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Frans P, Mkabayi L, Pletschke BI, Frost CL. The effects of Cannabis sativa and cannabinoids on the inhibition of pancreatic lipase - An enzyme involved in obesity. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 179:117357. [PMID: 39232382 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is a chronic noncommunicable disease characterized by excessive body fat that can have negative health consequences. Obesity is a complex disease caused by a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. It is characterized by a discrepancy between caloric intake and expenditure. Obesity increases the risk of acquiring major chronic diseases, including heart disease, stroke, cancer, and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Currently, the inhibition of pancreatic lipases (PL) is a promising pharmacological therapy for obesity and weight management. In this study, the inhibition of pancreatic lipase by Cannabis sativa (C. sativa) plant extract and cannabinoids was investigated. METHODS The inhibitory effect was assessed using p-nitrophenyl butyrate (pNPB), and the results were obtained by calculating the percentage relative activity and assessed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Kinetic studies and spectroscopy techniques were used to evaluate the mode of inhibition. Diet-induced; and diabetic rat models were studied to evaluate the direct effects of C. sativa extract on PL activity. RESULTS Kinetic analyses showed that the plant extracts inhibited pancreatic lipase, with tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabinol (CBN) being the potential cause of the inhibition noted for the C. sativa plant extract. CBN and THC inhibited the pancreatic lipase activity in a competitive manner, with the lowest residual enzyme activity of 52 % observed at a 10 μg/mL concentration of CBN and 39 % inhibition at a 25 μg/mL concentration of THC. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy revealed that the inhibitors caused a change in the enzyme's secondary structure. At low concentrations, THC showed potential for synergistic inhibition with orlistat. C.sativa treatment in an in vivo rat model confirmed its inhibitory effects on pancreatic lipase activity. CONCLUSION The findings in this study provided insight into the use of cannabinoids as pancreatic lipase inhibitors and the possibility of using these compounds to develop new pharmacological treatments for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phelokazi Frans
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa
| | - Lithalethu Mkabayi
- Enzyme Science Programme (ESP), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Brett I Pletschke
- Enzyme Science Programme (ESP), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Carminita L Frost
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa.
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DeVuono MV, Venkatesan T, Hillard CJ. Endocannabinoid signaling in stress, nausea, and vomiting. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2024:e14911. [PMID: 39223918 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Classical antiemetics that target the serotonin system may not be effective in treating certain nausea and vomiting conditions like cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) and cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS). As a result, there is a need for better therapies to manage the symptoms of these disorders, including nausea, vomiting, and anxiety. Cannabis is often used for its purported antiemetic and anxiolytic effects, given regulation of these processes by the endocannabinoid system (ECS). However, there is considerable evidence that cannabinoids can also produce nausea and vomiting and increase anxiety in certain instances, especially at higher doses. This paradoxical effect of cannabinoids on nausea, vomiting, and anxiety may be due to the dysregulation of the ECS, altering how it maintains these processes and contributing to the pathophysiology of CVS or CHS. PURPOSE The purpose of this review is to highlight the involvement of the ECS in the regulation of stress, nausea, and vomiting. We discuss how prolonged cannabis use, such as in the case of CHS or heightened stress, can dysregulate the ECS and affect its modulation of these functions. The review also examines the evidence for the roles of ECS and stress systems' dysfunction in CVS and CHS to better understand the underlying mechanisms of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieka V DeVuono
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thangam Venkatesan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Cecilia J Hillard
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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Maglaviceanu A, Peer M, Rockel J, Bonin RP, Fitzcharles MA, Ladha KS, Bhatia A, Leroux T, Kotra L, Kapoor M, Clarke H. The State of Synthetic Cannabinoid Medications for the Treatment of Pain. CNS Drugs 2024; 38:597-612. [PMID: 38951463 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-024-01098-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Synthetic cannabinoids are compounds made in the laboratory to structurally and functionally mimic phytocannabinoids from the Cannabis sativa L. plant, including delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) can signal via the classical endogenous cannabinoid system (ECS) and the greater endocannabidiome network, highlighting their signalling complexity and far-reaching effects. Dronabinol and nabilone, which mimic THC signalling, have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treating nausea associated with cancer chemotherapy and/or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). However, there is ongoing interest in these two drugs as potential analgesics for a variety of other clinical conditions, including neuropathic pain, spasticity-related pain, and nociplastic pain syndromes including fibromyalgia, osteoarthritis, and postoperative pain, among others. In this review, we highlight the signalling mechanisms of FDA-approved synthetic cannabinoids, discuss key clinical trials that investigate their analgesic potential, and illustrate challenges faced when bringing synthetic cannabinoids to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Maglaviceanu
- Division of Orthopaedics, Osteoarthritis Research Program, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Miki Peer
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, University Health Network, Sinai Health System, and Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jason Rockel
- Division of Orthopaedics, Osteoarthritis Research Program, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Robert P Bonin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- University of Toronto Centre for the Study of Pain, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mary-Ann Fitzcharles
- Department of Rheumatology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Alan Edwards Pain Management Unit, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Karim S Ladha
- Department of Anesthesia, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anuj Bhatia
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, Toronto Western Hospital-University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Timothy Leroux
- Division of Orthopaedics, Osteoarthritis Research Program, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lakshmi Kotra
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mohit Kapoor
- Division of Orthopaedics, Osteoarthritis Research Program, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Centre for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hance Clarke
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Anesthesia, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Centre for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Transitional Pain Service, Pain Research Unit, Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada.
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Carrascosa AJ, Navarrete F, Saldaña R, García-Gutiérrez MS, Montalbán B, Navarro D, Gómez-Guijarro FM, Gasparyan A, Murcia-Sánchez E, Torregrosa AB, Pérez-Doblado P, Gutiérrez L, Manzanares J. Cannabinoid Analgesia in Postoperative Pain Management: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Reality. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6268. [PMID: 38892456 PMCID: PMC11172912 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Postoperative pain (POP) is a challenging clinical phenomenon that affects the majority of surgical patients and demands effective management to mitigate adverse outcomes such as persistent pain. The primary goal of POP management is to alleviate suffering and facilitate a seamless return to normal function for the patient. Despite compelling evidence of its drawbacks, opioid analgesia remains the basis of POP treatment. Novel therapeutic approaches rely on multimodal analgesia, integrating different pharmacological strategies to optimize efficacy while minimizing adverse effects. The recognition of the imperative role of the endocannabinoid system in pain regulation has prompted the investigation of cannabinoid compounds as a new therapeutic avenue. Cannabinoids may serve as adjuvants, enhancing the analgesic effects of other drugs and potentially replacing or at least reducing the dependence on other long-term analgesics in pain management. This narrative review succinctly summarizes pertinent information on the molecular mechanisms, clinical therapeutic benefits, and considerations associated with the plausible use of various cannabinoid compounds in treating POP. According to the available evidence, cannabinoid compounds modulate specific molecular mechanisms intimately involved in POP. However, only two of the eleven clinical trials that evaluated the efficacy of different cannabinoid interventions showed positive results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J. Carrascosa
- Servicio de Anestesiologia y Reanimación, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Avda. Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (A.J.C.); (R.S.); (B.M.); (F.M.G.-G.); (E.M.-S.); (P.P.-D.)
| | - Francisco Navarrete
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Avda de Ramón y Cajal s/n, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain; (F.N.); (M.S.G.-G.); (D.N.); (A.G.); (A.B.T.); (L.G.)
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientada a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones (RIAPAd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - Raquel Saldaña
- Servicio de Anestesiologia y Reanimación, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Avda. Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (A.J.C.); (R.S.); (B.M.); (F.M.G.-G.); (E.M.-S.); (P.P.-D.)
| | - María S. García-Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Avda de Ramón y Cajal s/n, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain; (F.N.); (M.S.G.-G.); (D.N.); (A.G.); (A.B.T.); (L.G.)
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientada a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones (RIAPAd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - Belinda Montalbán
- Servicio de Anestesiologia y Reanimación, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Avda. Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (A.J.C.); (R.S.); (B.M.); (F.M.G.-G.); (E.M.-S.); (P.P.-D.)
| | - Daniela Navarro
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Avda de Ramón y Cajal s/n, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain; (F.N.); (M.S.G.-G.); (D.N.); (A.G.); (A.B.T.); (L.G.)
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientada a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones (RIAPAd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - Fernando M. Gómez-Guijarro
- Servicio de Anestesiologia y Reanimación, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Avda. Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (A.J.C.); (R.S.); (B.M.); (F.M.G.-G.); (E.M.-S.); (P.P.-D.)
| | - Ani Gasparyan
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Avda de Ramón y Cajal s/n, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain; (F.N.); (M.S.G.-G.); (D.N.); (A.G.); (A.B.T.); (L.G.)
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientada a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones (RIAPAd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - Elena Murcia-Sánchez
- Servicio de Anestesiologia y Reanimación, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Avda. Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (A.J.C.); (R.S.); (B.M.); (F.M.G.-G.); (E.M.-S.); (P.P.-D.)
| | - Abraham B. Torregrosa
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Avda de Ramón y Cajal s/n, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain; (F.N.); (M.S.G.-G.); (D.N.); (A.G.); (A.B.T.); (L.G.)
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientada a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones (RIAPAd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - Paloma Pérez-Doblado
- Servicio de Anestesiologia y Reanimación, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Avda. Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (A.J.C.); (R.S.); (B.M.); (F.M.G.-G.); (E.M.-S.); (P.P.-D.)
| | - Luisa Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Avda de Ramón y Cajal s/n, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain; (F.N.); (M.S.G.-G.); (D.N.); (A.G.); (A.B.T.); (L.G.)
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientada a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones (RIAPAd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - Jorge Manzanares
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Avda de Ramón y Cajal s/n, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain; (F.N.); (M.S.G.-G.); (D.N.); (A.G.); (A.B.T.); (L.G.)
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientada a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones (RIAPAd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
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Kalsoom I, Shehzadi K, Li HS, Wen HL, Yu MJ. Unraveling the Mechanisms of Cannabidiol's Pharmacological Actions: A Comprehensive Research Overview. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2024; 382:20. [PMID: 38829467 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-024-00465-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Cannabis sativa has long been used for neurological and psychological healing. Recently, cannabidiol (CBD) extracted from cannabis sativa has gained prominence in the medical field due to its non-psychotropic therapeutic effects on the central and peripheral nervous systems. CBD, also acting as a potent antioxidant, displays diverse clinical properties such as anticancer, antiinflammatory, antidepressant, antioxidant, antiemetic, anxiolytic, antiepileptic, and antipsychotic effects. In this review, we summarized the structural activity relationship of CBD with different receptors by both experimental and computational techniques and investigated the mechanism of interaction between related receptors and CBD. The discovery of structural activity relationship between CBD and target receptors would provide a direction to optimize the scaffold of CBD and its derivatives, which would give potential medical applications on CBD-based therapies in various illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Kalsoom
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 10081, China
| | - Kiran Shehzadi
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 10081, China
| | - Han-Sheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 10081, China
| | - Hong-Liang Wen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 10081, China
| | - Ming-Jia Yu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 10081, China.
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Lyu P, Li H, Wan J, Chen Y, Zhang Z, Wu P, Wan Y, Seeram NP, Chamcheu JC, Liu C, Ma H. Bipiperidinyl Derivatives of Cannabidiol Enhance Its Antiproliferative Effects in Melanoma Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:478. [PMID: 38671925 PMCID: PMC11047683 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cannabis and its major cannabinoid cannabidiol (CBD) are reported to exhibit anticancer activity against skin tumors. However, the cytotoxic effects of other minor cannabinoids and synthetic CBD derivatives in melanoma are not fully elucidated. Herein, the antiproliferative activity of a panel of phytocannabinoids was screened against murine (B16F10) and human (A375) melanoma cells. CBD was the most cytotoxic natural cannabinoid with respective IC50 of 28.6 and 51.6 μM. Further assessment of the cytotoxicity of synthetic CBD derivatives in B16F10 cells identified two bipiperidinyl group-bearing derivatives (22 and 34) with enhanced cytotoxicity (IC50 = 3.1 and 8.5 μM, respectively). Furthermore, several cell death assays including flow cytometric (for apoptosis and ferroptosis) and lactate dehydrogenase (for pyroptosis) assays were used to characterize the antiproliferative activity of CBD and its bipiperidinyl derivatives. The augmented cytotoxicity of 22 and 34 in B16F10 cells was attributed to their capacity to promote apoptosis (as evidenced by increased apoptotic population). Taken together, this study supports the notion that CBD and its derivatives are promising lead compounds for cannabinoid-based interventions for melanoma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peihong Lyu
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA; (P.L.); (H.L.)
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Huifang Li
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA; (P.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Junzhao Wan
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA; (P.L.); (H.L.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Panpan Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Yinsheng Wan
- Department of Biology, Providence College, Providence, RI 02918, USA
| | - Navindra P. Seeram
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA; (P.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Jean Christopher Chamcheu
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, College of Sciences and Engineering, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Chang Liu
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA; (P.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Hang Ma
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA; (P.L.); (H.L.)
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Dos Santos Pereira M, Maitan Santos B, Gimenez R, Guimarães FS, Raisman-Vozari R, Del Bel E, Michel PP. The two synthetic cannabinoid compounds 4'-F-CBD and HU-910 efficiently restrain inflammatory responses of brain microglia and astrocytes. Glia 2024; 72:529-545. [PMID: 38013496 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
To study the anti-inflammatory potential of the two synthetic cannabinoids 4'-F-CBD and HU-910, we used post-natal brain cultures of mouse microglial cells and astrocytes activated by reference inflammogens. We found that 4'-F-CBD and HU-910 efficiently curtailed the release of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in microglia and astrocytes activated by the bacterial Toll-Like Receptor (TLR)4 ligand LPS. Upon LPS challenge, 4'-F-CBD and HU-910 also prevented the activation of phenotypic activation markers specific to microglia and astrocytes, that is, Iba-1 and GFAP, respectively. In microglial cells, the two test compounds also efficiently restrained LPS-stimulated release of glutamate, a non-cytokine inflammation marker for these cells. The immunosuppressive effects of the two cannabinoid compounds were concentration-dependent and observable between 1 and 10 μM. These effects were not dependent on cannabinoid or cannabinoid-like receptors. Both 4'-F-CBD and HU-910 were also capable of restraining the inflammogenic activity of Pam3CSK4, a lipopeptide that activates TLR2, and of BzATP, a prototypic agonist of P2X7 purinergic receptors, suggesting that these two cannabinoids could exert immunosuppressive effects against a variety of inflammatory stimuli. Using LPS-stimulated microglia and astrocytes, we established that the immunosuppressive action of 4'-F-CBD and HU-910 resulted from the inhibition of ROS produced by NADPH oxidase and subsequent repression of NF-κB-dependent signaling events. Our results suggest that 4'-F-CBD and HU-910 may have therapeutic utility in pathological conditions where neuroinflammatory processes are prominent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurício Dos Santos Pereira
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, FORP, Campus USP, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Bruna Maitan Santos
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, FORP, Campus USP, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Rocio Gimenez
- Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- IREN Center, National Technological University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Rita Raisman-Vozari
- Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Elaine Del Bel
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, FORP, Campus USP, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Patrick Pierre Michel
- Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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Iring A, Baranyi M, Iring-Varga B, Mut-Arbona P, Gál ZT, Nagy D, Hricisák L, Varga J, Benyó Z, Sperlágh B. Blood oxygen regulation via P2Y12R expressed in the carotid body. Respir Res 2024; 25:61. [PMID: 38281036 PMCID: PMC10821555 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02680-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral blood oxygen monitoring via chemoreceptors in the carotid body (CB) is an integral function of the autonomic cardiorespiratory regulation. The presence of the purinergic P2Y12 receptor (P2Y12R) has been implicated in CB; however, the exact role of the receptor in O2 sensing and signal transduction is unknown. METHODS The presence of P2Y12R was established by immunoblotting, RT qPCR and immunohistochemistry. Primary glomus cells were used to assess P2Y12R function during hypoxia and hypercapnia, where monoamines were measured by HPLC; calcium signal was recorded utilizing OGB-1 and N-STORM Super-Resolution System. Ingravescent hypoxia model was tested in anaesthetized mice of mixed gender and cardiorespiratory parameters were recorded in control and receptor-deficient or drug-treated experimental animals. RESULTS Initially, the expression of P2Y12R in adult murine CB was confirmed. Hypoxia induced a P2Y12R-dependent release of monoamine transmitters from isolated CB cells. Receptor activation with the endogenous ligand ADP promoted release of neurotransmitters under normoxic conditions, while blockade disrupted the amplitude and duration of the intracellular calcium concentration. In anaesthetised mice, blockade of P2Y12R expressed in the CB abrogated the initiation of compensatory cardiorespiratory changes in hypoxic environment, while centrally inhibited receptors (i.e. microglial receptors) or receptor-deficiency induced by platelet depletion had limited influence on the physiological adjustment to hypoxia. CONCLUSIONS Peripheral P2Y12R inhibition interfere with the complex mechanisms of acute oxygen sensing by influencing the calcium signalling and the release of neurotransmitter molecules to evoke compensatory response to hypoxia. Prospectively, the irreversible blockade of glomic receptors by anti-platelet drugs targeting P2Y12Rs, propose a potential, formerly unrecognized side-effect to anti-platelet medications in patients with pulmonary morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Iring
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, HUN-REN Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, 1083, Hungary.
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1094, Hungary.
| | - Mária Baranyi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, HUN-REN Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, 1083, Hungary
| | - Bernadett Iring-Varga
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, HUN-REN Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, 1083, Hungary
- János Szentágothai School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University School of PhD Studies, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - Paula Mut-Arbona
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, HUN-REN Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, 1083, Hungary
- János Szentágothai School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University School of PhD Studies, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna T Gál
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, HUN-REN Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, 1083, Hungary
| | - Dorina Nagy
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
- Cerebrovascular and Neurocognitive Disorders Research Group, Hungarian Research Network, Semmelweis University (HUN-REN-SU), Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - László Hricisák
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
- Cerebrovascular and Neurocognitive Disorders Research Group, Hungarian Research Network, Semmelweis University (HUN-REN-SU), Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - János Varga
- Department of Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1083, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Benyó
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
- Cerebrovascular and Neurocognitive Disorders Research Group, Hungarian Research Network, Semmelweis University (HUN-REN-SU), Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - Beáta Sperlágh
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, HUN-REN Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, 1083, Hungary
- János Szentágothai School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University School of PhD Studies, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
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9
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Klawitter J, Weissenborn W, Gvon I, Walz M, Klawitter J, Jackson M, Sempio C, Joksimovic SL, Shokati T, Just I, Christians U, Todorovic SM. β-Caryophyllene Inhibits Monoacylglycerol Lipase Activity and Increases 2-Arachidonoyl Glycerol Levels In Vivo: A New Mechanism of Endocannabinoid-Mediated Analgesia? Mol Pharmacol 2024; 105:75-83. [PMID: 38195158 PMCID: PMC10794982 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.123.000668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of β-caryophyllene (BCP)-induced analgesia are not well studied. Here, we tested the efficacy of BCP in an acute postsurgical pain model and evaluated its effect on the endocannabinoid system. Rats were treated with vehicle and 10, 25, 50, and 75 mg/kg BCP. Paw withdrawal responses to mechanical stimuli were evaluated using an electronic von Frey anesthesiometer. Endocannabinoids, including 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), were also evaluated in plasma and tissues using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) activity was evaluated in vitro as well as ex vivo. We observed a dose-dependent and time-dependent alleviation of hyperalgesia in incised paws up to 85% of the baseline value at 30 minutes after administration of BCP. We also observed dose-dependent increases in the 2-AG levels of about threefold after administration of BCP as compared with vehicle controls. Incubations of spinal cord tissue homogenates from BCP-treated rats with isotope-labeled 2-arachidonoylglycerol-d8 revealed a reduced formation of the isotope-labeled MAGL product 2-AG-d8 as compared with vehicle controls, indicating MAGL enzyme inhibition. In vitro MAGL enzyme activity assessment using 2-AG as the substrate revealed an IC50 of 15.8 µM for MAGL inhibition using BCP. These data showed that BCP inhibits MAGL activity in vitro and in vivo, causing 2-AG levels to rise. Since the endocannabinoid 2-AG is a CB1 and CB2 receptor agonist, we propose that 2-AG-mediated cannabinoid receptor activation contributes to BCP's mechanism of analgesia. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: β-Caryophyllene (BCP) consumption is relatively safe and is approved by the Food and Drug Administration as a flavoring agent, which can be used in cosmetic and food additives. BCP is a potent anti-inflammatory agent that showed substantial antihyperalgesic properties in this study of acute pain suggesting that BCP might be an alternative to opioids. This study shows an additive mechanism (monoacylglycerol lipase inhibition) by which BCP might indirectly alter CB1 and CB2 receptor activity and exhibit its pharmacological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jost Klawitter
- Departments of Anesthesiology (J.K., W.W., I.G., M.W., J.K., M.J., C.S., S.L.J., T.S., U.C., S.M.T.) and Psychiatry (J.K.), School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany (W.W., I.G., I.J., U.C.); and Neuroscience Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado (S.M.T.)
| | - Wiebke Weissenborn
- Departments of Anesthesiology (J.K., W.W., I.G., M.W., J.K., M.J., C.S., S.L.J., T.S., U.C., S.M.T.) and Psychiatry (J.K.), School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany (W.W., I.G., I.J., U.C.); and Neuroscience Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado (S.M.T.)
| | - Iuliia Gvon
- Departments of Anesthesiology (J.K., W.W., I.G., M.W., J.K., M.J., C.S., S.L.J., T.S., U.C., S.M.T.) and Psychiatry (J.K.), School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany (W.W., I.G., I.J., U.C.); and Neuroscience Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado (S.M.T.)
| | - Mackenzie Walz
- Departments of Anesthesiology (J.K., W.W., I.G., M.W., J.K., M.J., C.S., S.L.J., T.S., U.C., S.M.T.) and Psychiatry (J.K.), School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany (W.W., I.G., I.J., U.C.); and Neuroscience Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado (S.M.T.)
| | - Jelena Klawitter
- Departments of Anesthesiology (J.K., W.W., I.G., M.W., J.K., M.J., C.S., S.L.J., T.S., U.C., S.M.T.) and Psychiatry (J.K.), School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany (W.W., I.G., I.J., U.C.); and Neuroscience Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado (S.M.T.)
| | - Matthew Jackson
- Departments of Anesthesiology (J.K., W.W., I.G., M.W., J.K., M.J., C.S., S.L.J., T.S., U.C., S.M.T.) and Psychiatry (J.K.), School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany (W.W., I.G., I.J., U.C.); and Neuroscience Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado (S.M.T.)
| | - Cristina Sempio
- Departments of Anesthesiology (J.K., W.W., I.G., M.W., J.K., M.J., C.S., S.L.J., T.S., U.C., S.M.T.) and Psychiatry (J.K.), School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany (W.W., I.G., I.J., U.C.); and Neuroscience Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado (S.M.T.)
| | - Sonja L Joksimovic
- Departments of Anesthesiology (J.K., W.W., I.G., M.W., J.K., M.J., C.S., S.L.J., T.S., U.C., S.M.T.) and Psychiatry (J.K.), School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany (W.W., I.G., I.J., U.C.); and Neuroscience Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado (S.M.T.)
| | - Touraj Shokati
- Departments of Anesthesiology (J.K., W.W., I.G., M.W., J.K., M.J., C.S., S.L.J., T.S., U.C., S.M.T.) and Psychiatry (J.K.), School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany (W.W., I.G., I.J., U.C.); and Neuroscience Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado (S.M.T.)
| | - Ingo Just
- Departments of Anesthesiology (J.K., W.W., I.G., M.W., J.K., M.J., C.S., S.L.J., T.S., U.C., S.M.T.) and Psychiatry (J.K.), School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany (W.W., I.G., I.J., U.C.); and Neuroscience Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado (S.M.T.)
| | - Uwe Christians
- Departments of Anesthesiology (J.K., W.W., I.G., M.W., J.K., M.J., C.S., S.L.J., T.S., U.C., S.M.T.) and Psychiatry (J.K.), School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany (W.W., I.G., I.J., U.C.); and Neuroscience Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado (S.M.T.)
| | - Slobodan M Todorovic
- Departments of Anesthesiology (J.K., W.W., I.G., M.W., J.K., M.J., C.S., S.L.J., T.S., U.C., S.M.T.) and Psychiatry (J.K.), School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany (W.W., I.G., I.J., U.C.); and Neuroscience Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado (S.M.T.)
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10
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Motamedy S, Soltani B, Kameshki H, Kermani AA, Amleshi RS, Nazeri M, Shabani M. The Therapeutic Potential and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Neuroprotective Effects of Sativex ® - A Cannabis-derived Spray. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:1427-1448. [PMID: 38318827 DOI: 10.2174/0113895575285934240123110158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Sativex is a cannabis-based medicine that comes in the form of an oromucosal spray. It contains equal amounts of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol, two compounds derived from cannabis plants. Sativex has been shown to have positive effects on symptoms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), multiple sclerosis (MS), and sleep disorders. It also has analgesic, antiinflammatory, antitumoral, and neuroprotective properties, which make it a potential treatment option for other neurological disorders. The article reviews the results of recent preclinical and clinical studies that support the therapeutic potential of Sativex and the molecular mechanisms behind its neuroprotective benefits in various neurological disorders. The article also discusses the possible advantages and disadvantages of using Sativex as a neurotherapeutic agent, such as its safety, efficacy, availability, and legal status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Motamedy
- Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Bahareh Soltani
- Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Halimeh Kameshki
- Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Reza Saboori Amleshi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Masoud Nazeri
- Department of Anesthesiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Krankenhausstraße 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mohammad Shabani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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11
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Amato G, Runyon S, Vasukuttan V, Decker AM, Gay EA, Laudermilk L, Maitra R. Discovery of 1,3-disubstituted pyrazole peripheral cannabinoid receptor partial agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 93:129430. [PMID: 37543275 PMCID: PMC10529378 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Partial agonists of peripheral cannabinoid receptors (CBRs) have potential therapeutic applications in several medical conditions. However, (-)-trans-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the principal active component of marijuana, which is a partial agonist of CB1 and CB2 penetrates the central nervous system (CNS) and produces adverse effects. Peripherally restricted partial agonists of CBRs, particularly of CB1, can be used to treat illnesses safely and effectively with a better therapeutic index. Here, we report on our efforts to synthesize pyrazole partial CBR agonists with peripheral selectivity, resulting in lead compound 40. This compound is a potent partial agonist of CB1 with ∼ 5-fold higher plasma biodistribution over brain and represents an early lead for optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Amato
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Rd., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194, USA
| | - Scott Runyon
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Rd., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194, USA
| | - Vineetha Vasukuttan
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Rd., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194, USA
| | - Ann M Decker
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Rd., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194, USA
| | - Elaine A Gay
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Rd., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194, USA
| | - Lucas Laudermilk
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Rd., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194, USA
| | - Rangan Maitra
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Rd., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194, USA.
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12
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Spicarova D, Nerandzic V, Muzik D, Pontearso M, Bhattacharyya A, Nagy I, Palecek J. Inhibition of synaptic transmission by anandamide precursor 20:4-NAPE is mediated by TRPV1 receptors under inflammatory conditions. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1188503. [PMID: 37426071 PMCID: PMC10325575 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1188503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential ion channel, vanilloid subfamily, type 1 (TRPV1) cation channel, and cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) are essential in the modulation of nociceptive signaling in the spinal cord dorsal horn that underlies different pathological pain states. TRPV1 and CB1 receptors share the endogenous agonist anandamide (AEA), produced from N-arachidonoylphosphatidylethanolamine (20:4-NAPE). We investigated the effect of the anandamide precursor 20:4-NAPE on synaptic activity in naive and inflammatory conditions. Patch-clamp recordings of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) from superficial dorsal horn neurons in rat acute spinal cord slices were used. Peripheral inflammation was induced by subcutaneous injection of carrageenan. Under naive conditions, mEPSCs frequency (0.96 ± 0.11 Hz) was significantly decreased after 20 μM 20:4-NAPE application (55.3 ± 7.4%). This 20:4-NAPE-induced inhibition was blocked by anandamide-synthesizing enzyme N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD) inhibitor LEI-401. In addition, the inhibition was prevented by the CB1 receptor antagonist PF 514273 (0.2 μM) but not by the TRPV1 receptor antagonist SB 366791 (10 μM). Under inflammatory conditions, 20:4-NAPE (20 μM) also exhibited a significant inhibitory effect (74.5 ± 8.9%) on the mEPSCs frequency that was prevented by the TRPV1 receptor antagonist SB 366791 but not by PF 514273 application. Our results show that 20:4-NAPE application has a significant modulatory effect on spinal cord nociceptive signaling that is mediated by both TRPV1 and CB1 presynaptic receptors, whereas peripheral inflammation changes the underlying mechanism. The switch between TRPV1 and CB1 receptor activation by the AEA precursor 20:4-NAPE during inflammation may play an important role in nociceptive processing, hence the development of pathological pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Spicarova
- Laboratory of Pain Research, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Vladimir Nerandzic
- Laboratory of Pain Research, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - David Muzik
- Laboratory of Pain Research, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Monica Pontearso
- Laboratory of Pain Research, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Anirban Bhattacharyya
- Laboratory of Pain Research, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Istvan Nagy
- Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Faculty of Medicine, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Physiology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Jiri Palecek
- Laboratory of Pain Research, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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13
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Wen J, Sackett S, Tanaka M, Zhang Y. Therapeutic Effects of Combined Treatment with the AEA Hydrolysis Inhibitor PF04457845 and the Substrate Selective COX-2 Inhibitor LM4131 in the Mouse Model of Neuropathic Pain. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091275. [PMID: 37174675 PMCID: PMC10177584 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic neuropathic pain resulting from peripheral nerve damage is a significant clinical problem, which makes it imperative to develop the mechanism-based therapeutic approaches. Enhancement of endogenous cannabinoids by blocking their hydrolysis has been shown to reduce inflammation and neuronal damage in a number of neurological disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. However, recent studies suggest that inhibition of their hydrolysis can shift endocannabinoids 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG) and anandamide (AEA) toward the oxygenation pathway mediated by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) to produce proinflammatory prostaglandin glycerol esters (PG-Gs) and prostaglandin ethanolamides (PG-EAs). Thus, blocking both endocannabinoid hydrolysis and oxygenation is likely to be more clinically beneficial. In this study, we used the chronic constriction injury (CCI) mouse model to explore the therapeutic effects of simultaneous inhibition of AEA hydrolysis and oxygenation in the treatment of neuropathic pain. We found that the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor PF04457845 and the substrate-selective COX-2 inhibitor LM4131 dose-dependently reduced thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia in the CCI mice. In addition to ameliorating the pain behaviors, combined treatment with subeffective doses of these inhibitors greatly attenuated the accumulation of inflammatory cells in both sciatic nerve and spinal cord. Consistently, the increased proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and chemokine MCP-1 in the CCI mouse spinal cord and sciatic nerve were also significantly reduced by combination of low doses of PF04457845 and LM4131 treatment. Therefore, our study suggests that simultaneous blockage of endocannabinoid hydrolysis and oxygenation by using the substrate-selective COX-2 inhibitor, which avoids the cardiovascular and gastrointestinal side effects associated with the use of general COX-2 inhibitors, might be a suitable strategy for the treatment of inflammatory and neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wen
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Scott Sackett
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Mikiei Tanaka
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Yumin Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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14
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Graziano G, Delre P, Carofiglio F, Brea J, Ligresti A, Kostrzewa M, Riganti C, Gioè-Gallo C, Majellaro M, Nicolotti O, Colabufo NA, Abate C, Loza MI, Sotelo E, Mangiatordi GF, Contino M, Stefanachi A, Leonetti F. N-adamantyl-anthranil amide derivatives: New selective ligands for the cannabinoid receptor subtype 2 (CB2R). Eur J Med Chem 2023; 248:115109. [PMID: 36657299 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cannabinoid type 2 receptor (CB2R) is a G-protein-coupled receptor that, together with Cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1R), endogenous cannabinoids and enzymes responsible for their synthesis and degradation, forms the EndoCannabinoid System (ECS). In the last decade, several studies have shown that CB2R is overexpressed in activated central nervous system (CNS) microglia cells, in disorders based on an inflammatory state, such as neurodegenerative diseases, neuropathic pain, and cancer. For this reason, the anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory potentials of CB2R ligands are emerging as a novel therapeutic approach. The design of selective ligands is however hampered by the high sequence homology of transmembrane domains of CB1R and CB2R. Based on a recent three-arm pharmacophore hypothesis and latest CB2R crystal structures, we designed, synthesized, and evaluated a series of new N-adamantyl-anthranil amide derivatives as CB2R selective ligands. Interestingly, this new class of compounds displayed a high affinity for human CB2R along with an excellent selectivity respect to CB1R. In this respect, compounds exhibiting the best pharmacodynamic profile in terms of CB2R affinity were also evaluated for the functional behavior and molecular docking simulations provided a sound rationale by highlighting the relevance of the arm 1 substitution to prompt CB2R action. Moreover, the modulation of the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines production was also investigated to exert the ability of the best compounds to modulate the inflammatory cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Graziano
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of the Studies of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E.Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Pietro Delre
- CNR - Institute of Crystallography, Via Giovanni Amendola, 122/O, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesca Carofiglio
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of the Studies of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E.Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Josè Brea
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Av. Barcelona, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alessia Ligresti
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, NA, Italy
| | - Magdalena Kostrzewa
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, NA, Italy
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Claudia Gioè-Gallo
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - Maria Majellaro
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - Orazio Nicolotti
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of the Studies of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E.Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Antonio Colabufo
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of the Studies of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E.Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Carmen Abate
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of the Studies of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E.Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy; CNR - Institute of Crystallography, Via Giovanni Amendola, 122/O, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Isabel Loza
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Av. Barcelona, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Eddy Sotelo
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | | | - Marialessandra Contino
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of the Studies of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E.Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.
| | - Angela Stefanachi
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of the Studies of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E.Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.
| | - Francesco Leonetti
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of the Studies of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E.Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
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15
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Wołyniak M, Małecka-Wojciesko E, Zielińska M, Fabisiak A. A Crosstalk between the Cannabinoid Receptors and Nociceptin Receptors in Colitis-Clinical Implications. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11226675. [PMID: 36431153 PMCID: PMC9696262 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11226675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) refer to a group of gastrointestinal (GI) disorders with complex pathogenesis characterized by chronic intestinal inflammation with a variety of symptoms. Cannabinoid and nociceptin opioid receptors (NOPs) and their ligands are widely distributed in the GI tract. The nociceptin opioid receptor is a newly discovered member of the opioid receptor family with unique characteristics. Both cannabinoid and NOP systems exhibit antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity and contribute to maintaining proper motility, secretion and absorption in the GI tract. Furthermore, they influence high and low voltage calcium channels, which play a crucial role in the processing of pain, and share at least two kinases mediating their action. Among them there is NF-κB, a key factor in the regulation of inflammatory processes. Therefore, based on functional similarities between cannabinoid and nociceptin receptors and the anti-inflammatory effects exerted by their ligands, there is a high likelihood that there is an interaction between cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2 and the nociceptin receptor in colitis. In this review, we discuss potential overlaps between these two systems on a molecular and functional level in intestinal inflammation to create the basis for novel treatments of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Wołyniak
- Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Małecka-Wojciesko
- Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marta Zielińska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Adam Fabisiak
- Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-42-677-66-64
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16
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Werth VP, Hejazi E, Pena SM, Haber J, Zeidi M, Reddy N, Okawa J, Feng R, Bashir MM, Gebre K, Jadoo AS, Concha JSS, Dgetluck N, Constantine S, White B. Safety and Efficacy of Lenabasum, a Cannabinoid Receptor Type 2 Agonist, in Patients with Dermatomyositis with Refractory Skin Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:2651-2659.e1. [PMID: 35490744 PMCID: PMC10226779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment options are limited for skin disease in dermatomyositis. Lenabasum is a cannabinoid receptor type 2 agonist that triggers the resolution of inflammation. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of lenabasum in patients with refractory cutaneous dermatomyositis. DESIGN This study was a single-center, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase 2 study conducted from July 2015 to August 2017. POPULATION The population included subjects aged ≥18 years with at least moderately active dermatomyositis skin activity by Cutaneous Dermatomyositis Disease Area and Severity Index activity ≥ 14 and failure or intolerance to hydroxychloroquine. INTERVENTION Participants received 20 mg lenabasum daily for 28 days and then 20 mg twice per day for 56 days or placebo. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was a change in Cutaneous Dermatomyositis Disease Area and Severity Index activity. Safety and other secondary efficacy assessments were performed till day 113. RESULTS A total of 22 subjects were randomized to lenabasum (n = 11) or placebo (n = 11). No serious or severe adverse events were related to lenabasum, and no participants discontinued the study. The adjusted least-squares mean for Cutaneous Dermatomyositis Disease Area and Severity Index activity decreased more for lenabasum, and the difference was significant on day 113 (least-squares mean [standard error] difference = ‒6.5 [3.1], P = 0.038). Numerically greater improvements were seen in multiple secondary efficacy outcomes and biomarkers with lenabasum. CONCLUSION Lenabasum treatment was well tolerated and was associated with greater improvement in Cutaneous Dermatomyositis Disease Area and Severity Index activity and multiple efficacy outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02466243.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria P Werth
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Emily Hejazi
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sandra M Pena
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jessica Haber
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Majid Zeidi
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nithin Reddy
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joyce Okawa
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rui Feng
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Muhammad M Bashir
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kirubel Gebre
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Arvin S Jadoo
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Josef Symon S Concha
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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17
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Vidlarova M, Berta E, Prasil P, Prokopova A, Gurska S, Khoylou M, Rehulkova A, Kourilova P, Chudacek J, Szkorupa M, Klein J, Skarda J, Srovnal J, Hajduch M. Cannabinoid receptor 2 expression in early-stage non-small cell lung cancers identifies patients with good prognosis and longer survival. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2022; 11:2040-2050. [PMID: 36386452 PMCID: PMC9641041 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-22-247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death with a 5-year survival of only 21%. Reliable prognostic and/or predictive biomarkers are needed to improve NSCLC patient stratification, particularly in curative disease stages. Since the endogenous cannabinoid system is involved in both carcinogenesis and anticancer immune defense, we hypothesized that tumor tissue expression of cannabinoid 1 and 2 receptors (CB1 and CB2) may affect survival. METHODS Tumor tissue samples collected from 100 NSCLC patients undergoing radical surgery were analyzed for CB1 and CB2 gene and protein expression using the quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The gene and protein expression data were correlated with disease stage, histology, tumor grading, application of chemotherapy, and survival. Additional paired tumor and normal tissue samples of 10 NSCLC patients were analyzed independently for comparative analysis of CB1 and CB2 gene expression. RESULTS Patients with tumors expressing the CB2 gene had significantly longer overall survival (OS) (P<0.001), cancer specific survival (CSS) (P=0.002), and disease-free survival (DFS) (P<0.001). They also presented with fewer lymph node metastases at the time of surgery (P=0.011). A multivariate analysis identified CB2 tumor tissue gene expression as a positive prognostic factor for CSS [hazard ratio (HR) =0.274; P=0.013] and DFS (HR =0.322; P=0.009), and increased CSS. High CB2 gene and protein expression were detected in 79.6% and 31.5% of the tested tumor tissue samples, respectively. Neither CB1 gene nor CB1 or CB2 protein expression affected survival. When comparing paired tumor and tumor-free lung tissue samples, we observed reduced CB1 (P=0.008) and CB1 (P=0.056) gene expression in tumor tissues. CONCLUSIONS In NSCLC patients undergoing radical surgery, expression of the CB1 and CB2 receptor genes is significantly decreased in neoplastic versus tumor-free lung tissue. CB2 tumor tissue gene expression is strongly associated with longer survival (OS, CSS, DFS) and fewer lymph node metastases at the time of surgery. More studies are needed to evaluate its role as a biomarker in NSCLC and to investigate the potential use of CB2 modulators to treat or prevent lung cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Vidlarova
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Emil Berta
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic;,Ringerike Hospital, Hønefoss, Norway
| | - Petr Prasil
- Department of Anesthesiology, Landesklinikum Amstetten, Amstetten, Austria
| | - Andrea Prokopova
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Sona Gurska
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marta Khoylou
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Alona Rehulkova
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Kourilova
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Chudacek
- I. Department of Surgery, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Szkorupa
- I. Department of Surgery, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Klein
- Tomas Bata Regional Hospital in Zlin, Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Skarda
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Pathology and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Srovnal
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic;,Cancer Research Czech Republic, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Hajduch
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic;,Cancer Research Czech Republic, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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18
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Amato G, Vasukuttan V, Harris D, Laudermilk L, Lucitti J, Runyon S, Maitra R. Structure-Activity Relationship Development Efforts towards Peripherally Selective Analogs of the Cannabinoid Receptor Partial Agonist BAY 59-3074. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175672. [PMID: 36080443 PMCID: PMC9457575 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective modulation of peripheral cannabinoid receptors (CBRs) has potential therapeutic applications in medical conditions, including obesity, diabetes, liver diseases, GI disorders and pain. While there have been considerable efforts to produce selective antagonists or full agonists of CBRs, there has been limited reports on the development of partial agonists. Partial agonists targeting peripheral CBRs may have desirable pharmacological profiles while not producing centrally mediated dissociative effects. Bayer reported that BAY 59-3074 is a CNS penetrant partial agonist of both CB1 and CB2 receptors with efficacy in rat models of neuropathic and inflammatory pain. In this report, we demonstrate our efforts to synthesize analogs that would favor peripheral selectivity, while maintaining partial agonism of CB1. Our efforts led to the identification of a novel compound, which is a partial agonist of the human CB1 (hCB1) receptor with vastly diminished brain exposure compared to BAY 59-3074.
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19
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Porcu S, Tuveri E, Palanca M, Melis C, La Franca IM, Satta J, Chiriu D, Carbonaro CM, Cortis P, De Agostini A, Ricci PC. Rapid In Situ Detection of THC and CBD in Cannabis sativa L. by 1064 nm Raman Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2022; 94:10435-10442. [PMID: 35848818 PMCID: PMC9330313 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The need to find a rapid and worthwhile technique for
the in situ
detection of the content of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and
cannabidiol (CBD) in Cannabis sativa L. is an ever-increasing problem in the forensic field. Among all
the techniques for the detection of cannabinoids, Raman spectroscopy
can be identified as the most cost-effective, fast, noninvasive, and
nondestructive. In this study, 42 different samples were analyzed
using Raman spectroscopy with 1064 nm excitation wavelength. The use
of an IR wavelength laser showed the possibility to clearly identify
THC and CBD in fresh samples, without any further processing, knocking
out the contribution of the fluorescence generated by visible and
near-IR sources. The results allow assigning all the Raman features
in THC- and CBD-rich natural samples. The multivariate analysis underlines
the high reproducibility of the spectra and the possibility to distinguish
immediately the Raman spectra of the two cannabinoid species. Furthermore,
the ratio between the Raman bands at 1295/1440 and 1623/1663 cm–1 is identified as an immediate test parameter to evaluate
the THC content in the samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Porcu
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, S.p. no. 8 Km 0700, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Enrica Tuveri
- Scientific Investigation Department (RIS) of Cagliari, Via Ludovico Ariosto, 24, 09129 Cagliari, CA, Italy
| | - Marco Palanca
- Scientific Investigation Department (RIS) of Cagliari, Via Ludovico Ariosto, 24, 09129 Cagliari, CA, Italy
| | - Claudia Melis
- Scientific Investigation Department (RIS) of Cagliari, Via Ludovico Ariosto, 24, 09129 Cagliari, CA, Italy
| | | | - Jessica Satta
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, S.p. no. 8 Km 0700, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Daniele Chiriu
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, S.p. no. 8 Km 0700, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Carlo Maria Carbonaro
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, S.p. no. 8 Km 0700, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Cortis
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Sant'Ignazio 13, 09123 Cagliari, CA, Italy
| | - Antonio De Agostini
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Sant'Ignazio 13, 09123 Cagliari, CA, Italy
| | - Pier Carlo Ricci
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, S.p. no. 8 Km 0700, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
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20
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Polidoro D, Temmerman R, Devreese M, Charalambous M, Ham LV, Cornelis I, Broeckx BJG, Mandigers PJJ, Fischer A, Storch J, Bhatti SFM. Pharmacokinetics of Cannabidiol Following Intranasal, Intrarectal, and Oral Administration in Healthy Dogs. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:899940. [PMID: 35754531 PMCID: PMC9215213 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.899940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychtropic component of the Cannabis sativa plant, is substantiated more and more. We aimed to determine the pharmacokinetic behavior of CBD after a single dose via intranasal (IN) and intrarectal (IR) administration in six healthy Beagle dogs age 3–8 years old, and compare to the oral administration route (PO). Standardized dosages applied for IN, IR and PO were 20, 100, and 100 mg, respectively. Each dog underwent the same protocol but received CBD through a different administration route. CBD plasma concentrations were determined by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry before and at fixed time points after administration. Non-compartmental analysis was performed on the plasma concentration-time profiles. Plasma CBD concentrations after IR administration were below the limit of quantification. The mean area under the curve (AUC) after IN and PO CBD administration was 61 and 1,376 ng/mL*h, respectively. The maximal plasma CBD concentration (Cmax) after IN and PO CBD administration was 28 and 217 ng/mL reached after 0.5 and 3.5 h (Tmax), respectively. Significant differences between IN and PO administration were found in the Tmax (p = 0.04). Higher AUC and Cmax were achieved with 100 mg PO compared to 20 mg IN, but no significant differences were found when AUC (p = 0.09) and Cmax (p = 0.44) were normalized to 1 mg dosages. IN administration of CBD resulted in faster absorption when compared to PO administration. However, PO remains the most favorable route for CBD delivery due to its more feasible administration. The IR administration route is not advised for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dakir Polidoro
- Small Animal Department, Small Animal Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Robin Temmerman
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mathias Devreese
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marios Charalambous
- Small Animal Department, Small Animal Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Clinic for Small Animals, Department of Neurology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Luc Van Ham
- Small Animal Department, Small Animal Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ine Cornelis
- Small Animal Department, Small Animal Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart J G Broeckx
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Paul J J Mandigers
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Andrea Fischer
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Sofie F M Bhatti
- Small Animal Department, Small Animal Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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21
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Xie WS, Shehzadi K, Ma HL, Liang JH. A Potential Strategy for Treatment of Neurodegenerative Disorders by Regulation of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Human Brain. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:5315-5347. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220509114232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is a multistage mechanism that continues throughout the lifespan of human and non-human mammals. These adult-born neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) play a significant role in various hippocampus-dependent processes, including learning, mood regulation, pattern recognition, etc. Reduction of adult hippocampal neurogenesis, caused by multiple factors such as neurological disorders and aging, would impair neuronal proliferation and differentiation and result in memory loss. Accumulating studies have indicated that functional neuron impairment could be restored by promoting adult hippocampal neurogenesis. In this review, we summarized the small molecules that could efficiently promote the process of adult neurogenesis, particularly the agents that have the capacity of crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and showed in vivo efficacy in mammalian brains. This may pave the way for the rational design of drugs to treat humnan neurodegenerative disorders in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Song Xie
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Kiran Shehzadi
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Hong-Le Ma
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Jian-Hua Liang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
- Yangtze Delta Region Academy of Beijing Institute of Technology, Jiaxing 314019, China
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22
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The Efficacy of Cannabis on Multiple Sclerosis-Related Symptoms. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12050682. [PMID: 35629350 PMCID: PMC9148011 DOI: 10.3390/life12050682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is known as an autoimmune disease that damages the neurons in the central nervous system. MS is characterized by its most common symptoms of spasticity, muscle spasms, neuropathic pain, tremors, bladder dysfunction, dysarthria, and some intellectual problems, including memory disturbances. Several clinical studies have been conducted to investigate the effects of cannabis on the relief of these symptoms in MS patients. The efficacy of Cannabis sativa (C. Sativa) in the management of MS outcomes such as spasticity, pain, tremors, ataxia, bladder functions, sleep, quality of life, and adverse effects were assessed in this review. Most clinical studies showed the positive effects of cannabinoids with their different routes of administration, such as oromucosal spray and oral form, in reducing most MS symptoms. The oromucosal spray Nabiximols demonstrated an improvement in reducing MS spasticity, pain, and quality of life with a tolerated adverse effect. Oral cannabinoids are significantly effective for treating MS pain and spasticity, while the other symptoms indicate slight improvement and the evidence is quite inconsistent. Oromucosal spray and oral cannabis are mainly used for treating patients with MS and have positive effects on treating the most common symptoms of MS, such as pain and spasticity, whereas the other MS symptoms indicated slight improvement, for which further studies are needed.
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23
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Malach M, Kovalchuk I, Kovalchuk O. Medical Cannabis in Pediatric Oncology: Friend or Foe? Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:359. [PMID: 35337156 PMCID: PMC8954266 DOI: 10.3390/ph15030359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The antineoplastic effects of cannabis have been known since 1975. Since the identification of the components of the endogenous cannabinoid system (ECS) in the 1990s, research into the potential of cannabinoids as medicine has exploded, including in anti-cancer research. However, nearly all of this research has been on adults. Physicians and governing bodies remain cautious in recommending the use of cannabis in children, since the ECS develops early in life and data about cannabis exposure in utero show negative outcomes. However, there exist many published cases of use of cannabis in children to treat pediatric epilepsy and chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) that show both the safety and efficacy of cannabis in pediatric populations. Additionally, promising preclinical evidence showing that cannabis has anti-cancer effects on pediatric cancer warrants further investigation of cannabis' use in pediatric cancer patients, as well as other populations of pediatric patients. This review aims to examine the evidence regarding the potential clinical utility of cannabis as an anti-cancer treatment in children by summarizing what is currently known about uses of medical cannabis in children, particularly regarding its anti-cancer potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Igor Kovalchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K3M4, Canada;
| | - Olga Kovalchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K3M4, Canada;
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Wang J, Li D, Zhao B, Kim J, Sui G, Shi J. Small Molecule Compounds of Natural Origin Target Cellular Receptors to Inhibit Cancer Development and Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052672. [PMID: 35269825 PMCID: PMC8911024 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptors are macromolecules that transmit information regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis, play key roles in oncogenic processes and correlate with the prognoses of cancer patients. Thus, targeting receptors to constrain cancer development and progression has gained widespread interest. Small molecule compounds of natural origin have been widely used as drugs or adjuvant chemotherapeutic agents in cancer therapies due to their activities of selectively killing cancer cells, alleviating drug resistance and mitigating side effects. Meanwhile, many natural compounds, including those targeting receptors, are still under laboratory investigation for their anti-cancer activities and mechanisms. In this review, we classify the receptors by their structures and functions, illustrate the natural compounds targeting these receptors and discuss the mechanisms of their anti-cancer activities. We aim to provide primary knowledge of mechanistic regulation and clinical applications of cancer therapies through targeting deregulated receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Guangchao Sui
- Correspondence: (G.S.); (J.S.); Tel.: +86-451-82191081 (G.S. & J.S.)
| | - Jinming Shi
- Correspondence: (G.S.); (J.S.); Tel.: +86-451-82191081 (G.S. & J.S.)
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Misri S, Kaul K, Mishra S, Charan M, Verma AK, Barr MP, Ahirwar DK, Ganju RK. Cannabidiol Inhibits Tumorigenesis in Cisplatin-Resistant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer via TRPV2. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051181. [PMID: 35267489 PMCID: PMC8909073 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Drug resistance is the key factor contributing to the therapeutic failure of lung cancer and the deaths related to lung cancer. Our study demonstrated that small molecular weight non-psychotropic phytochemical, cannabidiol (CBD), inhibits growth and metastasis of drug-resistant non-small cell lung cancer cells (NSCLC) cells in-vitro and in-vivo. We further discovered that CBD mediates its anti-cancer effects in part via an ion channel receptor, TRPV2, present on lung adenocarcinoma. Moreover, we showed that CBD induces apoptosis of cisplatin-resistant cells by modulating oxidative stress pathways. Overall, these studies indicate that CBD could be used as a promising therapeutic strategy in TRPV2 expressing cisplatin-resistant NSCLC. Abstract Chemotherapy forms the backbone of current treatments for many patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the survival rate is low in these patients due to the development of drug resistance, including cisplatin resistance. In this study, we developed a novel strategy to combat the growth of cisplatin-resistant (CR) NSCLC cells. We have shown that treatment with the plant-derived, non-psychotropic small molecular weight molecule, cannabidiol (CBD), significantly induced apoptosis of CR NSCLC cells. In addition, CBD treatment significantly reduced tumor progression and metastasis in a mouse xenograft model and suppressed cancer stem cell properties. Further mechanistic studies demonstrated the ability of CBD to inhibit the growth of CR cell lines by reducing NRF-2 and enhancing the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, we show that CBD acts through Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid-2 (TRPV2) to induce apoptosis, where TRPV2 is expressed on human lung adenocarcinoma tumors. High expression of TRPV2 correlates with better overall survival of lung cancer patients. Our findings identify CBD as a novel therapeutic agent targeting TRPV2 to inhibit the growth and metastasis of this aggressive cisplatin-resistant phenotype in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Misri
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (S.M.); (K.K.); (S.M.); (M.C.); (A.K.V.)
| | - Kirti Kaul
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (S.M.); (K.K.); (S.M.); (M.C.); (A.K.V.)
| | - Sanjay Mishra
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (S.M.); (K.K.); (S.M.); (M.C.); (A.K.V.)
| | - Manish Charan
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (S.M.); (K.K.); (S.M.); (M.C.); (A.K.V.)
| | - Ajeet Kumar Verma
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (S.M.); (K.K.); (S.M.); (M.C.); (A.K.V.)
| | - Martin P. Barr
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, St. James’s Hospital, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland;
- School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dinesh K. Ahirwar
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (S.M.); (K.K.); (S.M.); (M.C.); (A.K.V.)
- Correspondence: (D.K.A.); (R.K.G.)
| | - Ramesh K. Ganju
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (S.M.); (K.K.); (S.M.); (M.C.); (A.K.V.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Correspondence: (D.K.A.); (R.K.G.)
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da Costa Sobral KG, Neuberger B, Mello FK, Mallmann MP, Sampaio TB, Oliveira MS. Anticonvulsant activity of β-caryophyllene in association with pregabalin in a seizure model in rats. Epilepsy Res 2022; 179:106842. [PMID: 34942451 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2021.106842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common chronic neurological disease. The hallmark of epilepsy is recurrent, unprovoked seizures. Unfortunately, drug resistance is frequent in patients with epilepsy, and therefore improved therapeutic strategies are needed. In the present study, we tested the effect of pregabalin in association with beta-caryophyllene, an FDA-approved food additive and naturally occurring agonist of cannabinoid receptor subtype 2 against pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizures in rats. In addition, selected neurochemical parameters were evaluated in the cerebral cortex. Adult male Wistar rats received beta-caryophyllene (100 mg/kg), pregabalin (40 mg/kg) or their combination before PTZ (60 mg/kg). Appropriated vehicle-treated control groups were included for each treatment. Animals were monitored by video-EEG and the latency to myoclonic seizures, latency to tonic-clonic seizures, tonic-clonic seizure duration and overall seizure score were measured. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) release, erythroid-related factor 2 (Nrf2), c-fos and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) levels were evaluated in the frontal cortex. We found that beta-caryophyllene plus pregabalin increased the latency to PTZ-induced myoclonic and tonic-clonic seizures and decreased the tonic-clonic seizure duration and overall seizure score. Interestingly, lower levels of GFAP, c-Fos and 3-NT were observed in animals receiving beta-caryophyllene and pregabalin treatments. Our results suggest a possible synergic effect of beta-caryophyllene plus pregabalin against PTZ induced-seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruna Neuberger
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.
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Pugazhendhi A, Suganthy N, Chau TP, Sharma A, Unpaprom Y, Ramaraj R, Karuppusamy I, Brindhadevi K. Cannabinoids as anticancer and neuroprotective drugs: Structural insights and pharmacological interactions—A review. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Bukke VN, Archana M, Villani R, Serviddio G, Cassano T. Pharmacological and Toxicological Effects of Phytocannabinoids and Recreational Synthetic Cannabinoids: Increasing Risk of Public Health. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14100965. [PMID: 34681189 PMCID: PMC8541640 DOI: 10.3390/ph14100965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic Cannabinoids (CBs) are a novel class of psychoactive substances that have rapidly evolved around the world with the addition of diverse structural modifications to existing molecules which produce new structural analogues that can be associated with serious adverse health effects. Synthetic CBs represent the largest class of drugs detected by the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) with a total of 207 substances identified from 2008 to October 2020, and 9 compounds being reported for the first time. Synthetic CBs are sprayed on natural harmless herbs with an aim to mimic the euphoric effect of Cannabis. They are sold under different brand names including Black mamba, spice, K2, Bombay Blue, etc. As these synthetic CBs act as full agonists at the CB receptors, they are much more potent than natural Cannabis and have been increasingly associated with acute to chronic intoxications and death. Due to their potential toxicity and abuse, the US government has listed some synthetic CBs under schedule 1 classification. The present review aims to provide a focused overview of the literature concerning the development of synthetic CBs, their abuse, and potential toxicological effects including renal toxicity, respiratory depression, hyperemesis syndrome, cardiovascular effects, and a range of effects on brain function.
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Lowe H, Toyang N, Steele B, Bryant J, Ngwa W, Nedamat K. The Current and Potential Application of Medicinal Cannabis Products in Dentistry. Dent J (Basel) 2021; 9:106. [PMID: 34562980 PMCID: PMC8466648 DOI: 10.3390/dj9090106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral and dental diseases are a major global burden, the most common non-communicable diseases (NCDs), and may even affect an individual's general quality of life and health. The most prevalent dental and oral health conditions are tooth decay (otherwise referred to as dental caries/cavities), oral cancers, gingivitis, periodontitis, periodontal (gum) disease, Noma, oro-dental trauma, oral manifestations of HIV, sensitive teeth, cracked teeth, broken teeth, and congenital anomalies such as cleft lip and palate. Herbs have been utilized for hundreds of years in traditional Chinese, African and Indian medicine and even in some Western countries, for the treatment of oral and dental conditions including but not limited to dental caries, gingivitis and toothaches, dental pulpitis, halitosis (bad breath), mucositis, sore throat, oral wound infections, and periodontal abscesses. Herbs have also been used as plaque removers (chew sticks), antimicrobials, analgesics, anti-inflammatory agents, and antiseptics. Cannabis sativa L. in particular has been utilized in traditional Asian medicine for tooth-pain management, prevention of dental caries and reduction in gum inflammation. The distribution of cannabinoid (CB) receptors in the mouth suggest that the endocannabinoid system may be a target for the treatment of oral and dental diseases. Most recently, interest has been geared toward the use of Cannabidiol (CBD), one of several secondary metabolites produced by C. sativa L. CBD is a known anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anxiolytic, anti-microbial and anti-cancer agent, and as a result, may have therapeutic potential against conditions such burning mouth syndrome, dental anxiety, gingivitis, and possible oral cancer. Other major secondary metabolites of C. sativa L. such as terpenes and flavonoids also share anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anxiolytic and anti-microbial properties and may also have dental and oral applications. This review will investigate the potential of secondary metabolites of C. sativa L. in the treatment of dental and oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Lowe
- Biotech R & D Institute, University of the West Indies, Mona 99999, Jamaica; (H.L.); (J.B.)
- Vilotos Pharmaceuticals Inc., Baltimore, MD 21202, USA;
- Flavocure Biotech Inc., Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | - Ngeh Toyang
- Vilotos Pharmaceuticals Inc., Baltimore, MD 21202, USA;
- Flavocure Biotech Inc., Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | - Blair Steele
- Biotech R & D Institute, University of the West Indies, Mona 99999, Jamaica; (H.L.); (J.B.)
| | - Joseph Bryant
- Biotech R & D Institute, University of the West Indies, Mona 99999, Jamaica; (H.L.); (J.B.)
| | - Wilfred Ngwa
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
- School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Kaveh Nedamat
- Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA;
- Auraleaf Innovations, Toronto, ON M9B 4H6, Canada
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Lowe H, Toyang N, Steele B, Bryant J, Ngwa W. The Endocannabinoid System: A Potential Target for the Treatment of Various Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9472. [PMID: 34502379 PMCID: PMC8430969 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Endocannabinoid System (ECS) is primarily responsible for maintaining homeostasis, a balance in internal environment (temperature, mood, and immune system) and energy input and output in living, biological systems. In addition to regulating physiological processes, the ECS directly influences anxiety, feeding behaviour/appetite, emotional behaviour, depression, nervous functions, neurogenesis, neuroprotection, reward, cognition, learning, memory, pain sensation, fertility, pregnancy, and pre-and post-natal development. The ECS is also involved in several pathophysiological diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. In recent years, genetic and pharmacological manipulation of the ECS has gained significant interest in medicine, research, and drug discovery and development. The distribution of the components of the ECS system throughout the body, and the physiological/pathophysiological role of the ECS-signalling pathways in many diseases, all offer promising opportunities for the development of novel cannabinergic, cannabimimetic, and cannabinoid-based therapeutic drugs that genetically or pharmacologically modulate the ECS via inhibition of metabolic pathways and/or agonism or antagonism of the receptors of the ECS. This modulation results in the differential expression/activity of the components of the ECS that may be beneficial in the treatment of a number of diseases. This manuscript in-depth review will investigate the potential of the ECS in the treatment of various diseases, and to put forth the suggestion that many of these secondary metabolites of Cannabis sativa L. (hereafter referred to as "C. sativa L." or "medical cannabis"), may also have potential as lead compounds in the development of cannabinoid-based pharmaceuticals for a variety of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Lowe
- Biotech R & D Institute, University of the West Indies, Mona 99999, Jamaica; (H.L.); (J.B.)
- Vilotos Pharmaceuticals Inc., Baltimore, MD 21202, USA;
- Flavocure Biotech Inc., Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | - Ngeh Toyang
- Vilotos Pharmaceuticals Inc., Baltimore, MD 21202, USA;
- Flavocure Biotech Inc., Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | - Blair Steele
- Biotech R & D Institute, University of the West Indies, Mona 99999, Jamaica; (H.L.); (J.B.)
| | - Joseph Bryant
- Biotech R & D Institute, University of the West Indies, Mona 99999, Jamaica; (H.L.); (J.B.)
| | - Wilfred Ngwa
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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Kyriakou I, Yarandi N, Polycarpou E. Efficacy of cannabinoids against glioblastoma multiforme: A systematic review. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 88:153533. [PMID: 33812759 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The increased incidence of Glioblastoma Multiforme, the most aggressive and most common primary brain tumour, is evident worldwide. Survival rates are reaching only 15 months due to its high recurrence and resistance to current combination therapies including oncotomy, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Light has been shed in the recent years on the anticancer properties of cannabinoids from Cannabis sativa. OBJECTIVE To determine whether cannabinoids alone or in combination with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy inhibit tumour progression, induce cancer cell death, inhibit metastasis and invasiveness and the mechanisms that underlie these actions. METHOD PubMed and Web of Science were used for a systemic search to find studies on the anticancer effects of natural cannabinoids on glioma cancer cells in vitro and/or in vivo. RESULTS A total of 302 papers were identified, of which 14 studies were found to fit the inclusion criteria. 5 studies were conducted in vitro, 2 in vivo and 7 were both in vivo and in vitro. 3 studies examined the efficacy of CBD, THC and TMZ, 1 study examined CBD and radiation, 2 studies examined efficacy of THC only and 3 studies examined the efficacy of CBD only. 1 study examined the efficacy of CBD, THC and radiotherapy, 2 studies examined the combination of CBD and THC and 2 more studies examined the efficacy of CBD and TMZ. CONCLUSION The evidence in this systematic review leads to the conclusion that cannabinoids possess anticancer potencies against glioma cells, however this effect varies with the combinations and dosages used. Studies so far were conducted on cells in culture and on mice as well as a small number of studies that were conducted on humans. Hence in order to have more accurate results, higher quality studies mainly including human clinical trials with larger sample sizes are necessitated urgently for GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismini Kyriakou
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Niousha Yarandi
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey KT1 2EE, UK.
| | - Elena Polycarpou
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey KT1 2EE, UK
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Kumar P, Mahato DK, Kamle M, Borah R, Sharma B, Pandhi S, Tripathi V, Yadav HS, Devi S, Patil U, Xiao J, Mishra AK. Pharmacological properties, therapeutic potential, and legal status of Cannabis sativa L.: An overview. Phytother Res 2021; 35:6010-6029. [PMID: 34237796 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Marijuana, or Cannabis sativa L., is a common psychoactive plant used for both recreational and medicinal purposes. In many countries, cannabis-based medicines have been legalized under certain conditions because of their immense prospects in medicinal applications. With a comprehensive insight into the prospects and challenges associated with the pharmacological use and global trade of C. sativa, this mini-review focuses on the medicinal importance of the plant and its legal status worldwide; the pharmacological compounds and its therapeutic potential along with the underlying public health concerns and future perspective are herein discussed. The existence of major compounds including Δ9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9 -THC), cannabidiol, cannabinol, and cannabichromene contributes to the medicinal effects of the cannabis plant. These compounds are also involved in the treatment of various types of cancer, epilepsy, and Parkinson's disease displaying several mechanisms of action. Cannabis sativa is a plant with significant pharmacological potential. However, several aspects of the plant need an in-depth understanding of the drug mechanism and its interaction with other drugs. Only after addressing these health concerns, legalization of cannabis could be utilized to its full potential as a future medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar
- Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Forestry, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology, Nirjuli, India
| | - Dipendra Kumar Mahato
- CASS Food Research Centre, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Madhu Kamle
- Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Forestry, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology, Nirjuli, India
| | - Rituraj Borah
- Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Forestry, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology, Nirjuli, India
| | - Bharti Sharma
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Shikha Pandhi
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Vijay Tripathi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, India
| | - Hardeo Singh Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology, Nirjuli, India
| | - Sheetal Devi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management (NIFTEM), Sonipat, India
| | - Umesh Patil
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
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Estrada JA, Contreras I. Endocannabinoid Receptors in the CNS: Potential Drug Targets for the Prevention and Treatment of Neurologic and Psychiatric Disorders. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 18:769-787. [PMID: 32065105 PMCID: PMC7536826 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666200217140255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system participates in the regulation of CNS homeostasis and functions, including neurotransmission, cell signaling, inflammation and oxidative stress, as well as neuronal and glial cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and survival. Endocannabinoids are produced by multiple cell types within the CNS and their main receptors, CB1 and CB2, are expressed in both neurons and glia. Signaling through these receptors is implicated in the modulation of neuronal and glial alterations in neuroinflammatory, neurodegenerative and psychiatric conditions, including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and Huntington’s disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, stroke, epilepsy, anxiety and depression. The therapeutic potential of endocannabinoid receptors in neurological disease has been hindered by unwelcome side effects of current drugs used to target them; however, due to their extensive expression within the CNS and their involvement in physiological and pathological process in nervous tissue, they are attractive targets for drug development. The present review highlights the potential applications of the endocannabinoid system for the prevention and treatment of neurologic and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio Estrada
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Mexico
| | - Irazú Contreras
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Mexico
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Toxicological properties of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2021; 71:1-11. [PMID: 32597140 PMCID: PMC7837244 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2020-71-3301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabis sativa L. contains more than 100 phytocannabinoids that can interact with cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2. None of the cannabinoid receptor ligands is entirely CB1- or CB2-specific. The effects of cannabinoids therefore differ not just because of different potency at cannabinoid receptors but also because they can interact with other non-CB1 and non-CB2 targets, such as TRPV1, GPR55, and GPR119. The most studied phytocannabinoid is Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). THC is a partial agonist at both cannabinoid receptors, but its psychotomimetic effect is produced primarily via activation of the CB1 receptor, which is strongly expressed in the central nervous system, with the noteworthy exception of the brain stem. Although acute cognitive and other effects of THC are well known, the risk of irreversible neuropsychological effects of THC needs further research to elucidate the association. Unlike THC, phytocannabinoid cannabidiol (CBD) does not appear to have psychotomimetic effects but may interact with some of the effects of THC if taken concomitantly. CBD administered orally has recently undergone well-controlled clinical trials to assess its safety in the treatment of paediatric epilepsy syndromes. Their findings point to increased transaminase levels as a safety issue that calls for postmarketing surveillance for liver toxicity. The aim of this review is to summarise what is known about acute and chronic toxicological effects of both compounds and address the gaps in knowledge about the safety of exogenous cannabinoids that are still open.
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The Interplay between the Immune and the Endocannabinoid Systems in Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061282. [PMID: 34064197 PMCID: PMC8224348 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of Cannabis sativa has been recognized since ancient times. Phytocannabinoids, endocannabinoids and synthetic cannabinoids activate two major G protein-coupled receptors, subtype 1 and 2 (CB1 and CB2). Cannabinoids (CBs) modulate several aspects of cancer cells, such as apoptosis, autophagy, proliferation, migration, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and stemness. Moreover, agonists of CB1 and CB2 receptors inhibit angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Low-grade inflammation is a hallmark of cancer in the tumor microenvironment (TME), which contains a plethora of innate and adaptive immune cells. These cells play a central role in tumor initiation and growth and the formation of metastasis. CB2 and, to a lesser extent, CB1 receptors are expressed on a variety of immune cells present in TME (e.g., T cells, macrophages, mast cells, neutrophils, NK cells, dendritic cells, monocytes, eosinophils). The activation of CB receptors modulates a variety of biological effects on cells of the adaptive and innate immune system. The expression of CB2 and CB1 on different subsets of immune cells in TME and hence in tumor development is incompletely characterized. The recent characterization of the human cannabinoid receptor CB2-Gi signaling complex will likely aid to design potent and specific CB2/CB1 ligands with therapeutic potential in cancer.
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Mathew B, Harilal S, Musa A, Kumar R, Parambi DGT, Jose J, Uddin MS, Shah MA, Behl T, Unnikrishnan MK. An Agathokakological Tale of Δ 9-THC: Exploration of Possible Biological Targets. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 22:823-834. [PMID: 33001012 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666201001123515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), the active phytocannabinoid in cannabis, is virtually an adjunct to the endogenous endocannabinoid signaling system. By interacting with G-proteincoupled receptors CB1 and CB2, Δ9-THC affects peripheral and central circulation by lowering sympathetic activity, altering gene expression, cell proliferation, and differentiation, decreasing leukocyte migration, modulating neurotransmitter release, thereby modulating cardiovascular functioning, tumorigenesis, immune responses, behavioral and locomotory activities. Δ9-THC effectively suppresses chemotherapy-induced vomiting, retards malignant tumor growth, inhibits metastasis, and promotes apoptosis. Other mechanisms involved are targeting cell cycle at the G2-M phase in human breast cancer, downregulation of E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1) in human glioblastoma multiforme, and stimulation of ER stress-induced autophagy. Δ9-THC also plays a role in ameliorating neuroinflammation, excitotoxicity, neuroplasticity, trauma, and stroke and is associated with reliving childhood epilepsy, brain trauma, and neurodegenerative diseases. Δ9-THC via CB1 receptors affects nociception, emotion, memory, and reduces neuronal excitability and excitotoxicity in epilepsy. It also increases renal blood flow, reduces intraocular pressure via a sympathetic pathway, and modulates hormonal release, thereby decreasing the reproductive function and increasing glucose metabolism. Versatile medical marijuana has stimulated abundant research demonstrating substantial therapeutic promise, suggesting the possibilities of first-in-class drugs in diverse therapeutic segments. This review represents the current pharmacological status of the phytocannabinoid, Δ9-THC, and synthetic analogs in cancer, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijo Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi-682 041, India
| | - Seetha Harilal
- Department of Pharmacy, Kerala University of Health Sciences, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Arafa Musa
- Department of Pharmacogonosy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al Jouf, 2014, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy, Kerala University of Health Sciences, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Della Grace Thomas Parambi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al Jouf, 2014, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jobin Jose
- Department of Pharmaceutics, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, NITTE Deemed to be University, Manglore, 575018, India
| | - Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Ajmal Shah
- Department of Pharmacogonosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Tapan Behl
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
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Tricyclic Pyrazole-Based Compounds as Useful Scaffolds for Cannabinoid CB 1/CB 2 Receptor Interaction. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082126. [PMID: 33917187 PMCID: PMC8068016 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoids comprise different classes of compounds, which aroused interest in recent years because of their several pharmacological properties. Such properties include analgesic activity, bodyweight reduction, the antiemetic effect, the reduction of intraocular pressure and many others, which appear correlated to the affinity of cannabinoids towards CB1 and/or CB2 receptors. Within the search aiming to identify novel chemical scaffolds for cannabinoid receptor interaction, the CB1 antagonist/inverse agonist pyrazole-based derivative rimonabant has been modified, giving rise to several tricyclic pyrazole-based compounds, most of which endowed of high affinity and selectivity for CB1 or CB2 receptors. The aim of this review is to present the synthesis and summarize the SAR study of such tricyclic pyrazole-based compounds, evidencing, for some derivatives, their potential in the treatment of neuropathic pain, obesity or in the management of glaucoma.
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Tang Y, Wolk B, Britch SC, Craft RM, Kendall DA. Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of the selective cannabinoid CB 2 receptor agonist ABK5. J Pharmacol Sci 2021; 145:319-326. [PMID: 33712283 PMCID: PMC8376191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoid receptors are a potential target for anti-inflammatory and pain therapeutics. There are two subtypes, CB1 and CB2, and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol activates both of them, providing an analgesic effect but also psychoactive side effects. The psychoactive side effects are considered to be caused by activation of CB1, but not CB2. ABK5 is a CB2 subtype selective agonist that has a very different structure from known cannabinoid receptor agonists. Here, we report anti-inflammatory effects of ABK5 using the T-cell line Jurkat cells, and antinociceptive effect in an inflammatory pain model in rats. Production of the cytokines IL-2 and TNF-α was measured in stimulated Jurkat cells and MOLT-4 cells, and CXCL12-mediated chemotaxis of Jurkat cells was evaluated by a transwell migration assay. Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of ABK5 were also evaluated in a hindpaw CFA model in rats. ABK5 significantly decreased production of IL-2 and TNF-α measured as both mRNA and protein levels, and reduced chemotaxis towards CXCL12. It also attenuated edema and increased mechanical threshold in the hindpaw of CFA-treated rats. These results suggest that ABK5 is a good lead compound for the development of potential anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaliang Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Barbara Wolk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Stevie C Britch
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Rebecca M Craft
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Debra A Kendall
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.
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Huang S, Claassen FW, van Beek TA, Chen B, Zeng J, Zuilhof H, Salentijn GIJ. Rapid Distinction and Semiquantitative Analysis of THC and CBD by Silver-Impregnated Paper Spray Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2021; 93:3794-3802. [PMID: 33576613 PMCID: PMC8023514 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The control over the amount of psychoactive THC (Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol) in commercial cannabidiol (CBD) products has to be strict. A fast and simple semiquantitative Ag(I)-impregnated paper spray mass spectrometric method for differentiating between THC and CBD, which show no difference in standard single-stage or tandem MS, was established. Because of a different binding affinity to Ag(I) ions, quasi-molecular Ag(I) adducts [THC + Ag]+ and [CBD + Ag]+ at m/z 421 and 423 give different fragmentation patterns. The product ions at m/z 313 for THC and m/z 353 and 355 for CBD can be used to distinguish THC and CBD and to determine their ratio. Quantification of THC/CBD ratios in commercial CBD oils was accomplished with a low matrix effect (-2.2 ± 0.4% for THC and -2.0 ± 0.3% for CBD). After simple methanol extraction (recovery of 87.3 ± 1.2% for THC and 92.3 ± 1.4% for CBD), Ag(I)-impregnated paper spray analysis was employed to determine this ratio. A single run can be completed in a few minutes. This method was benchmarked against the UHPLC-UV method. Ag(I)-impregnated paper spray MS had the same working range (THC/CBD = 0.001-1) as UHPLC-UV analysis (R2 = 0.9896 and R2 = 0.9998, respectively), as well as comparable accuracy (-2.7 to 14%) and precision (RSD 1.7-11%). The method was further validated by the analysis of 10 commercial oils by Ag(I)-impregnated paper spray MS and UHPLC-UV analysis. Based on the determined relative concentration ratios of THC/CBD and the declared CBD concentration, 6 out of 10 CBD oils appear to contain more THC than the Dutch legal limit of 0.05%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Huang
- Key
Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province and Key Laboratory
of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of
Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6708 WE, The Netherlands
| | - Frank W. Claassen
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6708 WE, The Netherlands
| | - Teris A. van Beek
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6708 WE, The Netherlands
| | - Bo Chen
- Key
Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province and Key Laboratory
of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of
Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Jianguo Zeng
- Hunan
Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Key
Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province and Key Laboratory
of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of
Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6708 WE, The Netherlands
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gert IJ. Salentijn
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6708 WE, The Netherlands
- Wageningen
Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen
University & Research, Wageningen 6700 AE, The Netherlands
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Yadav-Samudrala BJ, Fitting S. Mini-review: The therapeutic role of cannabinoids in neuroHIV. Neurosci Lett 2021; 750:135717. [PMID: 33587986 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In the era of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is considered a chronic disease with an inflammatory component that specifically targets the brain and causes a high prevalence of HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). The endocannabinoid (eCB) system has attracted interest as a target for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, due to the potential anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties of cannabinoids, including its potential therapeutic use in HIV-1 neuropathogenesis. In this review, we summarize what is currently known about the structural and functional changes of the eCB system under conditions of HAND. This will be followed by summarizing the current clinical and preclinical findings on the effects of cannabis use and cannabinoids in the context of HIV-1 infection, with specifically focusing on viral load, cognition, inflammation, and neuroprotection. Lastly, we present some potential future directions to better understand the involvement of the eCB system and the role that cannabis use and cannabinoids play in neuroHIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barkha J Yadav-Samudrala
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Sylvia Fitting
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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Kanojia U, Chaturbhuj SG, Sankhe R, Das M, Surubhotla R, Krishnadas N, Gourishetti K, Nayak PG, Kishore A. Beta-Caryophyllene, a CB2R Selective Agonist, Protects Against Cognitive Impairment Caused by Neuro-inflammation and Not in Dementia Due to Ageing Induced by Mitochondrial Dysfunction. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2021; 20:963-974. [PMID: 33530917 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666210202121103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dementia is a neurodegenerative disorder majorly evidenced by cognitive impairment. Although there are many types of dementia, the common underlying etiological factors in all the types are neuro-inflammation or aging induced apoptosis. β-caryophyllene, a cannabinoid type-2 receptor agonist, has been reported to have promising neuroprotective effects in cerebral ischemia and neuro-inflammation. OBJECTIVE In the present study, we evaluated the effects of β-caryophyllene against animal models of dementia whose etiology mimicked neuro-inflammation and aging. METHODS Two doses (50 and 100 mg/kg of body weight) of β-caryophyllene given orally were tested against AlCl3-induced dementia in male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats using the Morris water maze test. Subsequently, the effect of the drug was assessed for episodic memory in female SD rats using novel object recognition task in doxorubicin-induced neuro-inflammation and chemobrain model. Moreover, its effects were evaluated in D-galactose-induced mitochondrial dysfunction leading to dementia. RESULTS β-caryophyllene, at both doses, showed significant improvement in memory when assessed using parameters like target quadrant entries, escape latency and path efficiency in the Morris water maze test for spatial memory. In the doxorubicin-induced chemobrain model, β-caryophyllene at 100 mg/kg significantly elevated acetylcholinesterase and catalase levels and lowered lipid peroxidation compared to the disease control. In the novel object recognition task, β-caryophyllene at 100 mg/kg significantly improved recognition index and discrimination index in the treated animals compared to the disease control, with a significant increase in catalase and a decrease in lipid peroxidation in both hippocampus and frontal cortex. However, in the D-galactose-induced mitochondrial dysfunction model, β-caryophyllene failed to show positive effects when spatial memory was assessed. It also failed to improve D-galactose-induced diminished mitochondrial complex I and II activities. CONCLUSION Hence, we conclude that β-caryophyllene at 100 mg/kg protects against dementia induced by neuro-inflammation with no effect on neuronal aging induced by mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urja Kanojia
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Shrikant Gyaneshwar Chaturbhuj
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Runali Sankhe
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Maushami Das
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Raviteja Surubhotla
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Nandakumar Krishnadas
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Karthik Gourishetti
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Pawan Ganesh Nayak
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Anoop Kishore
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
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Hergert DC, Robertson-Benta C, Sicard V, Schwotzer D, Hutchison K, Covey DP, Quinn DK, Sadek JR, McDonald J, Mayer AR. Use of Medical Cannabis to Treat Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2021; 38:1904-1917. [PMID: 33256496 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2020.7148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is not a single pharmacological agent with demonstrated therapeutic efficacy for traumatic brain injury (TBI). With recent legalization efforts and the growing popularity of medical cannabis, patients with TBI will inevitably consider medical cannabis as a treatment option. Pre-clinical TBI research suggests that cannabinoids have neuroprotective and psychotherapeutic properties. In contrast, recreational cannabis use has consistently shown to have detrimental effects. Our review identified a paucity of high-quality studies examining the beneficial and adverse effects of medical cannabis on TBI, with only a single phase III randomized control trial. However, observational studies demonstrate that TBI patients are using medical and recreational cannabis to treat their symptoms, highlighting inconsistencies between public policy, perception of potential efficacy, and the dearth of empirical evidence. We conclude that randomized controlled trials and prospective studies with appropriate control groups are necessary to fully understand the efficacy and potential adverse effects of medical cannabis for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle C Hergert
- The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Pete & Nancy Domenici Hall, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Cidney Robertson-Benta
- The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Pete & Nancy Domenici Hall, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Veronik Sicard
- The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Pete & Nancy Domenici Hall, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Daniela Schwotzer
- Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Kent Hutchison
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Dan P Covey
- Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Davin K Quinn
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Joseph R Sadek
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.,New Mexico VA Health Care System, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Jacob McDonald
- Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Andrew R Mayer
- The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Pete & Nancy Domenici Hall, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.,Psychology Department, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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43
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Trento MMS, Moré AOO, Duarte ECW, Martins DF. Peripheral receptors and neuromediators involved in the antihyperalgesic effects of acupuncture: a state-of-the-art review. Pflugers Arch 2021; 473:573-593. [PMID: 33474636 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02503-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims to describe state-of-the-art of preclinical studies that have investigated peripheral receptors and neuromediators involved in the antihyperalgesic effects of acupuncture. The PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched using the integrative review method. Preclinical articles that involved the study of peripheral receptors and neuromediators on the pain control effects of acupuncture in rats or mice were selected using a predefined search strategy. From this search, 456 articles were found, and 29 of them met the inclusion criteria of the study. The selected articles addressed the following peripheral receptors: opioid (n = 9), adenosine (n = 5), cannabinoid (n = 5), transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) (n = 3), histamine (n = 2), adrenergic (n = 1), muscarinic (n = 1), corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) (n = 2), IL-1 (n = 1), and endothelin (n = 1) receptors. The peripheral neuromediators correlated with the peripheral pain control effect were as follows: opioid peptides (n = 4), adenosine (n = 3), histamine (n = 1), substance P (n = 1) calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) (n = 1), anandamide (n = 1), nitric oxide (n = 1), and norepinephrine (n = 1). This review summarizes the methods used to investigate the peripheral effects of acupuncture and discusses the main findings on each family of receptors and neuromediators. Ten families of peripheral receptors and 8 types of neuromediators were correlated with the antihyperalgesic effects of acupuncture in preclinical studies. Considering the benefits of a better understanding of the role of peripheral receptors and neuromediators in the context pain management, the findings of the present study highlight the importance of deepening the exploration of the peripheral mechanisms of acupuncture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ari Ojeda Ocampo Moré
- Integrative Medicine and Acupuncture Service, University Hospital, Federal University of Santa Catarina, R. Profa. Maria Flora Pausewang, s/n - Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catalina, CEP: 88036-800, Brazil.
| | | | - Daniel Fernandes Martins
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil.,Experimental Neuroscience Laboratory (LaNEx), University of Southern Santa Catarina, Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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44
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Therapeutic potential of cannabinoids in combination cancer therapy. Adv Biol Regul 2021; 79:100774. [PMID: 33422460 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2020.100774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Derivatives of the plant Cannabis sativa have been used for centuries for both medical and recreational purposes, as well as industrial. The first proof of its medicinal use comes from ancient China, although there is evidence of its earlier utilization in Europe and Asia. In the 19th century, European practitioners started to employ cannabis extracts to treat tetanus, convulsions, and mental diseases and, in 1851, cannabis made its appearance in the Pharmacopoeia of the United States as an analgesic, hypnotic and anticonvulsant. It was only in 1937 that the Marijuana Tax Act prohibited the use of this drug in the USA. The general term Cannabis is commonly used by the scientific and scholar community to indicate derivatives of the plant Cannabis sativa. The word cannabinoid is a term describing chemical compounds that are either derivate of Cannabis (phytocannabinoids) or artificial analogues (synthetic) or are produced endogenously by the body (endocannabinoids). A more casual term "marijuana" or "weed", a compound derived from dried Cannabis flower tops and leaves, has progressively superseded the term cannabis when referred to its recreational use. The 2018 World health organisation (WHO) data suggest that nearly 2.5% of the global population (147 million) uses marijuana and some countries, such as Canada and Uruguay, have already legalised it. Due to its controversial history, the medicinal use of cannabinoids has always been a centre of debate. The isolation and characterisation of Δ9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the major psychoactive component of cannabis and the detection of two human cannabinoid receptor (CBRs) molecules renewed interest in the medical use of cannabinoids, boosting research and commercial heed in this sector. Some cannabinoid-based drugs have been approved as medications, mainly as antiemetic, antianorexic, anti-seizure remedies and in cancer and multiple sclerosis patients' palliative care. Nevertheless, due to the stigma commonly associated with these compounds, cannabinoids' potential in the treatment of conditions such as cancer is still largely unknown and therefore underestimated.
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Tang Y, Wolk B, Kendall DA. Effects of a CB 2 Subtype Selective Agonist ABK5-1 on Cytokine Production in Microglia. JOURNAL OF CELLULAR SIGNALING 2021; 2:85-93. [PMID: 34263256 PMCID: PMC8276972 DOI: 10.33696/signaling.2.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Neuroinflammation is closely associated with various diseases including neuropathic pain. Microglia are immune cells in the central nervous system which are the main players of immunity and inflammation. Since microglia are activated by nerve injury, and they produce proinflammatory mediators to cause neuropathic pain, targeting activated microglia is considered to be a strategy for treating neuropathic pain. Activation of the cannabinoid CB2 receptor is known to have anti-inflammatory effects in microglia. ABK5-1 is a CB2 subtype selective agonist which inhibits IL-1β and IL-6 production in the microglia cell line BV-2. The purpose of the current study is to further analyze anti-inflammatory effects of ABK5 in terms of different cytokines and the possible pathway involved in the effect in the BV-2 cell line. METHODS A cytokine array was performed to screen the effect of ABK5-1 on forty inflammatory mediators in BV-2 cells. Changes of the inflammatory mediators was further supported by mRNA analysis, and a possible signaling molecule that involved the observation was evaluated by western blot. RESULTS Stimulating BV-2 cells by lipopolysaccharide increased expression of eleven inflammatory mediators, and ABK5-1 treatment resulted in more than a 50% decrease of sICAM1, IL-6, and RANTES. Real-time PCR results showed a decrease of G-CSF, ICAM1, MCP-1, MIP-1α, and MIP-1β mRNA levels. Western blot analysis showed that ABK5-1 inhibited LPS-induced ERK phosphorylation, which can be a mechanism of ABK5-1-mediated anti-inflammatory effect. CONCLUSIONS Our current results support the possibility that ABK5-1 is an anti-inflammatory drug for microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaliang Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - Barbara Wolk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - Debra A. Kendall
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
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46
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Emerging Roles of Cannabinoids and Synthetic Cannabinoids in Clinical Experimental Models. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1264:47-65. [PMID: 33332003 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-57369-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, an increasing number of investigations has demonstrated the therapeutic potential of molecules targeting the endocannabinoid system. Cannabinoids of endogenous, phytogenic, and synthetic nature have been assessed in a wide variety of disease models ranging from neurological to metabolic disorders. Even though very few compounds of this type have already reached the market, numerous preclinical and clinical studies suggest that cannabinoids are suitable drugs for the clinical management of diverse pathologies.In this chapter, we will provide an overview of the endocannabinoid system under certain physiopathological conditions, with a focus on neurological, oncologic, and metabolic disorders. Cannabinoids evaluated as potential therapeutic agents in experimental models with an emphasis in the most successful chemical entities and their perspectives towards the clinic will be discussed.
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47
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Śledziński P, Nowak-Terpiłowska A, Zeyland J. Cannabinoids in Medicine: Cancer, Immunity, and Microbial Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E263. [PMID: 33383838 PMCID: PMC7795897 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, there has been a growing interest in the medical applications of Cannabis plants. They owe their unique properties to a group of secondary metabolites known as phytocannabinoids, which are specific for this genus. Phytocannabinoids, and cannabinoids generally, can interact with cannabinoid receptors being part of the endocannabinoid system present in animals. Over the years a growing body of scientific evidence has been gathered, suggesting that these compounds have therapeutic potential. In this article, we review the classification of cannabinoids, the molecular mechanisms of their interaction with animal cells as well as their potential application in the treatment of human diseases. Specifically, we focus on the research concerning the anticancer potential of cannabinoids in preclinical studies, their possible use in cancer treatment and palliative medicine, as well as their influence on the immune system. We also discuss their potential as therapeutic agents in infectious, autoimmune, and gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases. We postulate that the currently ongoing and future clinical trials should be accompanied by research focused on the cellular and molecular response to cannabinoids and Cannabis extracts, which will ultimately allow us to fully understand the mechanism, potency, and safety profile of cannabinoids as single agents and as complementary drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Śledziński
- Department of Genome Engineering, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-032 Poznan, Poland;
| | | | - Joanna Zeyland
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-632 Poznan, Poland;
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DeVuono MV, Hrelja KM, Petrie GN, Limebeer CL, Rock EM, Hill MN, Parker LA. Nausea-Induced Conditioned Gaping Reactions in Rats Produced by High-Dose Synthetic Cannabinoid, JWH-018. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2020; 5:298-304. [PMID: 33381644 DOI: 10.1089/can.2019.0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome is becoming a more prominently reported side effect of cannabis containing high-dose Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and designer cannabinoid drugs such as "Spice." One active ingredient that has been found in "Spice" is 1-pentyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole (JWH-018), a synthetic full agonist of the cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptor. In this study, we evaluated the potential of different doses of JWH-018 to produce conditioned gaping in rats, an index of nausea. Materials and Methods: Rats received 3 daily conditioning trials in which saccharin was paired with JWH-018 (0.0, 0.1, 1, and 3 mg/kg, intraperitoneal [i.p.]). Then the potential of pretreatment with the CB1 antagonist, rimonabant (SR), to prevent JWH-018-induced conditioned gaping was determined. To begin to understand the potential mechanism underlying JWH-018-induced nausea, serum collected from trunk blood was subjected to a corticosterone (CORT) analysis in rats receiving three daily injections with vehicle (VEH) or JWH-018 (3 mg/kg). Results: At doses of 1 and 3 mg/kg (i.p.), JWH-018 produced nausea-like conditioned gaping reactions. The conditioned gaping produced by 3 mg/kg JWH-018 was reversed by pretreatment with rimonabant, which did not modify gaping on its own. Treatment with JWH-018 elevated serum CORT levels compared to vehicle-treated rats. Conclusions: As we have previously reported with high-dose THC, JWH-018 produced conditioned gaping in rats, reflective of a nausea effect mediated by its action on CB1 receptors and accompanied by elevated CORT, reflective of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieka V DeVuono
- Department of Psychology and Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Kelly M Hrelja
- Department of Psychology and Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Gavin N Petrie
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Cheryl L Limebeer
- Department of Psychology and Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Erin M Rock
- Department of Psychology and Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Matthew N Hill
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Linda A Parker
- Department of Psychology and Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
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49
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Sholler DJ, Huestis MA, Amendolara B, Vandrey R, Cooper ZD. Therapeutic potential and safety considerations for the clinical use of synthetic cannabinoids. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2020; 199:173059. [PMID: 33086126 PMCID: PMC7725960 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2020.173059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The phytocannabinoid Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) was isolated and synthesized in the 1960s. Since then, two synthetic cannabinoids (SCBs) targeting the cannabinoid 1 (CB1R) and 2 (CB2R) receptors were approved for medical use based on clinical safety and efficacy data: dronabinol (synthetic THC) and nabilone (synthetic THC analog). To probe the function of the endocannabinoid system further, hundreds of investigational compounds were developed; in particular, agonists with (1) greater CB1/2R affinity relative to THC and (2) full CB1/2R agonist activity. This pharmacological profile may pose greater risks for misuse and adverse effects relative to THC, and these SCBs proliferated in retail markets as legal alternatives to cannabis (e.g., novel psychoactive substances [NPS], "Spice," "K2"). These SCBs were largely outlawed in the U.S., but blanket policies that placed all SCB chemicals into restrictive control categories impeded research progress into novel mechanisms for SCB therapeutic development. There is a concerted effort to develop new, therapeutically useful SCBs that target novel pharmacological mechanisms. This review highlights the potential therapeutic efficacy and safety considerations for unique SCBs, including CB1R partial and full agonists, peripherally-restricted CB1R agonists, selective CB2R agonists, selective CB1R antagonists/inverse agonists, CB1R allosteric modulators, endocannabinoid-degrading enzyme inhibitors, and cannabidiol. We propose promising directions for SCB research that may optimize therapeutic efficacy and diminish potential for adverse events, for example, peripherally-restricted CB1R antagonists/inverse agonists and biased CB1/2R agonists. Together, these strategies could lead to the discovery of new, therapeutically useful SCBs with reduced negative public health impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis J Sholler
- Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Marilyn A Huestis
- Institute of Emerging Health Professions, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Benjamin Amendolara
- UCLA Cannabis Research Initiative, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ryan Vandrey
- Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ziva D Cooper
- UCLA Cannabis Research Initiative, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Yang JF, Williams AH, Penthala NR, Prather PL, Crooks PA, Zhan CG. Binding Modes and Selectivity of Cannabinoid 1 (CB1) and Cannabinoid 2 (CB2) Receptor Ligands. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:3455-3463. [PMID: 32997485 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The cannabinoid (CB) receptors (CB1R and CB2R) represent a promising therapeutic target for several indications such as nociception and obesity. The ligands with nonselectivity can be traced to the high similarity in the binding sites of both cannabinoid receptors. Therefore, the need for selectivity, potency, and G-protein coupling bias has further complicated the design of desired compounds. The bias of currently studied cannabinoid agonists is seldom investigated, and agonists that do exhibit bias are typically nonselective. However, certain long-chain endocannabinoids represent a class of selective and potent CB1R agonists. The binding mode for this class of compounds has remained elusive, limiting the implementation of its binding features to currently studied agonists. Hence, in the present study, the binding poses for these long-chain cannabinoids, along with other interesting ligands, with the receptors have been determined, by using a combination of molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations along with molecular mechanics-Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM-PBSA) binding free energy calculations. The binding poses for the long-chain cannabinoids implicate that a site surrounded by the transmembrane (TM)2, TM7, and extracellular loop (ECL)2 is vital for providing the long-chain ligands with the selectivity for CB1R, especially I267 of CB1R (corresponding to L182 of CB2R). Based on the obtained binding modes, the calculated relative binding free energies and selectivity are all in good agreement with the corresponding experimental data, suggesting that the determined binding poses are reasonable. The computational strategy used in this study may also prove fruitful in applications with other GPCRs or membrane-bound proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Narsimha R. Penthala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Paul L. Prather
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Peter A. Crooks
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
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