyk
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Andrzej Szutowicz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Beata Gapys
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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11
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Dhir S, Tarasenko M, Napoli E, Giulivi C. Neurological, Psychiatric, and Biochemical Aspects of Thiamine Deficiency in Children and Adults. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:207. [PMID: 31019473 PMCID: PMC6459027 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiamine (vitamin B1) is an essential nutrient that serves as a cofactor for a number of enzymes, mostly with mitochondrial localization. Some thiamine-dependent enzymes are involved in energy metabolism and biosynthesis of nucleic acids whereas others are part of the antioxidant machinery. The brain is highly vulnerable to thiamine deficiency due to its heavy reliance on mitochondrial ATP production. This is more evident during rapid growth (i.e., perinatal periods and children) in which thiamine deficiency is commonly associated with either malnutrition or genetic defects. Thiamine deficiency contributes to a number of conditions spanning from mild neurological and psychiatric symptoms (confusion, reduced memory, and sleep disturbances) to severe encephalopathy, ataxia, congestive heart failure, muscle atrophy, and even death. This review discusses the current knowledge on thiamine deficiency and associated morbidity of neurological and psychiatric disorders, with special emphasis on the pediatric population, as well as the putative beneficial effect of thiamine supplementation in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibani Dhir
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Maya Tarasenko
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Eleonora Napoli
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Cecilia Giulivi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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12
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Fawal MA, Davy A. Impact of Metabolic Pathways and Epigenetics on Neural Stem Cells. Epigenet Insights 2018; 11:2516865718820946. [PMID: 30627699 PMCID: PMC6311566 DOI: 10.1177/2516865718820946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Balancing self-renewal with differentiation is crucial for neural stem cells (NSC) functions to ensure tissue development and homeostasis. Over the last years, multiple studies have highlighted the coupling of either metabolic or epigenetic reprogramming to NSC fate decisions. Metabolites are essential as they provide the energy and building blocks for proper cell function. Moreover, metabolites can also function as substrates and/or cofactors for epigenetic modifiers. It is becoming more evident that metabolic alterations and epigenetics rewiring are highly intertwined; however, their relation regarding determining NSC fate is not well understood. In this review, we summarize the major metabolic pathways and epigenetic modifications that play a role in NSC. We then focus on the notion that nutrients availability can function as a switch to modify the epigenetic machinery and drive NSC sequential differentiation during embryonic neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad-Ali Fawal
- Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI) and Centre de Biologie du Développement (CBD), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Alice Davy
- Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI) and Centre de Biologie du Développement (CBD), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
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13
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Gorji N, Moeini R, Memariani Z. Almond, hazelnut and walnut, three nuts for neuroprotection in Alzheimer's disease: A neuropharmacological review of their bioactive constituents. Pharmacol Res 2017; 129:115-127. [PMID: 29208493 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
An increase in the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) as a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder is an almost obvious issue in the world. Researches on natural products for finding effective drugs to prevent the disease are in progress. There is special attention to the three types of nuts including almond, hazelnut and walnut in manuscripts of traditional Persian medicine (PM) as the preventive agents against brainatrophy and memory loss. The purpose of this study is a pharmacological review of their bioactive constituents and introducing the value of these nuts as the effective supplements and natural medicinal foods in AD patients. Databases including PubMed and ScienceDirect were searched in title, abstract and keywords from year 2000 to present for AD-related researches on these tree nuts, their major phytochemicals and their mechanisms of action. As result, almond, hazelnut and walnut provide macronutrients, micronutrients, and phytochemicals which affect several pathways in AD pathogenesis such as amyloidogenesis, tau phosphorylation, oxidative stress, cholinergic pathways, and some non-target mechanisms including cholesterol lowering and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as effect on neurogenesis. These nuts are recommended in PM for their brain-protective activity and particularly reversing brain atrophy in case of hazelnut. The therapeutical statements of PM scholars mentioned in their books are based on their clinical observations with support of a long history of experiences. Beyond the molecular activities attributed to the phytochemicals, the use of these tree nuts could be more considered in scientific researches as the effective nutrients for prevention or even management of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narjes Gorji
- Traditional Medicine & Medical History Research Center, Health Research Center, Department of Persian Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Reihaneh Moeini
- Traditional Medicine & Medical History Research Center, Health Research Center, Department of Persian Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Zahra Memariani
- Traditional Medicine & Medical History Research Center, Health Research Center, Department of Persian Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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14
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Diagnostic value of blood thiamine metabolites in Alzheimer's disease examined by 11C-PiB PET scanning. Future Sci OA 2017; 3:FSO172. [PMID: 28670464 PMCID: PMC5481811 DOI: 10.4155/fsoa-2016-0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM We evaluated the diagnostic value of blood thiamine metabolites for Alzheimer's disease (AD) by using positron emission tomography with 11C-Pittsburgh compound B (11C-PiB PET) scanning. METHODS Thirty-eight clinically diagnosed AD patients were voluntarily recruited. Blood thiamine metabolites were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. All the patients received 11C-PiB PET scanning for the measurement of cerebral amyloid deposition. RESULTS Thiamine diphosphate (TDP) had 66.7% sensitivity and 80.0% specificity for AD diagnosis, while the γ-value representing the best combination of thiamine metabolites and age had 24.2% sensitivity and 100.0% specificity according to the cut-off value of our previous study. CONCLUSION Blood TDP but not γ-value exhibited results significant for AD diagnosis.
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15
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Almeida AS, Vieira HLA. Role of Cell Metabolism and Mitochondrial Function During Adult Neurogenesis. Neurochem Res 2016; 42:1787-1794. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2150-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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16
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Pan X, Fei G, Lu J, Jin L, Pan S, Chen Z, Wang C, Sang S, Liu H, Hu W, Zhang H, Wang H, Wang Z, Tan Q, Qin Y, Zhang Q, Xie X, Ji Y, Cui D, Gu X, Xu J, Yu Y, Zhong C. Measurement of Blood Thiamine Metabolites for Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis. EBioMedicine 2015; 3:155-162. [PMID: 26870826 PMCID: PMC4739421 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Brain glucose hypometabolism is an invariant feature and has significant diagnostic value for Alzheimer's disease. Thiamine diphosphate (TDP) is a critical coenzyme for glucose metabolism and significantly reduced in brain and blood samples of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aims To explore the diagnostic value of the measurement of blood thiamine metabolites for AD. Methods Blood TDP, thiamine monophosphate, and thiamine levels were detected using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The study included the exploration and validation phases. In the exploration phase, the samples of 338 control subjects and 43 AD patients were utilized to establish the models for AD diagnosis assayed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, including the variable γ that represents the best combination of thiamine metabolites and age to predict the possibility of AD. In the validation phase, the values of models were further tested for AD diagnosis using samples of 861 control subjects, 81 AD patients, 70 vascular dementia patients, and 13 frontotemporal dementia patients. Results TDP and the γ exhibited significant and consistent values for AD diagnosis in both exploration and validation phases. TDP had 0.843 and 0.837 of the areas under ROC curve (AUCs), 77.4% and 81.5% of sensitivities, and 78.1% and 77.2% of specificities respectively in the exploration and validation phases. The γ had 0.938 and 0.910 of AUCs, 81.4% and 80.2% of sensitivities, and 90.5% and 87.2% of specificities respectively in the exploration and validation phases. TDP and the γ can effectively distinguish AD from vascular dementia (64.3% for TDP, 67.1% for γ) and frontotemporal dementia (84.6% for TDP, 100.0% for γ). Interpretation. The measurement of blood thiamine metabolites by HPLC is an ideal diagnostic test for AD with inexpensive, easy to perform, noninvasive merits. The measurement of blood thiamine metabolites by HPLC as a promising biomarker test for Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis. This test is inexpensive, easy to perform and noninvasive which meets the criteria of ideal biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease.
The disturbance of brain glucose metabolism is an invariant feature and has significant diagnostic value for Alzheimer's disease. Thiamine diphosphate, one of thiamine metabolites, is a critical coenzyme for three key enzymes of glucose metabolism and significantly reduced in brain and blood samples of a small number of Alzheimer's disease patients. Our study demonstrates that the measurement of blood thiamine metabolites, manifested as thiamine diphosphate level and the variable γ representing the best combination of thiamine metabolites and age, exhibits excellent value for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis with inexpensive, easy to perform, noninvasive merits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Pan
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science & Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guoqiang Fei
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science & Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jingwen Lu
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science & Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lirong Jin
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science & Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shumei Pan
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science & Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhichun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science & Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Changpeng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science & Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shaoming Sang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science & Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Huimin Liu
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science & Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Weihong Hu
- The Key laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- The Key laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Regional Health Service Center of Xujiahui, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Zhiliang Wang
- Regional Health Service Center of Xujiahui, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Qiong Tan
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Yan Qin
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 200437, China
| | | | - Xueping Xie
- Department of Geriatrics, Fengcheng Branch, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201411, China
| | - Yong Ji
- Department of Neurology, Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300074, China
| | - Donghong Cui
- The Key laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xiaohua Gu
- Department of Neurology, Brain Hospital affiliated to Nanjing medical university, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Brain Hospital affiliated to Nanjing medical university, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuguo Yu
- Center for Computational Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Chunjiu Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science & Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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17
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Li Y, Wang S, Ran K, Hu Z, Liu Z, Duan K. Differential hippocampal protein expression between normal aged rats and aged rats with postoperative cognitive dysfunction: A proteomic analysis. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:2953-60. [PMID: 25936412 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the differences in the expression of hippocampal proteins between normal control aged rats and aged rats with postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). A total of 24 aged rats were randomly divided into a surgery group (n=12) and a control group (n=12). The rats in the surgery group were treated with 2 h isoflurane anesthesia and splenectomy, while the rats in the control group received 40% oxygen for 2 h without surgery. The cognitive functions of the two groups were examined using a Y-maze test. The protein expression profiles of the hippocampus of six aged rats (three rats with POCD and three from the normal control group) were assessed using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry. A total of three differential proteins were further confirmed between the POCD rats and normal rats using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The expression levels of 21 proteins in the rats with POCD were significantly different compared with the normal control rats. These proteins were functionally clustered to synaptic plasticity (three proteins), oxidative stress (four proteins), energy production (six proteins), neuroinflammation (three proteins) and glutamate metabolism (two proteins). In addition, three proteins (fatty acid binding protein 7, brain, glutamate dehydrogenase 1 and glutamine synthetase), associated with astrocytic function, were significantly different in the rats with POCD compared with those in the normal control (P<0.05). Similar changes in the mRNA expression levels of the three proteins in the hippocampi of POCD rats were also detected using RT-qPCR. Neuroinflammation, glutamate toxicity and oxidative stress were possibly involved in the pathological mechanism underlying POCD in aged rats. In addition, astrocytes may also be important in POCD in aged rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Saiying Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Ke Ran
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Zhonghua Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoqian Liu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Kaiming Duan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
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18
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Kim DY, Rhee I, Paik J. Metabolic circuits in neural stem cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:4221-41. [PMID: 25037158 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1686-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic activity indicative of cellular demand is emerging as a key player in cell fate decision. Numerous studies have demonstrated that diverse metabolic pathways have a critical role in the control of the proliferation, differentiation and quiescence of stem cells. The identification of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) and the characterization of their development and fate decision process have provided insight into the regenerative potential of the adult brain. As a result, the potential of NSPCs in cell replacement therapies for neurological diseases is rapidly growing. The aim of this review is to discuss the recent findings on the crosstalk among key regulators of NSPC development and the metabolic regulation crucial for the function and cell fate decisions of NSPCs. Fundamental understanding of the metabolic circuits in NSPCs may help to provide novel approaches for reactivating neurogenesis to treat degenerative brain conditions and cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Yeon Kim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, NY, 10065, USA
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Downregulation of transketolase activity is related to inhibition of hippocampal progenitor cell proliferation induced by thiamine deficiency. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:572915. [PMID: 25028661 PMCID: PMC4083768 DOI: 10.1155/2014/572915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In animal experiments, hippocampal neurogenesis and the activity of thiamine-dependent transketolase decrease markedly under conditions of thiamine deficiency. To further investigate the effect of thiamine deficiency on the proliferation of hippocampal progenitor cells (HPCs) and the potential mechanisms involved in this effect, we cultured HPCs in vitro in the absence of thiamine and found that proliferation and transketolase activity were both significantly repressed. Furthermore, specific inhibition of transketolase activity by oxythiamine strongly inhibited HPC proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. However, thiamine deficiency itself inhibited the proliferation to a greater degree than did oxythiamine. Taken together, our results suggest that modulation of transketolase activity might be one of the mechanisms by which thiamine regulates the proliferation of hippocampal progenitor cells.
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Chen Z, Zhong C. Decoding Alzheimer's disease from perturbed cerebral glucose metabolism: implications for diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Prog Neurobiol 2013; 108:21-43. [PMID: 23850509 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 435] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related devastating neurodegenerative disorder, which severely impacts on the global economic development and healthcare system. Though AD has been studied for more than 100 years since 1906, the exact cause(s) and pathogenic mechanism(s) remain to be clarified. Also, the efficient disease-modifying treatment and ideal diagnostic method for AD are unavailable. Perturbed cerebral glucose metabolism, an invariant pathophysiological feature of AD, may be a critical contributor to the pathogenesis of this disease. In this review, we firstly discussed the features of cerebral glucose metabolism in physiological and pathological conditions. Then, we further reviewed the contribution of glucose transportation abnormality and intracellular glucose catabolism dysfunction in AD pathophysiology, and proposed a hypothesis that multiple pathogenic cascades induced by impaired cerebral glucose metabolism could result in neuronal degeneration and consequently cognitive deficits in AD patients. Among these pathogenic processes, altered functional status of thiamine metabolism and brain insulin resistance are highly emphasized and characterized as major pathogenic mechanisms. Finally, considering the fact that AD patients exhibit cerebral glucose hypometabolism possibly due to impairments of insulin signaling and altered thiamine metabolism, we also discuss some potential possibilities to uncover diagnostic biomarkers for AD from abnormal glucose metabolism and to develop drugs targeting at repairing insulin signaling impairment and correcting thiamine metabolism abnormality. We conclude that glucose metabolism abnormality plays a critical role in AD pathophysiological alterations through the induction of multiple pathogenic factors such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and so forth. To clarify the causes, pathogeneses and consequences of cerebral hypometabolism in AD will help break the bottleneck of current AD study in finding ideal diagnostic biomarker and disease-modifying therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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21
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Daulatzai MA. Neurotoxic Saboteurs: Straws that Break the Hippo’s (Hippocampus) Back Drive Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease. Neurotox Res 2013; 24:407-59. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-013-9407-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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22
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Katare R, Oikawa A, Cesselli D, Beltrami AP, Avolio E, Muthukrishnan D, Munasinghe PE, Angelini G, Emanueli C, Madeddu P. Boosting the pentose phosphate pathway restores cardiac progenitor cell availability in diabetes. Cardiovasc Res 2013; 97:55-65. [PMID: 22997160 PMCID: PMC3619276 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvs291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Diabetes impinges upon mechanisms of cardiovascular repair. However, the biochemical adaptation of cardiac stem cells to sustained hyperglycaemia remains largely unknown. Here, we investigate the molecular targets of high glucose-induced damage in cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) from murine and human hearts and attempt safeguarding CPC viability and function through reactivation of the pentose phosphate pathway. METHODS AND RESULTS Type-1 diabetes was induced by streptozotocin. CPC abundance was determined by flow cytometry. Proliferating CPCs were identified in situ by immunostaining for the proliferation marker Ki67. Diabetic hearts showed marked reduction in CPC abundance and proliferation when compared with controls. Moreover, Sca-1(pos) CPCs isolated from hearts of diabetic mice displayed reduced activity of key enzymes of the pentose phosphate pathway, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), and transketolase, increased levels of superoxide and advanced glucose end-products (AGE), and inhibition of the Akt/Pim-1/Bcl-2 signalling pathway. Similarly, culture of murine CPCs or human CD105(pos) progenitor cells in high glucose inhibits the pentose phosphate and pro-survival signalling pathways, leading to the activation of apoptosis. In vivo and in vitro supplementation with benfotiamine reactivates the pentose phosphate pathway and rescues CPC availability and function. This benefit is abrogated by either G6PD silencing by small interfering RNA (siRNA) or Akt inhibition by dominant-negative Akt. CONCLUSION We provide new evidence of the negative impact of diabetes and high glucose on mechanisms controlling CPC redox state and survival. Boosting the pentose phosphate pathway might represent a novel mechanistic target for protection of CPC integrity.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Ly/metabolism
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/pathology
- Endoglin
- Flow Cytometry
- Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/genetics
- Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/metabolism
- Glycation End Products, Advanced/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Ki-67 Antigen/metabolism
- Male
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Pentose Phosphate Pathway/drug effects
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-pim-1/metabolism
- RNA Interference
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Stem Cells/drug effects
- Stem Cells/metabolism
- Stem Cells/pathology
- Superoxides/metabolism
- Thiamine/analogs & derivatives
- Thiamine/pharmacology
- Transfection
- Transketolase/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Katare
- Chair of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol BS28HW, UK
- Department of Physiology, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, PO Box 913, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Atsuhiko Oikawa
- Chair of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol BS28HW, UK
| | - Daniela Cesselli
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Antonio P. Beltrami
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Elisa Avolio
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Deepti Muthukrishnan
- Department of Physiology, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, PO Box 913, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Pujika Emani Munasinghe
- Department of Physiology, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, PO Box 913, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Gianni Angelini
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Costanza Emanueli
- Chair of Vascular Pathology and Regeneration, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Paolo Madeddu
- Chair of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol BS28HW, UK
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23
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over the last 8 years, emerging studies bridging the gap between nutrition and mental health have resolutely established that learning and memory abilities as well as mood can be influenced by diet. However, the mechanisms by which diet modulates mental health are still not well understood. Sources of data In this article, a review of the literature was conducted using PubMed to identify studies that provide functional implications of adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) and its modulation by diet. AREAS OF AGREEMENT One of the brain structures associated with learning and memory as well as mood is the hippocampus. Importantly, the hippocampus is one of the two structures in the adult brain where the formation of newborn neurons, or neurogenesis, persists. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY The exact roles of these newborn neurons in learning, memory formation and mood regulation remain elusive. GROWING POINTS Nevertheless, there has been accumulating evidence linking cognition and mood to neurogenesis occurring in the adult hippocampus. Therefore, modulation of AHN by diet emerges as a possible mechanism by which nutrition impacts on mental health. AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH This area of investigation is new and needs attention because a better understanding of the neurological mechanisms by which nutrition affect mental health may lead to novel dietary approaches for disease prevention, healthier ageing and discovery of new therapeutic targets for mental illnesses.
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Dysautonomia in autism spectrum disorder: case reports of a family with review of the literature. AUTISM RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2011; 2011:129795. [PMID: 22937241 PMCID: PMC3420600 DOI: 10.1155/2011/129795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2010] [Accepted: 04/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Case histories of a mother and her two children are reported. The mother was a recovered alcoholic. She and her two children, both of whom had symptoms that are typical of autistic spectrum disorder, had dysautonomia. All had intermittently abnormal erythrocyte transketolase studies indicating abnormal thiamine pyrophosphate homeostasis. Both children had unusual concentrations of urinary arsenic. All had symptomatic improvement with diet restriction and supplementary vitamin therapy but quickly relapsed after ingestion of sugar, milk, or wheat. The stress of a heavy metal burden, superimposed on existing genetic or epigenetic risk factors, may be important in the etiology of autism spectrum disorder when in combination. Dysautonomia has been associated with several diseases, including autism, without a common etiology. It is hypothesized that oxidative stress results in loss of cellular energy and causes retardation of hard wiring of the brain in infancy, affecting limbic system control of the autonomic nervous system.
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Vetreno RP, Klintsova A, Savage LM. Stage-dependent alterations of progenitor cell proliferation and neurogenesis in an animal model of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Brain Res 2011; 1391:132-46. [PMID: 21440532 PMCID: PMC3087287 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Revised: 02/19/2011] [Accepted: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol-induced Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (WKS) culminates in bilateral diencephalic lesion and severe amnesia. Using the pyrithiamine-induced thiamine deficiency (PTD) animal paradigm of WKS, our laboratory has demonstrated hippocampal dysfunction in the absence of gross anatomical pathology. Extensive literature has revealed reduced hippocampal neurogenesis following a neuropathological insult, which might contribute to hippocampus-based learning and memory impairments. Thus, the current investigation was conducted to determine whether PTD treatment altered hippocampal neurogenesis in a stage-dependent fashion. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to one of 4 stages of thiamine deficiency based on behavioral symptoms: pre-symptomatic stage, ataxic stage, early post-opisthotonus stage, or the late post-opisthotonus stage. The S-phase mitotic marker 5'-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) was administered at the conclusion of each stage following thiamine restoration and subjects were perfused 24 hours or 28 days after BrdU to assess cellular proliferation or neurogenesis and survival, respectively. Dorsal hippocampal sections were immunostained for BrdU (proliferating cell marker), NeuN (neurons), GFAP (astrocytes), Iba-1 (microglia), and O4 (oligodendrocytes). The PTD treatment increased progenitor cell proliferation and survival during the early post-opisthotonus stage. However, levels of neurogenesis were reduced during this stage as well as the late post-opisthotonus stage where there was also an increase in astrocytogenesis. The diminished numbers of newly generated neurons (BrdU/NeuN co-localization) was paralleled by increased BrdU cells that did not co-localize with any of the phenotypic markers during these later stages. These data demonstrate that long-term alterations in neurogenesis and gliogenesis might contribute to the observed hippocampal dysfunction in the PTD model and human WKS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P Vetreno
- Department of Psychology, Behavioral Neuroscience, State University of New York at Binghamton, Vestal, NY 13902, USA.
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Joseph R, Srivastava OP, Pfister RR. Differential epithelial and stromal protein profiles in keratoconus and normal human corneas. Exp Eye Res 2011; 92:282-98. [PMID: 21281627 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2011.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Revised: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to identify epithelial and stromal proteins that exhibit up- or down-regulation in keratoconus (KC) vs. normal human corneas. Because previous proteomic studies utilized whole human corneas or epithelium alone, thereby diluted the specificity of the proteome of each tissue, we selectively analyzed the epithelium and stromal proteins. Individual preparations of epithelial and stromal proteins from KC and age-matched normal corneas were analyzed by two independent methods, i.e., a shotgun proteomic using a Nano-Electrospray Ionization Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry [Nano-ESI-LC-MS (MS)(2)] and two-dimensional-difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) coupled with mass spectrometric methods. The label-free Nano-ESI-LC-MS (MS)(2) method identified 104 epithelial and 44 stromal proteins from both normal and KC corneas, and also quantified relative changes in levels of selected proteins, in both the tissues using spectral counts in a proteomic dataset. Relative to normal corneal epithelial proteins, six KC epithelial proteins (lamin-A/C, keratin type I cytoskeletal 14, tubulin beta chain, heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein, keratin type I cytoskeletal 16 and protein S100-A4) exhibited up-regulation and five proteins (transketolase, pyruvate kinase, 14-3-3 sigma isoform, phosphoglycerate kinase 1, and NADPH dehydrogenase (quinone) 1) showed down-regulation. A similar relative analysis showed that three KC stromal proteins (decorin, vimentin and keratocan) were up-regulated and five stromal proteins (TGF-betaig h3 (Bigh3), serotransferrin, MAM domain-containing protein 2 and isoforms 2C2A of collagen alpha-2[VI] chain) were down-regulated. The 2D-DIGE-mass spectrometry followed by Decyder software analysis showed that relative to normal corneas, the KC corneal epithelium exhibited up-regulation of four proteins (serum albumin, keratin 5, L-lactate dehydrogenase and annexin A8) and down-regulation of four proteins (FTH1 [Ferritin heavy chain protein 1], calpain small subunit 1, heat shock protein beta 1 and annexin A2). A similar relative analysis of stroma by this method also showed up-regulation of aldehyde dehydrogenase 3A1 (ALDH3A1), keratin 12, apolipoprotein A-IV precursor, haptoglobin precursor, prolipoprotein and lipoprotein Gln in KC corneas. Together, the results suggested that the Nano-ESI-LC-MS(MS)(2) method was superior than the 2D-DIGE method as it identified a greater number of proteins with altered levels in KC corneas. Further, the epithelial and stromal structural proteins of KC corneas exhibited altered levels compared to normal corneas, suggesting that they are affected due to structural remodeling during KC development and progression. Additionally, because several epithelial and stromal enzymes exhibited up- or down-regulation in the KC corneas relative to normal corneas, the two layers of KC corneas were under metabolic stress to adjust their remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Joseph
- Department of Vision Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 924 18th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294-4390, USA
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Park SK, Nam SW, Lee MY. Ethylbenzene-induced differential protein profiles in rat liver. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-010-4403-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Mitschke L, Parthier C, Schröder-Tittmann K, Coy J, Lüdtke S, Tittmann K. The crystal structure of human transketolase and new insights into its mode of action. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:31559-70. [PMID: 20667822 PMCID: PMC2951230 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.149955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2010] [Revised: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The crystal structure of human transketolase (TKT), a thiamine diphosphate (ThDP) and Ca(2+)-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the interketol transfer between ketoses and aldoses as part of the pentose phosphate pathway, has been determined to 1.75 Å resolution. The recombinantly produced protein crystallized in space group C2 containing one monomer in the asymmetric unit. Two monomers form the homodimeric biological assembly with two identical active sites at the dimer interface. Although the protomer exhibits the typical three (α/β)-domain structure and topology reported for TKTs from other species, structural differences are observed for several loop regions and the linker that connects the PP and Pyr domain. The cofactor and substrate binding sites of human TKT bear high resemblance to those of other TKTs but also feature unique properties, including two lysines and a serine that interact with the β-phosphate of ThDP. Furthermore, Gln(189) spans over the thiazolium moiety of ThDP and replaces an isoleucine found in most non-mammalian TKTs. The side chain of Gln(428) forms a hydrogen bond with the 4'-amino group of ThDP and replaces a histidine that is invariant in all non-mammalian TKTs. All other amino acids involved in substrate binding and catalysis are strictly conserved. Besides a steady-state kinetic analysis, microscopic equilibria of the donor half-reaction were characterized by an NMR-based intermediate analysis. These studies reveal that formation of the central 1,2-dihydroxyethyl-ThDP carbanion-enamine intermediate is thermodynamically favored with increasing carbon chain length of the donor ketose substrate. Based on the structure of human transketolase and sequence alignments, putative functional properties of the related transketolase-like proteins TKTL1 and -2 are discussed in light of recent findings suggesting that TKTL1 plays a role in cancerogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Mitschke
- From the Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Christoph Parthier
- From the Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Kathrin Schröder-Tittmann
- From the Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Lüdtke
- From the Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
- the Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, Department of Bioanalytics, Georg-August-University Göttingen, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kai Tittmann
- From the Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
- the Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, Department of Bioanalytics, Georg-August-University Göttingen, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
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Exposure to Pyrithiamine Increases β-Amyloid Accumulation, Tau Hyperphosphorylation, and Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 Activity in the Brain. Neurotox Res 2010; 19:575-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-010-9204-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2010] [Revised: 06/02/2010] [Accepted: 06/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Pan X, Gong N, Zhao J, Yu Z, Gu F, Chen J, Sun X, Zhao L, Yu M, Xu Z, Dong W, Qin Y, Fei G, Zhong C, Xu TL. Powerful beneficial effects of benfotiamine on cognitive impairment and -amyloid deposition in amyloid precursor protein/presenilin-1 transgenic mice. Brain 2010; 133:1342-51. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awq069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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