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Liu Y, Zhou X, Ding N, Song S, Gittelsohn J, Jiang N, Sundermeir SM, Ma Y, Wen D. Obesity contagion among classmates: Children's relation with each other regarding weight status, physical activity, and dietary intake. SSM Popul Health 2024; 26:101636. [PMID: 38516526 PMCID: PMC10955631 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2024.101636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
A series of influential articles suggests that obesity may spread between couples, siblings, and close friends via an obesity contagion phenomenon. Classmates, as important structural equivalents in one's social network, may experience obesity contagion. However, this has rarely been examined. Anthropometric measurements, questionnaire surveys, and geographic information were collected from 3670 children from 26 schools in Northeast China. We found that classmates were positively related in terms of body mass index (BMI), body fat, physical activity, and intake of vegetables, fruits, fast food, snacks, and sugar-sweetened beverages. One standard deviation (SD) increase in classmates' mean BMI and percentage body fat was associated with 0.19 SD higher individual BMI (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.00, 0.39) and 0.31 SD higher percentage body fat (95% CI: 0.13, 0.48). Coefficients ranged from 0.48 to 0.76 in models for physical activity, and the dietary intake of vegetables, fruit, fast food, snacks, and sugar-sweetened beverages. Children's BMI and body fat were more strongly associated with the maximum and minimum body fat levels of their same-sex classmates than with those of their general classmates. Their dietary intake and physical activity were more strongly associated with the mean/median levels of their general classmates than with those of their same-sex classmates. This study suggests that children's BMI, body fat, physical activity, and dietary intake may be related to those of their classmates. Modeling healthy behaviors in the classroom may help children develop habits that support achieving and maintaining a healthy weight. Future interventions should consider the inclusion of classmates as a social network strategy for obesity prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- China Medical University, Health Sciences Institute, Address: No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Xiaobei Zhou
- China Medical University, Health Sciences Institute, Address: No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Ning Ding
- China Medical University, Institute of International Medical Education, Address: No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Shenzhi Song
- China Medical University, Health Sciences Institute, Address: No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Joel Gittelsohn
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of International Health, Human Nutrition Center, Address: 615 North Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21205-2179, USA
| | - Nan Jiang
- China Medical University, Institute of International Medical Education, Address: No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Samantha M. Sundermeir
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of International Health, Human Nutrition Center, Address: 615 North Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21205-2179, USA
| | - Yanan Ma
- China Medical University, School of Public Health, Address: No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Deliang Wen
- China Medical University, Health Sciences Institute, Address: No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
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Monzon J, Barnoya J, Mus S, Davila G, Vidaña-Pérez D, Thrasher JF. Changes in substance use among adolescents before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Guatemala. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1331962. [PMID: 38487580 PMCID: PMC10937547 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1331962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, on March 16th, schools had to be closed in Guatemala and went to online teaching. We sought to analyze the change in substance use among high school students in Guatemala associated with the lockdown. Methods Data from two surveys (2019, n=2096, and 2020, n=1606) of a student cohort in private high schools in Guatemala City was used. Logistic models for past 30-day cigarette, e-cigarette, marijuana, and alcohol (including binge drinking) were used, regressing these on survey wave, while adjusting for sex, scholastic performance, high school year of student, parental education, substance use, and household member tobacco use. Results Prevalence declined for smoking (10% to 3%, p<0.001), e-cigarette (31% to 14%, p<0.001), marijuana (4.3% to 1.9%, p<0.001), and alcohol use (47% to 38.5%, p<0.001), and binge drinking (24% to 13%, p<0.001). Adjusted models showed wave 2 associated with lower odds of using cigarettes (AOR=0.44, 95%CI=0.32-0.62), e-cigarettes (AOR=0.41, 95% CI=0.35-0.49, p<0.001), and binge drinking (AOR=0.73, 95%CI=0.59-0.89; p=0.002). Conclusion Among Guatemalan adolescents, COVID-19 restrictions were associated with a significant decrease in smoking, e-cigarette use, and binge drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Monzon
- Health Sciences School, Rafael Landívar University, Guatemala City, Guatemala
- Research Department, Cardiovascular Surgery Unit of Guatemala (UNICAR), Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Joaquin Barnoya
- Research Department, Cardiovascular Surgery Unit of Guatemala (UNICAR), Guatemala City, Guatemala
- Research Department, Integra Cancer Institute, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Sophia Mus
- Research Department, Cardiovascular Surgery Unit of Guatemala (UNICAR), Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Gustavo Davila
- Research Department, Cardiovascular Surgery Unit of Guatemala (UNICAR), Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Desirée Vidaña-Pérez
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - James F. Thrasher
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health (Mexico), Cuernavaca, Mexico
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Herzig SE, Albers L, Soto D, Lee R, Ramirez C, Rahman T, Unger JB. Pandemic-related life changes and adolescent initiation of cannabis and tobacco/nicotine use. Addict Behav 2023; 144:107724. [PMID: 37087769 PMCID: PMC10103764 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic required the public to alter their daily lives drastically. For adolescents, school closures and social isolation added further challenges to a stressful stage of life, potentially increasing the likelihood of substance use initiation. This study explored the relationship between adolescent substance use initiation and negative life changes due to COVID-19. METHODS Students from 9 high schools (N = 2478) in Los Angeles County were surveyed as 9th graders in the 2019-2020 school year and re-surveyed in 10th and 11th grades as part of an ongoing longitudinal study. Two logistic regression models were conducted to test hypotheses that negative life changes due to the COVID-19 pandemic increases the odds of initiation of both tobacco/nicotine products and cannabis products, controlling for sex, age, and race/ethnicity. RESULTS The final analytic sample included adolescents in 10th grade who were never-users of tobacco/nicotine (N = 809) and cannabis (N = 837). The odds of initiating cannabis use increased by 6.42% for every 1 standard deviation increase in the COVID-19 negative daily life changes index [AOR: 1.063; 95% CI: 1.010, 1.121]. The association between the COVID-19 negative daily life changes index and tobacco/nicotine use initiation was not significant. DISCUSSION Adolescents who experienced life changes due to COVID-19 were more likely to initiate cannabis use, but not tobacco/nicotine use. Results identify a need for early intervention efforts to promote effective coping skills and prevent cannabis initiation among adolescents during a wide-scale stressor, such as COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Emma Herzig
- University of Southern California, Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Research, 2001 N Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9239, USA.
| | - Larisa Albers
- University of Southern California, Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Research, 2001 N Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9239, USA.
| | - Daniel Soto
- University of Southern California, Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Research, 2001 N Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9239, USA.
| | - Ryan Lee
- University of Southern California, Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Research, 2001 N Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9239, USA.
| | - Carla Ramirez
- University of Southern California, Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Research, 2001 N Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9239, USA.
| | - Tahsin Rahman
- University of Southern California, Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Research, 2001 N Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9239, USA.
| | - Jennifer B Unger
- University of Southern California, Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Research, 2001 N Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9239, USA.
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Herold MD, Kolind T. Young people's alcohol use is still strongly related to social inclusion. Addiction 2022; 117:1216-1217. [PMID: 35068006 DOI: 10.1111/add.15798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria D Herold
- Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Torsten Kolind
- Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Perrotte JK, Piña-Watson B, Baumann MR, Weston R, Morissette SB, Gulliver SB, Grigsby TJ, Garza RT. Domains matter: A prospective investigation of traditional feminine gender roles and alcohol use among Latinas. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2021; 22:720-740. [PMID: 34904936 PMCID: PMC9192828 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2021.2011816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Scholars suggest traditional feminine gender roles (TFGRs) influence alcohol use among U.S. Latinas, but relevant literature is limited. This two-wave study examined how multi-dimensional internal (i.e., beliefs) and external (i.e., practices) TFGR processes related to drinking among college-bound Latina emerging adults across time. TFGRs characterized by virtue predicted less alcohol engagement, while some TFGR dimensions (e.g., subordinate) predicted more. TFGR practices more strongly predicted cross-sectional alcohol outcomes than TFGR beliefs, although some TFGR beliefs predicted later drinking. These findings highlight the utility of assessing multiple TFGR dimensions and domains to better understand the link between TFGRs and drinking among Latinas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K. Perrotte
- Department of Psychology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, United States
| | - Brandy Piña-Watson
- Department, of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Michael R. Baumann
- Department, of Psychology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Rebecca Weston
- Department, of Psychology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Sandra B. Morissette
- Department, of Psychology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Suzy B. Gulliver
- Warriors Research Institute, Baylor Scott and White Health, Waco, TX, United States
- College of Medicine Health Science Center, Texas AandM, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Timothy J. Grigsby
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Raymond T. Garza
- Department, of Psychology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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6
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Davis CN, Piasecki TM, Bartholow BD, Slutske WS. Effects of alcohol sensitivity on alcohol-induced blackouts and passing out: An examination of the alcohol sensitivity questionnaire among underage drinkers. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2021; 45:1149-1160. [PMID: 33755998 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of alcohol sensitivity in the experience of blacking out and passing out has not been well established. Here, we examined the relation between individual differences in alcohol sensitivity (i.e., numbers of drinks required to experience various effects of alcohol) and reports of blacking out and passing out in the past year. METHODS Participants (925 healthy, underage college student drinkers) completed the Alcohol Sensitivity Questionnaire (ASQ) and reported on their past year blacking out and passing out experiences. RESULTS The fit of the ASQ's 2-factor structure was fair (CFI = 0.90, RMSEA = 0.09) in this sample of underage drinkers. In unadjusted models, higher ASQ scores (i.e., requiring more drinks to experience effects, indicating lower alcohol sensitivity) were associated with experiencing more blackouts (IRR = 1.68 [1.31-2.15]) and passing out (IRR = 2.25 [1.59-3.18]) in the past year. After controlling for typical consumption, however, higher ASQ scores were associated with fewer past-year blackouts (IRR = 0.76 [0.60-0.98]). Total ASQ scores moderated the relationship between typical alcohol consumption and blackout occurrence (interaction IRR = 0.96 [0.93-0.98]), but not passing out occurrence (interaction IRR = 0.95 [0.89-1.01]), with the quantity of alcohol consumed more strongly associated with blackout occurrence among higher-sensitivity than lower-sensitivity drinkers. CONCLUSIONS These findings are consistent with prior work suggesting that low sensitivity may act as a paradoxical risk factor for certain heavy drinking effects, contributing to higher levels of alcohol consumption and more frequent negative consequences while also conferring protection (relative to high-sensitivity peers) at a given level of alcohol exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christal N Davis
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Thomas M Piasecki
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Bruce D Bartholow
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Wendy S Slutske
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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7
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Sarvey D, Welsh JW. Adolescent substance use: Challenges and opportunities related to COVID-19. J Subst Abuse Treat 2020; 122:108212. [PMID: 33272731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2020.108212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent substance use is a significant public health concern within the United States that remains largely undertreated. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated many preexisting risk factors for adolescent substance use, such as early life stress, social isolation, school connection, and boredom. Other effects include the potential for arrest in adolescent development, which can occur when there is disruption in expected developmental milestones. New cohorts of adolescents who may not otherwise initiate substances may now be at risk. The pandemic is also straining family systems, with potential for increased conflict and relapse that can occur in a bidirectional fashion. In parallel, the way in which we treat substance use disorders in youth has also shifted, with a dominance in digitally based platforms for delivery of most outpatient treatment. Challenges to utilizing virtual technology include fewer means of monitoring substance use remotely; privacy concerns; and ease of nonadherence with treatment by signing off the computer. Practitioners can utilize considerable opportunities for virtual care to reach adolescents at risk of developing a substance use disorder and/or those who may already have relapsed. Primary care providers and other general practitioners who frequently interface with youth should increase their baseline screening of youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Sarvey
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Instructor, Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, United States of America.
| | - Justine W Welsh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, 12 Executive Park Drive NE, Suite 200, Atlanta, GA 30329, United States of America.
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Lam T, Fischer J, Salom C, Ogeil R, Wilson J, Lubman DI, Burns L, Lenton S, Gilmore W, Chikritzhs T, Aiken A, Allsop S. Safety first: Beliefs of older peers supplying alcohol to underage friends. Health Promot J Austr 2020; 32:407-415. [PMID: 32589329 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
ISSUE ADDRESSED Underage drinkers most commonly source alcohol from older peers. However, few studies have examined older peers' supply-related beliefs and motivations. METHODS A sample of 270 risky drinkers aged 18-19 years were interviewed in Australia where the legal purchase age is 18. They were asked about their provision to underage friends, awareness of secondary supply legislation (intended to prohibit such supply) and 24 psycho-legal beliefs around supply. RESULTS Half (49%) provided alcohol to a 16- to 17-year-old friend to drink at a party they were both attending at least twice a year. Three-quarters reported provision was okay so long as the recipient(s) were in a safe environment, and 46% reported "everyone gives alcohol to teenagers if they are in a safe environment." There was significantly higher agreement that "my friends would think I was mean if I did not give alcohol to a friend under the age of 18" (37%), compared to "my friends would think I was uncool if I did not give alcohol to a friend under the age of 18" (26%). Two thirds (69%) felt more responsible for an underage friend's safety if they provided the alcohol. A multivariate logistic regression revealed supply was more likely if the supplier: was aged 18 compared to 19 (95% CI OR: 1.57, 4.84), male (1.06, 3.27), of a higher SES quintile (1.08, 1.80) and believed alcohol supply to minors was morally acceptable (1.01, 1.33) and normal (1.04, 1.38). Knowledge of regulatory strategies (68%) designed to prevent supply to minors, and their perceived deterrent value did not significantly impact supply. CONCLUSIONS Supply of alcohol to underage peers was perceived as morally and socially acceptable in a group of 18- to 19-year-old risky drinkers. SO WHAT?: Opportunities include harm reduction initiatives that prioritise caring responsibilities towards friends, as opposed to relying on external enforcement measures alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Lam
- Monash Addiction Research Centre, Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Frankston, VIC, Australia.,National Drug Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jane Fischer
- National Centre for Education and Training on Addiction, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Caroline Salom
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Rowan Ogeil
- Monash Addiction Research Centre, Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Frankston, VIC, Australia.,Turning Point, Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Richmond, VIC, Australia
| | - James Wilson
- Turning Point, Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Richmond, VIC, Australia
| | - Dan I Lubman
- Monash Addiction Research Centre, Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Frankston, VIC, Australia.,Turning Point, Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Richmond, VIC, Australia
| | - Lucinda Burns
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon Lenton
- National Drug Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - William Gilmore
- National Drug Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Tanya Chikritzhs
- National Drug Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Alexandra Aiken
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Steve Allsop
- National Drug Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
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Lessard LM, Juvonen J. Engagement Norms Buffer Academic Risks Associated with Peer Rejection in Middle School. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT 2020; 29:235-241. [PMID: 33758444 DOI: 10.1177/0165025420915779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The current study examined school variations in academic engagement norms and whether such norms affect those most susceptible to peer influence. We presumed that behaviors associated with perceived popularity make norms salient and are most likely to affect socially marginalized (rejected) youth. Focusing on differences across 26 middle schools, the main aim was to test whether academic engagement norms moderate the association between peer rejection and subsequent academic difficulties. The U.S. public school sample included 5,991 youth (52% girls): 32% Latino/a, 20% White, 14% East/Southeast Asian, 12% African American, and 22% from other specific ethnic groups. Multilevel models were used to examine whether engagement norms moderated the association between sixth grade peer rejection and changes in grade point average (GPA) and academic engagement across middle school (i.e., from sixth to eighth grade). Consistent with our contextual moderator hypothesis, the association between peer rejection and academic engagement was attenuated-- and in the case of GPA eliminated-- in schools where higher engagement was a salient norm. The study findings suggest that the behaviors of popular peers affect those on social margins, and that academic difficulties are not inevitable for rejected youth.
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Meisel SN, Colder CR. Adolescent Social Norms and Alcohol Use: Separating Between- and Within-Person Associations to Test Reciprocal Determinism. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2020; 30 Suppl 2:499-515. [PMID: 30908811 PMCID: PMC7610152 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite perceived drinking norms being robust predictors of adolescent alcohol use, few studies have assessed the development of perceived norms across adolescence and processes accounting for the strong associations between perceived norms and drinking. Using reciprocal determinism as a theoretical basis for understanding the development of adolescent drinking norms, this study examined reciprocal associations across nine waves of data spanning early to late adolescence. Bivariate latent curve models with structured residuals demonstrated consistent within-person reciprocal associations between descriptive and injunctive norms and alcohol use after accounting for growth in norms and alcohol use. Results suggest the need for developmentally informed intervention efforts targeting perceived drinking norms during early and middle adolescence.
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Montgomery SC, Donnelly M, Bhatnagar P, Carlin A, Kee F, Hunter RF. Peer social network processes and adolescent health behaviors: A systematic review. Prev Med 2020; 130:105900. [PMID: 31733224 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.105900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Research has highlighted the importance of peers for determining health behaviors in adolescents, yet these behaviors have typically been investigated in isolation. We need to understand common network processes operating across health behaviors collectively, in order to discern how social network processes impact health behaviors. Thus, this systematic review of studies investigated adolescent peer social networks and health behaviors. A search of six databases (CINAHL, Education Resources Information Centre, Embase, International Bibliography of the Social Sciences, Medline and PsycINFO) identified 55 eligible studies. The mean age of the participants was 15.1 years (range 13-18; 51.1% female). Study samples ranged from 143 to 20,745 participants. Studies investigated drinking (31%), smoking (22%), both drinking and smoking (13%) substance use (18%), physical activity (9%) and diet or weight management (7%). Study design was largely longitudinal (n = 41, 73%) and cross-sectional (n = 14, 25%). All studies were set in school and all but one study focused on school-based friendship networks. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess risk of bias: studies were assessed as good (51%), fair (16%) or poor (33%). The synthesis of results revolved around two network behavior patterns: 1) health behavior similarity within a social network, driven by homophilic social selection and/or social influence, and 2) popularity: health behavior engagement in relation to changes in social status; or network popularity predicting health behaviors. Adolescents in denser networks had statistically significant lower levels of harmful behavior (n = 2/2, 100%). Findings suggest that social network processes are important factors in adolescent health behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon C Montgomery
- UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health (Northern Ireland)/Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Clinical Sciences Block B, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Michael Donnelly
- UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health (Northern Ireland)/Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Clinical Sciences Block B, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Prachi Bhatnagar
- Centre on Population Approaches for Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, OX3 7LF, UK.
| | - Angela Carlin
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Frank Kee
- UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health (Northern Ireland)/Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Clinical Sciences Block B, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Ruth F Hunter
- UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health (Northern Ireland)/Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Clinical Sciences Block B, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
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12
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Sæther SMM, Knapstad M, Askeland KG, Skogen JC. Alcohol consumption, life satisfaction and mental health among Norwegian college and university students. Addict Behav Rep 2019; 10:100216. [PMID: 31692685 PMCID: PMC6806384 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2019.100216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High-level alcohol consumption is common in, and central to, the student community. Among adults, high-level alcohol consumption, and sometimes also low, has been associated with poorer social integration and mental health. We aimed to investigate how alcohol consumption relates to life satisfaction and mental health among students in higher education. METHODS Data from the Norwegian study of students' health and well-being (SHoT, 2014, n = 9632) were used. Associations between alcohol consumption (AUDIT; abstainers, low risk, risky and hazardous consumption) and life satisfaction and mental health complaints, as well as number of close friends, and social and emotional loneliness were investigated using linear regression models. Crude models and models adjusted for age, gender and relationship status were conducted. RESULTS Students reporting hazardous consumption reported lower life satisfaction, more mental health complaints, and more emotional and social loneliness than students with low risk consumption. Students reporting risky consumption reported slightly reduced life satisfaction and more mental health complaints, but more close friends and less social loneliness. Abstainers did not report reduced life satisfaction or more mental health complaints, despite reporting fewer close friends and more social loneliness. CONCLUSION High-level alcohol consumption among students might indicate increased risk of several problems in the future - but also currently. Our findings further imply that the quality of friendships might be more important for life satisfaction and mental health than the number of friends, but also that social integration in student communities might be more difficult for students who do not drink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solbjørg Makalani Myrtveit Sæther
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Marit Knapstad
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Jens Christoffer Skogen
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
- Alcohol and Drug Research Western Norway (KoRFor), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
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Balestrieri SG, DiGuiseppi GT, Meisel MK, Clark MA, Ott MQ, Barnett NP. U.S. College Students' Social Network Characteristics and Perceived Social Exclusion: A Comparison Between Drinkers and Nondrinkers Based on Past-Month Alcohol Use. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2019. [PMID: 30573016 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2018.79.862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is a general perception on college campuses that alcohol use is normative. However, nondrinking students account for 40% of the U.S. college population. With much of the literature focusing on intervening among drinkers, there has been less of a focus on understanding the nondrinker college experience. The current study has two aims: to describe the social network differences between nondrinkers and drinkers in a college setting, and to assess perceived social exclusion among nondrinkers. METHOD First-year U.S. college students (n = 1,342; 55.3% female; 47.7% non-Hispanic White) were participants in a larger study examining a social network of one college class and network associations with alcohol use. Alcohol use, sociocentric and egocentric network ties were assessed, as were experiences of social exclusion related to nondrinking. RESULTS Drinking homophily based on past-month use was found; students tended to associate with others with a similar drinking status. Compared with drinkers, nondrinkers received fewer network nominations within the first-year network and made more nominations outside the first-year network. Nondrinkers' perceived social exclusion was positively related to the number of drinkers in their social networks, such that those with more drinkers in their network reported more social exclusion. CONCLUSIONS College students' past-month drinking status in the first semester of college is related to their network position and perception of social exclusion. Nondrinking students who are part of a nondrinking community are less likely to feel socially excluded. Improving our understanding of the nondrinker college experience should improve support services for these students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara G Balestrieri
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Graham T DiGuiseppi
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Matthew K Meisel
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Melissa A Clark
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Miles Q Ott
- Statistical & Data Sciences Program, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts
| | - Nancy P Barnett
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
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14
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Hussong AM, Ennett ST, McNeish D, Rothenberg WA, Cole V, Gottfredson NC, Faris RW. Teen Social Networks and Depressive Symptoms-Substance Use Associations: Developmental and Demographic Variation. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2019. [PMID: 30422791 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2018.79.770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study examined whether an adolescent's standing within a school-bounded social network moderated the association between depressive symptoms and substance use across adolescence as a function of developmental and demographic factors (gender, parental education, and race/ethnicity). METHOD The sample of 6,776 adolescents participated in up to seven waves of data collection spanning 6th to 12th grade. RESULTS Results of latent growth models showed that lower integration into the social network exacerbates risk for depression-related substance use in youth, particularly around the high school transition, but social status acted as both a risk factor and a protective factor at different points in development for different youth. Findings also varied as a function of youth gender and parental education status. CONCLUSIONS Together these findings suggest that lower integration into the social network exacerbates risk for depression-related substance use in youth, particularly around the high school transition in general as well as just before the high school transition in those with lower parental education or just after the high school transition in males. Thus, the risky impact of social isolation appears more consistent across this period. Social status, however, showed a more varied pattern and further study is needed to understand the sometimes risky and sometimes protective effects of social status on depression-related substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Hussong
- Center for Developmental Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Susan T Ennett
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Daniel McNeish
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | | | - Veronica Cole
- Center for Developmental Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Nisha C Gottfredson
- Center for Developmental Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Robert W Faris
- Department of Sociology, University of California at Davis, Davis, California
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15
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Knox J, Schneider J, Greene E, Nicholson J, Hasin D, Sandfort T. Using social network analysis to examine alcohol use among adults: A systematic review. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221360. [PMID: 31437257 PMCID: PMC6705782 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alcohol use and abuse constitute a major public health problem and identifying their determinants is a priority. Social network analysis can indicate how characteristics of social networks are related to individual health behaviors. A growing number of studies have used social network analysis to examine how social network characteristics influence adult alcohol consumption, but this literature has never been systematically reviewed and summarized. The current paper systematically reviews empirical studies that used social network analysis to assess the influence of social network characteristics on drinking behaviors in adults. Methods A literature search of PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and Web of Science databases and a review of the reference lists of retrieved articles was conducted in March 2019. Two reviewers independently screened 5,510 non-duplicate records, and further screened the full text of 150 articles to determine their eligibility for inclusion. Seventeen articles were judged eligible and included. Results Most studies were conducted among young adults (mean age<30), in university settings or follow up visits with adolescent networks moving into adulthood. The objectives and methods of the included studies were heterogeneous. All included studies reported a statistically significant association between a social network characteristic and an alcohol consumption-related outcome. Social network members drinking behaviors were associated with participants’ drinking behaviors in multiple ways. Discussion In young adults, among whom the majority of identified studies were conducted, with whom they socialize and how they socialize appears to be associated with alcohol consumption; this was observed across methodologies and settings. We still know very little about the relationship of social networks to drinking in older age groups, and in populations most impacted by alcohol. As social networks appear to play a role in the consumption of alcohol in young adulthood, interventions that utilize social networks to help reduce harmful alcohol consumption should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Knox
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - John Schneider
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Chicago Center for HIV Elimination, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Emily Greene
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Joey Nicholson
- Health Sciences Library, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York United States of America
| | - Deborah Hasin
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, NYS Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York, New York United States of America
| | - Theo Sandfort
- HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, NYS Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York, New York United States of America
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16
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Boers E, Hendriks H, van den Putte B, Beentjes H. Conversations about binge drinking among vocational community college students: the relation with drinking attitudes and intentions and the moderating role of conversation partner popularity. Psychol Health 2019; 35:467-481. [PMID: 31385712 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2019.1649673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The association between conversational valence (i.e. how positive/negative people perceive their conversations to be) and binge-drinking attitudes and intentions has been well established. However, too few studies have recognised a potential reciprocal association as well as the potential role of the conversation partner. In order to address these gaps, this study explored whether conversational valence and binge-drinking attitudes and intentions were reciprocally associated and whether this association was moderated by conversation partner popularity. Design: Vocational community college students (N = 112, Mage = 18.09) participated in a two-wave study (one month between the waves). Methods. Binge-drinking attitudes and intentions, and popularity were measured at baseline. At the second wave, conversational valence, and binge-drinking attitudes and intentions were assessed. Results: In revealing that only conversational valence was indicative of binge-drinking attitudes and intentions, it was shown that conversational valence and binge-drinking attitudes and intentions were not reciprocally associated. Furthermore, it was shown that conversation-partner popularity moderated the association between conversational valence and binge-drinking attitudes. Conclusion: Conversational valence was shown to be indicative of binge-drinking attitudes and intentions, and not vice versa. Furthermore, after talking to a popular conversation partner, adolescents' attitudes towards binge drinking became more positive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elroy Boers
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, CHU Sainte Justine Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hanneke Hendriks
- Amsterdam School of Communication Research (ASCoR), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bas van den Putte
- Amsterdam School of Communication Research (ASCoR), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Beentjes
- Amsterdam School of Communication Research (ASCoR), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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17
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Deutsch AR. Selection and Socialization Influences on Adolescent Alcohol Use: The Individual and Joint Contexts of Neighborhood Disadvantage and Population Density. Subst Use Misuse 2019; 54:1663-1678. [PMID: 31046537 PMCID: PMC6594885 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2019.1608247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: Neighborhood disadvantage (ND) and population density (PD) are two community characteristics contextualizing friends' influence on adolescent alcohol use. However, these community characteristics are rarely examined for potential joint contributions, although it is possible that the way friends are selected or influence alcohol use are shaped by both ND and PD. In addition, prior studies examining ND or PD contexts on friend influence rarely discern between socialization and selection. Objectives: The current study examined how selection and socialization influences on adolescent alcohol use are shaped by unique and joint contexts of ND and PD. Methods: Adolescents from Waves I and II of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent and Adult Health (Add Health) were included in three models assessing friends' socialization of alcohol us initiation and binge drinking, and selection of drinking friends. ND and PD were tested for mediation and moderation individually and jointly. Results: Results indicated that socialization of drinking initiation was stronger in high ND contexts, and that continued binge drinking was stronger in low ND contexts. PD indirectly influenced socialization of initiation and binge drinking maintenance via a negative association with number of drinking friends. PD and ND jointly influenced the association between initial binge drinking and next-year selection of drinking friends, such that selection was stronger within areas related to lower levels of drinking friends. Conclusions/Importance: Current results indicate that PD and ND shape friends' influence on alcohol use in unique ways. These must be accounted for to better understand bidirectional effects of friend influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle R Deutsch
- a Population Health, Sanford Research , University of South Dakota , Sioux Falls , South Dakota , USA
- b Sanford School of Medicine, Sanford Research , University of South Dakota , Sioux Falls , South Dakota , USA
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18
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Marshall SA, Henry TR, Spivey LA, Rhodes SD, Prinstein MJ, Ip EH. Social Context of Sexual Minority Adolescents and Relationship to Alcohol Use. J Adolesc Health 2019; 64:615-621. [PMID: 30786969 PMCID: PMC9132699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Peer relationships are especially relevant during adolescence and may contribute to sexuality-based disparities in substance use. This study uses social network analysis to examine how social networks may serve as risk or protective factors for sexual minority youth in the context of alcohol use. METHODS Social network analysis was applied to 11th to 12th graders in three diverse high schools in a rural area of the Southeast United States. The network consists of 1,179 students, 607 of whom were participants in the study and nominated friends. Regression models were used to examine how potential predictors of alcohol use may function differently for sexual minority and majority students. RESULTS Approximately one fourth of students were classified as sexual minorities, inclusive of students who self-identified or reported any same-sex romantic attraction or sexual experience. These students did not use alcohol in greater amounts than students in the sexual majority. They received fewer incoming friendship nominations (p < .05) although a higher percentage of friendships were reciprocated (p < .05). They exhibited lower eigenvector centrality (p = .01), and their networks were less cohesive (p < .001). However, low centrality and low density did not predict greater alcohol consumption. Sexual minorities appeared to be influenced less strongly by peers' alcohol use, and friendships with sexual minorities further mitigated peer influence. CONCLUSION Sexual minorities occupied less prominent positions within their social networks. However, these network differences did not place sexual minorities at increased risk of alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Marshall
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 525 Vine St, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA,Corresponding Author, (415-902-9774)
| | - Teague R. Henry
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, 235 E. Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Leigh A. Spivey
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, 235 E. Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Scott D. Rhodes
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Mitchell J. Prinstein
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, 235 E. Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Edward H. Ip
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 525 Vine St, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
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19
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Henneberger AK, Gest SD, Zadzora KM. Preventing Adolescent Substance Use: A Content Analysis of Peer Processes Targeted Within Universal School-Based Programs. J Prim Prev 2019; 40:213-230. [PMID: 30820746 PMCID: PMC8436646 DOI: 10.1007/s10935-019-00544-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Universal school-based substance use prevention programs are widely disseminated and often include a focus on peer relationships. Network theory and social network analysis (SNA) have emerged as useful theoretical and methodological frameworks for examining the role of peer relationships in prevention and intervention research. We used content analysis to systematically code the peer processes targeted by three universal school based prevention programs. We found that programs focused on peer socialization more than peer selection, and programs focused about evenly on descriptive and injunctive norms. Programs varied in their focus on positive and negative peer processes and behaviors, but most references to peer processes focused on positive processes and negative behaviors. The focus on peer processes at the dyadic, subgroup, and network levels varied across the three programs, with the heaviest focus on network level processes. When peer processes were targeted, it was rare that lessons focused on peer processes for an extended (> 50%) amount of the lesson content. However, when peer processes were a focus, discussion and reflection were commonly encouraged. These patterns are considered in the context of non-intervention research on adolescent peer relations, which highlights the importance of peer selection and dyad-level processes, and the existence of positive peer processes that promote adolescent development. In doing so, we provide a framework that can be used to (1) examine the extent to which a particular program focuses on the different peer processes, and (2) inform systematic experimental studies of the extent to which particular peer processes are malleable in response to intervention efforts.
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20
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Sensation Seeking and Impulsivity Can Increase Exposure to Risky Media and Moderate Its Effects on Adolescent Risk Behaviors. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2019; 20:776-787. [PMID: 30659453 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-019-0984-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Media exposure to risky behaviors (e.g., alcohol use, violence) has been associated with adolescent engagement in risk-taking behaviors, but not all adolescents are equally at risk. Here we focus on individual differences in impulsivity and sensation seeking and assess their effects on the relation between media risk exposure and adolescent risk behavior. Survey data from 1990 Black and White US adolescents (mean age = 15.6 ± 1.10 years; 48% female) and content analysis of top-grossing films and popular TV shows were analyzed using linear regression models. High levels of impulsivity and sensation seeking were associated with greater exposure to risky media content, and also operated as moderators, exacerbating the impact of media risk exposure on adolescent risk behaviors. Prevention efforts targeting negative effects of media on adolescent health should prioritize youth with high levels of impulsivity and sensation seeking.
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21
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Laghi F, Liga F, Pompili S. Adolescents who binge eat and drink: The role of emotion regulation. J Addict Dis 2019; 37:77-86. [DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2018.1553458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fiorenzo Laghi
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Liga
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Sara Pompili
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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22
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Meisel SN, Read JP, Mullin S, Shyhalla K, Colder CR, Eiden RD, Hawk LW, Wieczorek WF. Changes in implicit alcohol attitudes across adolescence, and associations with emerging alcohol use: Testing the reciprocal determinism hypothesis. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2018; 32:738-748. [PMID: 30284877 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Implicit alcohol-related cognitions develop during adolescence and are thought to play an important role in the etiology of adolescent alcohol use. Rooted in reciprocal determinism, a developmental theory of alcohol-related cognitions, the current study sought to enhance our understanding of the development of automatic alcohol associations and their relationship with alcohol use. To provide a theoretically aligned test of reciprocal determinism, we used latent change score models to examine whether growth in automatic alcohol associations and alcohol use was related to each other (between-person effects) and whether each construct led to changes in the other over time (within-person effects). Adolescents (N = 378) completed 4 annual assessments, spanning early to middle adolescence. Automatic alcohol associations were assessed with a Single Category Implicit Association Test, and we used a quadruple processing tree model to extract a more "process pure" index of these associations. Alcohol use increased from early to middle adolescence, as negative automatic alcohol associations weakened over that same time period. Although there was no support for between-person associations, on the within-person level, weak negative automatic alcohol associations at Waves 2 and 3 were associated with increases in drinking at subsequent waves. Alcohol use did not significantly predict changes in automatic alcohol associations. Findings suggest the utility of distinguishing within- and between-person associations to understand the development of automatic alcohol associations and that automatic alcohol associations are prospectively associated with alcohol use and a potential target for intervention, one that becomes an increasingly salient influence on drinking as adolescence progresses. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
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23
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Hussong AM, Ennett ST, McNeish D, Rothenberg WA, Cole V, Gottfredson NC, Faris RW. Teen Social Networks and Depressive Symptoms-Substance Use Associations: Developmental and Demographic Variation. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2018; 79:770-780. [PMID: 30422791 PMCID: PMC6240008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study examined whether an adolescent's standing within a school-bounded social network moderated the association between depressive symptoms and substance use across adolescence as a function of developmental and demographic factors (gender, parental education, and race/ethnicity). METHOD The sample of 6,776 adolescents participated in up to seven waves of data collection spanning 6th to 12th grade. RESULTS Results of latent growth models showed that lower integration into the social network exacerbates risk for depression-related substance use in youth, particularly around the high school transition, but social status acted as both a risk factor and a protective factor at different points in development for different youth. Findings also varied as a function of youth gender and parental education status. CONCLUSIONS Together these findings suggest that lower integration into the social network exacerbates risk for depression-related substance use in youth, particularly around the high school transition in general as well as just before the high school transition in those with lower parental education or just after the high school transition in males. Thus, the risky impact of social isolation appears more consistent across this period. Social status, however, showed a more varied pattern and further study is needed to understand the sometimes risky and sometimes protective effects of social status on depression-related substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M. Hussong
- Center for Developmental Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Susan T. Ennett
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Daniel McNeish
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | | | - Veronica Cole
- Center for Developmental Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Nisha C. Gottfredson
- Center for Developmental Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Robert W. Faris
- Department of Sociology, University of California at Davis, Davis, California
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24
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Copeland M, Fisher JC, Moody J, Feinberg ME. Different Kinds of Lonely: Dimensions of Isolation and Substance Use in Adolescence. J Youth Adolesc 2018; 47:1755-1770. [PMID: 29774451 PMCID: PMC6045973 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-018-0860-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Social isolation is broadly associated with poor mental health and risky behaviors in adolescence, a time when peers are critical for healthy development. However, expectations for isolates' substance use remain unclear. Isolation in adolescence may signal deviant attitudes or spur self-medication, resulting in higher substance use. Conversely, isolates may lack access to substances, leading to lower use. Although treated as a homogeneous social condition for teens in much research, isolation represents a multifaceted experience with structurally distinct network components that present different risks for substance use. This study decomposes isolation into conceptually distinct dimensions that are then interacted to create a systematic typology of isolation subtypes representing different positions in the social space of the school. Each isolated position's association with cigarette, alcohol, and marijuana use is tested among 9th grade students (n = 10,310, 59% female, 83% white) using cross-sectional data from the PROSPER study. Different dimensions of isolation relate to substance use in distinct ways: unliked isolation is associated with lower alcohol use, whereas disengagement and outside orientation are linked to higher use of all three substances. Specifically, disengagement presents risks for cigarette and marijuana use among boys, and outside orientation is associated with cigarette use for girls. Overall, the adolescents disengaged from their school network who also identify close friends outside their grade are at greatest risk for substance use. This study indicates the importance of considering the distinct social positions of isolation to understand risks for both substance use and social isolation in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James Moody
- Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mark E Feinberg
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16801, USA
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25
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Deutsch AR, Steinley D, Sher KJ, Slutske WS. Who's Got the Booze? The Role of Access to Alcohol in the Relations Between Social Status and Individual Use. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2018; 78:754-762. [PMID: 28930063 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2017.78.754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The findings of previous research that examined relationships between popularity and alcohol use in adolescents have been mixed, and few hypotheses have proposed mechanisms for this relationship. The current study expands on previous literature (a) by examining a possible mechanism that can explain the relation between popularity and alcohol use (home access to alcohol) and (b) by using another sociometric measure ("betweenness"), beyond popularity, that may relate more to home alcohol access. METHOD Using network-level data from adolescents in 9th-11th grades in eight schools within two in-home waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), we examined two sociometric measures of social status: popularity (number of schoolmates who nominated participants as a friend) and betweenness (level of ties participants have to multiple social subgroups within a network). RESULTS Betweenness, but not popularity, related to later alcohol use. Having home access to alcohol positively related to later alcohol use, and having friends with home access to alcohol negatively related to later alcohol use. Alcohol access was also related to later sociometric status. Friends' alcohol access negatively related to later betweenness, and personal alcohol access moderated other pathways predicting betweenness. CONCLUSIONS Betweenness appears to play a unique role in the association between social status and alcohol use in adolescent social networks. This is potentially tied to specific ways in which adolescents may be able to access alcohol (through home or through friends with access at home). More research is necessary to examine the ways in which multiple sociometric statuses relate to the contexts in which adolescents access and use alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Douglas Steinley
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Kenneth J Sher
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Wendy S Slutske
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
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26
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Narr RK, Allen JP, Tan JS, Loeb EL. Close Friendship Strength and Broader Peer Group Desirability as Differential Predictors of Adult Mental Health. Child Dev 2017; 90:298-313. [PMID: 28832975 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.12905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Middle adolescents' close friendship strength and the degree to which their broader peer group expressed a preference to affiliate with them were examined as predictors of relative change in depressive symptoms, self-worth, and social anxiety symptoms from ages 15 to 25 using multimethod, longitudinal data from 169 adolescents. Close friendship strength in midadolescence predicted relative increases in self-worth and decreases in anxiety and depressive symptoms by early adulthood. Affiliation preference by the broader peer group, in contrast, predicted higher social anxiety by early adulthood. Results are interpreted as suggesting that adolescents who prioritize forming close friendships are better situated to manage key social developmental tasks going forward than adolescents who prioritize attaining preference with many others in their peer milieu.
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27
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Jacobs W, Goodson P, Barry AE, McLeroy KR, McKyer ELJ, Valente TW. Adolescent Social Networks and Alcohol Use: Variability by Gender and Type. Subst Use Misuse 2017; 52:477-487. [PMID: 28010159 PMCID: PMC5591283 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2016.1245333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scientists have established that social networks influence adolescents' substance use behavior, an influence that varies by gender. However, the role of gender in this mechanism of influence remains poorly understood. Particularly, the role an adolescent's gender, alongside the gender composition of his/her network, plays in facilitating or constraining alcohol use is still unclear. OBJECTIVES This study examined the associations among the gender composition of adolescents' networks, select network characteristics, intrapersonal and interpersonal factors, and alcohol use among a sample of adolescents in the United States. METHODS We assessed cross-sectional data from a 2010 study of 1,523 high school students from a school district in Los Angeles. Analyses of adolescents' network characteristics were conducted using UCINET 6; and logistic regression analyses testing the associations between gender composition of the network and alcohol use were conducted using SPSS 20. RESULTS Our results indicate that the gender composition of adolescents' networks in our sample is associated with alcohol use. Adolescents in predominantly female or predominantly male friendship networks were less likely to report alcohol use compared to adolescents in an equal/balanced network. In addition, depending upon the context/type of network, intrapersonal and interpersonal factors varied in their association with alcohol use. Conclusions/Importance: Based on these findings, we make several recommendations for the future research. We call for researchers to further examine gender as a risk factor for alcohol abuse, particularly within the complex interplay between gender and network contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wura Jacobs
- a Department of Health Science , California State University , Fullerton , California , USA
| | - Patricia Goodson
- b Department of Health and Kinesiology , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas , USA
| | - Adam E Barry
- b Department of Health and Kinesiology , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas , USA
| | - Kenneth R McLeroy
- c Health Promotion and Community Sciences, Texas A&M School of Rural Public Health , College Station , Texas , USA
| | - E Lisako J McKyer
- c Health Promotion and Community Sciences, Texas A&M School of Rural Public Health , College Station , Texas , USA
| | - Thomas W Valente
- d Department of Preventive Medicine , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California , USA
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Individual Popularity, Peer Group Popularity Composition and Adolescents' Alcohol Consumption. J Youth Adolesc 2016; 46:1716-1726. [PMID: 27848127 PMCID: PMC5491679 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-016-0611-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have convincingly shown associations between popularity and adolescent drinking. This study examined whether the popularity composition of the peer group and the relative difference in popularity between adolescents and their peers are also associated with adolescent drinking. Participants were 800 adolescents (M age = 14.73; SDage = 1.00; 51.6 % girls) from 31 classrooms who completed peer ratings of popularity and self-reports of alcohol consumption. Results showed that drinking was higher among popular than unpopular adolescents, higher among popular adolescents surrounded by less popular classmates, and lower in classrooms with more variability in popularity. Thus, beyond individual popularity, peer group popularity composition also should be taken into account when investigating antisocial and health risk behaviors in adolescence such as drinking.
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Lorant V, Soto Rojas V, Bécares L, Kinnunen JM, Kuipers MA, Moor I, Roscillo G, Alves J, Grard A, Rimpelä A, Federico B, Richter M, Perelman J, Kunst AE. A social network analysis of substance use among immigrant adolescents in six European cities. Soc Sci Med 2016; 169:58-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Cavazos-Rehg PA, Krauss MJ, Sowles SJ, Bierut LJ. "Hey Everyone, I'm Drunk." An Evaluation of Drinking-Related Twitter Chatter. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2015; 76:635-43. [PMID: 26098041 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2015.76.635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The promotion of drinking behaviors correlates with increased drinking behaviors and intent to drink, especially when peers are the promotion source. Similarly, online displays of peer drinking behaviors have been described as a potential type of peer pressure that might lead to alcohol misuse when the peers to whom individuals feel attached value such behaviors. Social media messages about drinking behaviors on Twitter (a popular social media platform among young people) are common but understudied. In response, and given that drinking alcohol is a widespread activity among young people, we examined Twitter chatter about drinking. METHOD Tweets containing alcohol- or drinking-related keywords were collected from March 13 to April 11, 2014. We assessed a random sample (n = 5,000) of the most influential Tweets for sentiment, theme, and source. RESULTS Most alcohol-related Tweets reflected a positive sentiment toward alcohol use, with pro-alcohol Tweets outnumbering anti-alcohol Tweets by a factor of more than 10. The most common themes of pro-drinking Tweets included references to frequent or heavy drinking behaviors and wanting/needing/planning to drink alcohol. The most common sources of pro-alcohol Tweets were organic (i.e., noncommercial). CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the need for online prevention messages about drinking to counter the strong pro-alcohol presence on Twitter. However, to enhance the impact of anti-drinking messages on Twitter, it may be prudent for such Tweets to be sent by individuals who are widely followed on Twitter and during times when heavy drinking is more likely to occur (i.e., weekends, holidays).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melissa J Krauss
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Shaina J Sowles
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Laura J Bierut
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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31
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Meisel SN, Colder CR. Social Goals and Grade as Moderators of Social Normative Influences on Adolescent Alcohol Use. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2015; 39:2455-62. [PMID: 26554341 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The literature distinguishes 2 types of social normative influences on adolescent alcohol use, descriptive norms (perceived peer alcohol use) and injunctive norms (perceived approval of drinking). Although theoretical formulations suggest variability in the salience and influence of descriptive and injunctive norms, little is understood regarding for whom and when social norms influence adolescent drinking. Strong agentic and communal social goals were hypothesized to moderate the influence of descriptive and injunctive norms on early adolescent alcohol use, respectively. Developmental changes were also expected, such that these moderating effects were expected to get stronger at later grades. METHODS This longitudinal study included 387 adolescents and 4 annual assessments (spanning 6th to 10th grade). Participants completed questionnaire measures of social goals, social norms, and alcohol use at each wave. RESULTS Multilevel logistic regressions were used to test prospective associations. As hypothesized, descriptive norms predicted increases in the probability of alcohol use for adolescents with strong agentic goals, but only in later grades. Injunctive norms were associated with increases in the probability of drinking for adolescents with low communal goals at earlier grades, whereas injunctive norms were associated with an increased probability of drinking for adolescents with either low or high communal goals at later grades. Although not hypothesized, descriptive norms predicted increases in the probability of drinking for adolescents high in communal goals in earlier grades, whereas descriptive norms predicted drinking for adolescents characterized by low communal goals in later grades. CONCLUSIONS The current study highlights the importance of social goals when considering social normative influences on alcohol use in early and middle adolescence. These findings have implications for whom and when normative feedback interventions might be most effective during this developmental period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel N Meisel
- Department of Psychology, The State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Craig R Colder
- Department of Psychology, The State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
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32
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Farley JP, Kim-Spoon J. Longitudinal Associations among Impulsivity, Friend Substance Use, and Adolescent Substance Use. JOURNAL OF ADDICTION RESEARCH & THERAPY 2015; 6. [PMID: 26523239 PMCID: PMC4624451 DOI: 10.4172/2155-6105.1000220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent substance use is an increasing problem in the United States, and some researchers posit a bidirectional relation between adolescent substance use and the personality trait of impulsivity (e.g., Quinn, Stappenbeck, & Fromme, 2011). Friend substance use has been shown to be a powerful predictor of adolescent substance use, with prior research suggesting a bidirectional relation between adolescent substance use and friend substance use (e.g., Simons-Morton & Chen, 2006). Extant literature has not tested the bidirectional relation between adolescent substance use and impulsivity with longitudinal data nor has it examined this relation while considering the bidirectional relation with the social context factor of friend substance use. Using three waves of longitudinal data, we tested if there was a bidirectional relation between adolescent substance use and impulsivity while also examining the influences of friend substance use. Participants were 131 adolescents (male = 55%, mean age = 13 years at Wave 1). We tested nested models and examined whether adding equality constraints degraded the model fit using a Wald test. Results of structural equation modeling indicated that, after controlling for baseline levels of substance use, impulsivity predicted adolescent and friend substance use over time, whereas adolescent and friend substance use did not predict impulsivity. Adolescents with substance using friends were likely to increase their own substance use. The findings imply that aiming at both improving adolescents’ ability to regulate impulsivity and deterring associations with friends who are using substances is essential for prevention and intervention efforts against substance use development in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julee P Farley
- Research Coordinator, Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, VA, USA
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33
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Gwozdz W, Sousa-Poza A, Reisch LA, Bammann K, Eiben G, Kourides Y, Kovács É, Lauria F, Konstabel K, Santaliestra-Pasias AM, Vyncke K, Pigeot I. Peer effects on obesity in a sample of European children. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2015; 18:139-152. [PMID: 26115518 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study analyzes peer effects on childhood obesity using data from the first two waves of the IDEFICS study, which applies several anthropometric and other measures of fatness to approximately 14,000 children aged two to nine participating in both waves in 16 regions of eight European countries. Peers are defined as same-sex children in the same school and age group. The results show that peer effects do exist in this European sample but that they differ among both regions and different fatness measures. Peer effects are larger in Spain, Italy, and Cyprus--the more collectivist regions in our sample--while waist circumference generally gives rise to larger peer effects than BMI. We also provide evidence that parental misperceptions of their own children's weight goes hand in hand with fatter peer groups, supporting the notion that in making such assessments, parents compare their children's weight with that of friends and schoolmates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencke Gwozdz
- Department of Intercultural Communication and Management, Centre for Corporate Social Responsibility, Copenhagen Business School, Denmark.
| | - Alfonso Sousa-Poza
- Institute for Health Care & Public Management, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 48, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Lucia A Reisch
- Department of Intercultural Communication and Management, Centre for Corporate Social Responsibility, Copenhagen Business School, Denmark.
| | - Karin Bammann
- Bremen Institute for Prevention Research and Social Medicine & Human and Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Gabriele Eiben
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Public Health Epidemiology Unit, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Yiannis Kourides
- Research and Education Institute of Child Health, Strovolos, Cyprus.
| | - Éva Kovács
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Fabio Lauria
- Institute of Food Science & Technology, National Research Council, Italy.
| | - Kenn Konstabel
- Institute of Psychology, Social Sciences and Education, University of Tartu, Estonia.
| | | | - Krishna Vyncke
- Department of Public Health, Medicine and Health Sciences, University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Iris Pigeot
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, Bremen, Germany; Institute of Statistics, Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
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34
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Reynolds AD, Crea TM. Peer influence processes for youth delinquency and depression. J Adolesc 2015; 43:83-95. [PMID: 26066630 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This study explores the multiple factors that account for peer influence processes of adolescent delinquency and depression using data from Waves I and II of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health). Random-effects longitudinal negative binomial models were used to predict depression and delinquency, controlling for social connection variables to account for selection bias. Findings suggest peer depression and delinquency are both predictive of youth delinquency, while peer influences of depression are much more modest. Youth who are more connected to parents and communities and who are more popular within their networks are more susceptible to peer influence, while self-regulating youth are less susceptible. We find support for theories of popularity-socialization as well as weak-ties in explaining social network factors that amplify or constrain peer influence. We argue that practitioners working with youth should consider network-informed interventions to improve program efficacy and avoid iatrogenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Reynolds
- Boston College School of Social Work, McGuinn Hall, 140 Commonwealth Ave., Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA.
| | - Thomas M Crea
- Boston College School of Social Work, McGuinn Hall, 140 Commonwealth Ave., Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
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35
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Allen JP, Loeb EL. The Autonomy-Connection Challenge in Adolescent Peer Relationships. CHILD DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVES 2015; 9:101-105. [PMID: 25937829 PMCID: PMC4414255 DOI: 10.1111/cdep.12111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The world of peers presents a unique developmental challenge to adolescents-one that is likely to be linked to prior experiences within the family, affected by concurrent experiences with adults outside the family, and predictive of future mental and physical health. To negotiate relationships with peers successfully, adolescents must manage the challenge of connecting with peers while establishing autonomy regarding peer influences. Both the nature of this challenge and how it is handled are linked closely to the ways adolescents are treated by the adults in their lives. Adolescents' capacities for autonomy and connection can be developed both in the family and in interventions that engage youth with adults outside the family, suggesting a substantial role for adults in easing adolescents' peer challenges.
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36
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Wang C, Hipp JR, Butts CT, Jose R, Lakon CM. Alcohol use among adolescent youth: the role of friendship networks and family factors in multiple school studies. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119965. [PMID: 25756364 PMCID: PMC4355410 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the co-evolution of friendship tie choice and alcohol use behavior among 1,284 adolescents from 12 small schools and 976 adolescents from one big school sampled in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (AddHealth), we apply a Stochastic Actor-Based (SAB) approach implemented in the R-based Simulation Investigation for Empirical Network Analysis (RSiena) package. Our results indicate the salience of both peer selection and peer influence effects for friendship tie choice and adolescent drinking behavior. Concurrently, the main effect models indicate that parental monitoring and the parental home drinking environment affected adolescent alcohol use in the small school sample, and that parental home drinking environment affected adolescent drinking in the large school sample. In the small school sample, we detect an interaction between the parental home drinking environment and choosing friends that drink as they multiplicatively affect friendship tie choice. Our findings suggest that future research should investigate the synergistic effects of both peer and parental influences for adolescent friendship tie choices and drinking behavior. And given the tendency of adolescents to form ties with their friends' friends, and the evidence of local hierarchy in these networks, popular youth who do not drink may be uniquely positioned and uniquely salient as the highest rank of the hierarchy to cause anti-drinking peer influences to diffuse down the social hierarchy to less popular youth. As such, future interventions should harness prosocial peer influences simultaneously with strategies to increase parental support and monitoring among parents to promote affiliation with prosocial peers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- Department of Sociology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - John R. Hipp
- Departments of Criminology, Law and Society and Sociology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Carter T. Butts
- Departments of Sociology and Statistics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Rupa Jose
- Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Cynthia M. Lakon
- Program in Public Health, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
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Choukas-Bradley S, Giletta M, Neblett EW, Prinstein MJ. Ethnic differences in associations among popularity, likability, and trajectories of adolescents' alcohol use and frequency. Child Dev 2015; 86:519-35. [PMID: 25571943 PMCID: PMC5985441 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.12333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two-part latent growth models examined associations between two forms of peer status (popularity, likability) and adolescents' alcohol use trajectories throughout high school; ethnicity was examined as a moderator. Ninth-grade low-income adolescents (N = 364; Mage = 15.08; 52.5% Caucasian; 25.8% African American; 21.7% Latino) completed sociometric nominations of peer status and aggression at baseline, and reported their alcohol use every 6 months. After controlling for gender, aggression, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status, popularity-but not likability-prospectively predicted alcohol use trajectories. However, these effects were moderated by ethnicity, suggesting popularity as a risk factor for alcohol use probability and frequency among Caucasian and Latino, but not African American adolescents. Results suggest that developmental correlates of peer status should be considered within cultural context.
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38
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Vogel M, Rees CE, McCuddy T, Carson DC. The highs that bind: school context, social status and marijuana use. J Youth Adolesc 2015; 44:1153-64. [PMID: 25665535 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-015-0254-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Substance use has been closely linked with the structural characteristics of adolescent social networks. Those who drink, smoke, and use drugs typically enjoy an elevated status among their peers. Rates of substance use vary substantially across schools, and indicators of school structure and climate account for at least part of this variation. Emerging research suggests peer-group processes are contingent on school context, but questions remain regarding the school-level mechanisms which condition the influence of network characteristics on substance use. The present study uses multilevel logistic regression models to examine the moderating influence of school connectedness, school drug culture, and global network density on the association between peer network status and marijuana use. The analyses draw on self, peer, and parental data from a sample of 7,548 high-school aged youth nested within 106 schools participating in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (mean age = 15.2; % white = 59 %; male = 45 %). The results indicate that school connectedness significantly reduces the effect of social status on marijuana use. This provides evidence that school-level mechanisms can reduce the instrumentality of marijuana consumption in the status attainment process in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt Vogel
- Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Missouri - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA,
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39
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Rees C, Wallace D. Reprint of: The myth of conformity: Adolescents and abstention from unhealthy drinking behaviors. Soc Sci Med 2015; 125:151-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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40
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Allen JP, Schad MM, Oudekerk B, Chango J. What ever happened to the "cool" kids? Long-term sequelae of early adolescent pseudomature behavior. Child Dev 2014; 85:1866-80. [PMID: 24919537 PMCID: PMC4165811 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.12250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomature behavior-ranging from minor delinquency to precocious romantic involvement-is widely viewed as a nearly normative feature of adolescence. When such behavior occurs early in adolescence, however, it was hypothesized to reflect a misguided overemphasis upon impressing peers and was considered likely to predict long-term adjustment problems. In a multimethod, multireporter study following a community sample of 184 adolescents from ages 13 to 23, early adolescent pseudomature behavior was linked cross-sectionally to a heightened desire for peer popularity and to short-term success with peers. Longitudinal results, however, supported the study's central hypothesis: Early adolescent pseudomature behavior predicted long-term difficulties in close relationships, as well as significant problems with alcohol and substance use, and elevated levels of criminal behavior.
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41
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Dohn MN, Jiménez Méndez SA, Nolasco Pozo M, Altagracia Cabrera E, Dohn AL. Alcohol use and church attendance among seventh through twelfth grade students, Dominican Republic, 2011. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2014. [PMID: 23180008 PMCID: PMC3982211 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-012-9663-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Excessive alcohol consumption increases the years of life lost to premature death and disability worldwide. Religion is a mitigating factor in alcohol consumption. A survey in the Dominican Republic showed increasing church attendance by middle and high school students (N = 3,478) was associated with a delay in age at first alcoholic drink, fewer students who had consumed alcohol in the past month (current drinkers), lower alcohol consumption levels, fewer episodes of inebriation, and less heavy episodic alcohol consumption (all P < 0.0001). The results suggested that it may be useful to conceive of church-attending youth as a subset of the adolescent social network when planning primary alcohol prevention programs for young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael N Dohn
- Programa de Salud Comunitaria, Clínica Esperanza y Caridad, Iglesia Episcopal Dominicana, Apartado 509, C/ Sánchez #9, esq. Freddy Gaton Arce, Sector Miramar, San Pedro de Macorís, 21000, Dominican Republic,
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42
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The myth of conformity: Adolescents and abstention from unhealthy drinking behaviors. Soc Sci Med 2014; 108:34-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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43
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Ali MM, Amialchuk A, Nikaj S. Alcohol consumption and social network ties among adolescents: evidence from Add Health. Addict Behav 2014; 39:918-22. [PMID: 24393547 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Revised: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Although many studies have estimated the influence of peers on risky health behaviors, few have estimated the gains that adolescents receive from such behaviors, particularly in terms of social payoffs for complying with peer behavior. In this paper, we explore the extent to which alcohol consumption increases popularity of adolescents. Using data from a nationally-representative sample of adolescents, we estimate endogeneity-corrected models with school-level fixed effects to identify the effect of alcohol consumption on social network ties. We find that alcohol consumption leads to an increase in popularity, with the largest gains experienced by white males and females. Our results provide new evidence on the motivation behind adolescent drinking and have important implications for substance abuse interventions.
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44
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A matter of timing: developmental theories of romantic involvement and psychosocial adjustment. Dev Psychopathol 2014; 26:1149-60. [PMID: 24703413 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579414000182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The present study compared two theories of the association between romantic involvement and adjustment: a social timetable theory and a developmental task theory. We examined seven waves of longitudinal data on a community based sample of 200 participants (Wave 1 mean age = 15 years, 10 months). In each wave, multiple measures of substance use, externalizing symptoms, and internalizing symptoms were gathered, typically from multiple reporters. Multilevel modeling revealed that greater levels of romantic involvement in adolescence were associated with higher levels of substance use and externalizing symptoms but became associated with lower levels in adulthood. Having a romantic partner was associated with greater levels of substance use, externalizing symptoms, and internalizing symptoms in adolescence but was associated with lower levels in young adulthood. The findings were not consistent with a social timetable theory, which predicts that nonnormative involvement is associated with poor adjustment. Instead, the findings are consistent with a developmental task theory, which predicts that precocious romantic involvement undermines development and adaptation, but when romantic involvement becomes a salient developmental task in adulthood, it is associated with positive adjustment. Discussion focuses on the processes that may underlie the changing nature of the association between romantic involvement and adjustment.
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45
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Deutsch AR, Steinley D, Slutske WS. The role of gender and friends' gender on peer socialization of adolescent drinking: a prospective multilevel social network analysis. J Youth Adolesc 2013; 43:1421-35. [PMID: 24170437 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-013-0048-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Although socializing effects of friends' drinking on adolescent drinking behavior have been firmly established in previous literature, study results on the importance of gender, as well as the specific role that gender may play in peer socialization, are very mixed. Given the increasing importance of gender in friendships (particularly opposite-sex friendships) during adolescence, it is necessary to better understand the nuanced roles that gender can play in peer socialization effects on alcohol use. In addition, previous studies focusing on the interplay between individual gender and friends' gender have been largely dyadic; less is known about potential gendered effects of broader social networks. The current study sought to further investigate potential effects of gender on friends' influence on adolescent drinking behavior with particular emphasis on the number of same-sex and opposite-sex friends within one's friendship network, as well as closeness to these friends. Using Waves I and II of the saturated sample of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), adolescent friendship networks were used to calculate the mean drinking behaviors of adolescent friends. Multi-level models estimated the effects of individual drinking behaviors, friend drinking behaviors, and school-level drinking behaviors on adolescent drinking 1 year later, as well as moderating effects of gender composition of friendship groups and male and female friend closeness on the relationship between friends' drinking behaviors and adolescent drinking behavior. Results documented that gender composition of friendship groups did not influence the effect of friends' drinking on individual drinking 1 year later. However, closeness to friends did influence this relationship. As closeness to male friends decreased, the influence of their drinking behavior increased, for both boys and girls. A similar effect was found for female friends, but only for boys. Female friend closeness did not affect the relationship between peer alcohol socialization and girls' alcohol use. The findings indicate that the role of gender on alcohol socialization may be more complex than previously thought, particularly when examining the potential role that alcohol use may play as a mechanism for social bonding within opposite-sex friendships and same-sex male friendships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle R Deutsch
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, 112 Psychology Building, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA,
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Osgood DW, Ragan DT, Wallace L, Gest SD, Feinberg ME, Moody J. Peers and the Emergence of Alcohol Use: Influence and Selection Processes in Adolescent Friendship Networks. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2013; 23:10.1111/jora.12059. [PMID: 24307830 PMCID: PMC3844135 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This study addresses not only influence and selection of friends as sources of similarity in alcohol use, but also peer processes leading drinkers to be chosen as friends more often than non-drinkers, which increases the number of adolescents subject to their influence. Analyses apply a stochastic actor-based model to friendship networks assessed five times from 6th through 9th grades for 50 grade cohort networks in Iowa and Pennsylvania, which include 13,214 individuals. Results show definite influence and selection for similarity in alcohol use, as well as reciprocal influences between drinking and frequently being chosen as a friend. These findings suggest that adolescents view alcohol use as an attractive, high status activity and that friendships expose adolescents to opportunities for drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Wayne Osgood
- Crime, Law and Justice Program, Department of Sociology, Pennsylvania State University, 211 Oswald Tower, University Park, PA 16802
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Brown BB. Adolescents, Organized Activities, and Peers: Knowledge Gained and Knowledge Needed. New Dir Child Adolesc Dev 2013; 2013:77-96. [PMID: 23766097 DOI: 10.1002/cad.20038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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48
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Wormington SV, Anderson KG, Tomlinson KL, Brown SA. Alcohol and Other Drug Use in Middle School: The Interplay of Gender, Peer Victimization, and Supportive Social Relationships. THE JOURNAL OF EARLY ADOLESCENCE 2013; 33:610-634. [PMID: 26294803 PMCID: PMC4539963 DOI: 10.1177/0272431612453650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The current study examined the impact of supportive social relationships (i.e., teacher support, adult support, school relatedness) and peer victimization on middle school students' substance use. Over 3,000 middle school students reported on alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use, supportive social relationships, and instances in which they were the victim of aggressive behavior. Mixed-effects logit regression analyses revealed complementary patterns of results across types of substances. Students who perceived high levels of social support were less likely to report alcohol and drug use initiation, particularly at low levels of peer victimization. Gender moderated the negative effect of peer victimization, with highly victimized boys most likely to report alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use. Results indicated a complex interplay of social influences and moderating variables in predicting early onset alcohol and other drug use, one that researchers should consider when studying adolescents' decisions to use alcohol and other drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie V. Wormington
- Department of Psychology, Reed College, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Kristin L. Tomlinson
- Department of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sandra A. Brown
- Department of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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Grant AM, Brown BB, Moreno MA. The Disparity between Social Drinking Motives and Social Outcomes: A New Perspective on College Student Drinking. COLLEGE STUDENT JOURNAL 2013; 47:96-101. [PMID: 24634551 PMCID: PMC3952875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Students report drinking for social reasons, yet the social benefits of alcohol use are less understood. Associations between social drinking motives, drinking behaviors, and college friendships were examined via in-person interviews with 72 college freshmen from a large Midwestern University. Social drinking motives were significantly associated with drinking behaviors; however, drinking behaviors were not associated with the number of new casual or close friends students made at college. Consistent with previous research, social motives predicted drinking behaviors; however drinking behaviors were unrelated to friendship outcomes. Drinking prevention campaigns might incorporate these findings in an effort to alter college freshmen's social alcohol expectancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M Grant
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - B Bradford Brown
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Megan A Moreno
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison
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50
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Mundt MP, French MT. Adolescent alcohol use, sociability and income as a young adult. APPLIED ECONOMICS 2013; 45:3329-3339. [PMID: 22984291 PMCID: PMC3439205 DOI: 10.1080/00036846.2012.707773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We use data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent Health (Add Health) to study how sociability and adolescent alcohol use impact personal income as a young adult. We find that factors which enhance not only individual sociability but also social interaction at the community level are positively linked to future earnings of adolescents. Adolescents whose friends and friends of friends have greater sociability reap long-term labor market rewards into adulthood. After adjusting for individual and community sociability, the effect of teenage alcohol consumption on labor market earnings as young adults is reduced. Our results suggest that earnings premiums associated with adolescent alcohol consumption may be partially explained by social network dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlon P. Mundt
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Michael T. French
- Department of Sociology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124, USA
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