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Jung EJ, Cho SS, Lee HE, Min J, Jang TW, Kang MY. Association between social jetlag and self-rated health: Evidence from Korean representative working population. Sleep Med 2024; 114:86-91. [PMID: 38160581 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2023.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social jetlag is a circadian misalignment that arises from a discrepancy between activity/sleep schedules on school/work days and free days. This study explored the correlation between social jetlag and self-rated health (SRH) in a representative sample of Korea. METHODS This study included 8259 working population in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2016-2018. Social jetlag was calculated as the difference between the midpoint of sleep time on work day and work-free day. Five-point Likert scale of SRH was used to assess subjective health perception on general health conditions. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) for poor SRH in the 1-2 h or longer than 2 h social jetlag groups compared to that in the reference group (less than 1 h), after adjusting for age, sex, marital status, occupation, household income, and weekly working hours. RESULTS The proportions of those with <1 h, 1-2 h, >2 h of social jetlag were 63.80 %, 25.67 %, and 10.53 %, respectively. The risk of poor SRH increased as social jetlag increased. Greater social jetlag was significantly associated with an increased likelihood of reporting poor SRH. The adjusted ORs for the groups with social jetlag between 1 and <2 h, and >2 h were 1.100 (95 % CI = 0.935-1.295), and 1.503 (95 % CI = 1.097-1.727), respectively. Moreover, the OR trend was statistically significant (p for trend = 0.008). CONCLUSION This study found that social jetlag and poor SRH were significantly related in the Korean working population.
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Affiliation(s)
- En-Joo Jung
- Department of Public Health Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Sik Cho
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Eun Lee
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeehee Min
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Won Jang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mo-Yeol Kang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Miro C, Docimo A, Barrea L, Verde L, Cernea S, Sojat AS, Marina LV, Docimo G, Colao A, Dentice M, Muscogiuri G. "Time" for obesity-related cancer: The role of the circadian rhythm in cancer pathogenesis and treatment. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 91:99-109. [PMID: 36893964 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
The circadian rhythm is regulated by an intrinsic time-tracking system, composed both of a central and a peripheral clock, which influences the cycles of activities and sleep of an individual over 24 h. At the molecular level, the circadian rhythm begins when two basic helix-loop-helix/Per-ARNT-SIM (bHLH-PAS) proteins, BMAL-1 and CLOCK, interact with each other to produce BMAL-1/CLOCK heterodimers in the cytoplasm. The BMAL-1/CLOCK target genes encode for the repressor components of the clock, cryptochrome (Cry1 and Cry2) and the Period proteins (Per1, Per2 and Per3). It has been recently demonstrated that the disruption of circadian rhythm is associated with an increased risk of developing obesity and obesity-related diseases. In addition, it has been demonstrated that the disruption of the circadian rhythm plays a key role in tumorigenesis. Further, an association between the circadian rhythm disruptions and an increased incidence and progression of several types of cancer (e.g., breast, prostate, colorectal and thyroid cancer) has been found. As the perturbation of circadian rhythm has adverse metabolic consequences (e.g., obesity) and at the same time tumor promoter functions, this manuscript has the aim to report how the aberrant circadian rhythms affect the development and prognosis of different types of obesity-related cancers (breast, prostate, colon rectal and thyroid cancer) focusing on both human studies and on molecular aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Miro
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Docimo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia ed Andrologia, Università Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Barrea
- Dipartimento di Scienze Umanistiche, Università Telematica Pegaso, 80143 Naples, Italy
| | - Ludovica Verde
- Department of Public Health, University of Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Cernea
- George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mures/Internal Medicine I, Târgu Mureş, Romania; Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Outpatient Unit, Emergency County Clinical Hospital, Târgu Mureş, Romania
| | - Antoan Stefan Sojat
- National Centre for Infertility and Endocrinology of Gender, Clinic for Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Serbia
| | - Ljiljana V Marina
- National Centre for Infertility and Endocrinology of Gender, Clinic for Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Serbia
| | - Giovanni Docimo
- Department of Medical and Advanced Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia ed Andrologia, Università Federico II, Naples, Italy; UNESCO Chair "Education for Health and Sustainable Development", University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Dentice
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia ed Andrologia, Università Federico II, Naples, Italy; UNESCO Chair "Education for Health and Sustainable Development", University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
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Yavuz AY, Uysal E. Treatment method selection for sleep quality due to lumbar DISC herniation: Early surgery or others?; A single center clinical trial. J Clin Neurosci 2022; 101:162-167. [PMID: 35597065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2022.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Sleep deprivation may lead to individual and social insufficiency associated with many physiological and psychological pathologies. This study is reported to investigate sleep quality and the relationship between treatment modalities of lumbar disc herniation, which is the most common cause of chronic lower back pain and sciatica. MATERIALS AND METHODS This present study was conducted on 249 cases with chronic lower back pain and sciatica caused by a single- level lumbar disc herniation diagnosed after lumbar MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) between June 2017 and September 2019. Cases were divided into three groups according to the treatment modalities: early surgical treatment (n:80), extended conservative treatment (n:142), and medical treatment only (n:27). VAS (Visual Analog Scale) and PSQI (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) data before the treatment and 6 months after the treatment were statistically analyzed. RESULTS It was determined that post-treatment VAS and PSQI scores were significantly reduced in all cases, regardless of the differences in treatment modalities (p < 0.05). In the early surgical treatment group, VAS score was improved by 69% and PSQI score was improved by 63.8%. These values were 28.5% and 38.6% in the extended conservative treatment. However, VAS score was increased by 27% in the patients who received only medical treatment. Statistical analysis of the treatment modalities showed that early surgical treatment was superior to the other treatment modalities (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS It was determined that early surgical treatment of lumbar disc herniation was superior to other treatment methods in terms of maintaining the sleep quality impairments associated with deterioration in sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Yasin Yavuz
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Prof. Dr. Cemil Taşçıoğlu City Hospital, Turkey.
| | - Ece Uysal
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Prof. Dr. Cemil Taşçıoğlu City Hospital, Turkey.
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Newsome FA, Gravlee CC, Cardel MI. Systemic and Environmental Contributors to Obesity Inequities in Marginalized Racial and Ethnic Groups. Nurs Clin North Am 2021; 56:619-634. [PMID: 34749900 DOI: 10.1016/j.cnur.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial disease that disproportionally affects diverse racial and ethnic groups. Structural racism influences racial inequities in obesity prevalence through environmental factors, such as racism and discrimination, socioeconomic status, increased levels of stress, and bias in the health care delivery system. Researchers, clinicians, and policy makers must work to address the environmental and systematic barriers that contribute to health inequities in the United States. Specifically, clinicians should quantitatively and qualitatively assess environmental and social factors and proactively engage in patient-centered care to tailor available treatments based on identified needs and experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith A Newsome
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida College of Medicine, 2197 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Clarence C Gravlee
- Department of Anthropology, University of Florida College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, 1112 Turlington Hall, PO Box 117305, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Michelle I Cardel
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida College of Medicine, 2197 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; WW International, Inc, New York, NY, USA
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Rumble DD, O'Neal K, Overstreet DS, Penn TM, Jackson P, Aroke EN, Sims AM, King AL, Hasan FN, Quinn TL, Long DL, Sorge RE, Goodin BR. Sleep and neighborhood socioeconomic status: a micro longitudinal study of chronic low-back pain and pain-free individuals. J Behav Med 2021; 44:811-821. [PMID: 34106368 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-021-00234-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with chronic low back pain (cLBP) frequently report sleep disturbances. Living in a neighborhood characterized by low-socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with a variety of negative health outcomes, including poor sleep. Whether low-neighborhood SES exacerbates sleep disturbances of people with cLBP, relative to pain-free individuals, has not previously been observed. This study compared associations between neighborhood-level SES, pain-status (cLBP vs. pain-free), and daily sleep metrics in 117 adults (cLBP = 82, pain-free = 35). Neighborhood-level SES was gathered from Neighborhood Atlas, which provides a composite measurement of overall neighborhood deprivation (e.g. area deprivation index). Individuals completed home sleep monitoring for 7-consecutive days/nights. Neighborhood SES and pain-status were tested as predictors of actigraphic sleep variables (e.g., sleep efficiency). Analyses revealed neighborhood-level SES and neighborhood-level SES*pain-status interaction significantly impacted objective sleep quality. These findings provide initial support for the negative impact of low neighborhood-level SES and chronic pain on sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna D Rumble
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Boulevard, Campbell Hall, Room 237B, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
| | | | - Demario S Overstreet
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Boulevard, Campbell Hall, Room 237B, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Terence M Penn
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Boulevard, Campbell Hall, Room 237B, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Pamela Jackson
- School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Edwin N Aroke
- School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Andrew M Sims
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Annabel L King
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Boulevard, Campbell Hall, Room 237B, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Fariha N Hasan
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Boulevard, Campbell Hall, Room 237B, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Tammie L Quinn
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Boulevard, Campbell Hall, Room 237B, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - D Leann Long
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Robert E Sorge
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Boulevard, Campbell Hall, Room 237B, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Burel R Goodin
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Boulevard, Campbell Hall, Room 237B, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
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Ahn S, Lobo JM, Logan JG, Kang H, Kwon Y, Sohn MW. A scoping review of racial/ethnic disparities in sleep. Sleep Med 2021; 81:169-179. [PMID: 33713923 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite remarkable achievements in ensuring health equity, racial/ethnic disparities in sleep still persist and are emerging as a major area of concern. Accumulating evidence has not yet been well characterized from a broad perspective. We conducted a scoping review of studies on sleep disparities by race/ethnicity to summarize characteristics of existing studies and identify evidence gaps. METHODS We searched PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases for studies of racial/ethnic disparities in sleep. Studies that met inclusion criteria were retrieved and organized in a data charting form by study design, sleep measuring methods, sleep features, and racial/ethnic comparisons. RESULTS One hundred sixteen studies were included in this review. Most studies focused on disparities between Whites and Blacks. Disproportionately fewer studies examined disparities for Hispanic, Asian, and other racial/ethnic groups. Self-reported sleep was most frequently used. Sleep duration, overall sleep quality, and sleep disordered breathing were frequently studied, whereas other features including sleep efficiency, latency, continuity, and architecture were understudied, particularly in racial minority groups in the US. Current study findings on racial/ethnic disparities in most of sleep features is mixed and inconclusive. CONCLUSIONS This review identified significant evidence gaps in racial/ethnic disparities research on sleep. Our results suggest a need for more studies examining diverse sleep features using standardized and robust measuring methods for more valid comparisons of sleep health in diverse race/ethnicity groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soojung Ahn
- School of Nursing, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jennifer M Lobo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jeongok G Logan
- School of Nursing, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Hyojung Kang
- College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Younghoon Kwon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Min-Woong Sohn
- Department of Health Management and Policy, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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7
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Euteneuer F, Süssenbach P. Longitudinal Reciprocal Relationships Between Subjective Social Status and Short Sleep Duration in a German Population-Based Sample. Nat Sci Sleep 2021; 13:803-810. [PMID: 34168510 PMCID: PMC8216750 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s301293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Low socioeconomic status is associated with short sleep duration. Most studies in this area have used measures of objective socioeconomic status (OSS) such as income, education, or occupation. Subjective social status (SSS) refers to one's perceived standing in the social hierarchy. Cross-sectional findings suggest that lower SSS is associated with short sleep duration beyond the effect of OSS. This work examines longitudinal associations between SSS, OSS, and short sleep duration. METHODS Reciprocal associations of national SSS (ie, comparison with people in one's country), local SSS (ie, comparison with people in one's social environment), and OSS (ie, income and education) with sleep duration were examined across two data waves with a two-year time lag using cross-lagged panel modeling. Participants of this secondary analysis were 2156 individuals who participated in a representative German panel. RESULTS Lower national SSS (but not local SSS) and lower income at baseline predicted short sleep duration at follow-up. When considering indicators of SSS and OSS simultaneously, only national SSS remained a significant predictor of short sleep duration. A half-longitudinal mediation analysis indicated that national SSS mediates associations between lower OSS and short sleep duration. CONCLUSION One's perceived socioeconomic position in the country is a relevant predictor of short sleep duration and could be a psychological link between OSS and short sleep duration as mediation analyses suggest. Future studies on socioeconomic status and sleep should thus take into account subjective measures of socioeconomic status to gain a clearer picture of the social determinants of sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Euteneuer
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Süssenbach
- Fachhochschule des Mittelstands (FHM) Bielefeld-University of Applied Sciences, Bielefeld, Germany
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Sleep dissatisfaction and insufficient sleep duration in the Italian population. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17943. [PMID: 33087728 PMCID: PMC7578786 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72612-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the prevalence and possible determinants of sleep quality and quantity, we used data from a cross-sectional study conducted in 2019 on a sample of 3120 subjects, representative of the general Italian adult population. Sleep dissatisfaction was reported by 14.2% and insufficient sleep (duration) by 29.5% of adults. Sleep dissatisfaction and insufficient sleep were directly related with age (p for trend < 0.001), and inversely related with socioeconomic class (p for trend < 0.001) and income (p for trend < 0.001). Sleep dissatisfaction was higher among women (odds ratio, OR 1.30; 95% confidence interval, CI 1.05–1.60). Insufficient sleep was inversely related to education (p for trend < 0.001) and more frequent in current compared to never smokers (OR 1.32; 95% CI 1.08–1.61). Sleep dissatisfaction was higher among divorced/separated compared with married subjects (OR 1.75; 95% CI 1.20–2.58) and lower among subjects living with children aged 0–14 years (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.33–0.70). Pet owners more frequently had sleep dissatisfaction (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.08–1.68) and insufficient sleep (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.23–1.73). In Italy, self-perceived sleep problems appear to be increasing. Sleep problems can contribute to aggravating health disparities in the society. The unfavourable relationship with pets (and the favourable ones with children) should be confirmed by longitudinal studies.
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10
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Petrovic D, Haba-Rubio J, de Mestral Vargas C, Kelly-Irving M, Vineis P, Kivimäki M, Nyberg S, Gandini M, Bochud M, Vollenweider P, d’Errico A, Barros H, Fraga S, Goldberg M, Zins M, Steptoe A, Delpierre C, Heinzer R, Carmeli C, Chadeau-Hyam M, Stringhini S. The contribution of sleep to social inequalities in cardiovascular disorders: a multi-cohort study. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:1514-1524. [PMID: 31754700 PMCID: PMC7425783 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Sleep disturbances exhibit a strong social patterning, and inadequate sleep has been associated with adverse health outcomes, including cardiovascular disorders (CVD). However, the contribution of sleep to socioeconomic inequalities in CVD is unclear. This study pools data from eight European cohorts to investigate the role of sleep duration in the association between life-course socioeconomic status (SES) and CVD. METHODS AND RESULTS We used cross-sectional data from eight European cohorts, totalling 111 205 participants. Life-course SES was assessed using father's and adult occupational position. Self-reported sleep duration was categorized into recommended (6-8.5 h/night), long (>8.5 h/night), and short (<6 h/night). We examined two cardiovascular outcomes: coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke. Main analyses were conducted using pooled data and examined the association between life-course SES and CVD, and the contribution of sleep duration to this gradient using counterfactual mediation. Low father's occupational position was associated with an increased risk of CHD (men: OR = 1.19, 95% CI [1.04; 1.37]; women: OR = 1.25, 95% CI [1.02; 1.54]), with marginal decrease of the gradient after accounting for adult occupational position (men: OR = 1.17, 95% CI [1.02; 1.35]; women: OR = 1.22, 95% CI [0.99; 1.52]), and no mediating effect by short sleep duration. Low adult occupational position was associated with an increased risk of CHD in both men and women (men: OR = 1.48, 95% CI [1.14; 1.92]; women: OR = 1.53, 95% CI [1.04; 2.21]). Short sleep duration meaningfully contributed to the association between adult occupational position and CHD in men, with 13.4% mediation. Stroke did not exhibit a social patterning with any of the variables examined. CONCLUSION This study suggests that inadequate sleep accounts to a meaningful proportion of the association between adult occupational position and CHD, at least in men. With sleep increasingly being considered an important cardiovascular risk factor in its own terms, our study additionally points to its potential role in social inequalities in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusan Petrovic
- Centre universitaire de médecine Générale et santé publique (UNISANTÉ), Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Route de la Corniche 10, 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - José Haba-Rubio
- Center for Investigation and Research in Sleep, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carlos de Mestral Vargas
- Centre universitaire de médecine Générale et santé publique (UNISANTÉ), Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Route de la Corniche 10, 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michelle Kelly-Irving
- INSERM, UMR 1027, Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, UMR1027, Toulouse, France
| | - Paolo Vineis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mika Kivimäki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Solja Nyberg
- Clinicum, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Martina Gandini
- Epidemiology Unit, ASL TO3 Piedmont Region, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Murielle Bochud
- Centre universitaire de médecine Générale et santé publique (UNISANTÉ), Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Route de la Corniche 10, 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Peter Vollenweider
- Centre universitaire de médecine Générale et santé publique (UNISANTÉ), Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Route de la Corniche 10, 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Angelo d’Errico
- Epidemiology Unit, ASL TO3 Piedmont Region, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Henrique Barros
- EPIUnit-Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Silvia Fraga
- EPIUnit-Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marcel Goldberg
- Population-Based Epidemiological Cohorts Unit, INSERM UMS 11, Villejuif, France
- Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Marie Zins
- Population-Based Epidemiological Cohorts Unit, INSERM UMS 11, Villejuif, France
- Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Andrew Steptoe
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Cyrille Delpierre
- INSERM, UMR 1027, Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, UMR1027, Toulouse, France
| | - Raphael Heinzer
- Center for Investigation and Research in Sleep, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cristian Carmeli
- Centre universitaire de médecine Générale et santé publique (UNISANTÉ), Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Route de la Corniche 10, 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marc Chadeau-Hyam
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Silvia Stringhini
- Centre universitaire de médecine Générale et santé publique (UNISANTÉ), Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Route de la Corniche 10, 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Unit of Population Epidemiology, Primary Care Division, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
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11
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Health risk behaviours and allostatic load: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 108:694-711. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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12
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Singh EI, Vitzthum VJ. Community, household, and individual correlates of sleep behaviors in Guyanese female youth. Am J Hum Biol 2019; 31:e23291. [PMID: 31287207 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chronic sleep loss among youth is a worldwide health problem. Since research on its predictors is often limited to high-income countries, it is unclear if these findings are generalizable to all populations. To address this gap from an ecological perspective, we evaluated the associations between adolescents' sleep behaviors and several factors at the community, household, and individual levels in a middle-income country. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of 73 girls (mean age = 14.5 y; range = 11-18 y) in rural and urban communities in Guyana. Sleep behaviors (nap-duration, bedtime, rise-time, night-bed-duration, and sleep-duration) were assessed with interviews and monitored up to 7 consecutive days using waist-worn accelerometers. RESULTS Similar to other settings, Guyanese urban youth reported significantly later bedtimes than rural youth, and increasing age was associated with later bedtime and shorter night-bed-duration. In contrast to the association observed in high-income countries, increasing household poverty scores in Guyana were associated with longer night-bed-duration. CONCLUSIONS Although the relationships between locale, age, and sleep in Guyana paralleled patterns seen in high-income countries, the positive relationship between poverty and sleep diverges from previous reports. These findings suggest that predictors of chronic sleep loss seen in high-income countries are likely to differ from those in middle- and low-income countries. More sleep studies in underrepresented populations are needed to gain a comprehensive understanding of adolescent sleep behavior and its correlates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evanna I Singh
- Department of Anthropology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana.,Evolutionary Anthropology Laboratory, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Virginia J Vitzthum
- Department of Anthropology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana.,Evolutionary Anthropology Laboratory, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana.,Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
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Hosokawa R, Katsura T. Association between mobile technology use and child adjustment in early elementary school age. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199959. [PMID: 30044819 PMCID: PMC6059409 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The time that children spend using digital devices is increasing rapidly with the development of new portable and instantly accessible technology, such as smartphones and digital tablets. Although prior studies have examined the effects of traditional media on children’s development, there is limited evidence on the impact of mobile device use. The current study aimed to clarify the link between mobile device use and child adjustment. The sample included 1,642 children aged 6 in first grade at elementary schools in Japan. Parents completed a self-report questionnaire regarding their children’s use of mobile devices and emotional/behavioral adjustment. We performed inverse probability of treatment weighted (IPTW) logistic regression to compute odds ratios (OR) for emotional/behavioral problems according to mobile device use. The values for IPTW analysis were computed based on variables assessing sociodemographics and child characteristics. Among the participants, 230 (14.0%) were regular users (60 minutes or more on a typical day) and 1,412 (86.0%) non-regular users (under 60 minutes on a typical day). Relative to non-regular use, regular use of mobile devices was significantly linked to conduct problems (IPTW-OR: 1.77, 95% CI: [1.03–3.04], p < .05) and hyperactivity/inattention (IPTW-OR: 1.82, 95% CI: [1.15–2.87], p < .01). Based on these results, routine and frequent use of mobile devices appear to be associated with behavioral problems in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikuya Hosokawa
- School of Nursing, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Hoyniak CP, Bates JE, Staples AD, Rudasill KM, Molfese DL, Molfese VJ. Child Sleep and Socioeconomic Context in the Development of Cognitive Abilities in Early Childhood. Child Dev 2018; 90:1718-1737. [PMID: 29484637 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite a robust literature examining the association between sleep problems and cognitive abilities in childhood, little is known about this association in toddlerhood, a period of rapid cognitive development. The present study examined the association between various sleep problems, using actigraphy, and performance on a standardized test of cognitive abilities, longitudinally across three ages (30, 36, and 42 months) in a large sample of toddlers (N = 493). Results revealed a between-subject effect in which the children who had more delayed sleep schedules on average also showed poorer cognitive abilities on average but did not support a within-subjects effect. Results also showed that delayed sleep explains part of the association between family socioeconomic context and child cognitive abilities.
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Martinez SA, Beebe LA, Thompson DM, Wagener TL, Terrell DR, Campbell JE. A structural equation modeling approach to understanding pathways that connect socioeconomic status and smoking. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192451. [PMID: 29408939 PMCID: PMC5800669 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The inverse association between socioeconomic status and smoking is well established, yet the mechanisms that drive this relationship are unclear. We developed and tested four theoretical models of the pathways that link socioeconomic status to current smoking prevalence using a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach. Using data from the 2013 National Health Interview Survey, we selected four indicator variables (poverty ratio, personal earnings, educational attainment, and employment status) that we hypothesize underlie a latent variable, socioeconomic status. We measured direct, indirect, and total effects of socioeconomic status on smoking on four pathways through four latent variables representing social cohesion, financial strain, sleep disturbance, and psychological distress. Results of the model indicated that the probability of being a smoker decreased by 26% of a standard deviation for every one standard deviation increase in socioeconomic status. The direct effects of socioeconomic status on smoking accounted for the majority of the total effects, but the overall model also included significant indirect effects. Of the four mediators, sleep disturbance and psychological distress had the largest total effects on current smoking. We explored the use of structural equation modeling in epidemiology to quantify effects of socioeconomic status on smoking through four social and psychological factors to identify potential targets for interventions. A better understanding of the complex relationship between socioeconomic status and smoking is critical as we continue to reduce the burden of tobacco and eliminate health disparities related to smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney A. Martinez
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Laura A. Beebe
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - David M. Thompson
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Theodore L. Wagener
- Department of Pediatrics, Oklahoma Tobacco Research Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Deirdra R. Terrell
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Janis E. Campbell
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
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16
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The relationship between obesity and hypertension: an updated comprehensive overview on vicious twins. Hypertens Res 2017; 40:947-963. [DOI: 10.1038/hr.2017.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Pattyn N, Mairesse O, Cortoos A, Marcoen N, Neyt X, Meeusen R. Sleep during an Antarctic summer expedition: new light on “polar insomnia”. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 122:788-794. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00606.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep complaints are consistently cited as the most prominent health and well-being problem in Arctic and Antarctic expeditions, without clear evidence to identify the causal mechanisms. The present investigation aimed at studying sleep and determining circadian regulation and mood during a 4-mo Antarctic summer expedition. All data collection was performed during the continuous illumination of the Antarctic summer. After an habituation night and acclimatization to the environment (3 wk), ambulatory polysomnography (PSG) was performed in 21 healthy male subjects, free of medication. An 18-h profile (saliva sampling every 2 h) of cortisol and melatonin was assessed. Mood, sleepiness, and subjective sleep quality were assessed, and the psychomotor vigilance task was administered. PSG showed, in addition to high sleep fragmentation, a major decrease in slow-wave sleep (SWS) and an increase in stage R sleep. Furthermore, the ultradian rhythmicity of sleep was altered, with SWS occurring mainly at the end of the night and stage R sleep at the beginning. Cortisol secretion profiles were normal; melatonin secretion, however, showed a severe phase delay. There were no mood alterations according to the Profile of Mood States scores, but the psychomotor vigilance test showed an impaired vigilance performance. These results confirm previous reports on “polar insomnia”, the decrease in SWS, and present novel insight, the disturbed ultradian sleep structure. A hypothesis is formulated linking the prolonged SWS latency to the phase delay in melatonin. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The present paper presents a rare body of work on sleep and sleep wake regulation in the extreme environment of an Antarctic expedition, documenting the effects of constant illumination on sleep, mood, and chronobiology. For applied research, these results suggest the potential efficiency of melatonin supplementation in similar deployments. For fundamental research, these results warrant further investigation of the potential link between melatonin secretion and the onset of slow-wave sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Pattyn
- VIPER Research Unit, Royal Military Academy, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- Human Physiology and Sports Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Mairesse
- VIPER Research Unit, Royal Military Academy, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- Sleep Unit, CHU Brugmann, Brussels, Belgium; and
| | - Aisha Cortoos
- VIPER Research Unit, Royal Military Academy, Brussels, Belgium
- Sleep Unit, Department of Pneumology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nele Marcoen
- VIPER Research Unit, Royal Military Academy, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Xavier Neyt
- VIPER Research Unit, Royal Military Academy, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Romain Meeusen
- Human Physiology and Sports Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
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18
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Nettle D. Does Hunger Contribute to Socioeconomic Gradients in Behavior? Front Psychol 2017; 8:358. [PMID: 28344567 PMCID: PMC5344891 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent research has uncovered many examples of socioeconomic gradients in behavior and psychological states. As yet there is no theoretical consensus on the nature of the causal processes that produce these gradients. Here, I present the hunger hypothesis, namely the claim that part of the reason that people of lower socioeconomic position behave and feel as they do is that they are relatively often hungry. The hunger hypothesis applies in particular to impulsivity-hyperactivity, irritability-aggression, anxiety, and persistent narcotic use, all of which have been found to show socioeconomic gradients. I review multiple lines of evidence showing that hunger produces strong increases in these outcomes. I also review the literatures on food insufficiency and food insecurity to show that, within affluent societies, the poor experience a substantial burden of hunger, despite obtaining sufficient or excess calories on average. This leads to the distinctive prediction that hunger is an important mediator of the relationships between socioeconomic variables and the behavioral/psychological outcomes. This approach has a number of far-reaching implications, not least that some behavioral and psychological differences between social groups, though persistent under current economic arrangements, are potentially highly reversible with changes to the distribution of financial resources and food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Nettle
- Centre for Behaviour and Evolution, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle, UK
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Garfield V, Llewellyn CH, Steptoe A, Kumari M. Investigating the Bidirectional Associations of Adiposity with Sleep Duration in Older Adults: The English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). Sci Rep 2017; 7:40250. [PMID: 28067295 PMCID: PMC5220373 DOI: 10.1038/srep40250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cross-sectional analyses of adiposity and sleep duration in younger adults suggest that increased adiposity is associated with shorter sleep. Prospective studies have yielded mixed findings, and the direction of this association in older adults is unclear. We examined the cross-sectional and potential bi-directional, prospective associations between adiposity and sleep duration (covariates included demographics, health behaviours, and health problems) in 5,015 respondents from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), at baseline and follow-up. Following adjustment for covariates, we observed no significant cross-sectional relationship between body mass index (BMI) and sleep duration [(unstandardized) B = −0.28 minutes, (95% Confidence Intervals (CI) = −0.012; 0.002), p = 0.190], or waist circumference (WC) and sleep duration [(unstandardized) B = −0.10 minutes, (95% CI = −0.004; 0.001), p = 0.270]. Prospectively, both baseline BMI [B = −0.42 minutes, (95% CI = −0.013; −0.002), p = 0.013] and WC [B = −0.18 minutes, (95% CI = −0.005; −0.000), p = 0.016] were associated with decreased sleep duration at follow-up, independently of covariates. There was, however, no association between baseline sleep duration and change in BMI or WC (p > 0.05). In older adults, our findings suggested that greater adiposity is associated with decreases in sleep duration over time; however the effect was very small.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Garfield
- Department of Epidemiology &Public Health, University College London, UK
| | - Clare H Llewellyn
- Department of Epidemiology &Public Health, University College London, UK
| | - Andrew Steptoe
- Department of Epidemiology &Public Health, University College London, UK
| | - Meena Kumari
- Department of Epidemiology &Public Health, University College London, UK.,Institute for Social &Economic Research, University of Essex, UK
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20
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Zach A, Meyer N, Hendrowarsito L, Kolb S, Bolte G, Nennstiel-Ratzel U, Stilianakis NI, Herr C. Association of sociodemographic and environmental factors with the mental health status among preschool children—Results from a cross-sectional study in Bavaria, Germany. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2016; 219:458-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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21
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Paine SJ, Gander PH, Travier N. The Epidemiology of Morningness/Eveningness: Influence of Age, Gender, Ethnicity, and Socioeconomic Factors in Adults (30-49 Years). J Biol Rhythms 2016; 21:68-76. [PMID: 16461986 DOI: 10.1177/0748730405283154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Horne and Ostberg Morningness/Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) is widely used to differentiate between morning and evening types, but there is very little epidemiological evidence about the distribution of MEQ chronotypes in the general population. The purpose of the present study was to simultaneously investigate the influence of demographic, socioeconomic, and work factors on the distribution of morningness/eveningness. A New Zealand version of the MEQ was mailed to 5000 New Zealand adults, ages 30 to 49 years, who were randomly selected from the electoral rolls (55.7% response rate). A total of 2526 questionnaires were included in the analyses. According to the Horne and Ostberg classification, 49.8% of the total population was classified as morning type compared to 5.6% having an evening-type preference. However, using new cutoffs for middle-aged working adults described by Taillard et al. (2004), 24.7% of the population was morning type and 26.4% was evening type. After controlling for ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic deprivation, participants ages 30 to 34 years were more likely to be definitely evening type (odds ratio [OR] = 1.59, p < 0.05) and less likely to be morning type (moderately morning type, OR = 0.59, p < 0.01, or definitely morning type, OR = 0.59, p < 0.05) compared to those ages 45 to 49 years. Work schedules were also important predictors of chronotype, with night workers more likely to be definitely evening type (OR = 1.49, p = 0.05) and the unemployed less likely to be moderately morning type (OR = 0.64, p < 0.05) compared to other workers. Evening types were 2.5 times more likely to report that their general health was only poor or fair compared to morning types ( p < 0.01). This study confirms that the original criteria of Horne and Ostberg (1976) are not useful for classifying chronotypes in a middle-aged population. The authors conclude that morningness/eveningness preference is largely independent of ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic position, indicating that it is a stable characteristic that may be better explained by endogenous factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah-Jane Paine
- Sleep/Wake Research Centre, Research School of Public Health, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand.
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23
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Abstract
Nurses have defined their domain as holistic with a focus of promoting health. Cultural conceptualizations of health and illness have been changing toward a more complex understanding enriched by perspectives from many disciplines. Health, a more holistic concept than disease, has invited expanded cognitive constructions that accommodate an understanding of the biology, environment, social position, and the role of the mind, culture, spirituality, race, and sex. These have changed our metaphors of the body and expanded the focus to the health-illness experience. These areas are discussed with implications for nursing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Engebretson
- University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston School of Nursing, USA
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24
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Hossin MZ. From habitual sleep hours to morbidity and mortality: existing evidence, potential mechanisms, and future agenda. Sleep Health 2016; 2:146-153. [PMID: 28923258 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies consistently show a strong U-shaped association between sleep duration and health outcomes. That is, both short and long sleepers are exposed to greater risks of death and diseases than normal length sleepers. Moreover, long sleep is often demonstrated as a stronger predictor of mortality than short sleep. While there is some experimental evidence in favor of a causal connection between short sleep and health, no such evidence exists to explain why excessive sleep might be associated with poor health. One possible explanation is that long duration sleep, instead of being a real cause of illness, is merely a marker of poor sleep quality or some unmeasured risk factor that confounds the association of long habitual sleep with mortality and other health outcomes. As for short sleep, the effect is said to be mediated via the hormones that alters glucose metabolism and appetite regulation as well as via an overactivity of the stress systems that causes increased heart rate and blood pressure. The mechanisms, however, are still poorly understood and future investigations should take into account sleep quality, objective and longitudinal sleep measures, more confounding biases, and the broad social context that influences the length and quality of sleep.
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Correlates of self-reported sleep duration in middle-aged and elderly Koreans: from the Health Examinees Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123510. [PMID: 25933418 PMCID: PMC4416918 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Though various factors related to fluctuations in sleep duration have been identified, information remains limited regarding the correlates of short and long sleep duration among the Korean population. Thus, we investigated characteristics that could be associated with short and/or long sleep duration among middle-aged and elderly Koreans. A total of 84,094 subjects (27,717 men and 56,377 women) who participated in the Health Examinees Study were analyzed by using multinomial logistic regression models. To evaluate whether sociodemographic factors, lifestyle factors, psychological conditions, anthropometry results, and health conditions were associated with short and/or long sleep duration, odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated with sleep duration of 6-7 hours as the reference group, accounting for putative covariates. Regardless of sexual differences, we found that adverse behaviors and lifestyle factors including low educational attainment, unemployment, being unmarried, current smoking status, lack of exercise, having irregular meals, poor psychosocial well-being, frequent stress events, and poor self-rated health were significantly associated with abnormal sleep duration. Similarly, diabetes mellitus and depression showed positive associations with abnormal sleep duration in both men and women. Our findings suggest that low sociodemographic characteristics, adverse lifestyle factors, poor psychological conditions, and certain disease morbidities could be associated with abnormal sleep duration in middle-aged and elderly Koreans.
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Stringhini S, Haba-Rubio J, Marques-Vidal P, Waeber G, Preisig M, Guessous I, Bovet P, Vollenweider P, Tafti M, Heinzer R. Association of socioeconomic status with sleep disturbances in the Swiss population-based CoLaus study. Sleep Med 2015; 16:469-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2014.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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27
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Ogbeide SA, Neumann CA. Sleep and the Social Matrix: Determinants of Health Status Beyond Objective Social Status. PSYCHOLOGY, COMMUNITY & HEALTH 2015. [DOI: 10.5964/pch.v4i1.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between subjective social status (SSS) and objective socioeconomic status (SES) on sleep status (sleep duration and daytime sleepiness). Method The study sample included 73 primary care patients from a free medical clinic in which low-income individuals are primarily treated. Subjective social status was measured using the MacArthur Scale of Subjective Social Status which uses a pictorial format (social ladder) in order to assess current social status. Socioeconomic status was measured by assessing highest level of education and current income level. Results Community SSS did not significantly predict sleep duration or daytime sleepiness. Additional regression analyses were conducted and it was found that an overall model of U.S. SSS and community SSS significantly predicted perceived stress. Community SSS was found to be significantly associated with perceived stress. Regression results also indicated that an overall model of U.S. SSS and community SSS significantly predicted perceived health status. Conclusion It may be beneficial for clinicians working with low-income primary care populations to include measures of SSS in addition to the traditional measures of SES for multidimensional patient care.
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28
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Culture, inequality, and health: evidence from the MIDUS and MIDJA comparison. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 3:1-20. [PMID: 25750852 PMCID: PMC4342505 DOI: 10.1007/s40167-015-0025-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This article seeks to forge scientific connections between three overarching themes (culture, inequality, health). Although the influence of cultural context on human experience has gained notable research prominence, it has rarely embraced another large arena of science focused on the influence social hierarchies have on how well and how long people live. That literature is increasingly focused psychosocial factors, working interactively with biological and brain-based mechanisms, to account for why those with low socioeconomic standing have poorer health. Our central question is whether and how these processes might vary by cultural context. We draw on emerging findings from two parallel studies, Midlife in the U.S. and Midlife in Japan, to illustrate the cultural specificity evident in how psychosocial and neurobiological factors are linked with each other as well as how position in social hierarchies matters for psychological experience and biology. We conclude with suggestions for future multidisciplinary research seeking to understand how social hierarchies matter for people's health, albeit in ways that may possibly differ across cultural contexts.
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29
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Juster RP, McEwen BS. Sleep and chronic stress: new directions for allostatic load research. Sleep Med 2015; 16:7-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2014.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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30
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Clark AJ, Dich N, Lange T, Jennum P, Hansen ÅM, Lund R, Rod NH. Impaired sleep and allostatic load: cross-sectional results from the Danish Copenhagen Aging and Midlife Biobank. Sleep Med 2014; 15:1571-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2014.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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31
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Bickel WK, Moody L, Quisenberry AJ, Ramey CT, Sheffer CE. A Competing Neurobehavioral Decision Systems model of SES-related health and behavioral disparities. Prev Med 2014; 68:37-43. [PMID: 25008219 PMCID: PMC4253853 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We propose that executive dysfunction is an important component relating to the socio-economic status gradient of select health behaviors. We review and find evidence supporting an SES gradient associated with (1) negative health behaviors (e.g., obesity, excessive use of alcohol, tobacco and other substances), and (2) executive dysfunction. Moreover, the evidence supports that stress and insufficient cognitive resources contribute to executive dysfunction and that executive dysfunction is evident among individuals who smoke cigarettes, are obese, abuse alcohol, and use illicit drugs. Collectively these data support the dual system model of cognitive control, referred to here as the Competing Neurobehavioral Decision Systems hypothesis. The implications of these relationships for intervention and social justice considerations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- W K Bickel
- Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA.
| | - L Moody
- Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - A J Quisenberry
- Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - C T Ramey
- Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - C E Sheffer
- The City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
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32
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Antillón M, Lauderdale DS, Mullahy J. Sleep behavior and unemployment conditions. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2014; 14:22-32. [PMID: 24958451 PMCID: PMC4083051 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Recent research has reported that habitually short sleep duration is a risk factor for declining health, including increased risk of obesity, diabetes and coronary heart disease. In this study we investigate whether macroeconomic conditions are associated with variation in mean sleep time in the United States, and if so, whether the effect is procyclical or countercyclical. We merge state unemployment rates from 2003 through 2012 with the American Time Use Survey, a nationally representative sample of adults with 24h time diaries. We find that higher aggregate unemployment is associated with longer mean sleep duration, with each additional point of state unemployment associated with an additional average 0.83 min of sleep (p<0.001), after adjusting for a secular trend of increasing sleep over the time period. Despite a national poll in 2009 that found one-third of Americans reporting losing sleep over the economy, we do not find that higher state unemployment is associated with more sleeplessness. Instead, we find that higher state unemployment is associated with less frequent time use described as "sleeplessness" (marginal effect=0.05 at 4% unemployment and 0.034 at 14% unemployment, p<0.001), after controlling for a secular trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Antillón
- Yale University, 60 College Street, P.O. Box 208034, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Diane S Lauderdale
- University of Chicago, 5841 S, Maryland Ave. MC 2007, Chicago, IL 60637, United States.
| | - John Mullahy
- University of Wisconsin, 610 Walnut Street Room 787, WARF Building, Madison, WI 53726, United States
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33
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Simonelli G, Leanza Y, Boilard A, Hyland M, Augustinavicius JL, Cardinali DP, Vallières A, Pérez-Chada D, Vigo DE. Sleep and quality of life in urban poverty: the effect of a slum housing upgrading program. Sleep 2013; 36:1669-76. [PMID: 24179300 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.3124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of a housing transition on sleep quality and quality of life in slum dwellers, participating in a slum housing upgrading program. DESIGN Observational before-and-after study with a convergent-parallel mixed method design. SETTING Five slums located in the metropolitan area of Buenos Aires, Argentina. PARTICIPANTS A total of 150 slum dwellers benefited by a housing program of the nonprofit organization TECHO (spanish word for "roof"). INTERVENTIONS Participants moved from their very low-quality house to a basic prefabricated 18 m(2) modular house provided by TECHO. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and World Health Organization Quality of Life brief scale (WHOQOL-BREF) were administered before and after housing upgrading. Data about housing conditions, income, education, sleeping conditions, and cardiovascular risk were also collected. Semistructured interviews were used to expand and nuance quantitative data obtained from a poorly educated sample. Results showed that sleep quality significantly increased after the housing program (z = -6.57, P < 0.001). Overall quality of life (z = -6.85, P < 0.001), physical health domain (z = -4.35, P < 0.001), psychological well-being domain (z = -3.72, P < 0.001) and environmental domain (z = -7.10, P < 0.001) of WHOQOL-BREF were also improved. Interviews demonstrated the importance of serenity for improving quality of life. CONCLUSIONS A minimal improvement in the quality of basic housing can significantly increase sleep quality and quality of life among slum dwellers. Understanding sleep and daily life conditions in informal urban settlements could help to define what kind of low-cost intervention may improve sleep quality, quality of life, and reduce existent sleep disparity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Simonelli
- Departamento de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Argentina
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Karlamangla AS, Friedman EM, Seeman TE, Stawksi RS, Almeida DM. Daytime trajectories of cortisol: demographic and socioeconomic differences--findings from the National Study of Daily Experiences. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2013; 38:2585-97. [PMID: 23831263 PMCID: PMC3812359 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cortisol's daytime rhythm is thought to be altered by aging and by exposure to chronic stress. However, measurement of an individual's usual cortisol rhythm is hampered by the effects of acute stressors, by differences between working days and weekends, by between-day variation in waking time and sleep duration, by variability in cortisol sampling times, and by possible variability in the timing of cortisol peak and nadir. Therefore, to determine differences in the usual daytime cortisol rhythm by age, socioeconomic status, and race/ethnicity, we measured salivary cortisol levels at four time-points, repeated over four days that included both weekdays and weekend days, in 1693 men and women from a national sample, and used three alternate growth curve specifications for the underlying cortisol rhythm (linear spline, quadratic spline, piece-wise linear-cubic) in order to minimize the impact of sample timing and other methodological issues. Model-predicted mean values of (and demographic and socioeconomic differences in) cortisol peak, nadir, and area under the curve (AUC) were nearly identical across model specifications. Older age and male gender were independently associated with higher cortisol peak, nadir, and AUC. Low education and minority race/ethnicity status were independently associated with lower cortisol peak and higher nadir, but were not associated with AUC. We also found significant cortisol peak and AUC associations with waking time, sleep duration, and workday vs. weekend day status, suggesting the importance of measuring these confounders and of collecting cortisol measurements over multiple days in research studies. We conclude that daytime cortisol levels are higher in older age and in men compared to women, and that the daytime cortisol rhythm is flatter (more blunted) in less privileged segments of society. Flattening of daytime cortisol rhythms may represent one mechanism by which social stressors lead to poor health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun S. Karlamangla
- University of California at Los Angeles,Corresponding Author: Arun S.
Karlamangla, PhD, MD Professor of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics David Geffen
School of Medicine at UCLA Address: 10945 Le Conte #2339, Los Angeles, CA 90095
Phone: 310-825-8253 FAX:
310-794-2199
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Brown CA, Berry R, Schmidt A. Sleep and military members: emerging issues and nonpharmacological intervention. SLEEP DISORDERS 2013; 2013:160374. [PMID: 23956864 PMCID: PMC3728519 DOI: 10.1155/2013/160374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background. Many individuals who work in the military experience sleep deficiency which presents a significant problem given the nature of their work. The cause of their sleep problems is likely multifactorial, stemming from the interplay between their personal health, habits and lifestyle juxtaposed with the stress of their military work such as emotional and physical trauma experienced in service. Objective. To present an overview of sleep deficiency in military members (MMs) and review of nonpharmacological treatment options. Discussion. Although there are a number of promising nonpharmacological treatment options available for people working in the military who experience problems sleeping, testing interventions within the context of the military are still in the early stages. Further research utilizing rigorous design and standardized, context appropriate outcome measures is needed to help treat this burgeoning problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cary A. Brown
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, 2-64 Corbett Hall, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2G4
| | - Robyn Berry
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, 2-64 Corbett Hall, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2G4
| | - Ashley Schmidt
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, 2-64 Corbett Hall, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2G4
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Jarrin DC, McGrath JJ, Quon EC. Objective and subjective socioeconomic gradients exist for sleep in children and adolescents. Health Psychol 2013; 33:301-5. [PMID: 23730721 DOI: 10.1037/a0032924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Socioeconomic position (SEP) is inversely associated with many health outcomes, yielding a socioeconomic gradient in health. In adults, low SEP is associated with short sleep duration, poorer sleep quality, and difficulty initiating and maintaining sleep. Relatively little is known about this relation in youth. The aim of the present study was to examine whether socioeconomic gradients exist for various sleep indices among a healthy sample of children and adolescents. METHOD Participants took part in the larger Healthy Heart Project and included 239 youth (69.6% Caucasian; 45.6% female), aged 8-17 years (M = 12.6, SD = 1.9). Parental income and education were used to measure objective SEP. The Subjective Social Status Scale-Youth Version was used to measure subjective SEP. Sleep duration, sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, and sleep disturbances were assessed through self- and parent-report. RESULTS In children, objective SEP was related with sleep duration (β = .35, p < .01), although subjective SEP was related with daytime sleepiness (βavg = .33, p < .01) and parent-reported sleep duration (β = .23, p < .05). In adolescents, subjective SEP was related with sleep quality (β = .28, p < .01) and parent-reported sleep duration (β = -.18, p < .05), even after controlling for objective SEP. CONCLUSIONS Socioeconomic gradients were observed for multiple sleep measures in youth. Objective parental SEP was related with sleep complaints (e.g., sleep disturbances), and subjective SEP was related with sleep quality and daytime sleepiness. Findings suggest sleep may be one pathway underlying the socioeconomic gradient in health. Future research should aim to elucidate how distinct sleep constructs may explain how socioeconomic status "gets under the skin" to affect health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise C Jarrin
- School of Psychology, Center for the Study of Sleep Disorders
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Strengthening the Case for the Influence of Sleep on Cardiovascular Health in Women. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2013; 22:475-6. [DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2013.4442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Sands-Lincoln M, Loucks EB, Lu B, Carskadon MA, Sharkey K, Stefanick ML, Ockene J, Shah N, Hairston KG, Robinson JG, Limacher M, Hale L, Eaton CB. Sleep duration, insomnia, and coronary heart disease among postmenopausal women in the Women's Health Initiative. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2013; 22:477-86. [PMID: 23651054 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2012.3918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long and short sleep duration are associated with increased risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, evidence is inconsistent. We sought to identify whether self-reported sleep duration and insomnia, based on a validated questionnaire, are associated with increased incident CHD and CVD among postmenopausal women. METHODS Women's Health Initiative Observational Study Participants (N=86,329; 50-79 years) who reported on sleep at baseline were followed for incident CVD events. Associations of sleep duration and insomnia with incident CHD and CVD were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards models over 10.3 years. RESULTS Women with high insomnia scores had elevated risk of CHD (38%) and CVD (27%) after adjustment for age and race, and in fully adjusted models (hazard ratio [HR]=1.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09-1.30; 1.11 95% CI 1.03-2.00). Shorter (≤5 hours) and longer (≥10 hours) sleep duration demonstrated significantly higher incident CHD (25%) and CVD (19%) in age- and race-adjusted models, but this was not significant in fully adjusted models. Formal tests for interaction indicated significant interactions between sleep duration and insomnia for risk of CHD (p<0.01) and CVD (p=0.02). Women with high insomnia scores and long sleep demonstrated the greatest risk of incident CHD compared to midrange sleep duration (HR=1.93, 95% CI 1.06-3.51) in fully adjusted models. CONCLUSIONS Sleep duration and insomnia are associated with CHD and CVD risk, and may interact to cause almost double the risk of CHD and CVD. Additional research is needed to understand how sleep quality modifies the association between prolonged sleep and cardiovascular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Sands-Lincoln
- Department of Medicine, Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
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Afsar B. The relationship between self-reported nocturnal sleep duration, daytime sleepiness and 24-h urinary albumin and protein excretion in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Prim Care Diabetes 2013; 7:39-44. [PMID: 23357740 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2013.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
AIM In the current study the relationship between self-reported nocturnal sleep duration (NSD) and daytime sleepiness with 24-h urinary protein excretion (UPE) and 24-h urinary albumin excretion (UAE) were investigated in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS All patients underwent history taking, physical examination, blood pressure (BP) measurement, 12 lead electrocardiographic evaluation, routine urine analysis, biochemical analysis, 24-h urine collection to measure UAE, UPE and creatinine clearance. Self reported NSD and daytime sleepiness (using Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS)) were recorded for all patients. RESULTS In total 110 patients (56 male and 54 female) were included. Self reported NSD was 7.17 ± 1.07 h. Mean ESS score was 5.59 ± 2.48. Stepwise linear regression of independent factors revealed that logarithmically converted 24-h UAE (as a dependent parameter) was related with clinical systolic BP (b: 0.01, p: 0.003), HbA1c (b: 0.082, p: 0.033), self reported NSD (b: -0.152, p: 0.004) and ESS score (b: 0.044, p: 0.043). Additionally, on the other hand, 24-h UPE was related with clinical systolic BP (b: 0.011, p: 0.001) and self reported NSD (b: -0.179, p<0.0001) in regression analysis. CONCLUSION In conclusion, 24-h UAE were independently related with self reported NSD and daytime sleepiness where as 24-h UPE was related with only NSD in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baris Afsar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Konya Numune State Hospital, Konya, Turkey.
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Jarrin DC, McGrath JJ, Silverstein JE, Drake C. Objective and subjective socioeconomic gradients exist for sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, weekend oversleep, and daytime sleepiness in adults. Behav Sleep Med 2013; 11:144-58. [PMID: 23136841 PMCID: PMC5729010 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2011.636112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Socioeconomic gradients exist for multiple health outcomes. Lower objective socioeconomic position (SEP), whether measured by income, education, or occupation, is associated with inadequate sleep. Less is known about whether one's perceived ranking of their social status, or subjective SEP, affects sleep. This study examined whether a subjective socioeconomic gradient exists for sleep while controlling for objective SEP. Participants (N = 177; age, M = 45.3 years, SD = 6.3 years) completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, MacArthur Ladder, and other self-report measures to assess sleep and objective SEP. Subjective SEP trumped objective SEP as a better predictor of sleep duration, daytime sleepiness, and weekend oversleep. These findings highlight the need to expand our framework to better understand the mechanisms underlying socioeconomic gradients and sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Christopher Drake
- Sleep Disorders and Research Center, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI
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Landsberg L, Aronne LJ, Beilin LJ, Burke V, Igel LI, Lloyd-Jones D, Sowers J. Obesity-related hypertension: pathogenesis, cardiovascular risk, and treatment--a position paper of the The Obesity Society and The American Society of Hypertension. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2013; 21:8-24. [PMID: 23401272 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In light of the worldwide epidemic of obesity, and in recognition of hypertension as a major factor in the cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with obesity, The Obesity Society and The American Society of Hypertension agreed to jointly sponsor a position paper on obesity-related hypertension to be published jointly in the journals of each society. The purpose is to inform the members of both societies, as well as practicing clinicians, with a timely review of the association between obesity and high blood pressure, the risk that this association entails, and the options for rational, evidenced-based treatment. The position paper is divided into six sections plus a summary as follows: pathophysiology, epidemiology and cardiovascular risk, the metabolic syndrome, lifestyle management in prevention and treatment, pharmacologic treatment of hypertension in the obese, and the medical and surgical treatment of obesity in obese hypertensive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis Landsberg
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Landsberg L, Aronne LJ, Beilin LJ, Burke V, Igel LI, Lloyd-Jones D, Sowers J. Obesity-related hypertension: pathogenesis, cardiovascular risk, and treatment: a position paper of The Obesity Society and the American Society of Hypertension. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2013; 15:14-33. [PMID: 23282121 PMCID: PMC8108268 DOI: 10.1111/jch.12049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In light of the worldwide epidemic of obesity, and in recognition of hypertension as a major factor in the cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with obesity, The Obesity Society and the American Society of Hypertension agreed to jointly sponsor a position paper on obesity-related hypertension to be published jointly in the journals of each society. The purpose is to inform the members of both societies, as well as practicing clinicians, with a timely review of the association between obesity and high blood pressure, the risk that this association entails, and the options for rational, evidenced-based treatment. The position paper is divided into six sections plus a summary as follows: pathophysiology, epidemiology and cardiovascular risk, the metabolic syndrome, lifestyle management in prevention and treatment, pharmacologic treatment of hypertension in the obese, and the medical and surgical treatment of obesity in obese hypertensive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis Landsberg
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Sleep problems as a mediator of the association between parental education levels, perceived family economy and poor mental health in children. J Psychosom Res 2012; 73:430-6. [PMID: 23148810 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2012.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Revised: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the association between familial socioeconomic status (SES) and children's sleep problems, and the role of sleep problems as a mediator between familial SES and childhood mental health problems. METHODS Participants were 5781 11-13 year old children from the Bergen Child Study. Data were collected on family economy, parental education, and children's difficulties initiating and/or maintaining sleep (DIMS), time in bed (TIB) and self-reported mental health problems using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). RESULTS Sleep problems were significantly more common in children from lower SES families. Children from families with poor and average perceived family economy had significantly higher odds of reporting DIMS compared to children from families with very good economy (ORs=3.5 and 1.7, respectively). The odds were reduced by 12-36% adjusting for poor parental health and single parenting, but remained significant. Children from families with a poor economy had increased odds of a short TIB, both in the crude model (OR=1.9) and adjusted for parental characteristics (OR=2.2). Maternal education level was significantly associated with short TIB. Path analysis was conducted to investigate the potential mediating role of DIMS in the relationship between SES and mental health. The significant direct association between perceived family economy and SDQ total problems score was partially mediated by a significant indirect effect of sleep problems. CONCLUSION Sleep problems are common among children from families with a lower SES and may be a potential mechanism through which low SES is translated into mental health problems.
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de Jonge L, Zhao X, Mattingly MS, Zuber SM, Piaggi P, Csako G, Cizza G. Poor sleep quality and sleep apnea are associated with higher resting energy expenditure in obese individuals with short sleep duration. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012; 97:2881-9. [PMID: 22689694 PMCID: PMC3410277 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2011-2858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Epidemiological studies reported an inverse or U-shaped relationship between sleep duration and weight. The relationship between sleep and resting energy expenditure (REE) has not been well characterized. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between sleep, REE, and stress hormones. DESIGN AND SETTING We conducted a cross-sectional evaluation of a prospective cohort study at a tertiary referral research clinical center. SUBJECTS Subjects included 126 obese individuals (30 males, 96 females; age, 40.5 ± 6.9 yr; body mass index, 38.6 ± 6.5 kg/m(2); sleep duration, 360 ± 50 min/night; and sleep efficiency, 79.5 ± 7.5%). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) REE and respiratory quotient (RQ) were assessed by indirect calorimetry. Sleep duration and sleep efficiency were assessed by actigraphy. Sleep quality was estimated by questionnaires, and sleep apnea was evaluated by respiratory disturbance index (RDI). Morning plasma ACTH, serum cortisol, and 24-h urinary free cortisol and catecholamines were also measured. RESULTS RDI was positively correlated with REE adjusted by fat-free mass (r = 0.307; P = 0.003) and RQ (r = 0.377; P < 0.001). Sleep efficiency was inversely correlated with RQ (r = -0.200; P = 0.033). The relationship of RDI score and REE was stronger in men than women (P = 0.03). In women, serum cortisol was positively correlated (r = 0.407; P < 0.001), and Epworth sleepiness score tended to be inversely (r = -0.190; P = 0.086) correlated with adjusted REE. The RQ was positively related to RDI in women, whereas subjective sleep time was related to RQ in men. In a multiple regression model, RDI, serum cortisol, and urinary norepinephrine were directly related to REE, whereas serum cortisol also directly related to adjusted REE. CONCLUSION Poor sleep quality was associated with increased REE, a higher RQ indicating a shift from fat toward carbohydrate oxidation, and activation of the stress system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian de Jonge
- Section on Neuroendocrinology of Obesity, Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-2560, USA
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Theorell-Haglöw J, Berglund L, Janson C, Lindberg E. Sleep duration and central obesity in women - differences between short sleepers and long sleepers. Sleep Med 2012; 13:1079-85. [PMID: 22841029 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2012.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess characteristics of short sleepers and long sleepers and to assess association between sleep duration and central obesity in a population-based sample of women. METHOD Non-pregnant women ≥20 years that were randomly selected from the population-registry of Uppsala, Sweden, answered a questionnaire (n=6461) including questions on sleeping habits and somatic disorders. RESULTS There was a U-shaped association between sleep duration and waist circumference. Short sleeping women (<5 h) had a waist circumference of 89.2±14.9 cm (mean±SD) decreasing to 82.9±11.9 cm for women sleeping 7-<8 h and increasing to 89.0±16.7 cm for women sleeping ≥10 h. Both short sleepers and long sleepers were more often physically inactive, smokers, ill or taking medication, and psychologically distressed than normal sleepers (6-<9 h). In women <50 years both short and long sleep duration were risk factors for central obesity. Short sleep duration remained a risk factor for central obesity, whereas the association with long sleep duration did not reach statistical significance after adjustments. CONCLUSIONS Short sleepers and long sleepers showed differences in characteristics compared to normal sleepers. Furthermore, we showed an independent association between short sleep duration and central obesity, which was strongest in younger women. It is important to identify short sleepers, especially in younger women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Theorell-Haglöw
- Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Uppsala University, Sweden.
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Sociodemographic and cultural determinants of sleep deficiency: implications for cardiometabolic disease risk. Soc Sci Med 2012; 79:7-15. [PMID: 22682665 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Revised: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sleep is a biological imperative associated with cardiometabolic disease risk. As such, a thorough discussion of the sociocultural and demographic determinants of sleep is warranted, if not overdue. This paper begins with a brief review of the laboratory and epidemiologic evidence linking sleep deficiency, which includes insufficient sleep and poor sleep quality, with increased risk of chronic cardiometabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes and hypertension. Identification of the determinants of sleep deficiency is the critical next step to understanding the role sleep plays in human variation in health and disease. Therefore, the majority of this paper describes the different biopsychosocial determinants of sleep, including age, gender, psychosocial factors (depression, stress and loneliness), socioeconomic position and race/ethnicity. In addition, because sleep duration is partly determined by behavior, it will be shaped by cultural values, beliefs and practices. Therefore, possible cultural differences that may impact sleep are discussed. If certain cultural, ethnic or social groups are more likely to experience sleep deficiency, then these differences in sleep could increase their risk of cardiometabolic diseases. Furthermore, if the mechanisms underlying the increased risk of sleep deficiency in certain populations can be identified, interventions could be developed to target these mechanisms, reduce sleep differences and potentially reduce cardiometabolic disease risk.
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Plantinga L, Rao MN, Schillinger D. Prevalence of self-reported sleep problems among people with diabetes in the United States, 2005-2008. Prev Chronic Dis 2012. [PMID: 22440550 DOI: 10.5888/pcd9.110244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sleep problems, including insomnia, apnea, and restless legs syndrome, are common, burdensome, and under-recognized in the United States. We sought to examine the association of sleep problems with diabetes among community-dwelling US adults. METHODS We examined self-reported sleep problems in 9,848 adults (aged ≥20 y) participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005 through 2008. Sleep problem information was elicited via validated questionnaire. Diabetes was defined by self-reported diagnosis or glycohemoglobin of 6.5% or higher. Multivariable logistic regression with US population-based weighting was used to obtain adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for various sleep problems by diabetes status. RESULTS Sleep problems were common (>90% for any problem; 10%-40% for individual problems) overall, and people with diabetes were more likely than those without diabetes to report multiple problems (mean, 3.1 vs 2.5, respectively, P < .001). After adjustment for potential confounders (including demographics, body mass index, cardiovascular and kidney disease, and alcohol use), restless legs symptoms (OR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.12-1.78), sleep apnea (OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.06-1.98), and nocturia (OR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.22-1.87) were all positively associated with diabetes status. CONCLUSION Diabetes is associated with a higher risk of sleep problems, including not only sleep apnea but also inadequate sleep, excessive sleepiness, leg symptoms, and nocturia, independent of body mass index. Clinicians should be aware of the high prevalence of sleep problems among their patients with diabetes and should consider screening and treatment, which may improve patients' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Plantinga
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Claudia Nance Rollins Building, Floor 3, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Cizza G, Rother KI. Beyond fast food and slow motion: weighty contributors to the obesity epidemic. J Endocrinol Invest 2012; 35:236-42. [PMID: 22183119 PMCID: PMC3485680 DOI: 10.3275/8182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Decreased physical activity and marketing-driven increased consumption of "junk" food, dubbed "The Big Two", are generally regarded as the most important contributors to the obesity epidemic. However, the full picture contains many more pieces of the puzzle. We address several additional issues and review current clinical developments in obesity research. In spite of dramatic advancements in our understanding of the adipose organ and its endocrine and immune products, the ultimate causes of the obesity epidemic remain elusive. Treatment is plagued by poor adherence to life style modifications, and available pharmacological options are marginally effective, often also associated with major side effects. Surgical treatments, albeit effective in decreasing body weight, are invasive and expensive. Thus, our approaches to finding the causes, improving the existing treatments, and inventing novel therapies must be manifold.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Cizza
- Section on Neuroendocrinology of Obesity, NIDDK, Clinical Center, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Ellison CG, Bradshaw M, Storch J, Marcum JP, Hill TD. Religious Doubts and Sleep Quality: Findings from a Nationwide Study of Presbyterians. REVIEW OF RELIGIOUS RESEARCH 2011; 53:119-136. [PMID: 23012485 PMCID: PMC3448782 DOI: 10.1007/s13644-011-0019-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A growing literature examines the correlates and sequelae of spiritual struggles, such as religious doubts. To date, however, this literature has focused primarily on a handful of mental health outcomes (e.g., symptoms of depression, anxiety, negative affect), while the possible links with other aspects of health and well-being, such as poor or disrupted sleep, have received much less attention. After reviewing relevant theory and previous studies, we analyze data from a nationwide sample of Presbyterian Church (USA) members to test the hypothesis that religious doubts will be inversely associated with overall self-rated sleep quality, and positively associated with the frequency of sleep problems and the use of sleep medications. We also hypothesize that part of this association will be explained by the link between religious doubts and psychological distress. Results offer moderate but consistent support for these predictions. We end with a discussion of the implications of these findings, a brief mention of study limitations, and some suggestions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matt Bradshaw
- Postdoctoral Fellow, Carolina Population Center, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Jennifer Storch
- Graduate Student, Sociology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Jack P. Marcum
- Coordinator, Research Services, Presbyterian Church (USA), Louisville, KY
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Gruber R, Cassoff J, Knäuper B. Sleep health education in pediatric community settings: rationale and practical suggestions for incorporating healthy sleep education into pediatric practice. Pediatr Clin North Am 2011; 58:735-54. [PMID: 21600352 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2011.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This article offers practical ways to incorporate healthy sleep education into pediatric practice and discusses key questions, barriers, and strategies associated with such efforts. The rationale for incorporating healthy sleep education in pediatric practice settings is presented, and desirable features of sleep education programs that may be implemented in pediatric practice are identified. Potential barriers are reviewed and strategies offered to overcome these barriers, such as developing resources applicable to healthy sleep education and practical information for pediatricians. Key factors regarding effectiveness of such interventional programs and key points relevant to successful healthy sleep education in pediatric practice are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reut Gruber
- Behavior and Sleep Lab, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Canada.
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