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Dugandzic R, Konstantelos N, Yu Y, Lavigne E, Srugo S, Lang JJ, Larsen K, Pollock T, Villeneuve P, Thomson EM, MacPherson M, Dales R, Cakmak S. Associations between paediatric obesity, chemical mixtures and environmental factors, in a national cross-sectional study of Canadian children. Pediatr Obes 2024; 19:e13117. [PMID: 38872449 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.13117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whilst single chemical exposures are suspected to be obesogenic, the combined role of chemical mixtures in paediatric obesity is not well understood. OBJECTIVES We aimed to evaluate the potential associations between chemical mixtures and obesity in a population-based sample of Canadian children. METHODS We ascertained biomonitoring and health data for children aged 3-11 from the cross-sectional Canadian Health Measures Survey from 2007 to 2019. Several chemicals of interest were measured in blood or urine and paediatric obesity was defined based on measured anthropometrics. Using quantile-based G computational analysis, we quantified the effects of three chemical mixtures selected a priori. Models were adjusted for sociodemographic and environmental factors identified through a directed acyclic graph. Results are presented through adjusted relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). RESULTS We included 9147 children. Of these, 24.1% were overweight or obese. Exposure to the mixture of bisphenol A, acrylamide, glycidamide, metals, parabens and arsenic increased the risk of childhood overweight or obesity by 45% (95% CI 1.09, 1.93), obesity by 109% (95% CI 1.27, 3.42) and central obesity by 82% (95% CI 1.30, 2.56). CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the role of early childhood chemical exposures in paediatric obesity and the potential combined effects of chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Dugandzic
- Office of Environmental Health, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Natalia Konstantelos
- Office of Environmental Health, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yamei Yu
- Office of Environmental Health, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric Lavigne
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sebastian Srugo
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Justin J Lang
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kristian Larsen
- Office of Environmental Health, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Geography and Planning, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tyler Pollock
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul Villeneuve
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Errol M Thomson
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Robert Dales
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sabit Cakmak
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Madrigal-Santillán E, Portillo-Reyes J, Morales-González JA, Garcia-Melo LF, Serra-Pérez E, Vidović K, Sánchez-Gutiérrez M, Álvarez-González I, Madrigal-Bujaidar E. Evaluation of the Antigenotoxic Potential of Two Types of Chayote ( Sechium edule) Juices. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2132. [PMID: 39124250 PMCID: PMC11314257 DOI: 10.3390/plants13152132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Sechium edule (Jacq.) Swartz is a perennial herbaceous climbing plant with tendrils and tuberous roots belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family. Its fruits ("chayote"), stems, roots, and leaves are edible and are commonly ingested by humans. It has shown medicinal properties attributed to its bioactive compounds (vitamins, phenolic acids, flavonoids, carotenoids, triterpenoids, polyphenolic compounds, phytosterols, and cucurbitacins), which together have been associated with the control and prevention of chronic and infectious diseases, highlighting its antibacterial, anti-cardiovascular/antihypertensive, antiepileptic, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antiproliferative, and antioxidant activities. The objective of the study was to determine the antigenotoxic potential of two types of fresh chayote juice (filtered (FChJ) and unfiltered (UFChJ)) against DNA damage produced by benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) using an in vivo mouse peripheral blood micronucleus assay (MN). The juices were consumed freely for 2 weeks. A negative control, a control group of each juice, a positive batch [B[a]P], and two combined batches (B[a]P plus FChJ or UFChJ) were included. Blood smears were stained and observed under a microscope to quantify the number of micronucleated normochromic erythrocytes (MNNEs). The results indicate: (a) B[a]P increased the frequency of MNNEs and reduced the rate of PEs; and (b) no juice produced toxic effects or induced MN. On the contrary, both juices were genoprotective. However, the most significant effect was presented by UFChJ at the end of the experiment (70%). It is suggested that UFChJ has a greater amount of fiber and/or phytochemicals that favor the therapeutic effect. Possibly, the genoprotection is also related to its antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Madrigal-Santillán
- Unidad Casco de Santo Tomas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Ciudad de Mexico 11340, Mexico; (J.P.-R.); (J.A.M.-G.)
| | - Jacqueline Portillo-Reyes
- Unidad Casco de Santo Tomas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Ciudad de Mexico 11340, Mexico; (J.P.-R.); (J.A.M.-G.)
| | - José A. Morales-González
- Unidad Casco de Santo Tomas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Ciudad de Mexico 11340, Mexico; (J.P.-R.); (J.A.M.-G.)
| | - Luis F. Garcia-Melo
- Laboratorio de Nanotecnología e Ingeniería Molecular, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de Mexico 09340, Mexico;
| | - Estrella Serra-Pérez
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Kristijan Vidović
- National Institute of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Manuel Sánchez-Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca de Soto 42080, Mexico;
| | - Isela Álvarez-González
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional A. López Mateos, Ciudad de Mexico 07738, Mexico; (I.Á.-G.); (E.M.-B.)
| | - Eduardo Madrigal-Bujaidar
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional A. López Mateos, Ciudad de Mexico 07738, Mexico; (I.Á.-G.); (E.M.-B.)
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Li X, Huang M, Xiao J, Duan C, Chen Q, Xiao S, Tu H, Zhang JJ. Transition of cooking fuels and obesity risk in Chinese adults. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 190:108856. [PMID: 38970981 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since 1990 s, China has witnessed a widespread transition to clean cooking fuels, presenting an opportunity to investigate whether household fuel transition could mitigate obesity risk and reconcile inconsistencies in the literature regarding the association between cooking fuels and obesity. METHODS The China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) is a prospective cohort study covering 12 provinces of China (1989-2015). Participants were classified into persistent cleaner fuel users, fuel transitioners, and persistent polluting fuel users according to self-reported primary cooking fuels. Obesity and central obesity were defined as BMI ≥ 28.0 kg/m2 and waist circumference ≥ 90 cm in men and ≥ 85 cm in women according to Chinese criteria. FINDINGS Among 13,032 participants, 3657 (28.06 %) were persistent cleaner fuel users; 5264 (40.39 %) transitioned from using polluting fuels to cleaner fuels after the baseline survey; and 4111 (31.55 %) were persistent polluting fuel users. During the period of follow-up of 9.0 ± 6.8 years, 1248 (9.58 %) participants were classified into the obesity category, and 4703 (36.09 %) into the central obesity category. Persistent polluting fuel users had a significantly higher risk of developing obesity (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.45, 95 %CI: 1.22-1.72) and central obesity (HR: 1.32, 95 %CI: 1.21-1.44), compared to persistent cleaner fuel users. Persistent polluting fuel use was positively associated with developing obesity in women (HR: 1.64, 95 %CI: 1.30-2.06), but not in men. Subgroup analyses showed higher HR of persistent polluting fuel use among individuals aged 18-44 years (HR: 2.04, 95 %CI: 1.62-2.56). In contrast, the transitioners did not exhibit a significantly different risk of developing obesity (HR: 0.94, 95 %CI: 0.80-1.10) compared to persistent cleaner fuel users, which was consistent across different sex, age and urbanicity. Similar trends were observed for developing central obesity. INTERPRETATION Persistent polluting fuel use increased obesity risk while the obesity risk of the transition to cleaner fuels was similar to persistent use of cleaner fuels. The finding underscores the significance of advocating for the adoption of cleaner fuels as a strategy to mitigate the disease burden associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Li
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Miaoling Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jianpeng Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chongyang Duan
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shu Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hongwei Tu
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Junfeng Jim Zhang
- Nicholas School of the Environment & Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Lepe A, Muhamed TAS, Reijneveld SA, de Kroon MLA. Mediation by parent health literacy and behaviour of socioeconomic inequality in child overweight. Pediatr Obes 2024:e13156. [PMID: 39075886 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.13156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Socioeconomic inequalities contribute to childhood overweight. Identifying mediators could help reduce these inequalities. OBJECTIVE We assessed to what extent and how parental health literacy and health behaviours mediate the relationship between parental socioeconomic status and childhood overweight. METHODS Data were taken from the multigenerational prospective Dutch Lifelines Cohort Study. We included 6683 children, baseline age 9.8 years (SD = 2.6), with an average follow-up of 36.2 months (SD = 9.3). Overweight was defined using age- and sex-specific cut-offs. Three indicators of socioeconomic status were included: education, income and occupation. We assessed the mediating role of parental health literacy and health behaviours (smoking, diet, physical activity and alcohol) using causal mediation. RESULTS Four additional years of education and an SD-increase in both income and occupation decreased the odds of childhood overweight by 42%, 12% and 20%, respectively. Only parental smoking independently mediated the relationship of both education (6.6%) and occupation (5.7%) with overweight. Parental health behaviours jointly explained 8.4% (education), 19.4% (income) and 9.8% (occupation) per relationship. Lastly, adding parental health literacy explained 10.8% (education), 27.4% (income) and 13.3% (occupation) of these relationships. CONCLUSIONS We found large socioeconomic inequalities in childhood overweight. Remarkably, parental smoking was a key mediator. Therefore, prevention targeting smoking may reduce socioeconomic inequalities in childhood overweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Lepe
- Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tamool A S Muhamed
- Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sijmen A Reijneveld
- Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marlou L A de Kroon
- Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Mallah MA, Hill JW, Neupane B, Ahmad MZ, Ali M, Bibi J, Akhtar MF, Naveed M, Zhang Q. Urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and adult obesity among the US population: NHANES 2003-2016. Clin Obes 2024:e12687. [PMID: 38965765 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are naturally occurring environmental pollutants that may contribute to obesity in the adult population. To investigate the relationship between the urinary concentrations of PAH metabolites and adult obesity among the US population, the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES, 2003-2016) was used as a data source for this study. As many as 4464 participants in the NHANES 2003-2016 were included in the final analyses. We used logistic regression to look at the link between urinary PAH metabolites and obesity, using odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The study sample comprised 4464 individuals aged ≥18 years, 2199 were male and 2265 were female. The study characteristics for four different quartiles were analyzed, and the average ages of the four urinary PAH quartiles were 49.61 ± 20.01, 46.63 ± 20.33, 44.28 ± 19.19, and 43.27 ± 17.68 years, respectively. In the quartile analysis of all participants, the third quartile was significantly associated with an increased prevalence of obesity (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.12-1.59) with p-values <.05. In addition, females, but not males, had a strong link between the second, third, and fourth quartiles of urinary PAH and a higher risk of obesity (OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.00-1.61; OR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.19-1.94; and OR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.09-1.78). In conclusion, the study observed that urinary PAH metabolites were associated with the prevalence of obesity among the US population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer W Hill
- College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Bidusha Neupane
- Transcultural Psychosocial Organization Nepal (TPO Nepal), Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Muhammad Zia Ahmad
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Mukhtiar Ali
- Faculty of Science, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science & Technology, Nawab Shah, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Jannat Bibi
- School of Physical Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Muhammad Furqan Akhtar
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Qiao Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Ye C, Liu Y, He Z, Huang W, Chen G, Peng T, Li K. Urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites and hyperlipidemia: NHANES 2007-2016. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:160. [PMID: 38802874 PMCID: PMC11131247 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02153-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationships between urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolites and hyperlipidemia have not been thoroughly studied. The primary goal of this research focused on investigating the linkage between PAH metabolite concentrations in urine and hyperlipidemia prevalence within US adults. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from the 2007-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Logistic regression models were used to assess correlations between urinary PAH metabolite levels and the risk of hyperlipidemia, while restricted cubic spline models were used to examine dose‒response relationships. Subgroup and interaction analyses were performed to further elucidate these associations. Weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression analyzed the cumulative impact of various urinary PAH metabolites on hyperlipidemia risk. RESULTS This study included 7,030 participants. Notably, individuals in the highest quintile of urinary PAH metabolite concentrations exhibited a significantly elevated prevalence of hyperlipidemia, even after comprehensive adjustments (odds ratio [OR]: 1.33, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01-1.75). Moreover, elevated levels of 1-hydroxyphenanthrene and 2-hydroxynaphthalene in the fourth quintile and 2-hydroxyfluorene in the third, fourth, and fifth quintiles demonstrated positive correlations with the prevalence of hyperlipidemia. These associations persisted across subgroup analyses. Additionally, a positive correlation between the urinary PAH metabolite mixture and hyperlipidemia (positive model: OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.00-1.09) was observed in the WQS model, and 2-hydroxynaphthalene showed the most substantial contribution. CONCLUSION The cross-sectional analysis identified a significant correlation between urinary PAH metabolite and hyperlipidemia prevalence within the US demographic, with 2-hydroxynaphthalene being the predominant influencer. These findings underscore the need to mitigate PAH exposure as a preventive measure for hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenle Ye
- Division of Gastroenterology, Institute of Digestive Disease of Guangzhou Medical University, Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, China
| | - Yuanrun Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Institute of Digestive Disease of Guangzhou Medical University, Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, China
| | - Zhuoqi He
- Division of Gastroenterology, Institute of Digestive Disease of Guangzhou Medical University, Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, China
| | - Weikai Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Institute of Digestive Disease of Guangzhou Medical University, Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, China
| | - Guangzhan Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Institute of Digestive Disease of Guangzhou Medical University, Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, China
| | - Tieli Peng
- Division of Gastroenterology, Institute of Digestive Disease of Guangzhou Medical University, Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, China.
| | - Kaishu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, China.
- Institute of Digestive Disease of Guangzhou Medical University, Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, China.
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Liao D, Xiong S, An S, Tao L, Dai L, Tian Y, Chen W, He C, Xu P, Wu N, Liu X, Zhang H, Hu Z, Deng M, Liu Y, Li Q, Shang X, Shen X, Zhou Y. Association of urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites with gestational diabetes mellitus and gestational hypertension among pregnant women in Southwest China: A cross-sectional study. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 343:123206. [PMID: 38145636 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
The association of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and gestational hypertension during pregnancy has not yet been established. To investigate the association between PAH exposure and GDM and gestational hypertension, we conducted a cross-sectional study of 4206 pregnant women from the Zunyi birth cohort in southwestern China. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was used to detect the urinary levels of 10 monohydroxylated PAHs (OH-PAHs). GDM and gestational hypertension were diagnosed and the relevant information was documented by specialist obstetricians and gynecologists. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline regression were employed to investigate their single and nonlinear associations. Stratified analyses of pregnancy and body mass index data were conducted to determine their moderating effects on the abovementioned associations. Compared with the first quartile of urinary ∑OH-PAHs, the third or fourth quartile in all study participants was associated with an increased risk of GDM (quartile 3: odds ratio [OR] = 1.35, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03-1.77) and gestational hypertension (quartile 3: OR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.26-2.81; quartile 4: OR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.04-2.39), respectively. Nonlinear associations of 1-OH-PYR with GDM (cutoff level: 0.02 μg/g creatinine [Cr]) and 1-OH-PHE with gestational hypertension (cutoff level: 0.06 μg/g Cr) were also observed. In pregnant women with overweight or obesity, 1-OH-PHE and 3-OH-PHE were more strongly associated with gestational hypertension. Our results indicate that exposure to PAH during pregnancy may significantly increase the maternal risks of GDM and gestational hypertension; however, this finding still needs to be confirmed through larger-scale prospective studies and biological evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengqing Liao
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Maternal & Child Health and Exposure Science of Guizhou Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Shimin Xiong
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Maternal & Child Health and Exposure Science of Guizhou Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Songlin An
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Maternal & Child Health and Exposure Science of Guizhou Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Lin Tao
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Maternal & Child Health and Exposure Science of Guizhou Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Lulu Dai
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Maternal & Child Health and Exposure Science of Guizhou Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Yingkuan Tian
- Medical Department, Xingyi People's Hospital, Xingyi, 562400, China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Maternal & Child Health and Exposure Science of Guizhou Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Caidie He
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Maternal & Child Health and Exposure Science of Guizhou Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Pei Xu
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Maternal & Child Health and Exposure Science of Guizhou Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Nian Wu
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Maternal & Child Health and Exposure Science of Guizhou Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Maternal & Child Health and Exposure Science of Guizhou Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Haonan Zhang
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Maternal & Child Health and Exposure Science of Guizhou Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Zhongmei Hu
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Maternal & Child Health and Exposure Science of Guizhou Higher Education Institutes, China; Reproductive Centre, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Mingyu Deng
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Maternal & Child Health and Exposure Science of Guizhou Higher Education Institutes, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Yijun Liu
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Maternal & Child Health and Exposure Science of Guizhou Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Quan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Xuejun Shang
- Department of Andrology, School of Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Xubo Shen
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Maternal & Child Health and Exposure Science of Guizhou Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Yuanzhong Zhou
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Maternal & Child Health and Exposure Science of Guizhou Higher Education Institutes, China.
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Serrano QA, Le Garf S, Martin V, Colson SS, Chevalier N. Is Physical Activity an Efficient Strategy to Control the Adverse Effects of Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Context of Obesity? A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:883. [PMID: 38255955 PMCID: PMC10815489 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity affects nearly 660 million adults worldwide and is known for its many comorbidities. Although the phenomenon of obesity is not fully understood, science regularly reveals new determinants of this pathology. Among them, persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have been recently highlighted. Mainly lipophilic, POPs are normally stored in adipose tissue and can lead to adverse metabolic effects when released into the bloodstream. The main objective of this narrative review is to discuss the different pathways by which physical activity may counteract POPs' adverse effects. The research that we carried out seems to indicate that physical activity could positively influence several pathways negatively influenced by POPs, such as insulin resistance, inflammation, lipid accumulation, adipogenesis, and gut microbiota dysbiosis, that are associated with the development of obesity. This review also indicates how, through the controlled mobilization of POPs, physical activity could be a valuable approach to reduce the concentration of POPs in the bloodstream. These findings suggest that physical activity should be used to counteract the adverse effects of POPs. However, future studies should accurately assess its impact in specific situations such as bariatric surgery, where weight loss promotes POPs' blood release.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vincent Martin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, AME2P, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 75005 Paris, France
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9
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Kim SH, Park MJ, Park SK. Urinary concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites and childhood obesity. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19335. [PMID: 37674840 PMCID: PMC10477474 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Existing literature provides limited information on the association between childhood obesity and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are potentially obesogenic. We examined the association between urinary concentrations of PAH metabolites and obesity in the Korean pediatric population. Methods We analyzed the data of 2286 children/adolescents aged 3-17 years who participated in the Korean National Environmental Health Survey between 2015 and 2017. Urinary concentrations of 2-naphthol, 2-hydroxyfluorene, 1-hydroxyphenanthrene, and 1-hydroxypyrene were assayed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Overweight/obesity was defined as a body mass index (BMI) for age ≥85th percentile. Multiple linear and logistic regression models were used to analyze the relationship of BMI z-score and overweight with urinary concentrations of PAH metabolites after adjusting for age, sex, household income, parental education level, physical activity, fast-food consumption, and environmental tobacco smoke exposure. Results BMI z-score was positively associated with 2-naphthol concentrations in children aged 6-11 and 12-17 years and with 1-hydroxypyrene concentrations in children aged 6-11 years. In the overall population, a significant rise in odds ratios for overweight/obesity across 2-naphthol quartiles was noted. Specifically, the 3rd and 4th quartiles displayed odds ratios of 1.39 [1.03, 1.88] and 1.46 [1.08, 1.99] respectively, compared to the 1st quartile (P-for-trend = 0.006). Similar associations between 2-naphthol and overweight/obesity status were observed in the 6-11- and 12-17-year age groups. There was little evidence of an association between overweight/obesity and other PAH hydroxy derivatives. Conclusions PAH exposure may be associated with increased childhood adiposity, a potential risk factor for adult obesity and adverse metabolic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Hye Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi Jung Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Kyun Park
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Liu C, Liu Q, Song S, Li W, Feng Y, Cong X, Ji Y, Li P. The association between internal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure and risk of Obesity-A systematic review with meta-analysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 329:138669. [PMID: 37059208 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is emerging as a risk factor for obesity, but with conflicting findings. The aim of this systematic review is to investigate and summarize the current evidence towards the associations between PAHs exposure and risk of obesity. We conducted a systematic search of online databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science up to April 28, 2022. Eight cross-sectional studies with data from 68,454 participants were included. The present study illustrated that there was a significant positive association between naphthalene (NAP), phenanthrene (PHEN), and total OH-PAH metabolites and risk of obesity, the pooled OR (95% CI) was estimated at 1.43 (1.07, 1.90), 1.54 (1.18, 2.02), and 2.29 (1.32, 3.99), respectively. However, there was no significant association between fluorene (FLUO) and1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) metabolite and risk of obesity. Subgroup analyses showed that associations between PAHs exposure and risk of obesity were more apparent in children, female, smokers and developing regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Qisijing Liu
- Research Institute of Public Health, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Shanjun Song
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China; National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Weixia Li
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Yuanyuan Feng
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Xiangru Cong
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Yaqin Ji
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Penghui Li
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China.
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11
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Rahman SM, Malin Igra A, Essig JY, Ekström EC, Dreij K, Trask M, Lindh C, Arifeen SE, Rahman A, Krais AM, Kippler M. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure during pregnancy and child anthropometry from birth to 10 years of age: Sex-specific evidence from a cohort study in rural Bangladesh. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 227:115787. [PMID: 36997043 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have endocrine disrupting properties and they cross the placental barrier, but studies on gestational exposure and child anthropometry are inconclusive. We aimed to elucidate the impact of early gestational PAH exposure on anthropometry from birth to 10 years of age in 1295 mother-child pairs from a nested sub-cohort of the MINIMat trial in Bangladesh. Several PAH metabolites [1-hydroxyphenanthrene (1-OH-Phe), Σ2-,3-hydroxyphenanthrene (Σ2-,3-OH-Phe), 4-hydroxyphenanthrene (4-OH-Phe), 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OH-Pyr), Σ2-,3-hydroxyfluorene (Σ2-,3-OH-Flu)] were quantified in spot urine collected around gestational week 8 using LC-MS/MS. Child weight and height were measured at 19 occasions from birth to 10 years. Multivariable-adjusted regression models were used to assess associations of maternal PAH metabolites (log2-transformed) with child anthropometry. The median concentration of 1-OH-Phe, Σ2-,3-OH-Phe, 4-OH-Phe, 1-OH-Pyr and Σ2-,3-OH-Flu was 1.5, 1.9, 0.14, 2.5, and 2.0 ng/mL, respectively. All maternal urinary PAH metabolites were positively associated with newborn weight and length and all associations were more pronounced in boys than in girls (p interaction for all <0.14). In boys, the strongest associations were observed with Σ2-,3-OH-Phe and Σ2-,3-OH-Flu for which each doubling increased mean birth weight by 41 g (95% CI: 13; 69 and 12; 70) and length by 0.23 cm (0.075; 0.39) and 0.21 cm (0.045; 0.37), respectively. Maternal urinary PAH metabolites were not associated with child anthropometry at 10 years. In longitudinal analysis, however, maternal urinary PAH metabolites were positively associated with boys' weight-for-age (WAZ) and height-for-age Z-scores (HAZ) from birth to 10 years, but only the association of 4-OH-Phe with HAZ was significant (B: 0.080 Z-scores; 95% CI 0.013, 0.15). No associations were observed with girls' WAZ or HAZ. In conclusion, gestational PAH exposure was positively associated with fetal and early childhood growth, especially in boys. Further studies are needed to confirm causality and to explore long-term health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Moshfiqur Rahman
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Julie Y Essig
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Kristian Dreij
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mercedes Trask
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christian Lindh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Shams El Arifeen
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Anisur Rahman
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Annette M Krais
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Kippler
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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12
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Jiang N, Bao WW, Gui ZH, Chen YC, Zhao Y, Huang S, Zhang YS, Liang JH, Pu XY, Huang SY, Dong GH, Chen YJ. Findings of indoor air pollution and childhood obesity in a cross-sectional study of Chinese schoolchildren. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 225:115611. [PMID: 36878271 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution exposures are increasingly suspected to influence the development of childhood adiposity, especially focusing on outdoor exposure, but few studies investigated indoor exposure and childhood obesity. OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine the association between exposure to multiple indoor air pollutants and childhood obesity in Chinese schoolchildren. METHODS In 2019, we recruited 6499 children aged 6-12 years from five Chinese elementary schools in Guangzhou, China. We measured age-sex-specific body mass index z score (z-BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) on standard procedures. Four different indoor air pollution (IAP) exposures, including cooking oil fumes (COFs), home decoration, secondhand smoke (SHS), and incense burning, were collected by questionnaire and then converted into an IAP exposure index with four categories. Association between indoor air pollutants and childhood overweight/obesity as well as four obese anthropometric indices were assessed by logistic regression models and multivariable linear regression models, respectively. RESULTS Children exposed to ≥3 types of indoor air pollutants had higher z-BMI (coefficient [β]:0.142, 95% confidence interval [CI]:0.011-0.274) and higher risk of overweight/obesity (odd ratio [OR]:1.27, 95%CI:1.01-1.60). And a dose-response relationship was discovered between the IAP exposure index and z-BMI as well as overweight/obesity (pfor trend<0.05). We also found that exposure to SHS and COFs was positively associated with z-BMI and overweight/obesity (p < 0.05). Moreover, there was a significant interaction between SHS exposure and COFs on the higher risk of overweight/obesity among schoolchildren. Boys appear more susceptible to multiple indoor air pollutants than girls. CONCLUSIONS Indoor air pollution exposures were positively associated with higher obese anthropometric indices and increased odds of overweight/obesity in Chinese schoolchildren. More well-designed cohort studies are needed to verify our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jiang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wen-Wen Bao
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhao-Huan Gui
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yi-Can Chen
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Shan Huang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yu-Shan Zhang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jing-Hong Liang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xue-Ya Pu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Shao-Yi Huang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Guang-Hui Dong
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ya-Jun Chen
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Sun Y, Kan Z, Zhang ZF, Song L, Jiang C, Wang J, Ma WL, Li YF, Wang L, Liu LY. Association of occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in workers with hypertension from a northeastern Chinese petrochemical industrial area. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 323:121266. [PMID: 36780976 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Elevated urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites have been linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, for petrochemical workers with potentially high PAH exposure, it remains largely unknown whether the link will be amplified. Thus, this work aimed to investigate 14 urinary mono-hydroxylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OH-PAHs) in 746 petrochemical workers working in a Chinese petrochemical industrial area and their association with the risk of hypertension using the binary logistic regression. Metabolites of naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene, and pyrene were frequently detected in the 746 urine samples analyzed (>98%), with Σ10OH-PAH concentration in the range of 0.906-358 ng/mL. 2-hydroxynaphthalene accounted for the largest proportion of ten detected OH-PAHs (60.8% of Σ10OH-PAHs). There were significant correlations between these metabolites and other factors, including gender, age, and body mass index. Diastolic blood pressure, not systolic blood pressure, was significant positively associated with the urinary Σ10OH-PAH concentrations of the petrochemical workers. Elevated urinary 2/3-OH-Flu was significantly associated with an increased risk of hypertension (adjusted odds ratio: 1.96, 95% confidence interval: 1.20-3.18, p = 0.007), suggesting that PAH exposure in petrochemical workers was a driving factor of hypertension. In the stratified analysis, the association was more pronounced in those who were overweight with older age. Although the PAH exposure risk in petrochemical workers based on the estimated daily intakes was relatively low. Given the long-term impact, we call attention to CVDs of petrochemical workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS)/International Joint Research Center for Arctic Environment and Ecosystem (IJRC-AEE), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Ze Kan
- Heilongjiang Institute of Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases/The Second Hospital of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150028, China
| | - Zi-Feng Zhang
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS)/International Joint Research Center for Arctic Environment and Ecosystem (IJRC-AEE), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Li Song
- Heilongjiang Institute of Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases/The Second Hospital of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150028, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- Heilongjiang Institute of Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases/The Second Hospital of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150028, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Heilongjiang Institute of Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases/The Second Hospital of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150028, China
| | - Wan-Li Ma
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS)/International Joint Research Center for Arctic Environment and Ecosystem (IJRC-AEE), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Yi-Fan Li
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS)/International Joint Research Center for Arctic Environment and Ecosystem (IJRC-AEE), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; IJRC-PTS-NA, Toronto, M2N 6X9, Canada
| | - Li Wang
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Li-Yan Liu
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS)/International Joint Research Center for Arctic Environment and Ecosystem (IJRC-AEE), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
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14
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Benzo[a]pyrene treatment modulates Nrf2/Keap1 axis and changes the metabolic profile in rat lung cancer. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 373:110373. [PMID: 36736873 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is an aggressive malignancy and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a polycyclic hydrocarbon, plays a pivotal role in lung carcinogenesis. Uncovering the molecular mechanism underlying the pathophysiology of B[a]P induced malignancy is crucial. Male Sprague Dawley rats were induced with B[a]P to generate a lung cancer model. The B[a]P administered rats show increased body and lung weight, loss of normal pulmonary architecture, and decreased survival. This study demonstrated that B[a]P upregulates activating transcription factor-6 (ATF6) and C/EBP Homologous Protein (CHOP) and induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. B[a]P also dysregulated mitochondrial homeostasis by upregulating, PTEN-induced putative kinase-1 (PINK1) and Parkin. B[a]P affected the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and increased oxidative stress. B[a]P exposure downregulated Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) and upregulated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and Heme oxygenase-1(HO1). The metabolomic study identified that biosynthesis of nucleotide, amino acids, pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), and glutathione metabolism were up-accumulated. On the other hand, lower accumulation of fatty acids e.g., palmitic acid, stearic acid, and oleic acid were reported in the B[a]P induced group. Overall, the results of this study indicate that B[a]P treatment affects several signaling and metabolic pathways, whose dysregulation might be involved in lung cancer induction.
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Mallah MA, Basnet TB, Ali M, Xie F, Li X, Feng F, Wang W, Shang P, Zhang Q. Association between urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites and diabetes mellitus among the US population: a cross-sectional study. Int Health 2023; 15:161-170. [PMID: 35751578 PMCID: PMC9977221 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihac029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The primary aim of this study is to examine the association between urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and diabetes mellitus (DM) among the US population. METHODS We used data from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey 2003-16, which is a nationally representative population-based survey of the US non-institutionalized population. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between urinary PAHs and the prevalence of DM using odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS The study sample including 13 792 individuals ≥18 y of age. The average ages of the three PAH tertiles were 42.56±19.67, 42.21±19.51 and 43.39±17.99 y. An increased risk of DM was found with increased odds for the second (OR 1.56 [95% CI 1.36 to 1.79]) and third tertile (OR 1.79 [95% CI 1.55 to 2.06)] of urinary PAH as compared with the first tertile. Similarly, higher chances of DM were observed in the second (men: OR 1.42 [95% CI 1.18 to 1.71]; women: OR 1.76 [95% CI 1.44 to 2.14]) and third tertile (men: OR 1.69 [95% CI 1.38 to 2.08]; women: OR 1.79 [95% CI 1.46 to 2.19]) of urinary PAHs as compared with the first tertile in both men and women. CONCLUSIONS A population-based cross-sectional study found a positive association between urinary PAHs and DM in the US population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manthar Ali Mallah
- Department of Toxicology and Occupational health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Til Bahadur Basnet
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Mukhtiar Ali
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science & Technology, Nawabshah 67480, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Fuwei Xie
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, CNTC, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, CNTC, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Feifei Feng
- Department of Toxicology and Occupational health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Toxicology and Occupational health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Pingping Shang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, CNTC, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Occupational health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Lu L, Ni R. Association between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure and hypertension among the U.S. adults in the NHANES 2003-2016: A cross-sectional study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 217:114907. [PMID: 36436553 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The global burden of hypertension, the major cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD) globally, remains unresolved. Exposure to PM2.5 has been linked to hypertension (HTN) in adults and the elderly globally according to previous studies. Nonetheless, evidence on the association of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure and HTN risk in the general adult population in the United States was limited. To investigate the relationship between PAH exposure and HTN in adults in the United States, cross-sectional data during 2003 and 2016 from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) on a stratified multistage random sample of the civilian non-institutionalized population were utilized. After eliminating individuals with incomplete information of interest, the final analysis contained 8951 subjects aged ≥20. In the multivariate logistic regression model, 1-hydroxynaphthalene and 2-hydroxyfluorene were found positively associated with increased risk of HTN among overall participants after adjusting for the covariates. 1-hydroxynaphthalene and 2-hydroxynaphthalene showed positive associations with HTN risk among overweight participants. In the Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) model, 1-hydroxynaphthalene and 2-hydroxyfluorene presented great importance to HTN risk among overall individuals. In the male subgroup analyses by BKMR, 2-hydroxyfluorene presented a positive effect on HTN risk when the remaining OH-PAHs were set at their 25th, 50th, and 75th percentile. Our findings highlight the complexities of estimating the risk of HTN associated with mixed PAH exposure, and additional longitudinal studies are required to determine the exact link between PAH exposure and HTN risk, as well as the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyi Lu
- Xuhui District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Rong Ni
- Xuhui District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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17
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Mlyczyńska E, Bongrani A, Rame C, Węgiel M, Maślanka A, Major P, Zarzycki P, Ducluzeau PH, De Luca A, Bourbao-Tournois C, Froment P, Rak A, Dupont J. Concentration of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Human Serum and Adipose Tissues and Stimulatory Effect of Naphthalene in Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021455. [PMID: 36674971 PMCID: PMC9861916 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are one of the most prevalent classes of environmental pollutants. Some evidence shows that PAHs could be involved in human obesity. However, little is known about the distribution patterns of PAHs in human adipose tissue (AT) and the role of PAHs on adipogenesis/lipogenesis. The aims of this pilot study were to determine concentrations of 16 PAHs defined as high-priority pollutants in the plasma and adipose tissue of French and Polish bariatric patients, as well as their correlation with body mass index (BMI), plasma and AT adipokines expression levels. We finally investigated the role of naphthalene on cell proliferation, viability, and differentiation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. The concentration of most PAHs was similar in the three types of AT and it was significantly higher in AT as compared to plasma, suggesting bioaccumulation. Polish patients had higher PAH levels in AT than French ones. Only the concentration of naphthalene in AT was positively correlated with the BMI and serum or adipose chemerin, adiponectin and resistin expression, in French but not in Polish patients, who had significantly higher BMIs. Moreover, naphthalene exposure increased the cell proliferation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and lipogenesis, and increased the expression of genes involved in adipogenesis after cell differentiation. Taken together, PAHs and more particularly naphthalene could be an obesogenic molecule and increase the risk of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Mlyczyńska
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9 Street, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Alice Bongrani
- INRAE UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France
- CNRS UMR 7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France
- Department of Animal Physiology, Université de Tours, 37041 Tours, France
| | - Christelle Rame
- INRAE UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France
- CNRS UMR 7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France
- Department of Animal Physiology, Université de Tours, 37041 Tours, France
| | - Małgorzata Węgiel
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24 Street, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
| | - Anna Maślanka
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24 Street, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
| | - Piotr Major
- 2nd Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Macieja Jakubowskiego 2 Street, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Piotr Zarzycki
- 2nd Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Macieja Jakubowskiego 2 Street, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Pierre-Henri Ducluzeau
- INRAE UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France
- CNRS UMR 7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France
- Department of Animal Physiology, Université de Tours, 37041 Tours, France
- CHRU of Tours, Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology and Nutrition, 37032 Tours, France
| | - Arnaud De Luca
- CHRU of Tours, Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology and Nutrition, 37032 Tours, France
- Nutrition, Growth and Cancer (N2C) UMR 1069, University of Tours, INSERM, 37032 Tours, France
| | | | - Pascal Froment
- INRAE UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France
- CNRS UMR 7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France
- Department of Animal Physiology, Université de Tours, 37041 Tours, France
| | - Agnieszka Rak
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9 Street, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Joëlle Dupont
- INRAE UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France
- CNRS UMR 7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France
- Department of Animal Physiology, Université de Tours, 37041 Tours, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-2-47-42-77-89; Fax: +33-2-47-42-77-43
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Miyamura K, Nawa N, Isumi A, Doi S, Ochi M, Fujiwara T. Impact of exposure to secondhand smoke on the risk of obesity in early adolescence. Pediatr Res 2023; 93:260-266. [PMID: 35963886 PMCID: PMC9375634 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-02231-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) might be associated with obesity in children. This study aimed to evaluate whether continuous, quit, or start exposure to SHS was associated with obesity risk in early adolescents. METHODS We used population-based longitudinal data of primary school students in Adachi City, Tokyo, Japan, in 2018 (4th grade) and 2020 (6th grade) and studied 3605 students. The association between continuous, quit, start, or never exposed to SHS from 4th to 6th grade and BMI categories (underweight or normal weight, overweight, obesity) in 6th grade was investigated using ordinal logistic regression models. RESULTS Continuous SHS group showed a higher risk of being in the high BMI category than no SHS group (OR = 1.51, 95% CI 1.16-1.96). The stratified analyses by sex showed a similar association in boys (OR = 1.74, 95% CI 1.25-2.44) but not in girls (OR = 1.14, 95% CI 0.74-1.76). Quitting SHS group did not show a higher risk of being in the high BMI category than no SHS group (OR = 1.11, 95% CI 0.75-1.66) and the same was true for boys (OR 1.46, 95% CI 0.88-2.41). CONCLUSIONS Continuous SHS was a risk factor for obesity in boys in early adolescence; however, quitting SHS may help prevent it. IMPACT Continuous secondhand smoke (SHS) was not associated with a higher risk of obesity in early adolescence in girls. Continuous SHS can be a risk factor for obesity in early adolescence in boys. Quitting SHS may help to prevent obesity in early adolescence in boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keitaro Miyamura
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutoshi Nawa
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aya Isumi
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satomi Doi
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manami Ochi
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Health and Welfare Services, National Institute of Public Health, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takeo Fujiwara
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Wang Y, Zhu L, James-Todd T, Sun Q. Urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon excretion and regional body fat distribution: evidence from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2016. Environ Health 2022; 21:75. [PMID: 35945606 PMCID: PMC9364531 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-022-00890-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are environmental pollutants that may contribute to the etiology of obesity. However, it is unclear whether PAHs from environmental sources are associated with regional body fat distribution, and whether the association varies across racial/ethnic groups who may have differential PAH exposure patterns. OBJECTIVES To examine correlations between PAHs and body fat distribution, and potential racial/ethnic differences among U.S. adults. METHODS Ten PAHs were measured in spot urine samples from 2691 non-smoking adults (age ≥ 20 years) in the NHANES 2001-2016. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure fat mass percent (FM%). Partial Pearson correlation coefficients (r) with multivariable adjustment were used to assess PAH-FM% associations. RESULTS In the total population, 1-naphthalene, 3-fluorene, and 1-pyrene were inversely correlated with total FM% or trunk FM% (adjusted r ranged: - 0.06 to - 0.08), while 2-naphthalene, 9-fluorene, and 4-phenanthrene were positively correlated with the FM% measurements (r: 0.07-0.11). PAH levels are highest among non-Hispanic Blacks, followed by Hispanics and Whites and some of the correlations were different by these races/ethnicities. Among non-Hispanic Whites, no PAH was correlated with FM%. In contrast, 9-fluorene was positively correlated with total FM% (r = 0.20) and trunk FM% (r = 0.22) among Blacks, and 4-phenanthrene was positively correlated with total FM% (r = 0.23) and trunk FM% (r = 0.24) among Hispanics (P-interaction: 0.010-0.025). DISCUSSION In this US adult population, certain PAHs are significantly associated with higher body fat contents among non-Hispanic Blacks and Hispanics but not non-Hispanic Whites, suggesting that minority groups might be particularly susceptible to PAH's obesogenic effects or the effects of other factors that determine the PAH exposure levels. Alternatively, differences in body composition may contribute to differential PAH metabolism in minority groups. Future studies are warranted to explore the racial/ethnic disparity in PAH exposures, drivers of these exposure differences, and mechanisms through which PAHs may influence body composition by races/ethnicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeli Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Lu Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Tamarra James-Todd
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Aaseth J, Javorac D, Djordjevic AB, Bulat Z, Skalny AV, Zaitseva IP, Aschner M, Tinkov AA. The Role of Persistent Organic Pollutants in Obesity: A Review of Laboratory and Epidemiological Studies. TOXICS 2022; 10:65. [PMID: 35202251 PMCID: PMC8877532 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10020065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are considered as potential obesogens that may affect adipose tissue development and functioning, thus promoting obesity. However, various POPs may have different mechanisms of action. The objective of the present review is to discuss the key mechanisms linking exposure to POPs to adipose tissue dysfunction and obesity. Laboratory data clearly demonstrate that the mechanisms associated with the interference of exposure to POPs with obesity include: (a) dysregulation of adipogenesis regulators (PPARγ and C/EBPα); (b) affinity and binding to nuclear receptors; (c) epigenetic effects; and/or (d) proinflammatory activity. Although in vivo data are generally corroborative of the in vitro results, studies in living organisms have shown that the impact of POPs on adipogenesis is affected by biological factors such as sex, age, and period of exposure. Epidemiological data demonstrate a significant association between exposure to POPs and obesity and obesity-associated metabolic disturbances (e.g., type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome), although the existing data are considered insufficient. In conclusion, both laboratory and epidemiological data underline the significant role of POPs as environmental obesogens. However, further studies are required to better characterize both the mechanisms and the dose/concentration-response effects of exposure to POPs in the development of obesity and other metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Aaseth
- Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, P.O. Box 104, 2381 Brumunddal, Norway
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 400, 2418 Elverum, Norway
| | - Dragana Javorac
- Department of Toxicology “Akademik Danilo Soldatović”, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.J.); (A.B.D.); (Z.B.)
| | - Aleksandra Buha Djordjevic
- Department of Toxicology “Akademik Danilo Soldatović”, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.J.); (A.B.D.); (Z.B.)
| | - Zorica Bulat
- Department of Toxicology “Akademik Danilo Soldatović”, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.J.); (A.B.D.); (Z.B.)
| | - Anatoly V. Skalny
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia;
- Department of Bioelementology, KG Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management, 109004 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina P. Zaitseva
- Laboratory of Ecobiomonitoring and Quality Control, Yaroslavl State University, 150003 Yaroslavl, Russia;
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
- Laboratory of Molecular Dietetics, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A. Tinkov
- Laboratory of Ecobiomonitoring and Quality Control, Yaroslavl State University, 150003 Yaroslavl, Russia;
- Laboratory of Molecular Dietetics, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia
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Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-induced oxidative stress in Shiraz, Iran: urinary levels, health risk assessment and mediation effect of MDA on the risk of metabolic syndromes. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2022; 95:1043-1058. [PMID: 34997324 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-021-01822-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been identified as carcinogenic and endocrine disrupter compounds that cause Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). Oxidative stress can lead to carcinogenesis and MetS in exposed people. Therefore, the relationship between urinary metabolite of PAH (OH-PAHs) level and the oxidative stress biomarker (Malondialdehyde) effect as the mediator in increasing the risk of MetS due to PAH exposure and risk assessment was investigated in Shiraz, Iran. METHODS The first morning void urinary and blood samples were obtained from participants and analyzed. Physical examinations and anthropometric measurements were performed on the day of sampling. An automatic biochemistry analyzer was used to measure the blood cells. The participants' socio-demographic information was gathered using a questionnaire and direct interviews with participants. RESULTS The MetS prevalence was 26%. Malondialdehyde could act as a mediator between exposure to 1-HydroxyPyrene and increase in fast blood sugar, exposure to 2-HydroxyNaphthalene and increase in systolic blood pressure and exposure to 2-HydroxyFluorene and increase in SBP. Hazard quotients varied from 0.009 to 14.92 in women, and from 0.005 to 8.43 for Fluorene and Naphthalene in men, respectively. The Hazard Indexes were greater than one meaning that the non-cancer health risk related to the PAH exposure could be identified in the participants. CONCLUSION Although oxidative stress has been suggested to lead to MetS and the high HI levels obtained in the current study, future researches are essential to achieve more reliable findings and monitoring the environmental influencing factors in PAH exposure.
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Hasan GMMA, Shaikh MAA, Satter MA, Hossain MS. Detection of indicator polychlorinated biphenyls (I-PCBs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in cow milk from selected areas of Dhaka, Bangladesh and potential human health risks assessment. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:1514-1522. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Mirzababaei A, Daneshzad E, Moradi S, Abaj F, Mehranfar S, Asbaghi O, Clark CCT, Mirzaei K. The association between urinary metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and cardiovascular diseases and blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:1712-1728. [PMID: 34699007 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17091-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although epidemiological studies have discerned the association between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) exposure and hypertension and/or cardiovascular disease in the general population, the possible mechanisms for this association are not well understood. We sought to examine the association between urinary metabolites of PAHs and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and blood pressure in adults, by conducting a meta-analysis of observational studies. We searched PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of science, up to July 2021, for observational studies that investigated the association between urinary metabolites of PAHs and CVDs and blood pressure in adults. Nine prospective studies, including 27,280 participants, were included. Based on overall pooled results, there was a significant positive association between all types of urinary metabolites of PAH and blood pressure (OR: 1.32; 95%, CI: 1.19 to 1.48, p < 0.0001) (I2 = 62.4%, p < 0.0001). There was no significant association between any urinary metabolite of PAH and CHD (OR: 0.93; 95%, CI: 0.83 to 1.03, p = 0.174) (I2 = 0%, p = 0.653). Overall, there was a significant positive association between all urinary metabolites of PAH and CVD (OR: 1.23; 95%, CI: 1.16 to 1.30, p < 0.0001) (I2 = 59.7%, p < 0.0001). The results of the present meta-analysis suggest that different metabolites PAHs are associated with an increased risk of CVD and HTN. Further studies, including randomized clinical trials, are needed to confirm the veracity of our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atieh Mirzababaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box: 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elnaz Daneshzad
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Faezeh Abaj
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box: 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanaz Mehranfar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box: 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Asbaghi
- Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Cain C T Clark
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, CV1 5FB, UK
| | - Khadijeh Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box: 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran.
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Shahsavani S, Fararouei M, Soveid M, Hoseini M, Dehghani M. The association between the urinary biomarkers of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and risk of metabolic syndromes and blood cell levels in adults in a Middle Eastern area. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2021; 19:1667-1680. [PMID: 34900297 PMCID: PMC8617240 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-021-00722-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Limited studies have been published on the association between the urinary biomarkers of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and risk of Metabolic Syndromes (MetS) and blood cell levels in adults in the Middle East. The present study aimed to evaluate the exposure to PAHs and the distribution of urinary OH-PAH levels in the general population of Shiraz, Iran, as well as, the association between OH-PAHs and the prevalence of MetS and blood cell levels. METHODS In this study, 200 participants were randomly selected from the adult population, and their first-morning void urine samples were collected. RESULTS The mean concentrations of 1-OHNap, 2-OHNap, 2-OHFlu, 9-OHPhe, and 1-OHP were 639.8, 332.1, 129, 160.3, and 726.9 ng/g creatinine, respectively. The prevalence of MetS was 26% according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) criteria. The results showed that urinary OH-PAHs, especially 1-OHP, were positively and significantly associated with higher waist circumstance (p < 0.001), triglyceride level (p < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (p < 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.001), number of white blood cells (p = 0.041) and red blood cells (p < 0.001). It also caused lower levels of High Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol (HDL-C). In conclusion, the results emphasized the adverse health effects of PAHs on human health, including obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and decreased number of blood cells. CONCLUSION Therefore, in order to identify the PAHs sources and to develop methods for decreasing the amount of emissions to the environment, broader researches are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Shahsavani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Fararouei
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Mahmood Soveid
- Endocrinology Research Center, Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hoseini
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Department of Environmental Health, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O.Box: 111, 71645, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mansooreh Dehghani
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O.Box: 111, 71645 Shiraz, Iran
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Heo YJ, Kim HS. Ambient air pollution and endocrinologic disorders in childhood. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2021; 26:158-170. [PMID: 34610703 PMCID: PMC8505042 DOI: 10.6065/apem.2142132.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ambient air pollution has been proposed as an important environmental risk factor that increases global mortality and morbidity. Over the past decade, several human and animal studies have reported an association between exposure to air pollution and altered metabolic and endocrine systems in children. However, the results for these studies were mixed and inconclusive and did not demonstrate causality because different outcomes were observed due to different study designs, exposure periods, and methodologies for exposure measurements. Current proposed mechanisms include altered immune response, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, inadequate placental development, and epigenetic modulation. In this review, we summarized the results of previous pediatric studies that reported effects of prenatal and postnatal air pollution exposure on childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus, obesity, insulin resistance, thyroid dysfunction, and timing of pubertal onset, along with underlying related mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Joung Heo
- Department of Pediatrics, Ewha Women’s University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae Soon Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Ewha Women’s University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Address for correspondence: Hae Soon Kim Department of Pediatrics, Ewha Women’s University College of Medicine, 260, Gonghang-daero, Gangseo-gu, Seoul 07804, Korea
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Schulz MC, Sargis RM. Inappropriately sweet: Environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals and the diabetes pandemic. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2021; 92:419-456. [PMID: 34452693 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Afflicting hundreds of millions of individuals globally, diabetes mellitus is a chronic disorder of energy metabolism characterized by hyperglycemia and other metabolic derangements that result in significant individual morbidity and mortality as well as substantial healthcare costs. Importantly, the impact of diabetes in the United States is not uniform across the population; rather, communities of color and those with low income are disproportionately affected. While excessive caloric intake, physical inactivity, and genetic susceptibility are undoubted contributors to diabetes risk, these factors alone fail to fully explain the rapid global rise in diabetes rates. Recently, environmental contaminants acting as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes. Indeed, burgeoning data from cell-based, animal, population, and even clinical studies now indicate that a variety of structurally distinct EDCs of both natural and synthetic origin have the capacity to alter insulin secretion and action as well as global glucose homeostasis. This chapter reviews the evidence linking EDCs to diabetes risk across this spectrum of evidence. It is hoped that improving our understanding of the environmental drivers of diabetes development will illuminate novel individual-level and policy interventions to mitigate the impact of this devastating condition on vulnerable communities and the population at large.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret C Schulz
- School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Robert M Sargis
- School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States.
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Capriotti M, Cocci P, Bracchetti L, Cottone E, Scandiffio R, Caprioli G, Sagratini G, Mosconi G, Bovolin P, Palermo FA. Microplastics and their associated organic pollutants from the coastal waters of the central Adriatic Sea (Italy): Investigation of adipogenic effects in vitro. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128090. [PMID: 33140724 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Even though microplastic (MP) pollution in aquatic environment is nowadays widely studied, a huge gap of knowledge exists on their actual biological effects. In this study we first reported environmental baseline data on the occurrence and characterization of floating MPs in Italian coastal waters of the Central Adriatic Sea by using a standardized monitoring protocol. Further, we analyzed the concentrations of MP-associated chemicals and evaluated their potential adipogenic effects using 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. MPs were found in each sampling stations showing the highest abundance (1.88 ± 1.78 items/m3) in the sites more distant from the coast with fragments as the most common shape category. All targeted organic pollutants (i.e. polychlorinated biphenyls - PCBs, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons -PAHs, organophosphorus - OP, and organochlorine - OC pesticides) have been detected on the surface of the collected MPs. The highest concentrations of PAHs were found on MPs from inshore (i.e. <1.5 NM) surface waters with low-ring PAHs as dominant components. Similarly, MPs from inshore waters had higher ΣPCB concentrations (64.72 ng/g plastic) than those found in offshore (i.e. >6 NM) waters (10.37 ng/g plastic). Among pesticides, all measured OPs were detected in each sample analyzed with pirimiphos-methyl as the most representative compound. For OCs, the sum of all concentrations of congeners was higher in coastal with respect to offshore waters. Moreover, in vitro 3T3-L1 screening of MP extracts indicated potential metabolic effects resulting in both adipogenesis and lipid uptake/storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Capriotti
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, 1080 Shennecossett Rd, Groton, CT, USA; School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Paolo Cocci
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Luca Bracchetti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Erika Cottone
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Torino, TO, Italy
| | - Rosaria Scandiffio
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Torino, TO, Italy
| | - Giovanni Caprioli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna Delle Carceri 9, 62032, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Gianni Sagratini
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna Delle Carceri 9, 62032, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Gilberto Mosconi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Patrizia Bovolin
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna Delle Carceri 9, 62032, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Francesco Alessandro Palermo
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032, Camerino, MC, Italy.
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Xu R, Pan L, Yang Y, Zhou Y, Li D. Temporal transcriptome analysis in female scallop Chlamys farreri: First molecular insights into the disturbing mechanism on lipid metabolism of reproductive-stage dependence under benzo[a]pyrene exposure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 746:142032. [PMID: 33027874 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are one of the most widespread persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in marine environment. Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), the most toxic carcinogen of PAHs, is widely studied as a representative that interferes with lipid metabolism. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of lipid metabolism by B[a]P interference towards bivalve, one of the marine-pollution bio-indicators have not been elucidated yet, especially during gonadal development which is closely associated with lipids. In this study, female scallops Chlamys farreri were cultured with natural and 4 μg/L B[a]P exposed seawater, respectively, and a multi-stage (proliferative, growth, mature, and spawn stage) ovarian transcriptome profiling was performed to decipher the reproductive stage-dependence disturbing mechanisms on lipid metabolism caused by B[a]P in bivalves. The results revealed the potential molecular mechanism of B[a]P-induced triglycerides (TGs) accumulation, which probably resulted from the collaboration of promoting synthesis and inhibiting metabolization of TGs, notably, this mechanism also occurred at spawn stage. Correspondingly, B[a]P and TGs contents measured in ovary offered direct biochemical evidences for the interference effects and stage-dependent accumulation patterns of B[a]P. Moreover, the gene expressions of fatty acids synthesis related enzymes were down-regulated cooperatively, illustrating the molecular compensatory mechanism that reduced susceptibility from oxidative damage. And these results further emphasized the important role of prostaglandins (PGs) in immune response mediated by arachidonic acid metabolism. In addition, this study explored the underlying molecular mechanism affected by B[a]P on sterol metabolism, which possibly posed a threat to normal reproductive functions in bivalves. Taken together, our findings filled the gap of the stage-dependent interference molecular mechanisms on lipid metabolism behind bivalves, and provided a new perspective for investigating the adaptive mechanisms of bivalves under POPs stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyi Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Luqing Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
| | - Yingying Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Yueyao Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Dongyu Li
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
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Potential role of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in air pollution-induced non-malignant respiratory diseases. Respir Res 2020; 21:299. [PMID: 33187512 PMCID: PMC7666487 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01563-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have found strong associations between air pollution and respiratory effects including development and/or exacerbation of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as well as increased occurrence of respiratory infections and lung cancer. It has become increasingly clear that also polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) may affect processes linked to non-malignant diseases in the airways. The aim of the present paper was to review epidemiological studies on associations between gas phase and particle-bound PAHs in ambient air and non-malignant respiratory diseases or closely related physiological processes, to assess whether PAH-exposure may explain some of the effects associated with air pollution. Based on experimental in vivo and in vitro studies, we also explore possible mechanisms for how different PAHs may contribute to such events. Epidemiological studies show strongest evidence for an association between PAHs and asthma development and respiratory function in children. This is supported by studies on prenatal and postnatal exposure. Exposure to PAHs in adults seems to be linked to respiratory functions, exacerbation of asthma and increased morbidity/mortality of obstructive lung diseases. However, available studies are few and weak. Notably, the PAHs measured in plasma/urine also represent other exposure routes than inhalation. Furthermore, the role of PAHs measured in air is difficult to disentangle from that of other air pollution components originating from combustion processes. Experimental studies show that PAHs may trigger various processes linked to non-malignant respiratory diseases. Physiological- and pathological responses include redox imbalance, oxidative stress, inflammation both from the innate and adaptive immune systems, smooth muscle constriction, epithelial- and endothelial dysfunction and dysregulated lung development. Such biological responses may at the molecular level be initiated by PAH-binding to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), but possibly also through interactions with beta-adrenergic receptors. In addition, reactive PAH metabolites or reactive oxygen species (ROS) may interfere directly with ion transporters and enzymes involved in signal transduction. Overall, the reviewed literature shows that respiratory effects of PAH-exposure in ambient air may extend beyond lung cancer. The relative importance of the specific PAHs ability to induce disease may differ between the biological endpoint in question.
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Bailey MJ, Naik NN, Wild LE, Patterson WB, Alderete TL. Exposure to air pollutants and the gut microbiota: a potential link between exposure, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. Gut Microbes 2020; 11:1188-1202. [PMID: 32347153 PMCID: PMC7524284 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1749754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Work has shown that increased exposure to air pollutants independently contributes to obesity and type 2 diabetes risk, yet the exact mechanisms underlying these associations have not been fully characterized. The current review summarizes recent findings regarding the impact of inhaled and ingested air pollutants on the gut microbiota. Animal and human studies provide evidence that air pollutants, such as particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, and ozone, have the potential to alter the gut microbiota. Further, studies suggest that such exposure-induced alterations to the gut microbiota may contribute to increased risk for obesity and type 2 diabetes through inflammatory pathways. Future work is needed to fully understand the complex interactions between air pollution, the gut microbiome, and human health. Additionally, advanced sequencing methods for gut microbiome research present unique opportunities to study the underlying pathways that link increased air pollution exposure with obesity and type 2 diabetes risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximillian J. Bailey
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Noopur N. Naik
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Laura E. Wild
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - William B. Patterson
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Tanya L. Alderete
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA,CONTACT Tanya L. Alderete University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Integrative Physiology, Ramaley Biology Building, 1800 Colorado Avenue, N379, Boulder, CO80309
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Urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in relation to anthropometric measures and pubertal development in a cohort of Northern California girls. Environ Epidemiol 2020; 4:e0102. [PMID: 32832841 PMCID: PMC7423521 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of ubiquitous, environmental chemicals that may have endocrine disrupting capabilities. We investigated whether childhood exposure to PAHs was associated with adiposity and pubertal timing in a longitudinal study of 404 girls enrolled in the Northern California site of the Breast Cancer and the Environment Research Program cohort.
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Conditional and unconditional genome-wide association study reveal complicate genetic architecture of human body weight and impacts of smoking. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12136. [PMID: 32699216 PMCID: PMC7376032 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68935-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To reveal the impacts of smoking on genetic architecture of human body weight, we conducted a genome-wide association study on 5,336 subjects in four ethnic populations from MESA (The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) data. A full genetic model was applied to association mapping for analyzing genetic effects of additive, dominance, epistasis, and their ethnicity-specific effects. Both the unconditional model (base) and conditional model including smoking as a cofactor were investigated. There were 10 SNPs involved in 96 significant genetic effects detected by the base model, which accounted for a high heritability (61.78%). Gene ontology analysis revealed that a number of genetic factors are related to the metabolic pathway of benzopyrene, a main compound in cigarettes. Smoking may play important roles in genetic effects of dominance, dominance-related epistasis, and gene-ethnicity interactions on human body weight. Gene effect prediction shows that the genetic effects of smoking cessation on body weight vary from different populations.
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Khosravipour M, Khosravipour H. The association between urinary metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis study. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 247:125680. [PMID: 32069705 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To examine the association between urinary metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OH-PAHs) and diabetes, online databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, were searched on July 17, 2019. Of the 668 articles identified through searching, six cross-sectional studies involving 24,406 participants were included. The pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using a random-effect model. Heterogeneity was measured by reporting the I-square index. Moreover, subgroup analysis according to types of metabolites was performed. We found a significantly higher odds of diabetes in the highest versus the lowest category of urinary naphthalene (NAP), fluorine (FLU), phenanthrene (PHEN), and total OH-PAH metabolites. The pooled OR (95% CI) was estimated at 1.47 (1.17, 1.78), 1.50 (1.29, 1.71), 1.41 (1.21, 1.60), and 1.61 (1.01, 2.21), respectively. We also found a significant association per 1-fold increase in FLU (OR = 1.09, 95% CI [1.00, 1.19]) and PHEN (OR = 1.19, 95% CI [1.08, 1.30]) metabolites. In subgroup analysis stratified by types of OH-PAH metabolites, A significant stronger odds of diabetes was observed in the highest versus the lowest category of 2-PHEN (OR = 1.66, 95% CI [1.32, 2.00]), 2-NAP (OR = 1.66, 95% CI [1.16, 2.17]), 2-FLU (OR = 1.62, 95% CI [1.28, 1.97]), and 9-FLU (OR = 1.62, 95% CI [1.21, 2.04]) metabolites. Furthermore, there was a meaningfully greater likelihood of diabetes per 1-fold increase in 2-FLU (OR = 1.34, 95% CI [1.10, 1.57]), 2-PHEN (OR = 1.33, 95% CI [1.14, 1.51]), and 3-PHEN (OR = 1.19, 95% CI [1.04, 1.34]) metabolites. In conclusion, our study suggests the significant odds of association between urinary OH-PAH metabolites and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Khosravipour
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Hadis Khosravipour
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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35
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Haghani A, Johnson R, Safi N, Zhang H, Thorwald M, Mousavi A, Woodward NC, Shirmohammadi F, Coussa V, Wise JP, Forman HJ, Sioutas C, Allayee H, Morgan TE, Finch CE. Toxicity of urban air pollution particulate matter in developing and adult mouse brain: Comparison of total and filter-eluted nanoparticles. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 136:105510. [PMID: 32004873 PMCID: PMC7063839 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution (AirP) is associated with many neurodevelopmental and neurological disorders in human populations. Rodent models show similar neurotoxic effects of AirP particulate matter (PM) collected by different methods or from various sources. However, controversies continue on the identity of the specific neurotoxic components and mechanisms of neurotoxicity. We collected urban PM by two modes at the same site and time: direct collection as an aqueous slurry (sPM) versus a nano-sized sub-fraction of PM0.2 that was eluted from filters (nPM). The nPM lacks water-insoluble PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) and is depleted by >50% in bioactive metals (e.g., copper, iron, nickel), inorganic ions, black carbon, and other organic compounds. Three biological models were used: in vivo exposure of adult male mice to re-aerosolized nPM and sPM for 3 weeks, gestational exposure, and glial cell cultures. In contrast to larger inflammatory responses of sPM in vitro, cerebral cortex responses of mice to sPM and nPM largely overlapped for adult and gestational exposures. Adult brain responses included induction of IFNγ and NF-κB. Gestational exposure to nPM and sPM caused equivalent depressive behaviors. Responses to nPM and sPM diverged for cerebral cortex glutamate receptor mRNA, systemic fat gain and insulin resistance. The shared toxic responses of sPM with nPM may arise from shared transition metals and organics. In contrast, gestational exposure to sPM but not nPM, decreased glutamatergic mRNAs, which may be attributed to PAHs. We discuss potential mechanisms in the overlap between nPM and sPM despite major differences in bulk chemical composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Haghani
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Richard Johnson
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Nikoo Safi
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Translational Genomics at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Hongqiao Zhang
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Max Thorwald
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Amirhosein Mousavi
- Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Nicholas C Woodward
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Farimah Shirmohammadi
- Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Valerio Coussa
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - John P Wise
- School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Henry Jay Forman
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Constantinos Sioutas
- Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Hooman Allayee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Todd E Morgan
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Caleb E Finch
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Dornsife College, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
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36
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Cano-Sancho G, Marchand P, Le Bizec B, Antignac JP. The challenging use and interpretation of blood biomarkers of exposure related to lipophilic endocrine disrupting chemicals in environmental health studies. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 499:110606. [PMID: 31585155 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The use of exposure biomarkers has been growing during the last decades, being considered the 'gold-standard' approach for individual exposure assessment to environmental chemicals. However, lipophilic endocrine disrupting chemicals (LEDC) have specific physicochemical and biological properties implying particular analytical challenges and interpretative caveats. The epidemiological literature is therefore afflicted by methodological inconsistencies and results divergences, in part due to recognised sources of exposure measurement error and misinterpretation of results. The aim of the present review is to identify external and endogenous sources of variability and uncertainty associated with the LEDC blood biomarkers in epidemiological studies. The dynamic nature of blood and an overview of the known mechanisms of transport, storage and partition of LEDCs in the organism are first described. The external sources of variability and uncertainty introduced at pre-analytical and analytical level are subsequently presented. Subsequently, we present some specific cases where the dynamics of lipids and LEDCs may be substantially modified and thus, the interpretation of biomarkers can be particularly challenging. The environmental obesogens as source of biomarkers variability is also discussed in the light of the most recent findings. Finally, different modelling approaches (statistical and pharmacokinetic models) proposed to improve the use and interpretation of biomarkers are appraised.
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37
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Widen EM, Nichols AR, Kahn LG, Factor-Litvak P, Insel BJ, Hoepner L, Dube SM, Rauh V, Perera F, Rundle A. Prepregnancy obesity is associated with cognitive outcomes in boys in a low-income, multiethnic birth cohort. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19:507. [PMID: 31862007 PMCID: PMC6924019 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1853-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Maternal obesity and high gestational weight gain (GWG) disproportionally affect low-income populations and may be associated with child neurodevelopment in a sex-specific manner. We examined sex-specific associations between prepregnancy BMI, GWG, and child neurodevelopment at age 7. Methods Data are from a prospective low-income cohort of African American and Dominican women (n = 368; 44.8% male offspring) enrolled during the second half of pregnancy from 1998 to 2006. Neurodevelopment was measured using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-IV) at approximately child age 7. Linear regression estimated associations between prepregnancy BMI, GWG, and child outcomes, adjusting for race/ethnicity, marital status, gestational age at delivery, maternal education, maternal IQ and child age. Results Overweight affected 23.9% of mothers and obesity affected 22.6%. At age 7, full-scale IQ was higher among girls (99.7 ± 11.6) compared to boys (96.9 ± 13.3). Among boys, but not girls, prepregnancy overweight and obesity were associated with lower full-scale IQ scores [overweight β: − 7.1, 95% CI: (− 12.1, − 2.0); obesity β: − 5.7, 95% CI: (− 10.7, − 0.7)]. GWG was not associated with full-scale IQ in either sex. Conclusions Prepregnancy overweight and obesity were associated with lower IQ among boys, but not girls, at 7 years. These findings are important considering overweight and obesity prevalence and the long-term implications of early cognitive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Widen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, 103 W 24TH ST A2703, Austin, TX, 78712, USA. .,Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, 12th Floor, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Amy R Nichols
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, 103 W 24TH ST A2703, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.,Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, 12th Floor, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Linda G Kahn
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, 403 East 34th St, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Pam Factor-Litvak
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168 Street Room 1614, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Beverly J Insel
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168 Street Room 1614, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lori Hoepner
- Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, 12th Floor, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, School of Public Health, 450 Clarkson Avenue, MSC 43, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
| | - Sara M Dube
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, 103 W 24TH ST A2703, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd, Austin, TX, 78723, USA
| | - Virginia Rauh
- Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 60 Haven Avenue, B-2, Room 213, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Frederica Perera
- Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, 12th Floor, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168 Street Room 1614, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Andrew Rundle
- Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, 12th Floor, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168 Street Room 1614, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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Association of urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and obesity in children aged 3-18: Canadian Health Measures Survey 2009-2015. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2019; 11:623-631. [PMID: 31806062 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174419000825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) may contribute to obesity. Childhood obesity is a strong predictor of adult obesity and morbidity; however, the relationship between PAHs and obesity in young children (e.g., aged 3-5) has not been studied. We examined the association between urinary PAH metabolites and measures of obesity in children. We analyzed data from 3667 children aged 3-18 years who participated in the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS, 2009-2015). We ran separate multivariable linear models to estimate the association between quartiles of PAH metabolites and each of body mass index (BMI) percentile, waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) in the total population, as well as in the age subgroups 3-5, 6-11, and 12-18, adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, education, income quintile, diet, creatinine, and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. A multinomial logistic regression model estimated adjusted odds ratios for risk of central obesity. BMI, WC, and WHtR were positively associated with total PAH and naphthalene metabolites in the total population aged 3-18 and in age groups 6-11 and 12-18. In 3-5 year olds, WHtR, but not BMI, was significantly associated with total PAH, naphthalene, and phenanthrene metabolites. Overall, those in the highest quartile for naphthalene or total PAH metabolites had three times greater odds of having central obesity compared with those in the lowest quartile. Urinary PAH metabolites are associated with WHtR, an indicator of central obesity and predictor of health risks associated with obesity, in children as young as 3-5.
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Rundle AG, Gallagher D, Herbstman JB, Goldsmith J, Holmes D, Hassoun A, Oberfield S, Miller RL, Andrews H, Widen EM, Hoepner LA, Perera F. Prenatal exposure to airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and childhood growth trajectories from age 5-14 years. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 177:108595. [PMID: 31352299 PMCID: PMC7393736 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
There is evidence that exposures to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and fine particles in air pollution are associated with higher childhood body mass index (BMI). Birth cohort analyses of prenatal exposures to PAH and child BMI Z-scores from age 5-14 years were conducted. African-American and Hispanic children born in the Bronx or Northern Manhattan, New York (1998-2006), whose mothers underwent personal air monitoring for airborne PAH exposure during pregnancy, were followed up with measurements of height and weight at approximate ages 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12.5 and 13.5 years. Multivariable generalized estimating equation analyses were used to relate prenatal airborne PAH exposures to child BMI Z-scores through time. The analyses adjusted for many known risk factors for childhood obesity and included interactions terms between age and exposure tertiles and age squared and exposure tertiles. In total, 535 children had at least one height and weight measure during follow-up. The prevalence of obesity was 20.6% at age 5 and increased across follow-ups until age 11 when it was 33.0%. At age 5, BMI Z-scores were significantly greater for children in the third tertile of exposure relative to the first tertile (0.35 Z-score units, 95% CI 0.09, 0.61, p = 0.007) and were non-significantly higher for the second tertile of exposure compared to the first tertile (0.25 Z-score units, 95% CI -0.02, 0.52, P = 0.075). The trajectories of BMI Z-scores by tertiles of exposure converged as the children aged, such that by age 11 years the estimated mean BMI Z-scores associated with each tertile of exposure were not different. Prenatal exposures to airborne PAH were associated with higher childhood BMI Z-scores at a young age, but growth trajectories converged by age 11 years. Accordingly, highly exposed children spend a greater proportion of their childhood with higher BMI Z-scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G Rundle
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, United States.
| | - Dympna Gallagher
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, United States.
| | - Julie B Herbstman
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, United States.
| | - Jeff Goldsmith
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, United States.
| | - Darrell Holmes
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, United States.
| | - Abeer Hassoun
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, United States.
| | - Sharon Oberfield
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, United States.
| | - Rachel L Miller
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, United States.
| | - Howard Andrews
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, United States.
| | | | - Lori A Hoepner
- SUNY Downstate Medical Center, School of Public Health, Brooklyn, United States.
| | - Frederica Perera
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, United States.
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Chen YY, Kao TW, Wang CC, Chen YJ, Wu CJ, Lai CH, Chen WL. Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and risk of disability among an elderly population. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:10719-10726. [PMID: 30778934 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04498-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are environmental pollutants. Exposure to PAHs is associated with several adverse health outcomes. However, no previous study has examined the relationship between PAH exposure and functional dependence in an elderly population. Our aim was to examine whether PAH exposure was associated with functional dependence including total disability, activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), leisure and social activities (LSA), lower extremity mobility (LEM), and general physical activities (GPA) in an elderly population. A total of 5816 elderly adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2001 to 2006 were examined. PAH exposure was measured by urinary biomarkers. Functional dependence was assessed by 19 structured questions. The association between PAH exposures with functional dependence was performed by using a multivariable linear regression model. After adjusting for pertinent variables, positive associations were observed between the total number of disabilities and 2-naphthalene and 1-pyrene quartiles (all Ptrend < 0.05). There was a dose-dependent relationship between 1-pyrene quartiles and all functional dependence domains, and the higher quartile of 1-pyrene was more closely associated with functional impairment (all Ptrend < 0.05). PAH exposure is associated with functional dependence in American elderly adults. Future research is needed to bring to light the pathophysiological underlying mechanisms related to these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuei Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital Songshan Branch and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Wei Kao
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Number 325, Section 2, Chang-gong Rd, Nei-Hu District, 114, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ching Wang
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Jen Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Jung Wu
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Number 325, Section 2, Chang-gong Rd, Nei-Hu District, 114, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Community Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Huang Lai
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Liang Chen
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Number 325, Section 2, Chang-gong Rd, Nei-Hu District, 114, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Wang L, Hou J, Hu C, Zhou Y, Sun H, Zhang J, Li T, Gao E, Wang G, Chen W, Yuan J. Mediating factors explaining the associations between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure, low socioeconomic status and diabetes: A structural equation modeling approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 648:1476-1483. [PMID: 30340292 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is linked with increased risk of diabetes, whereas socioeconomic status (SES) may contribute to the development of diabetes. However, the mechanisms underlying the relationships between them are unclear. We used structural equation modeling (SEM) to identify mediating factors in the associations of PAHs exposure, low SES with diabetes risk. Data were collected from 2751 Wuhan participants at baseline from the Wuhan-Zhuhai Cohort Study (n = 3053). They answered the questionnaires regarding socio-demographic, participated physical examinations and provided urine samples for measurements of urinary monohydroxy-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OH-PAHs) levels. SEM was used to identify the mediating factors (such as hypertension, body mass index (BMI), triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (TCHO)) in the associations of low SES or PAHs exposure with diabetes risk. We observed that partial effect of PAHs exposure (β = 0.281, p = 0.034), BMI (β = 0.182, p = 0.000), TG (β = 0.358, p = 0.000), TCHO (β = 0.203, p = 0.009) or hypertension (β = 0.385, p = 0.000) on diabetes was directive. Moreover, low SES also exhibited a directive effect on PAHs exposure (β = -0.084, p = 0.000), BMI (β = 0.301, p = 0.000), hypertension (β = 0.134, p = 0.003) and TG (β = 0.087, p = 0.001). PAHs exposure directly affected TCHO levels (β = 0.080, p = 0.002) and TG (β = 0.076, p = 0.017). The proportion of the effect of PAHs exposure on diabetes mediated by TG and TCHO was 15.6%. The proportion of the effect of low SES on diabetes mediated by BMI, hypertension and TG was 89.1%. The results suggested that low SES increased diabetes risk, which may be partially explained by BMI, hypertension and triglycerides, and exposure to high levels of PAHs may have indirect contribution to increased risk for diabetes with dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jian Hou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China
| | - Chen Hu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China
| | - Huizhen Sun
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jiafei Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China
| | - Erwei Gao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China
| | - Guiyang Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China
| | - Weihong Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China..
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Stallings-Smith S, Mease A, Johnson TM, Arikawa AY. Exploring the association between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and diabetes among adults in the United States. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 166:588-594. [PMID: 29982146 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the association between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and diabetes and to determine whether effects are heterogeneous when examined by body mass index (BMI). METHODS Cross-sectional data from 8664 participants were analyzed from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for years 2005-2014. Multivariable logistic regression was used to explore the association between urinary biomarkers of PAHs and diabetes. All models were adjusted for age, sex, race, poverty-income ratio, and serum cotinine. RESULTS When compared with the lowest quintiles of exposure, the highest quintiles of exposure to 2-hydroxynaphthalene, 2-hydroxyfluorene, 9-hydroxyfluorene, 2-hydroxyphenanthrene, and a summed variable of all low molecular weight PAHs (aOR = 1.73; 95% CI: 1.17-2.55) showed a positive association with diabetes. Stratified analyses by BMI indicated that the positive association between PAHs and diabetes was found among both normal weight and obese participants. CONCLUSIONS High levels of exposure to PAHs are positively associated with diabetes in the U.S. general population and these effects are modified by BMI. These findings suggest the importance of strong environmental regulation of PAHs to protect population health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sericea Stallings-Smith
- Department of Public Health, Brooks College of Health, University of North Florida, 1 UNF Drive, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
| | - Anna Mease
- Department of Public Health, Brooks College of Health, University of North Florida, 1 UNF Drive, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Tammie M Johnson
- Department of Public Health, Brooks College of Health, University of North Florida, 1 UNF Drive, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Andrea Y Arikawa
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Brooks College of Health, University of North Florida, 1 UNF Drive, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
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Kim JS, Alderete TL, Chen Z, Lurmann F, Rappaport E, Habre R, Berhane K, Gilliland FD. Longitudinal associations of in utero and early life near-roadway air pollution with trajectories of childhood body mass index. Environ Health 2018; 17:64. [PMID: 30213262 PMCID: PMC6137930 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-018-0409-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that childhood near-roadway air pollution (NRAP) exposures contribute to increased body mass index (BMI); however, effects of NRAP exposure during the vulnerable periods including in utero and first year of life have yet to be established. In this study, we examined whether exposure to elevated concentrations of NRAP during in utero and/or first year of life increase childhood BMI growth. METHODS Participants in the Children's Health Study enrolled from 2002 to 2003 with annual visits over a four-year period and who changed residences before study entry were included (n = 2318). Annual height and weight were measured and lifetime residential NRAP exposures including in utero and first year of life periods were estimated by nitrogen oxides (NOx) using the California line-source dispersion model. Linear mixed effects models assessed in utero or first year near-road freeway and non-freeway NOx exposures and BMI growth after adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, parental education, Spanish questionnaire, and later childhood near-road NOx exposure. RESULTS A two-standard deviation difference in first year of life near-road freeway NOx exposure was associated with a 0.1 kg/m2 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.03, 0.2) faster increase in BMI growth per year and a 0.5 kg/m2 (95% CI: 0.02, 0.9) higher attained BMI at age 10 years. CONCLUSIONS Higher exposure to early life NRAP increased the rate of change of childhood BMI and resulted in a higher attained BMI at age 10 years that were independent of later childhood exposures. These findings suggest that elevated early life NRAP exposures contribute to increased obesity risk in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeniffer S. Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Environmental Health, Keck School of Medicine, Southern California Environmental Health Sciences Center, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA
| | - Tanya L. Alderete
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | - Zhanghua Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Environmental Health, Keck School of Medicine, Southern California Environmental Health Sciences Center, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA
| | | | - Ed Rappaport
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Environmental Health, Keck School of Medicine, Southern California Environmental Health Sciences Center, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA
| | - Rima Habre
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Environmental Health, Keck School of Medicine, Southern California Environmental Health Sciences Center, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA
| | - Kiros Berhane
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Environmental Health, Keck School of Medicine, Southern California Environmental Health Sciences Center, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA
| | - Frank D. Gilliland
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Environmental Health, Keck School of Medicine, Southern California Environmental Health Sciences Center, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA
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Alderete TL, Chen Z, Toledo-Corral CM, Contreras ZA, Kim JS, Habre R, Chatzi L, Bastain T, Breton CV, Gilliland FD. Ambient and Traffic-Related Air Pollution Exposures as Novel Risk Factors for Metabolic Dysfunction and Type 2 Diabetes. CURR EPIDEMIOL REP 2018; 5:79-91. [PMID: 30319933 PMCID: PMC6178230 DOI: 10.1007/s40471-018-0140-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Diabetes mellitus is a top contributor to the global burden of mortality and disability in adults. There has also been a slow, but steady rise in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in youth. The current review summarizes recent findings regarding the impact of increased exposure to air pollutants on the type 2 diabetes epidemic. RECENT FINDINGS Human and animal studies provide strong evidence that exposure to ambient and traffic-related air pollutants such as particulate matter (PM), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) play an important role in metabolic dysfunction and type 2 diabetes etiology. This work is supported by recent findings that have observed similar effect sizes for increased exposure to air pollutants on clinical measures of risk for type 2 diabetes in children and adults. Further, studies indicate that these effects may be more pronounced among individuals with existing risk factors, including obesity and prediabetes. SUMMARY Current epidemiological evidence suggests that increased air pollution exposure contributes to alterations in insulin signaling, glucose metabolism, and beta (β)-cell function. Future work is needed to identify the specific detrimental pollutants that alter glucose metabolism. Additionally, advanced tools and new areas of investigation present unique opportunities to study the underlying mechanisms, including intermediate pathways, that link increased air pollution exposure with type 2 diabetes onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya L. Alderete
- University of Southern California, Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Environmental Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Zhanghua Chen
- University of Southern California, Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Environmental Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Claudia M. Toledo-Corral
- University of Southern California, Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Environmental Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
- California State University, Los Angeles, Department of Public Health, Los Angeles California, USA
| | - Zuelma A. Contreras
- University of Southern California, Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Environmental Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jeniffer S. Kim
- University of Southern California, Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Environmental Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rima Habre
- University of Southern California, Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Environmental Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Leda Chatzi
- University of Southern California, Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Environmental Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Theresa Bastain
- University of Southern California, Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Environmental Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Carrie V. Breton
- University of Southern California, Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Environmental Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Frank D. Gilliland
- University of Southern California, Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Environmental Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Le Ferrec E, Øvrevik J. G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) and environmental exposure. Consequences for cell metabolism using the β-adrenoceptors as example. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Shafei AES, Nabih ES, Shehata KA, Abd Elfatah ESM, Sanad ABA, Marey MY, Hammouda AAMA, Mohammed MMM, Mostafa R, Ali MA. Prenatal Exposure to Endocrine Disruptors and Reprogramming of Adipogenesis: An Early-Life Risk Factor for Childhood Obesity. Child Obes 2018; 14:18-25. [PMID: 29019419 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2017.0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a global health problem. It is characterized by excess adipose tissue that results from either increase in the number of adipocytes or increase in adipocytes size. Adipocyte differentiation is a highly regulated process that involves the activation of several transcription factors culminating in the removal of adipocytes from the cell cycle and induction of highly specific proteins. Several other factors, including hormones, genes, and epigenetics, are among the most important triggers of the differentiation process. Although the main contributing factors to obesity are high caloric intake, a sedentary lifestyle, and genetic predisposition, strong evidence supports a role for life exposure to environmental pollutants. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals are exogenous, both natural and man-made, chemicals that disrupt the body signaling processes, thus interfering with the endocrine system. Several studies have shown that prenatal exposure to endocrine disruptors modulates the mechanisms, by which multipotent mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into adipocytes. This review discusses adipocytes differentiation and highlights the possible mechanisms of prenatal exposure to endocrine disruptors in reprogramming of adipogenesis and induction of obesity later in life. Therefore, this review provides knowledge that reduction of early life exposure to these chemicals could open the door for new strategies in the prevention of obesity, especially during childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman El-Sayed Shafei
- 1 Department of Biomedical Research, Armed Forces College of Medicine , Cairo, Egypt
| | - Enas Samir Nabih
- 2 Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University , Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Randa Mostafa
- 1 Department of Biomedical Research, Armed Forces College of Medicine , Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Ali
- 1 Department of Biomedical Research, Armed Forces College of Medicine , Cairo, Egypt
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Jackson E, Shoemaker R, Larian N, Cassis L. Adipose Tissue as a Site of Toxin Accumulation. Compr Physiol 2017; 7:1085-1135. [PMID: 28915320 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c160038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We examine the role of adipose tissue, typically considered an energy storage site, as a potential site of toxicant accumulation. Although the production of most persistent organic pollutants (POPs) was banned years ago, these toxicants persist in the environment due to their resistance to biodegradation and widespread distribution in various environmental forms (e.g., vapor, sediment, and water). As a result, human exposure to these toxicants is inevitable. Largely due to their lipophilicity, POPs bioaccumulate in adipose tissue, resulting in greater body burdens of these environmental toxicants with obesity. POPs of major concern include polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDDs/PCDFs), and polybrominated biphenyls and diphenyl ethers (PBBs/PBDEs), among other organic compounds. In this review, we (i) highlight the physical characteristics of toxicants that enable them to partition into and remain stored in adipose tissue, (ii) discuss the specific mechanisms of action by which these toxicants act to influence adipocyte function, and (iii) review associations between POP exposures and the development of obesity and diabetes. An area of controversy relates to the relative potential beneficial versus hazardous health effects of toxicant sequestration in adipose tissue. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:1085-1135, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Jackson
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Robin Shoemaker
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Nika Larian
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Lisa Cassis
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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Bortey-Sam N, Ikenaka Y, Akoto O, Nakayama SMM, Asante KA, Baidoo E, Obirikorang C, Saengtienchai A, Isoda N, Nimako C, Mizukawa H, Ishizuka M. Oxidative stress and respiratory symptoms due to human exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Kumasi, Ghana. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 228:311-320. [PMID: 28551561 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Studies of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and its metabolites in PM10, soils, rat livers and cattle urine in Kumasi, Ghana, revealed high concentrations and cancer potency. In addition, WHO and IARC have reported an increase in cancer incidence and respiratory diseases in Ghana. Human urine were therefore collected from urban and control sites to: assess the health effects associated with PAHs exposure using malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG); identify any association between OH-PAHs, MDA, 8-OHdG with age and sex; and determine the relationship between PAHs exposure and occurrence of respiratory diseases. From the results, urinary concentrations of the sum of OH-PAHs (∑OHPAHs) were significantly higher from urban sites compared to the control site. Geometric mean concentrations adjusted by specific gravity, GMSG, indicated 2-OHNaphthalene (2-OHNap) (6.01 ± 4.21 ng/mL) as the most abundant OH-PAH, and exposure could be through the use of naphthalene-containing-mothballs in drinking water purification, insect repellent, freshener in clothes and/or "treatment of various ailments". The study revealed that exposure to naphthalene significantly increases the occurrence of persistent cough (OR = 2.68, CI: 1.43-5.05), persistent headache (OR = 1.82, CI: 1.02-3.26), tachycardia (OR = 3.36, CI: 1.39-8.10) and dyspnea (OR = 3.07, CI: 1.27-7.43) in Kumasi residents. Highest level of urinary 2-OHNap (224 ng/mL) was detected in a female, who reported symptoms of persistent cough, headache, tachycardia, nasal congestion and inflammation, all of which are symptoms of naphthalene exposure according to USEPA. The ∑OHPAHs, 2-OHNap, 2-3-OHFluorenes, and -OHPhenanthrenes showed a significantly positive correlation with MDA and 4-OHPhenanthrene with 8-OHdG, indicating possible lipid peroxidation/cell damage or degenerative disease in some participants. MDA and 8-OHdG were highest in age group 21-60. The present study showed a significant sex difference with higher levels of urinary OH-PAHs in females than males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesta Bortey-Sam
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Ikenaka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan; Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Osei Akoto
- Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Shouta M M Nakayama
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Kwadwo A Asante
- CSIR Water Research Institute, P. O. Box AH 38, Achimota, Accra, Ghana
| | - Elvis Baidoo
- Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Christian Obirikorang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Aksorn Saengtienchai
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Norikazu Isoda
- Unit of Risk Analysis and Management, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Kita 20, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan; Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institute for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Collins Nimako
- Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Hazuki Mizukawa
- Department of Environmental Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ishizuka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan.
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Le Magueresse-Battistoni B, Labaronne E, Vidal H, Naville D. Endocrine disrupting chemicals in mixture and obesity, diabetes and related metabolic disorders. World J Biol Chem 2017; 8:108-119. [PMID: 28588754 PMCID: PMC5439162 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v8.i2.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and associated metabolic disorders represent a major societal challenge in health and quality of life with large psychological consequences in addition to physical disabilities. They are also one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Although, different etiologic factors including excessive food intake and reduced physical activity have been well identified, they cannot explain the kinetics of epidemic evolution of obesity and diabetes with prevalence rates reaching pandemic proportions. Interestingly, convincing data have shown that environmental pollutants, specifically those endowed with endocrine disrupting activities, could contribute to the etiology of these multifactorial metabolic disorders. Within this review, we will recapitulate characteristics of endocrine disruption. We will demonstrate that metabolic disorders could originate from endocrine disruption with a particular focus on convincing data from the literature. Eventually, we will present how handling an original mouse model of chronic exposition to a mixture of pollutants allowed demonstrating that a mixture of pollutants each at doses beyond their active dose could induce substantial deleterious effects on several metabolic end-points. This proof-of-concept study, as well as other studies on mixtures of pollutants, stresses the needs for revisiting the current threshold model used in risk assessment which does not take into account potential effects of mixtures containing pollutants at environmental doses, e.g., the real life exposure. Certainly, more studies are necessary to better determine the nature of the chemicals to which humans are exposed and at which level, and their health impact. As well, research studies on substitute products are essential to identify harmless molecules.
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