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da Costa Lopes L, Ribeiro da Silva Vallim J, Tufik S, Louzada F, D'Almeida V. Associations between real-life light exposure patterns and sleep behaviour in adolescents. J Sleep Res 2024:e14315. [PMID: 39257229 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.14315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
One of the most striking changes in the regulation of sleep-wake behaviour during adolescence is circadian phase delay. Light exposure synchronises circadian rhythms, impacting sleep regulation, however, the influence of real-life light exposure on sleep variations remains less clear. We aimed to describe the sleep and light exposure patterns of high school students with comparable schedules and socio-economic backgrounds, and to evaluate whether there was any association between them, considering chronotype. We analysed five school days and two free days of actigraphy records, from 35 adolescents (24 female, mean age: 16.23 ± 0.60). The sample was described using the Sleep Regularity Index (SRI), chronotype (actigraphy MSFsc), and self-reported diurnal preference (Morning/Evening Scale). Regression models were constructed to assess the impact of light exposure (daytime and nighttime) on subsequent sleep episodes; and to confirm whether the associations could be an indirect consequence of chronotype. Despite following similar routines, the SRI varied considerably (48.25 to 88.28). There was compatibility between the actigraphy proxy for chronotype and the self-reported diurnal preference, extracted using the circadian rhythm scale for adolescents. Less light exposure during the day was associated with later sleep onset and shorter sleep duration. An increase of 100 lux in average daytime light exposure advance of 8.08 minutes in sleep onset and 7.16 min in sleep offset. When the regressions were controlled for chronotype, these associations persisted. These findings facilitate discussions regarding the behavioural aspect of the impact of real-life light exposure on sleep and its potential as a target for interventions aiming to enhance adolescents' sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luísa da Costa Lopes
- Department of Psychobiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Sergio Tufik
- Department of Psychobiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Sleep Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Louzada
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Vânia D'Almeida
- Department of Psychobiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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2
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Reiter RJ, Sharma RN, Manucha W, Rosales-Corral S, Almieda Chuffa LGD, Loh D, Luchetti F, Balduini W, Govitrapong P. Dysfunctional mitochondria in age-related neurodegeneration: Utility of melatonin as an antioxidant treatment. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 101:102480. [PMID: 39236857 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 08/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria functionally degrade as neurons age. Degenerative changes cause inefficient oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and elevated electron leakage from the electron transport chain (ETC) promoting increased intramitochondrial generation of damaging reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species (ROS and RNS). The associated progressive accumulation of molecular damage causes an increasingly rapid decline in mitochondrial physiology contributing to aging. Melatonin, a multifunctional free radical scavenger and indirect antioxidant, is synthesized in the mitochondrial matrix of neurons. Melatonin reduces electron leakage from the ETC and elevates ATP production; it also detoxifies ROS/RNS and via the SIRT3/FOXO pathway it upregulates activities of superoxide dismutase 2 and glutathione peroxidase. Melatonin also influences glucose processing by neurons. In neurogenerative diseases, neurons often adopt Warburg-type metabolism which excludes pyruvate from the mitochondria causing reduced intramitochondrial acetyl coenzyme A production. Acetyl coenzyme A supports the citric acid cycle and OXPHOS. Additionally, acetyl coenzyme A is a required co-substrate for arylalkylamine-N-acetyl transferase, which rate limits melatonin synthesis; therefore, melatonin production is diminished in cells that experience Warburg-type metabolism making mitochondria more vulnerable to oxidative stress. Moreover, endogenously produced melatonin diminishes during aging, further increasing oxidative damage to mitochondrial components. More normal mitochondrial physiology is preserved in aging neurons with melatonin supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Ramaswamy N Sharma
- Applied Biomedical Sciences, University of the Incarnate Word, School of Osteopathic Medicine, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Walter Manucha
- Instituto de Medicina y Biologia Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnologicas (CONICET), Mendoza 5500, Argentina.
| | - Sergio Rosales-Corral
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Mexico.
| | - Luiz Gustavo de Almieda Chuffa
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Setor de Anatomia - Instituto de Biociências, IBB/UNESP, Campus Botucatu, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Doris Loh
- Independent Researcher, Marble Falls, TX, USA.
| | - Francesca Luchetti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy.
| | - Walter Balduini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy.
| | - Piyarat Govitrapong
- Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Laksi, Bangkok, Thailand.
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3
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Tonon AC, Nexha A, Mendonça da Silva M, Gomes FA, Hidalgo MP, Frey BN. Sleep and circadian disruption in bipolar disorders: From psychopathology to digital phenotyping in clinical practice. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024. [PMID: 39210713 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Sleep and biological rhythms are integral to mood regulation across the lifespan, particularly in bipolar disorder (BD), where alterations in sleep phase, structure, and duration occur in all mood states. These disruptions are linked to poorer quality of life, heightened suicide risk, impaired cognitive function, and increased relapse rates. This review highlights the pathophysiology of sleep disturbances in BD and aims to consolidate understanding and clinical applications of these phenomena. It also summarizes the evolution of sleep and biological rhythms assessment methods, including ecological momentary assessment (EMA) and digital phenotyping. It underscores the importance of recognizing circadian rhythm involvement in mood regulation, suggesting potential therapeutic targets. Future research directions include elucidating circadian clock gene mechanisms, understanding environmental impacts on circadian rhythms, and investigating the bidirectional relationship between sleep disturbances and mood regulation in BD. Standardizing assessment methods and addressing privacy concerns related to EMA technology and digital phenotyping are essential for advancing research. Collaborative efforts are crucial for enhancing clinical applicability and understanding the broader implications of biological rhythms in BD diagnosis and treatment. Overall, recognizing the significance of sleep and biological rhythms in BD offers promise for improved outcomes through targeted interventions and a deeper understanding of the disorder's underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- André C Tonon
- Mood Disorders Program and Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adile Nexha
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mariana Mendonça da Silva
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono, Porto Alegre Clinicas Hospital, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fabiano A Gomes
- Mood Disorders Program and Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria Paz Hidalgo
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono, Porto Alegre Clinicas Hospital, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Benicio N Frey
- Mood Disorders Program and Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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4
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Lanza G, Mogavero MP, Salemi M, Ferri R. The Triad of Sleep, Immunity, and Cancer: A Mediating Perspective. Cells 2024; 13:1246. [PMID: 39120277 PMCID: PMC11311741 DOI: 10.3390/cells13151246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The triadic interplay between sleep, immunity, and cancer represents a growing area of biomedical research with significant clinical implications. This review synthesizes the current knowledge on how sleep influences immune function, the immune system's role in cancer dynamics, and the direct connections between sleep patterns and cancer risk. After a comprehensive overview of the interrelationships among these three domains, the mechanisms of sleep in immune function are described, detailing how sleep regulates the immune system, the effects of sleep duration and quality on immune responses, and the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms. Also, the complex relationship between immunity and cancer is explored, highlighting the immune system's role in cancer prevention and progression, immune surveillance, tumor microenvironment, and the implications of immunodeficiency and immune modulation on cancer risk. The direct connections between sleep and cancer are then described, presenting epidemiological evidence linking sleep patterns to cancer risk, biological mechanisms that influence cancer development, and the role of sleep disorders in cancer prognosis. The mediating role of sleep between immunity and cancer is highlighted, proposing hypothesized pathways, summarizing evidence from experimental and clinical studies, and evaluating the impact of sleep interventions on immune function and cancer outcomes. This review concludes by discussing the clinical implications and future directions, emphasizing the potential for sleep-based interventions in cancer prevention and treatment, the integration of sleep management in oncology and immunotherapy, and outlining a future research agenda. This agenda includes understanding the mechanisms of the sleep-immunity-cancer interplay, conducting epidemiological studies on sleep and cancer risk, assessing the impact of sleep management in cancer treatment protocols, exploring sleep and tumor microenvironment interactions, and considering policy and public health implications. Through a detailed examination of these interconnected pathways, this review underscores the critical importance of sleep in modulating immune function and cancer outcomes, advocating for interdisciplinary research and clinical strategies to harness this knowledge for improved health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lanza
- Oasi Research Institute—IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy; (G.L.); (M.S.)
- Department of Surgery and Medical–Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria P. Mogavero
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy;
- Division of Neuroscience, Sleep Disorders Center, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20127 Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Salemi
- Oasi Research Institute—IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy; (G.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Raffaele Ferri
- Oasi Research Institute—IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy; (G.L.); (M.S.)
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Miike T, Oniki K, Toyoura M, Tonooka S, Tajima S, Kinoshita J, Saruwatari J, Konishi Y. Disruption of Circadian Sleep/Wake Rhythms in Infants May Herald Future Development of Autism Spectrum Disorder. Clocks Sleep 2024; 6:170-182. [PMID: 38534800 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep6010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether the abnormal rhythms in infants are related to the future development of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), using a questionnaire from September to October 2016. The parents of 160 children with ASD (male, n = 123; female, n = 37) were recruited from two hospitals in K and H cities, and as a control group, 145 children (male, n = 75; female, n = 70) were recruited from four nursery schools in T city. The associations between ASD and bedtime and waking time on weekdays and weekends in infancy (<1 years of age), at 1-3 years, and at 3-5 years of ages were studied using a multivariable logistic regression analysis. In particular, at <3 years of age, the following factors were associated with an increased prevalence of ASD in the future: (1) short sleep periods (<8 h); (2) taking a long time to fall asleep (>60 min); (3) sleep beginning after 22:00; (4) a wake-up time after 08:00; and (5) frequent (>3 times) and long-term awakening periods (>60 min). The misalignment and/or shift of the circadian rhythm in infants may be one of the precursors and/or risk factors for the future development of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruhisa Miike
- Hyogo Rehabilitation Central Hospital, Children's Sleep and Development Medical Research Center, Kobe 651-2181, Japan
- Department of Child Development, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Kentaro Oniki
- Division of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Makiko Toyoura
- Hyogo Rehabilitation Central Hospital, Children's Sleep and Development Medical Research Center, Kobe 651-2181, Japan
| | - Shiro Tonooka
- Kagoshima Comprehensive Clinic for Disabled Children, Kagoshima 891-0175, Japan
| | - Seiki Tajima
- Hyogo Rehabilitation Central Hospital, Children's Sleep and Development Medical Research Center, Kobe 651-2181, Japan
| | - Jun Kinoshita
- Japanese Association of Baby Science Learners, Tokushima 770-0052, Japan
| | - Junji Saruwatari
- Division of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Yukuo Konishi
- Center for Baby Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto 619-0225, Japan
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Moreno-Cortés ML, Meza-Alvarado JE, García-Mena J, Hernández-Rodríguez A. Chronodisruption and Gut Microbiota: Triggering Glycemic Imbalance in People with Type 2 Diabetes. Nutrients 2024; 16:616. [PMID: 38474745 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The desynchronization of physiological and behavioral mechanisms influences the gut microbiota and eating behavior in mammals, as shown in both rodents and humans, leading to the development of pathologies such as Type 2 diabetes (T2D), obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Recent studies propose resynchronization as a key input controlling metabolic cycles and contributing to reducing the risk of suffering some chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity, or metabolic syndrome. In this analytical review, we present an overview of how desynchronization and its implications for the gut microbiome make people vulnerable to intestinal dysbiosis and consequent chronic diseases. In particular, we explore the eubiosis-dysbiosis phenomenon and, finally, propose some topics aimed at addressing chronotherapy as a key strategy in the prevention of chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Luisa Moreno-Cortés
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa 91190, Veracruz, Mexico
| | | | - Jaime García-Mena
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Cinvestav, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, CDMX 07360, Mexico
| | - Azucena Hernández-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa 91190, Veracruz, Mexico
- Facultad de Bioanálisis, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa 91010, Veracruz, Mexico
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7
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Nunes PP, Resende CM, Barros Silva ED, Piones Bastos DC, Ramires Filho MLM, Leocadio-Miguel MA, Pedrazzoli M, Sobreira-Neto MA, de Andrade TG, Góes Gitaí LL, Teles F. Hemodialysis-induced chronodisruption and chronotype distribution in patients with chronic kidney disease. Chronobiol Int 2024; 41:283-293. [PMID: 38311937 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2024.2306838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Changes in circadian rhythms have been observed in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and evidence suggests that these changes can have a negative impact on health. This study aimed to investigate the existence of hemodialysis-induced chronodisruption, the chronotype distribution, and their association with sleep quality and quality of life (QoL). This was a cross-sectional study that enrolled 165 patients (mean age: 51.1 ± 12.5 y, 60.6% male) undergoing hemodialysis from three local units. The following instruments were used: the Morning-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ); a modified version of the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCQT) to estimate hemodialysis-induced chronodisruption (HIC); the Kidney Disease QoL Short Form (KDQOL-SF); the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS); the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the 10-Cognitive Screener (10-CS). HIC was present in 40.6% of CKD patients. Morning chronotype was prevalent in CKD patients (69%) compared to evening-type (17.1%) and significantly different from a paired sample from the general population (p < 0.001). HIC and chronotype were associated with different domains of QoL but not with sleep quality. This study suggests that there is a HIC and that morning chronotype is associated with CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis, with implications for QoL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mario Pedrazzoli
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Tiago Gomes de Andrade
- Circadian Medicine Center, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Lívia Leite Góes Gitaí
- Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Flávio Teles
- Division of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
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8
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Fernández-Martínez J, Ramírez-Casas Y, Yang Y, Aranda-Martínez P, Martínez-Ruiz L, Escames G, Acuña-Castroviejo D. From Chronodisruption to Sarcopenia: The Therapeutic Potential of Melatonin. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1779. [PMID: 38136651 PMCID: PMC10741491 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is an age-related condition that involves a progressive decline in muscle mass and function, leading to increased risk of falls, frailty, and mortality. Although the exact mechanisms are not fully understood, aging-related processes like inflammation, oxidative stress, reduced mitochondrial capacity, and cell apoptosis contribute to this decline. Disruption of the circadian system with age may initiate these pathways in skeletal muscle, preceding the onset of sarcopenia. At present, there is no pharmacological treatment for sarcopenia, only resistance exercise and proper nutrition may delay its onset. Melatonin, derived from tryptophan, emerges as an exceptional candidate for treating sarcopenia due to its chronobiotic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Its impact on mitochondria and organelle, where it is synthesized and crucial in aging skeletal muscle, further highlights its potential. In this review, we discuss the influence of clock genes in muscular aging, with special reference to peripheral clock genes in the skeletal muscle, as well as their relationship with melatonin, which is proposed as a potential therapy against sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Fernández-Martínez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Biotecnología, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (J.F.-M.); (Y.R.-C.); (P.A.-M.); (L.M.-R.); (G.E.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (Ibs.Granada), Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Yolanda Ramírez-Casas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Biotecnología, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (J.F.-M.); (Y.R.-C.); (P.A.-M.); (L.M.-R.); (G.E.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (Ibs.Granada), Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China;
| | - Paula Aranda-Martínez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Biotecnología, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (J.F.-M.); (Y.R.-C.); (P.A.-M.); (L.M.-R.); (G.E.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (Ibs.Granada), Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Laura Martínez-Ruiz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Biotecnología, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (J.F.-M.); (Y.R.-C.); (P.A.-M.); (L.M.-R.); (G.E.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (Ibs.Granada), Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Germaine Escames
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Biotecnología, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (J.F.-M.); (Y.R.-C.); (P.A.-M.); (L.M.-R.); (G.E.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (Ibs.Granada), Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Darío Acuña-Castroviejo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Biotecnología, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (J.F.-M.); (Y.R.-C.); (P.A.-M.); (L.M.-R.); (G.E.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (Ibs.Granada), Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- UGC de Laboratorios Clínicos, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain
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9
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Salgado-Delgado RC, Espinosa-Tanguma R, Valdés Abadía B, Ramírez-Plascencia OD, Escobar C, Saderi N. Feeding during the resting phase causes gastrointestinal tract dysfunction and desynchronization of metabolic and neuronal rhythms in rats. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2023; 35:e14687. [PMID: 37815021 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disrupted circadian rhythms may result from a misalignment between the environmental cycles (due to shift work, sleep restriction, feeding at an unusual time of day) and endogenous rhythms or by physiological aging. Among the numerous adverse effects, disrupted rhythms affect the brain-gut axis, contributing to the pathogenesis of several diseases in the gastrointestinal tract, for example, abdominal pain, constipation, gastric dyspepsia, inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and others. METHODS This study evaluated the rat gastric emptying, gastrointestinal motility, a clock gene, gut hormones, and the neuron activity on the nucleus of tractus solitarius (NTS), area postrema (AP), and the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) in rats with restricted food access to the rest phase for 4 weeks. KEY RESULTS Our results show that food restricted to the rest light period disturbed the expression pattern of a series of transcripts, including metabolic and circadian regulation. Also, the secretion of gastrointestinal hormones, gastric emptying, intestinal motility, and NTS, AP, and DMV activity were altered. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES These data indicate the importance of the time of the day food is ingested on the regulation of energy balance and the endocrine activity of the stomach and small intestine, emphasizing the importance of food as a powerful circadian synchronizer and an essential factor for the triggering of gastrointestinal diseases and metabolic problems. These findings offer a novel clue regarding the obesity-promoting effect attributed to feeding time and open the possibility of treating this and other intestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ricardo Espinosa-Tanguma
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiología y Biofísica, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Belkis Valdés Abadía
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiología y Biofísica, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | | | - Carolina Escobar
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Anatomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Nadia Saderi
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
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10
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Méndez N, Corvalan F, Halabi D, Ehrenfeld P, Maldonado R, Vergara K, Seron-Ferre M, Torres-Farfan C. From gestational chronodisruption to noncommunicable diseases: Pathophysiological mechanisms of programming of adult diseases, and the potential therapeutic role of melatonin. J Pineal Res 2023; 75:e12908. [PMID: 37650128 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
During gestation, the developing fetus relies on precise maternal circadian signals for optimal growth and preparation for extrauterine life. These signals regulate the daily delivery of oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and other biophysical factors while synchronizing fetal rhythms with the external photoperiod. However, modern lifestyle factors such as light pollution and shift work can induce gestational chronodisruption, leading to the desynchronization of maternal and fetal circadian rhythms. Such disruptions have been associated with adverse effects on cardiovascular, neurodevelopmental, metabolic, and endocrine functions in the fetus, increasing the susceptibility to noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in adult life. This aligns with the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease theory, suggesting that early-life exposures can significantly influence health outcomes later in life. The consequences of gestational chronodisruption also extend into adulthood. Environmental factors like diet and stress can exacerbate the adverse effects of these disruptions, underscoring the importance of maintaining a healthy circadian rhythm across the lifespan to prevent NCDs and mitigate the impact of gestational chronodisruption on aging. Research efforts are currently aimed at identifying potential interventions to prevent or mitigate the effects of gestational chronodisruption. Melatonin supplementation during pregnancy emerges as a promising intervention, although further investigation is required to fully understand the precise mechanisms involved and to develop effective strategies for promoting health and preventing NCDs in individuals affected by gestational chronodisruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Méndez
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Fernando Corvalan
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Diego Halabi
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- School of Dentistry, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pamela Ehrenfeld
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- School of Dentistry, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Sistema Nervioso (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Maldonado
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- School of Dentistry, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Sistema Nervioso (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Karina Vergara
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Maria Seron-Ferre
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- School of Dentistry, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Sistema Nervioso (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Programa de Fisiopatología, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile
| | - Claudia Torres-Farfan
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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11
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Cheng WY, Desmet L, Depoortere I. Time-restricted eating for chronodisruption-related chronic diseases. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 239:e14027. [PMID: 37553828 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
The circadian timing system enables organisms to adapt their physiology and behavior to the cyclic environmental changes including light-dark cycle or food availability. Misalignment between the endogenous circadian rhythms and external cues is known as chronodisruption and is closely associated with the development of metabolic and gastrointestinal disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Time-restricted eating (TRE, in human) is an emerging dietary approach for weight management. Recent studies have shown that TRE or time-restricted feeding (TRF, when referring to animals) has several beneficial health effects, which, however, are not limited to weight management. This review summarizes the effects of TRE/TRF on regulating energy metabolism, gut microbiota and homeostasis, development of cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Furthermore, we will address the role of circadian clocks in TRE/TRF and propose ways to optimize TRE as a dietary strategy to obtain maximal health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai-Yin Cheng
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Gut Peptide Research Lab, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Louis Desmet
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Gut Peptide Research Lab, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Inge Depoortere
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Gut Peptide Research Lab, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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12
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Lotti S, Dinu M, Colombini B, Amedei A, Sofi F. Circadian rhythms, gut microbiota, and diet: Possible implications for health. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 33:1490-1500. [PMID: 37246076 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Over the past years, interest in chrono-nutrition has grown enormously as the fundamental role of circadian rhythms in regulating most physiological and metabolic processes has become clearer. Recently, the influence of circadian rhythms on the gut microbiota (GM) composition has also emerged, as more than half of the total microbial composition fluctuates rhythmically throughout the day. At the same time, other studies have observed that the GM itself synchronises the host's circadian biological clock through signals of a different nature. Therefore, it has been hypothesised that there is a two-way communication between the circadian rhythms of the host and the GM, but researchers have only just begun to identify some of its action mechanisms. The manuscript aim is, therefore, to gather and combine the latest evidence in the field of chrono-nutrition with the more recent research on the GM, in order to investigate their relationship and their potential impact on human health. DATA SYNTHESIS Considering current evidence, a desynchronization of circadian rhythms is closely associated with an alteration in the abundance and functionality of the gut microbiota with consequent deleterious effects on health, such as increased risk of numerous pathologies, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, irritable bowel disease, and depression. A key role in maintaining the balance between circadian rhythms and GM seems to be attributed to meal-timing and diet quality, as well as to certain microbial metabolites, in particular short-chain fatty acids. CONCLUSIONS Future studies are needed to decipher the link between the circadian rhythms and specific microbial patterns in relation to different disease frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Lotti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Monica Dinu
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy.
| | - Barbara Colombini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Sofi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy; Unit of Clinical Nutrition, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy.
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13
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Codoñer-Franch P, Gombert M, Martínez-Raga J, Cenit MC. Circadian Disruption and Mental Health: The Chronotherapeutic Potential of Microbiome-Based and Dietary Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087579. [PMID: 37108739 PMCID: PMC10146651 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mental illness is alarmingly on the rise, and circadian disruptions linked to a modern lifestyle may largely explain this trend. Impaired circadian rhythms are associated with mental disorders. The evening chronotype, which is linked to circadian misalignment, is a risk factor for severe psychiatric symptoms and psychiatric metabolic comorbidities. Resynchronization of circadian rhythms commonly improves psychiatric symptoms. Furthermore, evidence indicates that preventing circadian misalignment may help reduce the risk of psychiatric disorders and the impact of neuro-immuno-metabolic disturbances in psychiatry. The gut microbiota exhibits diurnal rhythmicity, as largely governed by meal timing, which regulates the host's circadian rhythms. Temporal circadian regulation of feeding has emerged as a promising chronotherapeutic strategy to prevent and/or help with the treatment of mental illnesses, largely through the modulation of gut microbiota. Here, we provide an overview of the link between circadian disruption and mental illness. We summarize the connection between gut microbiota and circadian rhythms, supporting the idea that gut microbiota modulation may aid in preventing circadian misalignment and in the resynchronization of disrupted circadian rhythms. We describe diurnal microbiome rhythmicity and its related factors, highlighting the role of meal timing. Lastly, we emphasize the necessity and rationale for further research to develop effective and safe microbiome and dietary strategies based on chrononutrition to combat mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Codoñer-Franch
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Bio-Medical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain
| | - Marie Gombert
- Biosciences Division, Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - José Martínez-Raga
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset, University of Valencia, 46017 Valencia, Spain
| | - María Carmen Cenit
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition & Health Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), 46980 Valencia, Spain
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14
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de Assis LVM, Demir M, Oster H. The role of the circadian clock in the development, progression, and treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 237:e13915. [PMID: 36599410 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The circadian clock comprises a cellular endogenous timing system coordinating the alignment of physiological processes with geophysical time. Disruption of circadian rhythms has been associated with several metabolic diseases. In this review, we focus on liver as a major metabolic tissue and one of the most well-studied organs with regard to circadian regulation. We summarize current knowledge about the role of local and systemic clocks and rhythms in regulating biological functions of the liver. We discuss how the disruption of circadian rhythms influences the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). We also critically evaluate whether NAFLD/NASH may in turn result in chronodisruption. The last chapter focuses on potential roles of the clock system in prevention and treatment of NAFLD/NASH and the interaction of current NASH drug candidates with liver circadian rhythms and clocks. It becomes increasingly clear that paying attention to circadian timing may open new avenues for the optimization of NAFLD/NASH therapies and provide interesting targets for prevention and treatment of these increasingly prevalent disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Münevver Demir
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henrik Oster
- Institute of Neurobiology, Center of Brain Behavior & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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15
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Desmet L, Thijs T, Segers A, Depoortere I. Chronic jetlag reprograms gene expression in the colonic smooth muscle layer inducing diurnal rhythmicity in the effect of bile acids on colonic contractility. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2023; 35:e14487. [PMID: 36264144 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secondary bile acids entrain peripheral circadian clocks and inhibit colonic motility via the bile acid receptor GPBAR1. We aimed to investigate whether chronodisruption affected the rhythm in serum bile acid levels and whether this was associated with alterations in clock gene and Gpbar1 mRNA expression in the colonic smooth muscle layer. We hypothesized that this in turn may affect the rhythm in the inhibitory effect of secondary bile acids on colonic contractility. METHODS Mice were exposed to 4 weeks of chronic jetlag induction. The expression of Gpbar1 and clock genes was measured in colonic smooth muscle tissue using RT-qPCR over 24 h (4 h time interval). The effect of secondary bile acids on electrical field-induced neural contractions was measured isometrically in colonic smooth muscle strips. KEY RESULTS Chronic jetlag abolished the rhythmicity in serum bile acid levels. This was associated with a phase-shift in diurnal clock gene mRNA fluctuations in smooth muscle tissue. Chronic jetlag induced a rhythm in Gpbar1 expression in the colonic smooth muscle layer. In parallel, a rhythm was induced in the inhibitory effect of taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA), but not deoxycholic acid, on neural colonic contractions that peaked together with Gpbar1 expression. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Chronodisruption abolished the rhythm in bile acid levels which might contribute to a shift in smooth muscle clock gene expression. Our findings suggest that chronodisruption caused a transcriptional reprogramming in the colonic smooth layer thereby inducing a rhythm in the expression of Gpbar1 and in the inhibitory effect of TDCA on colonic contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Desmet
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Gut Peptide Research Lab, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Theo Thijs
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Gut Peptide Research Lab, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anneleen Segers
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Gut Peptide Research Lab, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Inge Depoortere
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Gut Peptide Research Lab, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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16
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Stanton D, Justin HS, Reitzel AM. Step in Time: Conservation of Circadian Clock Genes in Animal Evolution. Integr Comp Biol 2022; 62:1503-1518. [PMID: 36073444 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icac140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, the molecular mechanisms responsible for circadian phenotypes of animals have been studied in increasing detail in mammals, some insects, and other invertebrates. Particular circadian proteins and their interactions are shared across evolutionary distant animals, resulting in a hypothesis for the canonical circadian clock of animals. As the number of species for which the circadian clockwork has been described increases, the circadian clock in animals driving cyclical phenotypes becomes less similar. Our focus in this review is to develop and synthesize the current literature to better understand the antiquity and evolution of the animal circadian clockwork. Here, we provide an updated understanding of circadian clock evolution in animals, largely through the lens of conserved genes characterized in the circadian clock identified in bilaterian species. These comparisons reveal extensive variation within the likely composition of the core clock mechanism, including losses of many genes, and that the ancestral clock of animals does not equate to the bilaterian clock. Despite the loss of these core genes, these species retain circadian behaviors and physiology, suggesting novel clocks have evolved repeatedly. Additionally, we highlight highly conserved cellular processes (e.g., cell division, nutrition) that intersect with the circadian clock of some animals. The conservation of these processes throughout the animal tree remains essentially unknown, but understanding their role in the evolution and maintenance of the circadian clock will provide important areas for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Stanton
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Hannah S Justin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd., Charlotte NC 28223, USA
| | - Adam M Reitzel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd., Charlotte NC 28223, USA
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17
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Perez-Diaz-del-Campo N, Castelnuovo G, Caviglia GP, Armandi A, Rosso C, Bugianesi E. Role of Circadian Clock on the Pathogenesis and Lifestyle Management in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235053. [PMID: 36501083 PMCID: PMC9736115 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Several features of the modern lifestyle, such as weekly schedules or irregular daily eating patterns, have become major drivers of global health problems, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Sleep is an essential component of human well-being, and it has been observed that when circadian rhythms are disrupted, or when sleep quality decreases, an individual's overall health may worsen. In addition, the discrepancy between the circadian and social clock, due to weekly work/study schedules, is called social jetlag and has also been associated with adverse metabolic profiles. Current management of NAFLD is based on dietary intake and physical activity, with circadian preferences and other environmental factors also needing to be taken into account. In this regard, dietary approaches based on chrononutrition, such as intermittent fasting or time-restricted feeding, have proven to be useful in realigning lifestyle behaviors with circadian biological rhythms. However, more studies are needed to apply these dietary strategies in the treatment of these patients. In this review, we focus on the impact of circadian rhythms and the role of sleep patterns on the pathogenesis and development of NAFLD, as well as the consideration of chrononutrition for the precision nutrition management of patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Angelo Armandi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Metabolic Liver Disease Research Program, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Chiara Rosso
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Elisabetta Bugianesi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Gastroenterology Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza—Molinette Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy
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18
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Mendez N, Halabi D, Salazar-Petres ER, Vergara K, Corvalan F, Richter HG, Bastidas C, Bascur P, Ehrenfeld P, Seron-Ferre M, Torres-Farfan C. Maternal melatonin treatment rescues endocrine, inflammatory, and transcriptional deregulation in the adult rat female offspring from gestational chronodisruption. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1039977. [PMID: 36507347 PMCID: PMC9727156 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1039977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Gestational chronodisruption impact maternal circadian rhythms, inhibiting the nocturnal increase of melatonin, a critical hormone that contributes to maternal changes adaptation, entrains circadian rhythms, and prepares the fetus for birth and successful health in adulthood. In rats, we know that gestational chronodisruption by maternal chronic photoperiod shifting (CPS) impaired maternal melatonin levels and resulted in long-term metabolic and cardiovascular effects in adult male offspring. Here, we investigated the consequences of CPS on mother and adult female offspring and explored the effects of melatonin maternal supplementation. Also, we tested whether maternal melatonin administration during gestational chronodisruption rescues maternal circadian rhythms, pregnancy outcomes, and transcriptional functions in adult female offspring. Methods Female rats raised and maintained in photoperiod 12:12 light: dark were mated and separated into three groups: (a) Control photoperiod 12:12 (LD); (b) CPS photoperiod; and (c) CPS+Mel mothers supplemented with melatonin in the drinking water throughout gestation. In the mother, we evaluated maternal circadian rhythms by telemetry and pregnancy outcomes, in the long-term, we study adult female offspring by evaluating endocrine and inflammatory markers and the mRNA expression of functional genes involved in adrenal, cardiac, and renal function. Results In the mothers, CPS disrupted circadian rhythms of locomotor activity, body temperature, and heart rate and increased gestational length by almost 12-h and birth weight by 12%, all of which were rescued by maternal melatonin administration. In the female offspring, we found blunted day/night differences in circulating levels of melatonin and corticosterone, abnormal patterns of pro-inflammatory cytokines Interleukin-1a (IL1a), Interleukin-6 (IL6), and Interleukin-10 (IL10); and differential expression in 18 out of 24 adrenal, cardiac, and renal mRNAs evaluated. Conclusion Maternal melatonin contributed to maintaining the maternal circadian rhythms in mothers exposed to CPS, and the re-establishing the expression of 60% of the altered mRNAs to control levels in the female offspring. Although we did not analyze the effects on kidney, adrenal, and heart physiology, our results reinforce the idea that altered maternal circadian rhythms, resulting from exposure to light at night, should be a mechanism involved in the programming of Non-Communicable Diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Mendez
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Diego Halabi
- School of Dentistry, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Esteban Roberto Salazar-Petres
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Karina Vergara
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Fernando Corvalan
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Hans G. Richter
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Carla Bastidas
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Pía Bascur
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Pamela Ehrenfeld
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile,Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Sistema Nervioso (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Maria Seron-Ferre
- Programa de Fisiopatología, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Torres-Farfan
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile,Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Sistema Nervioso (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile,*Correspondence: Claudia Torres-Farfan,
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Galinde AAS, Al-Mughales F, Oster H, Heyde I. Different levels of circadian (de)synchrony -- where does it hurt? F1000Res 2022; 11:1323. [PMID: 37125019 PMCID: PMC10130703 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.127234.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A network of cellular timers ensures the maintenance of homeostasis by temporal modulation of physiological processes across the day. These so-called circadian clocks are synchronized to geophysical time by external time cues (or zeitgebers). In modern societies, natural environmental cycles are disrupted by artificial lighting, around-the-clock availability of food or shiftwork. Such contradictory zeitgeber input promotes chronodisruption, i.e., the perturbation of internal circadian rhythms, resulting in adverse health outcomes. While this phenomenon is well described, it is still poorly understood at which level of organization perturbed rhythms impact on health and wellbeing. In this review, we discuss different levels of chronodisruption and what is known about their health effects. We summarize the results of disrupted phase coherence between external and internal time vs. misalignment of tissue clocks amongst each other, i.e., internal desynchrony. Last, phase incoherence can also occur at the tissue level itself. Here, alterations in phase coordination can emerge between cellular clocks of the same tissue or between different clock genes within the single cell. A better understanding of the mechanisms of circadian misalignment and its effects on physiology will help to find effective tools to prevent or treat disorders arising from modern-day chronodisruptive environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita AS. Galinde
- Institute of Neurobiology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, 23562, Germany
| | - Faheem Al-Mughales
- Institute of Neurobiology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, 23562, Germany
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen
| | - Henrik Oster
- Institute of Neurobiology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, 23562, Germany
| | - Isabel Heyde
- Institute of Neurobiology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, 23562, Germany
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20
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Galinde AAS, Al-Mughales F, Oster H, Heyde I. Different levels of circadian (de)synchrony -- where does it hurt? F1000Res 2022; 11:1323. [PMID: 37125019 PMCID: PMC10130703 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.127234.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A network of cellular timers ensures the maintenance of homeostasis by temporal modulation of physiological processes across the day. These so-called circadian clocks are synchronized to geophysical time by external time cues (or zeitgebers). In modern societies, natural environmental cycles are disrupted by artificial lighting, around-the-clock availability of food or shift work. Such contradictory zeitgeber input promotes chronodisruption, i.e., the perturbation of internal circadian rhythms, resulting in adverse health outcomes. While this phenomenon is well described, it is still poorly understood at which level of organization perturbed rhythms impact on health and wellbeing. In this review, we discuss different levels of chronodisruption and what is known about their health effects. We summarize the results of disrupted phase coherence between external and internal time vs. misalignment of tissue clocks amongst each other, i.e., internal desynchrony. Last, phase incoherence can also occur at the tissue level itself. Here, alterations in phase coordination can emerge between cellular clocks of the same tissue or between different clock genes within the single cell. A better understanding of the mechanisms of circadian misalignment and its effects on physiology will help to find effective tools to prevent or treat disorders arising from modern-day chronodisruptive environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita AS. Galinde
- Institute of Neurobiology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, 23562, Germany
| | - Faheem Al-Mughales
- Institute of Neurobiology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, 23562, Germany
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen
| | - Henrik Oster
- Institute of Neurobiology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, 23562, Germany
| | - Isabel Heyde
- Institute of Neurobiology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, 23562, Germany
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21
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Saals B, Boss HM, Pot GK. Young people and adolescents have more irregular meals during the COVID-19 pandemic: A nested case-control study on chrono-nutrition before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Chronobiol Int 2022; 39:991-1000. [PMID: 35354418 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2022.2054347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Chrono-nutrition is an emerging field of research that includes three aspects of time: (1) regularity, (2) frequency, and (3) clock time. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the implemented lockdown, daily routines were disrupted, which presented a unique opportunity to investigate chrono-nutrition, in particular in adolescents. A nested case-control study was conducted and information on chrono-nutrition was collected via an anonymous online questionnaire including 99 participants aged 13 to 20 years (N = 43 before the COVID-19 pandemic and N = 56 during the COVID-19 pandemic). Differences in chrono-nutrition were tested with chi-square and Mann-Whitney U. During the COVID-19 pandemic, participants consumed their breakfast less regularly (34%) compared with participants before the COVID-19 pandemic (65%) (P = .003). Additionally, during the COVID-19 pandemic, participants consumed snacks in the morning (26% vs. 60%, P = .001), afternoon (19% vs. 81%, P < .000), and evening (22% vs. 84%, P < .001) less regularly. However, the frequency in afternoon (4.9 ± 2.2 times per week vs. 3.8 ± 1.9 times per week, P = .002) and evening snacks (4.4 ± 2.4 times per week vs. 3.4 ± 2.0 times per week, P = .02) was higher for participants during the COVID-19 pandemic. We also observed that participants reported more sleeping problems during the COVID-19 pandemic (34% vs. 14%; P = .07). This study in 99 young people and adolescents suggests that meal regularity declined during the COVID-19 pandemic, while meal frequency, especially snack consumption, increased. This highlights the importance of maintaining a regular daily structure to avoid excessive energy intake via snacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Saals
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Sleep centre, Hospital Gelderse Vallei, Ede, The Netherlands
| | - H Myrthe Boss
- Sleep centre, Hospital Gelderse Vallei, Ede, The Netherlands
| | - Gerda K Pot
- Nutrition and Health Department, Louis Bolk Institute, Bunnik, The Netherlands.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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22
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Menéndez-Velázquez A, Morales D, García-Delgado AB. Light Pollution and Circadian Misalignment: A Healthy, Blue-Free, White Light-Emitting Diode to Avoid Chronodisruption. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:1849. [PMID: 35162871 PMCID: PMC8835293 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sunlight has participated in the development of all life forms on Earth. The micro-world and the daily rhythms of plants and animals are strongly regulated by the light-dark rhythm. Human beings have followed this pattern for thousands of years. The discovery and development of artificial light sources eliminated the workings of this physiological clock. The world's current external environment is full of light pollution. In many electrical light bulbs used today and considered "environmentally friendly," such as LED devices, electrical energy is converted into short-wavelength illumination that we have not experienced in the past. Such illumination effectively becomes "biological light pollution" and disrupts our pineal melatonin production. The suppression of melatonin at night alters our circadian rhythms (biological rhythms with a periodicity of 24 h). This alteration is known as chronodisruption and is associated with numerous diseases. In this article, we present a blue-free WLED (white light-emitting diode) that can avoid chronodisruption and preserve circadian rhythms. This WLED also maintains the spectral quality of light measured through parameters such as CRI (color reproduction index).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dolores Morales
- Photoactive Materials Research Unit, IDONIAL Technology Center, 33417 Avilés, Spain
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23
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Almaida-Pagan PF, Torrente M, Campos M, Provencio M, Madrid JA, Franco F, Morilla BR, Cantos B, Sousa PA, Madrid MJM, Pimentao J, Rol MÁ. Chronodisruption and Ambulatory Circadian Monitoring in Cancer Patients: Beyond the Body Clock. Curr Oncol Rep 2022; 24:135-149. [PMID: 35061192 PMCID: PMC8857092 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-021-01158-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Circadian rhythms impose daily rhythms a remarkable variety of metabolic and physiological functions, such as cell proliferation, inflammation, and DNA damage response. Accumulating epidemiological and genetic evidence indicates that circadian rhythms’ disruption may be linked to cancer. The integration of circadian biology into cancer research may offer new options for increasing cancer treatment effectiveness and would encompass the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of this disease. Recent Findings In recent years, there has been a significant development and use of multi-modal sensors to monitor physical activity, sleep, and circadian rhythms, allowing, for the very first time, scaling accurate sleep monitoring to epidemiological research linking sleep patterns to disease, and wellness applications providing new potential applications. Summary This review highlights the role of circadian clock in tumorigenesis, cancer hallmarks and introduces the state-of-the-art in sleep-monitoring technologies, discussing the eventual application of insights in clinical settings and cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro F Almaida-Pagan
- Kronohealth SL, Murcia, Spain
- Chronobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, University of Murcia, Mare Nostrum Campus, IUIE, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Ciber Fragilidad Y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Torrente
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
- Medical Oncology Department, Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda University Hospital, Calle Manuel de Falla, 1, 28222, Madrid, Spain.
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Francisco de Vitoria University, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Manuel Campos
- Kronohealth SL, Murcia, Spain
- Chronobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, University of Murcia, Mare Nostrum Campus, IUIE, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Ciber Fragilidad Y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Provencio
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Madrid
- Kronohealth SL, Murcia, Spain
- Chronobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, University of Murcia, Mare Nostrum Campus, IUIE, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Ciber Fragilidad Y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fabio Franco
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Rodríguez Morilla
- Kronohealth SL, Murcia, Spain
- Chronobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, University of Murcia, Mare Nostrum Campus, IUIE, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Ciber Fragilidad Y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Cantos
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro A Sousa
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - María José Martínez Madrid
- Kronohealth SL, Murcia, Spain
- Chronobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, University of Murcia, Mare Nostrum Campus, IUIE, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Ciber Fragilidad Y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joao Pimentao
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - María Ángeles Rol
- Kronohealth SL, Murcia, Spain
- Chronobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, University of Murcia, Mare Nostrum Campus, IUIE, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Ciber Fragilidad Y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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24
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Kumar Verma A, Singh S, Srivastava P, Ibrahim Rizvi S. Melatonin stabilizes age-dependent alterations in erythrocyte membrane induced by 'Artificial Light at Night' in a chronodisrupted model of rat. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2022; 316:113960. [PMID: 34861279 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence has shown that Artificial light at night (ALAN) is one of the threatening risk factors which disrupt circadian homeodynamics of cellular processes. The chronobiological role of melatonin seems to represent an important aspect of its contribution to healthy aging. In the present study, we examined the age dependent effect of melatonin on erythrocyte membrane transporters and oxidative stress biomarkers against ALAN to understand the degree of photo-oxidative damage in chronodisrupted rat model. Young (3 months) and old (24 months) male Wistar rats were subdivided in the following four young groups (n = 4) ; (i) control (ii) melatonin (10 mg/kg) (iii) ALAN (500 lx) (iv) ALAN (500 lx) + melatonin (10 mg/kg) and four old groups (n = 4); (v) control (vi) melatonin (10 mg/kg) (vii) ALAN (500 lx) (viii) ALAN (500 lx) + melatonin (10 mg/kg) to the experimental conditions for 10 days. Our findings demonstrated that ALAN significantly enhanced erythrocyte membrane lipid hydroperoxides (LHPs), protein carbonyl (PCO) while reduced total thiol (T-SH), and sialic acid (SA) level with higher amplitude in old ALAN group is restored by exogenous supplementation of melatonin. Activity of membrane transporters, sodium potassium ATPase (NKA) and plasma membrane calcium ion ATPase (PMCA) is significantly reduced meanwhile sodium hydrogen exchanger (NHE) activity is enhanced under the influence of ALAN with higher extent in old groups is effectively ameliorated by melatonin treatment. Further melatonin reduced osmotic fragility of erythrocyte in both young and old rats. It has been concluded from results that ALAN provoked redox insult and disrupt transporters activity more prominently in erythrocyte membrane of aged groups. Exogenous supplementation of melatonin is one of the possible therapeutic approaches to reinforce circadian modulations against ALAN in aged populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avnish Kumar Verma
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India
| | - Sandeep Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India
| | - Parisha Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India
| | - Syed Ibrahim Rizvi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India.
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25
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Chronodisruption: Origin, Roots, and Developments of an 18-Year-Old Concept. Comment on Desmet et al. Time-Restricted Feeding in Mice Prevents the Disruption of the Peripheral Circadian Clocks and Its Metabolic Impact during Chronic Jetlag. Nutrients 2021, 13, 3846. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14020315. [PMID: 35057496 PMCID: PMC8779712 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We read with interest the article by Desmet and colleagues entitled "Time-Restricted Feeding in Mice Prevents the Disruption of the Peripheral Circadian Clocks and Its Metabolic Impact during Chronic Jetlag" [...].
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26
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Preschool sleep and depression interact to predict gray matter volume trajectories across late childhood to adolescence. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2021; 53:101053. [PMID: 34933170 PMCID: PMC8693016 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2021.101053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a close relationship between sleep and depression, and certain maladaptive outcomes of sleep problems may only be apparent in individuals with heightened levels of depression. In a sample enriched for preschool depression, we examined how sleep and depression in early childhood interact to predict later trajectories of gray matter volume. Participants (N = 161) were recruited and assessed during preschool (ages 3–6 years) and were later assessed with five waves of structural brain imaging, spanning from late childhood to adolescence. Sleep and depression were assessed using a semi-structured parent interview when the children were preschool-aged, and total gray matter volume was calculated at each scan wave. Although sleep disturbances alone did not predict gray matter volume/trajectories, preschool sleep and depression symptoms interacted to predict later total gray matter volume and the trajectory of decline in total gray matter volume. Sleep disturbances in the form of longer sleep onset latencies, increased irregularity in the child’s sleep schedule, and higher levels of daytime sleepiness in early childhood were all found to interact with early childhood depression severity to predict later trajectories of cortical gray matter volume. Findings provide evidence of the interactive effects of preschool sleep and depression symptoms on later neurodevelopment.
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27
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Time-Restricted Feeding in Mice Prevents the Disruption of the Peripheral Circadian Clocks and Its Metabolic Impact during Chronic Jetlag. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113846. [PMID: 34836101 PMCID: PMC8622682 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We used time-restricted feeding (TRF) to investigate whether microbial metabolites and the hunger hormone ghrelin can become the dominant entraining factor during chronic jetlag to prevent disruption of the master and peripheral clocks, in order to promote health. Therefore, hypothalamic clock gene and Agrp/Npy mRNA expression were measured in mice that were either chronically jetlagged and fed ad libitum, jetlagged and fed a TRF diet, or not jetlagged and fed a TRF diet. Fecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations, plasma ghrelin and corticosterone levels, and colonic clock gene mRNA expression were measured. Preventing the disruption of the food intake pattern during chronic jetlag using TRF restored the rhythmicity in hypothalamic clock gene mRNA expression of Reverbα but not of Arntl. TRF countered the changes in plasma ghrelin levels and in hypothalamic Npy mRNA expression induced by chronic jetlag, thereby reestablishing the food intake pattern. Increase in body mass induced by chronic jetlag was prevented. Alterations in diurnal fluctuations in fecal SCFAs during chronic jetlag were prevented thereby re-entraining the rhythmic expression of peripheral clock genes. In conclusion, TRF during chronodisruption re-entrains the rhythms in clock gene expression and signals from the gut that regulate food intake to normalize body homeostasis.
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28
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Lotti S, Pagliai G, Colombini B, Sofi F, Dinu M. Chronotype Differences in Energy Intake, Cardiometabolic Risk Parameters, Cancer, and Depression: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Adv Nutr 2021; 13:269-281. [PMID: 34549270 PMCID: PMC8803479 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronotype is a behavioral manifestation of the internal circadian clock system. It refers to the specific activity-rest preference of an individual over a 24-h period and can be assessed using different methodologies that classify individuals into morning or evening chronotype. In recent years, several studies have suggested a relation between individual chronotype, eating habits, and the risk of developing obesity and other conditions. Our aim was to evaluate the association between chronotype, energy intake, and health status through a meta-analytic approach. A comprehensive search of MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Database was conducted. Observational studies that reported a measure of association between chronotype, energy intake, and health indicators were considered eligible. Overall, 39 observational studies (37 cross-sectional studies, 2 prospective cohort studies) were included in the systematic review, with a total of 377,797 subjects. By comparing morning and evening subjects, pooled analyses of cross-sectional studies showed significantly (P < 0.001) higher concentrations of blood glucose [mean difference (MD): 7.82; 95% CI: 3.18, 12.45], glycated hemoglobin (MD: 7.64; 95% CI: 3.08, 12.21), LDL cholesterol (MD: 13.69; 95% CI: 6.84, 20.54), and triglycerides (MD: 12.62; 95% CI: 0.90, 24.35) in evening subjects. Furthermore, an association between evening type and the risk of diabetes (OR: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.20, 1.41), cancer (OR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.30), and depression (OR: 1.86; 95% CI: 1.20, 2.88) was reported. Regarding the other outcomes examined, no significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of energy intake, anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, insulin, total and HDL cholesterol, and hypertension risk. In conclusion, evening chronotype was associated with a worse cardiometabolic risk profile and higher risk of diabetes, cancer, and depression. Further studies are needed to confirm these results and to better elucidate the interplay between chronotype, nutrition, and health status. This systematic review was registered at www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ as CRD42021231044.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giuditta Pagliai
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Barbara Colombini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Sofi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy,Unit of Clinical Nutrition, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Monica Dinu
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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29
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Arguelles-Prieto R, Madrid JA, Rol MA, Bonmati-Carrion MA. Correlated color temperature and light intensity: Complementary features in non-visual light field. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254171. [PMID: 34252130 PMCID: PMC8274909 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
An appropriate exposure to the light-dark cycle, with high irradiances during the day and darkness during the night is essential to keep our physiology on time. However, considering the increasing exposure to artificial light at night and its potential harmful effects on health (i.e. chronodisruption and associated health conditions), it is essential to understand the non-visual effects of light in humans. Melatonin suppression is considered the gold standard for nocturnal light effects, and the activation of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) through the assessment of pupillary light reflex (PLR) has been recently gaining attention. Also, some theoretical models for melatonin suppression and retinal photoreceptors activation have been proposed. Our aim in this study was to determine the influence of correlated color temperature (CCT) on melatonin suppression and PLR, considering two commercial light sources, as well as to explore the possible correlation between both processes. Also, the contribution of irradiance (associated to CCT) was explored through mathematical modelling on a wider range of light sources. For that, melatonin suppression and PLR were experimentally assessed on 16 healthy and young volunteers under two light conditions (warmer, CCT 3000 K; and cooler, CCT 5700 K, at ~5·1018 photons/cm2/sec). Our experimental results yielded greater post-stimulus constriction under the cooler (5700 K, 13.3 ± 1.9%) than under the warmer light (3000 K, 8.7 ± 1.2%) (p < 0.01), although no significant differences were found between both conditions in terms of melatonin suppression. Interestingly, we failed to demonstrate correlation between PLR and melatonin suppression. Although methodological limitations cannot be discarded, this could be due to the existence of different subpopulations of Type 1 ipRGCs differentially contributing to PLR and melatonin suppression, which opens the way for further research on ipRGCs projection in humans. The application of theoretical modelling suggested that CCT should not be considered separately from irradiance when designing nocturnal/diurnal illumination systems. Further experimental studies on wider ranges of CCTs and light intensities are needed to confirm these conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Arguelles-Prieto
- Chronobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, University of Murcia, Mare Nostrum Campus, IUIE, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Madrid
- Chronobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, University of Murcia, Mare Nostrum Campus, IUIE, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Ciber Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Angeles Rol
- Chronobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, University of Murcia, Mare Nostrum Campus, IUIE, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Ciber Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Angeles Bonmati-Carrion
- Chronobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, University of Murcia, Mare Nostrum Campus, IUIE, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Ciber Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
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Arellanes-Licea EDC, Pérez-Mendoza M, Carmona-Castro A, Díaz-Muñoz M, Miranda-Anaya M. Obese Neotomodon alstoni mice exhibit sexual dimorphism in the daily profile of circulating melatonin and clock proteins PER1 and BMAL1 in the hypothalamus and peripheral oscillators. Chronobiol Int 2021; 38:584-597. [PMID: 33393371 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1860999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a global health threat and a risk factor for several metabolic conditions. Though circadian dysfunction has been considered among the multiple causes of obesity, little work has been done to explore the relationship between obesity, circadian dysfunction, and sexual dimorphism. The Neotomodon alstoni mouse is a suitable model for such research. This study employed N. alstoni mice in a chronobiological analysis to determine whether there is circadian desynchronization of relative PER1 and BMAL1 protein levels in the hypothalamus, liver, visceral white adipose tissue, kidney, and heart. It also compared differences between sexes and lean and obese N. alstoni adult mice, by recording behavior and daily circulating serum melatonin as markers of circadian output. We found that obese mice display reduced locomotor activity. Additionally, Cosinor analyses of the relative expression of PER1 and BMAL1 show differences between lean and obese mice in a sex-linked manner. The PER1 24 h rhythm was absent in all tissues of obese males and significant in the tissues of obese females. The BMAL1 24 h rhythm also was significant in most of the tissues tested in lean males, whereas it was significant and shifted the acrophase (peak time of rhythm) in most of the tissues in obese females. Both lean male and female mice showed a rhythmic 24 h pattern of circulating serum melatonin. This daily profile was not only absent in obese mice of both sexes but showed sexual dimorphism. Obese male mice showed lower circulating levels of melatonin compared to lean male mice, but they were higher in obese females compared to lean females. Our results suggest that obesity in N. alstoni is associated with an internal circadian desynchronization in a sex-dependent manner. Overall, this study reinforces the need for further research on the neuroendocrinology of obesity and circadian rhythms using this biological model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Del Carmen Arellanes-Licea
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, México
| | - Moisés Pérez-Mendoza
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, México
| | - Agustín Carmona-Castro
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Mauricio Díaz-Muñoz
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, México
| | - Manuel Miranda-Anaya
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, México
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31
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Salazar-Petres ER, Sferruzzi-Perri AN. Pregnancy-induced changes in β-cell function: what are the key players? J Physiol 2021; 600:1089-1117. [PMID: 33704799 DOI: 10.1113/jp281082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal metabolic adaptations during pregnancy ensure appropriate nutrient supply to the developing fetus. This is facilitated by reductions in maternal peripheral insulin sensitivity, which enables glucose to be available in the maternal circulation for transfer to the fetus for growth. To balance this process and avoid excessive hyperglycaemia and glucose intolerance in the mother during pregnancy, maternal pancreatic β-cells undergo remarkable changes in their function including increasing their proliferation and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. In this review we examine how placental and maternal hormones work cooperatively to activate several signalling pathways, transcription factors and epigenetic regulators to drive adaptations in β-cell function during pregnancy. We also explore how adverse maternal environmental conditions, including malnutrition, obesity, circadian rhythm disruption and environmental pollutants, may impact the endocrine and molecular mechanisms controlling β-cell adaptations during pregnancy. The available data from human and experimental animal studies highlight the need to better understand how maternal β-cells integrate the various environmental, metabolic and endocrine cues and thereby determine appropriate β-cell adaptation during gestation. In doing so, these studies may identify targetable pathways that could be used to prevent not only the development of pregnancy complications like gestational diabetes that impact maternal and fetal wellbeing, but also more generally the pathogenesis of other metabolic conditions like type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Roberto Salazar-Petres
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Amanda Nancy Sferruzzi-Perri
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
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Bonmati-Carrion MA, Tomas-Loba A. Melatonin and Cancer: A Polyhedral Network Where the Source Matters. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020210. [PMID: 33535472 PMCID: PMC7912767 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is one of the most phylogenetically conserved signals in biology. Although its original function was probably related to its antioxidant capacity, this indoleamine has been “adopted” by multicellular organisms as the “darkness signal” when secreted in a circadian manner and is acutely suppressed by light at night by the pineal gland. However, melatonin is also produced by other tissues, which constitute its extrapineal sources. Apart from its undisputed chronobiotic function, melatonin exerts antioxidant, immunomodulatory, pro-apoptotic, antiproliferative, and anti-angiogenic effects, with all these properties making it a powerful antitumor agent. Indeed, this activity has been demonstrated to be mediated by interfering with various cancer hallmarks, and different epidemiological studies have also linked light at night (melatonin suppression) with a higher incidence of different types of cancer. In 2007, the World Health Organization classified night shift work as a probable carcinogen due to circadian disruption, where melatonin plays a central role. Our aim is to review, from a global perspective, the role of melatonin both from pineal and extrapineal origin, as well as their possible interplay, as an intrinsic factor in the incidence, development, and progression of cancer. Particular emphasis will be placed not only on those mechanisms related to melatonin’s antioxidant nature but also on the recently described novel roles of melatonin in microbiota and epigenetic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Angeles Bonmati-Carrion
- Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Ciber Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable, 28090 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.-A.B.-C.); (A.T.-L.)
| | - Antonia Tomas-Loba
- Circadian Rhythm and Cancer Laboratory, Department of Physiology, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.-A.B.-C.); (A.T.-L.)
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Vetter C, Winnebeck EC, Roenneberg T. Asking the Clock: How to Use Information from Questionnaires for Circadian Phenotyping. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2130:79-85. [PMID: 33284437 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0381-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With the emergence of big data science, the question how we can easily collect meaningful information about circadian clock phenotypes in large human cohorts imposes itself. Here, we describe potentials and limitations of using questionnaires, specifically the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire (MCTQ), to characterize such circadian phenotypes. We also discuss scenarios when alternative methods might be more appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Vetter
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Eva C Winnebeck
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Till Roenneberg
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany.
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Gomes PRL, Motta-Teixeira LC, Gallo CC, Carmo Buonfiglio DD, Camargo LSD, Quintela T, Reiter RJ, Amaral FGD, Cipolla-Neto J. Maternal pineal melatonin in gestation and lactation physiology, and in fetal development and programming. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 300:113633. [PMID: 33031801 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy and lactation are reproductive processes that rely on physiological adaptations that should be timely and adequately triggered to guarantee both maternal and fetal health. Pineal melatonin is a hormone that presents daily and seasonal variations that synchronizes the organism's physiology to the different demands across time through its specific mechanisms and ways of action. The reproductive system is a notable target for melatonin as it actively participates on reproductive physiology and regulates the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonads axis, influencing gonadotropins and sexual hormones synthesis and release. For its antioxidant properties, melatonin is also vital for the oocytes and spermatozoa quality and viability, and for blastocyst development. Maternal pineal melatonin blood levels increase during pregnancy and triggers the maternal physiological alterations in energy metabolism both during pregnancy and lactation to cope with the energy demands of both periods and to promote adequate mammary gland development. Moreover, maternal melatonin freely crosses the placenta and is the only source of this hormone to the fetus. It importantly times the conceptus physiology and influences its development and programing of several functions that depend on neural and brain development, ultimately priming adult behavior and energy and glucose metabolism. The present review aims to explain the above listed melatonin functions, including the potential alterations observed in the progeny gestated under maternal chronodisruption and/or hypomelatoninemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Rodrigues Lourenço Gomes
- Neurobiology Lab, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, 1524 Prof. Lineu Prestes Ave., Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Bldg 1, Lab 118, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Lívia Clemente Motta-Teixeira
- Neurobiology Lab, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, 1524 Prof. Lineu Prestes Ave., Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Bldg 1, Lab 118, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Camila Congentino Gallo
- Pineal Neurobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, 862 Botucatu St., 5th floor, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-901, Brazil.
| | - Daniella do Carmo Buonfiglio
- Neurobiology Lab, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, 1524 Prof. Lineu Prestes Ave., Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Bldg 1, Lab 118, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Ludmilla Scodeler de Camargo
- Pineal Neurobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, 862 Botucatu St., 5th floor, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-901, Brazil.
| | - Telma Quintela
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Center, Infante D. Henrique Ave, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã 6200-506, Portugal.
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, Long School of Medicine, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Fernanda Gaspar do Amaral
- Pineal Neurobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, 862 Botucatu St., 5th floor, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-901, Brazil.
| | - José Cipolla-Neto
- Neurobiology Lab, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, 1524 Prof. Lineu Prestes Ave., Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Bldg 1, Lab 118, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil.
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Carpio Arias TV, Mogrovejo Arias DC, Nicolalde Cifuentes TM, Tapia Veloz EC, De Zeeuw CI, Vinueza Veloz MF. Sleep quality does not mediate the negative effects of chronodisruption on body composition and metabolic syndrome in healthcare workers in Ecuador. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2021; 15:397-402. [PMID: 33571890 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The objective of the present work was to determine to what extent sleep quality may mediate the association between chronodisruption (CD) and metabolic syndrome (MS), and between CD and body composition (BC). METHODOLOGY Cross-sectional study which included 300 adult health workers, 150 of whom were night shift workers and thereby exposed to CD. Diagnosis of MS was made based on Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Sleep quality was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Body mass index (BMI), fat mass percentage, and visceral fat percentage were measured as indicators of body composition (BC). Data were analyzed using logistic, linear regression and structural equation models. RESULTS The odds of health workers exposed to CD to suffer MS was 22.13 (IC95 8.68-66.07) when the model was adjusted for age, gender, physical activity and energy consumption. CD was also significantly associated with an increase in fat mass and visceral fat percentages, but not to BMI. Surprisingly, there was not enough evidence supporting the hypothesis that sleep quality contributes to the association between CD and MS or between CD and BC. CONCLUSIONS Sleep quality does not mediate the negative effects of CD on MS nor on BC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Chris I De Zeeuw
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - María Fernanda Vinueza Veloz
- School of Medicine, Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo, Riobamba, Ecuador; Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Research Group PSICOMED, Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo, Riobamba, Ecuador.
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Agorastos A, Olff M. Traumatic stress and the circadian system: neurobiology, timing and treatment of posttraumatic chronodisruption. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2020; 11:1833644. [PMID: 33408808 PMCID: PMC7747941 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2020.1833644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Humans have an evolutionary need for a well-preserved internal 'clock', adjusted to the 24-hour rotation period of our planet. This intrinsic circadian timing system enables the temporal organization of numerous physiologic processes, from gene expression to behaviour. The human circadian system is tightly and bidirectionally interconnected to the human stress system, as both systems regulate each other's activity along the anticipated diurnal challenges. The understanding of the temporal relationship between stressors and stress responses is critical in the molecular pathophysiology of stress-and trauma-related diseases, such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Objectives/Methods: In this narrative review, we present the functional components of the stress and circadian system and their multilevel interactions and discuss how traumatic stress can affect the harmonious interplay between the two systems. Results: Circadian dysregulation after trauma exposure (posttraumatic chronodisruption) may represent a core feature of trauma-related disorders mediating enduring neurobiological correlates of traumatic stress through a loss of the temporal order at different organizational levels. Posttraumatic chronodisruption may, thus, affect fundamental properties of neuroendocrine, immune and autonomic systems, leading to a breakdown of biobehavioral adaptive mechanisms with increased stress sensitivity and vulnerability. Given that many traumatic events occur in the late evening or night hours, we also describe how the time of day of trauma exposure can differentially affect the stress system and, finally, discuss potential chronotherapeutic interventions. Conclusion: Understanding the stress-related mechanisms susceptible to chronodisruption and their role in PTSD could deliver new insights into stress pathophysiology, provide better psychochronobiological treatment alternatives and enhance preventive strategies in stress-exposed populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agorastos Agorastos
- II. Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.,VA Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health (CESAMH), VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Miranda Olff
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,ARQ Psychotrauma Expert Group, Diemen, The Netherlands
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Padilla-Martínez JM, Abad-Corpa E, Gea-Sánchez M, Casado-Ramírez E, Rol-de Lama MA, Madrid-Pérez JA, Moreno-Casbas MT. Detection of factors influencing circadian rhythms on Intensive Care inpatients and hospitalization: Protocol for an observational study. J Adv Nurs 2020; 77:411-416. [PMID: 32996642 DOI: 10.1111/jan.14569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Identify the prevalence of circadian health disorders in ICU and hospitalized patients. Stablish the relationship of the circadian system with light, temperature, noise and nursing activities. BACKGROUND Commonly, self-assessment through subjective questionnaires is used for research about sleep quality. However, more reliable and valid measures should be applied objectively to find out the real prevalence of the problem. There is a negative relationship between circadian rhythms and hospitalization. In this study, we will analyse sleep patterns and hospital environments to implement measures to improve the quality of care related to sleep. DESIGN Descriptive observational study. It is estimated that 975 patients from 13 hospitals need to be recruited from ICU and hospitalization units. The sample should meet the following criteria: Patients over 18 admitted to ICU and medical units, length of stay between 96-148 hr, with no visual, hearing or moderate-severe cognitive impairment. Variables: Sleep variables are collected with an electronic device (named Kronowise® and Kronobed®), circadian and infrared light exposure, environmental noise, temperature, unit structural characteristics, nursing care (from 0 to 6 a.m.) and, characteristics of hospitalization period. The study, registered on Clinical Trials, initiated in December 2019 and it will continue up to December 2022. DISCUSSION Using objective and subjective measures of sleep and circadian rhythms, this study will shed light on the factors that negatively affect the hospitalized patients' sleep quality and circadian health. The ultimate goal is to design hospital guidelines to minimize the adverse effects on the dependent variables studied. Arguably, these guidelines will contribute to reducing the risk of these alterations and it will also serve to improve the nursing activities. CONCLUSION We expect to obtain adequate results for the creation of a protocol to improve the circadian health, quality of care and health outcomes related to sleep in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Padilla-Martínez
- Nursing School, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Murcia Health Service (Emergencies), Murcia, Spain
| | - Eva Abad-Corpa
- University of Murcia-Murcia Health Service (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain.,Nursing and Healthcare Research Unit (Investén-isciii), Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Research Center for Fragility and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Gea-Sánchez
- Biomedical Research Center for Fragility and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain.,Grup d'Estudis Societat, Salut, GESEC, Deparment of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain.,Grup de Recerca de Cures en Salut, GRECS, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica, Lleida, Spain
| | | | - María A Rol-de Lama
- Biomedical Research Center for Fragility and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain.,Chronobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, University of Murcia, Mare Nostrum Campus.IUIE. IMIB - Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan A Madrid-Pérez
- Biomedical Research Center for Fragility and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain.,Chronobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, University of Murcia, Mare Nostrum Campus.IUIE. IMIB - Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - María T Moreno-Casbas
- Nursing and Healthcare Research Unit (Investén-isciii), Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Research Center for Fragility and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
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Xiong W, Hao Y, Han L, Wang M, He J. Associations between birth season and the anatomic subsites of gastric cancer in Beijing, China. Chronobiol Int 2020; 37:1636-1643. [PMID: 32951479 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1792481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Birth season is an important risk factor for several cancers; for example, anatomic subsite risk factors for gastric cancer differ substantially by when patients were born. In this population-based retrospective study, we explored the relationship between birth season and gastric cancer of different anatomical sites, focusing on gastric cancer patients who were registered at the Beijing Institute for Cancer Research from 2003 to 2012. In total, 19,668 patients were divided into three groups according to the anatomical site of the primary lesion: cardia (n = 3911), noncardia (n = 5383) and unknown (n = 10,374). The 5383 patients in the noncardia group were further subdivided into the following subgroups: fundus (n = 455), corpus (n = 902), greater curvature (n = 110), lesser curvature (n = 512), antrum (n = 2635), pylorus (n = 106) and overlapping (n = 663). Finally, all gastric cancer cases, the three major groups, and the seven noncardia subgroups were, respectively, compared with inpatients from the Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing from 2003 to 2013. A logistic regression method with sex and age as control factors was used to evaluate the relationship between birth season and gastric cancer with the level for statistical significance set at P < .05. Taking winter as the reference season, we found people born in summer had a lower probability of developing gastric cancer (summer: odds ratio [OR] = 0.925, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.875-0.978, P = .006). Among the three groups, the noncardia group had the lower probability of birth season being spring or summer (spring: OR = 0.917, 95% CI = 0.843-0.997, P = .042; summer: OR = 0.883, 95% CI = 0.810-0.962, P = .004), but the cardia and unknown anatomical groups showed no statistical significance for season of birth (P > .05). Among the seven subgroups, those born in summer were less likely to develop gastric cancer in the antrum and lesser curvature than those born in winter (antrum: OR = 0.861, 95% CI = 0.766-0.968, P = .012; lesser curvature: OR = 0.746, 95% CI = 0.579-0.961, P = .023); the other subgroups showed no significant differences by season of birth (P > .05). This study demonstrated that gastric cancer is related to birth season. For people born in summer, the risk of developing gastric cancer was comparatively lower than for people born in winter. Seasonal differences in immune function and maternal nutrition status during pregnancy may explain these findings; however, further large-scale prospective studies will be required to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Xiong
- Preclinical School of Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing, China
| | - Yu Hao
- Preclinical School of Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing, China
| | - Ling Han
- Preclinical School of Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing, China
| | - Mengqi Wang
- Preclinical School of Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing, China
| | - Juan He
- Preclinical School of Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing, China
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39
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Reiter RJ, Rosales-Corral S, Sharma R. Circadian disruption, melatonin rhythm perturbations and their contributions to chaotic physiology. Adv Med Sci 2020; 65:394-402. [PMID: 32763813 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this report is to summarize the data documenting the vital nature of well-regulated cellular and organismal circadian rhythms, which are also reflected in a stable melatonin cycle, in supporting optimal health. Cellular fluctuations in physiology exist in most cells of multicellular organisms with their stability relying on the prevailing light:dark cycle, since it regulates, via specialized intrinsically-photoreceptive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGC) and the retinohypothalamic tract, the master circadian oscillator, i.e., the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN). The output message of the SCN, as determined by the light:dark cycle, is transferred to peripheral oscillators, so-called slave cellular oscillators, directly via the autonomic nervous system with its limited distribution. and indirectly via the pineal-derived circulating melatonin rhythm, which contacts every cell. Via its regulatory effects on the neuroendocrine system, particularly the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis, the SCN also has a major influence on the adrenal glucocorticoid rhythm which impacts neurological diseases and psychological behaviors. Moreover, the SCN regulates the circadian production and secretion of melatonin. When the central circadian oscillator is disturbed, such as by light at night, it passes misinformation to all organs in the body. When this occurs the physiology of cells becomes altered and normal cellular functions are compromised. This physiological upheaval is a precursor to pathologies. The deterioration of the SCN/pineal network is often a normal consequence of aging and its related diseases, but in today's societies where manufactured light is becoming progressively more common worldwide, the associated pathologies may also be occurring at an earlier age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Sergio Rosales-Corral
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Ramaswamy Sharma
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health, San Antonio, TX, USA
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40
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Rubiño JA, Gamundí A, Akaarir M, Canellas F, Rial R, Nicolau MC. Bright Light Therapy and Circadian Cycles in Institutionalized Elders. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:359. [PMID: 32435176 PMCID: PMC7218138 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bright light therapy has been found to be an efficient method to improve the main parameters of circadian rhythms. However, institutionalized elders may suffer reduced exposure to diurnal light, which may impair their circadian rhythms, cognitive performance, and general health status. OBJECTIVES To analyze the effects of 5 days of morning exposure for 90 min to bright light therapy (BLT) applied to institutionalized elderly subjects with mild/moderate cognitive impairment. SUBJECTS Thirty-seven institutionalized subjects of both sexes, aged 70-93 years. METHODS The study lasted three consecutive weeks. During the second week the subjects were submitted to BLT (7000-10,000 lux at eye level) on a daily basis. Cognition, attention, and sleep quality were evaluated at the beginning of the first and third week. Circadian variables were recorded continuously throughout the 3 weeks. Non-invasive holders and validated tests were used to analyze the variables studied. RESULTS After BLT we have found significant improvements in general cognitive capabilities, sleep quality and in the main parameters of the subject's circadian rhythms. The results show that merely 90 min of BLT for five days seems to achieve a significant improvement in a constellation of circadian, sleep, health, and cognitive factors. CONCLUSION Bright light therapy is an affordable, effective, fast-acting therapy for age-related disturbances, with many advantages over pharmacological alternatives. We hypothesize these effects were the result of activating the residual activity of their presumably weakened circadian system.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A. Rubiño
- Laboratori de Neurofisiologia del Son i Ritmes Biològics, Institut d’Investigació Sanitária Illes Balears (IDISBA), Universitat Illes Balears (UIB), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Antoni Gamundí
- Laboratori de Neurofisiologia del Son i Ritmes Biològics, Institut d’Investigació Sanitária Illes Balears (IDISBA), Universitat Illes Balears (UIB), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Mourad Akaarir
- Laboratori de Neurofisiologia del Son i Ritmes Biològics, Institut d’Investigació Sanitária Illes Balears (IDISBA), Universitat Illes Balears (UIB), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Francesca Canellas
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitaria Illes Balears (IDISBA), Hospital Universitari Son Espases (HUSE), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Rubén Rial
- Laboratori de Neurofisiologia del Son i Ritmes Biològics, Institut d’Investigació Sanitária Illes Balears (IDISBA), Universitat Illes Balears (UIB), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - M. Cristina Nicolau
- Laboratori de Neurofisiologia del Son i Ritmes Biològics, Institut d’Investigació Sanitária Illes Balears (IDISBA), Universitat Illes Balears (UIB), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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41
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Effect of a chronotype-adjusted diet on weight loss effectiveness: A randomized clinical trial. Clin Nutr 2020; 39:1041-1048. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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42
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Melatonin Relations with Energy Metabolism as Possibly Involved in Fatal Mountain Road Traffic Accidents. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062184. [PMID: 32235717 PMCID: PMC7139848 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous results evidenced acute exposure to high altitude (HA) weakening the relation between daily melatonin cycle and the respiratory quotient. This review deals with the threat extreme environments pose on body time order, particularly concerning energy metabolism. Working at HA, at poles, or in space challenge our ancestral inborn body timing system. This conflict may also mark many aspects of our current lifestyle, involving shift work, rapid time zone crossing, and even prolonged office work in closed buildings. Misalignments between external and internal rhythms, in the short term, traduce into risk of mental and physical performance shortfalls, mood changes, quarrels, drug and alcohol abuse, failure to accomplish with the mission and, finally, high rates of fatal accidents. Relations of melatonin with energy metabolism being altered under a condition of hypoxia focused our attention on interactions of the indoleamine with redox state, as well as, with autonomic regulations. Individual tolerance/susceptibility to such interactions may hint at adequately dealing with body timing disorders under extreme conditions.
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Carmona P, Mendez N, Ili CG, Brebi P. The Role of Clock Genes in Fibrinolysis Regulation: Circadian Disturbance and Its Effect on Fibrinolytic Activity. Front Physiol 2020; 11:129. [PMID: 32231582 PMCID: PMC7083126 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The fibrinolytic system is critical during the onset of fibrinolysis, a fundamental mechanism for fibrin degradation. Both tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) trigger fibrinolysis, leading to proteolytic activation of plasminogen to plasmin and subsequently fibrin proteolysis. This system is regulated by several inhibitors; plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), the most studied, binds to and inactivates both tPA and uPA. Through the action of plasmin, this system regulates several physiological processes: embryogenesis, activation of inflammatory cells, cell proliferation and death, synaptic plasticity, wound healing, and others. The deregulated intervention of fibrinolysis in the pathophysiology of various diseases has been widely studied; findings of altered functioning have been reported in different chronic non-communicable diseases (NCD), reinforcing its pleiotropic character and the importance of its physiology and regulation. The evidence indicates that fundamental elements of the fibrinolytic system, such as tPA and PAI-1, show a circadian rhythm in their plasmatic levels and their gene expression are regulated by circadian system elements, known as clock genes – Bmal, Clock, Cry-, and accessory clock genes such as Rev-Erb and Ror. The disturbance in the molecular machinery of the clock by exposure to light during the night alters the natural light/dark cycle and causes disruption of the circadian rhythm. Such exposure affects the synchronization and functioning of peripheral clocks responsible for the expression of the components of the fibrinolytic system. So, this circadian disturbance could be critical in the pathophysiology of chronic diseases where this system has been found to be deregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Carmona
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Center for Excellence in Translational Medicine, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Natalia Mendez
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Carmen G Ili
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Center for Excellence in Translational Medicine, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Priscilla Brebi
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Center for Excellence in Translational Medicine, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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44
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Carriazo S, Ramos AM, Sanz AB, Sanchez-Niño MD, Kanbay M, Ortiz A. Chronodisruption: A Poorly Recognized Feature of CKD. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E151. [PMID: 32121234 PMCID: PMC7150823 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12030151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple physiological variables change over time in a predictable and repetitive manner, guided by molecular clocks that respond to external and internal clues and are coordinated by a central clock. The kidney is the site of one of the most active peripheral clocks. Biological rhythms, of which the best known are circadian rhythms, are required for normal physiology of the kidneys and other organs. Chronodisruption refers to the chronic disruption of circadian rhythms leading to disease. While there is evidence that circadian rhythms may be altered in kidney disease and that altered circadian rhythms may accelerate chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression, there is no comprehensive review on chronodisruption and chronodisruptors in CKD and its manifestations. Indeed, the term chronodisruption has been rarely applied to CKD despite chronodisruptors being potential therapeutic targets in CKD patients. We now discuss evidence for chronodisruption in CKD and the impact of chronodisruption on CKD manifestations, identify potential chronodisruptors, some of them uremic toxins, and their therapeutic implications, and discuss current unanswered questions on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sol Carriazo
- IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Department of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Fundacion Renal Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo-IRSIN, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.C.); (A.MR.); (A.BS.); (M.D.S.-N.)
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrián M Ramos
- IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Department of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Fundacion Renal Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo-IRSIN, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.C.); (A.MR.); (A.BS.); (M.D.S.-N.)
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana B Sanz
- IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Department of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Fundacion Renal Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo-IRSIN, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.C.); (A.MR.); (A.BS.); (M.D.S.-N.)
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Dolores Sanchez-Niño
- IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Department of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Fundacion Renal Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo-IRSIN, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.C.); (A.MR.); (A.BS.); (M.D.S.-N.)
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mehmet Kanbay
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, 34010 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Department of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Fundacion Renal Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo-IRSIN, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.C.); (A.MR.); (A.BS.); (M.D.S.-N.)
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Alligier M, Barrès R, Blaak EE, Boirie Y, Bouwman J, Brunault P, Campbell K, Clément K, Farooqi IS, Farpour-Lambert NJ, Frühbeck G, Goossens GH, Hager J, Halford JCG, Hauner H, Jacobi D, Julia C, Langin D, Natali A, Neovius M, Oppert JM, Pagotto U, Palmeira AL, Roche H, Rydén M, Scheen AJ, Simon C, Sorensen TIA, Tappy L, Yki-Järvinen H, Ziegler O, Laville M. OBEDIS Core Variables Project: European Expert Guidelines on a Minimal Core Set of Variables to Include in Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trials of Obesity Interventions. Obes Facts 2020; 13:1-28. [PMID: 31945762 PMCID: PMC7098277 DOI: 10.1159/000505342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneity of interindividual and intraindividual responses to interventions is often observed in randomized, controlled trials for obesity. To address the global epidemic of obesity and move toward more personalized treatment regimens, the global research community must come together to identify factors that may drive these heterogeneous responses to interventions. This project, called OBEDIS (OBEsity Diverse Interventions Sharing - focusing on dietary and other interventions), provides a set of European guidelines for a minimal set of variables to include in future clinical trials on obesity, regardless of the specific endpoints. Broad adoption of these guidelines will enable researchers to harmonize and merge data from multiple intervention studies, allowing stratification of patients according to precise phenotyping criteria which are measured using standardized methods. In this way, studies across Europe may be pooled for better prediction of individuals' responses to an intervention for obesity - ultimately leading to better patient care and improved obesity outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Alligier
- FCRIN/FORCE Network, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, Lyon, France
| | - Romain Barrès
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ellen E Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Yves Boirie
- University Clermont Auvergne, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clinical Nutrition Department, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jildau Bouwman
- TNO (Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research), Microbiology and Systems Biology, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Brunault
- Equipe de Liaison et de Soins en Addictologie, CHRU de Tours, and UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, and Qualipsy EE 1901, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Kristina Campbell
- KC Microbiome Communications Group, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Karine Clément
- Sorbonne University/INSERM, Nutrition and Obesities, Systemic Approaches Research Unit, and Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Nutrition Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - I Sadaf Farooqi
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nathalie J Farpour-Lambert
- Obesity Prevention and Care Program Contrepoids, Service of Therapeutic Education for Chronic Diseases, Department of Community Health, Primary Care and Emergency, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra & CIBEROBN, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gijs H Goossens
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jorg Hager
- Metabolic Phenotyping, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jason C G Halford
- Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Hans Hauner
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - David Jacobi
- L'Institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Chantal Julia
- Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center (CRESS), Inra, Cnam, Paris 13 University and Public Health Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, Bobigny, France
| | - Dominique Langin
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, I2MC, Inserm, Paul Sabatier University, and Department of Medical Biochemistry, Toulouse University Hospitals, Toulouse, France
| | - Andrea Natali
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Martin Neovius
- Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jean Michel Oppert
- Department of Nutrition, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital (AP-HP), Sorbonne University, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France
| | - Uberto Pagotto
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Policlinic S. Orsola, Endocrinology Unit, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio L Palmeira
- CIPER, PANO-SR, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Helen Roche
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, UCD Institute of Food & Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - André J Scheen
- Liège University, Division of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders, CHU Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Chantal Simon
- CarMen Laboratory, INSERM 1060, INRA 1397, University of Lyon, Oullins, France
| | - Thorkild I A Sorensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, and Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Luc Tappy
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hannele Yki-Järvinen
- University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, and Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olivier Ziegler
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Hôpital Brabois Adultes, CHRU de Nancy, Vandoeuvre Lès Nancy, France
| | - Martine Laville
- FCRIN/FORCE Network, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, Université de Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France,
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Vetter C. Circadian disruption: What do we actually mean? Eur J Neurosci 2020; 51:531-550. [PMID: 30402904 PMCID: PMC6504624 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The circadian system regulates physiology and behavior. Acute challenges to the system, such as those experienced when traveling across time zones, will eventually result in re-synchronization to local environmental time cues, but this re-synchronization is oftentimes accompanied by adverse short-term consequences. When such challenges are experienced chronically, adaptation may not be achieved, as for example in the case of rotating night shift workers. The transient and chronic disturbance of the circadian system is most frequently referred to as "circadian disruption", but many other terms have been proposed and used to refer to similar situations. It is now beyond doubt that the circadian system contributes to health and disease, emphasizing the need for clear terminology when describing challenges to the circadian system and their consequences. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of the terms used to describe disruption of the circadian system, discuss proposed quantifications of disruption in experimental and observational settings with a focus on human research, and highlight limitations and challenges of currently available tools. For circadian research to advance as a translational science, clear, operationalizable, and scalable quantifications of circadian disruption are key, as they will enable improved assessment and reproducibility of results, ideally ranging from mechanistic settings, including animal research, to large-scale randomized clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Vetter
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
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Molina-Carballo A, Jerez-Calero AE, Muñoz-Hoyos A. Possible Protective Role of Melatonin in Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Neurodevelopmental Pathologies. JOURNAL OF CHILD SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1716713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMelatonin, produced in every cell that possesses mitochondria, acts as an endogenous free radical scavenger, and improves energetic metabolism and immune function, by complex molecular crosstalk with other intracellular compounds. There is greatly increasing evidence regarding beneficial effects of acute and chronic administration of high melatonin doses, in infectious, developmental, and degenerative pathologies, as an endothelial cell and every cell protectant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Molina-Carballo
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Pediatric Neurology and Neurodevelopment, Clínico San Cecilio University Hospital, the Andalusian Health Service, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Emilio Jerez-Calero
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Pediatric Neurology and Neurodevelopment, Clínico San Cecilio University Hospital, the Andalusian Health Service, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Muñoz-Hoyos
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Pediatric Neurology and Neurodevelopment, Clínico San Cecilio University Hospital, the Andalusian Health Service, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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48
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Matyushkina E, Roy A, Rakhmanina A, Kholmogorova A. Occupational stress and burnout among healthcare professionals. СОВРЕМЕННАЯ ЗАРУБЕЖНАЯ ПСИХОЛОГИЯ 2020. [DOI: 10.17759/jmfp.2020090104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The article presents the data of modern foreign studies on occupational stress and burnout among medical workers. It gives an analysis of modern scientific discussions concerning the concept of burnout and the search for criteria for its differentiation from other similar psychoemotional and physiological states. Special emphasis is placed on data on the extremely high risk of professional burnout among emergency medical workers. Recent studies of the level of burnout among physicians are presented as containing the information about increase of these indicators in the modern healthcare system in different countries. The analysis of the latest data on extremely serious consequences of burnout for the mental and physical health of physicians is also introduced. A review of modern diagnostic methods, as well as professional, psychological, organizational and social factors of a steady increase in the level of professional burnout, including continuous intensification of work and the introduction of new electronic systems for maintaining medical records, is given. The necessity of developing and implementing methods for the prevention of professional burnout in modern medicine is substantiated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A.P. Roy
- The N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Emergency medicine
| | - A.A. Rakhmanina
- The N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Emergency medicine
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49
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Gottlieb JF, Benedetti F, Geoffroy PA, Henriksen TEG, Lam RW, Murray G, Phelps J, Sit D, Swartz HA, Crowe M, Etain B, Frank E, Goel N, Haarman BCM, Inder M, Kallestad H, Jae Kim S, Martiny K, Meesters Y, Porter R, Riemersma-van der Lek RF, Ritter PS, Schulte PFJ, Scott J, Wu JC, Yu X, Chen S. The chronotherapeutic treatment of bipolar disorders: A systematic review and practice recommendations from the ISBD task force on chronotherapy and chronobiology. Bipolar Disord 2019; 21:741-773. [PMID: 31609530 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To systematically review the literature on the efficacy and tolerability of the major chronotherapeutic treatments of bipolar disorders (BD)-bright light therapy (LT), dark therapy (DT), treatments utilizing sleep deprivation (SD), melatonergic agonists (MA), interpersonal social rhythm therapy (IPSRT), and cognitive behavioral therapy adapted for BD (CBTI-BP)-and propose treatment recommendations based on a synthesis of the evidence. METHODS PRISMA-based systematic review of the literature. RESULTS The acute antidepressant (AD) efficacy of LT was supported by several open-label studies, three randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and one pseudorandomized controlled trial. SD showed rapid, acute AD response rates of 43.9%, 59.3%, and 59.4% in eight case series, 11 uncontrolled, studies, and one RCT, respectively. Adjunctive DT obtained significant, rapid anti-manic results in one RCT and one controlled study. The seven studies on MA yielded very limited data on acute antidepressant activity, conflicting evidence of both antimanic and maintenance efficacy, and support from two case series of improved sleep in both acute and euthymic states. IPSRT monotherapy for bipolar II depression had acute response rates of 41%, 67%, and 67.4% in two open studies and one RCT, respectively; as adjunctive therapy for bipolar depression in one RCT, and efficacy in reducing relapse in two RCTs. Among euthymic BD subjects with insomnia, a single RCT found CBTI-BP effective in delaying manic relapse and improving sleep. Chronotherapies were generally safe and well-tolerated. CONCLUSIONS The outcome literature on the adjunctive use of chronotherapeutic treatments for BP is variable, with evidence bases that differ in size, study quality, level of evidence, and non-standardized treatment protocols. Evidence-informed practice recommendations are offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Gottlieb
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Chicago Psychiatry Associates, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Pierre A Geoffroy
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictive Medicine, University Hospital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France.,Paris Diderot University - Paris VII, Paris, France
| | - Tone E G Henriksen
- Faculty of Medicine, Section for Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Faculty of Psychology, Bergen Stress and Sleep Group, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Valen Hospital, Fonna Health Authority, Division of Mental Health Care, Valen, Norway
| | - Raymond W Lam
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Greg Murray
- Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Dorothy Sit
- Asher Center for the Study and Treatment of Depressive Disorders, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Holly A Swartz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Marie Crowe
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Bruno Etain
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Universite Paris Diderot UFR de Medecine, Paris, France
| | - Ellen Frank
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Namni Goel
- Department of Psychiatry Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bartholomeus C M Haarman
- Department of Psychiatry Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maree Inder
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Håvard Kallestad
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Division of Psychiatry, Department of Research and Development, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Seong Jae Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Doeun Hospital, Jincheon, Korea
| | - Klaus Martiny
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Kobenhavns, Denmark
| | - Ybe Meesters
- Department of Psychiatry Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Porter
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand.,Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Rixt F Riemersma-van der Lek
- Department of Psychiatry Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Philipp S Ritter
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitatsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Jan Scott
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Public Mental Health, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Shenghao Chen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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50
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Carmona P, Pérez B, Trujillo C, Espinosa G, Miranda F, Mendez N, Torres-Farfan C, Richter HG, Vergara K, Brebi P, Sarmiento J. Long-Term Effects of Altered Photoperiod During Pregnancy on Liver Gene Expression of the Progeny. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1377. [PMID: 31824324 PMCID: PMC6883370 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental and epidemiological studies have revealed a relationship between an adverse intrauterine environment and chronic non-communicable disease (NCD) like cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adulthood. An important risk factor for CVD is the deregulation of the fibrinolytic system particularly high levels of expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (Pai-1). Chronic exposure to altered photoperiod disrupts the circadian organization of physiology in the pregnant female, known as gestational chronodisruption, and cause long-term effects on the adult offspring's circadian physiology. The Pai-1 expression is regulated by the molecular components of the circadian system, termed clock genes. The present study aimed to evaluate the long-term effects of chronic photoperiod shifts (CPS) during pregnancy on the expression of the clock genes and the fibrinolytic system in the liver of adult male offspring. Our results using an animal model demonstrated statistically significant differences at the transcriptional level in males gestated under CPS. At 90 days of postnatal age, the liver transcript levels of the clock gene Bmal1 were downregulated, whereas Rorα, Rorγ, Nfil3, and Pai-1 were upregulated. Our data indicate that CPS during pregnancy affects gene expression in the liver of male adult progeny, showing that alteration of the photoperiod in the mother's environment leads to persistent effects in the offspring. In conclusion, these results reveal for the first time the long-term effects of gestational chronodisruption on the transcriptional activity of one well-established risk factor associated with CVD in the adult male offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Carmona
- Laboratorio de Cronoinmunología, Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Bárbara Pérez
- Laboratorio de Cronoinmunología, Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Carlos Trujillo
- Laboratorio de Cronoinmunología, Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Gabriel Espinosa
- Laboratorio de Cronoinmunología, Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Fernando Miranda
- Laboratorio de Cronoinmunología, Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Natalia Mendez
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Claudia Torres-Farfan
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Hans G. Richter
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Karina Vergara
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Priscilla Brebi
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - José Sarmiento
- Laboratorio de Cronoinmunología, Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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