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Sharon N, Yarmolinsky L, Khalfin B, Fleisher-Berkovich S, Ben-Shabat S. Cannabinoids' Role in Modulating Central and Peripheral Immunity in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6402. [PMID: 38928109 PMCID: PMC11204381 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoids (the endocannabinoids, the synthetic cannabinoids, and the phytocannabinoids) are well known for their various pharmacological properties, including neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory features, which are fundamentally important for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. The aging of the global population is causing an increase in these diseases that require the development of effective drugs to be even more urgent. Taking into account the unavailability of effective drugs for neurodegenerative diseases, it seems appropriate to consider the role of cannabinoids in the treatment of these diseases. To our knowledge, few reviews are devoted to cannabinoids' impact on modulating central and peripheral immunity in neurodegenerative diseases. The objective of this review is to provide the best possible information about the cannabinoid receptors and immuno-modulation features, peripheral immune modulation by cannabinoids, cannabinoid-based therapies for the treatment of neurological disorders, and the future development prospects of making cannabinoids versatile tools in the pursuit of effective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shimon Ben-Shabat
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; (N.S.); (L.Y.); (B.K.); (S.F.-B.)
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2
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Sun L, Apweiler M, Normann C, Grathwol CW, Hurrle T, Gräßle S, Jung N, Bräse S, Fiebich BL. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of GPR55 Agonists and Antagonists in LPS-Treated BV2 Microglial Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:674. [PMID: 38931342 PMCID: PMC11206594 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is driven by proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and chemokines, such as c-c motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), CCL3, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CXCL2), and CXCL10. Inflammatory processes of the central nervous system (CNS) play an important role in the pathogenesis of various neurological and psychiatric disorders like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and depression. Therefore, identifying novel anti-inflammatory drugs may be beneficial for treating disorders with a neuroinflammatory background. The G-protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) gained interest due to its role in inflammatory processes and possible involvement in different disorders. This study aims to identify the anti-inflammatory effects of the coumarin-based compound KIT C, acting as an antagonist with inverse agonistic activity at GPR55, in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglial cells in comparison to the commercial GPR55 agonist O-1602 and antagonist ML-193. All compounds significantly suppressed IL-6, TNF-α, CCL2, CCL3, CXCL2, and CXCL10 expression and release in LPS-treated BV2 microglial cells. The anti-inflammatory effects of the compounds are partially explained by modulation of the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), p42/44 MAPK (ERK 1/2), protein kinase C (PKC) pathways, and the transcription factor nuclear factor (NF)-κB, respectively. Due to its potent anti-inflammatory properties, KIT C is a promising compound for further research and potential use in inflammatory-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Sun
- Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany; (L.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Matthias Apweiler
- Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany; (L.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Claus Normann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Christoph W. Grathwol
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstrasse 12, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; (C.W.G.); (T.H.); (S.G.); (N.J.); (S.B.)
| | - Thomas Hurrle
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstrasse 12, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; (C.W.G.); (T.H.); (S.G.); (N.J.); (S.B.)
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstrasse 12, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Simone Gräßle
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstrasse 12, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; (C.W.G.); (T.H.); (S.G.); (N.J.); (S.B.)
| | - Nicole Jung
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstrasse 12, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; (C.W.G.); (T.H.); (S.G.); (N.J.); (S.B.)
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstrasse 12, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstrasse 12, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; (C.W.G.); (T.H.); (S.G.); (N.J.); (S.B.)
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstrasse 12, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Bernd L. Fiebich
- Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany; (L.S.); (M.A.)
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3
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Menéndez-Pérez C, Rivas-Santisteban R, del Valle E, Tolivia J, Navarro A, Franco R, Martínez-Pinilla E. Heteromers Formed by GPR55 and Either Cannabinoid CB 1 or CB 2 Receptors Are Upregulated in the Prefrontal Cortex of Multiple Sclerosis Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4176. [PMID: 38673761 PMCID: PMC11050292 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune, inflammatory, and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system for which there is no cure, making it necessary to search for new treatments. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) plays a very important neuromodulatory role in the CNS. In recent years, the formation of heteromers containing cannabinoid receptors and their up/downregulation in some neurodegenerative diseases have been demonstrated. Despite the beneficial effects shown by some phytocannabinoids in MS, the role of the ECS in its pathophysiology is unknown. The main objective of this work was to identify heteromers of cell surface proteins receptive to cannabinoids, namely GPR55, CB1 and CB2 receptors, in brain samples from control subjects and MS patients, as well as determining their cellular localization, using In Situ Proximity Ligation Assays and immunohistochemical techniques. For the first time, CB1R-GPR55 and CB2R-GPR55 heteromers are identified in the prefrontal cortex of the human brain, more in the grey than in the white matter. Remarkably, the number of CB1R-GPR55 and CB2R-GPR55 complexes was found to be increased in MS patient samples. The results obtained open a promising avenue of research on the use of these receptor complexes as potential therapeutic targets for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlota Menéndez-Pérez
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (C.M.-P.); (E.d.V.); (J.T.); (A.N.)
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rafael Rivas-Santisteban
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (R.R.-S.); (R.F.)
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Laboratory of Computational Medicine, Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Campus Bellaterra, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Eva del Valle
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (C.M.-P.); (E.d.V.); (J.T.); (A.N.)
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jorge Tolivia
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (C.M.-P.); (E.d.V.); (J.T.); (A.N.)
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ana Navarro
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (C.M.-P.); (E.d.V.); (J.T.); (A.N.)
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rafael Franco
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (R.R.-S.); (R.F.)
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Martínez-Pinilla
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (C.M.-P.); (E.d.V.); (J.T.); (A.N.)
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
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Gajghate S, Li H, Rom S. GPR55 Inactivation Diminishes Splenic Responses and Improves Neurological Outcomes in the Mouse Ischemia/Reperfusion Stroke Model. Cells 2024; 13:280. [PMID: 38334672 PMCID: PMC10855118 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Although strokes are frequent and severe, treatment options are scarce. Plasminogen activators, the only FDA-approved agents for clot treatment (tissue plasminogen activators (tPAs)), are used in a limited patient group. Moreover, there are few approaches for handling the brain's inflammatory reactions to a stroke. The orphan G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55)'s connection to inflammatory processes has been recently reported; however, its role in stroke remains to be discovered. Post-stroke neuroinflammation involves the central nervous system (CNS)'s resident microglia activation and the infiltration of leukocytes from circulation into the brain. Additionally, splenic responses have been shown to be detrimental to stroke recovery. While lymphocytes enter the brain in small numbers, they regularly emerge as a very influential leukocyte subset that causes secondary inflammatory cerebral damage. However, an understanding of how this limited lymphocyte presence profoundly impacts stroke outcomes remains largely unclear. In this study, a mouse model for transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) was used to mimic ischemia followed by a reperfusion (IS/R) stroke. GPR55 inactivation, with a potent GPR55-specific antagonist, ML-193, starting 6 h after tMCAO or the absence of the GPR55 in mice (GPR55 knock out (GPR55ko)) resulted in a reduced infarction volume, improved neurological outcomes, and decreased splenic responses. The inhibition of GPR55 with ML-193 diminished CD4+T-cell spleen egress and attenuated CD4+T-cell brain infiltration. Additionally, ML-193 treatment resulted in an augmented number of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the brain post-tMCAO. Our report offers documentation and the functional evaluation of GPR55 in the brain-spleen axis and lays the foundation for refining therapeutics for patients after ischemic attacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Gajghate
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Hongbo Li
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA;
| | - Slava Rom
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA;
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5
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Kolbe MR, Hohmann T, Hohmann U, Maronde E, Golbik R, Prell J, Illert J, Strauss C, Dehghani F. Elucidation of GPR55-Associated Signaling behind THC and LPI Reducing Effects on Ki67-Immunoreactive Nuclei in Patient-Derived Glioblastoma Cells. Cells 2023; 12:2646. [PMID: 37998380 PMCID: PMC10670585 DOI: 10.3390/cells12222646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
GPR55 is involved in many physiological and pathological processes. In cancer, GPR55 has been described to show accelerating and decelerating effects in tumor progression resulting from distinct intracellular signaling pathways. GPR55 becomes activated by LPI and various plant-derived, endogenous, and synthetic cannabinoids. Cannabinoids such as THC exerted antitumor effects by inhibiting tumor cell proliferation or inducing apoptosis. Besides its effects through CB1 and CB2 receptors, THC modulates cellular responses among others via GPR55. Previously, we reported a reduction in Ki67-immunoreactive nuclei of human glioblastoma cells after GPR55 activation in general by THC and in particular by LPI. In the present study, we investigated intracellular mechanisms leading to an altered number of Ki67+ nuclei after stimulation of GPR55 by LPI and THC. Pharmacological analyses revealed a strongly involved PLC-IP3 signaling and cell-type-specific differences in Gα-, Gβγ-, RhoA-ROCK, and calcineurin signaling. Furthermore, immunochemical visualization of the calcineurin-dependent transcription factor NFAT revealed an unchanged subcellular localization after THC or LPI treatment. The data underline the cell-type-specific diversity of GPR55-associated signaling pathways in coupling to intracellular G proteins. Furthermore, this diversity might determine the outcome and the individual responsiveness of tumor cells to GPR55 stimulation by cannabin oids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Richard Kolbe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Grosse Steinstrasse 52, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany; (M.R.K.); (T.H.); (U.H.)
| | - Tim Hohmann
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Grosse Steinstrasse 52, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany; (M.R.K.); (T.H.); (U.H.)
| | - Urszula Hohmann
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Grosse Steinstrasse 52, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany; (M.R.K.); (T.H.); (U.H.)
| | - Erik Maronde
- Department of Anatomy II, Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
| | - Ralph Golbik
- Charles Tanford Protein Centre, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 3a, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| | - Julian Prell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (J.P.); (J.I.); (C.S.)
| | - Jörg Illert
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (J.P.); (J.I.); (C.S.)
| | - Christian Strauss
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (J.P.); (J.I.); (C.S.)
| | - Faramarz Dehghani
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Grosse Steinstrasse 52, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany; (M.R.K.); (T.H.); (U.H.)
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Granja-Galeano G, Dominguez-Rubio AP, Zappia CD, Wolfson M, Sanz-Blasco S, Aisemberg J, Zorrilla-Zubilete M, Fernandez N, Franchi A, Fitzsimons CP, Monczor F. CB1 receptor expression and signaling are required for dexamethasone-induced aversive memory consolidation. Neuropharmacology 2023; 239:109674. [PMID: 37541383 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
The molecular processes that underlie long-term memory formation involve signaling pathway activation by neurotransmitter release, which induces the expression of immediate early genes, such as Zif268, having a key role in memory formation. In this work, we show that the cannabinoid CB1 receptor signaling is necessary for the effects of dexamethasone on the behavioral response in an inhibitory avoidance task, on dexamethasone-induced ERK phosphorylation, and on dexamethasone-dependent Zif268 expression. Furthermore, we provide primary evidence for the mechanism responsible for this crosstalk between cannabinoid and glucocorticoid-mediated signaling pathways, showing that dexamethasone regulates endocannabinoid metabolism by inhibiting the activity of the Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), an integral membrane enzyme that hydrolyzes endocannabinoids and related amidated signaling lipids. Our results provide novel evidence regarding the role of the endocannabinoid system, and in particular of the CB1 receptor, as a mediator of the effects of glucocorticoids on the consolidation of aversive memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Granja-Galeano
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, 1113, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (ININFA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, 1113, Argentina
| | - Ana Paula Dominguez-Rubio
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Preñez y el Parto, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFyBO-UBA/CONICET). Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C Daniel Zappia
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, 1113, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (ININFA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, 1113, Argentina
| | - Manuel Wolfson
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Preñez y el Parto, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFyBO-UBA/CONICET). Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sara Sanz-Blasco
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (ININFA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, 1113, Argentina
| | - Julieta Aisemberg
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Preñez y el Parto, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFyBO-UBA/CONICET). Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Zorrilla-Zubilete
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Preñez y el Parto, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFyBO-UBA/CONICET). Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Fernandez
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, 1113, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (ININFA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, 1113, Argentina
| | - Ana Franchi
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Preñez y el Parto, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFyBO-UBA/CONICET). Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos P Fitzsimons
- Center for Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Federico Monczor
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, 1113, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (ININFA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, 1113, Argentina.
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Korkus E, Szustak M, Madaj R, Chworos A, Drzazga A, Koziołkiewicz M, Dąbrowski G, Czaplicki S, Konopka I, Gendaszewska-Darmach E. Trans-palmitoleic acid, a dairy fat biomarker, stimulates insulin secretion and activates G protein-coupled receptors with a different mechanism from the cis isomer. Food Funct 2023. [PMID: 37368452 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03412c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Dietary trans-palmitoleic acid (trans 16:1n-7, tPOA), a biomarker for high-fat dairy product intake, has been associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in some cross-sectional and prospective epidemiological studies. Here, we investigated the insulin secretion-promoting activity of tPOA and compared them with the effects evoked by the cis-POA isomer (cPOA), an endogenous lipokine biosynthesized in the liver and adipose tissue, and found in some natural food sources. The debate about the positive and negative relationships of those two POA isomers with metabolic risk factors and the underlying mechanisms is still going on. Therefore, we examined the potency of both POA isomers to potentiate insulin secretion in murine and human pancreatic β cell lines. We also investigated whether POA isomers activate G protein-coupled receptors proposed as potential targets for T2DM treatment. We show that tPOA and cPOA augment glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) to a similar extent; however, their insulin secretagogue activity is associated with different signaling pathways. We also performed ligand docking and molecular dynamics simulations to predict the preferred orientation of POA isomers and the strength of association between those two fatty acids and GPR40, GPR55, GPR119, and GPR120 receptors. Overall, this study provides insight into the bioactivity of tPOA and cPOA toward selected GPCR functions, indicating them as targets responsible for the insulin secretagogue action of POA isomers. It reveals that both tPOA and cPOA may promote insulin secretion and subsequently regulate glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Korkus
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Marcin Szustak
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Rafal Madaj
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza, 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biology, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Chworos
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza, 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Drzazga
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Maria Koziołkiewicz
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Dąbrowski
- Faculty of Food Sciences, Chair of Plant Food Chemistry and Processing, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Pl. Cieszyński 1, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Sylwester Czaplicki
- Faculty of Food Sciences, Chair of Plant Food Chemistry and Processing, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Pl. Cieszyński 1, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Iwona Konopka
- Faculty of Food Sciences, Chair of Plant Food Chemistry and Processing, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Pl. Cieszyński 1, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Edyta Gendaszewska-Darmach
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537 Lodz, Poland.
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The Mechanisms of GPR55 Receptor Functional Selectivity during Apoptosis and Proliferation Regulation in Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065524. [PMID: 36982628 PMCID: PMC10054013 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
GPR55 is a non-canonical cannabinoid receptor, important for cancer proliferation. Depending on the ligand, it induces either cell proliferation or death. The objective of the study was to establish the mechanisms of this multidirectional signaling. Using the CRISPR-Cas9 system, the GPR55, CB1, CB2, and GPR18 receptor knockouts of the MDA-MB-231 line were obtained. After the CB2 receptor knockout, the pro-apoptotic activity of the pro-apoptotic ligand docosahexaenoyl dopamine (DHA-DA) slightly increased, while the pro-proliferative activity of the most active synthetic ligand of the GPR55 receptor (ML-184) completely disappeared. On the original cell line, the stimulatory effect of ML-184 was removed by the CB2 receptor blocker and by GPR55 receptor knockout. Thus, it can be confidently assumed that when proliferation is stimulated with the participation of the GPR55 receptor, a signal is transmitted from the CB2 receptor to the GPR55 receptor due to the formation of a heterodimer. GPR18 was additionally involved in the implementation of the pro-apoptotic effect of DHA-DA, while the CB1 receptor is not involved. In the implementation of the pro-apoptotic action of DHA-DA, the elimination of Gα13 led to a decrease in cytotoxicity. The obtained data provide novel details to the mechanism of the pro-proliferative action of GPR55.
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GPCR in Adipose Tissue Function-Focus on Lipolysis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020588. [PMID: 36831123 PMCID: PMC9953751 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue can be divided anatomically, histologically, and functionally into two major entities white and brown adipose tissues (WAT and BAT, respectively). WAT is the primary energy depot, storing most of the bioavailable triacylglycerol molecules of the body, whereas BAT is designed for dissipating energy in the form of heat, a process also known as non-shivering thermogenesis as a defense against a cold environment. Importantly, BAT-dependent energy dissipation directly correlates with cardiometabolic health and has been postulated as an intriguing target for anti-obesity therapies. In general, adipose tissue (AT) lipid content is defined by lipid uptake and lipogenesis on one side, and, on the other side, it is defined by the breakdown of lipids and the release of fatty acids by lipolysis. The equilibrium between lipogenesis and lipolysis is important for adipocyte and general metabolic homeostasis. Overloading adipocytes with lipids causes cell stress, leading to the recruitment of immune cells and adipose tissue inflammation, which can affect the whole organism (metaflammation). The most important consequence of energy and lipid overload is obesity and associated pathophysiologies, including insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. The fate of lipolysis products (fatty acids and glycerol) largely differs between AT: WAT releases fatty acids into the blood to deliver energy to other tissues (e.g., muscle). Activation of BAT, instead, liberates fatty acids that are used within brown adipocyte mitochondria for thermogenesis. The enzymes involved in lipolysis are tightly regulated by the second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), which is activated or inhibited by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that interact with heterotrimeric G proteins (G proteins). Thus, GPCRs are the upstream regulators of the equilibrium between lipogenesis and lipolysis. Moreover, GPCRs are of special pharmacological interest because about one third of the approved drugs target GPCRs. Here, we will discuss the effects of some of most studied as well as "novel" GPCRs and their ligands. We will review different facets of in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies, obtained with both pharmacological and genetic approaches. Finally, we will report some possible therapeutic strategies to treat obesity employing GPCRs as primary target.
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10
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Pérez R, Glaser T, Villegas C, Burgos V, Ulrich H, Paz C. Therapeutic Effects of Cannabinoids and Their Applications in COVID-19 Treatment. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12122117. [PMID: 36556483 PMCID: PMC9784976 DOI: 10.3390/life12122117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cannabis sativa is one of the first medicinal plants used by humans. Its medical use remains controversial because it is a psychotropic drug whose use has been banned. Recently, however, some countries have approved its use, including for recreational and medical purposes, and have allowed the scientific study of its compounds. Cannabis is characterized by the production of special types of natural products called phytocannabinoids that are synthesized exclusively by this genus. Phytocannabinoids and endocannabinoids are chemically different, but both pharmacologically modulate CB1, CB2, GRP55, GRP119 and TRPV1 receptor activities, involving activities such as memory, sleep, mood, appetite and motor regulation, pain sensation, neuroinflammation, neurogenesis and apoptosis. Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) are phytocannabinoids with greater pharmacological potential, including anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and anticonvulsant activities. Cannabidiol is showing promising results for the treatment of COVID-19, due to its capability of acting on the unleashed cytokine storm, on the proteins necessary for both virus entry and replication and on the neurological consequences of patients who have been infected by the virus. Here, we summarize the latest knowledge regarding the advantages of using cannabinoids in the treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Pérez
- Laboratory of Natural Products & Drug Discovery, Center CEBIM, Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Talita Glaser
- Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Cecilia Villegas
- Laboratory of Natural Products & Drug Discovery, Center CEBIM, Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Viviana Burgos
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomas, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: (H.U.); (C.P.); Tel.: +55-11-97277-6344 (H.U.); +56-45-259-2825 (C.P.)
| | - Cristian Paz
- Laboratory of Natural Products & Drug Discovery, Center CEBIM, Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Correspondence: (H.U.); (C.P.); Tel.: +55-11-97277-6344 (H.U.); +56-45-259-2825 (C.P.)
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11
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Sánchez-Zavaleta R, Ávalos-Fuentes JA, González-Hernández AV, Recillas-Morales S, Paz-Bermúdez FJ, Leyva-Gómez G, Cortés H, Florán B. Presynaptic nigral GPR55 receptors stimulate [ 3 H]-GABA release through [ 3 H]-cAMP production and PKA activation and promote motor behavior. Synapse 2022; 76:e22246. [PMID: 35831708 DOI: 10.1002/syn.22246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Striatal medium-sized spiny neurons express mRNA and protein of GPR55 receptors that stimulate neurotransmitter release; thus, GPR55 could be sent to nigral striatal projections, where it might modulate GABA release and motor behavior. Here we study the presence of GPR55 receptors at striato-nigral terminals, their modulation of GABA release, their signaling pathway, and their effect on motor activity. By double immunohistochemistry, we found the colocation of GPR55 protein and substance P in the dorsal striatum. In slices of the rat substantia nigra, the GPR55 agonists LPI and O-1602 stimulated [3 H]-GABA release induced by high K+ depolarization in a dose-dependent manner. The antagonists CID16020046 and cannabidiol prevented agonist stimulation in a dose-dependent way. The effect of GPR55 on nigral [3 H]-GABA release was prevented by lesion of the striatum with kainic acid, which was accompanied by a decrement of GPR55 protein in nigral synaptosomes, indicating the presynaptic location of receptors. The depletion of internal Ca2+ stores with thapsigargin did not prevent the effect of LPI on [3 H]-GABA release, but the remotion or chelation of external calcium did. Blockade of Gi, Gs, PLC, PKC, or dopamine D1 receptor signaling proteins did not prevent the effect of GPR55 on release. However, the activation of GPR55 stimulated [3 H]-cAMP accumulation and PKA activity. Intranigral unilateral injection of LPI induces contralateral turning. This turning was prevented by CID16020046, cannabidiol, and bicuculline but not by SCH 23390. Our data indicate that presynaptic GPR55 receptors stimulate [3 H]-GABA release at striato-nigral terminals through [3 H]-cAMP production and stimulate motor behavior. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Sánchez-Zavaleta
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias. Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México
| | - José Arturo Ávalos-Fuentes
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias. Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México
| | - Antonio Valentín González-Hernández
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias. Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México
| | | | - Francisco Javier Paz-Bermúdez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias. Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México
| | - Gerardo Leyva-Gómez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Hernán Cortés
- Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Departamento de Genética, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Benjamín Florán
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias. Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México
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12
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Ceni C, Benko MJ, Mohamed KA, Poli G, Di Stefano M, Tuccinardi T, Digiacomo M, Valoti M, Laprairie RB, Macchia M, Bertini S. Novel Potent and Selective Agonists of the GPR55 Receptor Based on the 3-Benzylquinolin-2(1H)-One Scaffold. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15070768. [PMID: 35890067 PMCID: PMC9320067 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence underlines the crucial role of GPR55 in physiological and pathological conditions. In fact, GPR55 has recently emerged as a therapeutic target for several diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative and metabolic disorders. Several lines of evidence highlight GPR55′s involvement in the regulation of microglia-mediated neuroinflammation, although the exact molecular mechanism has not been yet elucidated. Nevertheless, there are only a limited number of selective GPR55 ligands reported in the literature. In this work, we designed and synthesized a series of novel GPR55 ligands based on the 3-benzylquinolin-2(1H)-one scaffold, some of which showed excellent binding properties (with Ki values in the low nanomolar range) and almost complete selectivity over cannabinoid receptors. The full agonist profile of all the new derivatives was assessed using the p-ERK activation assay and a computational study was conducted to predict the key interactions with the binding site of the receptor. Our data outline a preliminary structure–activity relationship (SAR) for this class of molecules at GPR55. Some of our compounds are among the most potent GPR55 agonists developed to date and could be useful as tools to validate this receptor as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costanza Ceni
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Doctoral School in Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Michael J Benko
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Kawthar A Mohamed
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Giulio Poli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Miriana Di Stefano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Doctoral School in Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Tiziano Tuccinardi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Digiacomo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Massimo Valoti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Robert B Laprairie
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Marco Macchia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Simone Bertini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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13
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Angelidi AM, Belanger MJ, Kokkinos A, Koliaki CC, Mantzoros CS. Novel Noninvasive Approaches to the Treatment of Obesity: From Pharmacotherapy to Gene Therapy. Endocr Rev 2022; 43:507-557. [PMID: 35552683 PMCID: PMC9113190 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnab034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent insights into the pathophysiologic underlying mechanisms of obesity have led to the discovery of several promising drug targets and novel therapeutic strategies to address the global obesity epidemic and its comorbidities. Current pharmacologic options for obesity management are largely limited in number and of modest efficacy/safety profile. Therefore, the need for safe and more efficacious new agents is urgent. Drugs that are currently under investigation modulate targets across a broad range of systems and tissues, including the central nervous system, gastrointestinal hormones, adipose tissue, kidney, liver, and skeletal muscle. Beyond pharmacotherapeutics, other potential antiobesity strategies are being explored, including novel drug delivery systems, vaccines, modulation of the gut microbiome, and gene therapy. The present review summarizes the pathophysiology of energy homeostasis and highlights pathways being explored in the effort to develop novel antiobesity medications and interventions but does not cover devices and bariatric methods. Emerging pharmacologic agents and alternative approaches targeting these pathways and relevant research in both animals and humans are presented in detail. Special emphasis is given to treatment options at the end of the development pipeline and closer to the clinic (ie, compounds that have a higher chance to be added to our therapeutic armamentarium in the near future). Ultimately, advancements in our understanding of the pathophysiology and interindividual variation of obesity may lead to multimodal and personalized approaches to obesity treatment that will result in safe, effective, and sustainable weight loss until the root causes of the problem are identified and addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki M Angelidi
- Section of Endocrinology, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew J Belanger
- Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander Kokkinos
- First Department of Propaedeutic Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Chrysi C Koliaki
- First Department of Propaedeutic Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Section of Endocrinology, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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14
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Calvillo-Robledo A, Cervantes-Villagrana RD, Morales P, Marichal-Cancino BA. The oncogenic lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI)/GPR55 signaling. Life Sci 2022; 301:120596. [PMID: 35500681 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
GPR55 is a class A orphan G protein-coupled receptor that has drawn important therapeutic attention in the last decade because of its role in pathophysiological processes including vascular functions, metabolic dysfunction, neurodegenerative disorders, or bone turnover among others. Several cannabinoids of phytogenic, endogenous, and synthetic nature have shown to modulate this receptor leading to propose it as a member of the endocannabinoid system. The putative endogenous GPR55 ligand is L-α-lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) and it has been associated with several processes that control cell survival and tumor progression. The relevance of GPR55 in cancer is currently being extensively studied in vitro and in vivo using diverse cancer models. The LPI/GPR55 axis has been reported to participate in pro-oncogenic processes including cellular proliferation, differentiation, migration, invasion, and metastasis being altered in several cancer cells via G12/13 and Gq signaling. Moreover, GRP55 and its bioactive lipid have been proposed as potential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. Indeed, GPR55 overexpression or high expression has been shown to correlate with cancer aggressiveness in specific tumors including acute myeloid leukemia, uveal melanoma, low grade glioma and renal cancer. This review aims to analyze and summarize current evidence on the cancerogenic role of the LPI/GPR55 axis providing a critical view of the therapeutic prospects of this promising target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argelia Calvillo-Robledo
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Ciudad Universitaria, 20131 Aguascalientes, Ags., Mexico
| | | | - Paula Morales
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Bruno A Marichal-Cancino
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Ciudad Universitaria, 20131 Aguascalientes, Ags., Mexico.
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15
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Aloufi N, Namkung Y, Traboulsi H, Wilson ET, Laporte SA, Kaplan BLF, Ross MK, Nair P, Eidelman DH, Baglole CJ. Standardized Cannabis Smoke Extract Induces Inflammation in Human Lung Fibroblasts. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:852029. [PMID: 35418857 PMCID: PMC8996138 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.852029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabis (marijuana) is the most commonly used illicit product in the world and is the second most smoked plant after tobacco. There has been a rapid increase in the number of countries legalizing cannabis for both recreational and medicinal purposes. Smoking cannabis in the form of a joint is the most common mode of cannabis consumption. Combustion of cannabis smoke generates many of the same chemicals as tobacco smoke. Although the impact of tobacco smoke on respiratory health is well-known, the consequence of cannabis smoke on the respiratory system and, in particular, the inflammatory response is unclear. Besides the combustion products present in cannabis smoke, cannabis also contains cannabinoids including Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). These compounds are hydrophobic and not present in aqueous solutions. In order to understand the impact of cannabis smoke on pathological mechanisms associated with adverse respiratory outcomes, the development of in vitro surrogates of cannabis smoke exposure is needed. Therefore, we developed a standardized protocol for the generation of cannabis smoke extract (CaSE) to investigate its effect on cellular mechanisms in vitro. First, we determined the concentration of Δ9-THC, one of the major cannabinoids, by ELISA and found that addition of methanol to the cell culture media during generation of the aqueous smoke extract significantly increased the amount of Δ9-THC. We also observed by LC-MS/MS that CaSE preparation with methanol contains CBD. Using a functional assay in cells for CB1 receptors, the major target of cannabinoids, we found that this CaSE contains Δ9-THC which activates CB1 receptors. Finally, this standardized preparation of CaSE induces an inflammatory response in human lung fibroblasts. This study provides an optimized protocol for aqueous CaSE preparation containing biologically active cannabinoids that can be used for in vitro experimentation of cannabis smoke and its potential impact on various indices of pulmonary health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noof Aloufi
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program at the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Applied Medical Science, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yoon Namkung
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Hussein Traboulsi
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program at the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Emily T Wilson
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program at the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stephane A Laporte
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Barbara L F Kaplan
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, United States
| | - Matthew K Ross
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, United States
| | - Parameswaran Nair
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University and St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - David H Eidelman
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program at the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Carolyn J Baglole
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program at the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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16
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Deprogramming metabolism in pancreatic cancer with a bi-functional GPR55 inhibitor and biased β2 adrenergic agonist. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3618. [PMID: 35256673 PMCID: PMC8901637 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07600-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming contributes to oncogenesis, tumor growth, and treatment resistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Here we report the effects of (R,S′)-4′-methoxy-1-naphthylfenoterol (MNF), a GPR55 antagonist and biased β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) agonist on cellular signaling implicated in proliferation and metabolism in PDAC cells. The relative contribution of GPR55 and β2-AR in (R,S′)-MNF signaling was explored further in PANC-1 cells. Moreover, the effect of (R,S′)-MNF on tumor growth was determined in a PANC-1 mouse xenograft model. PANC-1 cells treated with (R,S′)-MNF showed marked attenuation in GPR55 signal transduction and function combined with increased β2-AR/Gαs/adenylyl cyclase/PKA signaling, both of which contributing to lower MEK/ERK, PI3K/AKT and YAP/TAZ signaling. (R,S′)-MNF administration significantly reduced PANC-1 tumor growth and circulating l-lactate concentrations. Global metabolic profiling of (R,S′)-MNF-treated tumor tissues revealed decreased glycolytic metabolism, with a shift towards normoxic processes, attenuated glutamate metabolism, and increased levels of ophthalmic acid and its precursor, 2-aminobutyric acid, indicative of elevated oxidative stress. Transcriptomics and immunoblot analyses indicated the downregulation of gene and protein expression of HIF-1α and c-Myc, key initiators of metabolic reprogramming in PDAC. (R,S′)-MNF treatment decreased HIF-1α and c-Myc expression, attenuated glycolysis, shifted fatty acid metabolism towards β-oxidation, and suppressed de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis in PANC-1 tumors. The results indicate a potential benefit of combined GPR55 antagonism and biased β2-AR agonism in PDAC therapy associated with the deprogramming of altered cellular metabolism.
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17
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Functional Selectivity of Coumarin Derivates Acting via GPR55 in Neuroinflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020959. [PMID: 35055142 PMCID: PMC8779649 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-neuroinflammatory treatment has gained importance in the search for pharmacological treatments of different neurological and psychiatric diseases, such as depression, schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease. Clinical studies demonstrate a reduction of the mentioned diseases’ symptoms after the administration of anti-inflammatory drugs. Novel coumarin derivates have been shown to elicit anti-neuroinflammatory effects via G-protein coupled receptor GPR55, with possibly reduced side-effects compared to the known anti-inflammatory drugs. In this study, we, therefore, evaluated the anti-inflammatory capacities of the two novel coumarin-based compounds, KIT C and KIT H, in human neuroblastoma cells and primary murine microglia. Both compounds reduced PGE2-concentrations likely via the inhibition of COX-2 synthesis in SK-N-SH cells but only KIT C decreased PGE2-levels in primary microglia. The examination of other pro- and anti-inflammatory parameters showed varying effects of both compounds. Therefore, the differences in the effects of KIT C and KIT H might be explained by functional selectivity as well as tissue- or cell-dependent expression and signal pathways coupled to GPR55. Understanding the role of chemical residues in functional selectivity and specific cell- and tissue-targeting might open new therapeutic options in pharmacological drug development and might improve the treatment of the mentioned diseases by intervening in an early step of their pathogenesis.
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18
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van den Hoogen NJ, Harding EK, Davidson CED, Trang T. Cannabinoids in Chronic Pain: Therapeutic Potential Through Microglia Modulation. Front Neural Circuits 2022; 15:816747. [PMID: 35069129 PMCID: PMC8777271 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.816747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is a complex sensory, cognitive, and emotional experience that imposes a great personal, psychological, and socioeconomic burden on patients. An estimated 1.5 billion people worldwide are afflicted with chronic pain, which is often difficult to treat and may be resistant to the potent pain-relieving effects of opioid analgesics. Attention has therefore focused on advancing new pain therapies directed at the cannabinoid system because of its key role in pain modulation. Endocannabinoids and exogenous cannabinoids exert their actions primarily through Gi/o-protein coupled cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors expressed throughout the nervous system. CB1 receptors are found at key nodes along the pain pathway and their activity gates both the sensory and affective components of pain. CB2 receptors are typically expressed at low levels on microglia, astrocytes, and peripheral immune cells. In chronic pain states, there is a marked increase in CB2 expression which modulates the activity of these central and peripheral immune cells with important consequences for the surrounding pain circuitry. Growing evidence indicate that interventions targeting CB1 or CB2 receptors improve pain outcomes in a variety of preclinical pain models. In this mini-review, we will highlight recent advances in understanding how cannabinoids modulate microglia function and its implications for cannabinoid-mediated analgesia, focusing on microglia-neuron interactions within the spinal nociceptive circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nynke J. van den Hoogen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Erika K. Harding
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Chloé E. D. Davidson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Tuan Trang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Tuan Trang
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19
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Lian J, Casari I, Falasca M. Modulatory role of the endocannabinoidome in the pathophysiology of the gastrointestinal tract. Pharmacol Res 2021; 175:106025. [PMID: 34883211 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.106025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Originating from Eastern Asia, the plant Cannabis sativa has been used for centuries as a medicinal treatment. The unwanted psychotropic effects of one of its major components, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, discouraged its therapeutic employment until, recently, the discovery of cannabinoids receptors and their endogenous ligands endocannabinoids reignited the interest. The endocannabinoid system has lately been found to play an important role in the maintenance of human health, both centrally and peripherally. However, the initial idea of the endocannabinoid system structure has been quickly understood to be too simplistic and, as new receptors, mediators, and enzymes have been discovered to participate in a complex relationship, the new, more comprehensive term "expanded endocannabinoid system" or "endocannabinoidome", has taken over. The discovery of other endocannabinoid-like receptors, such as the G protein-coupled receptor 119 and G protein-coupled receptor 55, has opened the way to the development of potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of various metabolic disorders. In addition, recent findings have also provided evidence suggesting the potential therapeutic link between the endocannabinoidome and various inflammatory-based gut diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease and cancer. This review will provide an introduction to the endocannabinoidome, focusing on its modulatory role in the gastrointestinal tract and on the interest generated by the link between gut microbiota, the endocannabinoid system and metabolic diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, type-2 diabetes and obesity. In addition, we will look at the potential novel aspects and benefits of drugs targeting the endocannabinoid system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Lian
- Metabolic Signalling Group, Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Ilaria Casari
- Metabolic Signalling Group, Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Marco Falasca
- Metabolic Signalling Group, Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia.
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20
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Iozzo M, Sgrignani G, Comito G, Chiarugi P, Giannoni E. Endocannabinoid System and Tumour Microenvironment: New Intertwined Connections for Anticancer Approaches. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123396. [PMID: 34943903 PMCID: PMC8699381 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumour microenvironment (TME) is now recognised as a hallmark of cancer, since tumour:stroma crosstalk supports the key steps of tumour growth and progression. The dynamic co-evolution of the tumour and stromal compartments may alter the surrounding microenvironment, including the composition in metabolites and signalling mediators. A growing number of evidence reports the involvement of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in cancer. ECS is composed by a complex network of ligands, receptors, and enzymes, which act in synergy and contribute to several physiological but also pathological processes. Several in vitro and in vivo evidence show that ECS deregulation in cancer cells affects proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, and metastatic potential. Although it is still an evolving research, recent experimental evidence also suggests that ECS can modulate the functional behaviour of several components of the TME, above all the immune cells, endothelial cells and stromal components. However, the role of ECS in the tumour:stroma interplay remains unclear and research in this area is particularly intriguing. This review aims to shed light on the latest relevant findings of the tumour response to ECS modulation, encouraging a more in-depth analysis in this field. Novel discoveries could be promising for novel anti-tumour approaches, targeting the microenvironmental components and the supportive tumour:stroma crosstalk, thereby hindering tumour development.
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21
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Vázquez-León P, Miranda-Páez A, Calvillo-Robledo A, Marichal-Cancino BA. Blockade of GPR55 in dorsal periaqueductal gray produces anxiety-like behaviors and evocates defensive aggressive responses in alcohol-pre-exposed rats. Neurosci Lett 2021; 764:136218. [PMID: 34487839 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
GPR55 is a receptor expressed in several central nervous system areas, including the periaqueductal gray (PAG). Current knowledge of GPR55 physiology in PAG only covers pain integration, but it is involved in other actions such as anxiety, panic, motivated behaviors, and alcohol intake. In the present study, juvenile male Wistar rats were unexposed (alcohol-naïve group; A-naïve) or exposed to alcohol for 5 weeks (alcohol-pre-exposed group; A-pre-exposed). Posteriorly, animals received intra dorsal-PAG (D-PAG) injections of vehicle (10% DMSO), LPI (1 nmol/0.5 µl) and ML-193 (1 nmol/0.5 µl, a selective GPR55 antagonist). Finally, defensive burying behavior (DBB) paradigm and alcohol preference were evaluated. Compared to the A-naïve group, the A-pre-exposed vehicle group had higher (p < 0.05): (i) time of immobility; (ii) latency to and duration of burying; and (iii) alcohol consumption. In both groups (i.e., A-naïve and A-pre-exposed) treatment with LPI: (i) decreased duration of burying (p < 0.05); (ii) suppressed time of immobility; and (iii) increased alcohol intake (p < 0.05). On the other hand, treatment with ML-193: (i) decreased duration of immobility in A-pre-exposed (but not in A-naïve rats); (ii) promoted an aggressive response against the shock-probe in A-pre-exposed rats (p < 0.05); and (iii) increased alcohol intake (p < 0.05). Our results suggest that blockade of GPR55 in D-PAG is associated with anxiety-like behaviors, defensive aggressive behaviors, and higher alcohol intake, whereas LPI in D-PAG produced anxiolytic-like effects (probably GPR55-mediated), but not prevention of alcohol intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Vázquez-León
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Ciudad Universitaria, 20131 Aguascalientes, Ags., Mexico
| | - Abraham Miranda-Páez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Wilfrido Massieu esq. Manuel Stampa s/n Col. Nueva Industrial Vallejo CP: 07738 Alc. Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Argelia Calvillo-Robledo
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Ciudad Universitaria, 20131 Aguascalientes, Ags., Mexico
| | - Bruno A Marichal-Cancino
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Ciudad Universitaria, 20131 Aguascalientes, Ags., Mexico.
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22
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Biringer RG. Endocannabinoid signaling pathways: beyond CB1R and CB2R. J Cell Commun Signal 2021; 15:335-360. [PMID: 33978927 PMCID: PMC8222499 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-021-00622-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for cannabinoid receptors other than CB1R and CB2R has been ongoing for over a decade. A number of orphan receptors have been proposed as potential cannabinoid receptors primarily based on phylogenic arguments and reactivity towards known endocannabinoids and phytocannabinoids. Seven putative cannabinoid receptors are described and discussed, and evidence for and against their inclusion in this category are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Gregory Biringer
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, 34211, USA.
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23
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Ayakannu T, Taylor AH, Konje JC. Expression of the putative cannabinoid receptor GPR55 is increased in endometrial carcinoma. Histochem Cell Biol 2021; 156:449-460. [PMID: 34324032 PMCID: PMC8604869 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-021-02018-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Although the expression of the putative cannabinoid receptor GPR55 has been shown to be involved in the growth of various tumours and is increased in a number of cancers, its expression has not been examined in patients with endometrial cancer (EC). Quantitative RT-PCR (for mRNA levels) and immunohistochemistry (for protein levels) were used to measure GPR55 expression in patients with Type 1 and Type 2 EC and correlated against cannabinoid receptor (CB1 and CB2) protein levels using non-cancerous endometrium as the control tissue. The data indicated that GPR55 transcript and GPR55 protein levels were significantly (p < 0.002 and p < 0.0001, respectively) higher in EC tissues than in control tissues. The levels of immunoreactive GPR55 protein were correlated with GPR55 transcript levels, but not with the expression of CB1 receptor protein, and were inversely correlated with CB2 protein expression, which was significantly decreased. It can be concluded that GPR55 expression is elevated in women with EC, and thus could provide a potential novel biomarker and therapeutic target for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangesweran Ayakannu
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Gynaecology Oncology Centre, Liverpool Women's Hospital, Liverpool Women's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK.,Endocannabinoid Research Group, Reproductive Sciences Section, Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Anthony H Taylor
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Reproductive Sciences Section, Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK. .,Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, George Davies Centre for Medicine, University Road, Leicester, LE2 7RH, Leicestershire, UK.
| | - Justin C Konje
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Reproductive Sciences Section, Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.,Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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24
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Vázquez-León P, Miranda-Páez A, Chávez-Reyes J, Allende G, Barragán-Iglesias P, Marichal-Cancino BA. The Periaqueductal Gray and Its Extended Participation in Drug Addiction Phenomena. Neurosci Bull 2021; 37:1493-1509. [PMID: 34302618 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-021-00756-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The periaqueductal gray (PAG) is a complex mesencephalic structure involved in the integration and execution of active and passive self-protective behaviors against imminent threats, such as immobility or flight from a predator. PAG activity is also associated with the integration of responses against physical discomfort (e.g., anxiety, fear, pain, and disgust) which occurs prior an imminent attack, but also during withdrawal from drugs such as morphine and cocaine. The PAG sends and receives projections to and from other well-documented nuclei linked to the phenomenon of drug addiction including: (i) the ventral tegmental area; (ii) extended amygdala; (iii) medial prefrontal cortex; (iv) pontine nucleus; (v) bed nucleus of the stria terminalis; and (vi) hypothalamus. Preclinical models have suggested that the PAG contributes to the modulation of anxiety, fear, and nociception (all of which may produce physical discomfort) linked with chronic exposure to drugs of abuse. Withdrawal produced by the major pharmacological classes of drugs of abuse is mediated through actions that include participation of the PAG. In support of this, there is evidence of functional, pharmacological, molecular. And/or genetic alterations in the PAG during the impulsive/compulsive intake or withdrawal from a drug. Due to its small size, it is difficult to assess the anatomical participation of the PAG when using classical neuroimaging techniques, so its physiopathology in drug addiction has been underestimated and poorly documented. In this theoretical review, we discuss the involvement of the PAG in drug addiction mainly via its role as an integrator of responses to the physical discomfort associated with drug withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Vázquez-León
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Ciudad Universitaria, 20131, Aguascalientes, Ags., Mexico
| | - Abraham Miranda-Páez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Wilfrido Massieu esq. Manuel Stampa s/n Col. Nueva Industrial Vallejo, 07738, Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jesús Chávez-Reyes
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Ciudad Universitaria, 20131, Aguascalientes, Ags., Mexico
| | - Gonzalo Allende
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Ciudad Universitaria, 20131, Aguascalientes, Ags., Mexico
| | - Paulino Barragán-Iglesias
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Ciudad Universitaria, 20131, Aguascalientes, Ags., Mexico.
| | - Bruno A Marichal-Cancino
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Ciudad Universitaria, 20131, Aguascalientes, Ags., Mexico.
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25
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Li X, Hanafusa K, Kage M, Yokoyama N, Nakayama H, Hotta T, Oshima E, Kano K, Matsuo I, Nagatsuka Y, Takamori K, Ogawa H, Hirabayashi Y, Iwabuchi K. Lysophosphatidylglucoside is a GPR55 -mediated chemotactic molecule for human monocytes and macrophages. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 569:86-92. [PMID: 34237432 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.06.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils undergo spontaneous apoptosis within 24-48 h after leaving bone marrow. Apoptotic neutrophils are subsequently phagocytosed and cleared by macrophages, thereby maintaining neutrophil homeostasis. Previous studies have demonstrated involvement of lysophosphatidylglucoside (lysoPtdGlc), a degradation product of PtdGlc, in modality-specific repulsive guidance of spinal sensory axons, via its specific receptor GPR55. In the present study, using human monocytic cell line THP-1 as a model, we demonstrated that lysoPtdGlc induces monocyte/macrophage migration with typical bell-haped curve and a peak at concentration 10-9 M. Lysophosphatidylinositol (lysoPtdIns), a known GPR55 ligand, induced migration at higher concentration (10-7 M). LysoPtdGlc-treated cells had a polarized shape, whereas lysoPtdIns-treated cells had a spherical shape. In EZ-TAXIScan (chemotaxis) assay, lysoPtdGlc induced chemotactic migration activity of THP-1 cells, while lysoPtdIns induced random migration activity. GPR55 antagonist ML193 inhibited lysoPtdGlc-induced THP-1 cell migration, whereas lysoPtdIns-induced migration was inhibited by CB2-receptor inverse agonist. SiRNA experiments showed that GPR55 mediated lysoPtdGlc-induced migration, while lysoPtdIns-induced migration was mediated by CB2 receptor. Our findings, taken together, suggest that lysoPtdGlc functions as a chemotactic molecule for human monocytes/macrophages via GPR55 receptor, while lysoPtdIns induces random migration activity via CB2 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojia Li
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0021, Japan
| | - Kei Hanafusa
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0021, Japan
| | - Madoka Kage
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0021, Japan
| | - Noriko Yokoyama
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0021, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nakayama
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0021, Japan; Infection Control Nursing, Juntendo University Graduate School of Health Care and Nursing, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0023, Japan
| | - Tomomi Hotta
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0021, Japan
| | - Eriko Oshima
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0021, Japan
| | - Koki Kano
- Division of Molecular Science, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Ichiro Matsuo
- Division of Molecular Science, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Yasuko Nagatsuka
- Cellular Informatics Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kenji Takamori
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0021, Japan
| | - Hideoki Ogawa
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0021, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hirabayashi
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0021, Japan; Cellular Informatics Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Iwabuchi
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0021, Japan; Infection Control Nursing, Juntendo University Graduate School of Health Care and Nursing, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0023, Japan.
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26
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Bang G, Ghil S. BRET analysis reveals interaction between the lysophosphatidic acid receptor LPA2 and the lysophosphatidylinositol receptor GPR55 in live cells. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:1806-1818. [PMID: 33959968 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and lysophosphatidylinositol bind to the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) LPA and GPR55, respectively. LPA2 , a type 2 LPA receptor, and GPR55 are highly expressed in colon cancer and involved in cancer progression. However, crosstalk between the two receptors and potential effects on cellular physiology are not fully understood. Here, using BRET analysis, we found that LPA2 and GPR55 interact in live cells. In the presence of both receptors, LPA2 and/or GPR55 activation facilitated co-internalization, and activation of GPR55, uncoupled with Gαi , induced reduction of intracellular cAMP. Notably, co-activation of receptors synergistically triggered further decline in the cAMP level, promoted cell proliferation, and increased the expression of cancer progression-related genes, suggesting that physical and functional crosstalk between LPA2 and GRR55 is involved in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwantae Bang
- Department of Life Science, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sungho Ghil
- Department of Life Science, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Korea
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27
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Mosca MG, Mangini M, Cioffi S, Barba P, Mariggiò S. Peptide targeting of lysophosphatidylinositol-sensing GPR55 for osteoclastogenesis tuning. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:48. [PMID: 33902596 PMCID: PMC8073907 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00727-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The G-protein-coupled receptor GPR55 has been implicated in multiple biological activities, which has fuelled interest in its functional targeting. Its controversial pharmacology and often species-dependent regulation have impacted upon the potential translation of preclinical data involving GPR55. RESULTS With the aim to identify novel GPR55 regulators, we have investigated lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI)-induced GPR55-mediated signal transduction. The expression system for wild-type and mutated GPR55 was HeLa cells silenced for their endogenous receptor by stable expression of a short-hairpin RNA specific for GPR55 5'-UTR, which allowed definition of the requirement of GPR55 Lys80 for LPI-induced MAPK activation and receptor internalisation. In RAW264.7 macrophages, GPR55 pathways were investigated by Gpr55 silencing using small-interfering RNAs, which demonstrated that LPI increased intracellular Ca2+ levels and induced actin filopodium formation through GPR55 activation. Furthermore, the LPI/GPR55 axis was shown to have an active role in osteoclastogenesis of precursor RAW264.7 cells induced by 'receptor-activator of nuclear factor kappa-β ligand' (RANKL). Indeed, this differentiation into mature osteoclasts was associated with a 14-fold increase in Gpr55 mRNA levels. Moreover, GPR55 silencing and antagonism impaired RANKL-induced transcription of the osteoclastogenesis markers: 'nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1', matrix metalloproteinase-9, cathepsin-K, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, and the calcitonin receptor, as evaluated by real-time PCR. Phage display was previously used to identify peptides that bind to GPR55. Here, the GPR55-specific peptide-P1 strongly inhibited osteoclast maturation of RAW264.7 macrophages, confirming its activity as a blocker of GPR55-mediated functions. Although osteoclast syncytium formation was not affected by pharmacological regulation of GPR55, osteoclast activity was dependent on GPR55 signalling, as shown with resorption assays on bone slices, where LPI stimulated and GPR55 antagonists inhibited bone erosion. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that GPR55 represents a target for development of novel therapeutic approaches for treatment of pathological conditions caused by osteoclast-exacerbated bone degradation, such as in osteoporosis or during establishment of bone metastases. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Mangini
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Cioffi
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Barba
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Mariggiò
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Italy. .,Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy.
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28
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Kovács KD, Novák M, Hajnal Z, Hős C, Szabó B, Székács I, Fang Y, Bonyár A, Horvath R. Label-free tracking of whole-cell response on RGD functionalized surfaces to varied flow velocities generated by fluidic rotation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 599:620-630. [PMID: 33984760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.04.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluidic flow plays important roles in colloid and interface sciences. Measuring adsorption, aggregation processes and living cell behavior under a fluidic environment with varied flow velocities in a parallel and high-throughput manner remains to be a challenging task. Here a method is introduced to monitor cell response to well-defined flow with varied velocities over an array of label-free resonant waveguide grating (RWG) based optical biosensors. The arrangement consists of a circular well with an array of biosensors at the bottom surface. By rotating the liquid over the biosensor array using a magnetic stirrer bar, flow velocities from zero to a predefined maximum can be easily established over different locations within the biosensor array as characterized in detail by numerical simulations. Cell adhesion and detachment measurements on an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide functionalized surface were performed to demonstrate i) measurements at a wide range of simultaneous flow velocities over the same interface; ii) the possibility of parallel measurements at the same flow conditions in one run; and iii) the simple tuning of the employed range of flow velocities. Our setup made it possible to analyze the magnitude and rate of cell detachment at various flow velocities in parallel and determine the critical velocity and force where cells start to detach from the RGD motif displaying biomimetic surface. Furthermore, cellular response to simultaneous mechanical (flow) and chemical stimulation was also investigated using trypsin as a model. This study opens a new possibility to investigate interface phenomena under predefined and conveniently varied flow conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Dóra Kovács
- Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, ELKH EK MFA, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Biological Physics, Eötvös University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Martin Novák
- Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, ELKH EK MFA, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Hajnal
- Microsystems Laboratory, ELKH EK MFA, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Hős
- Department of Hydrodynamic Systems, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bálint Szabó
- Department of Biological Physics, Eötvös University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Inna Székács
- Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, ELKH EK MFA, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ye Fang
- EIG New Programs, Corning Research and Development Corporation, Corning Incorporated, NY, USA
| | - Attila Bonyár
- Department of Electronics Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Robert Horvath
- Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, ELKH EK MFA, Budapest, Hungary.
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29
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Duffy SS, Hayes JP, Fiore NT, Moalem-Taylor G. The cannabinoid system and microglia in health and disease. Neuropharmacology 2021; 190:108555. [PMID: 33845074 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have yielded significant advances in our understanding of microglia, the immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS). Microglia are key players in CNS development, immune surveillance, and the maintenance of proper neuronal function throughout life. In the healthy brain, homeostatic microglia have a unique molecular signature. In neurological diseases, microglia become activated and adopt distinct transcriptomic signatures, including disease-associated microglia (DAM) implicated in neurodegenerative disorders. Homeostatic microglia synthesise the endogenous cannabinoids 2-arachidonoylglycerol and anandamide and express the cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 at constitutively low levels. Upon activation, microglia significantly increase their synthesis of endocannabinoids and upregulate their expression of CB2 receptors, which promote a protective microglial phenotype by enhancing their production of neuroprotective factors and reducing their production of pro-inflammatory factors. Here, we summarise the effects of the microglial cannabinoid system in the CNS demyelinating disease multiple sclerosis, the neurodegenerative diseases Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain, and psychiatric disorders including depression, anxiety and schizophrenia. We discuss the therapeutic potential of cannabinoids in regulating microglial activity and highlight the need to further investigate their specific microglia-dependent immunomodulatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel S Duffy
- Translational Neuroscience Facility, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Jessica P Hayes
- Translational Neuroscience Facility, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Nathan T Fiore
- Translational Neuroscience Facility, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Gila Moalem-Taylor
- Translational Neuroscience Facility, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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Effects of a Novel GPR55 Antagonist on the Arachidonic Acid Cascade in LPS-Activated Primary Microglial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052503. [PMID: 33801492 PMCID: PMC7958845 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a crucial process to maintain homeostasis in the central nervous system (CNS). However, chronic neuroinflammation is detrimental, and it is described in the pathogenesis of CNS disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and depression. This process is characterized by the activation of immune cells, mainly microglia. The role of the orphan G-protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) in inflammation has been reported in different models. However, its role in neuroinflammation in respect to the arachidonic acid (AA) cascade in activated microglia is still lacking of comprehension. Therefore, we synthesized a novel GPR55 antagonist (KIT 10, 0.1–25 µM) and tested its effects on the AA cascade in lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10 ng / mL)-treated primary rat microglia using Western blot and EIAs. We show here that KIT 10 potently prevented the release of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), reduced microsomal PGE2 synthase (mPGES-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) synthesis, and inhibited the phosphorylation of Ikappa B-alpha (IκB-α), a crucial upstream step of the inflammation-related nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. However, no effects were observed on COX-1 and -2 activities and mitogen-activated kinases (MAPK). In summary, the novel GPR55 receptor antagonist KIT 10 reduces neuroinflammatory parameters in microglia by inhibiting the COX-2/PGE2 pathway. Further experiments are necessary to better elucidate its effects and mechanisms. Nevertheless, the modulation of inflammation by GPR55 might be a new therapeutic option to treat CNS disorders with a neuroinflammatory background such as AD or depression.
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Kurtz R, Anderman MF, Shepard BD. GPCRs get fatty: the role of G protein-coupled receptor signaling in the development and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 320:G304-G318. [PMID: 33205999 PMCID: PMC8202238 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00275.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), characterized by the abnormal deposition of lipids within the liver not due to alcohol consumption, is a growing epidemic affecting over 30% of the United States population. Both simple fatty liver and its more severe counterpart, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, represent one of the most common forms of liver disease. Recently, several G protein-coupled receptors have emerged as targets for therapeutic intervention for these disorders. These include those with known hepatic function as well as those involved in global metabolic regulation. In this review, we highlight these emerging therapeutic targets, focusing on several common themes including their activation by microbial metabolites, stimulatory effect on insulin and incretin secretion, and contribution to glucose tolerance. The overlap in ligands, localization, and downstream effects of activation indicate the interdependent nature of these receptors and highlight the importance of this signaling family in the development and prevention of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Kurtz
- Department of Human Science, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Meghan F. Anderman
- Department of Human Science, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Blythe D. Shepard
- Department of Human Science, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
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Oultram JMJ, Pegler JL, Bowser TA, Ney LJ, Eamens AL, Grof CPL. Cannabis sativa: Interdisciplinary Strategies and Avenues for Medical and Commercial Progression Outside of CBD and THC. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9030234. [PMID: 33652704 PMCID: PMC7996784 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9030234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabis sativa (Cannabis) is one of the world’s most well-known, yet maligned plant species. However, significant recent research is starting to unveil the potential of Cannabis to produce secondary compounds that may offer a suite of medical benefits, elevating this unique plant species from its illicit narcotic status into a genuine biopharmaceutical. This review summarises the lengthy history of Cannabis and details the molecular pathways that underpin the production of key secondary metabolites that may confer medical efficacy. We also provide an up-to-date summary of the molecular targets and potential of the relatively unknown minor compounds offered by the Cannabis plant. Furthermore, we detail the recent advances in plant science, as well as synthetic biology, and the pharmacology surrounding Cannabis. Given the relative infancy of Cannabis research, we go on to highlight the parallels to previous research conducted in another medically relevant and versatile plant, Papaver somniferum (opium poppy), as an indicator of the possible future direction of Cannabis plant biology. Overall, this review highlights the future directions of cannabis research outside of the medical biology aspects of its well-characterised constituents and explores additional avenues for the potential improvement of the medical potential of the Cannabis plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson M. J. Oultram
- Centre for Plant Science, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (J.M.J.O.); (J.L.P.); (A.L.E.)
| | - Joseph L. Pegler
- Centre for Plant Science, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (J.M.J.O.); (J.L.P.); (A.L.E.)
| | - Timothy A. Bowser
- CannaPacific Pty Ltd., 109 Ocean Street, Dudley, NSW 2290, Australia;
| | - Luke J. Ney
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7005, Australia;
| | - Andrew L. Eamens
- Centre for Plant Science, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (J.M.J.O.); (J.L.P.); (A.L.E.)
| | - Christopher P. L. Grof
- Centre for Plant Science, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (J.M.J.O.); (J.L.P.); (A.L.E.)
- CannaPacific Pty Ltd., 109 Ocean Street, Dudley, NSW 2290, Australia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +612-4921-5858
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The effect of intra-striatal administration of GPR55 agonist (LPI) and antagonist (ML193) on sensorimotor and motor functions in a Parkinson's disease rat model. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2021; 33:15-21. [PMID: 32967746 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2020.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) is an orphan G protein-coupled receptor with various physiological functions. Recent evidence suggests that this receptor may be involved in the control of motor functions. Therefore, in the present study, we evaluated the effects of intra-striatal administration of GPR55 selective ligands in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. METHODS Experimental Parkinson was induced by unilateral intra-striatal administration of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA, 10 µg/rat). L-α-lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI, 1 and 5 µg/rat), an endogenous GPR55 agonist, and ML193 (1 and 5 µg/rat), a selective GPR55 antagonist, were injected into the striatum of 6-OHDA-lesioned rats. Motor performance and balance skills were evaluated using the accelerating rotating rod and the ledged beam tests. The sensorimotor function of the forelimbs and locomotor activity were assessed by the adhesive removal and open field tests, respectively. RESULTS 6-OHDA-lesioned rats had impaired behaviours in all tests. Intra-striatal administration of LPI in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats increased time on the rotarod, decreased latency to remove the label, with no significant effect on slip steps, and locomotor activity. Intra-striatal administration of ML193 also increased time on the rotarod, decreased latency to remove the label and slip steps in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats mostly at the dose of 1 µg/rat. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that the striatal GPR55 is involved in the control of motor functions. However, considering the similar effects of GPR55 agonist and antagonist, it may be concluded that this receptor has a modulatory role in the control of motor deficits in an experimental model of Parkinson.
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Mannekote Thippaiah S, Iyengar SS, Vinod KY. Exo- and Endo-cannabinoids in Depressive and Suicidal Behaviors. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:636228. [PMID: 33967855 PMCID: PMC8102729 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.636228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabis (marijuana) has been known to humans for thousands of years but its neurophysiological effects were sparsely understood until recently. Preclinical and clinical studies in the past two decades have indisputably supported the clinical proposition that the endocannabinoid system plays an important role in the etiopathogeneses of many neuropsychiatric disorders, including mood and addictive disorders. In this review, we discuss the existing knowledge of exo- and endo-cannabinoids, and role of the endocannabinoid system in depressive and suicidal behavior. A dysfunction in this system, located in brain regions such as prefrontal cortex and limbic structures is implicated in mood regulation, impulsivity and decision-making, may increase the risk of negative mood and cognition as well as suicidality. The literature discussed here also suggests that the endocannabinoid system may be a viable target for treatments of these neuropsychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinagesh Mannekote Thippaiah
- Valleywise Behavioral Health, Phoenix, AZ, United States.,Creighton University School of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Sloka S Iyengar
- The American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, United States
| | - K Yaragudri Vinod
- Department of Analytical Psychopharmacology, The Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States.,Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States.,Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
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Abe J, Guy AT, Ding F, Greimel P, Hirabayashi Y, Kamiguchi H, Ito Y. Systematic synthesis of novel phosphoglycolipid analogues as potential agonists of GPR55. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:8467-8473. [PMID: 33063071 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01756f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Rhodopsin-like G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) GPR55 is attracting attention as a pharmaceutical target, because of its relationship with various physiological and pathological events. Although GPR55 was initially deorphanized as a cannabinoid receptor, lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) is now widely perceived to be an endogenous ligand of GPR55. Recently, lysophosphatidyl-β-d-glucoside (LPGlc) has been found to act on GPR55 to repel dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. In this study, we designed and synthesized various LPGlc analogues having the squaryldiamide group as potential agonists of GPR55. By the axon turning assay, several analogues exhibited similar activities to that of LPGlc. These results will provide valuable information for understanding the mode of action of LPGlc and its analogues and for the discovery of potent and selective antagonists or agonists of GPR55.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpei Abe
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Adam T Guy
- RIKEN Center for Brain Research, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Feiqing Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Peter Greimel
- RIKEN Center for Brain Research, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | | | | | - Yukishige Ito
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, 560-0043, Japan and RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
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Ruz-Maldonado I, Liu B, Atanes P, Pingitore A, Huang GC, Choudhary P, Persaud SJ. The cannabinoid ligands SR141716A and AM251 enhance human and mouse islet function via GPR55-independent signalling. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:4709-4723. [PMID: 31925452 PMCID: PMC7599183 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03433-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Endocannabinoids are lipid mediators involved in the regulation of glucose homeostasis. They interact with the canonical cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2, and it is now apparent that some cannabinoid receptor ligands are also agonists at GPR55. Thus, CB1 antagonists such as SR141716A, also known as rimonabant, and AM251 act as GPR55 agonists in some cell types. The complex pharmacological properties of cannabinoids make it difficult to fully identify the relative importance of CB1 and GPR55 in the functional effects of SR141716A, and AM251. Here, we determine whether SR141716A and AM251 regulation of mouse and human islet function is through their action as GPR55 agonists. METHODS Islets isolated from Gpr55+/+ and Gpr55-/- mice and human donors were incubated in the absence or presence of 10 µM SR141716A or AM251, concentrations that are known to activate GPR55. Insulin secretion, cAMP, IP1, apoptosis and β-cell proliferation were quantified by standard techniques. RESULTS Our results provide the first evidence that SR141716A and AM251 are not GPR55 agonists in islets, as their effects are maintained in islets isolated from Gpr55-/- mice. Their signalling through Gq-coupled cascades to induce insulin secretion and human β-cell proliferation, and protect against apoptosis in vitro, indicate that they have direct beneficial effects on islet function. CONCLUSION These observations may be useful in directing development of peripherally restricted novel therapeutics that are structurally related to SR141716A and AM251, and which potentiate glucose-induced insulin secretion and stimulate β-cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Ruz-Maldonado
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Patricio Atanes
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Attilio Pingitore
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Guo Cai Huang
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Pratik Choudhary
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Shanta J Persaud
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
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Briand-Mésange F, Pons V, Allart S, Masquelier J, Chicanne G, Beton N, Payrastre B, Muccioli GG, Ausseil J, Davignon JL, Salles JP, Chap H. Glycerophosphodiesterase 3 (GDE3) is a lysophosphatidylinositol-specific ectophospholipase C acting as an endocannabinoid signaling switch. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:15767-15781. [PMID: 32917725 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocannabinoid signaling plays a regulatory role in various (neuro)biological functions. 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) is the most abundant endocannabinoid, and although its canonical biosynthetic pathway involving phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C and diacylglycerol lipase α is known, alternative pathways remain unsettled. Here, we characterize a noncanonical pathway implicating glycerophosphodiesterase 3 (GDE3, from GDPD2 gene). Human GDE3 expressed in HEK293T cell membranes catalyzed the conversion of lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) into monoacylglycerol and inositol-1-phosphate. The enzyme was equally active against 1-acyl and 2-acyl LPI. When using 2-acyl LPI, where arachidonic acid is the predominant fatty acid, LC-MS analysis identified 2-AG as the main product of LPI hydrolysis by GDE3. Furthermore, inositol-1-phosphate release into the medium occurred upon addition of LPI to intact cells, suggesting that GDE3 is actually an ecto-lysophospholipase C. In cells expressing G-protein-coupled receptor GPR55, GDE3 abolished 1-acyl LPI-induced signaling. In contrast, upon simultaneous ex-pression of GDE3 and cannabinoid receptor CB2, 2-acyl LPI evoked the same signal as that induced by 2-AG. These data strongly suggest that, in addition to degrading the GPR55 LPI ligand, GDE3 can act as a switch between GPR55 and CB2 signaling. Coincident with a major expression of both GDE3 and CB2 in the spleen, spleens from transgenic mice lacking GDE3 displayed doubling of LPI content compared with WT mice. Decreased production of 2-AG in whole spleen was also observed, supporting the in vivo relevance of our findings. These data thus open a new research avenue in the field of endocannabinoid generation and reinforce the view of GPR55 and LPI being genuine actors of the endocannabinoid system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Briand-Mésange
- Center for Physiopathology of Toulouse Purpan, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France; National Center for Scientific Research, Toulouse, France; National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Véronique Pons
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France; National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie Allart
- Center for Physiopathology of Toulouse Purpan, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France; National Center for Scientific Research, Toulouse, France; National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Julien Masquelier
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gaëtan Chicanne
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France; National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Beton
- Center for Physiopathology of Toulouse Purpan, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France; National Center for Scientific Research, Toulouse, France; National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Bernard Payrastre
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France; National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Giulio G Muccioli
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jérôme Ausseil
- Center for Physiopathology of Toulouse Purpan, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France; National Center for Scientific Research, Toulouse, France; National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Luc Davignon
- Center for Physiopathology of Toulouse Purpan, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France; National Center for Scientific Research, Toulouse, France; National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Salles
- Center for Physiopathology of Toulouse Purpan, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France; National Center for Scientific Research, Toulouse, France; National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Hugues Chap
- Center for Physiopathology of Toulouse Purpan, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France; National Center for Scientific Research, Toulouse, France; National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France.
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Wargent ET, Kepczynska M, Zaibi MS, Hislop DC, Arch JRS, Stocker CJ. High fat-fed GPR55 null mice display impaired glucose tolerance without concomitant changes in energy balance or insulin sensitivity but are less responsive to the effects of the cannabinoids rimonabant or Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabivarin on weight gain. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9811. [PMID: 32904155 PMCID: PMC7451014 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The insulin-sensitizing phytocannabinoid, Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV) can signal partly via G-protein coupled receptor-55 (GPR55 behaving as either an agonist or an antagonist depending on the assay). The cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R) inverse agonist rimonabant is also a GPR55 agonist under some conditions. Previous studies have shown varied effects of deletion of GPR55 on energy balance and glucose homeostasis in mice. The contribution of signalling via GPR55 to the metabolic effects of THCV and rimonabant has been little studied. Methods In a preliminary experiment, energy balance and glucose homeostasis were studied in GPR55 knockout and wild-type mice fed on both standard chow (to 20 weeks of age) and high fat diets (from 6 to 15 weeks of age). In the main experiment, all mice were fed on the high fat diet (from 6 to 14 weeks of age). In addition to replicating the preliminary experiment, the effects of once daily administration of THCV (15 mg kg−1 po) and rimonabant (10 mg kg−1 po) were compared in the two genotypes. Results There was no effect of genotype on absolute body weight or weight gain, body composition measured by either dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry or Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), fat pad weights, food intake, energy expenditure, locomotor activity, glucose tolerance or insulin tolerance in mice fed on chow. When the mice were fed a high fat diet, there was again no effect of genotype on these various aspects of energy balance. However, in both experiments, glucose tolerance was worse in the knockout than the wild-type mice. Genotype did not affect insulin tolerance in either experiment. Weight loss in rimonabant- and THCV-treated mice was lower in knockout than in wild-type mice, but surprisingly there was no detectable effect of genotype on the effects of the drugs on any aspect of glucose homeostasis after taking into account the effect of genotype in vehicle-treated mice. Conclusions Our two experiments differ from those reported by others in finding impaired glucose tolerance in GPR55 knockout mice in the absence of any effect on body weight, body composition, locomotor activity or energy expenditure. Nor could we detect any effect of genotype on insulin tolerance, so the possibility that GPR55 regulates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion merits further investigation. By contrast with the genotype effect in untreated mice, we found that THCV and rimonabant reduced weight gain, and this effect was in part mediated by GPR55.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward T Wargent
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Buckingham, Buckingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mohamed Sghaier Zaibi
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Buckingham, Buckingham, United Kingdom
| | - David C Hislop
- Medical School, University of Buckingham, Buckingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan R S Arch
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Buckingham, Buckingham, United Kingdom
| | - Claire J Stocker
- Medical School, University of Buckingham, Buckingham, United Kingdom
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Le Bacquer O, Lanchais K, Combe K, Van Den Berghe L, Walrand S. Acute rimonabant treatment promotes protein synthesis in C2C12 myotubes through a CB1-independent mechanism. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:2669-2683. [PMID: 32885412 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is an age-related loss of muscle mass associated with changes in skeletal muscle protein homeostasis due to lipid accumulation and anabolic resistance; changes that are also commonly described in obesity. Activation of the endocannabinoid system is associated with the development of obesity and insulin resistance, and with the perturbed skeletal muscle development. Taken together this suggests that endocannabinoids could be regulators of skeletal muscle protein homeostasis. Here we report that rimonabant, an antagonist for the CB1 receptor, can prevent dexamethasone-induced C2C12 myotube atrophy without affecting the mRNA expression of atrogin-1/MAFbx (a marker of proteolysis), which suggests it is involved in the control of protein synthesis. Rimonabant alone stimulates protein synthesis in a time- and dose-dependent manner through mTOR- and intracellular calcium-dependent mechanisms. CB1 agonists are unable to modulate protein synthesis or prevent the effect of rimonabant. Using C2C12 cells stably expressing an shRNA directed against CB1, or HEK293 cells overexpressing HA-tagged CB1, we demonstrated that the effect of rimonabant is unaffected by CB1 expression level. In summary, rimonabant can stimulate protein synthesis in C2C12 myotubes through a CB1-independent mechanism. These results highlight the need to identify non-CB1 receptor(s) mediating the pro-anabolic effect of rimonabant as potential targets for the treatment of sarcopenia, and to design new side-effect-free molecules that consolidate the effect of rimonabant on skeletal muscle protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Le Bacquer
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Kassandra Lanchais
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Kristell Combe
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Stéphane Walrand
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Clermont-Ferrand, France.,CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service de Nutrition Clinique, Hôpital Gabriel Montpied, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Martínez-Pinilla E, Rico AJ, Rivas-Santisteban R, Lillo J, Roda E, Navarro G, Lanciego JL, Franco R. Expression of GPR55 and either cannabinoid CB 1 or CB 2 heteroreceptor complexes in the caudate, putamen, and accumbens nuclei of control, parkinsonian, and dyskinetic non-human primates. Brain Struct Funct 2020; 225:2153-2164. [PMID: 32691218 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02116-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endocannabinoids are neuromodulators acting on specific cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), representing potential therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative diseases. Cannabinoids also regulate the activity of GPR55, a recently "deorphanized" GPCR that directly interacts with CB1 and with CB2 receptors. Our hypothesis is that these heteromers may be taken as potential targets for Parkinson's disease (PD). This work aims at assessing the expression of heteromers made of GPR55 and CB1/CB2 receptors in the striatum of control and parkinsonian macaques (with and without levodopa-induced dyskinesia). For this purpose, double blind in situ proximity ligation assays, enabling the detection of GPCR heteromers in tissue samples, were performed in striatal sections of control, MPTP-treated and MPTP-treated animals rendered dyskinetic by chronic treatment with levodopa. Image analysis and statistical assessment were performed using dedicated software. We have previously demonstrated the formation of heteromers between GPR55 and CB1 receptor (CB1-GPR55_Hets), which is highly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS), but also with the CB2 receptor (CB2-GPR55_Hets). Compared to the baseline expression of CB1-GPR55_Hets in control animals, our results showed increased expression levels in basal ganglia input nuclei of MPTP-treated animals. These observed increases in CB1-GPR55_Hets returned back to baseline levels upon chronic treatment with levodopa in dyskinetic animals. Obtained data regarding CB2-GPR55_Hets were quite similar, with somehow equivalent amounts in control and dyskinetic animals, and with increased expression levels in MPTP animals. Taken together, the detected increased expression of GPR55-endocannabinoid heteromers appoints these GPCR complexes as potential non-dopaminergic targets for PD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Martínez-Pinilla
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería s/n, 33006, Asturias, Spain.
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Asturias, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Asturias, Spain.
| | - Alberto J Rico
- Neurosciences Division, Centre for Applied Medical Research, CIMA, University of Navarra, Avenida Pío XII, 55, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Rivas-Santisteban
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, School of Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Lillo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, School of Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elvira Roda
- Neurosciences Division, Centre for Applied Medical Research, CIMA, University of Navarra, Avenida Pío XII, 55, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Navarro
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Luis Lanciego
- Neurosciences Division, Centre for Applied Medical Research, CIMA, University of Navarra, Avenida Pío XII, 55, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rafael Franco
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, School of Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
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Wróbel A, Zapała Ł, Zapała P, Piecha T, Radziszewski P. The effect of O-1602, a GPR55 agonist, on the cyclophosphamide-induced rat hemorrhagic cystitis. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 882:173321. [PMID: 32615180 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The goal of our study was to determine whether GPR55 agonists, O-1602, could reverse the cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced changes in cystometric and inflammatory parameters, indicative of the development of bladder inflammation and overactivity. If confirmed, the stimulation of novel cannabinoid receptor - GPR55, could be a reasonable strategy as a treatment of CYP-induced haemorrhagic cystitis. The experiments were conducted in female Wistar rats. Based on the methodology of our published studies on CYP-induced heamorrhagic cystitis we performed experiments after administration of CYP, O-1602 or CYP plus O-1602. These included surgical procedures, conscious cystometry, measurements of bladder oedema and urothelium thickness using the Evans Blue dye leakage technique, as well as biochemical analyses with particular ELISA kits. O-1602 ameliorated the symptoms of CYP-induced detrusor overactivity leading to an increase in voided volume (0.59 vs. 0.93 ml), and lowering the detrusor overactivity index (703 vs. 115 cm H2O/ml). Intravenous administration of the GPR55 agonist to animals that received CYP significantly decreased Evans Blue extravasation and increased urothelium thickness. O-1602 also reversed the pro-inflammatory activity of CYP by restoring concentrations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor, calcitonin gene related peptide, interleukin 1-beta, interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor alpha, malondialdehyde, nitrotyrosine, occludin, and organic cation transporter 3. GPR55 agonist, O-1602, represents a novel class of uroprotective agents, targeting the inflammatory basis of cystitis. To our knowledge, this is the first paper proposing O-1602 agent, as a candidate for future studies in the treatment of CYP-induced cystitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Wróbel
- Second Department of Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Zapała
- Clinic of General, Oncological and Functional Urology, Medical University of Warsaw, Lindleya 4, 02-005, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Piotr Zapała
- Clinic of General, Oncological and Functional Urology, Medical University of Warsaw, Lindleya 4, 02-005, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Piecha
- Clinic of General, Oncological and Functional Urology, Medical University of Warsaw, Lindleya 4, 02-005, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Radziszewski
- Clinic of General, Oncological and Functional Urology, Medical University of Warsaw, Lindleya 4, 02-005, Warsaw, Poland
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Thompson KJ, Tobin AB. Crosstalk between the M 1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor and the endocannabinoid system: A relevance for Alzheimer's disease? Cell Signal 2020; 70:109545. [PMID: 31978506 PMCID: PMC7184673 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder which accounts for 60-70% of the 50 million worldwide cases of dementia and is characterised by cognitive impairments, many of which have long been associated with dysfunction of the cholinergic system. Although the M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) is considered a promising drug target for AD, ligands targeting this receptor have so far been unsuccessful in clinical trials. As modulatory receptors to cholinergic transmission, the endocannabinoid system may be a promising drug target to allow fine tuning of the cholinergic system. Furthermore, disease-related changes have been found in the endocannabinoid system during AD progression and indeed targeting the endocannabinoid system at specific disease stages alleviates cognitive symptoms in numerous mouse models of AD. Here we review the role of the endocannabinoid system in AD, and its crosstalk with mAChRs as a potential drug target for cholinergic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen J Thompson
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, Davidson Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Andrew B Tobin
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, Davidson Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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Foster SR, Hauser AS, Vedel L, Strachan RT, Huang XP, Gavin AC, Shah SD, Nayak AP, Haugaard-Kedström LM, Penn RB, Roth BL, Bräuner-Osborne H, Gloriam DE. Discovery of Human Signaling Systems: Pairing Peptides to G Protein-Coupled Receptors. Cell 2020; 179:895-908.e21. [PMID: 31675498 PMCID: PMC6838683 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The peptidergic system is the most abundant network of ligand-receptor-mediated signaling in humans. However, the physiological roles remain elusive for numerous peptides and more than 100 G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Here we report the pairing of cognate peptides and receptors. Integrating comparative genomics across 313 species and bioinformatics on all protein sequences and structures of human class A GPCRs, we identify universal characteristics that uncover additional potential peptidergic signaling systems. Using three orthogonal biochemical assays, we pair 17 proposed endogenous ligands with five orphan GPCRs that are associated with diseases, including genetic, neoplastic, nervous and reproductive system disorders. We also identify additional peptides for nine receptors with recognized ligands and pathophysiological roles. This integrated computational and multifaceted experimental approach expands the peptide-GPCR network and opens the way for studies to elucidate the roles of these signaling systems in human physiology and disease. Video Abstract
Universal characteristics enabled prediction of peptide ligands and receptors Multifaceted screening enabled detection of pathway- and assay-dependent responses Peptide ligands discovered for BB3, GPR1, GPR15, GPR55, and GPR68 Each signaling system is a link to human physiology and is associated with disease
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon R Foster
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Alexander S Hauser
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Line Vedel
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ryan T Strachan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Xi-Ping Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, and the Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, and the NIMH Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ariana C Gavin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sushrut D Shah
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine; Jane and Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Ajay P Nayak
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine; Jane and Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Linda M Haugaard-Kedström
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Raymond B Penn
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine; Jane and Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Bryan L Roth
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, and the Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, and the NIMH Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Hans Bräuner-Osborne
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - David E Gloriam
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Wróbel A, Serefko A, Szopa A, Poleszak E. Stimulation of atypical cannabinoid receptor GPR55 abolishes the symptoms of detrusor overactivity in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 150:105329. [PMID: 32360768 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Overactive bladder is a troublesome disease that affects 15% of the population in developed countries. Since pharmacotherapy of this condition is frequently associated with side effects, the better tolerated drugs are being searched for. The main objective of our study was to check whether activation of the atypical cannabinoid receptor GPR55 would normalize the changes in cystometric, cardiovascular and biochemical parameters in the hypertensive female Wistar-Kyoto rats presenting the symptoms of overactive bladder accompanied by inflammation and oxidative damage in the urinary tracts. A 14-day intra-arterial administration of O-1602 (0.25 mg/kg/day), a potent agonist of GRP55 receptors, was able to abolish the signs of detrusor overactivity, inflammation and oxidative damage in the urinary bladder of the spontaneously hypertensive animals. Moreover, it increased their heart rate, reduced the mean blood pressure, and normalized the levels of several proteins that play a significant role in the proper functioning of the urinary bladder (i.e., calcitonin gene related peptide, organic cation transporter 3, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, vesicular acetylcholine transporter, RhoA). Based on the outcomes of our experiments, the atypical cannabinoid receptor GPR55 has emerged as a potential drug target for the treatment of overactive bladder in female subjects. It could be particularly attractive in the cases in which this condition is accompanied with elevated blood pressure, though further studies on this subject are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Wróbel
- Second Department of Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Anna Serefko
- Chair and Department of Applied and Social Pharmacy, Laboratory of Preclinical Testing, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Szopa
- Chair and Department of Applied and Social Pharmacy, Laboratory of Preclinical Testing, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewa Poleszak
- Chair and Department of Applied and Social Pharmacy, Laboratory of Preclinical Testing, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
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Ye L, Cao Z, Wang W, Zhou N. New Insights in Cannabinoid Receptor Structure and Signaling. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2020; 12:239-248. [PMID: 30767756 DOI: 10.2174/1874467212666190215112036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabinoid has long been used for medicinal purposes. Cannabinoid signaling has been considered the therapeutic target for treating pain, addiction, obesity, inflammation, and other diseases. Recent studies have suggested that in addition to CB1 and CB2, there are non-CB1 and non-CB2 cannabinoid-related orphan GPCRs including GPR18, GPR55, and GPR119. In addition, CB1 and CB2 display allosteric binding and biased signaling, revealing correlations between biased signaling and functional outcomes. Interestingly, new investigations have indicated that CB1 is functionally present within the mitochondria of striated and heart muscles directly regulating intramitochondrial signaling and respiration. CONCLUSION In this review, we summarize the recent progress in cannabinoid-related orphan GPCRs, CB1/CB2 structure, Gi/Gs coupling, allosteric ligands and biased signaling, and mitochondria-localized CB1, and discuss the future promise of this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Ye
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zheng Cao
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Naiming Zhou
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Sztilkovics M, Gerecsei T, Peter B, Saftics A, Kurunczi S, Szekacs I, Szabo B, Horvath R. Single-cell adhesion force kinetics of cell populations from combined label-free optical biosensor and robotic fluidic force microscopy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:61. [PMID: 31919421 PMCID: PMC6952389 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56898-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-cell adhesion force plays a crucial role in biological sciences, however its in-depth investigation is hindered by the extremely low throughput and the lack of temporal resolution of present techniques. While atomic force microcopy (AFM) based methods are capable of directly measuring the detachment force values between individual cells and a substrate, their throughput is limited to few cells per day, and cannot provide the kinetic evaluation of the adhesion force over the timescale of several hours. In this study a high spatial and temporal resolution resonant waveguide grating based label-free optical biosensor was combined with robotic fluidic force microscopy to monitor the adhesion of living cancer cells. In contrast to traditional fluidic force microscopy methods with a manipulation range in the order of 300-400 micrometers, the robotic device employed here can address single cells over mm-cm scale areas. This feature significantly increased measurement throughput, and opened the way to combine the technology with the employed microplate-based, large area biosensor. After calibrating the biosensor signals with the direct force measuring technology on 30 individual cells, the kinetic evaluation of the adhesion force and energy of large cell populations was performed for the first time. We concluded that the distribution of the single-cell adhesion force and energy can be fitted by log-normal functions as cells are spreading on the surface and revealed the dynamic changes in these distributions. The present methodology opens the way for the quantitative assessment of the kinetics of single-cell adhesion force and energy with an unprecedented throughput and time resolution, in a completely non-invasive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Sztilkovics
- Nanobiosensorics Group, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamas Gerecsei
- Nanobiosensorics Group, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Biological Physics, Eötvös University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beatrix Peter
- Nanobiosensorics Group, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andras Saftics
- Nanobiosensorics Group, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sandor Kurunczi
- Nanobiosensorics Group, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Inna Szekacs
- Nanobiosensorics Group, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balint Szabo
- Department of Biological Physics, Eötvös University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Robert Horvath
- Nanobiosensorics Group, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary.
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Tamaddonfard E, Erfanparast A, Salighedar R, Tamaddonfard S. Medial prefrontal cortex diclofenac-induced antinociception is mediated through GPR55, cannabinoid CB1, and mu-opioid receptors of this area and periaqueductal gray. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2019; 393:371-379. [PMID: 31641818 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01735-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Supraspinal mechanisms of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced antinociception are not well understood. In the present study, the possible antinociceptive mechanisms induced by intra-medial prefrontal cortex (intra-mPFC) microinjection of diclofenac were investigated after blockade of GPR55, cannabinoid CB1, and mu-opioid receptors in this area and ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG). For drug delivery, unilateral (left side) of mPFC and bilateral (right and left sides) of vlPAG were surgically cannulated. Formalin test was induced by subcutaneous injection of a diluted formalin solution into the right vibrissa pad. A typical biphasic (neurogenic and inflammatory phases) pain behavior was produced following formalin injection. Microinjection of diclofenac (2.5, 5, and 10 μg/0.25 μL) into the mPFC suppressed both phases of pain. Intra-mPFC microinjection of naloxonazine (a mu-opioid receptor antagonist, 1 μg/0.25 μL) and AM251 (a cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist, 1 μg/0.25 μL) increased both phases of pain intensity. In addition, intra-mPFC-microinjected diclofenac-induced antinociception was inhibited by prior intra-mPFC and intra-vlPAG administration of naloxonazine and AM251. On the other hand, intra-mPFC and intra-vlPAG microinjection of AM251 (0.25 μg/0.25 μL) decreased pain severity which was inhibited by prior administration of ML193. The above-mentioned drugs did not alter locomotor activity. In conclusion, diclofenac suppressed both the neurogenic and inflammatory phases of formalin-induced orofacial pain at the level of mPFC. GPR55, cannabinoid CB1, and mu-opioid receptors of the mPFC and vlPAG might be involved in the mPFC analgesic effects of diclofenac.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeal Tamaddonfard
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Amir Erfanparast
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Reza Salighedar
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Sina Tamaddonfard
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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GPR55-mediated effects on brain microvascular endothelial cells and the blood-brain barrier. Neuroscience 2019; 414:88-98. [PMID: 31279825 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
GPR55, an atypical cannabinoid receptor activated by lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) has been involved in various physiological and pathological processes. We examined the effect of GPR55 activation on rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (RBMVEC), an essential component of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). GPR55 was detected in RBMVEC by western blot and immunocytochemistry. Treatment of RBMVEC with LPI increased cytosolic Ca2+ concentration, [Ca2+]i, in a concentration-dependent manner; the effect was abolished by the GPR55 antagonist, ML-193. Repetitive application of LPI induced tachyphylaxis. LPI-induced increase in [Ca2+]i was not sensitive to U-73122, a phospholipase C inhibitor, but was abolished by the blockade of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels or in Ca2+-free saline, indicating that Ca2+ influx was involved in this response. LPI induced a biphasic change in RBMVEC membrane potential: a fast depolarization followed by a long-lasting hyperpolarization. The hyperpolarization phase was prevented by apamin and charibdotoxin, inhibitors of small- and intermediate-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (KCa). Immunofluorescence studies indicate that LPI produced transient changes in tight and adherens junctions proteins and F-actin stress fibers. LPI decreased the electrical resistance of RBMVEC monolayer assessed with Electric Cell-Substrate Impedance Sensing (ECIS) in a dose-dependent manner. In vivo studies indicate that systemic administration of LPI increased the permeability of the BBB, assessed with Evans Blue method. Taken together, our results indicate that GPR55 activation modulates the function of endothelial cells of brain microvessels, produces a transient reduction in endothelial barrier function and increases BBB permeability.
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Robertson‐Gray OJ, Walsh SK, Ryberg E, Jönsson‐Rylander A, Lipina C, Wainwright CL. l-α-Lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) aggravates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury via a GPR55/ROCK-dependent pathway. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2019; 7:e00487. [PMID: 31149342 PMCID: PMC6533556 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The phospholipid l-α-lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI), an endogenous ligand for GPR55, is elevated in patients with acute coronary syndrome, and a GPR55 antagonist cannabidiol (CBD) reduces experimental ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. While LPI activates multiple signaling pathways, little is known about which ones are important in cardiomyocytes. In this study we explored whether activation of the Rho kinase/ROCK/p38 MAPK pathway is responsible for LPI-induced extension of I/R injury. Using a high-throughput screening method (dynamic mass redistribution; DMR), mouse- and human-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) cardiomyocytes exposed to LPI were shown to exhibit a rapid, sustained, and concentration-dependent (1 nmol L-1-30 μmol L-1) cellular response. Y-27632 (ROCK inhibitor; 10 & 50 μmol L-1) and CBD (1 μmol L-1) both abolished the DMR response to LPI (10 μmol L-1). In murine iPSC cardiomyocytes, LPI-induced ROCK and p38 MAPK phosphorylation, both of which were prevented by Y-27632 and CBD, but did not induce JNK activation or cleavage of caspase-3. In hearts isolated from wild type (WT) mice subjected to 30 minutes global I/R, LPI (10 μmol L-1) administered via the coronary circulation increased infarct size when applied prior to ischemia onset, but not when given at the time of reperfusion. The exacerbation of tissue injury by LPI was not seen in hearts from GPR55-/- mice or in the presence of Y-27632, confirming that injury is mediated via the GPR55/ROCK/p38 MAPK pathway. These findings suggest that raised levels of LPI in the vicinity of a developing infarct may worsen the outcome of AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia J. Robertson‐Gray
- Cardiometabolic Health ResearchSchool of Pharmacy & Life SciencesRobert Gordon UniversityAberdeenScotlandUK
- Present address:
Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical SciencesCollege of MedicalVeterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowScotlandUK
| | - Sarah K. Walsh
- Cardiometabolic Health ResearchSchool of Pharmacy & Life SciencesRobert Gordon UniversityAberdeenScotlandUK
| | - Erik Ryberg
- Cardiovascular& Metabolic Disease IMEDAstraZeneca R&DMölndalSweden
| | | | - Christopher Lipina
- Division of Cell Signalling & ImmunologySchool of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeDundeeScotlandUK
| | - Cherry L. Wainwright
- Cardiometabolic Health ResearchSchool of Pharmacy & Life SciencesRobert Gordon UniversityAberdeenScotlandUK
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Vong CT, Tseng HHL, Kwan YW, Lee SMY, Hoi MPM. G-protein coupled receptor 55 agonists increase insulin secretion through inositol trisphosphate-mediated calcium release in pancreatic β-cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 854:372-379. [PMID: 31054273 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
G-protein coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) is an orphan G-protein coupled receptor, which is activated by endocannabinoids and lipid transmitters. Recently, GPR55 was shown to play a role in glucose and energy homeostasis, and insulin secretion is essential to maintain glucose homeostasis in the body. In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), chronic insulin resistance and a progressive decline in β-cell function result in β-cell dysfunction, this leads to defect in insulin secretion, which is the key process in the development and progression of T2DM. GPR55 agonists were shown to increase insulin secretion, however the underlying mechanisms were not fully understood. Therefore the aim of the present study was to examine the effects of potent GPR55 agonists, O-1602 and abnormal cannabidiol (Abn-CBD), on glucose-induced insulin secretion in a mouse pancreatic β-cell line, MIN6, and the underlying mechanisms with a focus on intracellular calcium (Ca2+). Our results demonstrated that O-1602 and Abn-CBD increased glucose-induced insulin secretion in MIN6 cells, which was abolished by a PLC inhibitor, U73122. Glucose-induced Ca2+ transients were enhanced by O-1602 and Abn-CBD, and this was significantly reduced by U73122 and inositol trisphosphate (IP3) receptor inhibitors, 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) and xestospongin C, as well as by Y-27632, a Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor. Interestingly, O-1602 and Abn-CBD could directly induce intracellular Ca2+ transients through IP3-mediated Ca2+ release. In conclusion, GPR55 agonists increased insulin secretion through calcium mobilisation from IP3-sensitive ER stores in β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Teng Vong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau
| | - Hisa Hui Ling Tseng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau
| | - Yiu Wa Kwan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Simon Ming-Yuen Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau
| | - Maggie Pui Man Hoi
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau.
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