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Sundbom M, Järvholm K, Sjögren L, Nowicka P, Lagerros YT. Obesity treatment in adolescents and adults in the era of personalized medicine. J Intern Med 2024; 296:139-155. [PMID: 39007440 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
In this multi-professional review, we will provide the in-depth knowledge required to work in the expanding field of obesity treatment. The prevalence of obesity has doubled in adults and quadrupled in children over the last three decades. The most common treatment offered has been lifestyle treatment, which has a modest or little long-term effect. Recently, several new treatment options-leading to improved weight loss-have become available. However, long-term care is not only about weight loss but also aims to improve health and wellbeing overall. In the era of personalized medicine, we have an obligation to tailor the treatment in close dialogue with our patients. The main focus of this review is new pharmacological treatments and modern metabolic surgery, with practical guidance on what to consider when selecting and guiding the patients and what to include in the follow-up care. Furthermore, we discuss common clinical challenges, such as patients with concurrent eating disorder or mental health problems, and treatment in the older adults. We also provide recommendations on how to deal with obesity in a non-stigmatizing way to diminish weight stigma during treatment. Finally, we present six microcases-obesity treatment for persons with neuropsychiatric disorders and/or intellectual disability; obesity treatment in the nonresponsive patient who has "tried everything"; and hypoglycemia, abdominal pain, and weight regain after metabolic surgery-to highlight common problems in weight-loss treatment and provide personalized treatment suggestions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Sundbom
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kajsa Järvholm
- Department of Psychology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Childhood Obesity Unit, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lovisa Sjögren
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Pediatrics, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Paulina Nowicka
- Department of Food Studies, Nutrition and Dietetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ylva Trolle Lagerros
- Department of Medicine (Solna), Clinical Epidemiology Division, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Obesity, Academic Specialist Center, Stockholm Health Services, Stockholm, Sweden
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Chakrabarti S, Christopher A, Scott S, Kishore A, Nguyen PH. Effects of a large-scale alcohol ban on population-level alcohol intake, weight, blood pressure, blood glucose, and domestic violence in India: a quasi-experimental population-based study. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. SOUTHEAST ASIA 2024; 26:100427. [PMID: 38827143 PMCID: PMC11140782 DOI: 10.1016/j.lansea.2024.100427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Background Globally, alcohol consumption is a leading risk factor for deaths and disability and a causal factor in over 200 diseases, injuries, and health conditions. In April 2016, the manufacture, transport, sale, and consumption of alcohol was banned in Bihar, a populous Indian state. We sought to estimate the impacts of this ban on health outcomes and domestic violence. Methods Data from the Indian National Family Health Surveys (2005-06, 2015-16, 2019-21), Annual Health Survey (2013), and District Level Household Survey (2012), were used to conduct difference-in-differences (DID) analysis, comparing Bihar (n = 10,733 men, n = 88,188 women) and neighbouring states (n = 38,674 men, n = 284,820 women) before and after the ban. Outcomes included frequent (daily or weekly) alcohol consumption, underweight, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and intimate partner violence. A triple difference model adding male-female interaction to the DID model was also estimated. Attributable averted cases were calculated to estimate the impact of the ban. Findings Across all models, the ban led to reduced frequent alcohol consumption (DID: -7.1 percentage points (pp) (95% CI -9.6pp, -4.6pp), lower overweight/obesity (-5.6pp (-8.9, -2.2) among males, and reduced experiences of emotional (-4.8pp (-8.2pp, -1.4pp) and sexual (-5.5pp (-8.7pp, -2.3pp) violence among females. The ban prevented approximately 2.4 million cases of daily/weekly alcohol consumption and 1.8 million cases of overweight/obesity among males, and 2.1 million cases of intimate partner violence among females. Interpretation Strict alcohol regulation policies may yield significant population level health benefits for frequent drinkers and many victims of intimate partner violence. Funding No funding was received for this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Chakrabarti
- The International Food Policy Research Institute, Poverty, Health and Nutrition Division, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Anita Christopher
- The International Food Policy Research Institute, Development Support and Governance Division, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Samuel Scott
- The International Food Policy Research Institute, Poverty, Health and Nutrition Division, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Avinash Kishore
- The International Food Policy Research Institute, Development Support and Governance Division, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Phuong Hong Nguyen
- The International Food Policy Research Institute, Poverty, Health and Nutrition Division, Washington, DC, USA
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Agarwal K, Joseph PV, Zhang R, Schwandt ML, Ramchandani VA, Diazgranados N, Goldman D, Momenan R. Early life stress and body-mass-index modulate brain connectivity in alcohol use disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:43. [PMID: 38245501 PMCID: PMC10799859 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02756-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Early life stress (ELS) significantly increases susceptibility to alcohol use disorder (AUD) by affecting the interplay between the executive and the salience networks (SNs). The link between AUD and higher body-mass index (BMI) is known, but we lack understanding of how BMI impacts the relationship between ELS and brain connectivity in individuals with AUD. To bridge this gap, we investigated the main and interaction effects of ELS and BMI on brain connectivity in individuals with AUD compared to non-AUD participants (n = 77 sex-matched individuals per group). All participants underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, revealing intriguing positive functional connectivity between SN seeds and brain regions involved in somatosensory processing, motor coordination and executive control. Examining the relationship of brain connectivity with ELS and BMI, we observed positive associations with the correlations of SN seeds, right anterior insula (RAIns) and supramarginal gyrus (SMG) with clusters in motor [occipital cortex, supplementary motor cortex]; anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) with clusters in frontal, or executive, control regions (middle frontal gyrus; MFG, precentral gyrus) that reportedly are involved in processing of emotionally salient stimuli (all |β | > 0.001, |p | < 0.05). Interestingly, a negative association of the interaction effect of ELS events and BMI measures with the functional connectivity of SN seeds ACC with decision-making (MFG, precentral gyrus), RAIns and RSMG with visuo-motor control regions (occipital cortex and supplementary motor cortex) (all |β | = -0.001, |p | < 0.05). These findings emphasize the moderating effect of BMI on ELS-associated SN seed brain connectivity in AUD. Understanding the neural mechanisms linking BMI, ELS and AUD can guide targeted interventions for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushbu Agarwal
- Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Paule V Joseph
- Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Rui Zhang
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Melanie L Schwandt
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Vijay A Ramchandani
- Human Psychopharmacology Laboratory, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Nancy Diazgranados
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - David Goldman
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Rockville, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Reza Momenan
- Clinical NeuroImaging Research Core, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Iglesias López MT, Marchena-Giráldez CA, Bernabéu-Brotons E. Nutrient intake, alcohol consumption, emotional eating and anxiety in women nursing students. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22903. [PMID: 38144331 PMCID: PMC10746424 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of the study was to analyze dietary habits, alcohol habits, emotional eating and anxiety in a sample of Spanish nursing students. These students appear to be essential to the field of public health and to teaching their future patients about their own good practices. Methods A cross-sectional investigation was conducted. Participants completed the Emotional Eater Questionnaire, the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) test to evaluate alcohol intake, the State-Trait anxiety Inventory (STAI) test to measure levels of anxiety as a state and anxiety as a trait, and self-reported sociodemographic data. Following classroom instruction, three-day food records were used to gauge food intake. Results The calorie intake for the macronutrients Ca, Mg, K, and Fe were below the Recommended Dietary Intakes (DRI) and imbalanced. The percentage E of proteins was 132.7 % more than recommended, while the percentage of carbohydrates is below the recommended level. Dietary energy consumption barely equaled 78 % of the total energy consumed by this sex and age group. With respect to emotional eating, nursing women students were low emotional eater (44 %) > emotional eater (30 %) > non-emotional eater (22.7 %). The students' emotional eating is substantially connected with fast food and sweets, or less healthy food intake behaviors. According to the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT), 82.7 % of female students used alcohol on a regular basis in a low-risk manner. Conclusion The findings demonstrated a link between anxiety and dietary fat intake. Trait anxiety was negatively connected with emotional eating (EE), whereas state anxiety was positively correlated with meat consumption. It is crucial to consider these findings when creating prevention/intervention plans and profiles of harmful eating behaviors.
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Zare H, Aazami A, Shalby N, Gilmore DR, Thorpe RJ. Measuring Racial Differences in Obesity Risk Factors in Non-Hispanic Black and White Men Aged 20 Years or Older. Am J Mens Health 2023; 17:15579883231205845. [PMID: 37978812 PMCID: PMC10657537 DOI: 10.1177/15579883231205845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity prevalence in the United States has increased drastically in the last two decades. Racial differences in obesity have emerged with the increase in obesity, with temporal trends because of individual, socioeconomic, and environmental factors, eating behaviors, lack of exercise, etc., raising questions about understanding the mechanisms driving these racial differences in the prevalence of obesity among non-Hispanic Black (NHB) and non-Hispanic White (NHW) men. Although many studies have measured obesity using body mass index (BMI), little is known about waist circumference (WC). This study examines variations in obesity among NHW and NHB using BMI and WC. We used National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (1999-2016) with a sample of 9,000 NHW and 3,913 NHB men aged 20 years or older. To estimate the association between the prevalence of obesity (BMI ≥30) and race, we applied modified Poisson regression; to explore and decompose racial differences, we used Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition (OBD). We found that NHW had higher abdominal obesity (WC ≥102) than NHB, but NHB were more likely to be obese (BMI ≥30) during most years, with some fluctuations. Modified Poisson regression showed that NHB had a higher prevalence of obesity (prevalence ratio [PR]: 1.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.04, 1.18]) but lower abdominal obesity (PR: 0.845; 95% CI = [0.801, 0.892]) than NHW. OBD showed that age, access to health care, smoking, and drinking contributed to the differences in abdominal obesity. The study identifies a significant increase in obesity among men over the last two decades; generalized obesity (based on BMI) was more problematic for NHB men, but abdominal obesity was more problematic for NHW men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Zare
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The School of Business, University of Maryland Global Campus (UMGC), Adelphi, MD, USA
| | - Aida Aazami
- The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Noran Shalby
- Public Health Studies in the Johns Hopkins Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Danielle R. Gilmore
- Trachtenberg School of Public Policy & Administration, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Health, Behavior, and Society Program for Research on Men’s Health, Hopkins Center for Health Disparities Solutions, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Roland J. Thorpe
- Department of Health, Behavior, and Society Program for Research on Men’s Health, Hopkins Center for Health Disparities Solutions, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Lampenius I, Harjutsalo V, Parente EB, Groop PH. Associations between alcohol consumption and body fat distribution in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2023; 204:110891. [PMID: 37657645 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the associations between alcohol consumption and body fat distribution in type 1 diabetes (T1D). METHODS DXA assessed the body composition of 548 adults with T1D from the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy Study. Visceral fat mass (VFM) ≥ 0.7% of body weight for women and ≥ 1.1% for men defined central obesity (CO), whereas body fat mass (BFM) ≥ 40.4% for women and ≥ 31.8% for men defined general obesity (GO). Alcohol consumption data were collected via questionnaires. One standard dose = 12 g of pure alcohol. Participants were classified as abstainers, low-risk, moderate-risk and high-risk alcohol consumers. We used linear and logistic regression models for analyses. RESULTS The higher the alcohol consumption the higher the VFM% (r2 = 0.23, β = 0.083, p = 0.04) in both sexes. BFM% presented a similar pattern in men (r2 = 0.12, β = 0.160, p = 0.01), but not in women. One weekly dose increase of alcohol consumption increases the odds of CO by 3% (OR 1.03, p = 0.037), but not GO. The odds of CO (OR 7.3, p = 0.003) and GO (OR 5.3, p = 0.007) increase with high-risk, but not with low- and moderate-risk consumptions. CONCLUSIONS In adults with T1D, alcohol consumption is linearly associated with VFM% regardless of sex, whereas the association with BFM% is sex-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Lampenius
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Valma Harjutsalo
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erika B Parente
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Per-Henrik Groop
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Zhu J, Di Gessa G, Zaninotto P. Changes in health behaviours during the COVID-19 pandemic and effect on weight and obesity among older people in England. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14661. [PMID: 37670073 PMCID: PMC10480155 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41391-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During COVID-19 lockdown, negative changes in health behaviours have been reported in European older adults. However, less is known about the consequences of these changes on weight gain and obesity, especially in older adults living in England. This study explored the association of health behaviour changes with weight and obesity in English older adults aged 50 years and older, during lockdowns in 2020. We included 4182 participants of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing COVID-19 sub-study in June/July and Nov/Dec 2020 who also had pre-pandemic data. Perceived changes in health behaviours were regressed on weight and obesity, adjusted for pre-pandemic weight or obesity, and several covariates. Results suggested that less exercise, more sedentariness, eating more and alcohol drinking were associated with a significant increase in weight at both timepoints. Meanwhile, less sedentariness and eating less significantly reduced weight in Nov/Dec 2020. A higher risk of obesity at both timepoints was found in adults sitting, eating, or sleeping more than usual. To conclude, during UK lockdown, older people who engaged in risky health behaviours were at higher risks of weight gain and obesity both in the short run and long term. Considering potential health risks associated with obesity and disruptions in routine lifestyle in the older population even after the pandemic, improved weight management interventions are necessary nationwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingmin Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Giorgio Di Gessa
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Paola Zaninotto
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, UK.
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Otsuka K, Nishiyama H, Kuriki D, Kawada N, Ochiya T. Connecting the dots in the associations between diet, obesity, cancer, and microRNAs. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 93:52-69. [PMID: 37156343 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has reached pandemic levels worldwide, leading to a lower quality of life and higher health costs. Obesity is a major risk factor for noncommunicable diseases, including cancer, although obesity is one of the major preventable causes of cancer. Lifestyle factors, such as dietary quality and patterns, are also closely related to the onset and development of obesity and cancer. However, the mechanisms underlying the complex association between diet, obesity, and cancer remain unclear. In the past few decades, microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNAs, have been demonstrated to play critical roles in biological processes such as cell differentiation, proliferation, and metabolism, highlighting their importance in disease development and suppression and as therapeutic targets. miRNA expression levels can be modulated by diet and are involved in cancer and obesity-related diseases. Circulating miRNAs can also mediate cell-to-cell communications. These multiple aspects of miRNAs present challenges in understanding and integrating their mechanism of action. Here, we introduce a general consideration of the associations between diet, obesity, and cancer and review the current knowledge of the molecular functions of miRNA in each context. A comprehensive understanding of the interplay between diet, obesity, and cancer could be valuable for the development of effective preventive and therapeutic strategies in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurataka Otsuka
- Tokyo NODAI Research Institure, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan; R&D Division, Kewpie Corporation, 2-5-7, Sengawa-cho, Chofu-shi, Tokyo 182-0002, Japan; Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1, Nishishinjyuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan; Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Nishiyama
- R&D Division, Kewpie Corporation, 2-5-7, Sengawa-cho, Chofu-shi, Tokyo 182-0002, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kuriki
- R&D Division, Kewpie Corporation, 2-5-7, Sengawa-cho, Chofu-shi, Tokyo 182-0002, Japan
| | - Naoki Kawada
- R&D Division, Kewpie Corporation, 2-5-7, Sengawa-cho, Chofu-shi, Tokyo 182-0002, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1, Nishishinjyuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
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Agarwal K, Joseph P, Zhang R, Schwandt M, Ramchandani V, Diazgranados N, Goldman D, Momenan R. Early Life Stress and Body-Mass Index Modulate Brain Connectivity in Alcohol Use Disorder. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3150110. [PMID: 37502837 PMCID: PMC10371145 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3150110/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Early life stress (ELS) significantly increases susceptibility to alcohol use disorder (AUD) by affecting the interplay between executive and salience networks (SN). The link between AUD and higher body-mass index (BMI) is known, but we lack understanding of how BMI impacts the relationship between ELS and brain connectivity in individuals with AUD. To bridge this gap, we investigated the effects of ELS on brain connectivity in AUD participants, taking into account differences in BMI. The cohort included 401 individuals with AUD, with approximately 60% having a BMI ≥ 25. Within the overall cohort, 123 participants underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, revealing intriguing anticorrelations between SN seeds and brain regions involved in somatosensory processing, motor coordination, and executive control as an effect of ELS. Examining the relationship between ELS-driven brain connectivity and BMI, we observed negative correlations in connectivity among low BMI (≤ 24.9) vs. high BMI (≥ 25) individuals. For example, the left supramarginal gyrus (SMG) seed exhibited decreased connectivity with emotion regulation and decision-making regions, including the right occipital cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, and precuneus clusters (all |β| < -0.03, |p| < 0.05). Additionally, the right SMG seed showed reduced connectivity with impulse control and executive function regions, such as the left postcentral/middle frontal gyrus cluster (β = 0.04, p = 0.02). These findings highlight the role of ELS-induced alterations in SN seed connectivity, influenced by BMI, in the neurobiology of AUD. Understanding the neural mechanisms linking obesity, AUD, and ELS can guide targeted interventions for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rui Zhang
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
| | - Melanie Schwandt
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism / National Institutes of Health
| | | | | | | | - Reza Momenan
- National Institute On Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
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McGuire BD, Dees A, Hao L, Buckendahl P, Ogilvie AR, Sun H, Rezaee T, Barrett LO, Karim L, Dominguez-Bello MG, Bello NT, Shapses SA. A vitamin D deficient diet increases weight gain and compromises bone biomechanical properties without a reduction in BMD in adult female mice. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 231:106314. [PMID: 37088440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D contributes to the development and maintenance of bone. Evidence suggests vitamin D status can also alter energy balance and gut health. In young animals, vitamin D deficiency (VDD) negatively affects bone mineral density (BMD) and bone microarchitecture, and these effects may also occur due to chronic ethanol intake. However, evidence is limited in mature models, and addressing this was a goal of the current study. Seven-month-old female C57BL/6 mice (n = 40) were weight-matched and randomized to one of four ad libitum diets: control, alcohol (Alc), vitamin D deficient (0 IU/d), or Alc+VDD for 8 weeks. A purified (AIN-93) diet was provided with water or alcohol (10 %) ad libitum. Body weight and food intake were recorded weekly, and feces were collected at 0, 4, and 8 weeks. At the age of 9 months, intestinal permeability was assessed by oral gavage of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran. Thereafter, bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The microarchitecture of the distal femur was assessed by micro-computed tomography and biomechanical properties were evaluated by cyclic reference point indentation. VDD did not affect BMD or most bone microarchitecture parameters, however, the polar moment of inertia (p < 0.05) was higher in the VDD groups compared to vitamin D sufficient groups. VDD mice also had lower whole bone water content (p < 0.05) and a greater average unloading slope (p < 0.01), and energy dissipated (p < 0.01), indicating the femur displayed a brittle phenotype. In addition, VDD caused a greater increase in energy intake (p < 0.05), weight gain (p < 0.05), and a trend for higher intestinal permeability (p = 0.08). The gut microbiota of the VDD group had a reduction in alpha diversity (p < 0.05) and a lower abundance of ASVs from Rikenellaceae, Clostridia_UCG-014, Oscillospiraceae, and Lachnospiraceae (p < 0.01). There was little to no effect of alcohol supplementation on outcomes. Overall, these findings suggest that vitamin D deficiency causes excess weight gain and reduces the biomechanical strength of the femur as indicated by the higher average unloading slope and energy dissipated without an effect on BMD in a mature murine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon D McGuire
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Azra Dees
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Lihong Hao
- Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | | | - Anna R Ogilvie
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Haipeng Sun
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Taraneh Rezaee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dartmouth, MA 02747, USA
| | - Leland O Barrett
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dartmouth, MA 02747, USA
| | - Lamya Karim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dartmouth, MA 02747, USA
| | - Maria Gloria Dominguez-Bello
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; NJ Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Nicholas T Bello
- Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; NJ Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Sue A Shapses
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; NJ Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Department of Medicine, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Univ. Hospital, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
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Lee S, Nguyen NHT, Takaoka S, Do AD, Shirayama Y, Nguyen QP, Akutsu Y, Takasaki J, Ohkado A. A Study on the Health-Related Issues and Behavior of Vietnamese Migrants Living in Japan: Developing Risk Communication in the Tuberculosis Response. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6150. [PMID: 37372738 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20126150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Ensuring a healthy lifestyle for the increasing number of Vietnamese migrants living in Japan is a key public health issue, including infectious disease responses such as tuberculosis (TB). To develop risk communication in relation to the TB response, this study aimed to explore the health issues and health-related behaviors of Vietnamese migrants living in Japan using a mixed method. A survey was conducted on Vietnam-born migrants, aged 18 years and over, in Tokyo. The survey consisted of questions on the following components: (1) demographics; (2) health-related issues and behavior; and (3) health-seeking behavior, information, and communication. A total 165 participants participated in the survey. The majority of the participants were young adults. 13% of the participants responded that they were concerned about their health. Moreover, 22% and 7% of the participants reported weight loss and respiratory symptoms, respectively. 44% of the participants answered they had no one to consult about their health in Japan when they needed it, and 58% answered they had no awareness of any Vietnamese-language health consultation services. Logistic regression analysis revealed that people who contact family members living in Vietnam or overseas using social networking services (SNSs) when they needed to consult someone about their health (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 6.09, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.52-24.43) were more likely to present with one or more of the typical TB symptoms, compared to those who did not consult someone in this manner. Current smokers (OR = 3.08, 95% CI 1.15-8.23) were more likely to have health problems compared to non-smokers. The key informant interviews revealed that individual factors, the health system, and socio-environmental factors may hinder Vietnamese migrants' health-seeking and health-information-seeking behaviors in Japan. TB risk communication approaches for migrants need to be developed considering their health-related behaviors while addressing their health needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangnim Lee
- Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Kiyose City 204-8533, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Global Health Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku 113-8421, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku 162-8655, Tokyo, Japan
- TB Action Network, Kiyose-shi 204-8533, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nhan Huu Thanh Nguyen
- TB Action Network, Kiyose-shi 204-8533, Tokyo, Japan
- Master's Program in Global Leadership, Vietnam Japan University, Hanoi 77000, Vietnam
| | - Shori Takaoka
- Department of Global Health Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku 113-8421, Tokyo, Japan
- TB Action Network, Kiyose-shi 204-8533, Tokyo, Japan
| | - An Dang Do
- TB Action Network, Kiyose-shi 204-8533, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Community and Global Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku 113-0033, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Shirayama
- Department of Global Health Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku 113-8421, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Quy Pham Nguyen
- TB Action Network, Kiyose-shi 204-8533, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kyoto Miniren Central Hospital, Kyoto-shi 616-8147, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yusuke Akutsu
- Department of Global Health Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku 113-8421, Tokyo, Japan
- TB Action Network, Kiyose-shi 204-8533, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jin Takasaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku 162-8655, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ohkado
- Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Kiyose City 204-8533, Tokyo, Japan
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Kranjac AW, Kranjac D. Explaining adult obesity, severe obesity, and BMI: Five decades of change. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16210. [PMID: 37251838 PMCID: PMC10213181 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity rates have increased across all segments of society since the late 1970s, but the reason behind population-level increases in body weight remains unclear. We used the 1971-2020 NHANES data to examine whether the observed trend in obesity prevalence is attributable to changing public health behaviors (i.e., intracohort change) or changing publics (i.e., cohort replacement). We partitioned total change in mean BMI, and rates of obesity and severe obesity, into its IC and CR components using linear and algebraic decomposition methods. We found that the IC mechanism (i.e., broad sectors of individuals changing) plays a dominant role in the overall increase in mean BMI, and obesity and severe obesity prevalence. Birth cohort membership (i.e., the CR mechanism) is also influencing mean BMI, and rates of obesity and severe obesity, but in differing ways. Specifically, the large positive IC and the small positive CR effects are amplifying one another, thus creating a steep increase in the observed rates of severe obesity. Conversely, the large positive IC effect is offset by a small negative CR effect, which created a more gradual rise in mean BMI and rates of obesity. Furthermore, we computed total change for models that entered separately sociodemographic, lifestyle, nutritional, and physical activity measures to estimate differences in mean BMI, and rates of obesity and severe obesity, among cohorts and time periods. Adjustment for all the compositional differences among the cohorts during the study period indicate that a combination of a more pronounced IC and a less pronounced CR drove the observed increase in mean BMI, and rates of obesity and severe obesity. Thus, "universal prevention" (i.e., entire community) strategies for healthy weight promotion may need to be combined with "selective prevention" (i.e., at-risk groups) and/or "targeted prevention" (i.e., at-risk individuals) approaches in order to reverse the obesity epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley W. Kranjac
- Department of Sociology, Wilkinson College, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Dinko Kranjac
- Psychology Program, Institute of Mental Health and Psychological Well-Being, College of Health and Community Well-Being, University of La Verne, La Verne, CA, USA
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Suter F, Pestoni G, Sych J, Rohrmann S, Braun J. Alcohol consumption: context and association with mortality in Switzerland. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:1331-1344. [PMID: 36564527 PMCID: PMC10030531 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-03073-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Non-communicable diseases generate the largest number of avoidable deaths often caused by risk factors such as alcohol, smoking, and unhealthy diets. Our study investigates the association between amount and context of alcohol consumption and mortality from major non-communicable diseases in Switzerland. METHODS Generalized linear regression models were fitted on data of the cross-sectional population-based National Nutrition Survey menuCH (2014-2015, n = 2057). Mortality rates based on the Swiss mortality data (2015-2018) were modeled by the alcohol consumption group considering the amount and context (i.e., during or outside mealtime) of alcohol consumption and potential confounders. The models were checked for spatial autocorrelation using Moran's I statistic. Integrated nested Laplace approximation (INLA) models were fitted when evidence for missing spatial information was found. RESULTS Higher mortality rates were detected among drinkers compared to non-drinkers for all-cancer (rate ratio (RR) ranging from 1.01 to 1.07) and upper aero-digestive tract cancer (RR ranging from 1.15 to 1.20) mortality. Global Moran's I statistic revealed spatial autocorrelation at the Swiss district level for all-cancer mortality. An INLA model led to the identification of three districts with a significant decrease and four districts with a significant increase in all-cancer mortality. CONCLUSION Significant associations of alcohol consumption with all-cancer and upper aero-digestive tract cancer mortality were detected. Our study results indicate the need for further studies to improve the next alcohol-prevention scheme and to lower the number of avoidable deaths in Switzerland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flurina Suter
- Division of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Pestoni
- Division of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Nutrition Group, Health Department, Swiss Distance University of Applied Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Janice Sych
- Institute of Food and Beverage Innovation, ZHAW School of Life Sciences and Facility Management, Waedenswil, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Rohrmann
- Division of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Julia Braun
- Divisions of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Wang SY, Zhang WS, Jiang CQ, Jin YL, Zhu T, Zhu F, Xu L. Association of novel and conventional obesity indices with colorectal cancer risk in older Chinese: a 14-year follow-up of the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:286. [PMID: 36991401 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10762-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Visceral adiposity index (VAI) and a body shape index (ABSI) were newly developed indices for visceral fat mass. Whether they are superior to conventional obesity indices in predicting colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. We examined the associations of VAI and ABSI with CRC risk, and investigated their performance in discriminating CRC risk compared with conventional obesity indices in the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study.
Methods
A total of 28,359 participants aged 50 + years without cancer history at baseline (2003-8) were included. CRC were identified from the Guangzhou Cancer Registry. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to assess the association of obesity indices with the CRC risk. Discriminative abilities of obesity indices were assessed using Harrell’s C-statistic.
Results
During an average follow-up of 13.9 (standard deviation = 3.6) years, 630 incident CRC cases were recorded. After adjusting for potential confounders, the hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of incident CRC for per standard deviation increment in VAI, ABSI, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) was 1.04 (0.96, 1.12), 1.13 (1.04, 1.22), 1.08 (1.00, 1.17), 1.15 (1.06, 1.24), 1.16 (1.08, 1.25)and 1.13 (1.04, 1.22), respectively. Similar results for colon cancer were found. However, the associations of obesity indices with risk of rectal cancer were non-significant. All obesity indices showed similar discriminative abilities (C-statistics from 0.640 to 0.645), with WHR showing the highest whilst VAI and BMI the lowest.
Conclusions
ABSI, but not VAI, was positively associated with a higher risk of CRC. However, ABSI was not superior to the conventional abdominal obesity indices in predicting CRC.
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Rosenqvist E, Kiviruusu O, Berg N, Konttinen H. Stress-induced eating and drinking and their associations with weight among women and men during 30-year follow-up. Psychol Health 2023:1-16. [PMID: 36946279 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2023.2192240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress is associated with obesity through several mechanisms, including coping methods used in stressful situations. However, long-term prospective studies investigating stress-induced eating and drinking in parallel and their relationships with weight are scarce. PURPOSE We examined the prevalence of stress-induced eating and drinking and their associations with body mass index (BMI) among women and men during a 30-year follow-up, as well as BMI trajectories from early adulthood to middle age. METHODS Participants of a Finnish cohort study were followed by questionnaires at the ages of 22 (N = 1656), 32 (N = 1471), 42 (N = 1334), and 52 (N = 1160). Their coping methods were evaluated by asking how common it was for them to act in certain ways when they encountered stressful situations. We used linear regression analysis to examine the associations between coping methods and BMI, and latent growth models to analyze the BMI trajectories. RESULTS The prevalence of stress-induced eating was higher among women than men throughout the follow-up, whereas stress-induced drinking was more common among men at 22 and 32 years of age. Stress-induced eating was associated with higher BMI at all ages among women, and from the age of 32 among men. Eating as a persistent coping method over the life course was associated with a higher and faster growth rate of BMI trajectories. Stress-induced drinking was associated with higher BMI in middle age, and with a faster growth of BMI among men. CONCLUSIONS Effective, appropriate stress management may be one essential factor in preventing weight gain in the adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Rosenqvist
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Kiviruusu
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Noora Berg
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Konttinen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Drouard G, Silventoinen K, Latvala A, Kaprio J. Genetic and Environmental Factors Underlying Parallel Changes in Body Mass Index and Alcohol Consumption: A 36-Year Longitudinal Study of Adult Twins. Obes Facts 2023; 16:224-236. [PMID: 36882010 PMCID: PMC10826601 DOI: 10.1159/000529835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While the genetic and environmental underpinnings of body weight and alcohol use are fairly well-known, determinants of simultaneous changes in these traits are still poorly known. We sought to quantify the environmental and genetic components underlying parallel changes in weight and alcohol consumption and to investigate potential covariation between them. METHODS The analysis comprised 4,461 adult participants (58% women) from the Finnish Twin Cohort with four measures of alcohol consumption and body mass index (BMI) over a 36-year follow-up. Trajectories of each trait were described by growth factors, defined as intercepts (i.e., baseline) and slopes (i.e., change over follow-up), using latent growth curve modeling. Growth values were used for male (190 monozygotic pairs, 293 dizygotic pairs) and female (316 monozygotic pairs, 487 dizygotic pairs) same-sex complete twin pairs in multivariate twin modeling. The variances and covariances of growth factors were then decomposed into genetic and environmental components. RESULTS The baseline heritabilities were similar in men (BMI: h2 = 79% [95% confidence interval: 74, 83]; alcohol consumption: h2 = 49% [32, 67]) and women (h2 = 77% [73, 81]; h2 = 45% [29, 61]). Heritabilities of BMI change were similar in men (h2 = 52% [42, 61]) and women (h2 = 57% [50, 63]), but the heritability of change in alcohol consumption was significantly higher (p = 0.03) in men (h2 = 45% [34, 54]) than in women (h2 = 31% [22, 38]). Significant additive genetic correlations between BMI at baseline and change in alcohol consumption were observed in both men (rA = -0.17 [-0.29, -0.04]) and women (rA = -0.18 [-0.31, -0.06]). Non-shared environmental factors affecting changes in alcohol consumption and BMI were correlated in men (rE = 0.18 [0.06, 0.30]). Among women, non-shared environmental factors affecting baseline alcohol consumption and the change in BMI were inversely correlated (rE = -0.11 [-0.20, -0.01]). CONCLUSIONS Based on genetic correlations, genetic variation underlying BMI may affect changes in alcohol consumption. Independent of genetic effects, change in BMI correlates with change in alcohol consumption in men, suggesting direct effects between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabin Drouard
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Karri Silventoinen
- Population Research Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Latvala
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Criminology and Legal Policy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Mitkin NA, Unguryanu TN, Malyutina S, Kudryavtsev AV. Association between Alcohol Consumption and Body Composition in Russian Adults and Patients Treated for Alcohol-Related Disorders: The Know Your Heart Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2905. [PMID: 36833602 PMCID: PMC9957482 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20042905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
There is conflicting evidence about the association between alcohol consumption and body composition (BC). We aimed to investigate this association in Russian adults. The study population included 2357 residents of Arkhangelsk aged 35-69 years, and 272 in-patients treated for alcohol problems (narcological patients) who participated in the Know Your Heart (KYH) cross-sectional study in 2015-2017. The participants were divided into five subgroups based on their alcohol use characteristics: non-drinkers, non-problem drinkers, hazardous drinkers, harmful drinkers, and narcological patients. Considering men, hazardous drinkers had a larger waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and percentage of body fat mass (%FM) compared to non-problem drinkers. In harmful drinking men, these differences were the opposite: a lower body mass index (BMI), hip circumference (HC), and %FM. Men among narcological patients had the lowest mean BMI, WC, HC, WHR, and %FM compared to other subgroups of men. As for women, non-drinkers had a lower BMI, WC, HC, and %FM compared to non-problem drinkers. Women among narcological patients had the lowest mean BMI and HC but an increased WHR compared to other subgroups of women. In conclusion, alcohol consumption levels had an inverted J-shaped association with adiposity-related BC parameters: they were elevated in hazardous drinkers but were reduced in harmful drinkers, and were even lower in patients with alcohol-related diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita A. Mitkin
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
- International Research Competence Centre, Northern State Medical University, Troitsky Ave., 51, 163069 Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - Tatiana N. Unguryanu
- Department of Hygiene and Medical Ecology, Northern State Medical University, Troitsky Ave., 51, 163069 Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - Sofia Malyutina
- Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine, Branch of Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bogatkova st., 175/1, 630008 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Therapy, Hematology and Transfusiology, Novosibirsk State Medical University, Krasny Ave., 52, 630091 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexander V. Kudryavtsev
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
- International Research Competence Centre, Northern State Medical University, Troitsky Ave., 51, 163069 Arkhangelsk, Russia
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18
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Rasaei N, Ghaffarian-Ensaf R, Gholami F, Shiraseb F, Khadem A, Fatemi SF, Mirzaei K. The association between healthy beverage index and sarcopenic obesity among women with overweight and obesity: a cross-sectional study. BMC Endocr Disord 2023; 23:25. [PMID: 36717830 PMCID: PMC9887919 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-023-01274-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sarcopenic obesity is related to changes in body composition, loss of muscle mass, and raised adipose tissue. Beverage patterns are effective with changes in health status. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between sarcopenic obesity (SO) and the healthy beverage index (HBI) in women with overweight and obesity. METHODS This cross-sectional study conducted on 210 overweight and obese (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) women aged 18-56 years. The measurement of skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and fat mass (FM) done by bioelectric impedance analyzer (BIA) (Inbody Co., Seoul, Korea) based on guidelines. The two lowest quintiles SMM and the two highest quintiles FM and body mass index (BMI) ≥30 are considered sarcopenic obesity in women. A validated and reliable semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to evaluate the beverage dietary data. and RFS and NRFS was calculated. Biochemical assessments were quantified by standard approaches, and physical activity were evaluated by international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ). RESULT In this cross-sectional study, 210 overweight and obese females took part (18-56) years old). The studies were carried out using binary logistic regression. After controlling for a wide variety of confounding variables such as age, energy intake, physical activity, education, and economic status, we found a negative association between HBI and risk of SO (OR = 0.29, 95% CI = 0.35 to 1.01, P = 0.05). CONCLUSION We observed that the odds of SO was reduced by 69% in participants with higher HBI score. More well-designed studies need to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Rasaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box:14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Gholami
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box:14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Shiraseb
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box:14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Khadem
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Fatemeh Fatemi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box:14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box:14155-6117, Tehran, Iran.
- Food Microbiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Butler JL, Gordon-Larsen P, Steffen LM, Shikany JM, Jacobs DR, Popkin BM, Poti JM. Associations of 5-year changes in alcoholic beverage intake with 5-year changes in waist circumference and BMI in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281722. [PMID: 36888592 PMCID: PMC9994756 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to shed light on contradictory associations of alcohol intake with waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI) by examining 5-yr changes in alcohol intake in relation to 5-yr WC and BMI changes. METHODS This prospective study included 4,355 participants (1,974 men and 2,381 women) enrolled in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study at baseline (1985-1986) and followed over 25 years (2010-2011). Longitudinal random effects linear regression models were used to test whether changes in drinking (defined categorically) as starting to drink, increasing, decreasing, stable drinking or stopping drinking (versus stable non-drinking) over a series of 5-yr periods were associated with corresponding 5-yr WC and BMI changes. Associations with 5-yr changes (defined categorically as starting, stable or stopping) in drinking level (i.e., light/moderate and excessive) and 5-yr changes (defined categorically as increasing, no change, or decreasing) by beverage type (i.e., beer, wine and liquor/mixed drinks) were also examined. RESULTS In men, compared to stable non-drinking, decreasing total alcohol intake was associated with lower 5-yr WC (β:-0.62 cm; 95% CI: -1.09, -0.14 cm) and BMI gains (β:-0.20 kg/m2; 95% CI: -0.30, -0.03 kg/m2) and stopping excessive drinking was associated with lower 5-yr WC gains (β:-0.77 cm; 95% CI: -1.51, -0.03 cm). In women, compared to those with stable non-drinking habits, starting light/moderate drinking was associated with lower 5-yr WC (β: -0.78 cm; 95% CI: -1.29, -0.26 cm) and BMI gains (β:-0.42 kg/m2; 95% CI: -0.64, -0.20 kg/m2). Increasing wine intake was associated with a lower 5-yr BMI gain (β:-0.27 kg/m2; 95% CI: -0.51, -0.03 kg/m2). Decreasing liquor/mixed drink (β:-0.33 kg/m2; 95% CI: -0.56, -0.09 kg/m2) intake was associated with lower 5-yr WC (β:-0.88 cm; 95% CI: -1.43, -0.34 cm) and BMI (β:-0.33 kg/m2; 95% CI: -0.56, -0.09 kg/m2) gains. CONCLUSIONS Associations of alcohol intake with obesity measures are complex. In women, wine and liquor/mixed drink intakes had contrasting associations with WC and BMI change. In men, decreasing weekly alcoholic beverage intake with an emphasis on stopping excessive consumption may be beneficial in managing WC and BMI gains.
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Grants
- HHSN268201800005I NHLBI NIH HHS
- HHSN268201800007I NHLBI NIH HHS
- HHSN268201800003I NHLBI NIH HHS
- HHSN268201800006I NHLBI NIH HHS
- HHSN268201800004I NHLBI NIH HHS
- R01 HL104580 NHLBI NIH HHS
- R01 DK098072 NIDDK NIH HHS
- T32 DK007686 NIDDK NIH HHS
- P2C HD050924 NICHD NIH HHS
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute in collaboration with the University of Alabama at Birmingham
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute in collaboration with Northwestern University
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute in collaboration with the University of Minnesota
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute in collaboration with the Kaiser Foundation Research Institute
- National Institutes of Health, NIH,
- National Institutes of Health
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Lauren Butler
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Nutrition and Foods Program, School of Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Penny Gordon-Larsen
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lyn M. Steffen
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - James M. Shikany
- Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - David R. Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Barry M. Popkin
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jennifer M. Poti
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
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Smith MH, Myrick JW, Oyageshio O, Uren C, Saayman J, Boolay S, van der Westhuizen L, Werely C, Möller M, Henn BM, Reynolds AW. Epidemiological correlates of overweight and obesity in the Northern Cape Province, South Africa. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14723. [PMID: 36788809 PMCID: PMC9922494 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In the past several decades, obesity has become a major public health issue worldwide, associated with increased rates of chronic disease and death. Like many developing nations, South Africa is experiencing rapid increases in BMI, and as a result, evidence-based preventive strategies are needed to reduce the increasing burden of overweight and obesity. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and predictors of overweight and obesity among a multi-ethnic cohort from the rural Northern Cape of South Africa. Methods These data were collected as part of a tuberculosis (TB) case-control study, with 395 healthy control participants included in the final analysis. Overweight and obesity were defined according to WHO classification. Multivariate linear models of BMI were generated using sex, age, education level, smoking, alcohol consumption, and diabetes as predictor variables. We also used multivariable logistic regression analysis to assess the relationship of these factors with overweight and obesity. Results The average BMI in our study cohort was 25.2. The prevalence of overweight was 18.0% and the prevalence of obesity was 25.0%. We find that female sex, being older, having more years of formal education, having diabetes, and being in a rural area are all positively associated with BMI in our dataset. Women (OR = 5.6, 95% CI [3.3-9.8]), rural individuals (OR = 3.3, 95% CI [1.9-6.0]), older individuals (OR = 1.02, 95% CI [1-1.04]), and those with more years of education (OR = 1.2, 95% CI [1.09-1.32]) were all more likely to be overweight or obese. Alternatively, being a smoker is negatively associated with BMI and decreases one's odds of being overweight or obese (OR = 0.28, 95% CI [0.16-0.46]). Conclusions We observed a high prevalence of overweight and obesity in this study. The odds of being overweight and obese were higher in women, those living in rural areas, and those with more education, and increases with age. Community-based interventions to control obesity in this region should pay special attention to these groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Justin W Myrick
- Department of Anthropology and UC Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, United States
| | - Oshiomah Oyageshio
- Center for Population Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, United States
| | - Caitlin Uren
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa.,Centre for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jamie Saayman
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sihaam Boolay
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lena van der Westhuizen
- Department of Anthropology and UC Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, United States
| | - Cedric Werely
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marlo Möller
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa.,Centre for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Brenna M Henn
- Department of Anthropology and UC Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, United States
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21
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Alcohol consumption and metabolic syndrome: Clinical and epidemiological impact on liver disease. J Hepatol 2023; 78:191-206. [PMID: 36063967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol use and metabolic syndrome are highly prevalent in the population and frequently co-exist. Both are implicated in a large range of health problems, including chronic liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver-related outcomes (i.e. decompensation or liver transplantation). Studies have yielded mixed results regarding the effects of mild-moderate alcohol consumption on the risk of metabolic syndrome and fatty liver disease, possibly due to methodological differences. The few available prospective studies have indicated that mild-moderate alcohol use is associated with an increase in liver-related outcomes. This conclusion was substantiated by systems biology analyses suggesting that alcohol and metabolic syndrome may play a similar role in fatty liver disease, potentiating an already existing dysregulation of common vital homeostatic pathways. Alcohol and metabolic factors are independently and jointly associated with liver-related outcomes. Indeed, metabolic syndrome increases the risk of liver-related outcomes, regardless of alcohol intake. Moreover, the components of metabolic syndrome appear to have additive effects when it comes to the risk of liver-related outcomes. A number of population studies have implied that measures of central/abdominal obesity, such as the waist-to-hip ratio, can predict liver-related outcomes more accurately than BMI, including in individuals who consume harmful quantities of alcohol. Many studies even point to synergistic interactions between harmful alcohol use and many metabolic components. This accumulating evidence showing independent, combined, and modifying effects of alcohol and metabolic factors on the onset and progression of chronic liver disease highlights the multifactorial background of liver disease in the population. The available evidence suggests that more holistic approaches could be useful for risk prediction, diagnostics and treatment planning.
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22
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Siegmann EM, Mazza M, Weinland C, Kiefer F, Kornhuber J, Mühle C, Lenz B. Meta-analytic evidence for a sex-diverging association between alcohol use and body mass index. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21869. [PMID: 36535973 PMCID: PMC9763242 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25653-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use is an important health issue and has been suggested to contribute to the burden produced by obesity. Both alcohol use and obesity are subject to sex differences. The available studies on the relationship between alcohol use and body mass index (BMI) report inconsistent results with positive, negative, and null findings which requests a meta-analytic approach. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis of case-control, cohort, and cross-sectional studies. The systematic literature search and data extraction was performed by 3 independent raters. We conducted sex-separated meta-analyses and -regressions to investigate how alcohol consumption associates with BMI. Our systematic literature search resulted in 36 studies with 48 data sets (Nmen = 172,254; kmen = 30; Nwomen = 24,164; kwomen = 18; Nunknown sex = 672,344; kunknown sex = 24). Alcohol use was associated with higher BMI in men (g = 0.08 [0.07; 0.09]) and lower BMI in women (g = - 0.26 [- 0.29; - 0.22]). Moreover, we found the amount of daily alcohol intake in men (β = 0.001 [0.0008; 0.0014]) and ethnicity in women (g[Caucasians] = - 0.45 versus g[Asians] = - 0.05; z = 11.5, p < 0.0001) to moderate these effects. We here identified sex-diverging relationships between alcohol use and BMI, found daily alcohol intake and ethnicity to sex-specifically moderate these effects, and argue that sex-specific choice of beverage type and higher amount of daily alcohol use in men than in women account for these observations. Future research is needed to provide empirical evidence for the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Siegmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Massimiliano Mazza
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christian Weinland
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Falk Kiefer
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christiane Mühle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernd Lenz
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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23
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Henrique de Moraes Cellia P, Lima EG, Agrizzi de Angeli LR, Martins EB, Rached FH, Pitta FG, Cassaro Strunz CM, Serrano CV. Evaluation of cardiovascular risk biomarkers after moderate consumption of red wine and cachaça in a randomized crossover trial: The Wine and Cachaça Study (WICAS). Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 52:113-118. [PMID: 36513442 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Moderate daily consumption of alcohol (MDCA) is associated with cardiovascular risk (CVR) reduction in observational studies. Some researches have suggested that this benefit may be associated not only with red wine consumption but also with other beverages. However, there are no clinical trials evaluating the possible CVR benefit of Brazilian spirit (cachaça) in humans. METHODS This is a prospective, randomized, crossover study including healthy individuals initially assigned to a MDCA of cachaça or red wine for a period of 4 weeks. After a one-week abstinence period, the type of drink was changed for another 4 weeks of intervention. The MDCA for both beverages was determined as a dose equivalent to 28 g of ethanol per day for men and 14 g for women. CVR biomarkers analyses were performed before and after each intervention to assess the serologic status of C-reactive protein, lipid profile, platelet aggregation and glycemic profile. This study is registered on the ISRCTN platform under number 15978506. RESULTS Of the 42 subjects initially randomized, 2 refused to continue in the study. The median age was 44.3 ± 10.3 years and 19 were male (47.5%). Adherence to the protocol was considered ideal with 100% regular use in both interventions and only 3 individuals in each intervention group reported alcohol abuse. There was no significant variation in anthropometric measurements during the study, except for weight gain (0.7 kg) in the red wine group (p = 0.005). The median of the delta of platelet aggregation for MDCA of cachaça was 1.2% (-1.1 to 5.3) and the median of the delta to the MDCA of wine was -1.6% (-4.5 to 2) (p = 0.02). The other biomarkers didn't show any statistically significant variation. CONCLUSION Moderate consumption of wine and cachaça was related to variation in laboratory biomarkers of CVR related to atherosclerosis. There was significant weight gain during the period of wine consumption and there was observed a difference between platelet aggregation values after both interventions.
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Ayoola A, Ssekubugu R, Grabowski MK, Ssekasanvu J, Kigozi G, Mustapha A, Reynolds SJ, Ekstrom AM, Nordenstedt H, Enriquez R, Gray RH, Wawer MJ, Kagaayi J, Post WS, Chang LW. Overweight and obesity in south central Uganda: A population-based study. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2:e0001051. [PMID: 36962650 PMCID: PMC10021145 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a rapidly growing global health challenge, but there are few population-level studies from non-urban settings in sub-Saharan Africa. We evaluated the prevalence of overweight (body mass index (BMI)>25 kg/m2), obesity (BMI>30 kg/m2), and associated factors using data from May 2018 to November 2020 from the Rakai Community Cohort Study, a population-based cohort of residents aged 15 to 49 living in forty-one fishing, trading, and agrarian communities in South Central Uganda. Modified Poisson regression was used to estimate adjusted prevalence risk ratios (PRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) in 18,079 participants. The overall mean BMI was 22.9 kg/m2. Mean BMI was 21.5 kg/m2 and 24.1 kg/m2 for males and females, respectively. The prevalence of overweight and obesity were 22.8% and 6.2%, respectively. Females had a higher probability of overweight/obesity (PRR: 4.11, CI: 2.98-5.68) than males. For female participants, increasing age, higher socioeconomic status, residing in a trading or fishing community (PRR: 1.25, CI 1.16-1.35 and PRR: 1.17, CI 1.10-1.25, respectively), being currently or previously married (PRR: 1.22, CI 1.07-1.40 and PRR: 1.16, CI 1.01-1.34, respectively), working in a bar/restaurant (PRR: 1.29, CI 1.17-1.45), trading/shopkeeping (PRR: 1.38, CI 1.29-1.48), and reporting alcohol use in the last year (PRR: 1.21, CI 1.10-1.33) were risk factors for overweight/obese. For male participants, increasing age, higher socioeconomic status, being currently married (PRR: 1.94, CI 1.50-2.50), residing in a fishing community (PRR: 1.68, CI 1.40-2.02), working in a bar/restaurant (PRR: 2.20, CI 1.10-4.40), trading/shopkeeping (PRR: 1.75, CI 1.45-2.11), or fishing (PRR: 1.32, CI 1.03-1.69) increased the probability of overweight/obesity. Non-Muslim participants, male smokers, and HIV-positive females had a lower probability of overweight/obese. The prevalence of overweight/obesity in non-urban Ugandans is substantial. Targeted interventions to high-risk subgroups in this population are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeoluwa Ayoola
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Robert Ssekubugu
- Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Mary Kathryn Grabowski
- Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joseph Ssekasanvu
- Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Godfrey Kigozi
- Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Aishat Mustapha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Steven J. Reynolds
- Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Infectious Diseases, South Central Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Mia Ekstrom
- Department of Infectious Diseases, South Central Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Nordenstedt
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rocio Enriquez
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ronald H. Gray
- Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Maria J. Wawer
- Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Joseph Kagaayi
- Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Wendy S. Post
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Larry W. Chang
- Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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Trends in concurrent tobacco use and heavy drinking among individuals 15 years and older in Mongolia. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16639. [PMID: 36198896 PMCID: PMC9534002 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21094-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate trends in the prevalence and correlates of current tobacco use only (= CT), current heavy drinking only (= CHD), and current tobacco use and current heavy drinking (= CTHD) in people 15 years and older from 2009 to 2019 in Mongolia. Cross-sectional data were analyzed from 5,438 individuals (15-64 years) of the Mongolia STEPS 2009 survey, 6,013 (15-69 years) of the Mongolia STEPS 2013 survey, and 6,654 persons (15-69 years) of the Mongolia STEPS 2019 survey and responded to questions about substance use, other health risk behaviours and physical measurements. Trend analysis shows that the prevalence of CT increased from 14.4% in 2009 to 15.3% in 2019, and the prevalence of CHD significantly decreased from 13.3% in 2009 to 10.3% in 2019, and the prevalence of CTHD significantly decreased from 14.2% in 2009 to 9.4% in 2019. Middle and older age, male sex (13 times higher for CT, 3.4 times higher for CHD, and 28 times higher for CTHD) and high physical activity significantly increased the odds of CT, CHD and CTHD. Higher education decreased the odds of CT but increased the odds of CHD. Urban residence was positively associated with CT, and among women with CTHD. Underweight decreased the odds of CT, CHD, and CTHD, and obesity decreased the odds of CT and CTHD and increased the odds of CHD. Hypertension was positively associated with CHD and CTHD, while sedentary behaviour was positively associated with CT and CTHD. Being Khalkh by ethnicity increased the odds of CT and inadequate fruit and vegetable intake increased the odds of CHD. More than one in six persons 15 years and older engaged in CT and more than one in ten engaged in CHD and CTHD. Several sociodemographic factors, such as male sex and middle and/or older age, and health variables, such as obesity and hypertension for CHD, were identified associated with CT, CHD, and CTHD that can help in guiding public interventions.
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Larsen BA, Klinedinst BS, Le ST, Pappas C, Wolf T, Meier NF, Lim Y, Willette AA. Beer, wine, and spirits differentially influence body composition in older white adults-a United Kingdom Biobank study. Obes Sci Pract 2022; 8:641-656. [PMID: 36238230 PMCID: PMC9535674 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is characterized by body composition alterations, including increased visceral adiposity accumulation and bone loss. Alcohol consumption may partially drive these alterations, but findings are mixed. This study primarily aimed to investigate whether different alcohol types (beer/cider, red wine, white wine/Champagne, spirits) differentially associated with body composition. METHODS The longitudinal UK Biobank study leveraged 1869 White participants (40-80 years; 59% male). Participants self-reported demographic, alcohol/dietary consumption, and lifestyle factors using a touchscreen questionnaire. Anthropometrics and serum for proteomics were collected. Body composition was obtained via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Structural equation modeling was used to probe direct/indirect associations between alcohol types, cardiometabolic biomarkers, and body composition. RESULTS Greater beer/spirit consumptions were associated with greater visceral adiposity (β = 0.069, p < 0.001 and β = 0.014, p < 0.001, respectively), which was driven by dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. In contrast, drinking more red wine was associated with less visceral adipose mass (β = -0.023, p < 0.001), which was driven by reduced inflammation and elevated high-density lipoproteins. White wine consumption predicted greater bone density (β = 0.051, p < 0.005). DISCUSSION Beer/spirits may partially contribute to the "empty calorie" hypothesis related to adipogenesis, while red wine may help protect against adipogenesis due to anti-inflammatory/eulipidemic effects. Furthermore, white wine may benefit bone health in older White adults.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany A. Larsen
- Neuroscience Graduate ProgramIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCollege of Veterinary MedicineIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
| | - Brandon S. Klinedinst
- Neuroscience Graduate ProgramIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
- Department of Food Science and Human NutritionIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
| | - Scott T. Le
- Department of Food Science and Human NutritionIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
| | - Colleen Pappas
- Department of Food Science and Human NutritionIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
| | - Tovah Wolf
- Department of Health SciencesWestern Carolina UniversityCullowheeNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Nathan F. Meier
- Department of KinesiologyConcordia UniversityIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ye‐Lim Lim
- Department of PsychologyVirginia Polytechnic InstituteBlacksburgVirginiaUSA
| | - Auriel A. Willette
- Neuroscience Graduate ProgramIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCollege of Veterinary MedicineIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
- Department of Food Science and Human NutritionIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
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Synergistic effect of mild traumatic brain injury and alcohol aggravates neuroinflammation, amyloidogenesis, tau pathology, neurodegeneration, and blood-brain barrier alterations: Impact on psychological stress. Exp Neurol 2022; 358:114222. [PMID: 36089059 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
After a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), victims often experience emotional/psychological stress such as heightened irritability, anxiety, apathy, and depression. Severe mental health complications are common in military populations following a combat-acquired TBI and intensified unhealthy alcohol use. The high prevalence of alcohol abuse among TBI victims underscores how alcohol abuse exacerbates emotional/psychological symptoms such as depression and anxiety. The experimental mTBI was induced in vivo by fluid percussion injury (15 psi) in mice and ethanol diet feeding continued for 28 days. We analyzed different biomarkers of the biochemical mechanisms and pathophysiology of neurological damage, and functional outcome of psychological stress by sucrose preference, and light-dark tests. We demonstrated that the synergistic effect of TBI and alcohol leads to psychological stress such as depression and anxiety. The studies showed that oxidative stress, amyloidogenesis, tau pathology, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration markers were elevated, and glial activation and blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage were exacerbated during the synergistic effect of TBI and alcohol. Further, we studied the biochemical mechanisms of psychological stress that showed the significant reduction of 5-HT1AR, neuropeptide-Y, and norepinephrine, and an increase in monoamine oxidase-a in the combined effect of TBI and alcohol. This work suggested that the combined TBI and alcohol-induced effect leads to depression and anxiety, via sequential biochemical changes that cause neuroinflammation, amyloidogenesis, tau pathology, neurodegeneration, and BBB alterations. This clinically relevant study will contribute to developing a comprehensive therapeutic approach for patients suffering from TBI and alcohol-mediated neurological damage and psychological stress.
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Hjelmesæth J, Sjöberg A. Human body weight, nutrients, and foods: a scoping review. Food Nutr Res 2022; 66:8814. [PMID: 36035748 PMCID: PMC9396931 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v66.8814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jøran Hjelmesæth
- Morbid Obesity Centre, Department of Medicine, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
- Jøran Hjelmesæth, Morbid Obesity Centre, Department of Medicine, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Boks 2168, NO-3103 Tønsberg, Norway.
| | - Agneta Sjöberg
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Kholmatova K, Krettek A, Leon DA, Malyutina S, Cook S, Hopstock LA, Løvsletten O, Kudryavtsev AV. Obesity Prevalence and Associated Socio-Demographic Characteristics and Health Behaviors in Russia and Norway. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159428. [PMID: 35954782 PMCID: PMC9367755 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Associations between obesity and socio-demographic and behavioral characteristics vary between populations. Exploring such differences should throw light on factors related to obesity. We examined associations between general obesity (GO, defined by body mass index) and abdominal obesity (AO, defined by waist-to-hip ratio) and sex, age, socio-economic characteristics (education, financial situation, marital status), smoking and alcohol consumption in women and men aged 40–69 years from the Know Your Heart study (KYH, Russia, N = 4121, 2015–2018) and the seventh Tromsø Study (Tromsø7, Norway, N = 17,646, 2015–2016). Age-standardized prevalence of GO and AO was higher in KYH compared to Tromsø7 women (36.7 vs. 22.0% and 44.2 vs. 18.4%, respectively) and similar among men (26.0 vs. 25.7% and 74.8 vs. 72.2%, respectively). The positive association of age with GO and AO was stronger in KYH vs. Tromsø7 women and for AO it was stronger in men in Tromsø7 vs. KYH. Associations between GO and socio-economic characteristics were similar in KYH and Tromsø7, except for a stronger association with living with spouse/partner in KYH men. Smoking had a positive association with AO in men in Tromsø7 and in women in both studies. Frequent drinking was negatively associated with GO and AO in Tromsø7 participants and positively associated with GO in KYH men. We found similar obesity prevalence in Russian and Norwegian men but higher obesity prevalence in Russian compared to Norwegian women. Other results suggest that the stronger association of obesity with age in Russian women is the major driver of the higher obesity prevalence among them compared to women in Norway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Kholmatova
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway; (A.K.); (D.A.L.); (L.A.H.); (O.L.); (A.V.K.)
- International Research Competence Centre, Northern State Medical University, Troitsky Av., 51, 163069 Arkhangelsk, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Alexandra Krettek
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway; (A.K.); (D.A.L.); (L.A.H.); (O.L.); (A.V.K.)
- Department of Public Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Skövde, 541 28 Skövde, Sweden
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - David A. Leon
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway; (A.K.); (D.A.L.); (L.A.H.); (O.L.); (A.V.K.)
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK;
| | - Sofia Malyutina
- Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine, Branch of Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician M.A. Lavrentiev Av., 17, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
- Department of Therapy, Hematology and Transfusiology, Novosibirsk State Medical University, Krasny Av., 52, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sarah Cook
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK;
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Laila A. Hopstock
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway; (A.K.); (D.A.L.); (L.A.H.); (O.L.); (A.V.K.)
| | - Ola Løvsletten
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway; (A.K.); (D.A.L.); (L.A.H.); (O.L.); (A.V.K.)
| | - Alexander V. Kudryavtsev
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway; (A.K.); (D.A.L.); (L.A.H.); (O.L.); (A.V.K.)
- International Research Competence Centre, Northern State Medical University, Troitsky Av., 51, 163069 Arkhangelsk, Russia
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Rojas Huayta VM, Galvez-Davila R, Calvo-Torres O, Cardozo Alarcón V, Aparco JP, Silva Fhon JR, Estrada-Acero B, Jaimes-Velásquez C, Céspedes-Panduro B, Espinoza-Bernardo S, Dolores-Maldonado G, Ramírez Ramírez R, Gallo Ruelas M, Arteaga-Romero I, Higa AM. COVID-19, body weight and the neighbourhood: food system dimensions and consumption associated with changes in body weight of Peruvian adults during first wave lockdowns. BMJ Nutr Prev Health 2022; 5:87-97. [PMID: 35814729 PMCID: PMC9108435 DOI: 10.1136/bmjnph-2021-000416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to assess changes in the dimensions of the food system and consumption associated with body weight variations during the first month's lockdown in Peruvian adults in Metropolitan Lima. METHODS A cross-sectional study conducted during the first months of lockdowns in Peru. 694 adults completed a web-based survey about changes experienced in the process of acquiring food during lockdown, changes in their intake and self-perceived body weight. A multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the factors associated with changes in body weight. RESULTS Weight gain was perceived in 38% of the participants and 22.8% perceived weight loss. 39.2% did not perceive changes in their weight. Risk factors for body weight gain were increased alcohol consumption (OR=4.510, 95% CI 1.764 to 11.531) and decreased fruit consumption (OR=2.129, 95% CI 1.290 to 3.515), while decreasing cereal intake (OR=0.498, 95% CI 0.269 to 0.922) and choosing nutritious food as a driver for purchase (OR=0.512, 95% CI 0.320 to 0.821) were found to be protective against gaining weight. Decreasing food intake during the pandemic (OR=2.188, 95% CI 1.348 to 3.550) and having to miss important foods (OR=2.354, 95% CI 1.393 to 3.978), were associated with weight loss. CONCLUSIONS During confinement, weight gain was mostly associated with food consumption and personal food system factors. Meanwhile, weight loss was associated with external food system factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Magdalena Rojas Huayta
- Nucleo de Investigación en Alimentación y Nutrición Pública - NIANP, Departamento de Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Rocio Galvez-Davila
- Nucleo de Investigación en Alimentación y Nutrición Pública - NIANP, Departamento de Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Oscar Calvo-Torres
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Privada Del Norte - Sede Lima Norte, Lima, Perú
| | - Vanessa Cardozo Alarcón
- Nucleo de Investigación en Alimentación y Nutrición Pública - NIANP, Departamento de Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Juan Pablo Aparco
- Nucleo de Investigación en Alimentación y Nutrición Pública - NIANP, Departamento de Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Jack Roberto Silva Fhon
- Departamento de Enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bill Estrada-Acero
- Nucleo de Investigación en Alimentación y Nutrición Pública - NIANP, Departamento de Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Carlos Jaimes-Velásquez
- Departamento de Estadística, Facultad de Ciencias Matemáticas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Bernardo Céspedes-Panduro
- Departamento de Estadística, Facultad de Ciencias Matemáticas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Sissy Espinoza-Bernardo
- Nucleo de Investigación en Alimentación y Nutrición Pública - NIANP, Departamento de Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Gandy Dolores-Maldonado
- Nucleo de Investigación en Alimentación y Nutrición Pública - NIANP, Departamento de Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Rofilia Ramírez Ramírez
- Subgerencia de Análisis y Estudios de la Gerencia de Gestión de la información, EsSALUD, Lima, Lima, Peru
| | - Mariano Gallo Ruelas
- Escuela de Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Irene Arteaga-Romero
- Nucleo de Investigación en Alimentación y Nutrición Pública - NIANP, Departamento de Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Ana Maria Higa
- Nucleo de Investigación en Alimentación y Nutrición Pública - NIANP, Departamento de Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
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What factors drive gender differences in the body mass index? Evidence from Turkish adults. J Biosoc Sci 2022; 55:538-563. [PMID: 35509172 DOI: 10.1017/s0021932022000190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, studies show that obesity has become an important health condition, especially among adults. The first aim of this study is to examine socio-demographic and behavioural factors on body mass index distribution of male and female adults over 20 years old in Turkey. The second aim is to determine the body mass index disparity by gender and the socio-demographic and behavioural factors that might wider or narrow it. This study adopts unconditional quantile regression and decomposition methods, and the data set covers the Turkish Health Surveys for 2014, 2016, and 2019. The findings document that high level of body mass index are associated with being married, aging, and physical inactivity. Interestingly, employment status has different contributions on the body mass index of males and females. The results also claim a body mass index gap among males and females as a result of differences in some potential socio-demographic and behavioural factors, and the gap gets higher at the upper and lower quantiles of BMI distribution. This study may provide a clear understanding for policymakers on how to design efficacious obesity policies considering the differences in the effect of socio-demographic and behavioural factors on the distribution of body mass index across females and males. The results suggest that the Ministry of Health should specifically target different groups for males and females and should reduce the differences in socio-demographic and behavioural determinants between females and males to prevent and reduce obesity prevalence in Turkey.
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Assessment of the Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on the Nutritional Status and Lipid Profile of Employees in a Teaching Hospital in Rome: A Retrospective Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084549. [PMID: 35457417 PMCID: PMC9027901 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: on the 9 March 2020, the Italian government declared a state of lockdown on the entire national territory aimed at reducing the spread of SARS-CoV-2, causing strong repercussions for people’s lifestyles. The aim of the study was to analyze the impact of the lockdown on the nutritional status and lipid profile of employees of an Italian teaching hospital. Methods: an observational retrospective cohort study was carried out at the Department of Occupational Medicine of the Umberto I General Hospital of Rome, including all employees who underwent two consecutive occupational medical examinations before and after the first lockdown (9 March 2020−18 May 2020). Employee medical records were used as a data source. Results: 1014 employees were involved in the study (50.6% nurses, 31% physicians, 14.8% technical staff, 3.6% administrative staff). Post lockdown BMI, total cholesterol and LDL values increased statistically significantly compared to pre lockdown ones. Nurses showed a significant association with increased BMI (p < 0.001), while workers with heart disease were inversely associated with total cholesterol (p < 0.001) and LDL (p < 0.001). Conclusion: this study showed that lockdown had a significant impact on employees’ lifestyles. Further studies are needed to understand changes in health-related behaviors, such as diet and physical activity, of specific categories of workers over time under lockdown conditions.
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A national study of alcohol consumption patterns among population-based U.S. cancer survivors compared with cancer-free individuals. Cancer Epidemiol 2022; 77:102101. [PMID: 35086062 PMCID: PMC9199235 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2022.102101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study characterized alcohol consumption behaviors among adult cancer survivors and determined how these behaviors compared with cancer-free individuals using NHANES data (1999-2016). METHODS Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using multinomial logistic regression for the association between cancer survivors vs cancer-free individuals and odds of drinking status (former/current/never drinkers), accounting for demographic and socioeconomic factors. Among current drinkers, multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate the aORs for binge drinking and exceeding moderate drinking. RESULTS A total of 3113 survivors and 39,527 cancer-free individuals were included. Cancer survivors were less likely to be current drinkers (63.4% vs. 72.6% in cancer-free) and were more likely to be former drinkers (24.4% vs. 15.5% in cancer-free). Cancer survivors had significant lower odds of being current vs. never drinkers (aOR, 0.84, 95% CI: 0.71-0.99). By cancer types, cervical cancer survivors were more likely to be binge drinkers (aOR, 2.51, 95% CI: 1.27-4.92), particularly among women aged ≥ 55 years (aOR, 6.90, 95% CI: 1.28-37.3). CONCLUSION Given the high odds of binge drinking among cervical cancer survivors, public health strategies are needed to reduce alcohol consumption in this group.
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Geda NR, Feng CX, Yu Y. Examining the association between work stress, life stress and obesity among working adult population in Canada: findings from a nationally representative data. Arch Public Health 2022; 80:97. [PMID: 35351179 PMCID: PMC8966340 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-022-00865-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is a priority public health concern in Canada and other parts of the world. The study primarily aims at assessing the role of self-perceived work and life stress on obesity among working adults in Canada. Methods The study was conducted based on a total of 104,636 Canadian adults aged 18 and above, extracted from the 2017–2018 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) data. We used a mixed-effect logistic regression model to determine the possible association between two stress variables and obesity, controlling for other variables in the model. The random effect term accounts for the correlation among the observations from the same health region. Results A total of 63,815 adult respondents (aged 18 and above) who were working during the 12 months prior to the survey were studied. Of those, 18.7% were obese based on their self-reported BMI > =30.0 kg/m2. More than two-thirds of the respondents reported that their stress level is a bit stressful to extremely stressful. The results of multivariable mixed-effect logistic regression showed that the odds of obesity were 1.432 times (95% CI: 1.248–1.644) among those who reported extremely work-related stress, compared to those who had no work-related stress. Perceived life stress was not significantly associated with obesity risk among working adult population, after adjusting other factors. Conclusion The study concluded that obesity among Canadian adults is 18.7% of the working adult population being obese. Given the reported high prevalence of stress and its effect on obesity, the findings suggested improving social support systems, individual/group counseling, and health education focusing on work environments to prevent and manage stressors and drivers to make significant program impacts. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13690-022-00865-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigatu Regassa Geda
- Center for Population Studies, College of Development Studies, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Cindy Xin Feng
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | - Yamei Yu
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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Wang X, Wang Y, Liu Y, Cong P, Xu J, Xue C. Hepatoprotective effects of sea cucumber ether-phospholipids against alcohol-induced lipid metabolic dysregulation and oxidative stress in mice. Food Funct 2022; 13:2791-2804. [PMID: 35174375 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03833h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sea cucumber is widely consumed as food and folk medicine in Asia, and its phospholipids are rich sources of dietary eicosapentaenoic acid enriched ether-phospholipids (ether-PLs). Emerging evidence suggests that ether-PLs are associated with neurodegenerative disease and steatohepatitis. However, the function and mechanism of ether-PLs in alcoholic liver disease (ALD) are not well understood. To this end, the present study sought to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of sea cucumber ether-PLs, including plasmenyl phosphatidylethanolamine (PlsEtn) and plasmanyl phosphatidylcholine (PlsCho), and their underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that compared with EtOH-induced mice, ether-PL treated mice showed improved liver histology, decreased serum ALT and AST levels, and reduced alcohol metabolic enzyme (ALDH2 and ADH1) expressions. Mechanistic studies showed that ether-PLs attenuated "first-hit" hepatic steatosis and lipid accumulation evoked by alcohol administration. Moreover, PlsEtn more effectively restored endogenous plasmalogen levels than PlsCho, thereby enhancing hepatic antioxidation against "second-hit" reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the damaged mitochondria and abnormal ethanol metabolism. Taken together, sea cucumber ether-PLs show great potential to become a natural functional food against chronic alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis and lipid metabolic dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China.
| | - Yuliu Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China.
| | - Yanjun Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China. .,School of Food Science & Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Peixu Cong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China.
| | - Jie Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China.
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China. .,National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Biological Products, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China
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Di Ciaula A, Bonfrate L, Krawczyk M, Frühbeck G, Portincasa P. Synergistic and Detrimental Effects of Alcohol Intake on Progression of Liver Steatosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052636. [PMID: 35269779 PMCID: PMC8910376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD) are the most common liver disorders worldwide and the major causes of non-viral liver cirrhosis in the general population. In NAFLD, metabolic abnormalities, obesity, and metabolic syndrome are the driving factors for liver damage with no or minimal alcohol consumption. ALD refers to liver damage caused by excess alcohol intake in individuals drinking more than 5 to 10 daily units for years. Although NAFLD and ALD are nosologically considered two distinct entities, they show a continuum and exert synergistic effects on the progression toward liver cirrhosis. The current view is that low alcohol use might also increase the risk of advanced clinical liver disease in NAFLD, whereas metabolic factors increase the risk of cirrhosis among alcohol risk drinkers. Therefore, special interest is now addressed to individuals with metabolic abnormalities who consume small amounts of alcohol or who binge drink, for the role of light-to-moderate alcohol use in fibrosis progression and clinical severity of the liver disease. Evidence shows that in the presence of NAFLD, there is no liver-safe limit of alcohol intake. We discuss the epidemiological and clinical features of NAFLD/ALD, aspects of alcohol metabolism, and mechanisms of damage concerning steatosis, fibrosis, cumulative effects, and deleterious consequences which include hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agostino Di Ciaula
- Clinica Medica “Augusto Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School—Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.C.); (L.B.)
| | - Leonilde Bonfrate
- Clinica Medica “Augusto Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School—Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.C.); (L.B.)
| | - Marcin Krawczyk
- Department of Medicine II Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany;
- Laboratory of Metabolic Liver Diseases, Department of General, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, 31009 Pamplona, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31009 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica “Augusto Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School—Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.C.); (L.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Israel E, Hassen K, Markos M, Wolde K, Hawulte B. Central Obesity and Associated Factors Among Urban Adults in Dire Dawa Administrative City, Eastern Ethiopia. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:601-614. [PMID: 35241919 PMCID: PMC8887614 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s348098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Central obesity (CO) is a medical problem in which extra fat is accumulated in the abdomen and stomach extent that it may harm health. Furthermore, previous studies in Ethiopia predominantly relied on body mass index used to measure obesity and do not show distribution of fat. However, there is a paucity of information on the measurement of central obesity using waist circumference and associated factors in Ethiopia particularly in the study area. Hence, the purpose of this study is to assess the prevalence of central obesity and associated factors among urban adults in Dire Dawa, administrative city, Eastern Ethiopia. METHODS A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 633 adults in selected kebeles of administrative city from October 15 to November 15, 2020. A multistage and systematic sampling procedure was used to select study participants. Central obesity is defined as a condition with waist circumference ≥83.7 cm for men and ≥78 cm for women with or without general obesity (GO). Odds ratio along with 95% confidence interval was estimated to identify factors associated with central obesity using multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The overall prevalence of central obesity was 76.1%; at 95% CI (73%, 80%). Associated factors of central obesity were age 45 years and above [AOR = 3.75, 95% CI (1.86, 7.55)], being female [AOR = 2.52, 95% CI: (1.62, 3.94)], alcohol consumption [AOR = 2.61, 95% CI: (1.69, 4.05], physical inactivity [AOR = 2.05, 95% CI: (1.23, 3.42)], and two hour and more time spent on watching television [AOR = 3.30, 95% CI: (1.59, 6.82)]. CONCLUSION The study shows central obesity was high in the study area. Age 45 years and above, being females, married, physically inactive, alcohol consumption, and spending a long time watching television was associated with central obesity. Having regular physical activity, limiting alcohol drinking, and limiting time spent watching television were recommended to prevent central obesity and associated risk among adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ephrem Israel
- Dire Dawa Regional Health Bureau, Dire Dawa City Administration, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Kalkidan Hassen
- Department of Population and Family Health, Institute of Health Science, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Melese Markos
- Department of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Science, Wachemo University Durame Campus, Durame, Ethiopia
| | - Kiber Wolde
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Dire Dawa University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Bahailu Hawulte
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
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Chen SB, Liu DT, Chen YP. Prognostic Value of Body Mass Index Stratified by Alcohol Drinking Status in Patients With Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:769824. [PMID: 35251960 PMCID: PMC8891140 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.769824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The goal of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of body mass index (BMI) in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) when stratified by alcohol drinking status. METHODS A total of 620 patients with ESCC who underwent esophagectomy were analyzed. A receiver operating characteristic curve was constructed to set the appropriate cutoff point for BMI. Alcohol drinking was divided into ever and never. Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox regression analyses were conducted to investigate the association between clinicopathological factors and survival. RESULTS The cutoff point was 18.75 kg/m2 for BMI. Two hundred and twenty-nine patients were ever drinkers, while the other 391 patients were never drinkers. The ever drinker group was found to have more males, longer tumor lengths, advanced pT category disease, advanced pN category disease, and lower tumor locations. However, no significant difference in BMI was found between ever drinkers and never drinkers. For ever drinkers, low BMI was significantly correlated with worse overall survival (hazard ratio = 1.690; P=0.035) and cancer-specific survival (hazard ratio = 1.763; P=0.024) than high BMI after adjusting for other factors. However, BMI was not a prognostic factor in univariate and multivariate analyses for never drinkers. CONCLUSIONS BMI is a prognostic factor only in ever drinkers with ESCC but not in never drinkers. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism underlying the effect of the interaction between BMI and alcohol consumption on the prognosis of patients with ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-bin Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Di-tian Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yu-ping Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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Cheah S, Bassett JK, Bruinsma FJ, Cozen W, Hopper JL, Jayasekara H, Joshua D, MacInnis RJ, Prince HM, Vajdic CM, van Leeuwen MT, Doo NW, Harrison SJ, English DR, Giles GG, Milne RL. Alcohol and tobacco use and risk of multiple myeloma: A case-control study. EJHAEM 2022; 3:109-120. [PMID: 35846225 PMCID: PMC9175849 DOI: 10.1002/jha2.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological cancer and causes significant mortality and morbidity. Knowledge regarding modifiable risk factors for MM remains limited. This analysis of an Australian population-based case-control family study investigates whether smoking or alcohol consumption is associated with risk of MM and related diseases. Incident cases (n = 789) of MM were recruited via cancer registries in Victoria and New South Wales. Controls (n = 1,113) were either family members of cases (n = 696) or controls recruited for a similarly designed study of renal cancers (n = 417). Adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using unconditional multivariable logistic regression. Heavy intake (>20 g ethanol/day) of alcohol had a lower risk of MM compared with nondrinkers (OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.50-0.93), and there was an inverse dose-response relationship for average daily alcohol intake (OR per 10 g ethanol per day = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.86-0.99); there was no evidence of an interaction with sex. There was no evidence of an association with MM risk for smoking-related exposures (p > 0.18). The associations between smoking and alcohol with MM are similar to those with non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Further research into potential underlying mechanisms is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Cheah
- Cancer Epidemiology DivisionCancer Council VictoriaMelbourneAustralia
- Centre for Epidemiology and BiostatisticsMelbourne School of Population and Global HealthUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Julie K. Bassett
- Cancer Epidemiology DivisionCancer Council VictoriaMelbourneAustralia
| | - Fiona J. Bruinsma
- Cancer Epidemiology DivisionCancer Council VictoriaMelbourneAustralia
- Centre for Epidemiology and BiostatisticsMelbourne School of Population and Global HealthUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Wendy Cozen
- Department of Preventive MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - John L. Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and BiostatisticsMelbourne School of Population and Global HealthUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Harindra Jayasekara
- Cancer Epidemiology DivisionCancer Council VictoriaMelbourneAustralia
- Centre for Epidemiology and BiostatisticsMelbourne School of Population and Global HealthUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Douglas Joshua
- Royal Prince Alfred HospitalSydney Medical SchoolUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Robert J. MacInnis
- Cancer Epidemiology DivisionCancer Council VictoriaMelbourneAustralia
- Centre for Epidemiology and BiostatisticsMelbourne School of Population and Global HealthUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - H. Miles Prince
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of OncologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
- Epworth HealthcareMelbourneAustralia
| | - Claire M. Vajdic
- Centre for Big Data Research in HealthThe University of New South WalesSydneyAustralia
| | - Marina T. van Leeuwen
- Centre for Big Data Research in HealthThe University of New South WalesSydneyAustralia
| | | | - Simon J. Harrison
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of OncologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
- Clinical HaematologyPeter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne HospitalParkvilleAustralia
| | - Dallas R. English
- Cancer Epidemiology DivisionCancer Council VictoriaMelbourneAustralia
- Centre for Epidemiology and BiostatisticsMelbourne School of Population and Global HealthUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Graham G. Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology DivisionCancer Council VictoriaMelbourneAustralia
- Centre for Epidemiology and BiostatisticsMelbourne School of Population and Global HealthUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
- School of Clinical Sciences at Monash HealthPrecision MedicineMonash UniversityClaytonMelbourneAustralia
| | - Roger L. Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology DivisionCancer Council VictoriaMelbourneAustralia
- Centre for Epidemiology and BiostatisticsMelbourne School of Population and Global HealthUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
- School of Clinical Sciences at Monash HealthPrecision MedicineMonash UniversityClaytonMelbourneAustralia
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Tan SY, Curtis AR, Leech RM, Ridgers ND, Crawford D, McNaughton SA. A systematic review of temporal body weight and dietary intake patterns in adults: implications on future public health nutrition interventions to promote healthy weight. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:2255-2278. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02791-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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The Anti-Adiposity Mechanisms of Ampelopsin and Vine Tea Extract in High Fat Diet and Alcohol-Induced Fatty Liver Mouse Models. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030607. [PMID: 35163881 PMCID: PMC8838172 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Ampelopsis grossedentata (AG) is an ancient medicinal plant that is mainly distributed and used in southwest China. It exerts therapeutic effects, such as antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities, reductions in blood pressure and cholesterol and hepatoprotective effects. Researchers in China recently reported the anti-obesity effects of AG extract in diet-induced obese mice and rats. To verify these findings, we herein investigated the effects of AG extract and its principal compound, ampelopsin, in high-fat diet (HFD)- and alcohol diet-fed mice, olive oil-loaded mice, and differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. The results obtained showed that AG extract and ampelopsin significantly suppressed increases in the weights of body, livers and abdominal fat and also up-regulated the expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A in HFD-fed mice. In olive oil-loaded mice, AG extract and ampelopsin significantly attenuated increases in serum triglyceride (TG) levels. In differentiated 3T3-L1 cells, AG extract and ampelopsin promoted TG decomposition, which appeared to be attributed to the expression of hormone-sensitive lipase. In alcohol diet-fed mice, AG extract and ampelopsin reduced serum levels of ethanol, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and liver TG. An examination of metabolic enzyme expression patterns revealed that AG extract and ampelopsin mainly enhanced the expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase and suppressed that of cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e1. In conclusion, AG extract and ampelopsin suppressed diet-induced intestinal fat accumulation and reduced the risk of fatty liver associated with HFD and alcohol consumption.
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Visontay R, Sunderland M, Slade T, Wilson J, Mewton L. Are there non-linear relationships between alcohol consumption and long-term health?: a systematic review of observational studies employing approaches to improve causal inference. BMC Med Res Methodol 2022; 22:16. [PMID: 35027007 PMCID: PMC8759175 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-021-01486-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Research has long found ‘J-shaped’ relationships between alcohol consumption and certain health outcomes, indicating a protective effect of moderate consumption. However, methodological limitations in most studies hinder causal inference. This review aimed to identify all observational studies employing improved approaches to mitigate confounding in characterizing alcohol–long-term health relationships, and to qualitatively synthesize their findings. Methods Eligible studies met the above description, were longitudinal (with pre-defined exceptions), discretized alcohol consumption, and were conducted with human populations. MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase and SCOPUS were searched in May 2020, yielding 16 published manuscripts reporting on cancer, diabetes, dementia, mental health, cardiovascular health, mortality, HIV seroconversion, and musculoskeletal health. Risk of bias of cohort studies was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and a recently developed tool was used for Mendelian Randomization studies. Results A variety of functional forms were found, including reverse J/J-shaped relationships for prostate cancer and related mortality, dementia risk, mental health, and certain lipids. However, most outcomes were only evaluated by a single study, and few studies provided information on the role of alcohol consumption pattern. Conclusions More research employing enhanced causal inference methods is urgently required to accurately characterize alcohol–long-term health relationships. Those studies that have been conducted find a variety of linear and non-linear functional forms, with results tending to be discrepant even within specific health outcomes. Trial registration PROSPERO registration number CRD42020185861. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12874-021-01486-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Visontay
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Level 6, Jane Foss Russell Building, G02, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia. .,Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Level 1, AGSM (G27), Gate 11, Botany Street, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Matthew Sunderland
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Level 6, Jane Foss Russell Building, G02, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Tim Slade
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Level 6, Jane Foss Russell Building, G02, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Jack Wilson
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Level 6, Jane Foss Russell Building, G02, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Louise Mewton
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Level 6, Jane Foss Russell Building, G02, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Level 1, AGSM (G27), Gate 11, Botany Street, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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Askari M, Askari Z, Zarei Z, Farjam M, Homayounfar R, Mahmoudi Kohani HA. Prevalence of general and abdominal obesity and its relationship with opium, total opiate drugs, and chronic smoking: Fasa cohort study. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2022; 16:102357. [PMID: 34920194 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.102357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Obesity and drug use are two major global issues today. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between alcohol and tobacco use with general and central obesity. METHODS The data of the longitudinal population-based study were collected from the basis of the Fasa Cohort Study (FACS). Participants were 10141 people with 35-70 years old. Data were analyzed by SPSS 20 software. Binary logistic regression (BLR) was used for modelling. A significance level (α) less than 0.05% was considered for hypothesis testing. RESULTS Of the total participants (N = 10104), 54.8% (n = 5539) were women. The prevalence of central obesity in terms of waist circumference (WC), waist to hip ratio (WHR), and waist to height ratio (WHtR) were calculated 48.20% (N = 4871), 79.50% (N = 8032), and 83.30% (N = 8314). The Odds Ratio (OR) adjusted of Abnormal body mass index (BMI) for Opium and chronic smoking were 0.54 (CI: 0.47-0.63) and 0.47 (CI:0.40-0.56). OR adjusted Abnormal WC for opium and chronic smoking were calculated 0.65 (CI: 0.53-0.80) and 0.57 (CI:0.46-0.72), respectively. Three variables of opium (OR = 0.54, CI: 0.46-0.64), total opiate drugs (OR = 1.46, CI:1.16-1.83) and chronic smoking (OR = 0.58, CI: 0.48-0.70) remained in the modeling for Abnormal WHR. Which were statistically significant. CONCLUSION Significant and inverse relationships were found between obesity and opium, total opiate drugs, and chronic smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Askari
- Genetic and Environmental Adventures Research Center, School of Abarkouh Paramedicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Zinab Askari
- Student Research Committee, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
| | - Zahra Zarei
- Student Research Committee, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
| | - Mojtaba Farjam
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
| | - Reza Homayounfar
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran; National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Li D, Hu Z, He Q, Guo Y, Chong Y, Xu J, Qin L. Lactoferrin Alleviates Acute Alcoholic Liver Injury by Improving Redox-Stress Response Capacity in Female C57BL/6J Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:14856-14867. [PMID: 34873911 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lactoferrin (Lf) can attenuate alcoholic liver injury (ALI) in male mice; however, the effects of Lf on acute ALI in female mice are still unknown. Female C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into four groups and fed with different diets for 4 weeks: an AIN-93G diet for control (CON) and ethanol (EtOH) groups; an AIN-93G diet with 0.4 and 4% casein replaced by Lf for low-dose Lf (LLf) and high-dose Lf (HLf) groups. Acute ALI was induced by intragastric administration of ethanol (4.8 g/kgbw) every 12 h continuously for three times. HLf had obvious alleviating effects on acute ALI. Lf pretreatment did not affect hepatic alcohol metabolism key enzymes. Meanwhile, the ethanol-induced hepatic reactive oxygen species level increase was not ameliorated by Lf. Metabolomics and bioinformatics analysis results suggested an important role of redox-stress response capacity (RRC). Western blots showed HLf-promoted AKT and AMP-activated protein kinase activations and upregulated Nrf2 and LC3-II expressions, which was associated with RRC improvement. In summary, HLf could prevent acute ALI in female mice, and RRC likely played an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deming Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Zhiqiang Hu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Qian He
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yaxin Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yu Chong
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Jiaying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Liqiang Qin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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Gao C, Yu W, Zhao X, Li C, Fan B, Lv J, Wei M, He L, Su C, Zhang T. Four-Way Decomposition of Effect of Alcohol Consumption and Body Mass Index on Lipid Profile. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182413211. [PMID: 34948819 PMCID: PMC8701985 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background: Both obesity and alcohol consumption are strongly associated with dyslipidemia; however, it remains unclear whether their joint effect on lipid profiles is through mediation, interaction, or a combination of the two. Methods: In total, 9849 subjects were selected from the 2009 panel of China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). A four-way decomposition method was used to validate the pathways of drinking and body mass index (BMI) on lipids (total cholesterol, TC; triglyceride, TG; low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C; apolipoprotein A, APO-A; and apolipoprotein B, APO-B). Results: According to four-way decomposition, the total effects of drinking on lipids were found to be statistically significant, except for LDL-C. The components due to reference interaction were 0.63, 0.48, 0.60, −0.39, −0.30, and 0.20 for TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, APO-A and APO-B, respectively (p < 0.05 for all). The effect size of pure indirect effect and mediated interaction were 0.001~0.006 (p > 0.05 for all). Further, linear regression models were used to examine the effect of BMI on lipid profiles in drinkers and non-drinkers. The associations of BMI and lipids were higher in all drinkers than in non-drinkers (0.069 versus 0.048 for TC, 0.079 versus 0.059 for TG, 0.057 versus 0.037 for LDL-C, −0.045 versus −0.029 for HDL-C, −0.024 versus −0.011 for APO-A and 0.026 versus 0.019 for APO-B, p interaction <0.05 for all). Conclusions: The joint effect of alcohol consumption and obesity on lipid profiles is through interaction rather than mediation. Alcohol consumption amplifies the harmful effect of BMI on lipid profiles. Greater attention should be paid to lipid health and cardiovascular risk in obese individuals regarding alcohol consumption. For obese individuals, we do not recommend alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaonan Gao
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (C.G.); (W.Y.); (C.L.); (B.F.); (J.L.); (M.W.); (L.H.)
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Shandong University, Jinan 250002, China
- National Institute of Health Data Science of China, Jinan 250002, China
| | - Wenhao Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (C.G.); (W.Y.); (C.L.); (B.F.); (J.L.); (M.W.); (L.H.)
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Shandong University, Jinan 250002, China
- National Institute of Health Data Science of China, Jinan 250002, China
| | - Xiangjuan Zhao
- Maternal and Child Health Care of Shandong Province, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China;
| | - Chunxia Li
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (C.G.); (W.Y.); (C.L.); (B.F.); (J.L.); (M.W.); (L.H.)
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Shandong University, Jinan 250002, China
- National Institute of Health Data Science of China, Jinan 250002, China
| | - Bingbing Fan
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (C.G.); (W.Y.); (C.L.); (B.F.); (J.L.); (M.W.); (L.H.)
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Shandong University, Jinan 250002, China
- National Institute of Health Data Science of China, Jinan 250002, China
| | - Jiali Lv
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (C.G.); (W.Y.); (C.L.); (B.F.); (J.L.); (M.W.); (L.H.)
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Shandong University, Jinan 250002, China
- National Institute of Health Data Science of China, Jinan 250002, China
| | - Mengke Wei
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (C.G.); (W.Y.); (C.L.); (B.F.); (J.L.); (M.W.); (L.H.)
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Shandong University, Jinan 250002, China
- National Institute of Health Data Science of China, Jinan 250002, China
| | - Li He
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (C.G.); (W.Y.); (C.L.); (B.F.); (J.L.); (M.W.); (L.H.)
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Shandong University, Jinan 250002, China
- National Institute of Health Data Science of China, Jinan 250002, China
| | - Chang Su
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (T.Z.)
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (C.G.); (W.Y.); (C.L.); (B.F.); (J.L.); (M.W.); (L.H.)
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Shandong University, Jinan 250002, China
- National Institute of Health Data Science of China, Jinan 250002, China
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (T.Z.)
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Alcohol Contribution to Total Energy Intake and Its Association with Nutritional Status and Diet Quality in Eight Latina American Countries. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182413130. [PMID: 34948740 PMCID: PMC8701082 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption is a modifiable risk factor for non-communicable diseases. This study aimed to characterize alcohol consumers at the nutritional, anthropometric, and sociodemographic levels. Data from 9218 participants from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela participating in “Latin American Health and Nutrition Study (ELANS)”, a multi-country, population-based study, were used. Dietary intake was collected through two, 24 h recalls. Participants were classified into consumers (n = 1073) and non-alcohol consumers (n = 8145) using a cut-off criterium of ≥15 g/day of alcohol consumption calculated from the estimation of their usual daily intake. Among alcohol consumers, the mean alcohol consumption was 69.22 ± 2.18 grams (4.6. beverages/day), contributing to 484.62 kcal, which corresponded to 16.86% of the total energy intake. We found that the risk of alcohol consumption was higher in young and middle-aged men from low and middle socioeconomic status. Argentine, Brazil, and Chile had the highest percentage of consumers, while Ecuador showed the highest alcohol consumption. Alcohol drinkers were characterized by having higher body weight and wider neck, waist, hips circumferences. Alcohol drinkers had a higher energy intake, with macronutrients providing relatively less energy at the expense of the energy derived from alcohol. Alcohol drinkers showed lower and higher consumptions of healthy and unhealthy food groups, respectively. In addition, adequacy ratios for all micronutrients assessed were lower in alcohol consumers. All these deleterious effects of alcohol on nutritional and anthropometric parameters increased with the number of alcoholic beverages consumed daily. Altogether, these findings suggest that limiting alcohol consumption can contribute to reducing the risk of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diet-related diseases.
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O'Donovan G, Inan-Eroglu E, Stamatakis E, Hamer M. Alcohol drinking in one's thirties and forties is associated with body mass index in men, but not in women: A longitudinal analysis of the 1970 British Cohort Study. Prev Med 2021; 153:106811. [PMID: 34560097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Our objective was to investigate longitudinal associations between alcohol drinking and body mass index (BMI). Alcohol drinking (exposure), BMI (outcome), smoking habit, occupation, longstanding illness, and leisure time physical activity (potential confounders) were assessed at ages 30, 34, 42, and 46 in the 1970 British Birth Cohort Study. Multilevel models were used to cope with the problem of correlated observations. There were 15,708 observations in 5931 men and 14,077 observations in 5656 women. Drinking was associated with BMI in men. According to the regression coefficients, BMI was expected to increase by 0.36 (95% confidence interval: 0.11, 0.60) kg/m2 per year in men who drank once a week and by 0.40 (0.14, 0.15) kg/m2 per year in men who drank most days. In ten years, BMI was expected to increase by 5.4 kg/m2 in men who drank and by 2.9 kg/m2 in men who drank and were physically active. Drinking was not associated with BMI in women. Rather, BMI was expected to increase by 0.25 (0.07, 0.43) kg/m2 per year in women who were former smokers. In ten years, BMI was expected to increase by 4.3 kg/m2 in women who were former smokers and by 0.8 kg/m2 in women who were former smokers and who were physically active. Associations between drinking and BMI were similar after further adjustment for problematic drinking and diet. These longitudinal data suggest that drinking is associated with BMI in men and that drinking is not associated with BMI in women independent of other lifestyle risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary O'Donovan
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia.
| | - Elif Inan-Eroglu
- The Boden Collaboration for Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; Prevention Research Collaboration, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia.
| | - Emmanuel Stamatakis
- Prevention Research Collaboration, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre Epidemiology Unit, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia.
| | - Mark Hamer
- Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Institute Sport Exercise Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
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Eating and drinking habits and its association with obesity in Japanese healthy adults: retrospective longitudinal big data analysis using a health check-up database. Br J Nutr 2021; 126:1585-1591. [PMID: 33461638 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521000179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Few longitudinal studies have evaluated the association between eating and drinking habits and the risk of obesity. Therefore, we conducted a 5-year longitudinal big data analysis for evaluating various eating and drinking habits and the risk of obesity. We analysed individuals without obesity who received medical check-ups from 2008 to 2012 and 5 years later from the JMDC Health check-up database. The primary outcome was the incidence of obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2), and the secondary outcome was the incidence of abdominal obesity (waist circumference ≥ 85 cm for men and 90 cm for women). Age- and sex-adjusted, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted. Of 123 182 individuals without obesity at baseline, the median age was 45 (interquartile range 40, 51) years and 76 965 (62·5 %) were men. After 5 years, 7133 (5·8 %) people developed obesity and 12 725 (10·3 %) people developed abdominal obesity. Among six eating and drinking habits, skipping breakfast was associated with a higher risk of obesity (OR 1·21; 99 % CI 1·10, 1·34). In contrast, occasional (OR 0·86; 99 % CI 0·78, 0·94) or daily (OR 0·79; 99 % CI 0·68, 0·91) drinking of alcoholic beverages was associated with a lower risk of obesity. According to the 5-year longitudinal data, eating and drinking habits such as mild to moderate alcohol consumption and avoiding skipping breakfast may result in better obesity prevention. However, excess alcohol consumption would be harmful and should be avoided.
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Souza LPSE, Hermsdorff HHM, Miranda AEDS, Bressan J, Pimenta AM. Alcohol consumption and overweight in Brazilian adults - CUME Project. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2021; 26:4835-4848. [PMID: 34787179 DOI: 10.1590/1413-812320212611.3.20192019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This is a cross-sectional study with 2,909 participants (aged ≥18 years) from the baseline of the Cohort of Universities of Minas Gerais [CUME - Coorte de Universidades Mineiras] which verified the association between alcohol consumption and overweight. Data on sociodemographic factors, lifestyle, eating habits, anthropometric factors and clinical conditions were collected through an online questionnaire. Body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m² was considered an indicator of overweight. The daily consumption of alcohol was evaluated in grams (alcohol) and according to type in milliliters (beer, wine, hard liquor). The prevalence of alcohol consumption and overweight was 73.6% and 40.8%, respectively. There was a significant tendency of an increase in overweight with higher beer consumption (tendency p value of 0.038), which was not observed for the other types of alcohol. After sensitivity analyses, alcohol consumption was associated to overweight, with a tendency of increase in prevalence with higher daily consumption. There is a crucial need to curb the widely accepted idea that a low or moderate alcohol consumption is not harmful to one's health, and to be cautious of such a proposition. The influence of alcohol consumption regarding weight gain must be considered in public health policies and policies of alcohol consumption control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Paulo Souza E Souza
- Departamento de Medicina, Instituto de Saúde e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas. Estrada Coari/Mamiá 305, Espírito Santo. 69.460-000 Coari AM Brasil
| | | | - Aline Elizabeth da Silva Miranda
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição e Saúde, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte MG Brasil
| | - Josefina Bressan
- Departamento de Nutrição e Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Viçosa MG Brasil
| | - Adriano Marçal Pimenta
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição e Saúde, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte MG Brasil.,Departamento de Enfermagem Materno-Infantil e Saúde Pública, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte MG Brasil.
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Qiu Q, Sung J. The effects of graduated driver licensing on teenage body weight. HEALTH ECONOMICS 2021; 30:2829-2846. [PMID: 34448322 DOI: 10.1002/hec.4414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The graduated driver licensing (GDL) program requires teenage drivers to pass through an intermediate stage, which contains specific driving restrictions such as a night curfew or a limit on the number of teen passengers to be carried, before earning full driving privileges. Using individual data from the 1999 to 2017 biennial Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBS) combined with state-level GDL policy variations, we estimate the effects of GDL on teenage body weight in the United States. We find that the presence of GDL raises adolescents' body mass index Z-score and their likelihood of being overweight or obese. Among the restrictions imposed, a night curfew implemented together with a passenger restriction makes the most significant impact. These estimated effects are concentrated among states with more restrictive GDL policies. We also find that the presence of GDL reduces adolescent physical activity and heavy smoking, while increasing their time spent watching TV and milk intake, perhaps contributing to youth weight gain. An event study analysis reveals that the effects of GDL on adolescent weight increase may be transitory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihua Qiu
- James M. Hull College of Business, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jaesang Sung
- Department of Economics, Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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