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Torres J, Touati E. Mitochondrial Function in Health and Disease: Responses to Helicobacter pylori Metabolism and Impact in Gastric Cancer Development. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2023; 444:53-81. [PMID: 38231215 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-47331-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria are major cellular organelles that play an essential role in metabolism, stress response, immunity, and cell fate. Mitochondria are organized in a network with other cellular compartments, functioning as a signaling hub to maintain cells' health. Mitochondrial dysfunctions and genome alterations are associated with diseases including cancer. Mitochondria are a preferential target for pathogens, which have developed various mechanisms to hijack cellular functions for their benefit. Helicobacter pylori is recognized as the major risk factor for gastric cancer development. H. pylori induces oxidative stress and chronic gastric inflammation associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Its pro-apoptotic cytotoxin VacA interacts with the mitochondrial inner membrane, leading to increased permeability and decreased ATP production. Furthermore, H. pylori induces mitochondrial DNA damage and mutation, concomitant with the development of gastric intraepithelial neoplasia as observed in infected mice. In this chapter, we present diverse aspects of the role of mitochondria as energy supplier and signaling hubs and their adaptation to stress conditions. The metabolic activity of mitochondria is directly linked to biosynthetic pathways. While H. pylori virulence factors and derived metabolites are essential for gastric colonization and niche adaptation, they may also impact mitochondrial function and metabolism, and may have consequences in gastric pathogenesis. Importantly, during its long way to reach the gastric epithelium, H. pylori faces various cellular types along the gastric mucosa. We discuss how the mitochondrial response of these different cells is affected by H. pylori and impacts the colonization and bacterium niche adaptation and point to areas that remain to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Torres
- Unidad de Investigacion en Enfermedades Infecciosas, UMAE Pediatriıa, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Eliette Touati
- Equipe DMic01-Infection, Génotoxicité et Cancer, Département de Microbiologie, UMR CNRS 6047, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, F-75015, Paris, France.
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Li C, Sun H, Shi Y, Yu Y, Ji X, Li E, Zhou X, Liu X, Xue X, Sun H. Effects of Exogenous Hydrogen Sulfide in the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus on Gastric Function in Rats. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:806012. [PMID: 35095514 PMCID: PMC8793780 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.806012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a new type of gas neurotransmitter discovered in recent years. It plays an important role in various physiological activities. The hypothalamus paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is an important nucleus that regulates gastric function. This study aimed to clarify the role of H2S in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus on the gastric function of rats. Methods: An immunofluorescence histochemistry double-labelling technique was used to determine whether cystathionine-beta-synthase (CBS) and c-Fos neurons are involved in PVN stress. Through microinjection of different concentrations of NaHS, physiological saline (PS), D-2-Amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (D-AP5), and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), we observed gastric motility and gastric acid secretion. Results: c-Fos and CBS co-expressed the most positive neurons after 1 h of restraint and immersion, followed by 3 h, and the least was at 0 h. After injection of different concentrations of NaHS into the PVN, gastric motility and gastric acid secretion in rats were significantly inhibited and promoted, respectively (p < 0.01); however, injection of normal saline, D-AP5, and PDTC did not cause any significant change (p > 0.05). The suppressive effect of NaHS on gastrointestinal motility and the promotional effect of NaHS on gastric acid secretion could be prevented by D-AP5, a specific N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor antagonist, and PDTC, an NF-κB inhibitor. Conclusion: There are neurons co-expressing CBS and c-Fos in the PVN, and the injection of NaHS into the PVN can inhibit gastric motility and promote gastric acid secretion in rats. This effect may be mediated by NMDA receptors and the NF-κB signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Li
- School of Life Science, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance, School of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongzhao Sun
- School of Life Science, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuan Shi
- School of Life Science, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Yu
- School of Life Science, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaofeng Ji
- School of Life Science, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Enguang Li
- School of Life Science, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaofan Zhou
- School of Life Science, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaomeng Liu
- School of Life Science, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Xikang Xue
- School of Life Science, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Haiji Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance, School of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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Investigation of H 2S Donor Treatment on Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Experimental Colitis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312729. [PMID: 34884536 PMCID: PMC8657984 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic, immune-mediated disorders, which affect the gastrointestinal tract with intermittent ulceration. It is increasingly clear that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) seem to have a role in IBD; however, the associated pathogenesis is still not known. Furthermore, several conventional therapies are available against IBD, although these might have side effects. Our current study aimed to investigate the effects of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) treatment on NETs formation and on the expression of inflammatory mediators in experimental rat colitis. To model IBD, 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) was administered intracolonically (i.c.) to Wistar-Harlan male rats. Animals were treated (2 times/day) with H2S donor Lawesson's reagent per os. Our results showed that H2S treatment significantly decreased the extent of colonic lesions. Furthermore, the expression of members of NETs formation: peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4), citrullinated histone H3 (citH3), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and inflammatory regulators, such as nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) were reduced in H2S treated group compared to TNBS. Additionally, H2S donor administration elevated the expression of ubiquitin C-terminal hydroxylase L1 (UCHL-1), a potential anti-inflammatory mediator. Taken together, our results showed that H2S may exert anti-inflammatory effect through the inhibition of NETs formation, which suggests a new therapeutic approach against IBD.
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Bakalarz D, Korbut E, Yuan Z, Yu B, Wójcik D, Danielak A, Magierowska K, Kwiecień S, Brzozowski T, Marcinkowska M, Wang B, Magierowski M. Novel Hydrogen Sulfide (H 2S)-Releasing BW-HS-101 and Its Non-H 2S Releasing Derivative in Modulation of Microscopic and Molecular Parameters of Gastric Mucosal Barrier. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5211. [PMID: 34069086 PMCID: PMC8155842 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an endogenously produced molecule with anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective properties. We aimed to investigate for the first time if a novel, esterase-sensitive H2S-prodrug, BW-HS-101 with the ability to release H2S in a controllable manner, prevents gastric mucosa against acetylsalicylic acid-induced gastropathy on microscopic and molecular levels. Wistar rats were pretreated intragastrically with vehicle, BW-HS-101 (0.5-50 μmol/kg) or its analogue without the ability to release H2S, BW-iHS-101 prior to ASA administration (125 mg/kg, intragastrically). BW-HS-101 was administered alone or in combination with nitroarginine (L-NNA, 20 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) or zinc protoporphyrin IX (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally). Gastroprotective effects of BW-HS-101 were additionally evaluated against necrotic damage induced by intragastrical administration of 75% ethanol. Gastric mucosal damage was assessed microscopically, and gastric blood flow was determined by laser flowmetry. Gastric mucosal DNA oxidation and PGE2 concentration were assessed by ELISA. Serum and/or gastric protein concentrations of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, VEGF, GM-CSF, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and EGF were determined by a microbeads/fluorescent-based multiplex assay. Changes in gastric mucosal iNOS, HMOX-1, SOCS3, IL1-R1, IL1-R2, TNF-R2, COX-1, and COX-2 mRNA were assessed by real-time PCR. BW-HS-101 or BW-iHS-101 applied at a dose of 50 μmol/kg protected gastric mucosa against ASA-induced gastric damage and prevented a decrease in the gastric blood flow level. H2S prodrug decreased DNA oxidation, systemic and gastric mucosal inflammation with accompanied upregulation of SOCS3, and EGF and HMOX-1 expression. Pharmacological inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthase but not carbon monoxide (CO)/heme oxygenase (HMOX) activity by L-NNA or ZnPP, respectively, reversed the gastroprotective effect of BW-HS-101. BW-HS-101 also protected against ethanol-induced gastric injury formation. We conclude that BW-HS-101, due to its ability to release H2S in a controllable manner, prevents gastric mucosa against drugs-induced gastropathy, inflammation and DNA oxidation, and upregulate gastric microcirculation. Gastroprotective effects of this H2S prodrug involves endogenous NO but not CO activity and could be mediated by cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory SOCS3 and EGF pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Bakalarz
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31531 Cracow, Poland; (D.B.); (E.K.); (D.W.); (A.D.); (K.M.); (S.K.); (T.B.)
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Institute of Forensic Research, 31033 Cracow, Poland
| | - Edyta Korbut
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31531 Cracow, Poland; (D.B.); (E.K.); (D.W.); (A.D.); (K.M.); (S.K.); (T.B.)
| | - Zhengnan Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA; (Z.Y.); (B.Y.)
| | - Bingchen Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA; (Z.Y.); (B.Y.)
| | - Dagmara Wójcik
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31531 Cracow, Poland; (D.B.); (E.K.); (D.W.); (A.D.); (K.M.); (S.K.); (T.B.)
| | - Aleksandra Danielak
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31531 Cracow, Poland; (D.B.); (E.K.); (D.W.); (A.D.); (K.M.); (S.K.); (T.B.)
| | - Katarzyna Magierowska
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31531 Cracow, Poland; (D.B.); (E.K.); (D.W.); (A.D.); (K.M.); (S.K.); (T.B.)
| | - Slawomir Kwiecień
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31531 Cracow, Poland; (D.B.); (E.K.); (D.W.); (A.D.); (K.M.); (S.K.); (T.B.)
| | - Tomasz Brzozowski
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31531 Cracow, Poland; (D.B.); (E.K.); (D.W.); (A.D.); (K.M.); (S.K.); (T.B.)
| | - Monika Marcinkowska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30688 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Binghe Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA; (Z.Y.); (B.Y.)
| | - Marcin Magierowski
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31531 Cracow, Poland; (D.B.); (E.K.); (D.W.); (A.D.); (K.M.); (S.K.); (T.B.)
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Huang YQ, Jin HF, Zhang H, Tang CS, Du JB. Interaction among Hydrogen Sulfide and Other Gasotransmitters in Mammalian Physiology and Pathophysiology. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1315:205-236. [PMID: 34302694 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-0991-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) were previously considered as toxic gases, but now they are found to be members of mammalian gasotransmitters family. Both H2S and SO2 are endogenously produced in sulfur-containing amino acid metabolic pathway in vivo. The enzymes catalyzing the formation of H2S are mainly CBS, CSE, and 3-MST, and the key enzymes for SO2 production are AAT1 and AAT2. Endogenous NO is produced from L-arginine under catalysis of three isoforms of NOS (eNOS, iNOS, and nNOS). HO-mediated heme catabolism is the main source of endogenous CO. These four gasotransmitters play important physiological and pathophysiological roles in mammalian cardiovascular, nervous, gastrointestinal, respiratory, and immune systems. The similarity among these four gasotransmitters can be seen from the same and/or shared signals. With many studies on the biological effects of gasotransmitters on multiple systems, the interaction among H2S and other gasotransmitters has been gradually explored. H2S not only interacts with NO to form nitroxyl (HNO), but also regulates the HO/CO and AAT/SO2 pathways. Here, we review the biosynthesis and metabolism of the gasotransmitters in mammals, as well as the known complicated interactions among H2S and other gasotransmitters (NO, CO, and SO2) and their effects on various aspects of cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology, such as vascular tension, angiogenesis, heart contractility, and cardiac protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Qian Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Fang Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao-Shu Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Bao Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Kawahara Y, Hirashita Y, Tamura C, Kudo Y, Sakai K, Togo K, Fukuda K, Matsunari O, Okamoto K, Ogawa R, Mizukami K, Okimoto T, Kodama M, Murakami K. Helicobacter pylori infection modulates endogenous hydrogen sulfide production in gastric cancer AGS cells. Helicobacter 2020; 25:e12732. [PMID: 32713122 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistent Helicobacter pylori infection induces gastric mucosal atrophy, which is a precancerous condition. Hydrogen sulfide (H2 S), a gaseous biological transmitter, has been implicated in both the physiological functions of the gastrointestinal tract and its diseases. To understand gastric epithelial cell response against H pylori infection, we investigated the metabolic changes of gastric cancer cells co-cultured with H pylori and observed the modulation of endogenous H2 S production. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gastric cancer AGS cells were co-cultured with an H pylori standard strain possessing bacterial virulence factor CagA (ATCC 43504) and a strain without CagA (ATCC 51932). Three hours after inoculation, the cells were subjected to metabolomics analysis using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). Orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and pathway analysis were performed. In addition, intracellular H2 S levels were measured by using HSip-1 fluorescent probe. RESULTS Results of OPLS-DA showed a significant difference between the metabolism of untreated control cells and cells inoculated with the H pylori strains ATCC 51932 or ATCC 43504, mainly due to 45 metabolites. Pathway analysis with the selected metabolites indicated that methionine metabolism, which is related to H2 S production, was the most frequently altered pathway. H pylori-inoculated cells produced more endogenous H2 S than control cells. Moreover, ATCC 43504-inoculated cells produced less H2 S than ATCC 51932-inoculated cells. CONCLUSIONS H pylori infection modulates endogenous H2 S production in AGS cells, suggesting that H2 S might be one of the bioactive molecules involved in the biological mechanisms of gastric mucosal disease including mucosal atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinari Kawahara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Yuka Hirashita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Chikako Tamura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Yoko Kudo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Kumiko Sakai
- Research Promotion Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Kazumi Togo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Kensuke Fukuda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Osamu Matsunari
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Okamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Ryo Ogawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Mizukami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Tadayoshi Okimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kodama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Kazunari Murakami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
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The role of hydrogen sulfide in gastrointestinal tract functioning (review). CURRENT ISSUES IN PHARMACY AND MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/cipms-2020-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Despite a fairly large amount of literature data about the involvement of hydrogen sulfide in physiological and pathophysiological processes, its role in gastrointestinal tract functioning has not been studied sufficiently. This review systematizes and generalizes the mechanisms of H2S-associated regulation of gastrointestinal secretion and motility on the basis of literature sources processing and own research results. We analysed world professional literature and sources in Google Scholar, PubMed, MedLine, Embase, Cochrane, and data from more than 50 articles and books on the problem were processed in the article. This review gives a synopsis of the H2S function in the regulation of the secretory and motor-evacuation function, and in stimulating the reparative properties of the digestive tract, and indicates the main mechanisms.
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Donertas Ayaz B, Zubcevic J. Gut microbiota and neuroinflammation in pathogenesis of hypertension: A potential role for hydrogen sulfide. Pharmacol Res 2020; 153:104677. [PMID: 32023431 PMCID: PMC7056572 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation and gut dysbiosis are hallmarks of hypertension (HTN). Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an important freely diffusing molecule that modulates the function of neural, cardiovascular and immune systems, and circulating levels of H2S are reduced in animals and humans with HTN. While most research to date has focused on H₂S produced endogenously by the host, H2S is also produced by the gut bacteria and may affect the host homeostasis. Here, we review an association between neuroinflammation and gut dysbiosis in HTN, with special emphasis on a potential role of H2S in this interplay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basak Donertas Ayaz
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Eskisehir Osmangazi, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Jasenka Zubcevic
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
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Gao DD, Xu JW, Qin WB, Peng L, Qiu ZE, Wang LL, Lan CF, Cao XN, Xu JB, Zhu YX, Tang YG, Zhang YL, Zhou WL. Cellular Mechanism Underlying Hydrogen Sulfide Mediated Epithelial K + Secretion in Rat Epididymis. Front Physiol 2019; 9:1886. [PMID: 30666217 PMCID: PMC6330343 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
As a novel gasotransmitter, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) elicits various physiological actions including smooth muscle relaxation and promotion of transepithelial ion transport. However, the pro-secretory function of H2S in the male reproductive system remains largely unclear. The aim of this study is to elucidate the possible roles of H2S in modulating rat epididymal intraluminal ionic microenvironment essential for sperm storage. The results revealed that endogenous H2S-generating enzymes cystathionine β-synthetase (CBS) and cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) were both expressed in rat epididymis. CBS located predominantly in epithelial cells whilst CSE expressed primarily in smooth muscle cells. The relative expression level of CBS and CSE escalated from caput to cauda regions of epididymis, which was paralleled to the progressively increasing production of endogenous H2S. The effect of H2S on epididymal epithelial ion transportation was investigated using short-circuit current (ISC), measurement of intracellular ion concentration and in vivo rat epididymal microperfusion. Our data showed that H2S induced transepithelial K+ secretion via adenosine triphosphate-sensitive K+ (KATP) channel and large conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BKCa) channel. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channel-mediated Ca2+ influx was implicated in the activation of BKCa channel. In vivo studies further demonstrated that H2S promoted K+ secretion in rat epididymal epithelium. Inhibition of endogenous H2S synthesis caused a significant decrease in K+ concentration of cauda epididymal intraluminal fluid. Moreover, our data demonstrated that high extracellular K+ concentration actively depressed the motility of cauda epididymal sperm in a pH-independent manner. Collectively, the present study demonstrated that H2S was vital to the formation of high K+ concentration in epididymal intraluminal fluid by promoting the transepithelial K+ secretion, which might contribute to the maintenance of the cauda epididymal sperm in quiescent dormant state before ejaculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Dong Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Wen Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Bing Qin
- Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive and Genetics, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Peng
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuo-Er Qiu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Long-Long Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chong-Feng Lan
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Nian Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Bang Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun-Xin Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun-Ge Tang
- Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive and Genetics, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Lin Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Liang Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Wallace JL, Motta JP, Buret AG. Hydrogen sulfide: an agent of stability at the microbiome-mucosa interface. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2018; 314:G143-G149. [PMID: 29025733 PMCID: PMC5866422 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00249.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A diverse range of effects of the intestinal microbiota on mucosal defense and injury has become increasingly clear over the past decade. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has emerged as an important mediator of many physiological functions, including gastrointestinal mucosal defense and repair. Hydrogen sulfide is produced by gastrointestinal tract tissues and by bacteria residing within the gut and can influence the function of a wide range of cells. The microbiota also appears to be an important target of hydrogen sulfide. H2S donors can modify the gut microbiota, and the gastrointestinal epithelium is a major site of oxidation of microbial-derived H2S. When administered together with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, H2S can prevent some of the dysbiosis those drugs induce, possibly contributing to the observed prevention of gastrointestinal damage. Exogenous H2S can also markedly reduce the severity of experimental colitis and plays important roles in modulating epithelial cell-mucus-bacterial interactions in the intestine, contributing to its ability to promote resolution of inflammation and repair of tissue injury. In this paper we review recent studies examining the roles of H2S in mucosal defense, the possibility that H2S can damage the gastrointestinal epithelium, and effects of H2S on the gut microbiota and on mucus and biofilm interactions in the context of intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Wallace
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta , Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Camilo Castelo Branco, Fernandópolis, Brazil
| | - Jean-Paul Motta
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, Université de Toulouse , Toulouse , France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier , Toulouse , France
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta , Canada
| | - Andre G Buret
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta , Canada
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Meng XM, Huang X, Lu HL, Zhang CM, Kim YC, Chen J, Xu WX. H 2 S-induced gastric fundus smooth muscle tension potentiation is mediated by the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt/endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway. Exp Physiol 2017; 102:779-790. [PMID: 28383821 DOI: 10.1113/ep086288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? The present study investigated the relationship between H2 S and NO in regulation of gastric fundus tension. What is the main finding and its importance? Endogenous or exogenous H2 S and NO have opposite effects on fundus tension, and H2 S-induced gastric fundus tension enhancements are mediated by inhibition of NO generation through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathway. These results are very important in exploring the mechanism of physiological accommodation and accommodation disorder. Hydrogen sulphide (H2 S) is considered a new gasotransmitter, along with NO and CO. It was recently confirmed that H2 S and NO play important roles in the regulation of gastrointestinal smooth muscle tension. The present study was designed to elucidate the interactions between H2 S and NO with respect to the regulation of gastric fundus smooth muscle tension using Western blotting, physiological and electrochemical techniques. Real-time H2 S and NO generation was detected in gastric smooth muscle tissue. NaHS, an H2 S donor, enhanced fundus smooth muscle tension, whereas SNP, an NO donor, decreased fundus smooth muscle tension in a dose-dependent manner. NaHS-induced increases in fundus smooth muscle tension were suppressed by l-NAME, an NO synthase inhibitor. Aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA), a cystathionine β-synthase inhibitor, exerted inhibitory effects on fundus smooth muscle tension; these effects were also suppressed by l-NAME. Real-time NO generation was significantly potentiated by AOAA. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation at serine 1177 and Akt phosphorylation at serine 308 and threonine 473 were significantly inhibited by NaHS. LY294002, a phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor, blocked these NaHS-mediated effects. However, eNOS phosphorylation at serine 1177 and Akt phosphorylation at serine 308 and threonine 473 were significantly potentiated by AOAA. Cystathionine β-synthase siRNA interference significantly increased eNOS phosphorylation at serine 1177 and Akt phosphorylation at serine 308 and threonine 473. Cystathionine β-synthase siRNA interference also increased total eNOS protein expression levels but did not significantly change total Akt kinase protein expression levels. These results suggest that H2 S-induced enhancement of gastric fundus tension is mediated by inhibition of NO generation through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Min Meng
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Huang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Li Lu
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun-Mei Zhang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Young-Chul Kim
- Department of Physiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kong Jiang Road, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Xie Xu
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, China
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Sun Q, Huang J, Yue YJ, Xu JB, Jiang P, Yang DL, Zeng Y, Zhou WL. Hydrogen Sulfide Facilitates Vaginal Lubrication by Activation of Epithelial ATP-Sensitive K(+) Channels and Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator. J Sex Med 2017; 13:798-807. [PMID: 27114193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) plays a large role in female and male sexual responses characterized by a smooth muscle relaxant effect. Moreover, H2S is a novel pro-secretory neuromodulator that modulates epithelial ion transport. However, whether H2S has a role in regulating vaginal epithelial ion transport and fluid secretion has not been extensively studied. AIM To identify the effects of H2S on vaginal epithelial ion transport and lubrication in an exploratory investigation. METHODS The mRNA, protein expression, and localization of cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) and H2S production in vaginal epithelium were examined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, H2S synthesizing activity assay, and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The effect of H2S on vaginal epithelial ion transport, vaginal fluid secretion, and ionic concentration was investigated using a short-circuit current (ISC), a measurement of vaginal lubrication, and ion chromatography, respectively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The mRNA, protein expression, and localization of CSE, H2S formation, changes of ISC responses, vaginal lubrication, and K(+) and Cl(-) concentrations were studied. RESULTS CSE mRNA and protein were predominantly expressed in vaginal epithelium. Sodium hydrosulfide hydrate (NaHS) caused concentration-dependent changes in ISC across isolated rat vaginal epithelium, which consisted of an initial decrease phase and then an increase phase. The increase phase in ISC was mainly Cl(-) dependent and abolished by cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator inhibitor, whereas the decrease phase was sensitive to the adenosine triphosphate-sensitive K(+) (KATP) channel blocker. Furthermore, intravaginal treatment of NaHS significantly enhanced vaginal lubrication in vivo, and this effect was prevented by cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator and KATP channel inhibitors. In addition, the ionic concentrations of K(+) and Cl(-) in rat vaginal fluid were significantly increased by NaHS treatment. CONCLUSION The CSE-H2S pathway participates in the regulation of vaginal epithelial K(+) and Cl(-) ion transport to modulate lumen fluid secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiehong Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yong-Jian Yue
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian-Bang Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Deng-Liang Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Zeng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen-Liang Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Magierowski M, Magierowska K, Hubalewska-Mazgaj M, Sliwowski Z, Pajdo R, Ginter G, Kwiecien S, Brzozowski T. Exogenous and Endogenous Hydrogen Sulfide Protects Gastric Mucosa against the Formation and Time-Dependent Development of Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Acute Lesions Progressing into Deeper Ulcerations. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22020295. [PMID: 28212299 PMCID: PMC6155792 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22020295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an endogenous mediator, synthesized from l-cysteine by cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) or 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST). The mechanism(s) involved in H2S-gastroprotection against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) lesions and their time-dependent progression into deeper gastric ulcerations have been little studied. We determined the effect of l-cysteine, H2S-releasing NaHS or slow H2S releasing compound GYY4137 on gastric blood flow (GBF) and gastric lesions induced by 30 min of I followed by 3, 6, 24 and 48 h of R. Role of endogenous prostaglandins (PGs), afferent sensory nerves releasing calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), the gastric expression of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α and anti-oxidative enzymes were examined. Rats with or without capsaicin deactivation of sensory nerves were pretreated i.g. with vehicle, NaHS (18–180 μmol/kg) GYY4137 (90 μmol/kg) or l-cysteine (0.8–80 μmol/kg) alone or in combination with (1) indomethacin (14 μmol/kg i.p.), SC-560 (14 μmol/kg), celecoxib (26 μmol/kg); (2) capsazepine (13 μmol/kg i.p.); and (3) CGRP (2.5 nmol/kg i.p.). The area of I/R-induced gastric lesions and GBF were measured by planimetry and H2-gas clearance, respectively. Expression of mRNA for CSE, CBS, 3-MST, HIF-1α, glutathione peroxidase (GPx)-1, superoxide dismutase (SOD)-2 and sulfide production in gastric mucosa compromised by I/R were determined by real-time PCR and methylene blue method, respectively. NaHS and l-cysteine dose-dependently attenuated I/R-induced lesions while increasing the GBF, similarly to GYY4137 (90 μmol/kg). Capsaicin denervation and capsazepine but not COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitors reduced NaHS- and l-cysteine-induced protection and hyperemia. NaHS increased mRNA expression for SOD-2 and GPx-1 but not that for HIF-1α. NaHS which increased gastric mucosal sulfide release, prevented further progression of acute I/R injury into deeper gastric ulcers at 6, 24 and 48 h of R. We conclude that H2S-induced gastroprotection against I/R-injury is due to increase in gastric microcirculation, anti-oxidative properties and afferent sensory nerves activity but independent on endogenous prostaglandins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Magierowski
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Magierowska
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Hubalewska-Mazgaj
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland.
- Department of Genetic Research and Nutrigenomics, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Zbigniew Sliwowski
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Robert Pajdo
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Ginter
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Slawomir Kwiecien
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Brzozowski
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland.
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Magierowski M, Magierowska K, Hubalewska-Mazgaj M, Adamski J, Bakalarz D, Sliwowski Z, Pajdo R, Kwiecien S, Brzozowski T. Interaction between endogenous carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide in the mechanism of gastroprotection against acute aspirin-induced gastric damage. Pharmacol Res 2016; 114:235-250. [PMID: 27825819 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is mainly recognized as painkiller or anti-inflammatory drug. However, ASA causes serious side effects towards gastrointestinal (GI) tract which limits its usefulness. Carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) have been described to act as important endogenous messengers and mediators of gastroprotection but whether they can interact in gastroprotection against acute ASA-induced gastric damage remains unknown. In this study male Wistar rats were pretreated with 1) vehicle (saline, i.g.), 2) tricarbonyldichlororuthenium (II) dimer (CORM-2, 5mg/kg i.g.), 3) sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, 5mg/kg i.g.), 4) zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP, 10mg/kg i.p.), 5) D,L-propargylglycine (PAG, 30mg/kg i.g.), 6) ZnPP combined with NaHS, 7) PAG combined with CORM-2 or 8) 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ, 10mg/kg i.p.) combined with CORM-2 or NaHS and 30min later ASA was administered i.g. in a single dose of 125mg/kg. After 1h, gastric blood flow (GBF) was determined by H2 gas clearance technique and gastric lesions were assessed by planimetry and histology. CO content in gastric mucosa and COHb concentration in blood were determined by gas chromatography and H2S production was assessed in gastric mucosa using methylene blue method. Protein and/or mRNA expression for cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE), cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS), 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST), heme oxygenase (HO)-1, HO-2, hypoxia inducible factor-alpha (HIF)-1α, nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf-2), cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and interleukin (IL)-1β were determined by Western blot or real-time PCR, respectively. ASA caused hemorrhagic gastric mucosal damage and significantly decreased GBF, H2S production, CO content, mRNA or protein expression for CSE, 3-MST, HO-2 and increased mRNA and/or protein expression for CBS, HO-1, Nrf-2, HIF-1α, iNOS, IL-1β, COX-2 in gastric mucosa and COHb concentration in blood. Pretreatment with CORM-2 or NaHS but not with PAG decreased ASA-damage and increased GBF. ZnPP reversed protective and hyperemic effect of NaHS but PAG failed to affect CORM-2-induced gastroprotection. CORM-2 elevated CO content, mRNA or protein expression for HO-1, Nrf-2, and decreased expression of CBS, HIF-1α, COX-2, IL-1β, iNOS, the H2S production in gastric mucosa and COHb concentration in blood. NaHS raised mRNA or protein expression for CSE, COX-1 and decreased mRNA expression for IL-1β and COHb level in blood. We conclude that CO is involved in gastroprotection induced by H2S while beneficial protective action of CO released from CORM-2 in gastric mucosa seems to be H2S-independent. In contrast to H2S, CO ameliorates hypoxia, regulates Nrf-2 expression but similarly to H2S acts on sGC-dependent manner to restore gastric microcirculation and exhibit anti-inflammatory activity in gastric mucosa compromised by ASA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Magierowski
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Magierowska
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531 Cracow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Hubalewska-Mazgaj
- Department of Genetic Research and Nutrigenomics, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 7A Gronostajowa Street, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
| | - Juliusz Adamski
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Institute of Forensic Research, 9 Westerplatte Street, 31-033 Cracow, Poland
| | - Dominik Bakalarz
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Institute of Forensic Research, 9 Westerplatte Street, 31-033 Cracow, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Sliwowski
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531 Cracow, Poland
| | - Robert Pajdo
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531 Cracow, Poland
| | - Slawomir Kwiecien
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531 Cracow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Brzozowski
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531 Cracow, Poland
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Wallace JL, de Nucci G, Sulaieva O. Toward More GI-Friendly Anti-Inflammatory Medications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 13:377-85. [PMID: 26303996 DOI: 10.1007/s11938-015-0064-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Despite the introduction 20-30 years ago of potent inhibitors of gastric acid secretion and anti-inflammatory drugs that preferentially inhibit cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2, the GI adverse effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) remain a significant clinical concern and a considerable economic burden. Inhibitors of acid secretion and selective COX-2 inhibitors reduce damage only in the proximal GI tract (stomach and proximal duodenum), but NSAIDs produce injury and bleeding throughout the GI tract. The small intestinal damage caused by NSAIDs is common, difficult to diagnose, and there are no proven-effective preventative or curative therapies. There is also emerging evidence that proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and histamine H2-receptor antagonists (H2RAs) exacerbate NSAID-induced small intestinal injury. A new approach to solve this clinical problem is to deliver an endogenous, cytoprotective "rescue molecule" together with a COX inhibitor. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a naturally produced, potent protective agent in the GI tract. H2S-releasing NSAIDs have been synthesized and extensively tested in laboratory animals and humans. They exhibit improved anti-inflammatory activity over the parent NSAID, while causing negligible damage in the GI tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Wallace
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. .,Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Camilo Castelo Branco, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. .,, 15 Prince Arthur Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5R 1B2, Canada.
| | - Gilberto de Nucci
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Camilo Castelo Branco, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Oksana Sulaieva
- Department of Histology, Zaporozhye State Medical University, Zaporozhye, Ukraine.
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Mard SA, Veisi A, Ahangarpour A, Gharib-Naseri MK. Gastric acid induces mucosal H2S release in rats by upregulating mRNA and protein expression of cystathionine gamma lyase. J Physiol Sci 2015; 65:545-54. [PMID: 26319795 PMCID: PMC10717216 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-015-0392-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) protects the gastric mucosa against gastric acid and other noxious stimulants by several mechanisms but until now the effect of gastric acid on H2S production has not been evaluated. This study was performed to determine the effect of basal and stimulated gastric acid secretion on mRNA and protein expression of cystathionine gamma lyase (CSE) and cystathionine beta synthase (CBS), and on mucosal release of H2S in rats. Seventy-two male rats were randomly assigned into 9 groups (8 in each)-control, distention, and pentagastrin-induced gastric acid secretion groups. The effects of 15% alcohol solution, propargylglycine (PAG), L-NAME, and pantoprazole were also investigated. Under anesthesia, animals underwent tracheostomy and midline laparotomy. A catheter was inserted into the stomach through the duodenum for gastric washout. At the end of the experiments, the animals were killed and the gastric mucosa was collected to measure H2S concentration and to quantify mRNA expression of CSE and CBS by quantitative real-time PCR, and expression of their proteins by western blot. Basal and stimulated gastric acid secretion increased mucosal levels of H2S, and mRNA and protein expression of CSE. Pantoprazole and L-NAME reversed H2S release and restored protein expression of CSE to the control level. Pantoprazole, but not propargylglycine, pretreatment inhibited the elevated level of protein expression of eNOS in response to distention-induced gastric acid secretion. Our findings indicated that NO mediated the stimulatory effect of gastric acid on H2S release and protein expression of CSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Ali Mard
- Physiology Research Center (PRC), Research Center for Infectious Diseases of Digestive System, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Ali Veisi
- Physiology Research Center (PRC), Research Center for Infectious Diseases of Digestive System, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Akram Ahangarpour
- Physiology Research Center (PRC), Diabetes research center, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kazem Gharib-Naseri
- Physiology Research Center (PRC), Research Center for Infectious Diseases of Digestive System, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Magierowski M, Magierowska K, Kwiecien S, Brzozowski T. Gaseous mediators nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide in the mechanism of gastrointestinal integrity, protection and ulcer healing. Molecules 2015; 20:9099-123. [PMID: 25996214 PMCID: PMC6272495 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20059099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are known as biological messengers; they play an important role in human organism and contribute to many physiological and pathophysiological processes. NO is produced from l-arginine by constitutive NO synthase (NOS) and inducible NOS enzymatic pathways. This gaseous mediator inhibits platelet aggregation, leukocyte adhesion and contributes to the vessel homeostasis. NO is known as a vasodilatory molecule involved in control of the gastric blood flow (GBF) and the maintenance of gastric mucosal barrier integrity in either healthy gastric mucosa or that damaged by strong irritants. Biosynthesis of H2S in mammals depends upon two enzymes cystathionine-β-synthase and cystathionine γ-lyase. This gaseous mediator, similarly to NO and carbon monoxide, is involved in neuromodulation, vascular contractility and anti-inflammatory activities. For decades, H2S has been known to inhibit cytochrome c oxidase and reduce cell energy production. Nowadays it is generally considered to act through vascular smooth muscle ATP-dependent K+ channels, interacting with intracellular transcription factors and promote sulfhydration of protein cysteine moieties within the cell, but the mechanism of potential gastroprotective and ulcer healing properties of H2S has not been fully explained. The aim of this review is to compare current results of the studies concerning the role of H2S and NO in gastric mucosa protection and outline areas that may pose new opportunities for further development of novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Magierowski
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow 31-531, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Magierowska
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow 31-531, Poland.
| | - Slawomir Kwiecien
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow 31-531, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Brzozowski
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow 31-531, Poland.
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Wallace JL, Blackler RW, Chan MV, Da Silva GJ, Elsheikh W, Flannigan KL, Gamaniek I, Manko A, Wang L, Motta JP, Buret AG. Anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective actions of hydrogen sulfide: translation to therapeutics. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 22:398-410. [PMID: 24635322 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.5901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE There is a rapidly expanding body of evidence for important roles of hydrogen sulfide in protecting against tissue injury, reducing inflammation, and promoting repair. There is also growing evidence that H2S can be successfully exploited in drug development. RECENT ADVANCES H2S synthesis and degradation are regulated in circumstances of inflammation and injury so as to promote repair and re-establish homeostasis. Novel H2S-releasing drugs exhibit enhanced anti-inflammatory and pro-restorative effects, while having reduced adverse effects in many tissues. CRITICAL ISSUES H2S is a pleiotropic mediator, having effects on many elements in the inflammatory cascade and promoting the resolution of inflammation and injury. It also contributes significantly to mucosal defence in the gastrointestinal tract, and in host defence against infection. There is strong evidence that novel, H2S-based therapeutics are safe and effective in animal models, and several are progressing through human trials. FUTURE DIRECTIONS A better understanding of the physiological and pathophysiological roles of H2S continues to be restrained by the lack of simple, reliable methods for measurement of H2S synthesis, and the paucity of highly selective inhibitors of enzymes that participate in endogenous H2S synthesis. On the other hand, H2S donors show promise as therapeutics for several important indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Wallace
- 1 Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary , Calgary, Canada
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), once associated with rotten eggs and sewers, is now recognized as a gasotransmitter that is synthesized in vivo in a regulated fashion. This ancient gaseous molecule has been retained throughout evolution to perform various roles in different life forms. H2S modulates important signaling functions in diverse cellular processes ranging from regulation of blood pressure to redox homeostasis. RECENT ADVANCES One of the modes by which H2S signals is by post-translational modification of reactive cysteine residues in a process designated as sulfhydration, resulting in conversion of the -SH groups of target cysteine residues to -SSH. Using the modified biotin-switch assay and a fluorescent maleimide-based analysis, sulfhydration of several proteins has been detected in various cell types. Aberrant sulfhydration patterns occur in neurodegenerative conditions such as Parkinson's disease. CRITICAL ISSUES The exact concentration, source of H2S, and conditions under which various stores of H2S are utilized have not been fully elucidated. Currently, available inhibitors of the biosynthetic enzymes of H2S lack sufficient specificity to shed light on detailed mechanisms of H2S action. Probes with a higher sensitivity that can reliably detect cellular and tissue H2S levels are yet to be developed. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Availability of advanced probes and biosynthesis inhibitors would help in the measurement of real-time changes of endogenous H2S levels in an in vivo context. The study of the dynamics of sulfhydration and nitrosylation of critical cysteine residues of regulatory proteins involved in physiology and pathophysiology is an area of interest for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bindu D Paul
- 1 The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
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Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide is an endogenous gaseous mediator that plays important roles in many physiological processes in microbes, plants, and animals. This chapter focuses on the important roles of hydrogen sulfide in protecting tissues against injury, promoting the repair of damage, and downregulating the inflammatory responses. The chapter focuses largely, but not exclusively, on these roles of hydrogen sulfide in the gastrointestinal tract. Hydrogen sulfide is produced throughout the gastrointestinal tract, and it contributes to maintenance of mucosal integrity. Suppression of hydrogen sulfide synthesis renders the tissue more susceptible to injury and it impairs repair. In contrast, administration of hydrogen sulfide donors can increase resistance to injury and accelerate repair. Hydrogen sulfide synthesis is rapidly and dramatically enhanced in the gastrointestinal tract after injury is induced. These increases occur specifically at the site of tissue injury. Hydrogen sulfide also plays an important role in promoting resolution of inflammation, and restoration of normal tissue function. In recent years, these beneficial actions of hydrogen sulfide have provided the basis for development of novel hydrogen sulfide-releasing drugs. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that release small amounts of hydrogen sulfide are among the most advanced of the hydrogen sulfide-based drugs. Unlike the parent drugs, these modified drugs do not cause injury in the gastrointestinal tract, and do not interfere with healing of preexisting damage. Because of the increased safety profile of these drugs, they can be used in circumstances in which the toxicity of the parent drug would normally limit their use, such as in chemoprevention of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Gemici
- Near East University, Nicosia, Northern Cyprus, Turkey
| | - John L Wallace
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Terada Y, Kawabata A. H2S and Pain: A Novel Aspect for Processing of Somatic, Visceral and Neuropathic Pain Signals. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2015; 230:217-230. [PMID: 26162837 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-18144-8_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) formed by multiple enzymes including cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) targets Cav3.2 T-type Ca2+ channels (T-channels) and transient receptor potential ankyrin-1 (TRPA1). Intraplantar and intracolonic administration of H2S donors promotes somatic and visceral pain, respectively, via activation of Cav3.2 and TRPA1 in rats and/or mice. Injection of H2S donors into the plantar tissues, pancreatic duct, colonic lumen, or bladder causes T-channel-dependent excitation of nociceptors, determined as phosphorylation of ERK or expression of Fos in the spinal dorsal horn. Electrophysiological studies demonstrate that exogenous and/or endogenous H2S facilitates membrane currents through T-channels in NG108-15 cells and isolated mouse dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons that abundantly express Cav3.2 and also in Cav3.2-transfected HEK293 cells. In mice with cerulein-induced pancreatitis and cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis, visceral pain and/or referred hyperalgesia are inhibited by CSE inhibitors and by pharmacological blockade or genetic silencing of Cav3.2, and CSE protein is upregulated in the pancreas and bladder. In rats with neuropathy induced by L5 spinal nerve cutting or by repeated administration of paclitaxel, an anticancer drug, the neuropathic hyperalgesia is reversed by inhibitors of CSE or T-channels and by silencing of Cav3.2. Upregulation of Cav3.2 protein in DRG is detectable in the former, but not in the latter, neuropathic pain models. Thus, H2S appears to function as a nociceptive messenger by facilitating functions of Cav3.2 and TRPA1, and the enhanced function of the CSE/H2S/Cav3.2 pathway is considered to be involved in the pancreatitis- and cystitis-related pain and in neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Terada
- Division of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Kinki University School of Pharmacy, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
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Takeuchi K, Ise F, Takahashi K, Aihara E, Hayashi S. H2S-induced HCO3- secretion in the rat stomach--involvement of nitric oxide, prostaglandins, and capsaicin-sensitive sensory neurons. Nitric Oxide 2014; 46:157-64. [PMID: 25460323 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is known to be an important gaseous mediator that affects various functions under physiological and pathological conditions. We examined the effects of NaHS, a H2S donor, on HCO3(-) secretion in rat stomachs and investigated the mechanism involved in this response. Under urethane anesthesia, rat stomachs were mounted on an ex vivo chamber and perfused with saline. Acid secretion had been inhibited by omeprazole. The secretion of HCO3(-) was measured at pH 7.0 using a pH-stat method and by the addition of 10 mM HCl. NaHS (0.5-10 mM) was perfused in the stomach for 5 min. Indomethacin or L-NAME was administered s.c. before NaHS treatment, while glibenclamide (a KATP channel blocker), ONO-8711 (an EP1 antagonist), or propargylglycine (a cystathionine γ-lyase inhibitor) was given i.p. before. The mucosal perfusion of NaHS dose-dependently increased the secretion of HCO3(-), and this effect was significantly attenuated by indomethacin, L-NAME, and sensory deafferentation, but not by glibenclamide or ONO-8711. The luminal output of nitric oxide, but not the mucosal production of prostaglandin E2, was increased by the perfusion of NaHS. Mucosal acidification stimulated HCO3(-) secretion, and this response was inhibited by sensory deafferentation, indomethacin, L-NAME, and ONO-8711, but not by propargylglycine. These results suggested that H2S increased HCO3(-) secretion in the stomach, and this effect was mediated by capsaicin-sensitive afferent neurons and dependent on nitric oxide and prostaglandins, but not ATP-sensitive K(+) channels. Further study is needed to define the role of endogenous H2S in the mechanism underlying acid-induced gastric HCO3(-) secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Takeuchi
- Division of Pathological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan; General Incorporated Association, Kyoto Research Center for Gastrointestinal Diseases, Karasuma-Oike, 671, Kyoto 604-8106, Japan.
| | - Fumitaka Ise
- Division of Pathological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Kento Takahashi
- Division of Pathological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Eitaro Aihara
- Division of Pathological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Shusaku Hayashi
- Division of Pathological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
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Kabil O, Motl N, Banerjee R. H2S and its role in redox signaling. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2014; 1844:1355-66. [PMID: 24418393 PMCID: PMC4048824 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has emerged as an important gaseous signaling molecule that is produced endogenously by enzymes in the sulfur metabolic network. H2S exerts its effects on multiple physiological processes important under both normal and pathological conditions. These functions include neuromodulation, regulation of blood pressure and cardiac function, inflammation, cellular energetics and apoptosis. Despite the recognition of its biological importance and its beneficial effects, the mechanism of H2S action and the regulation of its tissue levels remain unclear in part owing to its chemical and physical properties that render handling and analysis challenging. Furthermore, the multitude of potential H2S effects has made it difficult to dissect its signaling mechanism and to identify specific targets. In this review, we focus on H2S metabolism and provide an overview of the recent literature that sheds some light on its mechanism of action in cellular redox signaling in health and disease. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Thiol-Based Redox Processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Kabil
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0600, USA
| | - Nicole Motl
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0600, USA
| | - Ruma Banerjee
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0600, USA.
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Lu W, Li J, Gong L, Xu X, Han T, Ye Y, Che T, Luo Y, Li J, Zhan R, Yao W, Liu K, Cui S, Liu C. H2 S modulates duodenal motility in male rats via activating TRPV1 and K(ATP) channels. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:1534-50. [PMID: 24345161 PMCID: PMC3954491 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE H2 S induces vasodilatation by opening KATP channels but it may also affect other ion channels. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of H2 S on intestinal motility in rats and its underlying mechanism. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The tension of intestinal muscle strips, afferent firing of intestinal mesenteric nerves, length of duodenal smooth muscle cells and whole-cell membrane potential of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons were monitored. H2 S-producing enzymes were located by immunofluorescence staining. KEY RESULTS NaHS exerted early transient excitation and late long-lasting inhibition on the intestinal contraction. The excitation was attenuated by TRPV1 antagonists capsazepine, A784168, SB-366791 and NK1 receptor antagonist L703606, while the inhibition was attenuated by glibenclamide. NaHS increased duodenal afferent nerve firing and depolarized DRG neurons. These effects were reduced by capsazepine and A784168. NaHS relaxed isolated duodenal smooth muscle cells. The KATP channels were expressed in smooth muscle cells. Cystathionine β-synthase and cystathionine γ-lyase were expressed in rat duodenal myenteric neurons. L-cysteine and S-adenosyl-L-methionine increased the contraction of duodenal muscle strips, an effect attenuated by capsazepine and L703606. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS NaHS induces biphasic effects on intestinal motility in rats while endogenous H2 S only exerts an excitatory effect. This transient excitatory effect might be mediated by activation of TRPV1 channels in sensory nerve terminals with the consequent release of substance P. The long-lasting inhibitory effect might be mediated by activation of KATP channels in the smooth muscle cells. These findings reveal a novel mechanism for the excitatory effect of H2 S on gastrointestinal motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Lu
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of MedicineJinan, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of MedicineJinan, China
| | - Liping Gong
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of MedicineJinan, China
| | - Xiaomeng Xu
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of MedicineJinan, China
| | - Ting Han
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of MedicineJinan, China
| | - Yanfang Ye
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of MedicineJinan, China
| | - Tongtong Che
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of MedicineJinan, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of MedicineJinan, China
| | - Jingxin Li
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of MedicineJinan, China
| | - Renzhi Zhan
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of MedicineJinan, China
| | - Wei Yao
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of MedicineJinan, China
| | - Kejing Liu
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of MedicineJinan, China
| | - Shuang Cui
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of MedicineJinan, China
| | - Chuanyong Liu
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of MedicineJinan, China
- Provincial Key Lab of Mental Disorder, Shandong University School of MedicineJinan, China
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Antisecretory effect of hydrogen sulfide on gastric acid secretion and the involvement of nitric oxide. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:480921. [PMID: 24707486 PMCID: PMC3953662 DOI: 10.1155/2014/480921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2013] [Revised: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the effect of H2S on distention-induced gastric acid secretion. Fifty-two rats were randomly assigned to seven experimental groups. The gastric acid secretion was stimulated by gastric distention. Two groups of rats received L-cysteine or saline for 5 days before stimulation of the gastric acid secretion. Two groups of animals also received NaHS or saline just prior to stimulation of the gastric acid secretion. The effect of L-NAME and propargylglycine was also investigated. The mucosal levels of the gene expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and H+/K+-ATPase α-subunit were quantified by qPCR and luminal concentrations of NO were determined. NaHS and L-cysteine decreased the gastric acid output in response to distention. The mRNA expression of H+/K+-ATPase α-subunit decreased by NaHS and L-cysteine as compared with the control group while gene expression of eNOS and COX-2 was upregulated. The inhibitory effect of NaHS on distention-induced gastric acid secretion was mitigated by pretreatment of L-NAME. These findings suggest the involvement of NO in mediating the antisecretory effect of H2S.
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The current literature regarding the effects of the gaseous signal molecule hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the gastrointestinal system is reviewed. Bacterial, host and pharmaceutical-derived H2S are all considered and presented according to the physiological or pathophysiological effects of the gaseous signal molecule. These subjects include the toxicology of intestinal H2S with emphasis on bacterial-derived H2S, especially from sulfate-reducing bacteria, the role of endogenous and exogenous H2S in intestinal inflammation, and the roles of H2S in gastrointestinal motility, secretion and nociception. RECENT ADVANCES While its pro- and anti-inflammatory, smooth muscle relaxant, prosecretory, and pro- and antinociceptive actions continue to remain the major effects of H2S in this system; recent findings have expanded the potential molecular targets for H2S in the gastrointestinal tract. CRITICAL ISSUES Numerous discrepancies remain in the literature, and definitive molecular targets in this system have not been supported by the use of competitive antagonism. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Future work will hopefully resolve discrepancies in the literature and identify molecular targets and mechanisms of action for H2S. It is clear from the current literature that the long-appreciated relationship between H2S and the gastrointestinal tract continues to be strong as we endeavor to unravel its mysteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Linden
- Enteric NeuroScience Program, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine , Rochester, Minnesota
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Chan MV, Wallace JL. Hydrogen sulfide-based therapeutics and gastrointestinal diseases: translating physiology to treatments. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2013; 305:G467-73. [PMID: 23868410 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00169.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gaseous meditator that has various physiological and pathophysiological roles in the body. It has been shown to be an important mediator of gastrointestinal (GI) mucosal defense and contributes significantly to repair of damage and resolution of inflammation. Synthesis of H2S increases markedly after mucosal injury, and inhibition of H2S in such circumstances leads to delayed healing and exacerbated inflammation. The beneficial effects of H2S may be attributable to its ability to elevate mucosal blood flow, prevent leukocyte-endothelial adhesion, reduce oxidative stress, and stimulate angiogenesis. The use of H2S-donating agents and inhibitors of the key enzymes contributing to H2S synthesis have provided strong evidence for the importance of H2S in enhancing mucosal resistance to damage, as well as modulating inflammation and repair. In recent years, significant evidence has been generated to support the notion that these positive aspects of H2S can be exploited in drug design, particularly for arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and colon cancer chemoprevention. Thus novel H2S-based therapies have been shown to be effective anti-inflammatories that can promote the resolution of inflammation and accelerate the healing of GI ulcers. Encouraging results have already been seen experimentally with a mesalamine derivative and with H2S-releasing derivatives of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa V Chan
- Dept. of Physiology & Pharmacology, Univ. of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada.
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Flannigan KL, Ferraz JGP, Wang R, Wallace JL. Enhanced synthesis and diminished degradation of hydrogen sulfide in experimental colitis: a site-specific, pro-resolution mechanism. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71962. [PMID: 23940796 PMCID: PMC3733965 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is produced throughout the gastrointestinal tract, and it contributes to maintenance of mucosal integrity, resolution of inflammation, and repair of damaged tissue. H2S synthesis is elevated in inflamed and damaged colonic tissue, but the enzymatic sources of that synthesis are not completely understood. In the present study, the contributions of three enzymatic pathways to colonic H2S synthesis were determined, with tissues taken from healthy rats and rats with colitis. The ability of the colonic tissue to inactivate H2S was also determined. Colonic tissue from rats with hapten-induced colitis produced significantly more H2S than tissue from healthy controls. The largest source of the H2S synthesis was the pathway involving cysteine amino transferase and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (an α-ketoglutarate-dependent pathway). Elevated H2S synthesis occurred specifically at sites of mucosal ulceration, and was not related to the extent of granulocyte infiltration into the tissue. Inactivation of H2S by colonic tissue occurred rapidly, and was significantly reduced at sites of mucosal ulceration. This correlated with a marked decrease in the expression of sulfide quinone reductase in these regions. Together, the increased production and decreased inactivation of H2S at sites of mucosal ulceration would result in higher H2S levels at these sites, which promotes of resolution of inflammation and repair of damaged tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle L. Flannigan
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jose G. P. Ferraz
- Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - John L. Wallace
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Kram L, Grambow E, Mueller-Graf F, Sorg H, Vollmar B. The anti-thrombotic effect of hydrogen sulfide is partly mediated by an upregulation of nitric oxide synthases. Thromb Res 2013; 132:e112-7. [PMID: 23916820 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2013.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) known as a gasotransmitter is increasingly recognized for its anti-adhesive, anti-inflammatory and vasoactive properties. Due to these properties, we analysed anti-thrombotic effects of H2S and the participation of the nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS In individual venules of the ear of hairless SKH1-hr mice, thrombus formation was induced using a phototoxic light/dye-injury model and intravital fluorescence microscopy. Animals were treated intravenously with the H2S donor Na2S or NaCl as control. In a second setting, the NOS inhibitor L-NAME was applied intraperitoneally as a bolus 12h prior to Na2S treatment and thrombus induction. Blood and ear tissue were sampled after microscopy for assessment of plasma concentrations of soluble (s)P-selectin, sE-selectin, sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1 and expression of endothelial (e)NOS and inducible (i)NOS, respectively. RESULTS When mice were treated with Na2S, venular thrombus formation was significantly delayed versus that in animals of the NaCl-treated control group. While plasma levels of pro-thrombotic adhesion molecules were not affected by Na2S, immunohistochemistry of the vessel walls showed a significant up-regulation of eNOS and iNOS expression within the Na2S-treated group. The delay of thrombus formation in the Na2S-group was partly but significantly reverted by application of L-NAME. CONCLUSIONS The anti-thrombotic efficacy of H2S involves the NOS-pathway and may be of preventive and therapeutic value for clinical disorders with increased risk of thrombotic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Kram
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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Persson PB, Bondke Persson A. Nitric oxide: a classic revisited. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2013; 207:427-9. [PMID: 23384421 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Matsunami M, Miki T, Nishiura K, Hayashi Y, Okawa Y, Nishikawa H, Sekiguchi F, Kubo L, Ozaki T, Tsujiuchi T, Kawabata A. Involvement of the endogenous hydrogen sulfide/Ca(v) 3.2 T-type Ca2+ channel pathway in cystitis-related bladder pain in mice. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 167:917-28. [PMID: 22646666 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.02060.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Hydrogen sulfide (H(2) S), generated by enzymes such as cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) from L-cysteine, facilitates pain signals by activating the Ca(v) 3.2 T-type Ca(2+) channels. Here, we assessed the involvement of the CSE/H(2) S/Ca(v) 3.2 pathway in cystitis-related bladder pain. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Cystitis was induced by i.p. administration of cyclophosphamide in mice. Bladder pain-like nociceptive behaviour was observed and referred hyperalgesia was evaluated using von Frey filaments. Phosphorylation of ERK in the spinal dorsal horn was determined immunohistochemically following intravesical administration of NaHS, an H(2) S donor. KEY RESULTS Cyclophosphamide caused cystitis-related symptoms including increased bladder weight, accompanied by nociceptive changes (bladder pain-like nociceptive behaviour and referred hyperalgesia). Pretreatment with DL-propargylglycine, an inhibitor of CSE, abolished the nociceptive changes and partly prevented the increased bladder weight. CSE protein in the bladder was markedly up-regulated during development of cystitis. Mibefradil or NNC 55-0396, blockers of T-type Ca(2+) channels, administered after the symptoms of cystitis appeared, reversed the nociceptive changes. Further, silencing of Ca(v) 3.2 protein by repeated intrathecal administration of mouse Ca(v) 3.2-targeting antisense oligodeoxynucleotides also significantly attenuated the nociceptive changes, but not the increased bladder weight. Finally, the number of cells staining positive for phospho-ERK was increased in the superficial layer of the L6 spinal cord after intravesical administration of NaHS, an effect inhibited by NNC 55-0396. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Endogenous H(2) S, generated by up-regulated CSE, caused bladder pain and referred hyperalgesia through the activation of Ca(v) 3.2 channels, one of the T-type Ca(2+) channels, in mice with cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maho Matsunami
- Division of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Kinki University School of Pharmacy, Higashi-Osaka, Japan
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Hayashi S, Takeuchi K. [Role of hydrogen sulfide in duodenal HCO₃(-) secretion]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2012; 139:9-12. [PMID: 22230874 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.139.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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Takasuka H, Hayashi S, Koyama M, Yasuda M, Aihara E, Amagase K, Takeuchi K. Carbon monoxide involved in modulating HCO3- secretion in rat duodenum. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2011; 337:293-300. [PMID: 21248067 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.110.175216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the effect of the tricarbonyl-dichlororuthenium (II) dimer (CORM-2), a carbon monoxide (CO) donor, on duodenal HCO(3)(-) secretion in rats and investigated whether endogenous CO produced by heme oxygenase (HO) is involved in the regulation of this secretion. Under urethane anesthesia, a duodenal loop was perfused with saline, and HCO(3)(-) secretion was measured at pH 7.0 using a pH stat method. CORM-2, biliverdin, FeCl(2), or ruthenium (III) chloride hydrate (RuCl(3)) was applied to the loop for 5 min. The mucosal application of CORM-2 dose-dependently increased HCO(3)(-) secretion, whereas neither RuCl(3), FeCl(2), nor biliverdin had an effect. The stimulatory effect was significantly attenuated by indomethacin but not N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester. The application of CORM-2 increased the mucosal prostaglandin (PG) E(2) content of the duodenum. The acid-induced HCO(3)(-) response was markedly inhibited by indomethacin and Sn(IV) protoporphyrin IX dichloride (SnPP; an inhibitor of HO) but not Cu(II) protoporphyrin dichloride, and the inhibitory effect of SnPP was significantly reversed by pretreatment with hemin, a substrate of HO. Perfusion of the duodenal loop with 100 mM HCl for 2 h caused a few hemorrhagic lesions in the mucosa, and this response was significantly worsened by the prior administration of SnPP and indomethacin. The expression of HO-1 but not HO-2 protein was up-regulated in the duodenum after the acid treatment. These results suggest that CO, generated endogenously or exogenously, stimulates HCO(3)(-) secretion in the duodenum, and this effect is mediated by endogenous PGs. It is assumed that HO/CO plays a role in maintaining the integrity of the duodenal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Takasuka
- Division of Pathological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
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