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Wright ML, Slovarp L, Reynolds J, Roy N, Okifuji A, Sundar KM, Barkmeier-Kraemer JM. Prevalence of Anxiety as a Variable in Treatment Outcomes for Individuals With Chronic Refractory Cough. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2024; 33:476-484. [PMID: 38052060 DOI: 10.1044/2023_ajslp-23-00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Anxiety is a mental state characterized by an intense sense of tension, worry, or apprehension relative to something adverse that might happen in the future. Anxiety is a known comorbidity in cough patients, yet its prevalence among those with chronic refractory cough (CRC) is unknown. Anxiety is not typically assessed during evaluation for CRC, but treatments for CRC such as neuromodulators and behavioral cough suppression therapy (BCST) may potentially attenuate anxiety. This preliminary study investigates the potential prevalence of anxiety in CRC and its possible role in treatment outcomes. METHOD CRC patients seen in a specialty clinic at the University of Utah or the University of Montana completed the Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ) pre- and post-BCST treatment. Participants were dichotomized into positive anxiety screen (PAS) and negative anxiety screen (NAS) groups based on presence or absence of documented anxiety within electronic medical records at the University of Utah and based on a Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 score > 5 at the University of Montana. RESULTS Of the 86 total participants, 37 (43%) were in the PAS group (29 females, Mage = 56 ± 13) and 49 (57%) were in the NAS group (36 females, Mage = 64 ± 14). Eighty-nine percent of CRC participants with a PAS reported a clinically meaningful improvement in LCQ total score following treatment compared to 65% of NAS participants. Furthermore, mean pre- to posttreatment change scores on the LCQ were significantly greater within the PAS group (p = .002, Cohen's d = 0.7, indicating a moderate to large effect size). CONCLUSION This preliminary study suggests that (a) anxiety may be prevalent among those with CRC and (b) those patients who screen positive for anxiety report greater benefit from BCST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda L Wright
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Laurie Slovarp
- School of Speech, Language, Hearing and Occupation Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula
| | - Jane Reynolds
- School of Speech, Language, Hearing and Occupation Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula
| | - Nelson Roy
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Akiko Okifuji
- Division of Pain Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Krishna M Sundar
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Julie M Barkmeier-Kraemer
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
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Li Y, Zhi W, Qi B, Wang L, Hu X. Update on neurobiological mechanisms of fear: illuminating the direction of mechanism exploration and treatment development of trauma and fear-related disorders. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1216524. [PMID: 37600761 PMCID: PMC10433239 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1216524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Fear refers to an adaptive response in the face of danger, and the formed fear memory acts as a warning when the individual faces a dangerous situation again, which is of great significance to the survival of humans and animals. Excessive fear response caused by abnormal fear memory can lead to neuropsychiatric disorders. Fear memory has been studied for a long time, which is of a certain guiding effect on the treatment of fear-related disorders. With continuous technological innovations, the study of fear has gradually shifted from the level of brain regions to deeper neural (micro) circuits between brain regions and even within single brain regions, as well as molecular mechanisms. This article briefly outlines the basic knowledge of fear memory and reviews the neurobiological mechanisms of fear extinction and relapse, which aims to provide new insights for future basic research on fear emotions and new ideas for treating trauma and fear-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- College of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Weijia Zhi
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Qi
- College of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangjun Hu
- College of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
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3
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Alzoman NZ, Darwish IA. Development of a Green Microwell Spectrofluorimetric Assay with High Analytical Throughput for the Determination of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Plasma. Molecules 2023; 28:5221. [PMID: 37446883 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a new green microwell spectrofluorimetric assay (MW-SFA) with high throughput was developed and validated, for the first time, for the determination of three selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in pharmaceutical dosage forms and plasma. These SSRIs were fluoxetine (FLX), fluvoxamine (FXM), and paroxetine (PXT), which are commonly prescribed drugs for depression treatment. The MW-SFA is based on the condensation reaction of SSRIs with 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (NBD-Cl) in alkaline media to form highly fluorescent derivatives. The MW-SFA procedures were conducted in 96-microwell white opaque assay plates with a flat bottom and the fluorescence signals were measured using a microplate reader at their maximum excitation and emission wavelengths. The calibration curves were generated with good correlation coefficients (0.9992-0.9995) between the relative fluorescence intensity (RFI) and the SSRI concentrations in the range of 35-800 ng/mL. The limits of detection were in the range of 11-25 ng/mL, and the precision and accuracy were satisfactory. The proposed MW-SFA was successfully applied to the analysis of the SSRIs in their pharmaceutical dosage forms. The statistical analysis for the comparison between the MW-SFA assay results and those of pharmacopeial assays showed no significant differences between the assays in terms of their accuracy and precision. The application of the proposed MW-SFA was extended to successfully analyze SSRIs in plasma samples. The greenness of the assay was confirmed using three different metric tools. The assay was characterized with high throughput properties, enabling the sensitive simultaneous analysis of many samples in a short time. This assay is valuable for rapid routine applications in pharmaceutical quality control units and clinical laboratories for the determination of SSRIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourah Z Alzoman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim A Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Kinkhabwala CM, Yuen E, Brennan E, Cadena A, Rizk HG. Treatment Options in Mal de Débarquement Syndrome: A Scoping Review. Otol Neurotol 2023; 44:e197-e203. [PMID: 36791362 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000003832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to review current treatment options available for mal de debarquement syndrome (MdDS). DATA SOURCES Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Review guidelines, we performed systematic search queries for MdDS-related texts. Documents must have been in the English language, and the time frame was all documents up until May 23, 2022. METHODS Studies were selected if they were published in a peer-reviewed journal and if one of the primary objectives was the assessment of treatment for MdDS. The quality and validity of all documents were assessed by two independent co-investigators. Conflicts were resolved by a third investigator. RESULTS One hundred ninety-four unique references were identified and underwent review. Ninety-seven were selected for full-text review, and 32 studies were ultimately included. Data were stratified by treatment methodology for MdDS. The categories used were pharmacologic, physical therapy, and neuromodulating stimulation. CONCLUSIONS Improvement in patient-reported outcomes is reported with several treatment modalities including specific protocols of vestibular rehabilitation, neuromodulating stimulation, and pharmacologic management with several types of neurotropic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erick Yuen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
| | | | - Angel Cadena
- Department of Neurology, Charleston, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Habib G Rizk
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
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Fox LC, Scholl JL, Watt MJ, Forster GL. GABA A Receptor and Serotonin Transporter Expression Changes Dissociate Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Influence of Sex and Estrus Cycle Phase in Rats. Neuroscience 2023; 514:38-55. [PMID: 36736883 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injuries (mild TBIs) can affect both males and females, but females are more likely to report long-term psychological complications, including changes in mood and generalized anxiety. Additionally, reproductive cycle phase has been shown to affect mild TBI symptom expression within females. These variances may result from sex differences in mild TBI-induced alterations to neurotransmission in brain regions that influence mood and emotion, possibly mediated by sex steroids. The hippocampus and amygdala are implicated in stress responses and anxiety, and within these regions, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and serotonin modulate output and behavioral expression. Metabolites of progesterone can allosterically enhance GABAergic signaling, and sex steroids are suggested to regulate the expression of the serotonin transporter (SERT). To determine how mild TBI might alter GABA receptor and SERT expression in males and females, immunocytochemistry was used to quantify expression of the alpha-1 subunit of the GABAA receptor (α1-GABAA), SERT, and a neuronal marker (NeuN) in the brains of adult male and naturally-cycling female rats, both with and without mild TBI, 17 days after injury. Mild TBI altered the expression of α1-GABAA in the amygdala and hippocampus in both sexes, but the direction of change observed depended on sex and reproductive cycle phase. In contrast, mild TBI had little effect on SERT expression. However, SERT expression differed between sexes and varied with the cycle phase. These findings demonstrate that regulation of neurotransmission following mild TBI differs between males and females, with implications for behavioral outcomes and the efficacy of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Fox
- Center for Brain and Behavior Research, Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine at the University of South Dakota, 414 East Clark St, Vermillion, SD, USA.
| | - Jamie L Scholl
- Center for Brain and Behavior Research, Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine at the University of South Dakota, 414 East Clark St, Vermillion, SD, USA.
| | - Michael J Watt
- Center for Brain and Behavior Research, Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Gina L Forster
- Center for Brain and Behavior Research, Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
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Rahmani A, Chew YL. Investigating the molecular mechanisms of learning and memory using Caenorhabditis elegans. J Neurochem 2021; 159:417-451. [PMID: 34528252 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Learning is an essential biological process for survival since it facilitates behavioural plasticity in response to environmental changes. This process is mediated by a wide variety of genes, mostly expressed in the nervous system. Many studies have extensively explored the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying learning and memory. This review will focus on the advances gained through the study of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. C. elegans provides an excellent system to study learning because of its genetic tractability, in addition to its invariant, compact nervous system (~300 neurons) that is well-characterised at the structural level. Importantly, despite its compact nature, the nematode nervous system possesses a high level of conservation with mammalian systems. These features allow the study of genes within specific sensory-, inter- and motor neurons, facilitating the interrogation of signalling pathways that mediate learning via defined neural circuits. This review will detail how learning and memory can be studied in C. elegans through behavioural paradigms that target distinct sensory modalities. We will also summarise recent studies describing mechanisms through which key molecular and cellular pathways are proposed to affect associative and non-associative forms of learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aelon Rahmani
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Yee Lian Chew
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Martin EL, Strickland JC, Schlienz NJ, Munson J, Jackson H, Bonn-Miller MO, Vandrey R. Antidepressant and Anxiolytic Effects of Medicinal Cannabis Use in an Observational Trial. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:729800. [PMID: 34566726 PMCID: PMC8458732 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.729800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Anxiety and depressive disorders are highly prevalent. Patients are increasingly using medicinal cannabis products to treat these disorders, but little is known about the effects of medicinal cannabis use on symptoms of anxiety and depression. The aim of the present observational study was to assess general health in medicinal cannabis users and non-using controls with anxiety and/or depression. Methods: Participants (368 Cannabis Users; 170 Controls) completed an online survey assessing anxiety and depressive symptoms, cannabis product use, sleep, quality of life, and comorbid chronic pain. Participants that completed this baseline survey were then invited to complete additional follow-up surveys at 3-month intervals. Baseline differences between Cannabis Users and Controls were assessed using independent-samples t-tests and generalized linear mixed effects models were used to assess the impact of initiating cannabis product use, sustained use, or discontinuation of use on anxiety and depressive symptoms at follow-up. Results: Medicinal cannabis use was associated with lower self-reported depression, but not anxiety, at baseline. Medicinal cannabis users also reported superior sleep, quality of life, and less pain on average. Initiation of medicinal cannabis during the follow-up period was associated with significantly decreased anxiety and depressive symptoms, an effect that was not observed in Controls that never initiated cannabis use. Conclusions: Medicinal cannabis use may reduce anxiety and depressive symptoms in clinically anxious and depressed populations. Future placebo-controlled studies are necessary to replicate these findings and to determine the route of administration, dose, and product formulation characteristics to optimize clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin L. Martin
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Justin C. Strickland
- Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Nicolas J. Schlienz
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
- Realm of Caring Foundation, Colorado Springs, CO, United States
| | - Joel Munson
- Realm of Caring Foundation, Colorado Springs, CO, United States
| | - Heather Jackson
- Realm of Caring Foundation, Colorado Springs, CO, United States
| | | | - Ryan Vandrey
- Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Pai K, Buckley NA, Isoardi KZ, Isbister GK, Becker T, Chiew AL, Cairns R, Brown JA, Chan BS. Optimising alkalinisation and its effect on QRS narrowing in tricyclic antidepressant poisoning. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2021; 88:723-733. [PMID: 34312917 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The objectives were to determine the effect of NaHCO3 and/or mechanical ventilation on the biochemical profile and serum alkalinisation in tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) poisoning and investigate the impact of effective alkalinisation therapy on the QRS interval in TCA poisoning. METHODS This was a retrospective review of TCA poisonings from three Australian toxicology units and a poisons information centre (Jan 2013 to Jan 2019). We included patients with TCA toxicity who ingested>10 mg/kg or had clinically significant toxicities consistent with TCA poisoning, and analysed patients' clinical, electrocardiogram and biochemical data. RESULTS Of 210 patients, 84 received NaHCO3 and ventilation (dual therapy), 12 NaHCO3 , 46 ventilation and 68 supportive care treatment. When compared with single/supportive groups, patients who received dual therapy had taken a significantly higher median dose of TCA (1.5 g vs1.3 g, P < .001), a longer median maximum QRS interval (124 ms, interquartile ranges [IQR] 108-138 vs106 ms, IQR 98-115, P < .001) and were more likely to have seizures (14% vs3%, P = .006) and arrhythmias (17% vs1%, P < .001). The dual therapy group demonstrated greater increases in serum pH (median 0.11, IQR 0.04-0.17) compared to the single/supportive therapy group (median 0.03, IQR -0.01-0.09, p < .001). A greater proportion of patients reached the target pH 7.45-7.55 in the dual therapy group (59%) compared to the single/supportive therapy group (10%) (P < .001). For each 100 mmol bolus of NaHCO3 given, the median increase in serum sodium was 2.5 mmol/L (IQR 1.5-4.0). QRS narrowing occurred twice as quickly in the dual therapy vs single/supportive therapy group. CONCLUSIONS A combination of NaHCO3 and mechanical ventilation was most effective in achieving serum alkalinisation and was associated with a more rapid narrowing of the QRS interval. We advise that the maximal dose of NaHCO3 should be <400 mmol (6 mmol/kg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran Pai
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicholas A Buckley
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,New South Wales Poisons Information Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Katherine Z Isoardi
- Clinical Toxicology Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Geoffrey K Isbister
- New South Wales Poisons Information Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,Mater Department of Clinical Toxicology and Pharmacology, Calvary Mater Hospital, Waratah, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Therese Becker
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,New South Wales Poisons Information Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Clinical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Angela L Chiew
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,New South Wales Poisons Information Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Clinical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rose Cairns
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,New South Wales Poisons Information Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jared A Brown
- New South Wales Poisons Information Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Betty S Chan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,New South Wales Poisons Information Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Clinical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
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Acute Citalopram administration modulates anxiety in response to the context associated with a robotic stimulus in zebrafish. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 108:110172. [PMID: 33188831 PMCID: PMC8026524 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety represents one of the most urgent health challenges in Western Countries, where it is associated with major medical and societal costs. A common therapeutic approach is the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, such as Citalopram. However, this treatment of choice is characterized by incomplete efficacy and potential side effects. Preclinical research is needed to detail the mechanisms underlying therapeutic efficacy of available treatments. METHODS Zebrafish, a rapidly emerging model species, constitutes an excellent candidate for high-throughput studies in behavioral pharmacology. Here, we present a robotics-based experimental paradigm to investigate the effects of acute Citalopram administration on conditioned place aversion. We trained adult subjects in a three-partitioned tank, consisting of one central and two lateral compartments: the latter were associated either with a fear eliciting robotic stimulus or with an empty environment. Following training, we implemented an automated three-dimensional tracking system to assess the spatial association and detail individual phenotype in a stimulus-free test session. RESULTS We observed a linear dose-response profile with respect to geotaxis, with increasing Citalopram concentrations reducing the tendency to swim near the bottom of the tank. Although control subjects failed to exhibit the predicted conditioned aversion, we found preliminary evidence that Citalopram may affect sexes differentially, with male subjects showing increased conditioned aversion at low Citalopram concentration. CONCLUSIONS Experimental paradigms based on robotics and three-dimensional tracking can contribute methodological advancements in zebrafish behavioral psychopharmacology.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Whereas numerous experimental and clinical studies suggest a complex involvement of serotonin in the regulation of anxiety, it remains to be clarified if the dominating impact of this transmitter is best described as anxiety-reducing or anxiety-promoting. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of serotonin depletion on acquisition, consolidation, and expression of conditioned fear. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to foot shocks as unconditioned stimulus and assessed with respect to freezing behaviour when re-subjected to context. Serotonin depletion was achieved by administration of a serotonin synthesis inhibitor, para-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) (300 mg/kg daily × 3), (i) throughout the period from (and including) acquisition to (and including) expression, (ii) during acquisition but not expression, (iii) after acquisition only, and (iv) during expression only. RESULTS The time spent freezing was significantly reduced in animals that were serotonin-depleted during the entire period from (and including) acquisition to (and including) expression, as well as in those being serotonin-depleted during either acquisition only or expression only. In contrast, PCPA administrated immediately after acquisition, that is during memory consolidation, did not impact the expression of conditioned fear. CONCLUSION Intact serotonergic neurotransmission is important for both acquisition and expression of context-conditioned fear.
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Jones PJ, Robinaugh DR. An Answer to "So What?" Implications of Network Theory for Research and Practice. FOCUS (AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING) 2021; 19:204-210. [PMID: 34690584 PMCID: PMC8475911 DOI: 10.1176/appi.focus.20200050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Research and practice in psychiatry and clinical psychology have been guided by differing schools of thought over the years. Recently, the network theory of psychopathology has arisen as a framework for thinking about mental health. Network theory challenges three common assumptions: psychological problems are caused by disease entities that exist independently of their signs and symptoms, classification and diagnosis of psychological problems should follow a medical model, and psychological problems are caused by diseases or aberrations in the brain. Conversely, network theory embraces other assumptions that are well accepted in clinical practice (e.g., the interaction of thoughts, behaviors, and emotions, as posited in cognitive-behavioral therapies) and integrates those assumptions into a coherent framework for research and practice. In this article, the authors review developments in network theory by focusing on anxiety-related conditions, discuss future areas for change, and outline implications of network theory for research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payton J Jones
- Department of Psychology Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (Jones); Center for Anxiety and Traumatic Stress, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (Jones, Robinaugh)
| | - Donald R Robinaugh
- Department of Psychology Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (Jones); Center for Anxiety and Traumatic Stress, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (Jones, Robinaugh)
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12
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Khan A, Akram M, Thiruvengadam M, Daniyal M, Zakki SA, Munir N, Zainab R, Heydari M, Mosavat SH, Rebezov M, Shariati MA. Anti-anxiety properties of selected medicinal plants. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 23:1041-1060. [PMID: 33480339 DOI: 10.2174/1389201022666210122125131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Exploration of new drugs targeting anxiety treatment is a major concern worldwide. Medicinal plants are being used as a potential source of novel drugs for anxiety disorders. The objective of this review is to provide information about the healing outcomes of anxiety treatment with natural products. Valeriana officinalis, Citrus aurantium, Commelina benghalensis, Achyranthes aspera, Mimosa pudica, Achillea millefolium, Nymphaea alba, Leonurus cardiac, Camellia sinensis, Turnera aphrodisiaca, Crataegus oxyacantha and Piper methysticum showed promising effects on anxiety in animal models. In clinical studies, passion flower, kava, valerian, St John's wort, and ashwagandha showed the most positive results. More studies are needed for the exploration of the anti-anxiety of medicinal plants. In drugs derived from natural sources have explored many components that are playing an essential role in curing anxiety disorders and associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmatullah Khan
- Department of Eastern Medicine, University of Poonch, Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad. Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Daniyal
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Drug Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha. China
| | - Shahbaz Ahmad Zakki
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama 9300194. Japan
| | - Naveed Munir
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad. Pakistan
| | - Rida Zainab
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad. Pakistan
| | - Mojtaba Heydari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz. Iran
| | - Seyed Hamdollah Mosavat
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz. Iran
| | - Maksim Rebezov
- V.M.Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food System of Russian Academy of Science, Moscow. Russian Federation
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- K.G.Razumovsky Moscow State University of technologies and management (the First Cossack University), Moscow109004. Russian Federation
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Mahmoodkhani M, Amini M, Derafshpour L, Ghasemi M, Mehranfard N. Negative relationship between brain α 1A-AR neurotransmission and βArr2 levels in anxious adolescent rats subjected to early life stress. Exp Brain Res 2020; 238:2833-2844. [PMID: 33025031 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-020-05937-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Early-life stress is correlated with the development of anxiety-related behavior in adolescence, but underlying mechanisms remain poorly known. The α1A-adrenergic receptor (AR) is linked to mood regulation and its function is assumed to be regulated by β-arrestins (βArrs) via desensitization and downregulation. Here, we investigated correlation between changes in α1A-AR and βArr2 levels in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus of adolescent and adult male rats subjected to maternal separation (MS) and their relationship with anxiety-like behavior in adolescence. MS was performed 3 h per day from postnatal days 2-11 and anxiety-like behavior was evaluated in the elevated plus-maze and open field tests. The protein levels were examined using western blot assay. MS decreased α1A-AR expression and increased βArr2 expression in both brain regions of adolescent rats, while induced reverse changes in adulthood. MS adolescent rats demonstrated higher anxiety-type behavior and lower activity in behavioral tests than controls. Decreased α1A-AR levels in MS adolescence strongly correlated with reduced time spent in the open field central area, consistent with increased anxiety-like behavior. An anxiety-like phenotype was mimicked by acute and chronic treatment of developing rats with prazosin, an α1A-AR antagonist, suggesting α1A-AR downregulation may facilitate anxiety behavior in MS adolescent rats. Together, our results indicate a negative correlation between α1A-AR neurotransmission and βArr2 levels in both adults and anxious-adolescent rats and suggest that increased βArr2 levels may contribute to posttranslational regulation of α1A-AR and modulation of anxiety-like behavior in adolescent rats. This may provide a path to develop more effective anxiolytic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mahmoodkhani
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amini
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Leila Derafshpour
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Maedeh Ghasemi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nasrin Mehranfard
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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14
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Duval ER, Sheynin J, King AP, Phan KL, Simon NM, Martis B, Porter KE, Norman SB, Liberzon I, Rauch SAM. Neural function during emotion processing and modulation associated with treatment response in a randomized clinical trial for posttraumatic stress disorder. Depress Anxiety 2020; 37:670-681. [PMID: 32306485 PMCID: PMC8010611 DOI: 10.1002/da.23022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been associated with exaggerated threat processing and deficits in emotion modulation circuitry. It remains unknown how neural circuits are associated with response to evidence-based treatments for PTSD. METHOD We examined associations between PTSD symptoms and indicators of neural response in key emotion processing and modulation regions. Fifty-six military Veterans with PTSD were randomly assigned to one of three evidence-based treatments (prolonged exposure, sertraline, and PE plus sertraline) in a randomized clinical trial ("PROGrESS"; 2018, Contemp Clin Trials, 64, 128-138). Twenty-seven combat-exposed controls (CCs) served as a comparison group at pretreatment. Before and after PTSD treatment, functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to assess brain activation and connectivity during the validated Shifted Attention Emotion Appraisal Task (2003, J Neurosci, 23, 5627-5633; 2013, Biol Psychiatry, 73, 1045-1053). RESULTS Greater activation in emotion processing (anterior insula) and modulation (prefrontal cortex) regions and increased connectivity between attentional control (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and superior parietal cortex) and emotion processing (amygdala) regions, at pretreatment, were associated with subsequent PTSD symptom improvement. CONCLUSIONS This study is one of the first to examine task-based activation and functional connectivity in a PTSD treatment trial, and provides evidence to suggest that activation in and connectivity between emotion processing and modulation regions are important predictors of treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R. Duval
- VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan,Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jony Sheynin
- VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan,Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan,Department of Psychiatry, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas
| | - Anthony P. King
- VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan,Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - K. Luan Phan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Naomi M. Simon
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts,Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Brian Martis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan,Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Katherine E. Porter
- VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan,Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Sonya B. Norman
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California,Executive Division, National Center for PTSD, White River Junction, Vermont
| | - Israel Liberzon
- VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan,Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan,Department of Psychiatry, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas
| | - Sheila A. M. Rauch
- Mental Health Service Line, VA Atlanta Healthcare System, Decatur, Georgia,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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15
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Evaluation of Stress-related Behavioral and Biological Activity of Ocimum sanctum Extract in Rats. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-019-0365-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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16
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Carroll SL, Sykes BW, Mills PC. An online survey investigating perceived prevalence and treatment options for stereotypic behaviours in horses and undesirable behaviours associated with handling and riding. EQUINE VET EDUC 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. L. Carroll
- School of Veterinary Science University of Queensland Gatton Queensland Australia
| | - B. W. Sykes
- School of Veterinary Science University of Queensland Gatton Queensland Australia
| | - P. C. Mills
- School of Veterinary Science University of Queensland Gatton Queensland Australia
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17
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Treatment of Anxiety Disorders - The Role of Pharmacists. SERBIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/sjecr-2019-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Anxiety disorders represent the group of the most prevalent mental diseases which may have serious negative consequences for mental and social health. Anxiety is generally treated with a combination of the psychotherapeutic treatment and pharmacotherapy. Pharmacotherapy of anxiety implies the use of antidepressants, which are used as basic drugs, and an additional therapy with anxiolytics. This therapeutic approach in the treatment of anxiety disorders is accompanied by significant limitations. Adherence of anxiety patients is often insufficient due to the late onset of the effects of antidepressants, the appearance of adverse effects, the stigmatization of psychiatric patients in society and other reasons. Certain exogenous factors, such as an excessive use of coffee, smoking of marijuana, sleep disorders and personal problems, such as family problems or financial problems, can exacerbate anxiety and make it more difficult to treat it. Prolonged use of benzodiazepines, as an adjunct therapy in the treatment of anxiety, may be accompanied by the development of psycho-physical dependence. Finally, the drugs used to treat anxiety have a serious potential for the drug-drug interactions. All of these limitations may be completely or partially overcome through the active participation of Pharmacists as equal members of collaborative medical teams for the treatment of anxiety disorders.
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18
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Fischer C, Heider J, Schröder A, Taylor JE. “Help! I’m Afraid of Driving!” Review of Driving Fear and its Treatment. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10608-019-10054-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Page CE, Coutellier L. Prefrontal excitatory/inhibitory balance in stress and emotional disorders: Evidence for over-inhibition. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 105:39-51. [PMID: 31377218 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Chronic stress-induced emotional disorders like anxiety and depression involve imbalances between the excitatory glutamatergic system and the inhibitory GABAergic system in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). However, the precise nature and trajectory of excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) imbalances in these conditions is not clear, with the literature reporting glutamatergic and GABAergic findings that are at times contradictory and inconclusive. Here we propose and discuss the hypothesis that chronic stress-induced emotional dysfunction involves hypoactivity of the PFC due to increased inhibition. We will also discuss E/I imbalances in the context of sex differences. In this review, we will synthesize research about how glutamatergic and GABAergic systems are perturbed by chronic stress and in related emotional disorders like anxiety and depression and propose ideas for reconciling contradictory findings in support of the hypothesis of over-inhibition. We will also discuss evidence for how aspects of the GABAergic system such as parvalbumin (PV) cells can be targeted therapeutically for reinstating activity and plasticity in the PFC and treating stress-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe E Page
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus OH, United States
| | - Laurence Coutellier
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus OH, United States; Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, Columbus OH, United States.
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20
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The plus maze and scototaxis test are not valid behavioral assays for anxiety assessment in the South African clawed frog. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2019; 205:567-582. [DOI: 10.1007/s00359-019-01351-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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21
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King G, Baker KD, Bisby MA, Chan D, Cowan CSM, Stylianakis AA, Zimmermann KS, Richardson R. A precision medicine approach to pharmacological adjuncts to extinction: a call to broaden research. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:143-161. [PMID: 30116858 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-4999-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There is a pressing need to improve treatments for anxiety. Although exposure-based therapy is currently the gold-standard treatment, many people either do not respond to this therapy or experience a relapse of symptoms after treatment has ceased. In recent years, there have been many novel pharmacological agents identified in preclinical research that have potential as adjuncts for exposure therapy, yet very few of these are regularly integrated into clinical practice. Unfortunately, the robust effects observed in the laboratory animal often do not translate to a clinical population. In this review, we discuss how age, sex, genetics, stress, medications, diet, alcohol, and the microbiome can vary across a clinical population and yet are rarely considered in drug development. While not an exhaustive list, we have focused on these factors because they have been shown to influence an individual's vulnerability to anxiety and alter the neurotransmitter systems often targeted by pharmacological adjuncts to therapy. We argue that for potential adjuncts to be successfully translated from the lab to the clinic empirical research must be broadened to consider how individual difference factors will influence drug efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle King
- School of Psychology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Kathryn D Baker
- School of Psychology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Madelyne A Bisby
- School of Psychology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Diana Chan
- School of Psychology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Rick Richardson
- School of Psychology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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22
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Canceri JM, Brown R, Watson SR, Browne CJ. Examination of Current Treatments and Symptom Management Strategies Used by Patients With Mal De Debarquement Syndrome. Front Neurol 2018; 9:943. [PMID: 30483208 PMCID: PMC6240763 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Mal de Debarquement Syndrome (MdDS) is a neurological disorder which affects the vestibular system pathways, manifesting as a constant sensation of movement in the form of rocking, bobbing, or swaying. The mechanism of MdDS is poorly understood and there is a lack of awareness amongst medical professionals about the condition. This study aimed to examine treatments and symptom management strategies used by MdDS patients and evaluate their self-reported effectiveness. Method: Motion-Triggered and Spontaneous/Other onset MdDS patients responded to a set of comprehensive questions as a retrospective survey regarding epidemiological details, diagnostic procedures, onset, and symptom triggers, hormonal influences as well as treatments and symptom management strategies used to reduce symptoms. The Motion-Triggered questionnaire was made available through Survey Monkey and the Spontaneous/Other Onset questionnaire through Qualtrics. The link for each questionnaire was made available on online MdDS support groups and on various research websites. Descriptive statistics were used for epidemiological data and Pearson's Chi Square tests were used for comparisons between and within both subtype groups. Results: A total of 370 patients participated in the surveys, with 287 valid responses collected for the section regarding treatment and symptom management strategies. The success of the treatments and symptom management strategies did not vary between subtypes Benzodiazepines/Antidepressants were reported as being most beneficial in reducing symptoms in both groups. Conclusion: This was the first attempt to evaluate the reported success of treatments and symptom management strategies in MdDS patients by assessing the patients' perceived helpfulness. The treatments and symptom management strategies reported to be the most helpful in managing and/or reducing symptoms are proposed to be effective due to their stress-reducing capacities. We hope this study will broaden MdDS awareness and that this study will increase patient knowledge regarding treatments and symptom management strategies that other patients found helpful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine M Canceri
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rachael Brown
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shaun R Watson
- Prince of Wales Private Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Cherylea J Browne
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Translational Neuroscience Facility, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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23
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Sang K, Bao C, Xin Y, Hu S, Gao X, Wang Y, Bodner M, Zhou YD, Dong XW. Plastic change of prefrontal cortex mediates anxiety-like behaviors associated with chronic pain in neuropathic rats. Mol Pain 2018; 14:1744806918783931. [PMID: 29871537 PMCID: PMC6077894 DOI: 10.1177/1744806918783931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies show that anxiety and chronic pain are concomitant. The neural
basis for the comorbidity is unclear. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) has been
recognized as a critical area for affective disorders and chronic pain
modulation. In this study, we examined the role of the PFC in the pathogenesis
of anxiety associated with chronic pain in a rat model of neuropathic pain with
spare nerve injury (SNI). The SNI rats showed apparent anxiety-like behaviors in
both open field (OF) test and elevated-plus maze (EPM) test eight weeks after
surgery. Thus, the number of entries to the central area in the OF decreased to
45% (±5%, n = 15) of sham control (n = 17), while the overall motor activity
(i.e., total distance) was unaffected. In the EPM, the percentage of entries
into the open arms significantly (p < 0.001) decreased in SNI rats (SNI:
12.58 ± 2.7%, n = 15; sham: 30.75 ± 2.82%, n = 17), so did the time spent in the
open arms (SNI: 4.35 ± 1.45%, n = 15; Sham: 11.65 ± 2.18%, n = 17). To explore
the neural basis for the association between anxiety and chronic pain, local
field potentials (LFPs) were recorded from the medial PFC (mPFC) and ventral
hippocampus. In SNI rats, there were significantly greater increases in both
theta-frequency power in the mPFC and theta-frequency synchronization between
the mPFC and ventral hippocampus, when animals were displaying elevated
anxiety-like behaviors in avoiding anxiogenic regions in EPM and OF chamber.
Western blot analyses showed a significant elevation of serotonin transporter
expression in the anxious SNI rats. Inhibition of serotonin transporter
effectively alleviated anxiety-like behaviors following sub-chronic (15 days)
treatment with systemic citalopram (10 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneally). Moreover,
the anxiety-like behaviors in the SNI rats were also suppressed by direct mPFC
application of serotonin. Taken together, we conclude that the plasticity of
serotonin transmission in the mPFC likely contribute to the promotion of anxiety
state associated with neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangning Sang
- 1 Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (MOE&STCSM), Shanghai Changning-ECNU Mental Health Center, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaofei Bao
- 1 Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (MOE&STCSM), Shanghai Changning-ECNU Mental Health Center, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yushi Xin
- 1 Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (MOE&STCSM), Shanghai Changning-ECNU Mental Health Center, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shunan Hu
- 1 Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (MOE&STCSM), Shanghai Changning-ECNU Mental Health Center, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xian Gao
- 1 Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (MOE&STCSM), Shanghai Changning-ECNU Mental Health Center, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- 2 School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Yong-Di Zhou
- 4 Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,5 Krieger Mind/Brain Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xiao-Wei Dong
- 1 Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (MOE&STCSM), Shanghai Changning-ECNU Mental Health Center, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,6 NYU-ECNU Institute of Brain and Cognitive Science at New York University Shanghai, Shanghai, China
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24
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Regenass W, Möller M, Harvey BH. Studies into the anxiolytic actions of agomelatine in social isolation reared rats: Role of corticosterone and sex. J Psychopharmacol 2018; 32:134-145. [PMID: 29082818 DOI: 10.1177/0269881117735769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are severely disabling, while current pharmacological treatments are complicated by delayed onset, low remission rates and side-effects. Sex is also noted to contribute towards illness severity and treatment response. Agomelatine is a melatonin (MT1/MT2) agonist and serotonin (5-HT2C) antagonist purported to be anxiolytic in clinical and some pre-clinical studies. We undertook a detailed analysis of agomelatine's anxiolytic activity in a neurodevelopmental model of anxiety, the social isolation reared rat. Rats received sub-chronic treatment with vehicle or agomelatine (40 mg/kg per day intraperitoneally at 16:00 h for 16 days), with behaviour analysed in the open field test, social interaction test and elevated plus maze. The contribution of corticosterone and sex was also studied. Social isolation rearing increased locomotor activity and reduced social interaction in the social interaction test, and was anxiogenic in the elevated plus maze in males and females. Agomelatine reversed these behaviours. Male and female social isolation reared rats developed anxiety-like behaviours to a similar degree, although response to agomelatine was superior in male rats. Social isolation rearing decreased plasma corticosterone in both sexes and tended to higher levels in females, although agomelatine did not affect corticosterone in either sex. Concluding, agomelatine is anxiolytic in SIR rats, although correcting altered corticosterone could not be implicated. Sex-related differences in the response to agomelatine are evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilmie Regenass
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, North West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.,2 Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, North West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Marisa Möller
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, North West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.,2 Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, North West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Brian H Harvey
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, North West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.,2 Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, North West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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25
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Resting State Networks Mediate the Effect of Genotype by Environment Interaction on Mental Health. Neuroscience 2017; 369:139-151. [PMID: 29129791 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A number of studies have shown that the presence of short (S) allele of the serotonin transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) is associated with a higher risk for depression following exposure to stressful life events. These findings are in line with neuroimaging studies showing that 5-HTTLPR polymorphism has an effect on the connectivity among key areas involved in emotion regulation. Here using mediated moderation analysis, we show that electrophysiological manifestations of resting state networks in the alpha frequency band mediate the effect of 5-HTTLPR by stress interaction on depression/anxiety symptoms in a nonclinical sample. Specifically, at the brain level, both L-allele homozygotes and S-allele carriers are similarly responsive to stress exposure. However, these brain responses seem to act as triggers of psychopathological symptoms in S-allele carriers, but as suppressors in L-allele homozygotes. This finding implies that the interpretation of the effect of gene by environment interaction on psychopathology seems more complicated than behavioral results alone would imply. It is not just differential sensitivity to stress, but rather different ways of coping with stress, which distinguish S-allele carriers and L-allele homozygotes.
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26
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The Gain-of-Function Integrin β3 Pro33 Variant Alters the Serotonin System in the Mouse Brain. J Neurosci 2017; 37:11271-11284. [PMID: 29038237 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1482-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Engagement of integrins by the extracellular matrix initiates signaling cascades that drive a variety of cellular functions, including neuronal migration and axonal pathfinding in the brain. Multiple lines of evidence link the ITGB3 gene encoding the integrin β3 subunit with the serotonin (5-HT) system, likely via its modulation of the 5-HT transporter (SERT). The ITGB3 coding polymorphism Leu33Pro (rs5918, PlA2) produces hyperactive αvβ3 receptors that influence whole-blood 5-HT levels and may influence the risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Using a phenome-wide scan of psychiatric diagnoses, we found significant, male-specific associations between the Pro33 allele and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and ASDs. Here, we used knock-in (KI) mice expressing an Itgb3 variant that phenocopies the human Pro33 variant to elucidate the consequences of constitutively enhanced αvβ3 signaling to the 5-HT system in the brain. KI mice displayed deficits in multiple behaviors, including anxiety, repetitive, and social behaviors. Anatomical studies revealed a significant decrease in 5-HT synapses in the midbrain, accompanied by decreases in SERT activity and reduced localization of SERTs to integrin adhesion complexes in synapses of KI mice. Inhibition of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) rescued SERT function in synapses of KI mice, demonstrating that constitutive active FAK signaling downstream of the Pro32Pro33 integrin αvβ3 suppresses SERT activity. Our studies identify a complex regulation of 5-HT homeostasis and behaviors by integrin αvβ3, revealing an important role for integrins in modulating risk for neuropsychiatric disorders.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The integrin β3 Leu33Pro coding polymorphism has been associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) within a subgroup of patients with elevated blood 5-HT levels, linking integrin β3, 5-HT, and ASD risk. We capitalized on these interactions to demonstrate that the Pro33 coding variation in the murine integrin β3 recapitulates the sex-dependent neurochemical and behavioral attributes of ASD. Using state-of-the-art techniques, we show that presynaptic 5-HT function is altered in these mice, and that the localization of 5-HT transporters to specific compartments within the synapse, disrupted by the integrin β3 Pro33 mutation, is critical for appropriate reuptake of 5-HT. Our studies provide fundamental insight into the genetic network regulating 5-HT neurotransmission in the CNS that is also associated with ASD risk.
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27
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Marques BVD, Higashi CM, da S Novi DRB, Zanluqui NG, Gregório TF, Pinge-Filho P, Gerardin DCC, Pelosi GG, Moreira EG, Ceravolo GS. Intrauterine and lactation exposure to fluoxetine blunted in the offspring the aortic adaptive response induced by acute restraint stress. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 813:147-152. [PMID: 28822853 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are the most widely prescribed antidepressants to women during pregnancy. Maternal treatment with fluoxetine can expose fetuses and neonates to higher levels of serotonin that plays a role in stress response. Thus, the aim of the study was to evaluate whether maternal treatment with fluoxetine interferes with aorta reactivity of adult male offspring after acute restraint stress. Wistar rats were gavaged with fluoxetine (5mg/kg/day) or water (control) during pregnancy and lactation. The experiments were performed in adult male offspring, treated or not with reserpine (4mg/Kg, ip, 28h before the experimental protocol). Fluoxetine and control rats were submitted to a single restraint stress session (ST) for 1h. Curves to phenylephrine were performed in thoracic aorta with endothelium. Aortic nitric oxide (NOx) were evaluated by the Griess method. The aortic contraction induced by phenylephrine was similar between control and fluoxetine rats. The acute stress reduced contraction in aorta of control ST compared to control, and L-NAME equaled this response. In fluoxetine rats, ST did not change the aortic constriction. Reserpine treatment restored the vasoconstriction in control ST, but did not interfere with aortic contraction in control, fluoxetine or fluoxetine ST. The NOx concentration was higher in aortas from control ST than control rats, and reserpine reduced NOx levels of control ST. The NOx concentration was similar between fluoxetine and fluoxetine ST rats, treated or not with reserpine. In conclusion, maternal treatment with fluoxetine blunted acute restraint stress-induced NO system activation and aortic adaptation in adult offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno V D Marques
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - Carolina M Higashi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - Daniella R B da S Novi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - Nagela G Zanluqui
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - Thais F Gregório
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - Phileno Pinge-Filho
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - Daniela C C Gerardin
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - Gislaine G Pelosi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - Estefânia G Moreira
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - Graziela S Ceravolo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Parana, Brazil.
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Abtahi SH, Hashemi SM, Mahmoodi M, Nilforoush MH. Comparison of Melatonin and Sertraline Therapies on Tinnitus: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Int J Prev Med 2017; 8:61. [PMID: 28966750 PMCID: PMC5609358 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_229_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tinnitus is the perception of noise or ringing without external acoustic stimulants which affects almost 10% of general population. Many therapies have been recommended including diet modifications, herbal remedies, and chemical drugs. Most common utilized drugs for tinnitus are melatonin and antidepressants such as sertraline which have been proven in different studies. In this study, we aimed to compare the efficacy of melatonin and sertraline in treating tinnitus for the first time. METHODS In this clinical trial, 70 patients with tinnitus according to inclusion and exclusion criteria were included and randomly divided into two groups: melatonin group, taking melatonin 3 mg once daily and sertraline group taking sertraline 50 mg once daily, all treating for 3 months. Before and after treatments, every patient received Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) questionnaire and severity of tinnitus was assessed, and data analysis was performed. RESULTS Before treatments, the mean of THI score for melatonin and sertraline groups were 45.02 ± 17.67 and 44.85 ± 20.57, respectively. There was no significant difference between both groups THI score (P = 0.23). After 3 months, the mean of THI scores for melatonin and sertraline groups were 30.29 ± 19.62 and 36.96 ± 25.03, respectively which the mean of THI scores in two groups was decreased significantly (P < 0.01, for-both). In addition, indicated the significant decline in THI score of melatonin group who were under treatments with melatonin 3 mg once daily (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Here in this clinical trial, we demonstrated that both melatonin and sertraline are efficient in treating tinnitus, but the usage of melatonin 3 mg once daily is more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hamidreza Abtahi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyed Mostafa Hashemi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mahmoodi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nilforoush
- Audiology Department, Communication Disorders Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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dos Santos RG, Osório FL, Crippa JAS, C. Hallak JE. Anxiety, panic, and hopelessness during and after ritual ayahuasca intake in a woman with generalized anxiety disorder: A case report. JOURNAL OF PSYCHEDELIC STUDIES 2017. [DOI: 10.1556/2054.01.2017.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael G. dos Santos
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology – Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research & Service, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Flávia L. Osório
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology – Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - José Alexandre S. Crippa
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology – Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Jaime E. C. Hallak
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology – Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Deb A, Sambamoorthi U. Depression treatment patterns among adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and depression. Curr Med Res Opin 2017; 33:201-208. [PMID: 27733085 PMCID: PMC5340306 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2016.1248383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate rates and patterns of depression treatment among adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and depression. METHODS We used a retrospective, cross-sectional study design, pooling data from 2010 and 2012 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS). The study sample consisted of 527 individuals aged 21 years or older, diagnosed with COPD and depression. Depression treatment was grouped into three categories based on those who received: (1) neither antidepressant nor psychotherapy; (2) antidepressants only; and (3) psychotherapy combined with antidepressants (combination therapy). We conducted chi-squared tests and multinomial logistic regressions to examine factors (demographic, socio-economic characteristics, healthcare access, health status, and personal health practices) associated with depression treatment among adults with COPD and depression. KEY FINDINGS The mean age of the study sample was 55.96 years (SD = 13.36). Overall, 18.8% of the sample adults did not report any use of antidepressants or psychotherapy, 58.3% reported antidepressants use only and 23% reported using combination therapy. Females (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.02, 3.55), older adults (≥65 years: AOR = 3.69, 95% CI = 1.62, 8.41), adults with fair/poor physical health status (AOR = 3.32, 95% CI = 1.29, 8.56) and those suffering from anxiety (AOR = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.09, 3.46) were more likely to receive antidepressant treatment. Older adults (AOR =2.94, 95% CI = 1.05, 8.22), those who were never married (AOR = 3.17, 95% CI = 1.18, 8.56), suffered from anxiety (AOR =6.01, 95% CI = 3.11, 11.61) and current smokers (AOR = 2.29, 95% CI = 1.05, 4.98) were more likely to receive combination therapy. Whereas, adults who were uninsured (AOR = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.05, 0.86) and did not lacked regular physical activity (AOR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.16, 0.67) were less likely to receive combination therapy. A key limitation of our study is that we could not control for the severity of depression or COPD which may have influenced depression treatment. CONCLUSION Efforts to improve depression care among adults with co-occurring COPD and depression may need to be tailored for different subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijita Deb
- a West Virginia University School of Pharmacy, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Usha Sambamoorthi
- a West Virginia University School of Pharmacy, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center , Morgantown , WV , USA
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Nikmahzar E, Jahanshahi M, Ghaemi A, Naseri GR, Moharreri AR, Lotfinia AA. Hippocampal serotonin-2A receptor-immunoreactive neurons density increases after testosterone therapy in the gonadectomized male mice. Anat Cell Biol 2016; 49:259-272. [PMID: 28127501 PMCID: PMC5266105 DOI: 10.5115/acb.2016.49.4.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The change of steroid levels may also exert different modulatory effects on the number and class of serotonin receptors present in the plasma membrane. The effects of chronic treatment of testosterone for anxiety were examined and expression of 5-HT2A serotonergic receptor, neuron, astrocyte, and dark neuron density in the hippocampus of gonadectomized male mice was determined. Thirty-six adult male NMRI mice were randomly divided into six groups: intact-no testosterone treatment (No T), gonadectomy (GDX)-No T, GDX-Vehicle, GDX-6.25 mg/kg testosterone (T), GDX-12.5 mg/kg T, and GDX-25 mg/kg T. Anxiety-related behavior was evaluated using elevated plus maze apparatus. The animals were anesthetized after 48 hours after behavioral testing, and decapitated and micron slices were prepared for immunohistochemical as well as histopathological assessment. Subcutaneous injection of testosterone (25 mg/kg) may induce anxiogenic-like behavior in male mice. In addition, immunohistochemical data reveal reduced expression of 5-HT2A serotonergic receptor after gonadectomy in all areas of the hippocampus. However, treatment with testosterone could increase the mean number of dark neurons as well as immunoreactive neurons in CA1 and CA3 area, dose dependently. The density of 5-HT2A receptor-immunoreactive neurons may play a crucial role in the induction of anxiety like behavior. As reduction in such receptor expression have shown to significantly enhance anxiety behaviors. However, replacement of testosterone dose dependently enhances the number of 5-HT2A receptor-immunoreactive neurons and interestingly also reduced anxiety like behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emsehgol Nikmahzar
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Jahanshahi
- Department of Anatomy, Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Amir Ghaemi
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholam Reza Naseri
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Moharreri
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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Imai H, Tajika A, Chen P, Pompoli A, Furukawa TA. Psychological therapies versus pharmacological interventions for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016; 10:CD011170. [PMID: 27730622 PMCID: PMC6457876 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd011170.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Panic disorder is common and deleterious to mental well-being. Psychological therapies and pharmacological interventions are both used as treatments for panic disorder with and without agoraphobia. However, there are no up-to-date reviews on the comparative efficacy and acceptability of the two treatment modalities, and such a review is necessary for improved treatment planning for this disorder. OBJECTIVES To assess the efficacy and acceptability of psychological therapies versus pharmacological interventions for panic disorder, with or without agoraphobia, in adults. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Common Mental Disorders Group Specialised Register on 11 September 2015. This register contains reports of relevant randomised controlled trials from the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE (1950 to present), Embase (1974 to present), and PsycINFO (1967 to present). We cross-checked reference lists of relevant papers and systematic reviews. We did not apply any restrictions on date, language, or publication status. SELECTION CRITERIA We included all randomised controlled trials comparing psychological therapies with pharmacological interventions for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia as diagnosed by operationalised criteria in adults. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently extracted data and resolved any disagreements in consultation with a third review author. For dichotomous data, we calculated risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). We analysed continuous data using standardised mean differences (with 95% CI). We used the random-effects model throughout. MAIN RESULTS We included 16 studies with a total of 966 participants in the present review. Eight of the studies were conducted in Europe, four in the USA, two in the Middle East, and one in Southeast Asia.None of the studies reported long-term remission/response (long term being six months or longer from treatment commencement).There was no evidence of a difference between psychological therapies and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in terms of short-term remission (RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.62 to 1.17; 6 studies; 334 participants) or short-term response (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.51 to 1.86; 5 studies; 277 participants) (very low-quality evidence), and no evidence of a difference between psychological therapies and SSRIs in treatment acceptability as measured using dropouts for any reason (RR 1.33, 95% CI 0.80 to 2.22; 6 studies; 334 participants; low-quality evidence).There was no evidence of a difference between psychological therapies and tricyclic antidepressants in terms of short-term remission (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.62 to 1.09; 3 studies; 229 participants), short-term response (RR 0.75, 95% CI 0.51 to 1.10; 4 studies; 270 participants), or dropouts for any reason (RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.53 to 1.30; 5 studies; 430 participants) (low-quality evidence).There was no evidence of a difference between psychological therapies and other antidepressants in terms of short-term remission (RR 0.90, 95% CI 0.48 to 1.67; 3 studies; 135 participants; very low-quality evidence) and evidence that psychological therapies did not significantly increase or decrease the short-term response over other antidepressants (RR 0.96, 95% CI 0.67 to 1.37; 3 studies; 128 participants) or dropouts for any reason (RR 1.55, 95% CI 0.91 to 2.65; 3 studies; 180 participants) (low-quality evidence).There was no evidence of a difference between psychological therapies and benzodiazepines in terms of short-term remission (RR 1.08, 95% CI 0.70 to 1.65; 3 studies; 95 participants), short-term response (RR 1.58, 95% CI 0.70 to 3.58; 2 studies; 69 participants), or dropouts for any reason (RR 1.12, 95% CI 0.54 to 2.36; 3 studies; 116 participants) (very low-quality evidence).There was no evidence of a difference between psychological therapies and either antidepressant alone or antidepressants plus benzodiazepines in terms of short-term remission (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.71 to 1.05; 11 studies; 663 participants) and short-term response (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.76 to 1.18; 12 studies; 800 participants) (low-quality evidence), and there was no evidence of a difference between psychological therapies and either antidepressants alone or antidepressants plus benzodiazepines in terms of treatment acceptability as measured by dropouts for any reason (RR 1.08, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.51; 13 studies; 909 participants; very low-quality evidence). The risk of selection bias and reporting bias was largely unclear. Preplanned subgroup and sensitivity analyses limited to trials with longer-term, quality-controlled, or individual psychological therapies suggested that antidepressants might be more effective than psychological therapies for some outcomes.There were no data to contribute to a comparison between psychological therapies and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) and subsequent adverse effects. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The evidence in this review was often imprecise. The superiority of either therapy over the other is uncertain due to the low and very low quality of the evidence with regard to short-term efficacy and treatment acceptability, and no data were available regarding adverse effects.The sensitivity analysis and investigation of the sources of heterogeneity indicated three possible influential factors: quality control of psychological therapies, the length of intervention, and the individual modality of psychological therapies.Future studies should examine the long-term effects after intervention or treatment continuation and should provide information on risk of bias, especially with regard to selection and reporting biases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hissei Imai
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine/School of Public HealthDepartment of Health Promotion and Human BehaviorKyotoJapan
| | - Aran Tajika
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine/School of Public HealthDepartment of Health Promotion and Human BehaviorKyotoJapan
| | | | - Alessandro Pompoli
- Private practice, no academic affiliationsLe grotte 12MalcesineVeronaItaly37018
| | - Toshi A Furukawa
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine/School of Public HealthDepartment of Health Promotion and Human BehaviorKyotoJapan
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DeCaluwe HB, Wielebnowski NC, Howard J, Pelican KM, Ottinger MA. Characterization of multiple pathways modulating aggression in the male clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa
). Zoo Biol 2016; 35:474-486. [DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heather B. DeCaluwe
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences; University of Maryland; College Park Maryland
- Center for Species Survival; Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute; Front Royal Virginia
| | | | - JoGayle Howard
- Center for Species Survival; Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute; Front Royal Virginia
| | - Katharine M. Pelican
- Department of Veterinary Preventative Medicine; College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota; Minneapolis Minnesota
| | - Mary Ann Ottinger
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry; University of Houston; Houston Texas
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Witthauer C, Ajdacic-Gross V, Meyer AH, Vollenweider P, Waeber G, Preisig M, Lieb R. Associations of specific phobia and its subtypes with physical diseases: an adult community study. BMC Psychiatry 2016; 16:155. [PMID: 27209067 PMCID: PMC4875678 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-016-0863-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Specific phobia is the most prevalent anxiety disorder in the community and is associated with substantial impairment. Comorbidity with physical diseases is assumed and has important implications for etiology, treatment, or prevention of the comorbid conditions. However, due to methodological issues data are limited and subtypes of specific phobia have not been investigated yet. We examined the association of specific phobia and its subtypes with physical diseases in a representative community sample with physician-diagnosed physical diseases and diagnostic criteria of specific phobia. METHODS Data of the German Mental Health Survey from 4181 subjects aged 18-65 years were used. Specific phobia was diagnosed using M-CIDI/DIA-X interview; physical diseases were assessed through a self-report questionnaire and a medical interview. Logistic regression analyses adjusted for sex were calculated. RESULTS Specific phobia was associated with cardiac diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, respiratory diseases, arthritic conditions, migraine, and thyroid diseases (odds ratios between 1.49 and 2.53). Among the subtypes, different patterns of associations with physical diseases were established. The findings were partially replicated in the Swiss PsyCoLaus Study. CONCLUSIONS Our analyses show that subjects with specific phobia have an increased probability for specific physical diseases. From these analyses etiological mechanisms of specific phobia and physical disease can be deduced. As subtypes differed in their patterns of associations with physical diseases, different etiological mechanisms may play a role. The findings are highly relevant for public health in terms of prevention and therapy of the comorbid conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Witthauer
- Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vladeta Ajdacic-Gross
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland ,ZInEP, The Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Hans Meyer
- Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Vollenweider
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gerard Waeber
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martin Preisig
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Roselind Lieb
- Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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Higashi CM, Matsumoto AK, Gameiro JG, Moura KF, Higachi L, Oliveira LC, Barbosa DS, Moreira EG, Ceravolo GS. Does fish oil or folic acid prevent vascular changes in female progeny caused by maternal exposure to fluoxetine? Life Sci 2016; 152:165-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Pettersson R, Hagsäter SM, Eriksson E. Serotonin depletion eliminates sex differences with respect to context-conditioned immobility in rat. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:1513-21. [PMID: 26905688 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-016-4246-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Previous studies have shown that male rats display more anxiety-like behavior than females as assessed using the elevated plus maze and that serotonin depletion abolishes this difference by exerting an anxiolytic-like effect in males only. OBJECTIVES To compare male and female rats with respect to immobility and startle responses to sudden noise bursts after contextual fear conditioning and to explore to what extent any possible sex difference in this regard is influenced by serotonin depletion during testing (but not acquisition). RESULTS In line with previous studies, males displayed more immobility following contextual conditioning induced by previous exposure to foot shocks than females. In males but not females, the immobility response was reduced by administration of the serotonin synthesis inhibitor para-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) between shock exposure and testing, the consequence being that males and females no longer differed in this regard. Untreated males but not females displayed a negative correlation between fear-conditioned startle and immobility, suggesting that the latter behavior, when excessive, interferes with the former. In line with this assumption, the reduction in immobility following administration of PCPA in males coincided with an increase in startle that was not observed in females, hence revealing a sex difference in startle not seen in untreated controls. CONCLUSION The greater display of context-conditioned immobility in males compared with females appears to be serotonin-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Pettersson
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 431, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sven Melker Hagsäter
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 431, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elias Eriksson
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 431, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Meylan EM, Halfon O, Magistretti PJ, Cardinaux JR. The HDAC inhibitor SAHA improves depressive-like behavior of CRTC1-deficient mice: Possible relevance for treatment-resistant depression. Neuropharmacology 2016; 107:111-121. [PMID: 26970016 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Major depression is a highly complex disabling psychiatric disorder affecting millions of people worldwide. Despite the availability of several classes of antidepressants, a substantial percentage of patients are unresponsive to these medications. A better understanding of the neurobiology of depression and the mechanisms underlying antidepressant response is thus critically needed. We previously reported that mice lacking CREB-regulated transcription coactivator 1 (CRTC1) exhibit a depressive-like phenotype and a blunted antidepressant response to the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine. In this study, we similarly show that Crtc1(-/-) mice are resistant to the antidepressant effect of chronic desipramine in a behavioral despair paradigm. Supporting the blunted response to this tricyclic antidepressant, we found that desipramine does not significantly increase the expression of Bdnf and Nr4a1-3 in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of Crtc1(-/-) mice. Epigenetic regulation of neuroplasticity gene expression has been associated with depression and antidepressant response, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have been shown to have antidepressant-like properties. Here, we show that unlike conventional antidepressants, chronic systemic administration of the HDAC inhibitor SAHA partially rescues the depressive-like behavior of Crtc1(-/-) mice. This behavioral effect is accompanied by an increased expression of Bdnf, but not Nr4a1-3, in the prefrontal cortex of these mice, suggesting that this epigenetic intervention restores the expression of a subset of genes by acting downstream of CRTC1. These findings suggest that CRTC1 alterations may be associated with treatment-resistant depression, and support the interesting possibility that targeting HDACs may be a useful therapeutic strategy in antidepressant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa M Meylan
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center, University of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland; Service of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Halfon
- Service of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pierre J Magistretti
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia; Laboratory of Neuroenergetics and Cellular Dynamics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland; Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center, University of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Jean-René Cardinaux
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center, University of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland; Service of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Rosa SG, Quines CB, Stangherlin EC, Nogueira CW. Diphenyl diselenide ameliorates monosodium glutamate induced anxiety-like behavior in rats by modulating hippocampal BDNF-Akt pathway and uptake of GABA and serotonin neurotransmitters. Physiol Behav 2016; 155:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Coplan JD, Aaronson CJ, Panthangi V, Kim Y. Treating comorbid anxiety and depression: Psychosocial and pharmacological approaches. World J Psychiatry 2015; 5:366-378. [PMID: 26740928 PMCID: PMC4694550 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v5.i4.366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Comorbid anxiety with depression predicts poor outcomes with a higher percentage of treatment resistance than either disorder occurring alone. Overlap of anxiety and depression complicates diagnosis and renders treatment challenging. A vital step in treatment of such comorbidity is careful and comprehensive diagnostic assessment. We attempt to explain various psychosocial and pharmacological approaches for treatment of comorbid anxiety and depression. For the psychosocial component, we focus only on generalized anxiety disorder based on the following theoretical models: (1) “the avoidance model”; (2) “the intolerance of uncertainty model”; (3) “the meta-cognitive model”; (4) “the emotion dysregulation model”; and (5) “the acceptance based model”. For depression, the following theoretical models are explicated: (1) “the cognitive model”; (2) “the behavioral activation model”; and (3) “the interpersonal model”. Integration of these approaches is suggested. The treatment of comorbid anxiety and depression necessitates specific psychopharmacological adjustments as compared to treating either condition alone. Serotonin reuptake inhibitors are considered first-line treatment in uncomplicated depression comorbid with a spectrum of anxiety disorders. Short-acting benzodiazepines (BZDs) are an important “bridging strategy” to address an acute anxiety component. In patients with comorbid substance abuse, avoidance of BZDs is recommended and we advise using an atypical antipsychotic in lieu of BZDs. For mixed anxiety and depression comorbid with bipolar disorder, we recommend augmentation of an antidepressant with either lamotrigine or an atypical agent. Combination and augmentation therapies in the treatment of comorbid conditions vis-à-vis monotherapy may be necessary for positive outcomes. Combination therapy with tricyclic antidepressants, gabapentin and selective serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (e.g., duloxetine) are specifically useful for comorbid chronic pain syndromes. Aripiprazole, quetiapine, risperidone and other novel atypical agents may be effective as augmentations. For treatment-resistant patients, we recommend a “stacking approach” not dissimilar from treatment of hypertension In conclusion, we delineate a comprehensive approach comprising integration of various psychosocial approaches and incremental pharmacological interventions entailing bridging strategies, augmentation therapies and ultimately stacking approaches towards effectively treating comorbid anxiety and depression.
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Abstract
Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) lacks consensus regarding its definition, despite being common in clinical practice. This study was designed to identify factors contributing to TRD in patients diagnosed with a major depressive disorder. Patients were grouped into "low," "medium," and "high" treatment-resistant (TR) groups based on the number of medications that had been prescribed for their depression. We identified a number of factors linked to TRD. The high TR group was generally older, had a longer depressive episode duration, a higher number of comorbid medical and anxiety disorders, a lower education, and were less likely to be in full-time employment. They also reported less trait irritability and were more likely to view medication as being a contributor to their current depression. Some differences between non-melancholic and melancholic subsets were evident and point to the benefits in research on TRD analyzing the two diagnostic groups separately. The most striking finding was benzodiazepine use, which was significantly more common in the high TR group and within both the melancholic and non-melancholic subsets. Some potential explanations for this finding are offered.
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Gilhotra R, Goel S, Gilhotra N. Behavioral and biochemical characterization of elevated “I-maze” as animal model of anxiety. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjbas.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Current classifications of psychotropic drugs, developed in the 1960s, are based on beliefs about clinical effectiveness. This article evaluates the scientific validity of current drug terms and possible alternative classifications. METHODS A historical, conceptual, and empirical review of the psychopharmacology literature is provided. Consistency of classification is examined by 3 major categories: chemical structure, pharmacodynamic mechanism, and clinical efficacy. RESULTS Current drug terms based on clinical effectiveness are not valid scientifically, either claiming efficacy which is disproven or ignoring other areas of clinical efficacy. Hence, clinical efficacy is not a consistent and scientifically valid way of classifying psychotropic drugs. Chemical structures are also heterogeneous for drugs with similar clinical efficacy. The most consistent way to define drug classes is pharmacodynamic mechanism. Specific drug groups identified are: monoamine agonists ("antidepressants" and "stimulants"), dopamine blockers ("antipsychotics"), second messenger modifiers ("mood stabilizers), and gabaergic agonists ("anxiolytics" or "hypnotics"). CONCLUSIONS Consistent with a recent proposal of psychopharmacology organizations, this article proposes a new nomenclature based mainly on biological pharmacodynamic mechanisms. Specific terms that are scientifically valid and clinically practical are suggested. It is hoped that this new language would allow for more meaningful and accurate communication between clinicians and patients.
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Näslund J, Studer E, Pettersson R, Hagsäter M, Nilsson S, Nissbrandt H, Eriksson E. Differences in Anxiety-Like Behavior within a Batch of Wistar Rats Are Associated with Differences in Serotonergic Transmission, Enhanced by Acute SRI Administration, and Abolished By Serotonin Depletion. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 18:pyv018. [PMID: 25716782 PMCID: PMC4571633 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyv018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The anxiety-reducing effect of long-term administration of serotonin reuptake inhibitors is usually seen only in subjects with anxiety disorders, and such patients are also abnormally inclined to experience a paradoxical anxiety-enhancing effect of acute serotonin reuptake inhibition. These unique responses to serotonin reuptake inhibitors in anxiety-prone subjects suggest, as do genetic association studies, that inter-individual differences in anxiety may be associated with differences in serotonergic transmission. METHODS The one-third of the animals within a batch of Wistar rats most inclined to spend time on open arms in the elevated plus maze were compared with the one-third most inclined to avoid them with respect to indices of brain serotonergic transmission and how their behavior was influenced by serotonin-modulating drugs. RESULTS "Anxious" rats displayed higher expression of the tryptophan hydroxylase-2 gene and higher levels of the tryptophan hydroxylase-2 protein in raphe and also higher levels of serotonin in amygdala. Supporting these differences to be important for the behavioral differences, serotonin depletion obtained by the tryptophan hydroxylase-2 inhibitor p-chlorophenylalanine eliminated them by reducing anxiety in "anxious" but not "non-anxious" rats. Acute administration of a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, paroxetine, exerted an anxiety-enhancing effect in "anxious" but not "non-anxious" rats, which was eliminated by long-term pretreatment with another serotonin reuptake inhibitor, escitalopram. CONCLUSIONS Differences in an anxiogenic impact of serotonin, which is enhanced by acute serotonin reuptake inhibitor administration, may contribute to differences in anxiety-like behavior amongst Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Elias Eriksson
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden (Dr Näslund, Mr Studer, Mr Pettersson, Drs Hagsäter, Nissbrandt, and Eriksson); Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden (Dr Nilsson).
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Involvement of the serotonergic system in the anxiolytic-like effect of 2-phenylethynyl butyltellurium in mice. Behav Brain Res 2015; 277:221-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.05.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Kirsch DJ, Doerfler LA, Truong D. Mental health issues among college students: who gets referred for psychopharmacology evaluation? JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2014; 63:50-56. [PMID: 25222760 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2014.960423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe diagnostic and psychotropic medication prescription characteristics among college students referred by college counseling centers for psychopharmacologic evaluation. PARTICIPANTS Participants were 540 college students referred by 6 college counseling centers in Massachusetts between November 2005 and May 2011. METHODS Students completed self-report measures of depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation and attempts, and substance use. Information regarding DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition) diagnosis, previous history of medication prescription, and current psychotropic medication(s) prescribed by the consulting psychiatrist was obtained from medical records. RESULTS Depression, anxiety, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were the most common psychiatric problems identified in students. Half of these students had been prescribed mediation prior to evaluation. Antidepressant medication was the most frequently prescribed medication. A large proportion of students reported previous thoughts of suicide, and 12% had made at least 1 suicide attempt. CONCLUSIONS Depression, anxiety, and ADHD are common among students referred by college counseling centers for medication evaluation and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Kirsch
- a Department of Psychiatry University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester , Massachusetts
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Kitaichi Y, Inoue T, Nakagawa S, Omiya Y, Song N, An Y, Chen C, Kusumi I, Koyama T. Local infusion of citalopram into the basolateral amygdala decreased conditioned fear of rats through increasing extracellular serotonin levels. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2014; 54:216-22. [PMID: 24928686 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are widely used for the treatment of depressive disorders and anxiety disorders. The anxiolytic mechanism of SSRIs is currently unclear. To investigate the anxiolytic effects of SSRIs, we measured both freezing behavior and extracellular serotonin and dopamine levels in the basolateral amygdala when rats were given conditioned fear stress under local reverse-dialysis of citalopram, an SSRI, into the basolateral amygdala. Local administration of citalopram into the basolateral amygdala significantly decreased freezing behavior induced by conditioned fear stress, and serotonin levels were simultaneously found to be significantly higher. Furthermore, repeated conditioned fear stress under local infusion of citalopram into the basolateral amygdala induced further increases in extracellular dopamine levels. Further studies investigating the role of dopamine in the amygdala for conditioned fear stress will be necessary. These results suggest that the basolateral amygdala is one of the target areas of the anxiolytic effects of citalopram and the increases of extracellular serotonin levels in the basolateral amygdala may be related to the anxiolytic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Kitaichi
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Inoue
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Shin Nakagawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Yuki Omiya
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Ning Song
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Yan An
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Chong Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kusumi
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Koyama
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
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Abstract
A rich Haitian ethnopsychology has been described, detailing concepts of personhood, explanatory models of illness, and links between mind and body. However, little research has engaged explicitly with mental illness, and that which does focuses on the Kreyòl term fou (madness), a term that psychiatrists associate with schizophrenia and other psychoses. More work is needed to characterize potential forms of mild-to-moderate mental illness. Idioms of distress provide a promising avenue for exploring common mental disorders. Working in Haiti's Central Plateau, we aimed to identify idioms of distress that represent cultural syndromes. We used ethnographic and epidemiologic methods to explore the idiom of distress reflechi twòp (thinking too much). This syndrome is characterized by troubled rumination at the intersection of sadness, severe mental disorder, suicide, and social and structural hardship. Persons with "thinking too much" have greater scores on the Beck Depression Inventory and Beck Anxiety Inventory. "Thinking too much" is associated with 8 times greater odds of suicidal ideation. Untreated "thinking too much" is sometimes perceived to lead to psychosis. Recognizing and understanding "thinking too much" may allow early clinical recognition and interventions to reduce long-term psychosocial suffering in Haiti's Central Plateau.
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Quines CB, Rosa SG, Da Rocha JT, Gai BM, Bortolatto CF, Duarte MMMF, Nogueira CW. Monosodium glutamate, a food additive, induces depressive-like and anxiogenic-like behaviors in young rats. Life Sci 2014; 107:27-31. [PMID: 24802127 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Monosodium glutamate (MSG) has been the target of research due to its toxicological effects. AIMS We investigated the depressive- and anxiogenic-like behaviors in rats exposed to neonatal subcutaneous injection of MSG. The involvement of the serotonergic system, by measuring [(3)H] serotonin (5-HT) uptake in cerebral cortices, and the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis, by determining serum adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone levels, was also examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male and female newborn Wistar rats were divided into control and MSG groups, which received, respectively, a daily subcutaneous injection of saline (0.9%) or MSG (4 g/kg/day) from the 1st to 5th postnatal day. The behavioral tests [spontaneous locomotor activity, contextual fear conditioning, and forced swimming test (FST)] were performed from the 60th to 64th postnatal day. MSG-treated animals showed alteration in the spontaneous locomotor activity, an increase in the number of fecal pellets and the number of animal's vocalizations and urine occurrence, and a decrease in the grooming time. KEY FINDINGS The MSG exposure increased the immobility time in the FST and the freezing reaction in the contextual fear conditioning. Additionally, MSG treatment increased the [(3)H]5-HT uptake in the cerebral cortices of rats and induced a deregulation of HPA axis function (by increasing serum ACTH and corticosterone levels). SIGNIFICANCE In conclusion MSG-treated rats are more susceptible to develop anxiogenic- and depressive-like behaviors, which could be related to a dysfunction in the serotonergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline B Quines
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Suzan G Rosa
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Juliana T Da Rocha
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Bibiana M Gai
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cristiani F Bortolatto
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marta Maria M F Duarte
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cristina W Nogueira
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Muñoz-Castañeda R, Díaz D, Avila-Zarza CA, Alonso JR, Weruaga E. Sex-influence of nicotine and nitric oxide on motor coordination and anxiety-related neurophysiological responses. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2014; 231:695-706. [PMID: 24081550 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-013-3284-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Nitric oxide (NO) is a messenger synthesized in both the neuronal and glial populations by nitric oxide synthase type 1 (NOS1). Nicotine regulates NO production in a sex-dependent manner, both molecules being involved in motor function. OBJECTIVE The present study evaluates sex differences in motor coordination, general movement, and anxiety-related responses resulting from both constant and continuous nicotine treatment and the genetic depletion of NOS1 activity. METHODS Male and female mice were analyzed with the open-field and the rotarod tests. To understand the role of NO, knockout mice for NOS1 (NOS1-/-) were analyzed. Nicotine was administered continuously at a dose of 24 mg/kg/day via osmotic mini-pumps over 14 days because the behavioral effects elicited are similar to those observed with discontinuous administration. RESULTS Data analyses revealed noteworthy sex differences derived from NOS1 depletion. Control NOS1-/- males exhibited an exacerbated anxiety-related response in relation to control NOS1-/- females and control wild-type (WT) males; these differences disappeared in the nicotine-administered NOS1-/- males. Additionally, nicotine administration differentially affected the horizontal movements of NOS1-/- females with respect to WT animals. NO depletion affected male but not female motor coordination improvement along the test days. However, the drug affected female motor coordination only at the end of the administration period. CONCLUSIONS We show for the first time that NO affects motor and anxiety behaviors in a sex-dependent manner. Moreover, the behavioral effects of constant nicotine administration are dimorphic and dependent on NO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Muñoz-Castañeda
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute for Neuroscience of Castilla y León (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca, C/ Pintor Fernando Gallego 1, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
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Stewart AM, Cachat J, Gaikwad S, Robinson KS, Gebhardt M, Kalueff AV. Perspectives on experimental models of serotonin syndrome in zebrafish. Neurochem Int 2013; 62:893-902. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2013.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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