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Macatee RJ, Cannon MJ, Schermitzler BS, Preston TJ, Afshar K. Biological sex and hormonal contraceptive associations with drug cue reactivity in cannabis use disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 174:121-128. [PMID: 38626562 PMCID: PMC11195151 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Biological sex differences in Cannabis Use Disorder (CUD) progression, cannabis withdrawal severity, and pharmacotherapy response have been reported, suggesting that CUD mechanisms may differ by sex. Drug cue reactivity is an established predictor of drug use behavior, but the literature on sex differences in drug cue reactivity is mixed, including in CUD. One possible moderator of sex differences in drug cue reactivity is hormonal contraceptive (HC) use. The aim of the present study was to test whether sex differences in neural cannabis cue reactivity and craving varied by female HC use in a CUD sample. As part of a larger study, 152 adults reporting frequent cannabis use completed a drug cue reactivity task during electrocenphalogram recording. Late positive potential (LPP) amplitude modulation by cannabis cues was used to measure neural cue reactivity. Craving after the cue reactivity task was also assessed. Males (n = 74) and naturally-cycling females (n = 26), who did not differ from each other, showed significantly greater LPP enhancement to cannabis vs. neutral cues compared to HC-using females (n = 52), an effect mostly driven by neutral cues. Craving was significantly higher in naturally-cycling but not HC-using females compared to males, but only in covariate-unadjusted analyses. Exploratory analyses of HC and menstrual phase characteristics indicate a progesterone-related mechanism may underlie HC effects on cannabis cue reactivity. The present study's results suggest that mixed findings on drug cue reactivity sex differences may be due to variability in HC use, which has implications for sex-specific models of CUD progression and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kaveh Afshar
- Auburn University, Department of Psychological Sciences, USA
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2
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Cheng L, Luo M, Ge J, Fu Y, Gan Q, Chen Z. Effects of brief mindfulness training on smoking cue-reactivity in tobacco use disorder: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299797. [PMID: 38648252 PMCID: PMC11034654 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of Tobacco Use Disorder (TUD) represents a significant and pressing global public health concern, with far-reaching and deleterious consequences for individuals, communities, and healthcare systems. The craving caused by smoking cue is an important trigger for relapse, fundamentally hindering the cessation of cigarette smoking. Mindfulness interventions focusing on cue-reactivity was effective for the treatment of related dependence. Brief mindfulness training (BMT) meets the short-term needs for intervention but the effects still need to be examined. The objective of the present study is to investigate the impact of BMT intervention on smoking cue-reactivity among Chinese college students with TUD, to uncover the dynamic models of brain function involved in this process. METHOD A randomized control trial (RCT) based on electroencephalography (EEG) was designed. We aim to recruit 90 participants and randomly assign to the BMT and control group (CON) with 1:1 ratio. A brief mindfulness training will be administered to experimental group. After the intervention, data collection will be conducted in the follow-up stage with 5 timepoints of assessments. EEG data will be recorded during the smoking cue-reactivity task and 'STOP' brief mindfulness task. The primary outcomes include subjective reports of smoking craving, changes in EEG indicators, and mindfulness measures. The secondary outcomes will be daily smoking behaviours, affect and impulsivity, as well as indicators reflecting correlation between mindfulness and smoking cue-reactivity. To evaluate the impact of mindfulness training, a series of linear mixed-effects models will be employed. Specifically, within-group effects will be examined by analysing the longitudinal data. Additionally, the effect size for all statistical measurements will be reported, offering a comprehensive view of the observed effects. DISCUSSION The current study aims to assess the impact of brief mindfulness-based intervention on smoking cue-reactivity in TUD. It also expected to enhance our understanding of the underlying processes involved in brain function and explore potential EEG biomarkers at multiple time points. TRIAL REGISTRATION Trial registration number: ChiCTR2300069363, registered on 14 March 2023. Protocol Version 1.0., 10 April 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Cheng
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Brain Science and Visual Cognition Research Center, Medical School of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Miaoling Luo
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Brain Science and Visual Cognition Research Center, Medical School of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Jie Ge
- Brain Science and Visual Cognition Research Center, Medical School of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Students Counseling and Mental Health Center, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Brain Science and Visual Cognition Research Center, Medical School of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Quan Gan
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Brain Science and Visual Cognition Research Center, Medical School of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Faculté de médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Zhuangfei Chen
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Brain Science and Visual Cognition Research Center, Medical School of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
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Kumar M, Keady J, Aryal SP, Hessing M, Richards CI, Turner JR. The Role of Microglia in Sex- and Region-Specific Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity During Nicotine Withdrawal. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 4:182-193. [PMID: 38298802 PMCID: PMC10829673 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2023.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Smoking is the largest preventable cause of death and disease in the United States, with <5% of quit attempts being successful. Microglia activation and proinflammatory neuroimmune signaling in reward neurocircuitry are implicated in nicotine withdrawal symptomology. Microglia are integral regulators of blood-brain barrier (BBB) functionality as well; however, whether the effects of nicotine withdrawal on microglia function impact BBB integrity is unknown. Methods Mice were treated with chronic nicotine (12 mg/kg/day) and subjected to 48 hours nicotine withdrawal. Regional BBB permeability, together with messenger RNA and protein expression of tight junction proteins, were assessed. PLX5622 chow was used to deplete microglia to evaluate the role of microglia in regulating BBB integrity and nicotine withdrawal symptomology. Results Female mice had higher baseline BBB permeability in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus than males. Nicotine withdrawal further exacerbated the BBB permeability selectively in the prefrontal cortex of females. These effects were concurrent with prefrontal cortex alterations in a subset of tight junction proteins with increased proinflammatory responses following nicotine withdrawal in females. Depletion of microglia via PLX5622 treatment prevented all these molecular effects and attenuated withdrawal-induced anxiety-like behavior in female mice. Conclusions These results are the first to show sex differences in regional BBB permeability during nicotine withdrawal. This represents a possible link to both the reduced smoking cessation success seen in women and women's increased risk for smoking-related neurovascular disorders. Furthermore, these findings open an avenue for sex-specific therapeutics that target microglia and BBB dysfunction during nicotine withdrawal in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Kumar
- University of Kentucky, College of Pharmacy, Lexington, Kentucky
- Food & Nutrition Biotechnology Division, Centre for Excellence in Functional Foods, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Jack Keady
- University of Kentucky, College of Pharmacy, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Surya P. Aryal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Marissa Hessing
- University of Kentucky, College of Pharmacy, Lexington, Kentucky
| | | | - Jill R. Turner
- University of Kentucky, College of Pharmacy, Lexington, Kentucky
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Barnabe A, Gamache K, de Camargo JVP, Allen-Flanagan E, Rioux M, Pruessner J, Leyton M, Nader K. A novel stress-based intervention reduces cigarette use in non-treatment seeking smokers. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:308-316. [PMID: 36175551 PMCID: PMC9750979 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01455-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable mortality worldwide. Since current smoking cessation aids show only modest efficacy, new interventions are needed. Given the evidence that stress is a potent trigger for smoking, the present randomized clinical trial tested whether stress could augment the effects of a memory updating (retrieval-extinction) intervention. Non-treatment seeking smokers (n = 76) were assigned to one of four conditions composed of either a stressful or non-stressful psychosocial challenge followed by either smoking or neutral cues. Ten minutes after this manipulation, all underwent a 60-minute extinction procedure during which they viewed smoking-related videos and images and manipulated smoking paraphernalia. Compared to participants who were not exposed to the laboratory stressor, the stressor-exposed groups exhibited greater psychophysiological responses during their intervention and greater decreases in cigarette use at two- and six-weeks follow-up independent of smoking cue exposure. Together, these findings suggest that the ability of stress to activate cigarette seeking processes can be exploited to decrease cigarette use. With replication, the stress-based intervention could become a novel strategy for decreasing cigarette use in non-treatment seeking smokers.Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT04843969.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Barnabe
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Karine Gamache
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | | | - Erin Allen-Flanagan
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Mathilde Rioux
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Jens Pruessner
- grid.9811.10000 0001 0658 7699Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Baden-Württemberg, Germany ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Marco Leyton
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Karim Nader
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
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Goyal LD, Verma M, Garg P, Bhatt G. Variations in the patterns of tobacco usage among indian females - findings from the global adult tobacco survey India. BMC Womens Health 2022; 22:442. [DOI: 10.1186/s12905-022-02014-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Males dominate in tobacco usage, as well as in tobacco research, knowing that women face more severe health consequences. There is a specific lack of information on epidemiological statistics, risks, and the level of knowledge among women regarding tobacco. This study examines the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS)-India dataset to estimate female tobacco usage and assess socio-economic variations in tobacco consumption, awareness regarding the adverse effects of tobacco, noticing pack health warnings (PHW), and intention to quit tobacco use well as factors influencing these domains.
Methods
Using a geographically clustered multistage sampling method, the nationally representative GATS II (2016–17) interviewed 40,265 female respondents aged 15 years and above from all Indian states and union territories. Standard operational definitions were used to estimate the primary independent variables (community, individual, and household categories) and dependent variables like awareness regarding the adverse effects of tobacco, noticing pack health warning (PHW), and intention to quit tobacco. Sampling weights were adjusted while performing the analysis. Bivariate and multivariable analysis were used to generate the estimates.
Results
Of the total female respondents, 84.2% were never-users, 13.3% ever consumed Smokeless Tobacco (SLT) products, 1.8% ever smoked tobacco, and 0.8% were dual users once in their lives. Around 16% of the women had exposure to Second Hand Smoke (SHS) either at their homes, workplaces or in public places. Overall, maximum awareness was seen among non-smoker females (64.7%) and dual users (64.7%), followed by women exposed to SHS, SLT users, and smokers. PHW was noticed more by the bidi smokers, followed by SLT users and cigarette smokers. Factors that positively affected intention to quit smoking included younger age, secondary school education, self-employed status, the habit of buying packed cigarettes/bidi, believing that smoking causes serious illness, and attempted quitting in the last 12 months.
Conclusion
A high proportion of women consume tobacco which is significantly influenced by socio-demographic factors. Tobacco regulators should be especially concerned about women as the tobacco marketing experts target them. Mobilizing self-help groups and organizations working for women and children could assist broader campaigns to generate awareness and motivate quitting attempts.
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Stewart SA, Peltier MR, Roys MR, Copeland AL. The association between hormonal contraceptive use and smoking, negative affect, and cessation attempts in college females. DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE REPORTS 2022; 3:100063. [PMID: 36845992 PMCID: PMC9948877 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2022.100063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Exogenous and endogenous female hormones influence nicotine use and cessation, potentially through mechanisms such as anxiety and negative affect. In the present study, college females using all types of hormonal contraceptives (HC) were compared to those not using HC to determine the potential influence on current smoking, negative affect, and current and past cessation attempts. Differences between progestin-only and combination HC were also examined. Of the 1,431 participants, 53.2% (n = 761) reported current HC use, and 12.3% (n = 176) of participants endorsed current smoking. Women currently using HC were significantly more likely to smoke (13.5%; n = 103) compared to women not using HC (10.9%; n = 73), p = .04. There was a significant main effect of HC use being associated with lower anxiety levels (p = .005), as well as a significant HC use by smoking status interaction, such that women who smoke using HC reported the lowest levels of anxiety among participants (p = .01). Participants using HC were more likely to be making a current attempt to quit smoking than those not using HC (p = .04) and were more likely to have made past quit attempts (p = .04). No significant differences were observed across women using progestin-only, combined estrogen and progestin, and women not using HC. These findings provide evidence that exogenous hormones may be an advantageous treatment target and that they warrant additional study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby A. Stewart
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - MacKenzie R. Peltier
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, USA
- Psychology Service, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, USA
| | - Melanie R. Roys
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Amy L. Copeland
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, USA
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Selva Kumar D, Nahvi S, Rivera-Mindt M, Arnsten J, Minami H. The Impact of Coping With Stressful Events on Negative Affect and Cravings Among Smokers With Mood Disorders. Nicotine Tob Res 2022; 24:881-889. [PMID: 34918163 PMCID: PMC9048876 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntab260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Smokers with mental illness report elevated levels of stress and negative affect. Craving is often cited as a key precipitant of smoking. Coping with stress has been associated with reduced cravings among smokers attempting to quit. However, the effect of coping with stress on negative affect and craving among smokers with mental illness is not well understood. This study investigated whether coping with stress predicts lower subsequent craving, mediated by reduced negative affect, among socioeconomically disadvantaged smokers with mood disorders. AIMS AND METHODS This study used ecologically momentary assessment (EMA) data from a randomized controlled trial involving smokers with mood disorders. The final sample included 39 participants. RESULTS Traditional mediation path analyses showed that coping with stress predicts lower craving (p = .02) through its impact on negative affect (p < .001) for the contemporaneous model (ie, when craving was measured at the same report as coping). However, coping with stress did not have a prospective effect on craving (ie, when craving was measured at the next report, up to 12 hours later) (p = .11). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that coping with stress reduces craving through negative effect, but only for a limited timeframe. The findings could guide future research on the length of time that the effect of coping lasts and research on interventions to increase coping with stress among smokers with mental illness. IMPLICATIONS This is the first study to use EMA to demonstrate that coping with stressful events effectively reduces craving through reducing negative affect among smokers with mood disorders. This finding suggests that individuals heavily burdened with stress and negative affect benefit from coping with stress. We utilized within-subject analyses of EMA data which allowed us to understand these effects within an individual near real time. Our sample is hard to reach and ethnoculturally diverse. Findings could guide intervention research on helping smokers with mental illness cope when experiencing stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shadi Nahvi
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Health System, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Monica Rivera-Mindt
- Fordham University, Department of Psychology, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Latin American and Latino Studies Institute, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Julia Arnsten
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Health System, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Haruka Minami
- Fordham University, Department of Psychology, Bronx, NY, USA
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Riley ED, Delucchi K, Rubin S, Weiser SD, Vijayaraghavan M, Lynch K, Tsoh JY. Ongoing tobacco use in women who experience homelessness and unstable housing: A prospective study to inform tobacco cessation interventions and policies. Addict Behav 2022; 125:107125. [PMID: 34673360 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco use is common in people who experience homelessness. However, despite biological differences in use by sex and lower quit rates in women, research in homeless and unstably housed (HUH) women is sparse. We identified correlates of use specific to this population, with the goal of informing tobacco cessation programs tailored for HUH women. METHODS We conducted a prospective study among HUH women recruited from San Francisco homeless shelters, street encampments, free meal programs and low-income hotels. Between June 2016 and January 2019, study participants completed six monthly interviews to examine factors associated with tobacco use, defined as urinary cotinine >10 pg/mL or self-reported prior 30-day use. RESULTS Among 245 participants, 40% were Black, the median age was 53, 75% currently used tobacco and 89% had ≥one 24-hour quit attempt in the prior year. Tobacco use was more common in women with PTSD (66% vs. 48%) and depression (54% vs. 35%) compared to women without these conditions. Adjusted odds of tobacco use decreased significantly with increasing age (OR/5 yrs: 0.81; 95% CI:0.68, 0.96) and increased with an increasing number of additional substances used (OR: 2.52; 95% CI: 1.88, 3.39). CONCLUSION Outside of a treatment setting and within a community-recruited sample population composed of HUH women, the number of additional substances used is a primary correlate of ongoing tobacco use. Tailored cessation interventions that prioritize the issue of multiple substance use, and public health policies that allocate funding to address it, may increase tobacco cessation in this population.
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Royal W, Bryant J, Davis H, Guo M. Cigarette smoke and nicotine effects on behavior in HIV transgenic rats. Behav Brain Res 2022; 417:113591. [PMID: 34551347 PMCID: PMC9107950 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
HIV-related neurocognitive impairment can be worsened by cigarette smoking and be more severe in women. Therefore, we analyzed the effects of sex on behavioral function in HIV transgenic (Tg) rats that were exposed to either nicotine alone, to smoke from either nicotine-containing or nicotine-free cigarettes, or non-exposed. The animals were then assessed on the open field test for the total distance traveled and for the fraction of the total distance traveled and the total time spent in the center of the field, and the results then compared to WT rats subjected to the same exposures and testing. Higher total distances indicate greater locomotor activity and a higher center field measures imply a lower anxiety state. Total distances were overall higher for female and for Tg rats exposed to nicotine-free CS. Also, the total distance and both center field measures were overall higher for female rats in the control and nicotine-free CS-exposed groups. This was observed specifically for WT females as compared to WT males and, for the center field measures, for WT females as compared to Tg males. No genotype or sex-related differences were found for rats in the nicotine-free cigarette smoke (CS) and nicotine-containing CS exposed groups. Therefore, nicotine exposure did not impact genotype- and sex-related differences in motor responses and anxiety levels that were found in the control state. However, exposure to the non-nicotine components of CS resulted in locomotor activation in the presence of the HIV genes and was anxiogenic in WT and Tg male animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Royal
- Morehouse School of Medicine Department of Neurobiology and Neuroscience Institute, Georgia; Atlanta VA Medical Center, USA; University of Maryland School of Medicine, USA.
| | - Joseph Bryant
- University of Maryland School Institute of Human Virology, USA; University of Maryland School of Medicine, USA
| | - Harry Davis
- University of Maryland School Institute of Human Virology, USA; University of Maryland School of Medicine, USA
| | - Ming Guo
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, USA
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10
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Abstract
Anhedonia is a core feature of psychopathological conditions that have recent exposure to stress and trauma as central to their etiology. Indeed, evolutionary accounts of depression suggest that decreased motivation to pursue reward may be an adaptive strategy in the face of social stress, in particular, as it may serve to defuse interpersonal conflict. Through a review of rodent models and research with humans, we show that exposure to stress, particularly when it is chronic, repeated, and/or involves themes of social rejection or defeat, is consistently associated with reduced hedonic capacity ("liking"), motivation to pursue reward ("wanting"), and ability to learn from reward ("reward learning"). Further, across rodent and human research, there is evidence that females show greater stress-induced blunting of reward processing than males. In humans, this sex difference emerges most strongly when examining individual differences in the stress response rather than group differences in stress exposure. We discuss the implications of these findings for understanding the etiology of, and sex differences in, stress-related psychopathology, including depression and addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate L Harkness
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
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11
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Rubin SB, Vijayaraghavan M, Weiser SD, Tsoh JY, Cohee A, Delucchi K, Riley ED. Homeless women's perspectives on smoking and smoking cessation programs: A qualitative study. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2021; 98:103377. [PMID: 34481110 PMCID: PMC9115776 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2021.103377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals who are unsheltered or experiencing homelessness are more likely to smoke than those in the general population and have a higher prevalence of tobacco-related illnesses. Those who are unhoused make quit attempts at rates similar to the general population, however rates of successful quitting are much lower. Women bear a higher burden of smoking-related diseases and are less successful in their cessation efforts than men. Despite these increased risks and challenges, cessation programs specifically designed to meet the needs of women experiencing homelessness are extremely rare. METHODS To examine perceptions of smoking cessation programs among women who are unstably housed, we conducted in-depth, semi-structured interviews with twenty-nine women experiencing homelessness or unstable housing who had histories of tobacco and substance use. Interviews explored the social context of smoking, as well as interest in, barriers to, and facilitators of quitting. We used a grounded theory approach to analyze the transcripts. RESULTS Participants reported a number of structural barriers to cessation. They reported obstacles to participating in existing cessation programs, including chronic stress related to experiences of being unsheltered and fear of being exposed to neighborhood violence. These conditions were paired with a strong need to self-isolate in order to maintain personal safety, which runs counter to traditional group-based cessation programs. CONCLUSION A dissonance exists between current smoking cessation programs and the needs of women who are unsheltered or unstably housed. Alternative cessation treatment delivery models that address extremely high levels of chronic stress violence, and avoidance of group settings are needed, as are programs that provide options for safe participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bissell Rubin
- University of California, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, San Francisco, United States
| | - Maya Vijayaraghavan
- University of California, Department of Medicine, San Francisco, United States
| | - Sheri D Weiser
- University of California, Department of Medicine, San Francisco, United States
| | - Janice Y Tsoh
- University of California, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, San Francisco, United States
| | - Alison Cohee
- University of California, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, San Francisco, United States; University of California, Department of Medicine, San Francisco, United States
| | - Kevin Delucchi
- University of California, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, San Francisco, United States
| | - Elise D Riley
- University of California, Department of Medicine, San Francisco, United States.
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12
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Holzhauer CG, Epstein EE, Smelson DA, Mattocks K. Targeting women veteran's stress-induced drinking with cognitive reappraisal: Mechanisms and moderators of change. J Subst Abuse Treat 2021; 130:108408. [PMID: 34118700 PMCID: PMC8478824 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2021.108408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Emotion dysregulation mediates the effects of stress on drinking among individuals with co-occurring emotional and alcohol use disorders (AUD). The current study examined the effects of cognitive reappraisal (CR), an adaptive emotion regulation strategy, on mechanisms that contribute to drinking (alcohol craving, inhibitory control) among 50 women veterans. In session one, participants were randomized to one of two 50-min "microinterventions", either to learn a CR coping strategy or receive non-therapeutic psychoeducation control. In session two, all participants underwent a personalized stress induction, after which women in the experimental condition were instructed to use CR to reduce stress, while those in the control group were instructed to sit quietly. Craving and inhibitory control were measured at post-stress induction and after using CR/sitting quietly. Moderating effects of AUD, depression, and PTSD severity were assessed. Craving and inhibitory control improved among women in both conditions (CR or sitting quietly), with no main effect of condition. Condition by AUD severity had a significant interaction effect (b = 0.018, p = .013), whereby women with more severe AUD had greater decreases in craving after sitting quietly, and women with less severe AUD had greater decreases in craving after CR. The opposite pattern was observed for inhibitory control (b = 6.45, p = .004), with women with less severe AUD having greater decreases in inhibitory control after sitting quietly, and women with more severe AUD having greater decreases in inhibitory control after CR. Results highlight CR's immediate effects on alcohol-related outcomes and the important role of symptom severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathryn Glanton Holzhauer
- VA Central Western Massachusetts, Division of Research and Education, 421 North Main Street, Leeds, MA 01053, United States of America; University of Massachusetts Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, 365 Plantation Street Biotech One, Worcester, MA 01605, United States of America.
| | - Elizabeth E Epstein
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, 365 Plantation Street Biotech One, Worcester, MA 01605, United States of America
| | - David A Smelson
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, 365 Plantation Street Biotech One, Worcester, MA 01605, United States of America
| | - Kristin Mattocks
- VA Central Western Massachusetts, Division of Research and Education, 421 North Main Street, Leeds, MA 01053, United States of America; University of Massachusetts Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, 365 Plantation Street Biotech One, Worcester, MA 01605, United States of America
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McCabe SE, Hughes TL, West BT, Evans-Polce R, Veliz P, Dickinson K, Hoak S, Boyd CJ. Associations Among Childhood Household Dysfunction, Sexual Orientation, and DSM-5 Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Substance Use Disorders in Adulthood: Evidence From a National U.S. Survey. J Addict Med 2021; 14:e211-e219. [PMID: 32187108 PMCID: PMC7898765 DOI: 10.1097/adm.0000000000000641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined the associations between childhood household dysfunction and adulthood past-year DSM-5 alcohol, tobacco, and other substance use disorders across sexual orientation subgroups (eg, lesbian/gay, bisexual, and heterosexual). METHODS Prevalence estimates were based on National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC-III) data collected from structured diagnostic face-to-face interviews in a nationally representative sample of 36,309 U.S. adults. Multivariable regression was used to examine associations between childhood household dysfunction and past-year substance use disorders in adulthood. RESULTS Sexual minorities, particularly sexual minority women, reported higher rates of childhood household dysfunction (eg, parental/household history of substance-related problems) and adulthood DSM-5 alcohol, tobacco, and substance use disorders. Results of multivariable analyses indicated that childhood histories of parental/household substance-related problems were associated with greater odds of past-year substance use disorders among sexual minorities than heterosexuals, and that such histories may moderate differences among sexual orientation subgroups. The risk of substance use disorders among sexual minority women relative to exclusively heterosexual women (ie, heterosexual-identified women without same-sex attraction or behavior) remained high, even when accounting for household dysfunction. In contrast, there were no such differences between sexual minority men and exclusively heterosexual men. CONCLUSIONS Sexual minorities are more likely to have childhood household dysfunction which in turn is associated with a higher risk of developing DSM-5 alcohol, tobacco, and substance use disorders in adulthood, especially among sexual minority women. Healthcare providers who care for individuals raised in dysfunctional households should carefully assess risk for substance use disorders and intervene as needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Esteban McCabe
- Center for the Study of Drugs, Alcohol, Smoking and Health, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Institute for Research on Women and Gender, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Tonda L. Hughes
- School of Nursing and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Brady T. West
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Rebecca Evans-Polce
- Center for the Study of Drugs, Alcohol, Smoking and Health, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Phil Veliz
- Center for the Study of Drugs, Alcohol, Smoking and Health, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Institute for Research on Women and Gender, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kara Dickinson
- Center for the Study of Drugs, Alcohol, Smoking and Health, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Institute for Research on Women and Gender, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Sebastian Hoak
- Center for the Study of Drugs, Alcohol, Smoking and Health, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Institute for Research on Women and Gender, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Carol J. Boyd
- Center for the Study of Drugs, Alcohol, Smoking and Health, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Institute for Research on Women and Gender, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Addiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Wetherill RR, Spilka NH, Maron M, Keyser H, Jagannathan K, Ely AV, Franklin TR. Influence of the natural hormonal milieu on brain and behavior in women who smoke cigarettes: Rationale and methodology. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2021; 21:100738. [PMID: 33718654 PMCID: PMC7932892 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2021.100738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Women experience more severe health consequences from smoking, have greater difficulty quitting, and respond less favorably to nicotine replacement therapy than men. The influence of fluctuating ovarian hormones, specifically estradiol (E) and progesterone (P), on brain and behavioral responses during exposure to smoking reminders (i.e., cues) may be a contributing factor. Results from our laboratory suggest that women in the late follicular phase of their menstrual cycle (MC) have enhanced smoking cue (SC) vulnerabilities and reduced functional connectivity in neurocircuitry underlying cognitive control, potentially placing them at greater risk for continued smoking and relapse. The primary aim of this study is to examine and link hormonal status with brain and behavioral responses to SCs over the course of three monthly MCs in naturally cycling women who are chronic cigarette smokers. This longitudinal, counterbalanced study collects brain and behavioral responses to SCs at three time points during a woman's MC. Participants complete psychological and physical examinations, biochemical hormonal verification visits, and at least three laboratory/neuroimaging scan visits. The scan visits include a 10-min SC task during blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) data acquisition and are timed to occur during the early follicular phase (low E and P), late follicular phase (high E, unopposed by P), and mid-luteal phase (high P, high E). The primary outcomes include brain responses to SCs (compared to non-SCs), subjective craving, E and P hormone levels, and behavioral responses to SCs. This study addresses a critical gap in our knowledge: namely, the impact of the natural hormonal milieu on brain and behavioral responses to SCs, a powerful relapse trigger. Additionally, this study will provide a roadmap for human sex differences researchers who are obliged to consider the often confounding cyclic hormonal fluctuations of women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Melanie Maron
- Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, The Department of Psychiatry, 3535 Market Street Suite 500, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Heather Keyser
- Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, The Department of Psychiatry, 3535 Market Street Suite 500, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kanchana Jagannathan
- Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, The Department of Psychiatry, 3535 Market Street Suite 500, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Alice V. Ely
- Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, The Department of Psychiatry, 3535 Market Street Suite 500, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Teresa R. Franklin
- Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, The Department of Psychiatry, 3535 Market Street Suite 500, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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15
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The Role of Anxiety Sensitivity in the Relation Between Pain Intensity with Substance Use and Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms Among Smokers with Chronic Pain. Int J Behav Med 2020; 27:668-676. [PMID: 32588345 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-020-09914-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The additive effect of experiencing chronic pain in the context of nicotine addiction places smokers with chronic pain at elevated risk for experiencing physical and mental health problems. Isolating factors that explain linkages between pain and health-related outcomes among smokers with chronic pain is an important next step. Therefore, the current study examined the explanatory role of anxiety sensitivity in relations between pain intensity and current opioid misuse, severity of opioid dependence, tobacco-related problems, and anxiety/depressive symptoms. METHOD Participants were 187 (Mage = 39.02, SD = 9.94, 74.9% female) daily smokers with chronic pain who completed a battery of self-report measures on pain experience, anxiety sensitivity, tobacco and opioid use, and anxiety/depression symptoms. Indirect effect analyses were conducted to examine anxiety sensitivity as a mediator of the relations between pain intensity and health-related outcomes. RESULTS A significant indirect effect emerged for pain intensity, through anxiety sensitivity, on opioid misuse (ab = 0.83, SE = 0.24, 95% CI [0.39, 1.34], CSE = 0.17), severity of opioid dependence (ab = 0.17, SE = 0.05, 95% CI [0.08, 0.26], CSE = 0.16), tobacco use problems (ab = 0.16, SE = 0.06, 95% CI [0.07, 0.28], CSE = 0.11), and anxiety/depressive symptoms (ab = 0.20, SE = 0.06, 95% CI [0.10, 0.31], CSE = 0.19). CONCLUSION The current investigation highlights the potential importance of anxiety sensitivity in terms of the experience of pain with severity of substance use and anxiety/depressive symptoms among smokers with chronic pain.
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Cross A, Naughton F, Sheffield D. What is the role of stress cardiovascular reactivity in health behaviour change? A systematic review, meta-analysis and research agenda. Psychol Health 2020; 36:1021-1040. [PMID: 32998581 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2020.1825714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The stress reactivity hypothesis posits that the extremes of exaggerated and low or blunted cardiovascular reactivity (CVR) to stress may lead to adverse health outcomes via psychophysiological pathways. A potential indirect pathway between CVR and disease outcomes is through health-related behaviour and behaviour change. However, this is a less well understood pathway. Design: A registered systematic review was undertaken to determine the association between cardiovascular reactivity (CVR) and health behaviour change, as well as identify mediators and moderators. Eight papers that met the inclusion criteria, focused on smoking cessation and weight loss, were identified. Results: Pooling data from studies exploring the prospective relationship between CVR (as systolic blood pressure) and smoking cessation found that exaggerated CVR was associated with smoking relapse (Hedges' g = 0.39, SE = 0.00, 95% CI 0.38 - 0.40, p < .001; I2 = 0%; N = 257) but did not find evidence that CVR responses were associated with changes in weight. In order to advance our understanding of reactivity as a modifiable determinant of health behaviour change, our review recommends exploring the association between CVR and other health behaviours, to determine the influence of blunted reactivity versus low motivational effort identify mediators and moderators and determine the focus of interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainslea Cross
- School of Psychology, University of Derby, Derby, UK
| | - Felix Naughton
- School of Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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Examining sex, adverse childhood experiences, and oxytocin on neuroendocrine reactivity in smokers. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 120:104752. [PMID: 32634745 PMCID: PMC7502468 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) are associated with greater neuroendocrine responses to social stress in substance users. The neuropeptide oxytocin might attenuate this relationship. Given sex differences in ACE exposure and neuroendocrine stress reactivity, it is unknown whether this association is similar for males and females. Therefore, this secondary analysis evaluated the interactive effect of sex, ACE, and acute oxytocin administration on neuroendocrine stress responses in adult cigarette smokers (N = 144). Participants completed the Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire at screening and were randomized to receive intranasal oxytocin or placebo before undergoing the Trier Social Stress Task (TSST). Cortisol levels were assessed at pre- and post-medication administration and at 20 and 40 min following the TSST. Generalized linear mixed models were developed to predict post-TSST cortisol levels. Predictors included treatment assignment (placebo vs. oxytocin), sex (male vs. female), ACE (0-10 total score), pre-medication cortisol levels, and minutes since medication administration. The hypothesized three-way interaction between sex, oxytocin, and ACE scores was significant. Linear associations between ACE scores and cortisol reactivity indicated higher ACE scores were associated with attenuated cortisol response in females, regardless of treatment condition. For males, higher ACE scores were associated with heightened cortisol response, an effect that was attenuated by oxytocin. Results indicate that the association between ACE and neuroendocrine reactivity to social stress, as well as the attenuating effect of oxytocin, is differentially impacted by sex. Males with greater childhood adversity may be more likely to benefit from oxytocin's anxiolytic properties.
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Do Daily Compensatory Health Beliefs Predict Intention to Quit and Smoking Behavior? A Daily Diary Study during Smoking Cessation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17176419. [PMID: 32899272 PMCID: PMC7504513 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Compensatory health beliefs (CHBs) are a means to cope with motivational conflicts between intended health goals and the temptation for an unhealthy behavior. As CHBs can fluctuate on a daily basis, this study examined how daily CHBs are associated with daily intention to quit smoking and daily number of cigarettes smoked before and after a quit date at the between- and within-person level. The study comprised a prospective longitudinal design and investigated 83 women and 83 men for 32 consecutive days during an ongoing joint self-set quit attempt. Daily CHBs varied from day to day and between individuals. At the between-person level, higher women’s mean CHBs were associated with lower intention (b = −0.23, p = 0.04) and at the 10% level with more cigarettes smoked after the quit date (rate ratio (RR) = 1.92, p = 0.07). At the within-person level, women’s higher than usual CHBs were unrelated to intention to quit, but were related to less smoking before (RR = 0.96, p = 0.03) and at the 10% level after the quit date (RR = 0.91, p = 0.09). A marginally positive association between daily CHBs and smoking at the within-person level emerged for men. The negative effect of daily CHBs at the between-person level on smoking seems to unfold after the quit attempt and for women only.
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Dieterich R, Nickel S, Endrass T. Toward a valid electrocortical correlate of regulation of craving using single-trial regression. Int J Psychophysiol 2020; 155:152-161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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20
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Chukwueke CC, Kowalczyk WJ, Di Ciano P, Gendy M, Taylor R, Heishman SJ, Le Foll B. Exploring the role of the Ser9Gly (rs6280) Dopamine D3 receptor polymorphism in nicotine reinforcement and cue-elicited craving. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4085. [PMID: 32139730 PMCID: PMC7058013 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60940-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical studies show that the dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) is involved in the reinstatement of drug seeking and motivation for drugs of abuse. A D3R gene variant, Ser9Gly (rs6280) has been linked to nicotine dependence, yet the mechanisms underlying its involvement in nicotine dependence is unclear. This study investigated the relationship between the Ser9Gly variant and measures of both nicotine reinforcement and cue-elicited craving. Phenotypes of smoking behaviors were assessed in genetically grouped (Glycine vs. No Glycine carriers) current smokers (n = 104, ≥ 10 cigarettes per day). Laboratory measures included a forced choice session (to measure reinforcement of nicotine containing vs. denicotinized cigarettes), and a cue-reactivity session (to measure smoking cues vs. neutral cues elicited craving). The forced choice procedure revealed that subjective ratings were significantly higher in response to nicotinized compared to denicotinized cigarettes; however the Ser9Gly variant did not influence this effect. By comparison, smoking cues elicited greater craving over time compared to neutral cues, and Glycine carriers of the Ser9Gly D3R variant seem to experience a significant blunted cue-elicited craving effect. Results support D3R involvement in nicotine cue reactivity. However, more research is needed to reveal how this gene variant modulates various aspects of nicotine dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidera C Chukwueke
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - William J Kowalczyk
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, Hartwick College, Oneonta, New York, United States of America
| | - Patricia Di Ciano
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- CAMH, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marie Gendy
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard Taylor
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Stephen J Heishman
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Bernard Le Foll
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Acute Care Program, CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- CAMH, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Division of Brain and Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Tomko RL, Saladin ME, Baker NL, McClure EA, Carpenter MJ, Ramakrishnan VR, Heckman BW, Wray JM, Foster KT, Tiffany ST, Metts CL, Gray KM. Sex Differences in Subjective and Behavioral Responses to Stressful and Smoking Cues Presented in the Natural Environment of Smokers. Nicotine Tob Res 2020; 22:81-88. [PMID: 30371887 PMCID: PMC7297015 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/nty234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Some evidence suggests that female smokers may show more context-dependent smoking and that males may show more stereotyped smoking (regardless of stress or cue exposure). The goal of this study was to characterize sex differences in response to stressful and smoking cues ecologically presented in daily life and variability in day-to-day smoking behavior. METHODS Adult smokers (N = 177) provided ratings of mood and cigarette craving before and after stress and smoking cues were presented four times daily for 14 days via a mobile device. Linear mixed models tested whether (1) female smokers exhibited greater reactivity to stressful cues than male smokers; (2) pre-cue negative affect increased reactivity to smoking cues more in female smokers than male smokers; (3) across both sexes, greater reactivity to stressful and smoking cues correlated with greater quantity of smoking within a day; and (4) female smokers exhibited greater variability in cigarettes per day (CPD) relative to males. RESULTS Relative to male smokers, female smokers reported greater negative affect, stress, and craving in response to stressful cues, but not smoking cues, after accounting for time since last cigarette and pre-cue responding. No sex differences in CPD or variability in CPD were detected. Days with higher subjective reactivity to cues were not associated with increased smoking, in either males or females. CONCLUSIONS Sex differences were observed in response to stress but not smoking cues in the natural environment of regular cigarette smokers. Further research is necessary to evaluate whether stress reactivity in female smokers is associated with reduced latency to smoke following stress exposure in daily life. IMPLICATIONS This study provides naturalistic evidence that female smokers may not be more reactive to smoking cues than males, but experience heightened stress and craving following stress exposure. There was no evidence to support the hypothesis that amount smoked per day varied more for females, relative to males, as a result of more context-driven smoking for females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Tomko
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Michael E Saladin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
- Department of Health Sciences and Research, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Nathaniel L Baker
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Erin A McClure
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Matthew J Carpenter
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | | | - Bryan W Heckman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Jennifer M Wray
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC
- VA Center for Integrated Healthcare, Buffalo, NY
| | | | - Stephen T Tiffany
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY
| | - Christopher L Metts
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Kevin M Gray
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
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Collins BN, Nair US, DiSantis KI, Hovell MF, Davis SM, Rodriguez D, Audrain-McGovern J. Long-term Results From the FRESH RCT: Sustained Reduction of Children's Tobacco Smoke Exposure. Am J Prev Med 2020; 58:21-30. [PMID: 31759804 PMCID: PMC6960012 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2019.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Standard care interventions to reduce children's tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) may not be sufficient to promote behavior change in underserved populations. A previous study demonstrated the short-term efficacy of an experimental counseling intervention, Family Rules for Establishing Smokefree Homes (FRESH) compared with standard care on boosting low-income children's TSE reduction and maternal smoking at 16-week end of treatment (EOT). This study tested long-term posttreatment efficacy of this treatment through a 12-month follow-up. STUDY DESIGN This study was a two-arm RCT. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS Maternal smokers (n=300) not seeking cessation treatment were recruited from low-income, urban communities. Participants exposed their <4-year-old children to tobacco smoke daily. Data collection and analyses occurred from 2006 to 2018. INTERVENTION The FRESH behavioral intervention included 2 home visits and 7 phone sessions. FRESH used cognitive behavioral skills training, support, problem-solving, and positive social reinforcement to facilitate the adoption of increasingly challenging TSE-protection behaviors. No nicotine-replacement therapy or medication was provided. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Primary outcomes were child cotinine (TSE biomarker) and reported TSE from EOT through 12 months after treatment. A secondary outcome was bioverified maternal smoking cessation. RESULTS Compared with controls, children in FRESH had significantly lower cotinine (β= -0.31, p<0.01) and lower maternal-reported TSE (β= -1.48, p=0.001) through the 12-month follow-up. A significant effect of time (β= -0.03, p=0.003) reflected a posttreatment decrease in cotinine. There was no treatment × time interaction, suggesting the treatment effect at EOT was sustained after treatment. Compared with controls, FRESH mothers maintained significantly higher odds of quitting smoking from EOT through 12-month follow-up (OR=8.87, 95% CI=2.33, 33.75). CONCLUSIONS Study results with a sample of underserved maternal smokers demonstrated that the short-term effect of FRESH counseling at 16-week EOT was maintained through 12 months after treatment-for both bioverified child TSE reduction and maternal smoking cessation. Smokers in low-income communities demonstrate elevated challenges to success in standard smoking treatment. FRESH follow-up results suggest the high potential value of more-intensive behavioral intervention for vulnerable smokers. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT02117947.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley N Collins
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Uma S Nair
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Katie I DiSantis
- Department of Public Health, Arcadia University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Melbourne F Hovell
- Center for Behavioral Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - Samantha M Davis
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel Rodriguez
- Department of Urban Public Health and Nutrition, School of Nursing and Health Sciences, La Salle University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Janet Audrain-McGovern
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Suzuki S, Mell MM, O'Malley SS, Krystal JH, Anticevic A, Kober H. Regulation of Craving and Negative Emotion in Alcohol Use Disorder. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2019; 5:239-250. [PMID: 31892465 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a chronic, relapsing condition with poor treatment outcomes. Both alcohol craving and negative affect increase alcohol drinking, and-in healthy adults-can be attenuated using cognitive strategies, which rely on the prefrontal cortex (PFC). However, AUD is associated with cognitive impairments and PFC disruptions. Thus, we tested whether individuals with AUD can successfully recruit the PFC to effectively regulate craving and negative emotions, whether neural mechanisms are shared between the two types of regulation, and whether individual differences influence regulation success. METHODS During functional magnetic resonance imaging, participants with AUD completed the regulation of craving task (n = 17) that compares a cue-induced craving condition with an instructed regulation condition. They also completed the emotion regulation task (n = 15) that compares a negative affect condition with an instructed regulation condition. Regulation strategies were drawn from cognitive behavioral therapy treatments for AUD. Self-reported craving and negative affect were collected on each trial. RESULTS Individuals with AUD effectively regulated their craving and negative affect when instructed to do so using cognitive behavioral therapy-based strategies. Regulation was associated with recruitment of both common and distinct PFC regions across tasks, as well as with reduced activity in regions associated with craving and negative affect (e.g., ventral striatum, amygdala). Effective regulation of craving was associated with negative alcohol expectancies. CONCLUSIONS Both common and distinct regulatory systems underlie regulation of craving and negative emotions in AUD, with notable individual differences. This has important implications for AUD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shosuke Suzuki
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Maggie Mae Mell
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Stephanie S O'Malley
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - John H Krystal
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Alan Anticevic
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Hedy Kober
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Marijuana is the most commonly used illicit drug in the United States and co-use with tobacco is increasing. Preliminary studies have indicated that marijuana may suppress luteinizing hormone (LH) or shorten the luteal phase. Although the literature is mixed, these sex hormones may play a role in smoking cessation outcomes. This secondary subgroup analysis aims to explore the menstrual cycle of females who co-use marijuana and tobacco compared with females who only use tobacco in a sample of tobacco treatment-seeking individuals. METHODS Female participants, aged 18 to 50 years, who self-reported regular menstrual cycles and co-use of marijuana and tobacco were matched 1:3 by age to participants who only use tobacco. Length of the follicular and luteal phases was determined using First Response Urine LH tests. Wilcoxon 2-sample t tests were used to determine differences in phase lengths between groups. RESULTS Thirteen women who co-use marijuana and tobacco, and 39 women who only use tobacco were included in this analysis. Overall, participants were 37.3 ± 8.0 (SD) years of age, mostly Caucasian (67%), and smoked 12.6 ± 5.2 (SD) cigarettes per day. The luteal phase length among participants who co-use marijuana and tobacco (11.4 days ± 2.2 [SD]) was significantly shorter than among participants who only use tobacco (16.8 days ± 11.3 [SD]; P = 0.002). No differences were found in follicular phase length or menstrual cycle length. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that females who co-use marijuana and tobacco may have a shortened luteal phase in comparison with females who only use tobacco. Further studies are needed to better understand how marijuana use may impact the menstrual cycle and affect smoking outcomes.
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Masiero M, Lucchiari C, Maisonneuve P, Pravettoni G, Veronesi G, Mazzocco K. The Attentional Bias in Current and Former Smokers. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:154. [PMID: 31354446 PMCID: PMC6637300 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Attentional bias has been defined as the propensity of a person to allocate selective attention automatically to salient cues (Field and Powell, 2007). In the case of smoking, this bias implies that smokers are implicitly attracted by smoking-related stimuli, which produce behavioral, memory, and emotional effects (Volkow et al., 2006; Giardini et al., 2009). In more detail, scientific evidence pointed out that smoking is strongly supported by attentional bias that activates craving and urgency to smoke a cigarette. However, poor and conflicting data are available regarding the role of this cognitive bias on former smokers. The main aim of this study is to explore the occurrence of the attentional bias on of both current and former smokers, also with the aim to identify associations with behavioral, psychological and cognitive characteristic of participants. We collected data on 245 current, volunteers (male 50.6%; female 49.4%) aged 54.81 (SD = 14.352, range = 18–63), divided in current smokers (98), former smokers (102) and non-smokers (45). A combination of neuropsychology tests (Emotional Smoke Stroop Task and Go/no-Go task), and standardized questionnaires [Behavioral Inhibition System-Behavioral Approach System (BIS-BAS), Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, Motivational questionnaire] were used to assess the attentional bias, psychological variables, and smoking-related characteristics. Responses at the Emotional Smoke Stroop task revealed that current and former smokers are actually slower than non-smokers are when facing smoking cues, while performances at other Stroop conditions and at the Go/no-Go task are not statistically different. These results confirmed the occurrence of the attentional bias in current smokers, and above all points out that the same effect is present in former smokers. We found only small and selective correlations between attentional bias and psychological variables (e.g., impulsiveness and inhibition). In particular, impulsivity is not directly associated with the AB intensity. Also, smoking characteristics (e.g., years of smoking and dependence level) and the length of the period of abstinence do not seem to modulate implicit cognition of smoking cue. Our data support the idea that the attentional bias may be considered relevant in sustaining smoking and favoring relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Masiero
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (DIBIC), Luigi Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCSS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Patrick Maisonneuve
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCSS, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pravettoni
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCSS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Emato-Oncology (DIPO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Veronesi
- Division of Thoracic and General Surgery, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Ketti Mazzocco
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCSS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Emato-Oncology (DIPO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Le TM, Wang W, Zhornitsky S, Dhingra I, Zhang S, Li CSR. Reward sensitivity and electrodermal responses to actions and outcomes in a go/no-go task. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219147. [PMID: 31344045 PMCID: PMC6657849 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin conductance response (SCR) is used in psychophysiological research to measure the reactions of the autonomic nervous system to reward and punishment. While there is consistent evidence that SCR increases to both aversive and appetitive stimuli, it remains unclear whether SCR simply represents a general index of arousal to motivationally significant outcomes or may also differentiate action or inhibition of action that lead to such outcomes. Furthermore, individual differences in trait sensitivity to reward and punishment can influence physiological arousal during approach and avoidance behaviors. Yet, their inter-relationships have not been examined. To address these gaps, we employed a reward go/no-go task with ⅔ go and ⅓ no-go trials and an individually titrated go response window. Correct go and no-go responses were rewarded while incorrect responses were penalized. We examined whether SCR varied with outcome (win vs. loss), action (go vs. no-go), and individual differences in reward sensitivity (SR) and sex. The results showed greater SCRs to loss vs. win, to go vs. no-go success, and to go success in positive correlation with SR. Further, SCR mediated the relationship between SR and go success rate. In sex differences, men exhibited greater SCR which was more predictive of go success rate relative to women. In contrast, SCR was more predictive of no-go success rate in women. Thus, SCR varies according to behavioral contingency, outcome, sex, and reward sensitivity. These findings add to the literature by characterizing the individual and behavioral factors that may influence physiological arousal in response to salient events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thang M. Le
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Wuyi Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Simon Zhornitsky
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Isha Dhingra
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Chiang-Shan R. Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
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Karch S, Paolini M, Gschwendtner S, Jeanty H, Reckenfelderbäumer A, Yaseen O, Maywald M, Fuchs C, Rauchmann BS, Chrobok A, Rabenstein A, Ertl-Wagner B, Pogarell O, Keeser D, Rüther T. Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback in Patients With Tobacco Use Disorder During Smoking Cessation: Functional Differences and Implications of the First Training Session in Regard to Future Abstinence or Relapse. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:65. [PMID: 30886575 PMCID: PMC6409331 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most prominent symptoms in addiction disorders is the strong desire to consume a particular substance or to show a certain behavior (craving). The strong association between craving and the probability of relapse emphasizes the importance of craving in the therapeutic process. Former studies have demonstrated that neuromodulation using real-time fMRI (rtfMRI) neurofeedback (NF) can be used as a treatment modality in patients with tobacco use disorder. The aim of the present project was to determine whether it is possible to predict the outcome of NF training plus group psychotherapy at the beginning of the treatment. For that purpose, neuronal responses during the first rtfMRI NF session of patients who remained abstinent for at least 3 months were compared to those of patients with relapse. All patients were included in a certified smoke-free course and took part in three NF sessions. During the rtfMRI NF sessions tobacco-associated and neutral pictures were presented. Subjects were instructed to reduce their neuronal responses during the presentation of smoking cues in an individualized region of interest for craving [anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), insula or dorsolateral prefrontal cortex]. Patients were stratified to different groups [abstinence (N = 10) vs. relapse (N = 12)] according to their individual smoking status 3 months after the rtfMRI NF training. A direct comparison of BOLD responses during the first NF-session of patients who had remained abstinent over 3 months after the NF training and patients who had relapsed after 3 months showed that patients of the relapse group demonstrated enhanced BOLD responses, especially in the ACC, the supplementary motor area as well as dorsolateral prefrontal areas, compared to abstinent patients. These results suggest that there is a probability of estimating a successful withdrawal in patients with tobacco use disorder by analyzing the first rtfMRI NF session: a pronounced reduction of frontal responses during NF training in patients might be the functional correlate of better therapeutic success. The results of the first NF sessions could be useful as predictor whether a patient will be able to achieve success after the behavioral group therapy and NF training in quitting smoking or not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Karch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marco Paolini
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sarah Gschwendtner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hannah Jeanty
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Arne Reckenfelderbäumer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Omar Yaseen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Maywald
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Fuchs
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Boris-Stephan Rauchmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Chrobok
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Rabenstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Birgit Ertl-Wagner
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Pogarell
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Keeser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Rüther
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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28
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Stevens EM, Frank D, Codispoti M, Kypriotakis G, Cinciripini PM, Claiborne K, Deweese MM, Engelmann JM, Green CE, Karam-Hage M, Minnix JA, Ng J, Robinson JD, Tyndale RF, Vidrine DJ, Versace F. The Late Positive Potentials Evoked by Cigarette-Related and Emotional Images Show no Gender Differences in Smokers. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3240. [PMID: 30824792 PMCID: PMC6397300 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39954-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
When trying to quit, women are less likely than men to achieve long-term smoking abstinence. Identifying the neuropsychological mechanisms underlying women's higher relapse vulnerability will help clinicians to develop effective tailored smoking cessation interventions. Here we used event-related potentials (ERPs), a direct measure of brain activity, to evaluate the extent to which neurophysiological responses to cigarette-related and other emotional stimuli differ between female and male smokers. Both women and men showed similar patterns of brain reactivity across all picture categories; pleasant and unpleasant images prompted larger Late Positive Potentials (LPPs, a robust measure of motivational relevance) than neutral images in both groups, and cigarette-related images prompted lower LPPs than high arousing emotional images in both groups. Unlike previous studies, there were no differences between male and female smokers with regard to LPP responses to cigarette-related images. This suggests that the LPP may not be ideally suited to discriminate neurophysiological gender differences or that there are simply no gender differences in the neurophysiological responses to cigarette-related stimuli. We collected ERPs from 222 non-nicotine-deprived smokers (101 women) while they watched a slideshow that included high and low emotionally arousing pleasant and unpleasant pictures, cigarette-related, and neutral pictures. We used the mean amplitude of the LPP to assess the affective significance that participants attributed to these pictures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise M Stevens
- Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma Tobacco Research Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - David Frank
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Menton M Deweese
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Teaching and Learning, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Charles E Green
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maher Karam-Hage
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Jennifer Ng
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jason D Robinson
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rachel F Tyndale
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Damon J Vidrine
- Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma Tobacco Research Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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29
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Fillo J, Kamper-DeMarco KE, Brown WC, Stasiewicz PR, Bradizza CM. Emotion regulation difficulties and social control correlates of smoking among pregnant women trying to quit. Addict Behav 2019; 89:104-112. [PMID: 30286396 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 15% of US women currently smoke during pregnancy. An important step toward providing effective smoking cessation interventions during pregnancy is to identify individuals who are more likely to encounter difficulty quitting. Pregnant smokers frequently report smoking in response to intrapersonal factors (e.g., negative emotions), but successful cessation attempts can also be influenced by interpersonal factors (i.e., influence from close others). This study examined the association between emotion regulation difficulties, positive and negative social control (e.g., encouragement, criticism), and smoking cessation-related variables (i.e., smoking quantity, withdrawal symptoms) among pregnant smokers. Data were drawn from the pretreatment wave of a smoking cessation trial enrolling low-income pregnant women who self-reported smoking in response to negative affect (N = 73). Greater emotion regulation difficulties were related to greater smoking urges (b = 0.295, p = .042) and withdrawal symptoms (b = 0.085, p = .003). Additionally, more negative social control from close others was related to fewer smoking days (b = -0.614, p = .042) and higher smoking abstinence self-efficacy (b = 0.017, p = .002). More positive social control from close others interacted with negative affect smoking (b = -0.052, p = .043); the association between negative affect smoking and nicotine dependence (b = 0.812, p < .001) only occurred at low levels of positive social control. Findings suggest that emotion regulation difficulties may contribute to smoking during pregnancy by exacerbating women's negative experiences related to smoking cessation attempts. Negative social control was related to lower smoking frequency and greater confidence in quitting smoking, suggesting that it may assist pregnant smokers' cessation efforts. Positive social control buffered women from the effects of negative affect smoking on nicotine dependence. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01163864.
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30
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Beutel TF, Zwerenz R, Michal M. Psychosocial stress impairs health behavior in patients with mental disorders. BMC Psychiatry 2018; 18:375. [PMID: 30509234 PMCID: PMC6278074 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-018-1956-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been shown, that in the general population psychosocial stress affects health behaviors. However similar studies of high risk populations are sparse. Therefore, the aim of this cross-sectional study is to analyze the association between common psychosocial stressors and health behavior in a sample of patients with mental disorders. METHODS We analyzed data of n = 2326 outpatients from a mental health care department. Severity of psychosocial stress was assessed by the PHQ-stress module of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ). Health behaviors included obesity, uncontrolled eating, smoking and physical inactivity. Multiple binary regression models were conducted for the PHQ-stress score and for each of the ten PHQ-stress items as independent variables. RESULTS 'Financial stress' and 'having no one to turn to with problems' were mainly associated with adverse health behaviors after adjustment for multivariate effects. The most affected health behaviors were uncontrolled eating in both sexes and obesity in women. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate specific influences of psychosocial stressors on unhealthy behaviors in a clinical sample. Patients with financial strain and lack of social support might need specific support for improving their health behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Fabian Beutel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, 55131, Mainz, Germany. .,Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 67, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Rüdiger Zwerenz
- grid.410607.4Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Michal
- grid.410607.4Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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31
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Li X, Chen L, Ma R, Wang H, Wan L, Wang Y, Bu J, Hong W, Lv W, Vollstädt-Klein S, Yang Y, Zhang X. The top-down regulation from the prefrontal cortex to insula via hypnotic aversion suggestions reduces smoking craving. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 40:1718-1728. [PMID: 30467911 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypnosis has been shown to have treatment effects on nicotine addiction. However, the neural basis of these effects is poorly understood. This preliminary study investigated the neural mechanisms of hypnosis-based treatment on cigarette smoking, specifically, whether the hypnosis involves a top-down or bottom-up mechanism. Two groups of 45 smokers underwent a smoking aversion suggestion and viewed smoking-related pictures and neutral pictures. One group underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning twice (control and hypnotic states), whereas the other group underwent two electroencephalograph sessions. Our study found that self-reported smoking craving decreased in both groups following hypnosis. Smoking cue-elicited activations in the right dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (rDLPFC) and left insula (lI) and the functional connectivity between the rDLPFC and lI were increased in the hypnotic state compared with the control state. The delta band source waveforms indicated the activation from 390 to 862 ms at the rDLPFC and from 490 to 900 ms at the lI was significantly different between the smoking and neutral conditions in the hypnotic state, suggesting the activation in the rDLPFC preceded that in the lI. These results suggest that the decreased smoking craving via hypnotic aversion suggestions may arise from the top-down regulation of the rDLPFC to the lI. Our findings provide novel neurobiological evidence for understanding the therapeutic effects of hypnosis on nicotine addiction, and the prefrontal-insula circuit may serve as an imaging biomarker to monitor the treatment efficacy noninvasively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Li
- Department of Medical Psychology, Chaohu Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lijun Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ru Ma
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Haibao Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Li Wan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Junjie Bu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wei Hong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wanwan Lv
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Sabine Vollstädt-Klein
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Yihong Yang
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiaochu Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China.,Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Mental Research Center on Alcohol Addiction, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China
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32
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Ramchandani VA, Stangl BL, Blaine SK, Plawecki MH, Schwandt ML, Kwako LE, Sinha R, Cyders MA, O'Connor S, Zakhari S. Stress vulnerability and alcohol use and consequences: From human laboratory studies to clinical outcomes. Alcohol 2018; 72:75-88. [PMID: 30322482 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that vulnerability to stress is a risk factor for alcohol use disorder (AUD). Chronic alcohol use can result in neuroadaptations in cortico-striatal pathways and hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis function that are manifested in altered behavioral and cognitive control functions contributing to alcohol craving, compulsive motivation, consumption, and consequences. This symposium brings together studies utilizing novel approaches to help improve our understanding of stress - past, acute, and chronic - on alcohol seeking and consumption and related outcomes using a combination of human laboratory models, neuroimaging, and clinical measures. Examining factors that determine vulnerability as well as resilience to stress are of particular interest in the study of AUD because, in addition to increasing our understanding of the risk factors for AUD, such knowledge can be used to develop more effective treatments. Dr. Stangl presented a novel human experimental model that demonstrates, for the first time, stress-induced increases in alcohol self-administration in binge drinkers using a guided imagery paradigm combined with intravenous alcohol self-administration (IV-ASA). Dr. Blaine presented data demonstrating that glucocorticoid response to stress drives compulsive alcohol motivation and intake in binge/heavy drinkers. Dr. Plawecki presented data examining sex differences in the effect of two distinct stress paradigms - mood induction and abstinence - on IV-ASA in moderate drinkers. Dr. Schwandt presented clinical data providing a new perspective on the relationship between childhood trauma and AUD by suggesting possible underlying mechanisms that confer resilience, rather than vulnerability, to severe early life stress exposure.
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The role of childhood trauma and stress reactivity for increased alcohol craving after induced psychological trauma: an experimental analogue study. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:2883-2895. [PMID: 30203300 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-4979-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic events are associated with alcohol use problems with increased alcohol craving as a potential mediator. There is still a lack of knowledge regarding the causal nature of this association and its underlying mechanisms. This study investigated the effects of acute trauma exposure on alcohol craving in healthy individuals considering the role of stress reactivity and childhood trauma (CT) using a laboratory randomized controlled design. METHODS Ninety-five healthy participants were randomly exposed to a trauma or a neutral film. History of CT, and pre- to post-film changes in craving (craving reactivity, CR), anxiety, skin conductance, heart rate, and saliva cortisol levels were assessed. Moreover, associations between trauma film exposure and CR, the moderating role of CT, and associations between CT, stress reactivity, and trauma-induced CR were analyzed. RESULTS Relative to the neutral film, the trauma film elicited an increase in CR in females but not in males. In males but not in females, the association between trauma film exposure and CR was moderated by CT, with trauma-induced CR increasing with the number of CT. In males, CT was related to decreased cortisol reactivity and increased heart rate and skin conductance response of which skin conductance was also associated with CR. DISCUSSION These findings provide further evidence for a causal link between traumatic experiences and CR. While this association seems to be stronger in females, males might still be at risk in case of other vulnerability factors such as CT, with altered sympathetic stress reactivity as a potential contributing mechanism.
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McCabe SE, Matthews AK, Lee JGL, Veliz P, Hughes TL, Boyd CJ. Tobacco Use and Sexual Orientation in a National Cross-sectional Study: Age, Race/Ethnicity, and Sexual Identity-Attraction Differences. Am J Prev Med 2018; 54:736-745. [PMID: 29656916 PMCID: PMC5962411 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study is to determine the past-year prevalence estimates of any nicotine/tobacco use, cigarette smoking, and DSM-5 tobacco use disorder based on sexual identity among U.S. adults, and to examine potential variations in these estimates by age, race/ethnicity, and sexual identity-attraction concordance/discordance. METHODS The 2012-2013 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions collected data via in-person interviews with a cross-sectional nationally representative sample of non-institutionalized adults (response rate=60.1%) and analyses for the present study were conducted in 2017. RESULTS Any past-year nicotine/tobacco use, cigarette smoking, and DSM-5 tobacco use disorder were most prevalent among sexual minority-identified adults compared with heterosexual-identified adults, with notable variations based on sex, age, race/ethnicity, and sexual identity-attraction discordance. Elevated rates of any nicotine/tobacco use, cigarette smoking, and DSM-5 tobacco use disorder among sexual minorities were most prevalent among younger lesbian women and gay men, and all age groups of bisexual men and women. The odds of any nicotine/tobacco use, cigarette smoking, and DSM-5 tobacco use disorder were significantly greater among sexual identity-attraction discordant women and significantly lower among sexual identity-attraction discordant men. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide valuable new information about sexual minority subgroups, such as self-identified bisexual older adults and sexual identity-attraction discordant women, that appear to be at higher risk for adverse smoking-related health consequences as a result of their elevated rates of cigarette smoking. Additional attention is warranted to examine these high-risk subpopulations prospectively and, if the results are replicated with larger samples, this information can be used to target smoking-cessation and lung cancer screening efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Esteban McCabe
- Center for the Study of Drugs, Alcohol, Smoking and Health, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Institute for Research on Women and Gender, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
| | - Alicia K Matthews
- College of Nursing, Department of Health Systems Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Joseph G L Lee
- College of Health and Human Performance, Department of Health Education and Promotion, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Phil Veliz
- Center for the Study of Drugs, Alcohol, Smoking and Health, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Institute for Research on Women and Gender, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Tonda L Hughes
- School of Nursing and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Carol J Boyd
- Center for the Study of Drugs, Alcohol, Smoking and Health, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Institute for Research on Women and Gender, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Addiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Ferrer R, Orehek E, Scheier MF, O’Connell ME. Cigarette tax rates, behavioral disengagement, and quit ratios among daily smokers. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 66:13-21. [PMID: 30420788 PMCID: PMC6226098 DOI: 10.1016/j.joep.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette taxation is an economics-based policy associated with increased population-level quit ratios. However, the estimated effects of tax increase on smoking behavior vary substantially, underscoring the need to identify moderating variables. We examined whether behavioral disengagement - the tendency to abandon goals when experiencing stress - modified the association between cigarette taxes and daily smoking behavior. We connected state-level cigarette tax rate data with individual-level behavioral data, including a national sample of 725 US adults who smoked daily at baseline and reported follow-up data approximately 10 years later, and 376 who were resampled a third time after another 10 years. Analyses involved multilevel logistic regression (with time as a nested variable and anonymized state codes as a grouping variable), where current smoking status (dichotomous) was regressed on behavioral disengagement, state-level cigarette tax at baseline and current time, and the interaction between disengagement and current tax. Consistent with hypotheses, tax rate interacted with disengagement (OR=0.95, 95% CI=0.90,0.99, p=.0255): Among those one SD above the mean for disengagement, tax rate was unassociated with quit ratio (OR=0.99, 95% CI=0.85,1.16, p=.6975). However, among those one SD below the mean, tax rate was significantly associated with higher quit ratio (OR=1.22, 95% CI=1.04,1.43, p=.0163). Our data suggest the possibility that cigarette taxes may be more effective in facilitating cessation among smokers low in behavioral disengagement or when accompanied by interventions that reduce stress or maintain goal pursuit. Identifying psychological moderators of policy effectiveness holds promise for improving policy design and targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Ferrer
- Basic Biobehavioral and Psychological Sciences Branch, Behavioral Research Program, National Cancer Institute,
Bethesda MD
| | - Edward Orehek
- University of Pittsburgh Department of Psychology, Pittsburgh PA
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Thalamic Cortical Error-Related Responses in Adult Social Drinkers: Sex Differences and Problem Alcohol Use. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2018; 3:868-877. [PMID: 29859929 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Error-related brain activities are altered in individuals with substance use disorders. Here we examined error-related activities in relation to problem drinking in nondependent alcohol drinkers. In particular, we investigated sex differences and whether altered error responses are related to post-error behavioral control. METHODS A sample of 145 nondependent drinkers (77 women) performed the stop-signal task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Imaging data were processed and modeled using statistical parametric mapping. Independent sample t test and linear regression were employed to examine sex differences in error response and relationship between error response and problem drinking. RESULTS Compared with men, women showed greater error-related (stop error > go success) activations in the bilateral thalamus, right middle/superior temporal cortex, and bilateral dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. In whole-brain linear regression of error responses against the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test score, a wide swath of cortical and subcortical regions, including the thalamus, showed decreased activation in association with problem drinking in women but not in men. However, men and women were not different in the extent of post-error slowing and decreased thalamic error response in association with problem drinking was not related to the extent of post-error slowing in women. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest sex differences in error-related activations with heavier drinking associated with reduced error activations in women but not in men. These differences in cerebral activations may reflect higher physiological arousal in response to errors and greater vulnerability of saliency-related arousal response to problem drinking in female as compared with male social drinkers.
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Role of Exogenous Progesterone in the Treatment of Men and Women with Substance Use Disorders: A Narrative Review. CNS Drugs 2018; 32:421-435. [PMID: 29761343 PMCID: PMC6235727 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-018-0525-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Substance use disorders (SUDs) remain problematic as many individuals are untreated or do not benefit from the currently available interventions. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop novel pharmacological interventions to treat SUDs. Evidence suggests that the female sex hormone, progesterone, attenuates the craving for and the euphoric effects of drugs of abuse. Research to date has demonstrated that progesterone may modulate responses to drugs of abuse and may have utility as a novel treatment for SUDs. A literature search was conducted to identify and examine studies that administered exogenous progesterone. Sixteen publications were identified, exploring the utility of exogenous progesterone or its metabolite, allopregnanolone, among a range of substances, including amphetamines (one study), benzodiazepines (one study), cocaine (nine studies), and tobacco/nicotine (five studies). Results indicated that exogenous progesterone and, its metabolite allopregnanolone, demonstrated preliminary efficacy as a treatment for substance use in both men and women. Notably, progesterone appears to target negative affect and augment cognitive functioning, especially among female substance users. Additional research is needed to explore the potential use of exogenous progesterone and allopregnanolone in the treatment of SUDs, including that associated with alcohol and opioids, but considering the current promising findings, exogenous progesterone and allopregnanolone may have utility as novel pharmacological treatments for SUDs.
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Riley AL, Hempel BJ, Clasen MM. Sex as a biological variable: Drug use and abuse. Physiol Behav 2017; 187:79-96. [PMID: 29030249 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The study of sex as a biological variable is a necessary emphasis across a wide array of endpoints, including basic neuroscience, medicine, mental health, physiology and behavior. The present review summarizes work from clinical and preclinical populations on sex differences in drug use and abuse, ranging from initiation to escalation/dysregulation and from drug cessation/abstinence to relapse. These differences are analyzed in the context of the addiction cycle conceptualization of Koob and his colleagues and address patterns of drug use (binge/intoxication), motivation underlying its use (withdrawal/negative affect) and likelihood and causes of craving and relapse of drug taking (preoccupation/anticipation). Following this overview, an assessment of the basis for the reported sex differences is discussed in the context of the affective (rewarding and aversive) properties of drugs of abuse and how such properties and their balance vary with sex and contribute to drug intake. Finally, the interaction of sex with several experiential (drug history) and subject (age) factors and how these interactions affect reward and aversion are discussed to highlight the importance of understanding such interactions in predicting drug use and abuse. We note that sex as a biological variable remains one of critical evaluation and that such investigations of sex differences in drug use and abuse continue and be expanded to assess all facets of their mediation, including these affective properties, how their balance may be impacted by the multiple conditions under which drugs are taken and how this overall balance affects drug use and addiction vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony L Riley
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave, NW, Washington, D.C. 20016, USA.
| | - Briana J Hempel
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave, NW, Washington, D.C. 20016, USA
| | - Matthew M Clasen
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave, NW, Washington, D.C. 20016, USA
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Chen A, Krebs NM, Zhu J, Sun D, Stennett A, Muscat JE. Sex/Gender Differences in Cotinine Levels Among Daily Smokers in the Pennsylvania Adult Smoking Study. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2017; 26:1222-1230. [PMID: 28872928 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2016.6317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was conducted to determine sex/gender differences in smoke exposure and to quantify the role of potential predictors including puffing behaviors, nicotine dependence, and non-nicotinic factors. METHODS The Pennsylvania Adult Smoking Study (PASS) of 332 adult cigarette smokers utilized portable handheld topography devices to capture the smokers' profiles in a naturalistic environment. Sex/gender differences in salivary biomarkers were modeled using ANCOVA to account for measures of dependence (Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence, nicotine metabolite ratio [3-hydroxycotinine/cotinine]), and nondependence covariates including anthropomorphic factors and stress. The Blinder-Oaxaca method was used to decompose the sex/gender differences in nicotine uptake due to covariates. RESULTS Men had significantly higher cotinine levels (313.5 ng/mL vs. 255.8 ng/mL, p < 0.01), cotinine +3-hydroxycotinine levels, (0.0787 mol/L vs. 0.0675 mol/L, p = 0.01), puff volumes (52.95 mL vs. 44.77 mL, p < 0.01), and a lower nicotine metabolite ratio (0.396 vs. 0.475, p = 0.01) than women. The mean Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence score did not differ between men and women (p = 0.24). Women had a higher mean Hooked on Tobacco Checklist score than men (7.64 vs. 6.87, p < 0.01). In multivariate analysis, nicotine metabolite levels were not significantly different by sex. Decomposition results show that ten predictors can explain 83% of the sex/gender differences in cotinine uptake. Height was the greatest contributor to these differences, followed by average puff volume. Conclusion and Impact: The higher levels of nicotine metabolites in men, compared to women, can be explained by height, weight, puff volume, and nicotine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allshine Chen
- 1 Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine , Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Nicolle M Krebs
- 1 Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine , Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Junjia Zhu
- 1 Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine , Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Dongxiao Sun
- 2 Department of Pharmacology, Penn State University , Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrea Stennett
- 1 Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine , Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Joshua E Muscat
- 1 Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine , Hershey, Pennsylvania
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Dumais KM, Franklin TR, Jagannathan K, Hager N, Gawrysiak M, Betts J, Farmer S, Guthier E, Pater H, Janes AC, Wetherill RR. Multi-site exploration of sex differences in brain reactivity to smoking cues: Consensus across sites and methodologies. Drug Alcohol Depend 2017; 178:469-476. [PMID: 28711813 PMCID: PMC5567981 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biological sex influences cigarette smoking behavior. More men than women smoke, but women have a harder time quitting. Sex differences in smoking cue (SC) reactivity may underlie such behavioral differences. However, the influence of sex on brain reactivity to SCs has yielded inconsistent findings suggesting the need for continued study. Here, we investigated the effect of sex on SC reactivity across two sites using different imaging modalities and SC stimulus types. METHODS Pseudo-continuous arterial spin-labeled (pCASL) perfusion functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to assess brain responses to SC versus non-SC videos in 40 smokers (23 females) at the University of Pennsylvania. BOLD fMRI was used to assess brain responses to SC versus non-SC still images in 32 smokers (18 females) at McLean Hospital. Brain reactivity to SCs was compared between men and women and was correlated with SC-induced craving. RESULTS In both cohorts, males showed higher SC versus non-SC reactivity compared to females in reward-related brain regions (i.e., ventral striatum/ventral pallidum, ventral medial prefrontal cortex). Brain activation during SC versus non-SC exposure correlated positively with SC-induced subjective craving in males, but not females. CONCLUSIONS The current work provides much needed replication and validation of sex differences in SC-reactivity. These findings also add to a body of literature showing that men have greater reward-related brain activation to drug cues across drug classes. Such sex differences confirm the need to consider sex not only when evaluating SC-reactivity but when examining nicotine dependence etiology and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Dumais
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School,115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA.
| | - Teresa R Franklin
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania,3900 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kanchana Jagannathan
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania,3900 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Nathan Hager
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania,3900 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Michael Gawrysiak
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania,3900 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jennifer Betts
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School,115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Stacey Farmer
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School,115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Emily Guthier
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania,3900 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Heather Pater
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania,3900 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Amy C Janes
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School,115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Reagan R Wetherill
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania,3900 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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Sex-Specific Differences in the Association Between Childhood Adversity and Cardiovascular Disease in Adulthood: Evidence From a National Cohort Study. Can J Cardiol 2017; 33:1013-1019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Bi Y, Zhang Y, Li Y, Yu D, Yuan K, Tian J. 12h abstinence-induced right anterior insula network pattern changes in young smokers. Drug Alcohol Depend 2017; 176:162-168. [PMID: 28544994 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The strong craving to smoke is a core factor of smoking abstinence that precipitates relapse. Insula plays critical roles in maintaining nicotine dependence, especially in the interoceptive awareness of craving. Despite evidence indicating a link between insula and abstinence-induced craving, less is known about the neural basis of abstinence-induced craving from the circuit level of insula. METHODS The present study examined the effects of 12h of abstinence from smoking on the resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) of anterior (AI) and posterior insula in young smokers using a within-subject design. Thirty-three young male smokers underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning on two separate sessions: (1) smoking satiety and (2) abstinence (after ≥12h of smoking deprivation), in counterbalanced order. Multiple regression analysis was applied to investigate the possible relationships between the RSFC changes of insula (abstinence minus satiety) and the abstinence-induced craving changes. RESULTS Smoking abstinence state (versus satiety) was associated with increased RSFC between right AI and right medial orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), ventromedial prefrontal cortex as well as anterior cingulate cortex. The abstinence-induced RSFC changes between right AI and right lateral OFC was significantly correlated with the craving changes. CONCLUSIONS These findings improve the understanding of the effects of short-term smoking abstinence on insula circuit connectivity and may contribute new insights into the neural basis of abstinence-induced craving to smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhi Bi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, PR China
| | - Yajuan Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, PR China
| | - Yangding Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Multi-source Information Mining and Security, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, PR China
| | - Dahua Yu
- Information Processing Laboratory, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Kai Yuan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, PR China; Information Processing Laboratory, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, PR China.
| | - Jie Tian
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, PR China; Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
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Restructuring Reward Mechanisms in Nicotine Addiction: A Pilot fMRI Study of Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement for Cigarette Smokers. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:7018014. [PMID: 28373890 PMCID: PMC5360937 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7018014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The primary goal of this pilot feasibility study was to examine the effects of Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement (MORE), a behavioral treatment grounded in dual-process models derived from cognitive science, on frontostriatal reward processes among cigarette smokers. Healthy adult (N = 13; mean (SD) age 49 ± 12.2) smokers provided informed consent to participate in a 10-week study testing MORE versus a comparison group (CG). All participants underwent two fMRI scans: pre-tx and after 8-weeks of MORE. Emotion regulation (ER), smoking cue reactivity (CR), and resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) were assessed at each fMRI visit; smoking and mood were assessed throughout. As compared to the CG, MORE significantly reduced smoking (d = 2.06) and increased positive affect (d = 2.02). MORE participants evidenced decreased CR-BOLD response in ventral striatum (VS; d = 1.57) and ventral prefrontal cortex (vPFC; d = 1.7) and increased positive ER-BOLD in VS (dVS = 2.13) and vPFC (dvmPFC = 2.66). Importantly, ER was correlated with smoking reduction (r's = .68 to .91) and increased positive affect (r's = .52 to .61). These findings provide preliminary evidence that MORE may facilitate the restructuring of reward processes and play a role in treating the pathophysiology of nicotine addiction.
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Keyser-Marcus L, Vassileva J, Stewart K, Johns S. Impulsivity and cue reactivity in smokers with comorbid depression and anxiety: Possible implications for smoking cessation treatment strategies. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2017; 43:432-441. [DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2017.1287190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lori Keyser-Marcus
- Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jasmin Vassileva
- Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Karen Stewart
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavior Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sade Johns
- Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Tomko RL, Saladin ME, McClure EA, Squeglia LM, Carpenter MJ, Tiffany ST, Baker NL, Gray KM. Alcohol consumption as a predictor of reactivity to smoking and stress cues presented in the natural environment of smokers. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:427-435. [PMID: 27838746 PMCID: PMC5228531 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-016-4472-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE The high prevalence of co-occurring alcohol and tobacco use underscores the importance of understanding the influence of alcohol consumption on risk factors for smoking and relapse. Alcohol has been shown to impact reactivity to smoking and stress-related cues, both of which are common antecedents to smoking and smoking relapse. OBJECTIVE The objective of the current study is to examine associations between alcohol use, cigarette craving, and stress reactivity following exposure to smoking and stress cues delivered in participants' daily lives. METHODS Using cue-reactivity ecological momentary assessment (CREMA), adult smokers (n = 138) reported cigarette craving, stress, and past hour alcohol use on a mobile device four times per day for 2 weeks, resulting in a range of 4493-5983 data points per analysis. Questions were followed by exposure to pictorial neutral, stressful, or smoking cues delivered via the mobile device. Craving and affect were re-assessed following cue exposure. RESULTS Results showed that recent (past hour) alcohol use was significantly associated with increases in the following: (a) tonic (non-cue-elicited) cigarette craving, (b) stress cue-elicited cigarette craving, and (c) stress cue-elicited stress reactivity, in the context of high-baseline stress. There was no significant association between alcohol use and smoking cue-elicited craving. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol use may increase risk for smoking and relapse to smoking by increasing cigarette craving and, in certain contexts, stress following stress cue exposure. Though alcohol is known for its anxiolytic properties, under some conditions, it may increase reactivity to stress cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L. Tomko
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425-8610, USA
| | - Michael E. Saladin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425-8610, USA,Department of Health Sciences and Research, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Erin A. McClure
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425-8610, USA
| | - Lindsay M. Squeglia
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425-8610, USA
| | - Matthew J. Carpenter
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425-8610, USA,Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Stephen T. Tiffany
- University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14228, USA
| | - Nathaniel L. Baker
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Kevin M. Gray
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425-8610, USA
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Dahne J, Lim AC, Borges AM, MacPherson L. Risk-Taking Propensity in Older Adolescents: Internalizing Symptoms, Gender, and Negative Reinforcement. Psychiatry 2017; 80:252-264. [PMID: 29087251 PMCID: PMC5749236 DOI: 10.1080/00332747.2016.1230982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Engagement in risk behaviors, including substance use, risky sex, and violence, tends to increase throughout adolescence into young adulthood. One motivational process that may underlie risk behaviors during adolescence is negative reinforcement. Moreover, gender and internalizing symptoms (e.g., depression and anxiety) may both convey risk for negative reinforcement-based risk taking. Along these lines, the aims of the current study were to (a) examine gender differences in negative reinforcement-based risk-taking propensity and (b) examine internalizing symptoms as a moderator of the relationship between gender and negative reinforcement-based risk-taking propensity. METHOD Participants included 103 youth between the ages of 18 and 21 (50.49% female, age M(SD) = 19.41(1.06)) who were recruited from a large Mid-Atlantic university between September 2013 and November 2014. Participants completed self-report assessments of internalizing symptomatology and a computerized behavioral analog assessment of negative reinforcement-based risk-taking propensity. RESULTS Results indicated that, overall, female older adolescents were riskier under conditions of negative reinforcement than male older adolescents. In addition, internalizing symptoms significantly moderated the relationship between gender and negative reinforcement-based risk-taking propensity such that the relationship between gender and negative reinforcement-based risk-taking propensity was nonsignificant at high levels of internalizing symptoms, and female gender was significantly positively predictive of heightened negative reinforcement-based risk-taking propensity at low levels of internalizing symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Thus, although female youth overall were riskier, the predictive utility of gender for negative reinforcement-based risk taking may be most relevant at low levels of internalizing symptoms. Results are discussed in terms of implications for future prevention and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Allison M. Borges
- Center for Addictions, Personality, and Emotion Research, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, Maryland
| | - Laura MacPherson
- Marlene and Stuart Greenbaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
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Figueira Pereira C, de Vargas D. Who are the female smokers who seek treatment for smoking cessation: A Brazilian cohort study. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2016.1245795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Divane de Vargas
- Maternal-Child and Psychiatric Nursing Department, School of Nursing, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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48
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Cochran JR, Consedine NS, Lee JMJ, Pandit C, Sollers JJ, Kydd RR. Visual cue-specific craving is diminished in stressed smokers. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2016; 43:525-533. [DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2016.1253094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justinn R. Cochran
- Department of Psychological Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nathan S. Consedine
- Department of Psychological Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - John M. J. Lee
- Department of Psychological Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Chinmay Pandit
- Department of Psychological Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - John J. Sollers
- Department of Psychological Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Psychology, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Robert R. Kydd
- Department of Psychological Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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49
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Chatterjee S, Hovsepian K, Sarker H, Saleheen N, al'Absi M, Atluri G, Ertin E, Lam C, Lemieux A, Nakajima M, Spring B, Wetter DW, Kumar S. mCrave: Continuous Estimation of Craving During Smoking Cessation. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ... ACM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON UBIQUITOUS COMPUTING . UBICOMP (CONFERENCE) 2016; 2016:863-874. [PMID: 27990501 PMCID: PMC5161415 DOI: 10.1145/2971648.2971672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Craving usually precedes a lapse for impulsive behaviors such as overeating, drinking, smoking, and drug use. Passive estimation of craving from sensor data in the natural environment can be used to assist users in coping with craving. In this paper, we take the first steps towards developing a computational model to estimate cigarette craving (during smoking abstinence) at the minute-level using mobile sensor data. We use 2,012 hours of sensor data and 1,812 craving self-reports from 61 participants in a smoking cessation study. To estimate craving, we first obtain a continuous measure of stress from sensor data. We find that during hours of day when craving is high, stress associated with self-reported high craving is greater than stress associated with low craving. We use this and other insights to develop feature functions, and encode them as pattern detectors in a Conditional Random Field (CRF) based model to infer craving probabilities.
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50
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Hallam J, Boswell RG, DeVito EE, Kober H. Gender-related Differences in Food Craving and Obesity. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 89:161-73. [PMID: 27354843 PMCID: PMC4918881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Food craving is often defined as a strong desire to eat. Much work has shown that it consistently and prospectively predicts eating and weight-related outcomes, contributing to the growing obesity epidemic. Although there are clear gender differences in the prevalence and health consequences of obesity, relatively little recent work has investigated gender differences in craving, or any sex-hormone-based differences as they relate to phases of the menstrual cycle. Here, we propose that gender-related differences in food craving contribute to gender-related differences in obesity. Drawing on findings in the addiction literature, we highlight ways to incorporate gender-based differences in food craving into treatment approaches, potentially improving the efficacy of obesity and weight loss treatment. Overall, this review aims to emphasize the importance of investigating gender differences in food craving, with a view towards informing the development of more effective treatments for obesity and weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hedy Kober
- Department of Psychology, Yale University; Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine
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