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Marcou T, Revilla TA, Křivan V. Evolutionary emergence of plant and pollinator polymorphisms in consumer-resource mutualisms. J Theor Biol 2024; 594:111911. [PMID: 39069203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2024.111911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Mutualism is considered a major driver of biodiversity, as it enables extensive codiversification in terrestrial communities. An important case is flowering plants and their pollinators, where convergent selection on plant and pollinator traits is combined with divergent selection to minimize niche overlap within each group. In this article, we study the emergence of polymorphisms in communities structured trophically: plants are the primary producers of resources required by the primary consumers, the servicing pollinators. We model natural selection on traits affecting mutualism between plants and pollinators and competition within these two trophic levels. We show that phenotypic diversification is favored by broad plant niches, suggesting that bottom-up trophic control leads to codiversification. Mutualistic generalism, i.e., tolerance to differences in plant and pollinator traits, promotes a cascade of evolutionary branching favored by bottom-up plant competition dependent on similarity and top-down mutualistic services that broaden plant niches. Our results predict a strong positive correlation between the diversity of plant and pollinator phenotypes, which previous work has partially attributed to the trophic dependence of pollinators on plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Marcou
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Tomás A Revilla
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Science, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Vlastimil Křivan
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Science, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
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2
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Herschberger JE, Ciesla L, Stieha CR, Kersch-Becker MF. Impacts of ramet density and herbivory on floral volatile emissions and seed production in Solidago altissima. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2024:e16414. [PMID: 39376035 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 10/09/2024]
Abstract
PREMISE Plants produce an array of floral olfactory and visual cues to attract pollinators, including volatile organic compounds (VOC), which mediate plant-pollinator interactions and may be influenced by herbivory and neighboring plants. Consequently, these factors may affect plant fitness by disrupting pollination. However, most evidence comes from controlled experiments, limiting our understanding of how VOCs function in natural populations. This study investigated how herbivory and conspecific ramet density influence floral VOC profile, pollination, and seed production in a naturally occurring population of Solidago altissima. METHODS We recorded leaf herbivory and ramet density surrounding one focal ramet in 1-m2 plots. We collected VOCs from the floral headspace and measured ovary fertilization as a proxy for pollination success and the number of seeds produced by the focal ramet. RESULTS Our findings revealed interactive effects between ramet density and herbivory on floral VOC emission, richness, and diversity. Specifically, at lower ramet densities, herbivory did not affect floral volatile emissions. However, in highly dense stands, herbivory suppressed floral volatile emissions. Despite these changes, floral volatiles did not affect pollination and the number of seeds in S. altissima. CONCLUSIONS Our field-based findings underscore the importance of understanding the complex responses of floral VOCs to environmental stressors and their contributions to plant reproduction within natural communities. Our results suggest that while herbivory and ramet density influence floral scent, these changes do not affect reproduction in our study. Ultimately, generalist-pollinated plants like S. altissima might not rely heavily on chemical signaling during pollination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob E Herschberger
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Lukasz Ciesla
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Christopher R Stieha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Millersville University, Millersville, PA, USA
| | - Mônica F Kersch-Becker
- Department of Entomology, Center for Chemical Ecology, and Ecology Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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3
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Bacelar E, Pinto T, Anjos R, Morais MC, Oliveira I, Vilela A, Cosme F. Impacts of Climate Change and Mitigation Strategies for Some Abiotic and Biotic Constraints Influencing Fruit Growth and Quality. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1942. [PMID: 39065469 PMCID: PMC11280748 DOI: 10.3390/plants13141942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Factors such as extreme temperatures, light radiation, and nutritional condition influence the physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes associated with fruit development and its quality. Besides abiotic stresses, biotic constraints can also affect fruit growth and quality. Moreover, there can be interactions between stressful conditions. However, it is challenging to predict and generalize the risks of climate change scenarios on seasonal patterns of growth, development, yield, and quality of fruit species because their responses are often highly complex and involve changes at multiple levels. Advancements in genetic editing technologies hold great potential for the agricultural sector, particularly in enhancing fruit crop traits. These improvements can be tailored to meet consumer preferences, which is crucial for commercial success. Canopy management and innovative training systems are also key factors that contribute to maximizing yield efficiency and improving fruit quality, which are essential for the competitiveness of orchards. Moreover, the creation of habitats that support pollinators is a critical aspect of sustainable agriculture, as they play a significant role in the production of many crops, including fruits. Incorporating these strategies allows fruit growers to adapt to changing climate conditions, which is increasingly important for the stability of food production. By investing in these areas, fruit growers can stay ahead of challenges and opportunities in the industry, ultimately leading to increased success and profitability. In this review, we aim to provide an updated overview of the current knowledge on this important topic. We also provide recommendations for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Bacelar
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-of-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, P-5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (T.P.); (R.A.); (M.C.M.); (I.O.)
| | - Teresa Pinto
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-of-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, P-5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (T.P.); (R.A.); (M.C.M.); (I.O.)
| | - Rosário Anjos
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-of-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, P-5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (T.P.); (R.A.); (M.C.M.); (I.O.)
| | - Maria Cristina Morais
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-of-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, P-5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (T.P.); (R.A.); (M.C.M.); (I.O.)
| | - Ivo Oliveira
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-of-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, P-5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (T.P.); (R.A.); (M.C.M.); (I.O.)
| | - Alice Vilela
- Chemistry Research Centre–Vila Real (CQ-VR), Department of Agronomy, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, P-5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Fernanda Cosme
- Chemistry Research Centre–Vila Real (CQ-VR), Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, P-5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
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Moldoveanu OC, Maggioni M, Dani FR. Environmental ameliorations and politics in support of pollinators. Experiences from Europe: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 362:121219. [PMID: 38838532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
At least 87% of angiosperm species require animal vectors for their reproduction, while more than two-thirds of major global food crops depend on zoogamous pollination. Pollinator insects are a wide variety of organisms that require diverse biotic and abiotic resources. Many factors have contributed to a serious decrease in the abundance of populations and diversity of pollinator species over the years. This decline is alarming, and the European Union has taken several actions aimed at counteracting it by issuing new conservation policies and standardizing the actions of member countries. In 2019, the European Green Deal was presented, aiming to restore 100% of Europe's degraded land by 2050 through financial and legislative instruments. Moreover, the Common Agricultural Policies have entailed greening measures for the conservation of habitats and beneficial species for more than 10 years. The new CAP (CAP 23-27) reinforces conservation objectives through strategic plans based on eco-schemes defined at the national level by the member countries, and some states have specifically defined eco-schemes for pollinator conservation. Here, we review the framework of EU policies, directives, and regulations, which include measures aimed at protecting pollinators in agricultural, urban, and peri-urban environments. Moreover, we reviewed the literature reporting experimental works on the environmental amelioration for pollinators, particularly those where CAP measures were implemented and evaluated, as well as studies conducted in urban areas. Among CAP measures, several experimental works have considered the sowing and management of entomophilous plants and reported results important for environmental ameliorations. Some urban, peri-urban and wasteland areas have been reported to host a considerable number of pollinators, especially wild bees, and despite the lack of specific directives, their potential to contribute to pollinator conservation could be enhanced through targeted actions, as highlighted by some studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martino Maggioni
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy; National Biodiversity Future Centre, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Dani
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy; National Biodiversity Future Centre, Palermo, Italy.
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5
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Magrach A, Montoya D. Stability in plant-pollinator communities across organizational levels: present, gaps, and future. AOB PLANTS 2024; 16:plae026. [PMID: 38840783 PMCID: PMC11151922 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plae026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Abstract. The study of ecological stability continues to fill the pages of scientific journals almost seven decades after the first ecologists initiated this line of research. The many advances in this field have focused on understanding the stability of populations, communities or functions within single guilds or trophic levels, with less research conducted across multiple trophic levels and considering the different interactions that relate species to each other. Here, we review the recent literature on the multiple dimensions of ecological stability specifically within plant-pollinator communities. We then focus on one of stability´s dimensions, temporal invariability, and adapt an existing partitioning framework that bridges invariability and synchrony measures across spatial scales and organizational levels to accommodate interactions between plants and their pollinators. Finally, we use this framework to analyse temporal invariability in plant reproductive success, partitioning it on invariability and synchrony components across plant and pollinator populations and communities, as well as their interactions, using a well-resolved dataset that encompasses data for two years. Our review of the literature points to several significant gaps in our current knowledge, with simulation studies clearly overrepresented in the literature as opposed to experimental or empirical approaches. Our quantitative approach to partitioning invariability shows similar patterns of decreasing temporal invariability across increasing organizational levels driven by asynchronous dynamics amongst populations and communities, which overall stabilize ecosystem functioning (plant reproductive success). This study represents a first step towards a better comprehension of temporal invariability in ecosystem functions defined by interactions between species and provides a blueprint for the type of spatially replicated multi-year data that needs to be collected in the future to further our understanding of ecological stability within multi-trophic communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainhoa Magrach
- Basque Centre for Climate Change (BC3), 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Daniel Montoya
- Basque Centre for Climate Change (BC3), 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
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6
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Šarūnaitė L, Arlauskienė A, Jablonskytė-Raščė D. Effect of plant edges strips on the conservation soil properties in modern farming field. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299104. [PMID: 38625970 PMCID: PMC11020931 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The European Green Deal encourages the use of non-productive activities in agriculture. One of the measures is the cultivation of melliferous floral plants at the field margins. Their influence on soil compaction and other deterioration is due to heavy machinery, its inappropriate use and frequent driving on field margins, is little studied. Plants of a high environmental value though rarely grown by farmers were selected for melliferous plant strips: perennial grass swards (PGS), perennial legume swards (PLS), annual floral plats mixture (AEP) and natural grassland swards (NGS). The experiment was installed on a clay loam and loam Cambisol with the aim to determine the effect of different plant composition strips grown at the field edges on the physical and chemical soils parameters of with different granulometric structure. It was found that the highest amounts of roots and plant residues in the soil were left after cultivating sward strips of PGS and NGS compared to the field where cereals had been intensively grown. The amounts of root and plant residues produced by plants, soil rest increase the amount of organic carbon in the soil. During the five-year period, the plants edges strips improved the properties of the field margin top and subsoil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Šarūnaitė
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Akademija, Kėdainiai District, Lithuania
| | - Aušra Arlauskienė
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Akademija, Kėdainiai District, Lithuania
| | - Danutė Jablonskytė-Raščė
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Akademija, Kėdainiai District, Lithuania
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7
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Cristóbal-Perez EJ, Barrantes G, Cascante-Marín A, Hanson P, Picado B, Gamboa-Barrantes N, Rojas-Malavasi G, Zumbado MA, Madrigal-Brenes R, Martén-Rodríguez S, Quesada M, Fuchs EJ. Elevational and seasonal patterns of plant pollinator networks in two highland tropical ecosystems in Costa Rica. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0295258. [PMID: 38206918 PMCID: PMC10783733 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Many plant species in high montane ecosystems rely on animal pollination for sexual reproduction, however, our understanding of plant-pollinator interactions in tropical montane habitats is still limited. We compared species diversity and composition of blooming plants and floral visitors, and the structure of plant-floral visitor networks between the Montane Forest and Paramo ecosystems in Costa Rica. We also studied the influence of seasonality on species composition and interaction structure. Given the severe climatic conditions experienced by organisms in habitats above treeline, we expected lower plant and insect richness, as well as less specialized and smaller pollination networks in the Paramo than in Montane Forest where climatic conditions are milder and understory plants are better protected. Accordingly, we found that blooming plants and floral visitor species richness was higher in the Montane Forest than in the Paramo, and in both ecosystems species richness of blooming plants and floral visitors was higher in the rainy season than in the dry season. Interaction networks in the Paramo were smaller and more nested, with lower levels of specialization and modularity than those in the Montane Forest, but there were no seasonal differences within either ecosystem. Beta diversity analyses indicate that differences between ecosystems are likely explained by species turnover, whereas within the Montane Forest differences between seasons are more likely explained by the rewiring of interactions. Results indicate that the decrease in species diversity with elevation affects network structure, increasing nestedness and reducing specialization and modularity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Jacob Cristóbal-Perez
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ecología Tropical, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, México
- Laboratorio Binacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica, UNAM-UCR, México, Costa Rica
| | - Gilbert Barrantes
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ecología Tropical, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- Laboratorio Binacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica, UNAM-UCR, México, Costa Rica
- Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Alfredo Cascante-Marín
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ecología Tropical, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- Laboratorio Binacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica, UNAM-UCR, México, Costa Rica
- Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Paul Hanson
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ecología Tropical, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Beatriz Picado
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ecología Tropical, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Nicole Gamboa-Barrantes
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ecología Tropical, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Geovanna Rojas-Malavasi
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ecología Tropical, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Manuel A. Zumbado
- Investigador Colaborador, Museo de Zoología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Ruth Madrigal-Brenes
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ecología Tropical, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- Laboratorio Binacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica, UNAM-UCR, México, Costa Rica
- Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Silvana Martén-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, México
- Laboratorio Binacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica, UNAM-UCR, México, Costa Rica
- Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva de Plantas, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores–Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Mauricio Quesada
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, México
- Laboratorio Binacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica, UNAM-UCR, México, Costa Rica
| | - Eric J. Fuchs
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ecología Tropical, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, México
- Laboratorio Binacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica, UNAM-UCR, México, Costa Rica
- Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
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Tarbill GL, White AM, Sollmann R. Response of pollinator taxa to fire is consistent with historic fire regimes in the Sierra Nevada and mediated through floral richness †. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10761. [PMID: 38107425 PMCID: PMC10721959 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Many fire-prone forests are experiencing wildfires that burn outside the historical range of variation in extent and severity. These fires impact pollinators and the ecosystem services they provide, but how the effects of fire are mediated by burn severity in different habitats is not well understood. We used generalized linear mixed models in a Bayesian framework to model the abundance of pollinators as a function of burn severity, habitat, and floral resources in post-fire, mid-elevation, conifer forest, and meadow in the Sierra Nevada, California. Although most species-level effects were not significant, we found highly consistent negative impacts of burn severity in meadows where pollinators were most abundant, with only hummingbirds and some butterfly families responding positively to burn severity in meadows. Moderate-severity fire tended to increase the abundance of most pollinator taxa in upland forest habitat, indicating that even in large fires that burn primarily at high- and moderate-severity patches may be associated with improved habitat conditions for pollinator species in upland forest. Nearly all pollinator taxa responded positively to floral richness but not necessarily to floral abundance. Given that much of the Sierra Nevada is predicted to burn at high severity, limiting high-severity effects in meadow and upland habitats may help conserve pollinator communities whereas low- to moderate-severity fire may be needed in both systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina L. Tarbill
- Pacific Southwest Research StationUSDA, Forest ServiceDavisCaliforniaUSA
- Wildlife, Fish, & Conservation BiologyUniversity of California, DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Angela M. White
- Pacific Southwest Research StationUSDA, Forest ServiceDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Rahel Sollmann
- Wildlife, Fish, & Conservation BiologyUniversity of California, DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Ecological DynamicsLeibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife ResearchBerlinGermany
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9
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Brzosko E, Bajguz A, Burzyńska J, Chmur M. In Which Way Do the Flower Properties of the Specialist Orchid Goodyera repens Meet the Requirements of Its Generalist Pollinators? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108602. [PMID: 37239948 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This article is the next part of a series of studies documenting the influence of flower traits on the reproductive success (RS) of orchids. Knowledge of factors influencing RS helps to understand the mechanisms and processes crucial for shaping plant-pollinator interactions. The aim of the present study was to determine the role of flower structure and nectar composition in shaping the RS of the specialist orchid Goodyea repens, which is pollinated by generalist bumblebees. We found a high level of pollinaria removal (PR) and female reproductive success (fruiting, FRS) as well as a high level of variation between populations, although in certain populations pollination efficiency was low. Floral display traits, mainly inflorescence length, influenced FRS in certain populations. Among the flower traits, only the height of flowers was correlated with FRS in one population, suggesting that the flower structure of this orchid is well adapted to pollination by bumblebees. The nectar of G. repens is diluted and dominated by hexoses. Sugars were less important in shaping RS than amino acids. At the species level, twenty proteogenic and six non-proteogenic AAs were noted, along with their differentiated amounts and participation in particular populations. We found that distinct AAs or their groups mainly shaped PR, especially when correlations were considered at the species level. Our results suggest that both the individual nectar components and the ratios between them have an impact on G. repens RS. Because different nectar components influence the RS parameters in different ways (i.e., negatively or positively), we suggest that different Bombus species play the role of main pollinators in distinct populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Brzosko
- Department of Biology and Plant Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Andrzej Bajguz
- Department of Biology and Plant Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Justyna Burzyńska
- Department of Biology and Plant Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Magdalena Chmur
- Department of Biology and Plant Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
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10
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Westreich LR, Westreich ST, Tobin PC. Native solitary bee reproductive success depends on early season precipitation and host plant richness. Oecologia 2023; 201:965-978. [PMID: 36947272 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05354-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Spring-emerging bees depend upon the synchronized bloom times of angiosperms that provide pollen and nectar for offspring. The emergence of such bees and bloom times are linked to weather but can be phenologically mismatched, which could limit bee developmental success. However, it remains unclear how such phenologically asynchrony could affect spring-emerging pollinators, and especially for those that forage over a relatively short time period. We examined the relationship between weather and host plant selection on the native spring-foraging solitary bee, Osmia lignaria, across 3 years at urban and rural sites in and around Seattle, Washington, USA. We used community science weather data to test the effects of precipitation, wind, and temperature on O. lignaria oviposition and developmental success. We also collected pollen data over two distinct foraging periods, early and late spring, and used Next-Generation Sequencing to identify plant genera from pollen. Among the weather variables, precipitation during the early foraging period adversely affected larval developmental success and adult bee emergence success, but not oviposition. Using DNA metabarcoding, we observed that increases in the number of plant genera in pollen increased adult emergence in both foraging periods, but not oviposition or larval development. We also observed that foraging bees consistently visited certain genera during each foraging period, especially Acer, Salix, and Rubus. However, pollen collected by O. lignaria over different years varied in the number of total genera visited, highlighting the importance of multi-year studies to ascertain bee foraging preferences and its link to developmental success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lila R Westreich
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, 3715 W. Stevens Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | | | - Patrick C Tobin
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, 3715 W. Stevens Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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Brzosko E, Bajguz A, Burzyńska J, Chmur M. Does Reproductive Success in Natural and Anthropogenic Populations of Generalist Epipactis helleborine Depend on Flower Morphology and Nectar Composition? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4276. [PMID: 36901705 PMCID: PMC10001846 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of our study was to determine the role of flower structure and nectar composition in shaping the reproductive success (RS) of the generalist orchid Epipactis helleborine in natural and anthropogenic populations. We supposed that the distinct character of two groups of habitats creates different conditions for plant-pollinator relationships, thus influencing reproductive success in E. helleborine populations. Both pollinaria removal (PR) and fruiting (FRS) were differentiated between the populations. On average, FRS was almost two times higher in the anthropogenic than in the natural populations. The difference between the two population groups in PR was smaller but still statistically significant. RS parameters were correlated with some floral display and flower traits. Floral display influenced RS only in three anthropogenic populations. Flower traits had a weak influence on RS (10 of the 192 cases analyzed). The more important trait in shaping RS was nectar chemistry. The nectar of E. helleborine is relatively diluted with a lower sugar concentration in the anthropogenic than in the natural populations. In the natural populations, domination of sucrose over hexoses was found, while in the anthropogenic populations, hexoses were more abundant and the participation of sugars was balanced. In some populations, sugars influenced RS. In E. helleborine nectar, 20 proteogenic and 7 non-proteogenic amino acids (AAs) were found with a clear domination of glutamic acid. We noted relationships between some AAs and RS, but distinct AAs shaped RS in different populations, and their impact was independent of their participation. Our results indicate that the flower structure and nectar composition of E. helleborine reflect its generalistic character and meet the requirements of a wide range of pollinators. Simultaneously, the differentiation of flower traits suggests a variation in pollinator assemblages in particular populations. Knowledge about the factors influencing RS in distinct habitats helps to understand the evolutionary potential of species and to understand mechanisms and processes crucial for shaping interactions between plants and pollinators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Brzosko
- Department of Biology and Plant Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
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12
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Herrmann J, Buchholz S, Theodorou P. The degree of urbanisation reduces wild bee and butterfly diversity and alters the patterns of flower-visitation in urban dry grasslands. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2702. [PMID: 36792660 PMCID: PMC9932066 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29275-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Insect-provided pollination services are increasingly threatened due to alarming declines in insect pollinator populations. One of the main threats to insect pollinators and consequently pollination is urbanisation. Here, we investigate the effects of local habitat quality (patch size, flowering plant richness, bare soil cover, vegetation structure), degree of urbanisation (impervious surfaces) and 3D connectivity on bee, hoverfly and butterfly flower visitors and plant-flower visitor networks in flower-rich urban dry grasslands. Overall, the degree of urbanisation and the quality of the local habitat influenced the flowering plant and pollinator communities. Although flowering plant abundance increased with urbanisation, bee species richness and butterfly species richness decreased with increasing impervious surfaces. Flowering plant richness and ground nesting resource availability were positively related to bee richness and local vegetation structure boosted hoverfly and butterfly visitation rates. In terms of plant-pollinator interactions, insect pollinators visited a lower proportion of the available flowering plants in more urbanised areas and network modularity and specialisation increased with patch size. Our findings show that urban dry grasslands are valuable habitats for species-rich pollinator communities and further highlight the importance of minimizing the intensity of urbanisation and the potential of local management practices to support insect biodiversity in cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Herrmann
- Department of Ecology, TU Berlin, Rothenburgstraße 12, 12165, Berlin, Germany.
- Institute for Bee Protection, Julius Kühn Institute (JKI) - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Messeweg 11/12, 38104, Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Sascha Buchholz
- Department of Ecology, TU Berlin, Rothenburgstraße 12, 12165, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Heisenbergstraße 2, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Panagiotis Theodorou
- General Zoology, Institute for Biology, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 8, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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13
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Abstract
There is growing awareness of pollinator declines worldwide. Conservation efforts have mainly focused on finding the direct causes, while paying less attention to building a systemic understanding of the fragility of these communities of pollinators. To fill this gap, we need operational measures of network resilience that integrate two different approaches in theoretical ecology. First, we should consider the range of conditions compatible with the stable coexistence of all of the species in a community. Second, we should address the rate and shape of network collapse once this safe operational space is exited. In this review, we describe this integrative approach and consider several mechanisms that may enhance the resilience of pollinator communities, chiefly rewiring the network of interactions, increasing heterogeneity, allowing variance, and enhancing coevolution. The most pressing need is to develop ways to reduce the gap between these theoretical recommendations and practical applications. This perspective shifts the emphasis from traditional approaches focusing on the equilibrium states to strategies that allow pollination networks to cope with global environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Bascompte
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Marten Scheffer
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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14
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James ARM. Inter-annual facilitation via pollinator support arises with species-specific germination rates in a model of plant-pollinator communities. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20221485. [PMID: 36629102 PMCID: PMC9832543 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.1485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Facilitation is likely important for understanding community diversity dynamics, but its myriad potential mechanisms are under-investigated. Studies of pollinator-mediated facilitation in plants, for example, are typically focused on how co-flowering species facilitate each other's pollination within a season. However, pollinator-mediated facilitation could also arise in the form of inter-annual pollination support, where co-occurring plant populations mutually facilitate each other by providing dynamic stability to support a pollinator population through time. In this work, I test this hypothesis with simulation models of annual flowering plant and bee pollinator populations to determine if and how inter-annual pollination support affects the persistence and/or stability of simulated communities. Two-species plant communities persisted at higher rates than single-species communities, and facilitation was strongest in communities with low mean germination rates and highly species-specific responses to environmental variation. Single-species communities were often more stable than their counterparts, likely because of survivorship-persistent single-species communities were necessarily more stable through time to support pollinators. This work shows that competition and facilitation can simultaneously affect plant population dynamics. It also importantly identifies key features of annual plant communities that might exhibit inter-annual pollination support- those with low germination rates and species-specific responses to variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubrie R. M. James
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
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15
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Pei C, Hovick TJ, Limb RF, Harmon JP, Geaumont BA. Invasive grass and litter accumulation constrain bee and plant diversity in altered grasslands. Glob Ecol Conserv 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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16
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Burkle LA, Zabinski CA. Mycorrhizae influence plant vegetative and floral traits and intraspecific trait variation. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2023; 110:e16099. [PMID: 36371729 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can strongly influence host plant vegetative growth, but less is known about AMF effects on other plant traits, the relative impacts of AMF on vegetative growth versus floral traits, or AMF-induced intraspecific variation in traits. METHODS In an experimental greenhouse study, we inoculated seven species of wildflowers with six species of AMF in a factorial design. We assessed how the AMF-forb combinations influenced plant survival, vegetative biomass, and floral traits and whether AMF effects on floral traits were similar in magnitude and direction to effects on vegetative biomass. For one forb species, we investigated intraspecific plant trait variation within and across AMF treatments. RESULTS AMF species varied from negative to positive in their effects on host plants. AMF often had inconsistent effects on vegetative biomass versus floral traits, and therefore, quantifying one or the other may provide a misleading representation of potential AMF effects. AMF treatments generated key variation in plant traits, especially floral traits, with potential consequences for plant-pollinator interactions. Given increased intraspecific trait variation in Linum lewisii plants across AMF species compared to uninoculated individuals or single AMF treatments, local AMF diversity and their host plant associations may scale up to influence community-wide patterns of trait variation and species interactions. CONCLUSIONS These results have implications for predicting how aboveground communities are affected by belowground communities. Including AMF effects on not just host plant biomass but also functional traits and trait variation will deepen our understanding of community structure and function, including pollination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Burkle
- Department of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Catherine A Zabinski
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
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17
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De Vitis M, Havens K, Barak RS, Egerton-Warburton L, Ernst AR, Evans M, Fant JB, Foxx AJ, Hadley K, Jabcon J, O’Shaughnessey J, Ramakrishna S, Sollenberger D, Taddeo S, Urbina-Casanova R, Woolridge C, Xu L, Zeldin J, Kramer AT. Why are some plant species missing from restorations? A diagnostic tool for temperate grassland ecosystems. FRONTIERS IN CONSERVATION SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fcosc.2022.1028295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The U.N. Decade on Ecosystem Restoration aims to accelerate actions to prevent, halt, and reverse the degradation of ecosystems, and re-establish ecosystem functioning and species diversity. The practice of ecological restoration has made great progress in recent decades, as has recognition of the importance of species diversity to maintaining the long-term stability and functioning of restored ecosystems. Restorations may also focus on specific species to fulfill needed functions, such as supporting dependent wildlife or mitigating extinction risk. Yet even in the most carefully planned and managed restoration, target species may fail to germinate, establish, or persist. To support the successful reintroduction of ecologically and culturally important plant species with an emphasis on temperate grasslands, we developed a tool to diagnose common causes of missing species, focusing on four major categories of filters, or factors: genetic, biotic, abiotic, and planning & land management. Through a review of the scientific literature, we propose a series of diagnostic tests to identify potential causes of failure to restore target species, and treatments that could improve future outcomes. This practical diagnostic tool is meant to strengthen collaboration between restoration practitioners and researchers on diagnosing and treating causes of missing species in order to effectively restore them.
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18
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Szitár K, Deák B, Halassy M, Steffen C, Batáry P. Combination of organic farming and flower strips in agricultural landscapes – A feasible method to maximise functional diversity of plant traits related to pollination. Glob Ecol Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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19
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Nakahama N, Hayamizu M, Iwasaki K, Nitta N. Management and landscape of shelterbelts contribute to butterfly and flowering plant diversity in northern Japan. Ecol Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Nakahama
- Institute of Natural and Environmental Sciences University of Hyogo Sanda City Japan
- The Museum of Nature and Human Activities, Hyogo Sanda Japan
| | - Masato Hayamizu
- Forestry Research Institute Hokkaido Research Organization Bibai Japan
| | - Kenta Iwasaki
- Doto Station, Forestry Research Institute Hokkaido Research Organization Shintoku Japan
- Center for Forest Damage and Risk Management Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute Ibaraki Japan
| | - Noritoshi Nitta
- Forestry Research Institute Hokkaido Research Organization Bibai Japan
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20
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Ballarin CS, Hachuy‐Filho L, Doria MJW, Giffu MM, Polizello DS, Oliveira PH, Lacerda‐Barbosa PA, Amorim FW. Intra‐seasonal and daily variations in nectar availability affect bee assemblage in a monodominant afforested Brazilian Cerrado. AUSTRAL ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.13218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caio S. Ballarin
- Laboratório de Ecologia da Polinização e Interações – LEPI Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP) Street Prof. Dr. Antonio Celso Wagner Zanin CEP 18618‐689 Botucatu São Paulo State Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” São Paulo São Paulo State Brazil
| | - Leandro Hachuy‐Filho
- Laboratório de Ecologia da Polinização e Interações – LEPI Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP) Street Prof. Dr. Antonio Celso Wagner Zanin CEP 18618‐689 Botucatu São Paulo State Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” São Paulo São Paulo State Brazil
| | - Maria Júlia W. Doria
- Laboratório de Ecologia da Polinização e Interações – LEPI Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP) Street Prof. Dr. Antonio Celso Wagner Zanin CEP 18618‐689 Botucatu São Paulo State Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” São Paulo São Paulo State Brazil
| | - Murilo M. Giffu
- Laboratório de Ecologia da Polinização e Interações – LEPI Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP) Street Prof. Dr. Antonio Celso Wagner Zanin CEP 18618‐689 Botucatu São Paulo State Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” São Paulo São Paulo State Brazil
| | - Diego S. Polizello
- Laboratório de Ecologia da Polinização e Interações – LEPI Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP) Street Prof. Dr. Antonio Celso Wagner Zanin CEP 18618‐689 Botucatu São Paulo State Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” São Paulo São Paulo State Brazil
| | - Pablo H. Oliveira
- Laboratório de Ecologia da Polinização e Interações – LEPI Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP) Street Prof. Dr. Antonio Celso Wagner Zanin CEP 18618‐689 Botucatu São Paulo State Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” São Paulo São Paulo State Brazil
| | - Pedro A. Lacerda‐Barbosa
- Laboratório de Ecologia da Polinização e Interações – LEPI Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP) Street Prof. Dr. Antonio Celso Wagner Zanin CEP 18618‐689 Botucatu São Paulo State Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” São Paulo São Paulo State Brazil
| | - Felipe W. Amorim
- Laboratório de Ecologia da Polinização e Interações – LEPI Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP) Street Prof. Dr. Antonio Celso Wagner Zanin CEP 18618‐689 Botucatu São Paulo State Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” São Paulo São Paulo State Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” São Paulo São Paulo State Brazil
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21
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Bain JA, Dickson RG, Gruver AM, CaraDonna PJ. Removing flowers of a generalist plant changes pollinator visitation, composition, and interaction network structure. Ecosphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Justin A. Bain
- Negaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and Action Chicago Botanic Garden Glencoe Illinois USA
- Plant Biology and Conservation Northwestern University Evanston Illinois USA
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory Crested Butte Colorado USA
| | - Rachel G. Dickson
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory Crested Butte Colorado USA
- Division of Biological Sciences University of Montana Missoula Montana USA
| | - Andrea M. Gruver
- Negaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and Action Chicago Botanic Garden Glencoe Illinois USA
- Plant Biology and Conservation Northwestern University Evanston Illinois USA
| | - Paul J. CaraDonna
- Negaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and Action Chicago Botanic Garden Glencoe Illinois USA
- Plant Biology and Conservation Northwestern University Evanston Illinois USA
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory Crested Butte Colorado USA
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22
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Leonhardt SD, Peters B, Keller A. Do amino and fatty acid profiles of pollen provisions correlate with bacterial microbiomes in the mason bee Osmia bicornis? Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20210171. [PMID: 35491605 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bee performance and well-being strongly depend on access to sufficient and appropriate resources, in particular pollen and nectar of flowers, which constitute the major basis of bee nutrition. Pollen-derived microbes appear to play an important but still little explored role in the plant pollen-bee interaction dynamics, e.g. through affecting quantities and ratios of important nutrients. To better understand how microbes in pollen collected by bees may affect larval health through nutrition, we investigated correlations between the floral, bacterial and nutritional composition of larval provisions and the gut bacterial communities of the solitary megachilid bee Osmia bicornis. Our study reveals correlations between the nutritional quality of pollen provisions and the complete bacterial community as well as individual members of both pollen provisions and bee guts. In particular pollen fatty acid profiles appear to interact with specific members of the pollen bacterial community, indicating that pollen-derived bacteria may play an important role in fatty acid provisioning. As increasing evidence suggests a strong effect of dietary fatty acids on bee performance, future work should address how the observed interactions between specific fatty acids and the bacterial community in larval provisions relate to health in O. bicornis. This article is part of the theme issue 'Natural processes influencing pollinator health: from chemistry to landscapes'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Diana Leonhardt
- Plant-Insect Interactions, TUM School of Life Science Systems, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Birte Peters
- Department for Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.,Center for Computational and Theoretical Biology, University of Würzburg, Emil Fischer Strasse, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Keller
- Cellular and Organismic Networks, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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23
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Dzekashu FF, Yusuf AA, Pirk CWW, Steffan‐Dewenter I, Lattorff HMG, Peters MK. Floral turnover and climate drive seasonal bee diversity along a tropical elevation gradient. Ecosphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fairo F. Dzekashu
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE) Nairobi Kenya
- Social Insects Research Group, Department of Zoology and Entomology University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa
| | - Abdullahi A. Yusuf
- Social Insects Research Group, Department of Zoology and Entomology University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa
| | - Christian W. W. Pirk
- Social Insects Research Group, Department of Zoology and Entomology University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa
| | - Ingolf Steffan‐Dewenter
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | | | - Marcell K. Peters
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
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24
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Fountain MT. Impacts of Wildflower Interventions on Beneficial Insects in Fruit Crops: A Review. INSECTS 2022; 13:304. [PMID: 35323602 PMCID: PMC8955123 DOI: 10.3390/insects13030304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Integrated pest management (IPM) has been practiced by the fruit industry for at least 30 years. Naturally occurring beneficial insects have been encouraged to thrive alongside introduced predatory insects. However, Conservation Biological Control (CBC) and augmented biocontrol through the release of large numbers of natural enemies is normally only widely adopted when a pest has become resistant to available conventional pesticides and control has begun to break down. In addition, the incorporation of wild pollinator management, essential to fruit production, has, in the past, not been a priority but is now increasingly recognized through integrated pest and pollinator management (IPPM). This review focuses on the impacts on pest regulation and pollination services in fruit crops through the delivery of natural enemies and pollinating insects by provisioning areas of fruiting crops with floral resources. Most of the studies in this review highlighted beneficial or benign impacts of floral resource prevision to fruit crops. However, placement in the landscape and spill-over of beneficial arthropods into the crop can be influential and limiting. This review also highlights the need for longer-term ecological studies to understand the impacts of changing arthropod communities over time and the opportunity to tailor wildflower mixes to specific crops for increased pest control and pollination benefits, ultimately impacting fruit growers bottom-line with less reliance on pesticides.
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25
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Venjakob C, Ruedenauer FA, Klein AM, Leonhardt SD. Variation in nectar quality across 34 grassland plant species. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2022; 24:134-144. [PMID: 34618397 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Floral nectar is considered the most important floral reward for attracting pollinators. It contains large amounts of carbohydrates besides variable concentrations of amino acids and thus represents an important food source for many pollinators. Its nutrient content and composition can, however, strongly vary within and between plant species. The factors driving this variation in nectar quality are still largely unclear. We investigated factors underlying interspecific variation in macronutrient composition of floral nectar in 34 different grassland plant species. Specifically, we tested for correlations between the phylogenetic relatedness and morphology of plants and the carbohydrate (C) and total amino acid (AA) composition and C:AA ratios of nectar. We found that compositions of carbohydrates and (essential) amino acids as well as C:AA ratios in nectar varied significantly within and between plant species. They showed no clear phylogenetic signal. Moreover, variation in carbohydrate composition was related to family-specific structural characteristics and combinations of morphological traits. Plants with nectar-exposing flowers, bowl- or parabolic-shaped flowers, as often found in the Apiaceae and Asteraceae, had nectar with higher proportions of hexoses, indicating a selective pressure to decelerate evaporation by increasing nectar osmolality. Our study suggests that variation in nectar nutrient composition is, among others, affected by family-specific combinations of morphological traits. However, even within species, variation in nectar quality is high. As nectar quality can strongly affect visitation patterns of pollinators and thus pollination success, this intra- and interspecific variation requires more studies to fully elucidate the underlying causes and the consequences for pollinator behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Venjakob
- Institute of Ecology, Ecosystem Functions, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany
- Agroecology, DNPW, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - F A Ruedenauer
- Plant-Insect Interactions, TUM School of Life Science Systems, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - A-M Klein
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - S D Leonhardt
- Plant-Insect Interactions, TUM School of Life Science Systems, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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26
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Cole LJ, Baddeley JA, Robertson D, Topp CF, Walker RL, Watson CA. Supporting wild pollinators in agricultural landscapes through targeted legume mixtures. AGRICULTURE, ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 323:107648. [PMID: 34980933 PMCID: PMC8591731 DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2021.107648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Insect-pollinated legumes are rich in plant-based proteins making them a vital constituent of sustainable healthy diets for people and livestock. Furthermore, they deliver or support a range of ecosystem services that underpin agricultural production and their prevalence in agricultural landscapes is likely to increase. Under typical implementation and management, the value of legumes to pollinators has, however, been questioned. Through exploring a range of legume crops, grown as monocultures and mixtures, this study aims to identify multifunctional legume cropping systems that optimise forage availability for a diversity of wild pollinators whilst delivering a wide range of agronomic and environmental benefits. This study innovatively explores legume mixtures concurrently with monocultures of the component species using replicated small-plot field trials established in two geographical locations. Observational plots assessed the richness and abundance of floral resources, and wild pollinators (i.e. bumblebees and hoverflies) throughout the peak flowering period. Densely flowering, highly profitable legumes (e.g. Trifolium incarnatum and Trifolium mixes) supported abundant and rich pollinator assemblages. The functional makeup of floral visitors was strongly influenced by flower structure and hoverflies, with their shorter proboscises, were largely constrained to legumes with shallower corolla and open weed species. Floral richness was not a key driver of pollinator assemblages; however, clear intra-specific differences were observed in flowering phenology. Combining functionally distinct legumes with respect to flower structure and phenology, will support a wider suite of pollinating insects and help stabilise the temporal availability of forage. For highly competitive legumes (e.g. Vicia faba and Vicia sativa), planting in discrete patches is recommended to reduce the risk of less competitive species failing in mixtures. Legumes can provide valuable forage for pollinators; however, they fail to meet all resource requirements. They should therefore be used in combination with agri-environmental measures targeted to promote early-season forage (e.g. hedgerows and farm woodlands), open flowers for hoverflies, saprophytic hoverfly larval resources (e.g. ditches and ponds) and nesting habitats (e.g. undisturbed field margins).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna J. Cole
- Integrated Land Management, SRUC, Auchincruive Estate, Ayr KA6 5HW, UK
| | | | - Duncan Robertson
- Integrated Land Management, SRUC, Auchincruive Estate, Ayr KA6 5HW, UK
| | - Cairistiona F.E. Topp
- Agriculture, Horticulture and Engineering Sciences, SRUC, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Robin L. Walker
- Rural Land Use, SRUC, Craibstone Estate, Aberdeen AB21 9YA, UK
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Schuberta LF, Hellwigb N, Kirmera A, Schmid-Eggerc C, Schmidta A, Diekerb P, Tischewa S. Habitat quality and surrounding landscape structures influence wild bee occurrence in perennial wildflower strips. Basic Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Liu D, Chang PHS, Power SA, Bell JNB, Manning P. Changes in plant species abundance alter the multifunctionality and functional space of heathland ecosystems. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:1238-1249. [PMID: 34346089 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Though it is well established that species composition affects ecosystem function, the way in which species combine to control overall ecosystem functioning is still debated. In experimental mesocosms, we planted three functionally distinct dry-heath species in varying proportions and measured multiple ecosystem properties related to nutrient cycling and carbon storage (hereafter functions). Overall ecosystem functioning was described as the main axes of variation in ecosystem functioning (functional space) and the proportion of ecosystem functions at high levels; for example, fast carbon and nutrient cycling (cluster-based multifunctionality). The first functional space axis, related to nitrogen availability, was driven by plant species abundance, particularly that of legumes, which strongly affected many individual functions. The second, related to total plant biomass and woodiness, was mostly driven by the abundance of dwarf shrubs. Similarly, cluster-based multifunctionality was related to the initial abundance of all species, but particularly the legume. Interactions between species also affected ecosystem multifunctionality, but these effects were smaller in magnitude. These results indicate that species interactions could play a secondary role to species abundance and identity in driving the overall ecosystem functioning of heathlands, but also that axes of variation in functional space are clearly linked to plant functional composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daijun Liu
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, Vienna, 1030, Austria
- Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, CSIC, Bellaterra, Catalonia, E-08193, Spain
| | - Pi-Hui S Chang
- Division of Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK
- Research Division III, Taiwan Research Institute on Water Resources and Agriculture (TRIWRA), 19F, No. 27-8, Section 2, Zhongzheng East Road, Tamsui District, New Taipei, 251, Taiwan
| | - Sally A Power
- Division of Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - John N B Bell
- Division of Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Peter Manning
- Division of Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Frankfurt, D-60325, Germany
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Gowton CM, Cabra-Arias C, Carrillo J. Intercropping With Peppermint Increases Ground Dwelling Insect and Pollinator Abundance and Decreases Drosophila suzukii in Fruit. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.700842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Intercropping can be used to reduce pest insects within agricultural systems, e.g., through deterring pests directly or by increasing habitat for their natural enemies. For example, plant produced volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can deter or confuse host-finding by insects through olfactory disruption. Drosophila suzukii is an invasive fruit fly of agricultural concern as it can lay its eggs in both ripening and fresh fruits and, uses olfactory cues to identify its wide range of host plants. Peppermint plants (Mentha × piperita) produce high levels of VOCs while growing and may, therefore, be suitable as an intercrop to reduce D. suzukii infestations in the field, as peppermint essential oil VOCs have previously been shown to deter D. suzukii in olfactory trials. We conducted a field intercropping experiment to evaluate the effectiveness of peppermint plants compared to traditional ryegrass/clover mixes in reducing D. suzukii oviposition in the field, and the effect of peppermint intercrops on other invertebrates. In the field, we monitored sentinel fruit baits weekly for D. suzukii infestation. Additionally, we monitored intercropping effects on the invertebrate community through weekly pitfall trap collection and through a pollinator point survey. We monitored for local, farm level presence of D. suzukii through apple cider vinegar traps within crop fields and along hedgerows and found high abundance of D. suzukii (>3,000 individuals trapped). Peppermint intercrops had fewer D. suzukii emerge from fruit baits and supported greater beneficial insect abundance (predators and pollinators) compared to ryegrass/clover. However, levels of D. suzukii were low across both intercrop types. Overall, we found that peppermint intercrops could be a potential aromatic intercrop used to reduce D. suzukii adult emergence from fruit compared to conventional ryegrass/clover mixes, however this trial should be replicated over multiple growing seasons, geographic locations, and host fruits. Furthermore, further study should determine the effects of the intercrop on the focal crop of interest.
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Baruah G. The impact of individual variation on abrupt collapses in mutualistic networks. Ecol Lett 2021; 25:26-37. [PMID: 34672068 PMCID: PMC9297894 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Individual variation is central to species involved in complex interactions with others in an ecological system. Such ecological systems could exhibit tipping points in response to changes in the environment, consequently leading to abrupt transitions to alternative, often less desirable states. However, little is known about how individual trait variation could influence the timing and occurrence of abrupt transitions. Using 101 empirical mutualistic networks, I model the eco‐evolutionary dynamics of such networks in response to gradual changes in strength of co‐evolutionary interactions. Results indicated that individual variation facilitates the timing of transition in such networks, albeit slightly. In addition, individual variation significantly increases the occurrence of large abrupt transitions. Furthermore, topological network features also positively influence the occurrence of such abrupt transitions. These findings argue for understanding tipping points using an eco‐evolutionary perspective to better forecast abrupt transitions in ecological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Baruah
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Eawag,, Kastanienbaum, CH, Switzerland.,Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, CH, Switzerland
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Fantinato E, Sonkoly J, Török P, Buffa G. Patterns of pollination interactions at the community level are related to the type and quantity of floral resources. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edy Fantinato
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics University Ca' Foscari of Venice Venice Italy
| | - Judit Sonkoly
- Department of Ecology University of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary
- MTA‐DE Lendület Functional and Restoration Ecology Research Group Debrecen Hungary
| | - Péter Török
- Department of Ecology University of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary
- MTA‐DE Lendület Functional and Restoration Ecology Research Group Debrecen Hungary
- Polish Academy of Sciences Botanical Garden ‐ Center for Biological Diversity Conservation in Powsin Warszawa Poland
| | - Gabriella Buffa
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics University Ca' Foscari of Venice Venice Italy
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Larkin M, Stanley DA. Impacts of management at a local and landscape scale on pollinators in semi‐natural grasslands. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Larkin
- Botany and Plant Science School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute National University of Ireland Galway Galway Ireland
| | - Dara A. Stanley
- Botany and Plant Science School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute National University of Ireland Galway Galway Ireland
- School of Agriculture and Food Science University College Dublin Dublin 4 Ireland
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Windsor FM, Tavella J, Rother DC, Raimundo RLG, Devoto M, Guimarães PR, Evans DM. Identifying plant mixes for multiple ecosystem service provision in agricultural systems using ecological networks. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fredric M. Windsor
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Julia Tavella
- Facultad de Agronomía Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Débora C. Rother
- Departamento de Ecologia Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Rafael L. G. Raimundo
- Departamento de Engenharia e Meio Ambiente Universidade Federal da Paraíba Joao Pessoa Brazil
| | - Mariano Devoto
- Facultad de Agronomía Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
| | | | - Darren M. Evans
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK
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Goldas CDS, Podgaiski LR, Silva CVC, Mendonça MDS. Burning for grassland pollination: Recently burned patches promote plant flowering and insect pollinators. AUSTRAL ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.13108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Camila da Silva Goldas
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Interações Departamento de Ecologia Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500 Porto Alegre RS 91540‐000 Brazil
| | - Luciana Regina Podgaiski
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Interações Departamento de Ecologia Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500 Porto Alegre RS 91540‐000 Brazil
| | - Carolina Veronese Corrêa Silva
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Interações Departamento de Ecologia Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500 Porto Alegre RS 91540‐000 Brazil
| | - Milton de Souza Mendonça
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Interações Departamento de Ecologia Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500 Porto Alegre RS 91540‐000 Brazil
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35
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Benvenuti S, Mazzoncini M. Entomogamy in wildflowers: What level of pollinator biodiversity is required? ACTA OECOLOGICA 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2021.103737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Nagano Y, Miyashita T, Taki H, Yokoi T. Diversity of co‐flowering plants at field margins potentially sustains an abundance of insects visiting buckwheat,
Fagopyrum esculentum
, in an agricultural landscape. Ecol Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Nagano
- Graduate school of Science and Technology University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - Tadashi Miyashita
- Department of Ecosystem Studies, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Hisatomo Taki
- Department of Forest Entomology Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yokoi
- Graduate school of Science and Technology University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
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Reinsch T, Loza C, Malisch CS, Vogeler I, Kluß C, Loges R, Taube F. Toward Specialized or Integrated Systems in Northwest Europe: On-Farm Eco-Efficiency of Dairy Farming in Germany. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.614348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intensive confinement (IC) systems for dairying have become widespread during the last decades. However, potential advantages of alternative systems such as full-grazing (FG) or integrated dairy/cash-crop (IFG) systems with regards to better provision of ecosystem services are widely discussed. To investigate performance and environmental impacts, we compared four prevailing dairy systems using an on-farm research study. The farm types differed in their share of pasture access and quantity of resource inputs: (i) an IC with a high import of supplements and mineral fertilizers; (ii) a semi-confinement (SC) with daytime pasture access during summer and moderate import of supplementary feeds representing the base-line scenario; (iii) a FG based on grazed seeded grass-clover swards with no purchased N-fertilizers and low quantities of supplementary feeds; and (iv) an IFG comparable to FG but based on grass-clover leys integrated in a cash-crop rotation. Results revealed highest milk productivity (16 t energy-corrected-milk (ECM) ha−1) and farm-N-balance (230 kg N ha−1) in IC; however, the highest product carbon footprint (PCF; 1.2 CO2eq kg ECM−1) and highest N-footprint (13 g N kg ECM−1) were found in the baseline system SC. The FG and IFG revealed on average similar forage dry matter yields (10 – 11 t DM ha−1) at similar crude protein and net-energy-lactation ratios per kg DM-intake compared to the IC and SC. The PCF in FG were comparable to IC (0.9 vs. 1.1 kg CO2eq kg ECM−1) but at a lower N-footprint (9 vs. 12 g N kg ECM−1). However, despite low measured N-losses in the FG system, the farm-N-surplus was exceeded by 90 kg N ha−1. A further reduction was only possible in the IFG (50 kg N ha−1) by accounting for a potential N-carry-over from N-rich plant residues to the cash-crop unit, leading to the lowest PCF (0.6 kg CO2eq kg ECM−1) for the IFG, with still moderate milk yield levels (~10,500 kg ECM ha−1). According to this bottom-up approach based on field data, improved integrated grazing systems could provide an important opportunity to increase the ecosystem services from dairy farming, operating with land use efficiencies similar to IC.
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Mola JM, Richardson LL, Spyreas G, Zaya DN, Pearse IS. Long‐term surveys support declines in early season forest plants used by bumblebees. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John M. Mola
- U.S. Geological SurveyFort Collins Science Center Fort Collins CO USA
| | | | - Greg Spyreas
- Illinois Natural History SurveyUniversity of Illinois Champaign IL USA
| | - David N. Zaya
- Illinois Natural History SurveyUniversity of Illinois Champaign IL USA
| | - Ian S. Pearse
- U.S. Geological SurveyFort Collins Science Center Fort Collins CO USA
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Westerberg L, Berglund H, Jonason D, Milberg P. Color pan traps often catch less when there are more flowers around. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:3830-3840. [PMID: 33976778 PMCID: PMC8093746 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
When assessing changes in populations of species, it is essential that the methods used to collect data have some level of precision and preferably also good accuracy. One commonly used method to collect pollinators is colour pan traps, but this method has been suggested to be biased by the abundance of surrounding flowers. The present study evaluated the relationship between pan trap catches and the frequency of flowers on small (25 m2) and large (2-6 ha) spatial scales. If pan traps work well, one should assume a positive relationship, that is, more insects caught when they have more food. However, in contrast, we found that catches in pan traps were often negatively affected by flower frequency. Among the six taxa evaluated, the negative bias was largest in Vespoidea and Lepturinae, while there was no bias in solitary Apoidea (Cetoniidae, Syrphidae and social Apoidea were intermediate). Furthermore, red flowers seemed to contribute most to the negative bias. There was also a tendency that the negative bias differed within the flight season and that it was higher when considering the large spatial scale compared to the small one. To conclude, pan trap catches may suffer from a negative bias due to surrounding flower frequency and color. The occurrence and magnitude of the negative bias were context and taxon dependent, and therefore difficult to adjust for. Thus, pan traps seem less suited to evaluate differences between sites and the effect of restoration, when gradients in flower density are large. Instead, it seems better suited to monitor population changes within sites, and when gradients are small.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Westerberg
- IFM Biology, Conservation Ecology GroupLinköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
| | | | - Dennis Jonason
- IFM Biology, Conservation Ecology GroupLinköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
| | - Per Milberg
- IFM Biology, Conservation Ecology GroupLinköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
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40
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Impacts of invasive annual grasses and their litter vary by native functional strategy. Biol Invasions 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-021-02527-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractInvasive species may act as a functional filter on native communities by differentially affecting species with different trait values. Across environments, invasive plants typically display traits associated with high resource acquisition and fast growth. Conversely, native plants, especially those in water-limited environments, tend to adopt one of two functional strategies: fast growth during high resource availability to avoid stress (resource-acquisitive), or slow growth during resource-poor conditions to tolerate stress (resource-conservative). While invasive competition can be a strong filter on these groups, many invaders also alter the structure of native communities through their accumulation of litter. How fast-growing invaders with litter shift native functional communities remains unknown. To elucidate these functional shifts, I manipulated invasive annual grasses and their litter in an annual grassland and followed the demographic rates of six native annual forb species that varied in their functional strategy. Live grass competition alone decreased per capita growth rates of resource-acquisitive natives and had no effect on resource-conservative natives. The presence of litter, however, decreased growth rates in both functional types of natives, with stronger declines in resource-acquisitive species through differential effects on seed set and germination. Invaders in this system thus create an unfavorable environment for natives through litter, limiting the capacity of both resource-acquisitive and resource-conservative native forbs to maintain high population growth. These findings suggest that grass invasions have the potential to dramatically shift the functional composition of native communities through the time-lagged effects of their litter.
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Martínez‐Núñez C, Rey PJ. Hybrid networks reveal contrasting effects of agricultural intensification on antagonistic and mutualistic motifs. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Martínez‐Núñez
- Dept. Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología Universidad de Jaén Jaén Spain
- Instituto Interuniversitario del Sistema Tierra de Andalucía Universidad de Jaén Jaén Spain
| | - Pedro J. Rey
- Dept. Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología Universidad de Jaén Jaén Spain
- Instituto Interuniversitario del Sistema Tierra de Andalucía Universidad de Jaén Jaén Spain
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Fornoff F, Staab M, Zhu CD, Klein AM. Multi-trophic communities re-establish with canopy cover and microclimate in a subtropical forest biodiversity experiment. Oecologia 2021; 196:289-301. [PMID: 33895883 PMCID: PMC8139880 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-04921-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Plant diversity affects multi-trophic communities, but in young regrowth forests, where forest insects are in the process of re-establishment, other biotic and also abiotic factors might be more important. We studied cavity-nesting bees, wasps and their natural enemies along an experimental tree diversity gradient in subtropical South-East China. We compared insect communities of experimental young forests with communities of established natural forests nearby the experiment and tested for direct and indirect effects of tree diversity, tree basal area (a proxy of tree biomass), canopy cover and microclimate on bee and wasp community composition, abundance and species richness. Finally, we tested if the trophic levels of bees, herbivore-hunting wasps, spider-hunting wasps and their natural enemies respond similarly. Forest bee and wasp community composition re-established towards communities of the natural forest with increasing tree biomass and canopy cover. These factors directly and indirectly, via microclimatic conditions, increased the abundance of bees, wasps and their natural enemies. While bee and wasp species richness increased with abundance and both were not related to tree diversity, abundance increased directly with canopy cover, mediated by tree biomass. Abundance of natural enemies increased with host (bee and wasp) abundance irrespective of their trophic position. In conclusion, although maximizing tree diversity is an important goal of reforestation and forest conservation, rapid closure of canopies is also important for re-establishing communities of forest bees, wasps and their natural enemies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Fornoff
- Chair of Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacherstraße 4, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Michael Staab
- Chair of Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacherstraße 4, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.,Ecological Networks, Technical University of Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstraße 3, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Chao-Dong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China.,College of Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Alexandra-Maria Klein
- Chair of Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacherstraße 4, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
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Braatz EY, Gezon ZJ, Rossetti K, Maynard LT, Bremer JS, Hill GM, Streifel MA, Daniels JC. Bloom evenness modulates the influence of bloom abundance on insect community structure in suburban gardens. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11132. [PMID: 33981490 PMCID: PMC8071070 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
As land use change drives global insect declines, the value of enhancing habitat in urban and suburban landscapes has become increasingly important for flower-visiting insects. In order to help identify best landscaping practices, we conducted plant surveys and insect bowl-trap surveys in 34 suburban yards for 21 months in Gainesville, FL, USA, which resulted in 274 paired days of plant and insect survey data. We assessed the impact of nearest greenspace size, distance to greenspace, yard area, plant richness, plant type, bloom abundance, bloom richness and bloom evenness on insect abundance and richness. Our samples include 34,972 insects captured, 485,827 blooms counted and 774 species of plants recorded. We found that bloom evenness had a modulating effect on bloom abundance-a more even sample of the same number of blooms would have a disproportionately greater positive impact on flower visitor richness, insect richness and insect abundance. Bloom abundance was also highly significant and positively associated with flower visitor abundance, but nearest greenspace size, distance to greenspace, plant type (native vs. non-native vs. Florida Friendly), and yard area were not found to be important factors. Plant richness was a highly significant factor, but its effect size was very small.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Y. Braatz
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Conservation Department, Disney’s Animals, Science and Environment, Lake Buena Vista, FL, USA
| | - Zachariah J. Gezon
- Conservation Department, Disney’s Animals, Science and Environment, Lake Buena Vista, FL, USA
| | - Kristin Rossetti
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Lily T. Maynard
- Conservation Department, Disney’s Animals, Science and Environment, Lake Buena Vista, FL, USA
| | - Jonathan S. Bremer
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Geena M. Hill
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Marissa A. Streifel
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jaret C. Daniels
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Bucharova A, Lampei C, Conrady M, May E, Matheja J, Meyer M, Ott D. Plant provenance affects pollinator network: Implications for ecological restoration. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bucharova
- Institute of Landscape Ecology University of Münster Münster Germany
| | - Christian Lampei
- Institute of Landscape Ecology University of Münster Münster Germany
| | - Malte Conrady
- Institute of Landscape Ecology University of Münster Münster Germany
| | - Emilia May
- Institute of Landscape Ecology University of Münster Münster Germany
| | - Janis Matheja
- Institute of Landscape Ecology University of Münster Münster Germany
| | - Michael Meyer
- Institute of Landscape Ecology University of Münster Münster Germany
- Centre for Biodiversity Monitoring Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig Bonn Germany
| | - David Ott
- Institute of Landscape Ecology University of Münster Münster Germany
- Centre for Biodiversity Monitoring Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig Bonn Germany
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Machado ACP, Barônio GJ, de Oliveira FF, Garcia CT, Rech AR. Does a coffee plantation host potential pollinators when it is not flowering? Bee distribution in an agricultural landscape with high biological diversity in the Brazilian Campo Rupestre. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:2345-2354. [PMID: 33006760 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural environments within agricultural landscapes have been recognized as reservoirs of biodiversity and, therefore, providers of fundamental ecosystem services to human beings. Bees are the main providers of pollination and thus contribute to the production of food consumed worldwide. In this work, we evaluated the distribution of bees in an agricultural landscape of coffee plantation before and after coffee flowering. We aimed at understanding how richness, abundance and composition of bee communities vary among the different vegetation types within and around the coffee crops. RESULTS A total of 638 bees were collected - 312 in the dry season and 326 in the rainy season - totaling 85 species. The sampling methods collected different species, which provided complementary sampling. Only Euglossa leucotricha and Eulaema nigrita were recurrent in both seasons and vegetation types. There was no temporal difference in richness or abundance; however, both varied in relation to the vegetation type and were higher in the coffee-native transition area. Diverging from richness or abundance, the composition of the communities differed regarding season and vegetation types. CONCLUSION We reinforce the importance of maintaining native vegetation in areas surrounding coffee plantations since the crop poorly hosts pollinators when it is not flowering. Natural and semi-natural areas may act as reservoirs of floral visitors, thus maintaining potential cross-pollination services available to coffee production. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Pereira Machado
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Gudryan Jackson Barônio
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Florestal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Favízia Freitas de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Bionomia, Biogeografia e Sistemática de Insetos (BIOSIS), Instituto de Biologia da Universidade Federal da Bahia (IBIO-UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Caroline Tito Garcia
- Laboratório de Bionomia, Biogeografia e Sistemática de Insetos (BIOSIS), Instituto de Biologia da Universidade Federal da Bahia (IBIO-UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
| | - André Rodrigo Rech
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Florestal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
- Faculdade Interdisciplinar em Humanidades, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
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How Are the Flower Structure and Nectar Composition of the Generalistic Orchid Neottia ovata Adapted to a Wide Range of Pollinators? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042214. [PMID: 33672302 PMCID: PMC7926835 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-pollinator interactions significantly influence reproductive success (RS) and drive the evolution of pollination syndromes. In the context of RS, mainly the role of flower morphology is touched. The importance of nectar properties is less studied, despite its significance in pollination effectiveness. Therefore, the aim of this study was to test selection on flower morphology and nectar chemistry in the generalistic orchid Neottia ovata. In 2019–2020, we measured three floral displays and six flower traits, pollinaria removal (PR), female reproductive success (FRS), and determined the soil properties. The sugars and amino acids (AAs) were analyzed using the HPLC method. Data were analyzed using multiple statistical methods (boxplots, ternary plot, one-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis test, and PCA). Variation of flower structure and nectar chemistry and their weak correlation with RS confirms the generalistic character of N. ovata. In particular populations, different traits were under selection. PR was high and similar in all populations in both years, while FRS was lower and varied among populations. Nectar was dominated by glucose, fructose, and included 28 AAs (Ala and Glu have the highest content). Sugars and AAs influenced mainly FRS. Among soil parameters, carbon and carbon:nitrogen ratio seems to be the most important in shaping flower structure and nectar chemistry.
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Silva LB, Silva JB, Souza CS, Menck Guimarães M, Sales MF, Castro CC. Plant–animal interactions of understory species in an area of tropical rainforest, north‐eastern Brazil. AUSTRAL ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.13004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Barbosa Silva
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia Departamento de Biologia Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE) Recife PEBrazil
| | - Jacilene Bezerra Silva
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia Departamento de Biologia Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE) Recife PEBrazil
| | - Camila Silveira Souza
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Botânica Departamento de Botânica Campus Centro PolitécnicoUniversidade Federal do Paraná Curitiba ParanáCEP 81531‐980Brazil
| | - Murilo Menck Guimarães
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Botânica Departamento de Botânica Campus Centro PolitécnicoUniversidade Federal do Paraná Curitiba ParanáCEP 81531‐980Brazil
| | - Margareth Ferreira Sales
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia Departamento de Biologia Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE) Recife PEBrazil
| | - Cibele Cardoso Castro
- Universidade Federal do Agreste de Pernambuco/Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Garanhuns PE Brazil
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48
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Plant-pollinator networks in Australian urban bushland remnants are not structurally equivalent to those in residential gardens. Urban Ecosyst 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11252-020-01089-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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49
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Theodorou P, Herbst SC, Kahnt B, Landaverde-González P, Baltz LM, Osterman J, Paxton RJ. Urban fragmentation leads to lower floral diversity, with knock-on impacts on bee biodiversity. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21756. [PMID: 33303909 PMCID: PMC7730174 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78736-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bees and flowering plants are two closely interacting groups of organisms. Habitat loss and fragmentation associated with urbanisation are major threats to both partners. Yet how and why bee and floral richness and diversity co-vary within the urban landscape remain unclear. Here, we sampled bees and flowering plants in urban green spaces to investigate how bee and flowering plant species richness, their phylogenetic diversity and pollination-relevant functional trait diversity influence each other in response to urban fragmentation. As expected, bee abundance and richness were positively related to flowering plant richness, with bee body size (but not bee richness and diversity) increasing with nectar-holder depth of flowering plants. Causal modelling indicated that bottom-up effects dictated patterns of bee-flower relationships, with urban fragmentation diminishing flowering plants richness and thereby indirectly reducing bee species richness and abundance. The close relationship between bees and flowering plants highlights the risks of their parallel declines in response to land-use change within the urban landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Theodorou
- General Zoology, Institute for Biology, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 8, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Sarah-Christine Herbst
- General Zoology, Institute for Biology, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 8, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Belinda Kahnt
- General Zoology, Institute for Biology, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 8, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Patricia Landaverde-González
- General Zoology, Institute for Biology, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 8, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Unidad para el Conocimiento, Uso y Valoración de la Biodiversidad, Centro de Estudios Conservacionistas-CECON-, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Avenida La Reforma 0-63 zona 10, 01010, Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - Lucie M Baltz
- General Zoology, Institute for Biology, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 8, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Julia Osterman
- General Zoology, Institute for Biology, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 8, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ Leipzig, ESCALATE, Department of Computational Landscape Ecology, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Robert J Paxton
- General Zoology, Institute for Biology, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 8, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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50
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Livingstone SW, Isaac ME, Cadotte MW. Invasive dominance and resident diversity: unpacking the impact of plant invasion on biodiversity and ecosystem function. ECOL MONOGR 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart W. Livingstone
- Department of Physical & Environmental Sciences University of Toronto Scarborough Toronto OntarioM1C 1A4Canada
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto Toronto OntarioM5S 3B2Canada
| | - Marney E. Isaac
- Department of Physical & Environmental Sciences University of Toronto Scarborough Toronto OntarioM1C 1A4Canada
| | - Marc W. Cadotte
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto Toronto OntarioM5S 3B2Canada
- Department of Biology University of Toronto Scarborough Toronto OntarioM1C 1A4Canada
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