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Wang Y, Xu B, Chen H, Yang F, Huang J, Jiao X, Zhang Y. Environmental factors and gut microbiota: Toward better conservation of deer species. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1136413. [PMID: 36960286 PMCID: PMC10027939 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1136413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Thousands of microbial species inhabiting the animal gut, collectively known as the gut microbiota, play many specific roles related to host nutrient metabolism and absorption, immune regulation, and protection from pathogenic bacteria. Gut microbiota composition is affected by several internal and external factors, such as the host genotype, dietary intake, breeding environment, and antibiotic exposure. As deer species are important members for maintaining ecosystem balance, understanding the effects of multiple factors on the gut microbiota of deer species, particularly endangered ones, is crucial. In this review, we summarize and discuss the factors that significantly affect the gut microbiota of deer and present the impacts of these factors on microbial composition. In particular, we focused on the changes in gut microbiota due to dietary differences under different conditions, including seasonal changes, different geographical locations, and captivity, as well as weaning and pathogen disturbance. Understanding the correlations between gut microbiota composition and its driving factors is important for evaluating and improving the captive breeding environment for better conservation of endangered deer species, and reintroducing wild deer populations in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-Food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-Food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-Food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-Food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jinlin Huang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-Food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xin’an Jiao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-Food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Xin’an Jiao,
| | - Yunzeng Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-Food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yunzeng Zhang,
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Dezeure J, Burtschell L, Baniel A, Carter AJ, Godelle B, Cowlishaw G, Huchard E. Evolutionary Determinants of Nonseasonal Breeding in Wild Chacma Baboons. Am Nat 2023; 201:106-124. [PMID: 36524939 DOI: 10.1086/722082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAnimal reproductive phenology varies from strongly seasonal to nonseasonal, sometimes among closely related or sympatric species. While the extent of reproductive seasonality is often attributed to environmental seasonality, this fails to explain many cases of nonseasonal breeding in seasonal environments. We investigated the evolutionary determinants of nonseasonal breeding in a wild primate, the chacma baboon (Papio ursinus), living in a seasonal environment with high climatic unpredictability. We tested three hypotheses proposing that nonseasonal breeding has evolved in response to (1) climatic unpredictability, (2) reproductive competition between females favoring birth asynchrony, and (3) individual, rank-dependent variations in optimal reproductive timing. We found strong support for an effect of reproductive asynchrony modulated by rank: (i) birth synchrony is costly to subordinate females, lengthening their interbirth intervals; (ii) females alter their reproductive timings (fertility periods and conceptions) in relation to previous conceptions in the group; and (iii) the reported effect of birth synchrony on interbirth intervals weakens the intensity of reproductive seasonality at the population level. This study emphasizes the importance of sociality in mediating the evolution of reproductive phenology in group-living organisms, a result of broad significance for understanding key demographic parameters driving population responses to increasing climatic fluctuations.
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De Giorgi A, Storari A, Rodríguez-Muñoz PM, Cappadona R, Lamberti N, Manfredini F, López-Soto PJ, Manfredini R, Fabbian F. Seasonal pattern in elderly hospitalized with acute kidney injury: a retrospective nationwide study in Italy. Int Urol Nephrol 2022; 54:3243-3253. [PMID: 35779158 PMCID: PMC9605924 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-022-03271-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Acute kidney injury (AKI) frequently complicates hospitalization and is associated with in-hospital mortality (IHM). It has been reported a seasonal trend in different clinical conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible relationship between seasons of the year and IHM in elderly hospitalized patients with AKI. Methods We selected all admissions complicated by AKI between 2000 and 2015 recorded in the Italian National Hospital Database. ICD-9-CM code 584.xx identified subjects with age ≥ 65 years and age, sex, comorbidity burden, need of dialysis treatment and IHM were compared in hospitalizations recorded during the four seasons. Moreover, we plotted the AKI observed/expected ratio and percentage of mortality during the study period. Results We evaluated 759,720 AKI hospitalizations (mean age 80.5 ± 7.8 years, 52.2% males). Patients hospitalized with AKI during winter months had higher age, prevalence of dialysis-dependent AKI, and number of deceased patients. In whole population IHM was higher in winter and lower in summer, while the AKI observed/expected ratio demonstrated two peaks, one in summer and one in winter. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that parameters such as age, autumn, winter, comorbidity burden were positively associated with IHM. Conclusion We conclude that a seasonality exists in AKI, however, relationship between seasons and AKI could vary depending on the aspects considered. Both autumn and winter months are independent risk factors for IHM in patients with AKI regardless of age, sex and comorbidity burden. On the contrary, summer time reduces the risk of death during hospitalizations with AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alda Storari
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pedro Manuel Rodríguez-Muñoz
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Department of Nursing, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rosaria Cappadona
- Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Nicola Lamberti
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fabio Manfredini
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pablo Jesús López-Soto
- Department of Nursing, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,Department of Nursing, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Roberto Manfredini
- Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fabio Fabbian
- Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
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Yildirim E, Ilina L, Laptev G, Filippova V, Brazhnik E, Dunyashev T, Dubrovin A, Novikova N, Tiurina D, Tarlavin N, Laishev K. The structure and functional profile of ruminal microbiota in young and adult reindeers ( Rangifer tarandus) consuming natural winter-spring and summer-autumn seasonal diets. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12389. [PMID: 34900412 PMCID: PMC8627130 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The key natural area of Russian reindeer (Rangifer tarandus, Nenets breed) is arctic zones, with severe climatic conditions and scarce feed resources, especially in the cold winter season. The adaptation of reindeer to these conditions is associated not only with the genetic potential of the animal itself. The rumen microbiome provides significant assistance in adapting animals to difficult conditions by participating in the fiber digestion. The aim of our study is to investigate the taxonomy and predicted metabolic pathways of the ruminal microbiota (RM) during the winter–spring (WS) and summer–autumn (SA) seasons, in calves and adult reindeer inhabiting the natural pastures of the Yamalo-Nenetsky Autonomous District of the Russian Federation. Methods The RM in reindeer was studied using the Next Generation Sequencing method with the MiSeq (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA) platform. Reconstruction and prediction of functional profiles of the metagenome, gene families, and enzymes were performed using the software package PICRUSt2 (v.2.3.0). Results The nutritional value of WS and SA diets significantly differed. Crude fiber content in the WS diet was higher by 22.4% (p < 0.05), compared to SA, indicating possibly poorer digestibility and necessity of the adaptation of the RM to this seasonal change. A total of 22 bacterial superphyla and phyla were found in the rumen, superphylum Bacteroidota and phylum Firmicutes being the dominating taxa (up to 48.1% ± 4.30% and 46.1% ± 4.80%, respectively); while only two archaeal phyla presented as minor communities (no more then 0.54% ± 0.14% totally). The percentages of the dominating taxa were not affected by age or season. However, significant changes in certain minor communities were found, with seasonal changes being more significant than age-related ones. The percentage of phylum Actinobacteriota significantly increased (19.3-fold) in SA, compared to WS (p = 0.02) in adults, and the percentage of phylum Cyanobacteria increased up to seven-fold (p = 0.002) in adults and calves. Seasonal changes in RM can improve the ability of reindeer to withstand the seasons characterized by a low availability of nutrients. The PICRUSt2 results revealed 257 predicted metabolic pathways in RM: 41 pathways were significantly (p < 0.05) influenced by season and/or age, including the processes of synthesis of vitamins, volatile fatty acids, and pigments; metabolism of protein, lipids, and energy; pathogenesis, methanogenesis, butanediol to pyruvate biosynthesis, cell wall biosynthesis, degradation of neurotransmitters, lactic acid fermentation, and biosynthesis of nucleic acids. A large part of these changeable pathways (13 of 41) was related to the synthesis of vitamin K homologues. Conclusion The results obtained improve our knowledge on the structure and possible metabolic pathways of the RM in reindeer, in relation to seasonal changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Yildirim
- Molecular Genetic laboratory, BIOTROF+ LTD, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Larisa Ilina
- Molecular Genetic laboratory, BIOTROF+ LTD, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Georgy Laptev
- Molecular Genetic laboratory, BIOTROF+ LTD, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Evgeni Brazhnik
- Molecular Genetic laboratory, BIOTROF+ LTD, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Timur Dunyashev
- Molecular Genetic laboratory, BIOTROF+ LTD, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Andrey Dubrovin
- Molecular Genetic laboratory, BIOTROF+ LTD, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natalia Novikova
- Molecular Genetic laboratory, BIOTROF+ LTD, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Daria Tiurina
- Molecular Genetic laboratory, BIOTROF+ LTD, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nikolay Tarlavin
- Molecular Genetic laboratory, BIOTROF+ LTD, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Kasim Laishev
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Environmental Management of the Arctic, Federal Research Center of Russian Academy Sciences, Pushkin, Saint-Petersurg, Russia
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5
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Abstract
Over the last two decades, the viromes of our closest relatives, the African great apes (AGA), have been intensively studied. Comparative approaches have unveiled diverse evolutionary patterns, highlighting both stable host-virus associations over extended evolutionary timescales and much more recent viral emergence events. In this chapter, we summarize these findings and outline how they have shed a new light on the origins and evolution of many human-infecting viruses. We also show how this knowledge can be used to better understand the evolution of human health in relation to viral infections.
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6
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Pozo MI, Mariën T, van Kemenade G, Wäckers F, Jacquemyn H. Effects of pollen and nectar inoculation by yeasts, bacteria or both on bumblebee colony development. Oecologia 2021; 195:689-703. [PMID: 33582870 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-04872-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
It is increasingly recognized that gut microbiota have a major effect on the physiology, biology, ecology and evolution of their animal hosts. Because in social insects, the gut microbiota is acquired through the diet and by contact with nest provisions, it can be hypothesized that regular supplementation of microorganisms to the diet will have an impact on the fitness of the consumer and on the development of the whole colony. To test this hypothesis, we investigated how supplementation of bacteria, yeasts, and combinations of the two to either pollen or nectar affected colony development in the social bumblebee Bombus terrestris. Three yeasts and three bacterial species that live at the flower-insect interface were used in the experiments and the development of bumblebee colonies was monitored over a period of 10 weeks. The results showed that administration of microbes via pollen had a stronger positive impact on colony development than when provided via sugar water. Supplementation of bacteria led, in general, to a faster egg laying, higher brood size and increased production of workers during the first weeks, whereas yeasts or a combination of yeasts and bacteria had less impact on colony development. However, the results differed between microbial species, with Wickerhamiella bombiphila and Rosenbergiella nectarea showing the strongest increase in colony development. Torulaspora delbrueckii induced early male production, which is likely a fitness cost. We conclude that the tested bacteria-yeast consortia did not result in better colony development than the interacting species alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- María I Pozo
- Biology Department, Plant Conservation and Population Biology, KU Leuven, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium.
| | - Toon Mariën
- Biology Department, Plant Conservation and Population Biology, KU Leuven, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Gaby van Kemenade
- Biology Department, Plant Conservation and Population Biology, KU Leuven, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium.,Biobest Group, Research and Development, 2260, Westerlo, Belgium
| | - Felix Wäckers
- Biobest Group, Research and Development, 2260, Westerlo, Belgium
| | - Hans Jacquemyn
- Biology Department, Plant Conservation and Population Biology, KU Leuven, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
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Ferris C, Wright R, Brockhurst MA, Best A. The evolution of host resistance and parasite infectivity is highest in seasonal resource environments that oscillate at intermediate amplitudes. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20200787. [PMID: 32453992 PMCID: PMC7287369 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.0787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Seasonal environments vary in their amplitude of oscillation but the effects of this temporal heterogeneity for host-parasite coevolution are poorly understood. Here, we combined mathematical modelling and experimental evolution of a coevolving bacteria-phage interaction to show that the intensity of host-parasite coevolution peaked in environments that oscillate in their resource supply with intermediate amplitude. Our experimentally parameterized mathematical model explains that this pattern is primarily driven by the ecological effects of resource oscillations on host growth rates. Our findings suggest that in host-parasite systems where the host's but not the parasite's population growth dynamics are subject to seasonal forcing, the intensity of coevolution will peak at intermediate amplitudes but be constrained at extreme amplitudes of environmental oscillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Ferris
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sheffield, Hicks Building, 226 Hounsfield Road, Sheffield S3 7RH, UK
| | - Rosanna Wright
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Michael A. Brockhurst
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Alex Best
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sheffield, Hicks Building, 226 Hounsfield Road, Sheffield S3 7RH, UK
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8
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Tinsley Johnson E, Benítez ME, Fuentes A, McLean CR, Norford AB, Ordoñez JC, Beehner JC, Bergman TJ. High density of white-faced capuchins (Cebus capucinus) and habitat quality in the Taboga Forest of Costa Rica. Am J Primatol 2020; 82:e23096. [PMID: 31976575 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Across the globe, primates are threatened by human activities. This is especially true for species found in tropical dry forests, which remain largely unprotected. Our ability to predict primate abundance in the face of human activity depends on different species' sensitivities as well as on the characteristics of the forest itself. We studied plant and primate distribution and abundance in the Taboga Forest, a 516-ha tropical dry forest surrounded by agricultural fields in northwestern Costa Rica. We found that the density of white-faced capuchins (Cebus capucinus) at Taboga is 2-6 times higher than reported for other long-term white-faced capuchin sites. Using plant transects, we also found relatively high species richness, diversity, and equitability compared with other tropical dry forests. Edge transects (i.e., within 100 m from the forest boundary) differed from interior transects in two ways: (a) tree species associated with dry forest succession were well-established in the edge and (b) canopy cover in the edge was maintained year-round, while the interior forest was deciduous. Sighting rates for capuchins were higher near water sources but did not vary between the edge and interior forest. For comparison, we also found the same to be true for the only other primate in the Taboga Forest, mantled howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata). Year-round access to water might explain why some primate species can flourish even alongside anthropogenic disturbance. Forest fragments like Taboga may support high densities of some species because they provide a mosaic of habitats and key resources that buffer adverse ecological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Tinsley Johnson
- Capuchins at Taboga Research Project, Taboga Forest Reserve, Guanacaste, Costa Rica.,Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Marcela E Benítez
- Capuchins at Taboga Research Project, Taboga Forest Reserve, Guanacaste, Costa Rica.,Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Decatur, Georgia
| | - Alexander Fuentes
- Capuchins at Taboga Research Project, Taboga Forest Reserve, Guanacaste, Costa Rica
| | - Celia R McLean
- Capuchins at Taboga Research Project, Taboga Forest Reserve, Guanacaste, Costa Rica
| | - Ariek B Norford
- Capuchins at Taboga Research Project, Taboga Forest Reserve, Guanacaste, Costa Rica.,Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Juan Carlos Ordoñez
- Capuchins at Taboga Research Project, Taboga Forest Reserve, Guanacaste, Costa Rica
| | - Jacinta C Beehner
- Capuchins at Taboga Research Project, Taboga Forest Reserve, Guanacaste, Costa Rica.,Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Thore J Bergman
- Capuchins at Taboga Research Project, Taboga Forest Reserve, Guanacaste, Costa Rica.,Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Aristizabal JF, Negrete-Yankelevich S, Macías-Ordóñez R, Chapman CA, Serio-Silva JC. Spatial aggregation of fruits explains food selection in a neotropical primate (Alouatta pigra). Sci Rep 2019; 9:19452. [PMID: 31857630 PMCID: PMC6923416 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55932-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The availability and spatial distribution of food resources affect animal behavior and survival. Black howler monkeys (Alouatta pigra) have a foraging strategy to balance their nutrient intake that involves mixing their consumption of leaves and fruits. The spatial aggregation of food items should impact this strategy, but how it does so is largely unknown. We quantified how leaf and fruit intake combined (here termed food set selection) was spatially aggregated in patches and how food aggregation varied across seasons. Using variograms we estimated patch diameter and with Generalized Least Square models determined the effect of food spatial aggregation on food selection. Only fruits were structured in patches in the season of highest availability (dry-season). The patches of food set selection had a diameter between 6.9 and 14 m and were explained by those of mature fruit availability which were between 18 and 19 m in diameter. Our results suggest that the spatial pattern of food selection is influenced by patches of large fruit-bearing trees, not by particular species. Fruit also occur along spatial gradients, but these do not explain food selection, suggesting that howlers maximize food intake in response to local aggregation of fruit that are limiting during certain seasons. We demonstrate how the independent spatial modelling of resources and behavior enables the definition of patches and testing their spatial relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Aristizabal
- Red de Biología y Conservación de Vertebrados, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Carretera antigua a Coatepec No. 351, El Haya, CP 91070 Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - Simoneta Negrete-Yankelevich
- Red de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Carretera antigua a Coatepec No. 351, El Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz, 91070, México.
| | - Rogelio Macías-Ordóñez
- Red de Biología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Carretera antigua a Coatepec No. 351, El Haya, CP 91070 Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - Colin A Chapman
- Department of Anthropology, Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Juan C Serio-Silva
- Red de Biología y Conservación de Vertebrados, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Carretera antigua a Coatepec No. 351, El Haya, CP 91070 Xalapa, Veracruz, México
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10
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Longevity and mortality of captive chimpanzees in Japan from 1921 to 2018. Primates 2019; 60:525-535. [DOI: 10.1007/s10329-019-00755-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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11
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Hu X, Liu G, Li Y, Wei Y, Lin S, Liu S, Zheng Y, Hu D. High-Throughput Analysis Reveals Seasonal Variation of the Gut Microbiota Composition Within Forest Musk Deer ( Moschus berezovskii). Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1674. [PMID: 30093891 PMCID: PMC6070636 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a key role in the nutritional ecology of ruminants, and host diet has a significant effect on these microbial communities. Longitudinal studies assessing variation of seasonal microbiota in animals can provide a comparative context for interpreting the adaptive significance of such changes. However, few studies have investigated the effects of seasonally-related dietary shifts on the gut microbial communities of endangered forest musk deer (FMD), and the national breeding programs need this information to promote the growth of captive populations. The present study applied bacterial 16S rRNA genes based on high-throughput sequencing to profile the fecal microbial communities of FMD across four seasons. Microbial diversity was higher in seasons with dry leaf diets (winter and spring) compared to seasons with fresh leaf diets (summer and autumn). The dominant microbial phyla were Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, and the core bacterial taxa also comprised mostly (94.40% of shared OTUs) Firmicutes (37 taxa) and Bacteroidetes (6 taxa), which were relatively stable across different seasons. The Firmicutes-Bacteroidetes ratio declined in seasons with fresh leaf diets relative to seasons with dry leaf diets, and the dominant genera among the four seasons showed no significant variation in abundance. This work explores the seasonal variation in the microbial communities of FMD for the first time, and reveals how gut microbial community dynamics vary seasonally in accordance with differences in dietary plants (fresh and dry leaf). These results indicate that the annual cyclic reconfiguration of FMD gut microbiota could be associated with shifts in dietary nutrients, which is important information to inform captive FMD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Laboratory of Non-invasive Research Technology for Endangered Species, College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Institute of Wetland Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Yimeng Li
- Laboratory of Non-invasive Research Technology for Endangered Species, College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuting Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Laboratory of Non-invasive Research Technology for Endangered Species, College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaobi Lin
- Zhangzhou Pien Tze Huang Pharmaceutical, Co., Ltd., Zhangzhou, China
| | - Shuqiang Liu
- Laboratory of Non-invasive Research Technology for Endangered Species, College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunlin Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Defu Hu
- Laboratory of Non-invasive Research Technology for Endangered Species, College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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Cristóbal Azkarate J, Dunn JC, Domingo Balcells C, Veà Baró J. A demographic history of a population of howler monkeys ( Alouatta palliata) living in a fragmented landscape in Mexico. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3547. [PMID: 28848687 PMCID: PMC5571790 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term field studies are critical for our understanding of animal life history and the processes driving changes in demography. Here, we present long-term demographic data for the northernmost population of mantled howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata) residing in a highly anthropogenically fragmented landscape in Los Tuxtlas, Mexico. We carried out 454 monthly group visits to 10 groups of mantled howler monkeys between 2000 and 2011. The population remained relatively stable over the 11-year study period, with an overall increase in the total number of individuals. Birth rates and inter-birth intervals were comparable to those of howler monkeys at non-fragmented sites, suggesting that living in a fragmented landscape did not affect the reproductive output of our study population. Moreover, despite the landscape, dispersal events were commonplace, including many secondary dispersals (individuals emigrating from groups that they had previously immigrated into). Finally, we found a marked effect of seasonality on the dynamics of our study population. In particular, the period of lowest temperatures and resource scarcity between November and March was associated with higher mortality and reproductive inhibition, while the period of resource abundance between April and May was associated with the majority of conceptions and weaning of offspring. This, in turn, could be influencing dispersal patterns in our study area, as male howler monkeys seem to time some of their immigrations into new groups to coincide with the start of the period of higher fertility, while females preferentially joined new groups several months before the onset of this period. These data have important implications for the conservation and management of howler monkeys in fragmented landscapes, as well as for our understanding of the effect of seasonality over howler monkey dispersal, reproduction and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacob C. Dunn
- Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Animal and Environment Research Group, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Joaquim Veà Baró
- Centre Especial de Recerca en Primats, Facultat de Psicologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Hassell JM, Zimmerman D, Cranfield MR, Gilardi K, Mudakikwa A, Ramer J, Nyirakaragire E, Lowenstine LJ. Morbidity and mortality in infant mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei): A 46-year retrospective review. Am J Primatol 2017; 79. [PMID: 28749595 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Long-term studies of morbidity and mortality in free-ranging primates are scarce, but may have important implications for the conservation of extant populations. Infants comprise a particularly important age group, as variation in survival rates may have a strong influence on population dynamics. Since 1968, the Mountain Gorilla Veterinary Project (MGVP, Inc.) and government partners have conducted a comprehensive health monitoring and disease investigation program on mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei) in Rwanda, Uganda, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. In an effort to better understand diseases in this species, we reviewed reliable field reports (n = 37), gross post-mortem (n = 66), and histopathology (n = 53) reports for 103 infants (less than 3.5 years) mountain gorillas in the Virunga Massif. Our aim was to conduct the first comprehensive analysis of causes of infant mortality and to correlate histological evidence with antemortem morbidity in infant mountain gorillas. Causes of morbidity and mortality were described, and compared by age, sex, and over time. Trauma was the most common cause of death in infants (56%), followed by respiratory infections and aspiration (13%). Gastrointestinal parasitism (33%), atypical lymphoid hyperplasia (suggestive of infectious disease) (31%), and hepatic capillariasis (25%) were the most significant causes of antemortem morbidity identified post-mortem. Identifying the causes of mortality and morbidity in infants of this critically endangered species will help to inform policy aimed at their protection and guide ante- and post-mortem health monitoring and clinical decision-making in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Hassell
- Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK.,Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, UK
| | | | - Michael R Cranfield
- Gorilla Doctors, MGVP, Inc. and Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Kirsten Gilardi
- Gorilla Doctors, MGVP, Inc. and Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | | | | | | | - Linda J Lowenstine
- Gorilla Doctors, MGVP, Inc. and Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
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14
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Nsi Akoue G, Mbading-Mbading W, Willaume E, Souza A, Mbatchi B, Charpentier MJE. Seasonal and individual predictors of diet in a free-ranging population of mandrills. Ethology 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gontran Nsi Akoue
- URAB-Laboratoire de Physiologie Animale; Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku; Franceville Gabon
| | | | | | - Alain Souza
- URAB-Laboratoire de Physiologie Animale; Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku; Franceville Gabon
| | - Bertrand Mbatchi
- URAB-Laboratoire de Physiologie Animale; Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku; Franceville Gabon
| | - Marie J. E. Charpentier
- CEFE-CNRS UMR 5175; Montpellier Cedex 5 France
- ISEM UMR 5554; Place Eugène Bataillon; Montpellier Cedex 5 France
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15
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Vogel ER, Alavi SE, Utami-Atmoko SS, van Noordwijk MA, Bransford TD, Erb WM, Zulfa A, Sulistyo F, Farida WR, Rothman JM. Nutritional ecology of wild Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) in a peat swamp habitat: Effects of age, sex, and season. Am J Primatol 2016; 79:1-20. [PMID: 27889926 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The spatial and temporal variation in food abundance has strong effects on wildlife feeding and nutrition. This variation is exemplified by the peatland forests of Central Kalimantan, which are characterized by unpredictable fruiting fluctuations, relatively low levels of fruit availability, and low fruit periods (<3% of trees fruiting) that can last nearly a year. Challenged by these environments, large, arboreal frugivores like orangutans must periodically rely on non-preferred, lower-quality foods to meet their nutritional needs. We examined variation in nutrient intake among age-sex classes and seasons over a 7-year period at the Tuanan Orangutan Research Station in Central Kalimantan. We conducted 2,316 full-day focal follows on 62 habituated orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii). We found differences in total energy and macronutrient intake across age-sex classes, controlling for metabolic body mass. Intake of both total energy and macronutrients varied with fruit availability, and preference of dietary items increased with their nutritional quality. Foraging-related variables, such as day journey length, travel time, and feeding time, also varied among age-sex classes and with fruit availability. Our results add to the growing body of literature suggesting that great variation in foraging strategies exists among species, populations, and age-sex classes and in response to periods of resource scarcity. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS The spatial and temporal variation in food abundance has strong effects on wildlife feeding and nutrition. Here we present the first long term study of the effects of variation in fruit availability and age/sex class on nutritional ecology of wild Bornean orangutans. We examined variation in nutrient intake of wild orangutans in living in a peat swamp habitat over a 7-year period at the Tuanan Orangutan Research Station in Central Kalimantan. We conducted 2,316 full-day focal follows on 62 habituated orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii). We found differences in total energy and macronutrient intake across age-sex classes, controlling for metabolic body mass. Intake of both total energy and macronutrients varied with fruit availability, and preference of dietary items increased with their nutritional quality. Foraging-related variables, such as day journey length, travel time, and feeding time, also varied among age-sex classes and with fruit availability. Our results add to the growing body of literature suggesting that great variation in foraging strategies exists among species, populations, and age-sex classes and in response to periods of resource scarcity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin R Vogel
- Department of Anthropology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey.,The Center for Human Evolutionary Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey.,Graduate Program in Ecology and Evolution, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Shauhin E Alavi
- Department of Anthropology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey.,The Center for Human Evolutionary Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | | | | | - Timothy D Bransford
- Department of Anthropology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey.,The Center for Human Evolutionary Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Wendy M Erb
- Department of Anthropology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey.,The Center for Human Evolutionary Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Astri Zulfa
- Falkutas Biologi, Universitas Nasional Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Wartika Rosa Farida
- Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Cibinong-Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Jessica M Rothman
- Department of Anthropology, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, New York
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16
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Carisch L, Müller DWH, Hatt JM, Bingaman Lackey L, Rensch EE, Clauss M, Zerbe P. Seasonal mortality in zoo ruminants. Zoo Biol 2016; 36:74-86. [DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lea Carisch
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | | | - Jean-Michel Hatt
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | | | - E. Eberhard Rensch
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Marcus Clauss
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Philipp Zerbe
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
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17
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Phylogenetic and ecological factors impact the gut microbiota of two Neotropical primate species. Oecologia 2015; 180:717-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-015-3507-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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18
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Wright E, Grueter CC, Seiler N, Abavandimwe D, Stoinski TS, Ortmann S, Robbins MM. Energetic responses to variation in food availability in the two mountain gorilla populations (Gorilla beringei beringei). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2015; 158:487-500. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward Wright
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology; Leipzig 04103 Germany
| | - Cyril C. Grueter
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia,Crawley; Perth WA 6009 Australia
| | - Nicole Seiler
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology; Leipzig 04103 Germany
| | - Didier Abavandimwe
- Karisoke Research Center, The Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund International; Musanze, North Province Rwanda
| | - Tara S. Stoinski
- The Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund International; Atlanta GA 30315 USA
| | - Sylvia Ortmann
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research; Berlin Germany
| | - Martha M. Robbins
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology; Leipzig 04103 Germany
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19
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Amato KR, Leigh SR, Kent A, Mackie RI, Yeoman CJ, Stumpf RM, Wilson BA, Nelson KE, White BA, Garber PA. The gut microbiota appears to compensate for seasonal diet variation in the wild black howler monkey (Alouatta pigra). MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2015; 69:434-43. [PMID: 25524570 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-014-0554-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
For most mammals, including nonhuman primates, diet composition varies temporally in response to differences in food availability. Because diet influences gut microbiota composition, it is likely that the gut microbiota of wild mammals varies in response to seasonal changes in feeding patterns. Such variation may affect host digestive efficiency and, ultimately, host nutrition. In this study, we investigate the temporal variation in diet and gut microbiota composition and function in two groups (N = 13 individuals) of wild Mexican black howler monkeys (Alouatta pigra) over a 10-month period in Palenque National Park, Mexico. Temporal changes in the relative abundances of individual bacterial taxa were strongly correlated with changes in host diet. For example, the relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae was highest during periods when energy intake was lowest, and the relative abundance of Butyricicoccus was highest when young leaves and unripe fruit accounted for 68 % of the diet. Additionally, the howlers exhibited increased microbial production of energy during periods of reduced energy intake from food sources. Because we observed few changes in howler activity and ranging patterns during the course of our study, we propose that shifts in the composition and activity of the gut microbiota provided additional energy and nutrients to compensate for changes in diet. Energy and nutrient production by the gut microbiota appears to provide an effective buffer against seasonal fluctuations in energy and nutrient intake for these primates and is likely to have a similar function in other mammal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R Amato
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA,
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20
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Melin AD, Young HC, Mosdossy KN, Fedigan LM. Seasonality, extractive foraging and the evolution of primate sensorimotor intelligence. J Hum Evol 2014; 71:77-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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21
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22
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Etiendem DN, Tagg N. Feeding Ecology of Cross River Gorillas (Gorilla gorilla diehli) at Mawambi Hills: The Influence of Resource Seasonality. INT J PRIMATOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-013-9739-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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23
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Irwin MT, Raharison JL, Raubenheimer D, Chapman CA, Rothman JM. Nutritional correlates of the “lean season”: Effects of seasonality and frugivory on the nutritional ecology of diademed sifakas. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2013; 153:78-91. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell T. Irwin
- Department of Anthropology; Northern Illinois University; DeKalb IL 60115
| | - Jean-Luc Raharison
- Department of Animal Biology; University of Antananarivo; BP 906 101 Antananarivo Madagascar
| | - David Raubenheimer
- Charles Perkins Centre Faculty of Veterinary Science and School of Biological Sciences; The University of Sydney; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Colin A. Chapman
- Department of Anthropology and McGill School of Environment; McGill University; Montreal QC Canada
- Wildlife Conservation Society; 2300 Southern Boulevard Bronx NY
| | - Jessica M. Rothman
- Department of Anthropology Hunter College; City University of New York; New York NY
- New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology; New York NY
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24
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Gogarten JF, Grine FE. Seasonal mortality patterns in primates: implications for the interpretation of dental microwear. Evol Anthropol 2013; 22:9-19. [PMID: 23436645 DOI: 10.1002/evan.21338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The microscopic traces of use wear on teeth have been extensively studied to provide information that will assist in elucidating the dietary habits of extinct hominin species. It has been amply documented that dental microwear provides information pertaining to diet for living animals, where there is a strong and consistent association between dental microwear patterns and different types of foods that are chewed. The details of occlusal surface wear patterns are capable of distinguishing among diets when the constituent food items differ in their fracture properties. For example, the microwear traces left on the teeth of mammals that crush hard, brittle foods such as nuts are generally dominated by pits, whereas traces left on the teeth of mammals that shear tough items such as leaves tend to be characterized by scratches. These microwear features result from and thus record actual chewing events. As such, microwear patterns are expected to be variably ephemeral, as individual features are worn away and replaced or overprinted by others as the tooth wears down in subsequent bouts of mastication. Indeed, it has been demonstrated, both in the laboratory and the wild, that short-term dietary variation can result in the turnover of microwear. Because occlusal microwear potentially reflects an individual's diet for a short time (days, weeks, or months, depending on the nature of the foods being masticated), tooth surfaces sampled at different times will display differences that relate to temporal (for example, seasonal) differences in diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan F Gogarten
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec.
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25
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26
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Wasserman MD, Chapman CA, Milton K, Gogarten JF, Wittwer DJ, Ziegler TE. Estrogenic plant consumption predicts red colobus monkey (Procolobus rufomitratus) hormonal state and behavior. Horm Behav 2012; 62:553-62. [PMID: 23010620 PMCID: PMC3513326 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2012.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2012] [Revised: 09/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have examined the effects of anthropogenic endocrine disrupting compounds; however, very little is known about the effects of naturally occurring plant-produced estrogenic compounds (i.e., phytoestrogens) on vertebrates. To examine the seasonal pattern of phytoestrogen consumption and its relationship to hormone levels (407 fecal samples analyzed for estradiol and cortisol) and social behavior (aggression, mating, and grooming) in a primate, we conducted an 11-month field study of red colobus (Procolobus rufomitratus) in Kibale National Park, Uganda. The percent of diet from estrogenic plants averaged 10.7% (n=45 weeks; range: 0.7-32.4%). Red colobus fed more heavily on estrogenic Millettia dura young leaves during weeks of higher rainfall, and the consumption of this estrogenic item was positively correlated to both their fecal estradiol and cortisol levels. Social behaviors were related to estradiol and cortisol levels, as well as the consumption of estrogenic plants and rainfall. The more the red colobus consumed estrogenic plants the higher their rates of aggression and copulation and the lower their time spent grooming. Our results suggest that the consumption of estrogenic plants has important implications for primate health and fitness through interactions with the endocrine system and changes in hormone levels and social behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Wasserman
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, 130 Mulford Hall #3114, Berkeley, CA 94720-3114, USA
- Department of Anthropology, McGill University, 855 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC H3A 2T7, Canada
- Corresponding author: Department of Anthropology, McGill University, 855 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC H3A 2T7, Canada. Phone: +1 514 398 4400 ext. 089759, Fax: +1 514 398 7476,
| | - Colin A. Chapman
- Department of Anthropology, McGill University, 855 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC H3A 2T7, Canada
- McGill School of Environment, McGill University, 855 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC H3A 2T7, Canada
- Wildlife Conservation Society, 185th St. and Southern Blvd., Bronx, NY 10460, USA
| | - Katharine Milton
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, 130 Mulford Hall #3114, Berkeley, CA 94720-3114, USA
| | - Jan F. Gogarten
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Dr. Penfield Ave., Montreal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Dan J. Wittwer
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1220 Capitol Court Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Toni E. Ziegler
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1220 Capitol Court Madison, WI 53715, USA
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