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Johnson NJ, Smith RJ, Kil H. Not all mindfulness is equal: certain facets of mindfulness have important implications for well-being and mental health across the lifespan. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1347487. [PMID: 38686088 PMCID: PMC11057496 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1347487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The connections between the five facets of mindfulness, well-being, and mental health across the lifespan have traditionally been investigated using variable-centered approaches. Less research has investigated these relationships from a person-centered, profile-based approach. In this work, we aimed to identify the profiles of mindfulness in a Canadian lifespan sample (14 to 90 years of age) and investigate how these profiles compared on age, well-being, and mental health. An age- and gender-balanced sample of 1,600 participants completed a questionnaire that measured the five facets of mindfulness; life satisfaction; existential well-being; and anxiety, depression, and stress symptoms. A latent profile analysis was conducted. Five profiles based on the five-facet model of mindfulness were identified: high mindfulness, moderate mindfulness, low mindfulness, nonjudgmentally aware, and judgmentally observing. The 3-step approach to profile comparisons was used to assess age, mental health, and well-being differences across the profiles. Those in the high mindfulness and nonjudgmentally aware profiles were generally older, while the judgmentally observing profile contained younger individuals. Those in the high mindfulness and nonjudgmentally aware profiles reported the greatest mental health and well-being. Conversely, those in the low mindfulness and judgmentally observing profiles had worse mental health than the other profiles. The moderate mindfulness profile was situated between these profile groups on age, mental health, and well-being outcomes. This pattern of results has implications for mindfulness-based intervention research and practice to better account for heterogeneity in mindfulness and better support well-being across the lifespan.
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Trub LR, Stewart JL, Lomidze A, Lopez E, Starks TJ. Young Adult Women and Sexual Awareness in the Digital Age: Examining Pathways Linking Online Dating Debut and Mindfulness with Sexual and Mental Health. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2023; 52:2859-2877. [PMID: 37726556 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-023-02692-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Sexual awareness is an understudied phenomenon, despite its known effects on mental health. Little is known about the predictors of sexual awareness, including how early sexual debut and early engagement with online dating and hookup apps might impact the development of sexual mindfulness. Given the conceptual overlap between mindfulness and sexual awareness, this study tested a model that hypothesized that general mindfulness and early sexual and online dating debuts may be associated with mental health outcomes and sexual behavior through pathways involving sexual awareness (assertiveness, consciousness, appeal, and monitoring). A sample of 2,379 heterosexually active young adult women completed an online survey. Path models indicated that both early sexual debut (prior to age 15) and early online dating debut (prior to age 18) had significant, positive direct associations with anxiety and depression scores. Early online dating was also associated with condomless sex with casual male partners. However, both early sexual debut and early online dating debut were indirectly linked to greater sexual risk through greater appeal, and to lower sexual risk through sexual assertiveness. Additionally, greater monitoring contributed to more depression for those with an earlier sexual debut. These findings point to potential risks associated with early online dating. They also highlight benefits of studying sexual awareness as a multi-dimensional construct, especially as it helps to clarify divergent findings in the existing literature on the long-term consequences associated with early sexual debut. While some domains were associated with risk (monitoring and appeal), others were indicative of resilience (assertiveness).
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Affiliation(s)
- Leora R Trub
- Psychology Department, Pace University, New York, NY, 10038, USA.
| | - J L Stewart
- Psychology Department, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ana Lomidze
- Psychology Department, Pace University, New York, NY, 10038, USA
| | - Eliana Lopez
- Psychology Department, Pace University, New York, NY, 10038, USA
| | - Tyrel J Starks
- Psychology Department, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Health Psychology and Clinical Science Doctoral Program, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
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Cheung K, Ma KY, Tsang H, Leung NH, Lui KY, Ho SW. Mixed-mode Zentangle and Pastel Nagomi artwork for improving mental well-being in university students during COVID-19 pandemic - a randomized controlled feasibility trial. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1132923. [PMID: 37292499 PMCID: PMC10244775 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1132923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background University students are identified as a high-risk group for mental health problems. Artworks have been found effective in enhancing individuals' mental well-being in different populations, but none have been conducted on university students. This study was to address this research gap to determine the feasibility and estimate the preliminary effects of Zentangle and Pastel Nagomi on the mental well-being of undergraduate students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method This was a 3-arm randomized controlled trial, with 33 undergraduates allocated to two 8-week artworks (Zentangle or Pastel Nagomi Art group) and a control group. Data were collected at baseline, and weeks 4, 6, 8, and 12. Focus group interviews were conducted at the 12-week follow-up. Results The consent and attrition rates were 80.5 and 6.06%, respectively. The attendance rate ranged from 83.3 to 100%. Compared with the control group, the Pastel Nagomi art group had a significant improvement in retaining positive affect at week 6. This retention could be further observed at week 12. Moreover, the Zentangle group had a significant increase in positive affect at week 4, with better retention at week 12. In addition, the within-group analyses showed that the Pastel Nagomi art group had significantly decreased negative affect at weeks 6 and week 12; and the Zentangle group had significantly decreased depression at week 8. The qualitative findings suggested that the intervention resulted in the participants enjoying the artwork process, and being proud of their artwork and personal growth. Limitation The study included an imbalance number of online vs. face-to-face sessions, and repeated measures may have affected the results. Conclusion The study suggests that both artworks are effective in improving undergraduates' mental well-being and that it is feasible to conduct future large-scale studies (263 words).
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Parajuli N, Shindhe M, Pradhan B. Effect of Surya Namaskara (Sun Salutation) on mental health, self-control and mindfulness of adolescent school children. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2023; 50:101691. [PMID: 36375325 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2022.101691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A considerable portion of adolescent school children suffer from mental health problems. Low self-control and mindfulness are positively associated with poor mental health. Therefore, the present study was designed to assess the effect of Surya Namaskara (SN) on mental health, self-control, and mindfulness among adolescent school children. METHODS Sixty-three (39 females) students (mean age = 14.24 years and SD = 0.42 years) in grade nine from a private school in India were recruited as study participants. The design of the present study was a non-randomized two arms design. Section A (N = 33) was selected as the intervention group, whereas section B (N = 30) was considered a control group. Students in the intervention group were given SN for two weeks. The participants were administered the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12), Brief Self-control Scale (BSCS), and Mindfulness, Attention and Awareness Scale for Adolescents (MAAS-A) questionnaires at the baseline and after two weeks of intervention. RESULTS The within-group comparison showed a significant main effect of time in MAAS-A scores. There was also a significant group by time interaction effect for BSCS and MAAS-A scores. Post-hoc analysis showed that the SN group has significantly higher post-BSCS and MAAS-A scores than the control group. Similarly, there was a significantly high BSCS score and MAAS-A score after SN intervention compared to their respective pre-scores. There was no significant change in the GHQ-12 scores in both groups in the pre-post comparison. CONCLUSION The present study showed that SN improves self-control and mindfulness in adolescent school children.
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McBride EE, Chin GR, Clauser KS, Greeson JM. Perceived Stress Mediates the Relationship Between Trait Mindfulness and Physical Symptoms of Stress: a Replication Study Using Structural Equation Modeling. Mindfulness (N Y) 2022; 13:1923-1930. [PMID: 35813095 PMCID: PMC9257563 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-022-01928-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The mindfulness stress buffering account posits mindfulness may benefit physical health by reducing stress. Previous research supports this account and suggests the non-judging facet of mindfulness may be most strongly associated with physical symptoms of stress, via lower perceived stress. The current replication study used structural equation modeling to analyze relationships between multiple facets of mindfulness, perceived stress, and physical symptoms of stress. Methods Undergraduate students (n = 534, 68% White, 65% female) completed surveys measuring trait mindfulness (Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire—Short Form), perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale), and physical symptoms of stress (Cohen-Hoberman Inventory of Physical Symptoms). Results As hypothesized, results showed the negative relationship between four facets of mindfulness (describing, non-judging, non-reactivity, and acting with awareness) and physical symptoms of stress was partially mediated by lower perceived stress. Observing, however, was associated with more physical symptoms of stress. Conclusions The current findings successfully replicated the results of two previous studies in an independent sample, using a more parsimonious analytic strategy that included all variables in a single path model. Results confirm the stress-buffering effect of trait mindfulness, particularly non-judging. Future research may test whether changes in trait mindfulness, particularly non-judging, explain individual differences in objective measures of stress and physical health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma E. McBride
- Department of Psychology, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028 USA
| | - Gabrielle R. Chin
- Department of Psychology, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028 USA
| | - Kora S. Clauser
- Department of Psychology, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028 USA
| | - Jeffrey M. Greeson
- Department of Psychology, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028 USA
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Patel ZM, Holbrook EH, Turner JH, Adappa ND, Albers MW, Altundag A, Appenzeller S, Costanzo RM, Croy I, Davis GE, Dehgani-Mobaraki P, Doty RL, Duffy VB, Goldstein BJ, Gudis DA, Haehner A, Higgins TS, Hopkins C, Huart C, Hummel T, Jitaroon K, Kern RC, Khanwalkar AR, Kobayashi M, Kondo K, Lane AP, Lechner M, Leopold DA, Levy JM, Marmura MJ, Mclelland L, Miwa T, Moberg PJ, Mueller CA, Nigwekar SU, O'Brien EK, Paunescu TG, Pellegrino R, Philpott C, Pinto JM, Reiter ER, Roalf DR, Rowan NR, Schlosser RJ, Schwob J, Seiden AM, Smith TL, Soler ZM, Sowerby L, Tan BK, Thamboo A, Wrobel B, Yan CH. International consensus statement on allergy and rhinology: Olfaction. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2022; 12:327-680. [PMID: 35373533 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The literature regarding clinical olfaction, olfactory loss, and olfactory dysfunction has expanded rapidly over the past two decades, with an exponential rise in the past year. There is substantial variability in the quality of this literature and a need to consolidate and critically review the evidence. It is with that aim that we have gathered experts from around the world to produce this International Consensus on Allergy and Rhinology: Olfaction (ICAR:O). METHODS Using previously described methodology, specific topics were developed relating to olfaction. Each topic was assigned a literature review, evidence-based review, or evidence-based review with recommendations format as dictated by available evidence and scope within the ICAR:O document. Following iterative reviews of each topic, the ICAR:O document was integrated and reviewed by all authors for final consensus. RESULTS The ICAR:O document reviews nearly 100 separate topics within the realm of olfaction, including diagnosis, epidemiology, disease burden, diagnosis, testing, etiology, treatment, and associated pathologies. CONCLUSION This critical review of the existing clinical olfaction literature provides much needed insight and clarity into the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of patients with olfactory dysfunction, while also clearly delineating gaps in our knowledge and evidence base that we should investigate further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zara M Patel
- Otolaryngology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Eric H Holbrook
- Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Justin H Turner
- Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Nithin D Adappa
- Otolaryngology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mark W Albers
- Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aytug Altundag
- Otolaryngology, Biruni University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Simone Appenzeller
- Rheumatology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Richard M Costanzo
- Physiology and Biophysics and Otolaryngology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Ilona Croy
- Psychology and Psychosomatic Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Greg E Davis
- Otolaryngology, Proliance Surgeons, Seattle and Puyallup, Washington, USA
| | - Puya Dehgani-Mobaraki
- Associazione Naso Sano, Umbria Regional Registry of Volunteer Activities, Corciano, Italy
| | - Richard L Doty
- Smell and Taste Center, Otolaryngology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Valerie B Duffy
- Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - David A Gudis
- Otolaryngology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Antje Haehner
- Smell and Taste, Otolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas S Higgins
- Otolaryngology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Claire Hopkins
- Otolaryngology, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals, London Bridge Hospital, London, UK
| | - Caroline Huart
- Otorhinolaryngology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholgique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Smell and Taste, Otolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Robert C Kern
- Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ashoke R Khanwalkar
- Otolaryngology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Masayoshi Kobayashi
- Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Kenji Kondo
- Otolaryngology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Andrew P Lane
- Otolaryngology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Matt Lechner
- Otolaryngology, Barts Health and University College London, London, UK
| | - Donald A Leopold
- Otolaryngology, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Joshua M Levy
- Otolaryngology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Michael J Marmura
- Neurology Thomas Jefferson University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lisha Mclelland
- Otolaryngology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Takaki Miwa
- Otolaryngology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Paul J Moberg
- Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Sagar U Nigwekar
- Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Erin K O'Brien
- Otolaryngology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Teodor G Paunescu
- Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Carl Philpott
- Otolaryngology, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Jayant M Pinto
- Otolaryngology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Evan R Reiter
- Otolaryngology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - David R Roalf
- Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nicholas R Rowan
- Otolaryngology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rodney J Schlosser
- Otolaryngology, Medical University of South Carolina, Mt Pleasant, South Carolina, USA
| | - James Schwob
- Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Allen M Seiden
- Otolaryngology, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Timothy L Smith
- Otolaryngology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Zachary M Soler
- Otolaryngology, Medical University of South Carolina, Mt Pleasant, South Carolina, USA
| | - Leigh Sowerby
- Otolaryngology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bruce K Tan
- Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Andrew Thamboo
- Otolaryngology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bozena Wrobel
- Otolaryngology, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Carol H Yan
- Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
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Holden LR, Hart SA. Intelligence Can Be Used to Make a More Equitable Society but Only When Properly Defined and Applied. J Intell 2021; 9:57. [PMID: 34940379 PMCID: PMC8706903 DOI: 10.3390/jintelligence9040057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the US, undeniable evidence shows that socioeconomic inequities explain a high proportion of individual differences in school achievement. Although not all countries show this same effect due to socioeconomic status, it is consistently found that social inequities lead to achievement gaps. These achievement gaps then manifest into trajectories that set some individuals on a path of lower incomes, poorer health and higher mortality, lower wellbeing, and other poor adult outcomes. Like James Flynn so handily reminded the scientific literature that achievement gaps are explainable by environmental factors, the inequities we see around the world are based on environments some children are exposed to. In his work, Flynn stated his belief that the suppression of scientific work on intelligence would continue to lead to social inequities. We wish to take this idea and move it forward. We believe that the scientific construct of intelligence plays a key role in helping create a more equitable society through science. We also believe that the poor perception of intelligence, rooted in historical realities, means that it will continue to be misunderstood, feared, and misused, limiting how effective it could be in helping to close gaps in achievement and in creating a more equitable society.
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Affiliation(s)
- LaTasha R. Holden
- Department of Psychology, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Sara A. Hart
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA;
- Florida Center for Reading Research, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
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Tanhehco YC, Li Y, Zantek ND, Becker J, Alsammak M, Mikesell K, Wu DW, Foster T, Chhibber V, Martin MS, Wehrli G. Apheresis physician well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic: Results of a survey. Transfusion 2021; 61:1542-1550. [PMID: 33619750 PMCID: PMC8013538 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background The COVID‐19 pandemic has placed additional stressors on physician lives. In this study, we report findings from a survey conducted among attending physician (AP) members of the American Society for Apheresis (ASFA) to elucidate the status of their well‐being during the COVID‐19 pandemic as well as resources provided or actions taken by their institutions and themselves personally to maintain or improve their well‐being. Study Design and Methods A 17‐question, voluntary, IRB‐approved survey regarding well‐being was distributed to the ASFA AP members between August 26, 2020 and September 16, 2020. The descriptive analyses were reported as number and frequency of respondents for each question. Non‐parametric chi‐square tests, ANOVA, and paired t‐tests were performed to determine differences in categorical variables, changes in well‐being scores, and compare time points, respectively. Results Based on the responses of 70 attending level physicians representing the United States (U.S., 53, 75.7%) and outside the U.S. (17, 24.3%), the following were observed: (1) COVID‐19 negatively affects the well‐being of a sub‐population of APs, (2) neither institutional nor individual measures to improve well‐being completely resolved the problem of decreased AP well‐being during the pandemic, and (3) personal actions may be superior to institutional resources. Conclusion There is a widespread decline in AP well‐being during the COVID‐19 pandemic that was not adequately improved by institutional or personal resources/actions taken. Institutions and physicians must work together to implement strategies including resources and actions that could further improve AP physician well‐being during a public health crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvette C Tanhehco
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yanhua Li
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nicole D Zantek
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Joanne Becker
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, Department of Pathology and Anatomic Sciences, Jacobs School of Medicine, SUNY at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Mohamed Alsammak
- Blood Bank/Transfusion Medicine, Temple University Hospital; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kael Mikesell
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Northern Light Eastern Maine Medical Center, Bangor, Maine, USA
| | - Ding Wen Wu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratories, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Vishesh Chhibber
- Transfusion Medicine, UMass Memorial Healthcare, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Gay Wehrli
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Health, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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Trombka M, Demarzo M, Campos D, Antonio SB, Cicuto K, Walcher AL, García-Campayo J, Schuman-Olivier Z, Rocha NS. Mindfulness Training Improves Quality of Life and Reduces Depression and Anxiety Symptoms Among Police Officers: Results From the POLICE Study-A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:624876. [PMID: 33716824 PMCID: PMC7952984 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.624876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Police officers' high-stress levels and its deleterious consequences are raising awareness to an epidemic of mental health problems and quality of life (QoL) impairment. There is a growing evidence that mindfulness-based interventions are efficacious to promote mental health and well-being among high-stress occupations. Methods: The POLICE study is a multicenter randomized controlled trial (RCT) with three assessment points (baseline, post-intervention, and 6-month follow-up) where police officers were randomized to mindfulness-based health promotion (MBHP) (n = 88) or a waiting list (n = 82). This article focuses on QoL, depression and anxiety symptoms, and religiosity outcomes. Mechanisms of change and MBHP feasibility were evaluated. Results: Significant group × time interaction was found for QoL, depression and anxiety symptoms, and non-organizational religiosity. Between-group analysis showed that MBHP group exhibited greater improvements in QoL, and depression and anxiety symptoms at both post-intervention (QoL d = 0.69 to 1.01; depression d = 0.97; anxiety d = 0.73) and 6-month follow-up (QoL d = 0.41 to 0.74; depression d = 0.60; anxiety d = 0.51), in addition to increasing non-organizational religiosity at post-intervention (d = 0.31). Changes on self-compassion mediated the relationship between group and pre-to-post changes for all QoL domains and facets. Group effect on QoL overall health facet at post-intervention was moderated by mindfulness trait and spirituality changes. Conclusion: MBHP is feasible and efficacious to improve QoL, and depression and anxiety symptoms among Brazilian officers. Results were maintained after 6 months. MBHP increased non-organizational religiosity, although the effect was not sustained 6 months later. To our knowledge, this is the first mindfulness-based intervention RCT to empirically demonstrate these effects among police officers. Self-compassion, mindfulness trait, and spirituality mechanisms of change are examined. Clinical Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov. identifier: NCT03114605.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Trombka
- Postgraduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Innovations and Interventions for Quality of Life Research Group, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Clinical Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Cambridge Health Alliance, Center for Mindfulness and Compassion, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Marcelo Demarzo
- Mente Aberta, Brazilian Center for Mindfulness and Health Promotion, Department of Preventive Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Campos
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación en Salud Mental en Atención Primaria, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sonia B. Antonio
- Mente Aberta, Brazilian Center for Mindfulness and Health Promotion, Department of Preventive Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karen Cicuto
- Mente Aberta, Brazilian Center for Mindfulness and Health Promotion, Department of Preventive Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana L. Walcher
- Postgraduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Innovations and Interventions for Quality of Life Research Group, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Clinical Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Javier García-Campayo
- Grupo de Investigación en Salud Mental en Atención Primaria, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Zev Schuman-Olivier
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Cambridge Health Alliance, Center for Mindfulness and Compassion, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Neusa S. Rocha
- Postgraduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Innovations and Interventions for Quality of Life Research Group, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Clinical Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Hussain M, Egan H, Keyte R, Mantzios M. Exploring the Environmental Manifestation of Types of Music on Reinforcing Mindfulness and Concurrent Calorie Intake. Psychol Rep 2020; 124:2633-2650. [PMID: 33092479 DOI: 10.1177/0033294120967276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of music on energy intake is conflicting, and recent research has suggested a positive association between classical music listening and mindfulness. OBJECTIVE The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of music, specifically classical music on state mindfulness and calorie intake of energy-dense foods. METHOD One hundred participants were randomly assigned to either a classical, popular or no music condition, and were served a variety of sweet (i.e., chocolate and cookies) and savoury (i.e., crisps) energy-dense foods. Results: The results found no significant differences in state mindfulness, overall calorie intake, or intake of sweet foods across the three conditions. However, participants in the classical music condition did consume significantly less savoury food than those in the no music condition. CONCLUSION Playing classical music may be beneficial in reducing intake of savoury foods, but not through the association to changes in state mindfulness. Future research should explore extended sessions of music listening on state mindfulness and other experiential evaluations of mindfulness to conclude on the direct and indirect effects of music on sweet and savoury foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misba Hussain
- Department of Psychology, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Helen Egan
- Department of Psychology, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rebecca Keyte
- Department of Psychology, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Michail Mantzios
- Department of Psychology, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
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Beerse ME, Van Lith T, Stanwood G. Therapeutic psychological and biological responses to mindfulness-based art therapy. Stress Health 2020; 36:419-432. [PMID: 32073202 DOI: 10.1002/smi.2937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Stress and anxiety pose a threat to college students' academic performance as well as their long-term mental and physical health, but the time constraints of a rigorous academic schedule make it difficult to offer even brief mental health interventions. A convenience sample of full-time students at a public university was recruited for a 5-week study conducted mostly using an online platform. Participants were randomly assigned to a Mindfulness-Based Art Therapy (MBAT) intervention or a Neutral Clay Task (NCT). Anxiety, perceived stress, and salivary cortisol outcomes were measured. A total of n = 77 participants completed the study. The MBAT group experienced significant reductions in anxiety and perceived stress compared to the NCT group. Significant reductions in salivary cortisol were observed, but only time could be identified as a confounding variable. Art making alone is not enough to induce significant positive responses, but this study suggests MBAT can, and that an online intervention could offer feasible and accessible mental health services on college campuses. Further refinement of biological data collection and analysis is needed to determine what the mediating effects MBAT could have, if any, at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Beerse
- Department of Art Education, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Theresa Van Lith
- Department of Art Education, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Gregg Stanwood
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
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12
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Congard A, Andreotti E, Dauvier B, Le Vigouroux S, Antoine P. Modification of Affective Trajectory in a Positive Psychology Intervention. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2020; 12:770-786. [DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Congard
- Nantes UniversityLaboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la LoireLPPL, EA 4638 Nantes France
| | - Eva Andreotti
- University of LilleCNRSUMR 9193 ‐ SCALab ‐ Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives Lille France
| | - Bruno Dauvier
- Center for Research on the Psychology of Cognition, Langage and Emotion Aix‐Marseille University Aix‐en‐Provence France
| | | | - Pascal Antoine
- University of LilleCNRSUMR 9193 ‐ SCALab ‐ Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives Lille France
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Lund EM. Even more to handle: Additional sources of stress and trauma for clients from marginalized racial and ethnic groups in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic. COUNSELLING PSYCHOLOGY QUARTERLY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09515070.2020.1766420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily M. Lund
- Department of Educational Studies in Psychology, Research Methodology and Counseling, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
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Klussman K, Nichols AL, Langer J. The Role of Self-Connection in the Relationship between Mindfulness and Meaning: A Longitudinal Examination. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2020; 12:636-659. [PMID: 32333526 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Researchers have rarely examined mindfulness and meaning in a way that informs the causality and directionality of this relationship. The current research examines this relationship across time, further validates the Self-Connection Scale (SCS), and examines the role of self-connection in both moderating and mediating this relationship. This allows for researchers and practitioners alike to utilise self-connection to help increase their own and others' well-being. METHODS One hundred and fifty-four participants completed measures of mindfulness, self-connection, and meaning over 4 weeks. We also included various measures related to well-being to further examine the nomological network of the SCS. RESULTS Multi-level models examined a total of 432 observations across 108 participants. Mindfulness predicted an increase in the presence of but not search for meaning. Self-connection partially mediated the effect on the presence of meaning and moderated the effect on the search for meaning. Furthermore, the SCS demonstrated good validity and reliability across time. CONCLUSIONS Self-connection, as measured by the SCS, has an important role in positive psychology, and those with a deficit are likely to benefit the most from increased mindfulness. Together, this provides several implications for using mindfulness and self-connection research in personal and professional practice.
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15
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Psychosocial factors and multiple health risk behaviors among early adolescents: a latent profile analysis. J Behav Med 2020; 43:1002-1013. [PMID: 32323118 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-020-00154-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Early adolescence is a pivotal developmental period when multiple health risk behaviors, such as obesity and substance use, are often established. Several psychosocial factors, often considered traits, have been independently associated with these increases, including executive function (EF), mindfulness disposition (MD), perceived stress, distress tolerance (DT), and anhedonia. However, these factors have not been evaluated for their conjoint relationships to determine whether different patterns may signal greater or lesser risk for obesity and substance use, and whether the same patterns relate to obesity and substance use in the same ways (same magnitude of risk). To evaluate these patterns, a latent profile analysis was conducted, resulting in a three-profile model. Profile 1 (8% of sample) was characterized by the lowest levels of EF, MD, DT and highest levels of stress and anhedonia, profile 2 (44%) intermediate levels, and profile 3 (48%) the highest levels of EF, MD, DT and lowest levels of stress and anhedonia. Youth classified to profile 1 reported significantly greater levels of both obesogenic and substance use behaviors relative to other profiles. Findings suggest that adolescents engaging in obesogenic and substance use behaviors may share common profiles of psychosocial risk.
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Svendsen JL, Schanche E, Osnes B, Vøllestad J, Visted E, Dundas I, Nordby H, Binder PE, Sørensen L. Is Dispositional Self-Compassion Associated With Psychophysiological Flexibility Beyond Mindfulness? An Exploratory Pilot Study. Front Psychol 2020; 11:614. [PMID: 32328014 PMCID: PMC7160328 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dispositional mindfulness and self-compassion are shown to associate with less self-reported emotional distress. However, previous studies have indicated that dispositional self-compassion may be an even more important buffer against such distress than dispositional mindfulness. To our knowledge, no study has yet disentangled the relationship between dispositional self-compassion and mindfulness and level of psychophysiological flexibility as measured with vagally mediated heart rate variability (vmHRV). The aim was thus to provide a first exploratory effort to expand previous research relying on self-report measures by including a psychophysiological measure indicative of emotional stress reactivity. METHODS Fifty-three university students filled out the "Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire" (FFMQ) and the "Self-Compassion Scale" (SCS), and their heart rate was measured during a 5 min resting electrocardiogram. Linear hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to examine the common and unique variance explained by the total scores of the FFMQ and the SCS on level of resting vmHRV. RESULTS Higher SCS total scores associated significantly with higher levels of vmHRV also when controlling for the FFMQ total scores. The SCS uniquely explained 7% of the vmHRV. The FFMQ total scores did not associate with level of vmHRV. CONCLUSION These results offer preliminary support that dispositional self-compassion associates with better psychophysiological regulation of emotional arousal above and beyond mindfulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Lillebostad Svendsen
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Elisabeth Schanche
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Berge Osnes
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Bjørgvin District Psychiatric Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jon Vøllestad
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Solli District Psychiatric Centre, Nesttun, Norway
| | - Endre Visted
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingrid Dundas
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Helge Nordby
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Per-Einar Binder
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lin Sørensen
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Watford TS, O'Brien WH, Koerten HR, Bogusch LM, Moeller MT, Sonia Singh R, Sims TE. The mindful attention and awareness scale is associated with lower levels of high-frequency heart rate variability in a laboratory context. Psychophysiology 2019; 57:e13506. [PMID: 31737916 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Trait mindfulness has been associated with well-being. A key component of trait mindfulness is intentional attention and awareness which is most commonly measured by the Mindful Attention and Awareness Scale (MAAS). This study investigated the relationship between the MAAS and cardiovascular (HF-HRV, heart rate) reactivity to two laboratory stressors that evoked different patterns of change in heart rate (HR). One stressor (viewing a video of a surgery) evoked HR deceleration while the other stressor (mental arithmetic) evoked HR acceleration. Undergraduate students completed the MAAS and were then exposed to the two stressors while ECG (electrocardiography) was recorded. Findings support the reliability of the stressors to induce expected differential cardiovascular responses and explicate the role of parasympathetic activation. Further, a main effect for MAAS was observed indicating that across laboratory conditions, persons scoring higher on the MAAS had lower HF-HRV relative to persons scoring lower on the MAAS. These findings suggest that higher levels of intentional attention and awareness in a laboratory context might promote parasympathetic withdrawal because these participants were more vigilant, experienced higher cognitive load, and detected more threat cues. Implications for the MAAS and cardiovascular responses to stress are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya S Watford
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio
| | - William H O'Brien
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio
| | - Hannah R Koerten
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio
| | - Leah M Bogusch
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio
| | - Mary T Moeller
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio
| | - R Sonia Singh
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio
| | - Tracy E Sims
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio
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18
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Beerse ME, Van Lith T, Pickett SM, Stanwood GD. Biobehavioral utility of mindfulness-based art therapy: Neurobiological underpinnings and mental health impacts. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 245:122-130. [PMID: 31635490 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219883634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mindfulness-based art therapy (MBAT) combines mindfulness practices with art therapy to promote health, wellness, and adaptive responses to stress. Mindfulness-based stress reduction programs have been demonstrated to reduce anxiety symptoms in people with generalized anxiety disorder and serious medical conditions such as cancer. However, the benefits of MBAT specifically—not just in clinical anxiety disorders, but also for routine day-to-day anxiousness—have received little attention until recently. In this mini-review, we summarize how several established mindfulness-based interventions affect mental health with a specific focus on MBAT. We also describe and evaluate data indicating involvement of specific neural circuits and neuroendocrine markers of stress and/or anxiety. Lastly, we suggest areas of focus for future rigorous research on MBAT interventions and propose multiple biobehavioral and physiological mechanisms through which therapeutic benefits may be achieved.Impact statementRecent studies demonstrate the therapeutic potential of intensive MBAT and other mindfulness-based interventions for severe health conditions including cancer, heart disease, and anxiety, with effectiveness that rivals and sometimes even exceeds cognitive behavior therapy. MBAT-based approaches appear to be poised to mature into large-scale, cost-effective therapies for mental health disorders and symptoms comorbid with other serious health issues. However, the field currently suffers from inconsistent deployment protocols and needs additional validation data—at the behavioral, neuroendocrine, and neural levels—in order to establish best practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Beerse
- Department of Art Education, Florida State University College of Fine Arts, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Theresa Van Lith
- Department of Art Education, Florida State University College of Fine Arts, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Scott M Pickett
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Gregg D Stanwood
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.,Center for Brain Repair, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
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19
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Asensio-Martínez Á, Masluk B, Montero-Marin J, Olivan-Blázquez B, Navarro-Gil MT, García-Campayo J, Magallón-Botaya R. Validation of Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire - Short form, in Spanish, general health care services patients sample: Prediction of depression through mindfulness scale. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214503. [PMID: 30939151 PMCID: PMC6445454 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The validation of Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ)-short version was performed in a general population of a city in a region of Galicia (Spain), the sample was composed of randomly selected Spanish Health Care patients (N = 845). The results on the goodness of fit of the non-hierarchical, five-dimensional factorial model met the criteria for good and acceptable model adjustment (after eliminating item 18 and despite the correlations detected among the errors included in the model), explaining a 55.5%.of the variance. As the second objective has been analysed the association between the scores obtained in the different facets of the FFMQ-SF and the risk of suffering an episode of depression. (The Odd Ratio, the Hosmer-Lemeshow test and the ROC curve were calculated.) Participants who were currently suffering from an episode of depression were more likely to have low scores in "describing" facet of Mindfulness (adjusted OR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.04-2.40, linear trend: χ2 = 3.74, df = 1, p = 0.053) as well as low scores on "acting with awareness" (adjusted OR = 2.19, 95% CI = 1.461-3.30, linear trend: χ2 = 9.52, df = 1; = 0.002) and "non judging" (adjusted OR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.36-3.09, linear trend: χ2 = 143.21, df = 1; p <0.001). Participants with a previous episode of depression were more likely to have low scores on the subscale "acting with awareness" (adjusted OR = 2.37, 95% CI = 1.43-3.93, linear trend: χ2 = 9.62, df = 1, p = 0.002) and "non-reactivity" (adjusted OR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.28-3.56, linear trend: χ2 = 8.30; df = 1; p = 0.004. Questionnaire FFMQ-SF is an adequate questionnaire for the evaluation of mindfulness in non-clinical multi- occupational population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Asensio-Martínez
- Research Network in preventive activities and health promotion RedIAPP, Barcelona, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Barbara Masluk
- Research Network in preventive activities and health promotion RedIAPP, Barcelona, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jesus Montero-Marin
- Research Network in preventive activities and health promotion RedIAPP, Barcelona, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Bárbara Olivan-Blázquez
- Research Network in preventive activities and health promotion RedIAPP, Barcelona, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa Navarro-Gil
- Research Network in preventive activities and health promotion RedIAPP, Barcelona, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Javier García-Campayo
- Research Network in preventive activities and health promotion RedIAPP, Barcelona, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Psychiatry and Dermatology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rosa Magallón-Botaya
- Research Network in preventive activities and health promotion RedIAPP, Barcelona, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Psychiatry and Dermatology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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Abstract
PURPOSE Mental health is an important measure of public health (WHO, 2004); however, nursing practice and research continues to prioritize mental illness, rather than well-being (Wand, 2011). Flourishing is a recent concept in the field of well-being. The term has been used sparingly in nursing practice and research, and conceptual clarification is needed to promote comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon. The purpose of this study is to critically analyze flourishing, assess the maturity of the concept, and provide recommendations for future research, education, and practice. METHOD The concept of flourishing was analyzed using the evolutionary approach to concept analysis (Rodgers, 2000). A search for articles on flourishing within the context of well-being was conducted through CINAHL, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO. A sample of 32 articles and 1 book was reviewed. Data were reviewed for concept attributes, antecedents, consequences, surrogate terms and related concepts. FINDINGS Four models of flourishing were identified with six overlapping attributes: meaning, positive relationships, engagement, competence, positive emotion, and self-esteem. Limited longitudinal and predictive studies have been conducted, but there is evidence for several antecedents and outcomes of flourishing. Research is ongoing primarily in psychology and sociology and is lacking in other disciplines. DISCUSSION The concept of flourishing is immature; however, evidence is building for related concepts. A lack of consistent terminology regarding flourishing prevents knowledge development of flourishing as a distinct concept. Further multidisciplinary research is needed to establish standard operational and conceptual definitions and develop effective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Agenor
- a University of Central Florida College of Nursing , Orlando , Florida , USA
| | - Norma Conner
- a University of Central Florida College of Nursing , Orlando , Florida , USA
| | - Karen Aroian
- a University of Central Florida College of Nursing , Orlando , Florida , USA
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Chan DKC, Zhang X, Fung HH, Hagger MS. Affect, Affective Variability, and Physical Health: Results from a Population-Based Investigation in China. Int J Behav Med 2017; 23:438-46. [PMID: 26416662 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-015-9510-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is good evidence linking positive affect with adaptive psychological and physical health outcomes and negative affect with maladaptive outcomes, in multiple contexts and samples. However, recent research has suggested that the fluctuation of emotions, known as affective variability, may also be an important correlate of individuals' health. PURPOSE The present study examined the relationship between affect, affective variability, and self-reported health status in a large representative sample of adults in China. METHOD We analyzed cross-sectional data retrieved from the World Health Organization's study on global ageing and adults' health. A total of 15,050 Chinese adults (aged between 18 and 99) from China reported their affective experiences during the previous day, perceived health, and their history of multiple chronic illnesses from their medical records (stroke, angina, diabetes, chronic lung disease, depression, and hypertension). Hierarchical multiple regression and logistic regression analyses were employed to analyze the data. RESULTS Independent of individuals' mean levels of affect, affective variability was negatively related to subjective health conditions and positively related to diagnosed illness status, after controlling for demographic variables. Results suggest that affective variability increases the likelihood of reported impaired health and diagnosis of affect-related illnesses such as angina and depression. CONCLUSION The present study highlighted the importance of studying the impact of affective variability, in addition to that of mean affect levels, on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derwin K C Chan
- Institute of Human Performance, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Psychology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China, 100871.
| | - Helene H Fung
- Department of Psychology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Martin S Hagger
- Health Psychology and Behavioural Medicine Research Group, School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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22
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Reiser JE, McCarthy CJ. Preliminary Investigation of a Stress Prevention and Mindfulness Group for Teachers. JOURNAL FOR SPECIALISTS IN GROUP WORK 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/01933922.2017.1338811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abstract
Interest in the influence of dispositional mindfulness (DM) on psychological health has been gathering pace over recent years. Despite this, a systematic review of this topic has not been conducted. A systematic review can benefit the field by identifying the terminology and measures used by researchers and by highlighting methodological weaknesses and empirical gaps. We systematically reviewed non-interventional, quantitative papers on DM and psychological health in non-clinical samples published in English up to June 2016, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A literature search was conducted using PsycINFO, PubMED, Medline and Embase, and 93 papers met the inclusion criteria. Within these, three main themes emerged, depicting the relationship between DM and psychological health: (1) DM appears to be inversely related to psychopathological symptoms such as depressive symptoms, (2) DM is positively linked to adaptive cognitive processes such as less rumination and pain catastrophizing and (3) DM appears to be associated with better emotional processing and regulation. These themes informed the creation of a taxonomy. We conclude that research has consistently shown a positive relationship between DM and psychological health. Suggestions for future research and conceptual and methodological limitations within the field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve R. Tomlinson
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, 10W 3.51, Bath, UK
| | - Omar Yousaf
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, 10W 3.51, Bath, UK
| | - Axel D. Vittersø
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, 10W 3.51, Bath, UK
| | - Lauraine Jones
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, 10W 3.51, Bath, UK
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Stanko-Kaczmarek M, Kaczmarek LD. Effects of Tactile Sensations during Finger Painting on Mindfulness, Emotions, and Scope of Attention. CREATIVITY RESEARCH JOURNAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10400419.2016.1189769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Strömbäck M, Wiklund M, Salander Renberg E, Malmgren-Olsson EB. Gender-sensitive and youth-friendly physiotherapy: Steps toward a stress management intervention for girls and young women. Physiother Theory Pract 2016; 32:20-33. [DOI: 10.3109/09593985.2015.1075639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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26
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Amutio A, Martínez-Taboada C, Hermosilla D, Delgado LC. Enhancing relaxation states and positive emotions in physicians through a mindfulness training program: A one-year study. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2014; 20:720-31. [DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2014.986143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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