1
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Domasevitch KV, Krautscheid H. Two metastable high hydrates of energetic material 3,3',5,5'-tetranitro-4,4'-bipyrazole. Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2024; 80:166-176. [PMID: 38668132 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229624003346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Poly-stoichiometry of hydrated phases is relatively uncommon for organic materials and extended libraries of such species adopting different aqua-to-substrate ratios are still rare. The kinetically controlled higher hydrates could be particularly interesting for their structural relationships, which presumably may imprint some features of the substrate/substrate and aqua/substrate bonding in solutions, and provide insights into the nucleation stage. Two metastable high hydrates are prepared by crash crystallization. The crystal structures of 3,3',5,5'-tetranitro-4,4'-bipyrazole tetrahydrate, C6H2N8O8·4H2O, (1), and 3,3',5,5'-tetranitro-4,4'-bipyrazole pentahydrate, C6H2N8O8·5H2O, (2), are intrinsically related to the previously reported anhydrate and monohydrate, while displaying natural evolution of the patterns upon progressive watering. The accumulation of the water molecules causes their clustering, with the generation of one-dimensional tapes and two-dimensional layers in the genuine channel hydrates (1) and (2), respectively, versus the pocket hydrate structure of C6H2N8O8·H2O. The hydration primarily affects the pyrazole sites. It conditions the emergence of N-H...O and O-H...N hydrogen bonds, which is a destructive factor for pyrazole/pyrazole N-H...N hydrogen bonding. At the same time, extensive noncovalent interactions of the organic molecules, namely, lone pair-π-hole O...N interactions of the NO2/NO2 and NO2/pyrazole types, are more competitive to the hydrogen bonding and the motifs of mutual organic/organic stacks remain intact with the increase in hydration. These trends agree with the results of Hirshfeld surface analysis. The contributions of the contacts involving H atoms are increased in line with the growing number of water molecules, while the fraction of O...N/N...O (NO2) contacts is nearly invariant. One may postulate the significance of the lone pair-π-hole interactions to the aggregation of nitro species in solutions and their relevance for the sebsequent development of the solid-state patterns through nucleation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostiantyn V Domasevitch
- Inorganic Chemistry Department, National Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Str. 64/13, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Harald Krautscheid
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
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2
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Napiórkowska E, Szeleszczuk Ł, Milcarz K, Pisklak DM. Density Functional Theory and Density Functional Tight Binding Studies of Thiamine Hydrochloride Hydrates. Molecules 2023; 28:7497. [PMID: 38005219 PMCID: PMC10673443 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiamine hydrochloride (THCL), also known as vitamin B1, is an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), present on the list of essential medicines developed by the WHO, which proves its importance for public health. THCL is highly hygroscopic and can occur in the form of hydrates with varying degrees of hydration, depending on the air humidity. Although experimental characterization of the THCL hydrates has been described in the literature, the questions raised in previously published works suggest that additional research and in-depth analysis of THCL dehydration behavior are still needed. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to characterize, by means of quantum chemical calculations, the behavior of thiamine hydrates and explain the previously obtained results, including changes in the NMR spectra, at the molecular level. To achieve this goal, a series of DFT (CASTEP) and DFTB (DFTB+) calculations under periodic boundary conditions have been performed, including molecular dynamics simulations and GIPAW NMR calculations. The obtained results explain the differences in the relative stability of the studied forms and changes in the spectra observed for the samples of various degrees of hydration. This work highlights the application of periodic DFT calculations in the analysis of various solid forms of APIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Napiórkowska
- Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 81 Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szeleszczuk
- Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Milcarz
- Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Maciej Pisklak
- Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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3
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Ao Z, Feng S, Zhao C, Guo S, Li K, Han D, Gong J. Study on polycyclic macromolecular drug solid stability: A case exploration of methylcobalamin. Int J Pharm 2023; 644:123326. [PMID: 37591473 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
As one of derivatives of Vitamin B12, methylcobalamin (MeCbl) is an indispensable "Life Element" and plays an essential role in maintaining human normal physiology function and clinical medicine application. Because of the intricate molecular structure, strong hygroscopicity and optical instability, maintaining its solid stability is a great challenge in pharmaceutical preparation. Based on the structure features of MeCbl hydrates, this study explored the drug solid stability by designing solid-solid phase transformation (SSPT) experiments. Three hydrate powders of MeCbl that had special structure with isolated site and channel water molecules were discovered. It was found that drying condition and surrounding humidity were controlling factors influencing the final solid form. The inter-conversion relations relevant to heating-induced and humidity-induced structure changes were established among the three hydrate powders. Powder X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, high performance liquid chromatography and dynamic vapor sorption were used to characterize the differences and related properties of stably prepared MeCbl hydrate powders. The particle size of product could be regulated and controlled by optimizing operating conditions of crystallization process, where ultrasound-assisted and seeding-introduced were applied as promising strategies to enhance solution crystallization process. This study opens up the possibility for the stable preparation and large-scale production of polycyclic macromolecular bulk drugs like methylcobalamin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxia Ao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, The Co-Innovation Center of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Tianjin, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Shanshan Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, The Co-Innovation Center of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Tianjin, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Chenyang Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, The Co-Innovation Center of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Tianjin, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Shilin Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, The Co-Innovation Center of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Tianjin, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Kangli Li
- Zhejiang Shaoxing Institute of Tianjin University, Shaoxing 312300, PR China.
| | - Dandan Han
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, The Co-Innovation Center of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Tianjin, Tianjin 300072, PR China; Zhejiang Shaoxing Institute of Tianjin University, Shaoxing 312300, PR China.
| | - Junbo Gong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, The Co-Innovation Center of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Tianjin, Tianjin 300072, PR China; Zhejiang Shaoxing Institute of Tianjin University, Shaoxing 312300, PR China
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4
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Klitou P, Parisi E, Bordignon S, Bravetti F, Rosbottom I, Dell’Aera M, Cuocci C, Chierotti MR, Altomare A, Simone E. Navigating the Complex Solid Form Landscape of the Quercetin Flavonoid Molecule. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2023; 23:6034-6045. [PMID: 37547879 PMCID: PMC10401642 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.3c00584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin, a naturally occurring bioflavonoid substance widely used in the nutraceutical and food industries, exists in various solid forms that can have different physicochemical properties, thus impacting this compound's performance in various applications. In this work, we will clarify the complex solid-form landscape of this molecule. Two elusive isostructural solvates of quercetin were obtained from ethanol and methanol. The obtained crystals were characterized experimentally, but the crystallographic structure could not be solved due to their high instability. Nevertheless, the desolvated structure resulting from a high-temperature treatment (or prolonged storage at ambient conditions) of both these two labile crystals was characterized and solved via powder X-ray diffraction and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR). This anhydrous crystal structure was compared with another anhydrous quercetin form obtained in our previous work, indicating that, at least, two different anhydrous polymorphs of quercetin exist. Navigating the solid-form landscape of quercetin is essential to ensure accurate control of the functional properties of food, nutraceutical, or pharmaceutical products containing crystal forms of this substance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panayiotis Klitou
- School
of Food Science and Nutrition, Food Colloids and Bioprocessing Group, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Emmanuele Parisi
- Department
of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, Torino I-10129, Italy
| | - Simone Bordignon
- Dipartimento
di Chimica I.F.M, Università degli
Studi di Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, Torino I-10125, Italy
| | - Federica Bravetti
- Dipartimento
di Chimica I.F.M, Università degli
Studi di Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, Torino I-10125, Italy
| | - Ian Rosbottom
- School
of Chemical and Process Engineering, University
of Leeds, Woodhouse
Lane Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Marzia Dell’Aera
- Institute
of Crystallography IC − CNR, via Amendola 122/O, Bari I-70126, Italy
| | - Corrado Cuocci
- Institute
of Crystallography IC − CNR, via Amendola 122/O, Bari I-70126, Italy
| | - Michele R. Chierotti
- Dipartimento
di Chimica I.F.M, Università degli
Studi di Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, Torino I-10125, Italy
| | - Angela Altomare
- Institute
of Crystallography IC − CNR, via Amendola 122/O, Bari I-70126, Italy
| | - Elena Simone
- School
of Food Science and Nutrition, Food Colloids and Bioprocessing Group, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
- Department
of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, Torino I-10129, Italy
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5
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Liu C, Xu Y, Yuan H, Tian G, Qin X, Lou B, Liu X, Zhang L, Lu J. Solubility determination, dissolution properties and solid transformation of resmetirom (form A) in heptane and seven alcohols. RSC Adv 2023; 13:22172-22184. [PMID: 37520754 PMCID: PMC10372540 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02521g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, the solubility of resmetirom (form A) was initially measured in heptane and seven alcohol solvents by gravimetric methods. Then, the transformation temperature between form A and ethanol solvate was determined at 333.76 K. Subsequently, some commonly used models were applied to fit the solubility data, and it was found that the modified Apelblat equation and the Jouyban-Acree-van't Hoff (J-A-V) model achieved the highest correlation accuracy for those in mono-solvents and heptane + propanol, respectively. And the average relative deviation (ARD) values of models were less than 0.5%, indicating a good agreement with the experimental results. Additionally, through density functional theory calculation and the analysis of solvent parameters, it was observed that hydrogen-bonding played primary roles in the dissolution process of resmetirom. The multiple factors such as the polarity of solvent, active site interaction, the molecular size and free volume all affect the solubility of resmetirom. Furthermore, by comparing the experimental and simulated infrared spectra of form A and two alcohol solvates, five characteristic bands were selected for quantification. Partial least squares regression (PLSR), a multivariate statistical analysis method, was used to extract quantitative information. The quantitative analysis model was established based on specific wavelength intervals, which were associated with inter-molecular interactions. Combined with PLSR, a new high-precision quantitative method was established to study the solid transformation process between form A and solvates. From 303.15 to 323.15 K, the rate of transformation from form A to methanol solvate or ethanol solvate was decreased with increasing temperature, revealing that the transformation process was driven by the solubility difference between form A and solvates under the studied conditions. This research will definitely afford necessary solubility data and solvent selection for the design of the crystallization process of resmetirom (form A) in industry, and provide basic data for the production of resmetirom (form A) in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science Shanghai 201620 China +86 21 67791214
| | - Yue Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science Shanghai 201620 China +86 21 67791214
| | - Haikuan Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science Shanghai 201620 China +86 21 67791214
| | - Guangxin Tian
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science Shanghai 201620 China +86 21 67791214
| | - Xiaolan Qin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science Shanghai 201620 China +86 21 67791214
| | - Boxuan Lou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science Shanghai 201620 China +86 21 67791214
| | - Xijian Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science Shanghai 201620 China +86 21 67791214
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science Shanghai 201620 China +86 21 67791214
| | - Jie Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science Shanghai 201620 China +86 21 67791214
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6
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Eaby AC, Myburgh DC, Kosimov A, Kwit M, Esterhuysen C, Janiak AM, Barbour LJ. Dehydration of a crystal hydrate at subglacial temperatures. Nature 2023; 616:288-292. [PMID: 37045922 PMCID: PMC10097597 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05749-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Water is one of the most important substances on our planet1. It is ubiquitous in its solid, liquid and vaporous states and all known biological systems depend on its unique chemical and physical properties. Moreover, many materials exist as water adducts, chief among which are crystal hydrates (a specific class of inclusion compound), which usually retain water indefinitely at subambient temperatures2. We describe a porous organic crystal that readily and reversibly adsorbs water into 1-nm-wide channels at more than 55% relative humidity. The water uptake/release is chromogenic, thus providing a convenient visual indication of the hydration state of the crystal over a wide temperature range. The complementary techniques of X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and molecular simulations were used to establish that the nanoconfined water is in a state of flux above -70 °C, thus allowing low-temperature dehydration to occur. We were able to determine the kinetics of dehydration over a wide temperature range, including well below 0 °C which, owing to the presence of atmospheric moisture, is usually challenging to accomplish. This discovery unlocks opportunities for designing materials that capture/release water over a range of temperatures that extend well below the freezing point of bulk water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan C Eaby
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Dirkie C Myburgh
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Akmal Kosimov
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Marcin Kwit
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Catharine Esterhuysen
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
| | | | - Leonard J Barbour
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
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7
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Yang B, Li Y, Lei J, Cai M, Hu Z, Shen Y, Deng X. Dehydration kinetics and mechanism of the stable isonicotinamide hydrate revealed by terahertz spectroscopy and DFT calculation. Int J Pharm 2023; 638:122893. [PMID: 36990167 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
The dehydration behavior of pharmaceutical hydrates has a great influence on its physiochemical properties such as stability, dissolution rate and bioavailability. However, how the intermolecular interactions vary during dehydration process remains elusive. In this work, we employed terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) to probe the low-frequency vibrations and the dehydration process of isonicotinamide hydrate I (INA-H I). Theoretical solid-state DFT calculation was conducted to reveal its mechanism. Vibrational modes which are responsible for the THz absorption peaks were decomposed for better understanding the characters of these low-frequency modes. The result suggests translational motion is the dominant component for water molecules in THz region. Evolution of the THz spectrum of INA-H I during dehydration provides direct evidence of the variations of crystal structure. Based on the THz measurements, a two-step kinetics mode including first-rate reaction and three-dimensional nuclei growth is proposed. And we nure that the low-frequency vibrations of water molecules are the origin of dehydration process of hydrate.
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8
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Ueda H, Osaki H, Miyano T. Baloxavir Marboxil Shows Anomalous Conversion of Crystal Forms from Stable to Metastable through Formation of Specific Solvate Form. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:158-165. [PMID: 35835185 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Baloxavir marboxil is a novel cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor of influenza. This study aimed to identify its polymorphs and their relationship with crystal engineering. Polymorph screening by evaporation gave forms I-III and solvate forms IV and V. Heating enabled the conversion of form III to form II, but did not enable that of forms I and II. The solvent-mediated transformation of the forms I-III by magnetic stirring in various solvents resulted in the formation of form I. These results indicate that form I is the stable form. However, all crystal forms transformed to form II after magnetic stirring in a 50% acetonitrile aqueous solution, which was not obtained from water or acetonitrile. The suspension in a 50% acetonitrile aqueous solution exhibited a novel X-ray diffraction pattern as shown in form VI. The measurement of the suspension by solid-state 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance revealed that the spectra of forms II and VI were similar. From these results, we conclude that the drug forms a solvate with both water and acetonitrile and spontaneously transforms to form II upon rapid desolvation under ambient conditions. This study elucidates the mechanism of unexpected convergence to a metastable form in a specific solvent and contributes to the crystal engineering of baloxavir marboxil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ueda
- Physical Chemistry, Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry Research, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, 561-0825, Japan.
| | - Hiromi Osaki
- Bioanalysis, Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Development, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, 561-0825, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Miyano
- Physical Chemistry, Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry Research, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, 561-0825, Japan
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9
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Wang C, Sun CC. Mechanisms of Crystal Plasticization by Lattice Water. Pharm Res 2022; 39:3113-3122. [PMID: 35301669 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03221-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Water of crystallization has been observed to increase plasticity, decrease crystal hardness, and improve powder compressibility and tabletability of organic crystals. This work is aimed at gaining a molecular level insight into this observation. METHOD We systematically analyzed crystal structures of five stoichiometric hydrate systems, using several complementary techniques of analysis, including energy framework, water environment, overall packing change, hydrate stability, and slip plane identification. RESULTS The plasticizing effect by lattice water is always accompanied by an introduction of more facile slip planes, lower packing efficiency, and lower density in all hydrate systems examined in this work. Three distinct mechanisms include 1) changing the distribution of intermolecular interactions without significantly changing the packing of molecules to introduce more facile slip planes; 2) changing packing feature into a flat layered structure so that more facile slip planes are introduced; 3) reducing the interlayer interaction energies and increasing the anisotropy. CONCLUSION Although the specific mechanisms for these five systems differ, all five hydrates are featured with more facile slip planes, lower packing efficiency, and lower density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Wang
- Pharmaceutical Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 9-127B Weaver-Densford Hall, 308 Harvard Street S.E, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.,Evelo Biosciences, Cambridge, MA, 02139 , USA
| | - Changquan Calvin Sun
- Pharmaceutical Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 9-127B Weaver-Densford Hall, 308 Harvard Street S.E, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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10
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Liao Q, Kang Q, Xu B, Hou J. Design and Application of an Asymmetric Naphthalimide-based Molecule with Improved Hydrophobicity for Highly Stable Organic Solar Cells. JACS AU 2022; 2:1918-1928. [PMID: 36032525 PMCID: PMC9400047 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With the photovoltaic efficiency of organic solar cells (OSCs) exceeding 17%, improving the stability of these systems has become the most important issue for their practical applications. In particular, moisture in the environment may erode the interlayer molecules, which has been proved to be the main reason for the efficiency decay. At present, the development of moisture-resistant interlayer molecules remains a great challenge to the field. Herein, we designed two naphthalene diimide (NDI)-based organic compounds, namely, NDI-M and NDI-S, exhibiting suitable energy level and excellent electron extraction property. In addition to this, NDI-S has extremely low hygroscopicity. An efficiency of 17.27% was achieved for the NDI-S inverted cells, and the long-term stability under continuous illumination conditions was significantly improved with a T80 lifetime (the time required to reach 80% of initial performance) of over 28 000 h. More importantly, we demonstrated that, by using a covalent bond to link the counter ions with the host molecular structure in the zwitterion, the asymmetric molecule NDI-S can transform from amorphous to crystalline hydrate at high humidity and exhibited outstanding non-hygroscopic nature; this could decrease the interaction between the cell and the moisture, obviously improving the device stability under high humidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liao
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute
of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R.
China
| | - Qian Kang
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute
of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R.
China
| | - Bowei Xu
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials
Science and Engineering, Beijing University
of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute
of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R.
China
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11
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The Relevance of Crystal Forms in the Pharmaceutical Field: Sword of Damocles or Innovation Tools? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169013. [PMID: 36012275 PMCID: PMC9408954 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This review is aimed to provide to an “educated but non-expert” readership and an overview of the scientific, commercial, and ethical importance of investigating the crystalline forms (polymorphs, hydrates, and co-crystals) of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API). The existence of multiple crystal forms of an API is relevant not only for the selection of the best solid material to carry through the various stages of drug development, including the choice of dosage and of excipients suitable for drug development and marketing, but also in terms of intellectual property protection and/or extension. This is because the physico-chemical properties, such as solubility, dissolution rate, thermal stability, processability, etc., of the solid API may depend, sometimes dramatically, on the crystal form, with important implications on the drug’s ultimate efficacy. This review will recount how the scientific community and the pharmaceutical industry learned from the catastrophic consequences of the appearance of new, more stable, and unsuspected crystal forms. The relevant aspects of hydrates, the most common pharmaceutical solid solvates, and of co-crystals, the association of two or more solid components in the same crystalline materials, will also be discussed. Examples will be provided of how to tackle multiple crystal forms with screening protocols and theoretical approaches, and ultimately how to turn into discovery and innovation the purposed preparation of new crystalline forms of an API.
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12
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CRYSTAL ARCHITECTURE, DFT AND HIRSHFELD SURFACE ANALYSIS OF NOVEL ‘DOUBLE OPEN-END SPANNER’ TYPE DIMER DERIVED FROM 4-AMINOANTIPYRINE. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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13
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Morris G, Keogh AP, Farid U, Stumpf A. Development of an impurity and hydrate form controlling continuous crystallization to telescope a two-step batch recrystallization in the GDC-4379 drug substance process. Chem Eng Res Des 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2022.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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14
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Zhang J, Zhang W, Wang L. In Situ Observation of Dicalcium Phosphate Monohydrate Formation and Phase Transformation. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:4881-4888. [PMID: 35749263 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c01627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Calcium orthophosphates (CaPs), as important minerals in biomineralization and biomedicine, have attracted wide attention. Dicalcium phosphate monohydrate (DCPM, CaHPO4·H2O), the recently discovered crystalline CaP phase, has a higher metastability than dihydrate (DCPD, CaHPO4·2H2O) and anhydrate (DCPA, CaHPO4), which may lead to many potential applications in functional biomaterial development. However, the preparation of large-sized DCPM and the underlying mechanisms of its formation and phase evolution remain unclear. Herein, for the first time, we propose a method to prepare micrometer-sized DCPM under an acidic water-methanol mixture and using in situ time-resolved atomic force microscopy further explore its crystallization via dissolution of an acidic amorphous calcium phosphate. In support of the potential role of DCPM as the biomaterial, we demonstrate that DCPM can quickly evolve into more stable octacalcium phosphate in a near-physiological solution. This work provides a mechanistic understanding of the formation and phase transformation of DCPM, which may serve as a basis for subsequent synthesis and application of DCPM as functional biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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15
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Sanii R, Patyk-Kaźmierczak E, Hua C, Darwish S, Pham T, Forrest KA, Space B, Zaworotko MJ. Toward an Understanding of the Propensity for Crystalline Hydrate Formation by Molecular Compounds. Part 2. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2021; 21:4927-4939. [PMID: 34483749 PMCID: PMC8414477 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.1c00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The propensity of molecular organic compounds to form stoichiometric or nonstoichiometric crystalline hydrates remains a challenging aspect of crystal engineering and is of practical relevance to fields such as pharmaceutical science. In this work, we address the propensity for hydrate formation of a library of eight compounds comprised of 5- and 6-membered N-heterocyclic aromatics classified into three subgroups: linear dipyridyls, substituted Schiff bases, and tripodal molecules. Each molecular compound studied possesses strong hydrogen bond acceptors and is devoid of strong hydrogen bond donors. Four methods were used to screen for hydrate propensity using the anhydrate forms of the molecular compounds in our library: water slurry under ambient conditions, exposure to humidity, aqueous solvent drop grinding (SDG), and dynamic water vapor sorption (DVS). In addition, crystallization from mixed solvents was studied. Water slurry, aqueous SDG, and exposure to humidity were found to be the most effective methods for hydrate screening. Our study also involved a structural analysis using the Cambridge Structural Database, electrostatic potential (ESP) maps, full interaction maps (FIMs), and crystal packing motifs. The hydrate propensity of each compound studied was compared to a compound of the same type known to form a hydrate through a previous study of ours. Out of the eight newly studied compounds (herein numbered 4-11), three Schiff bases were observed to form hydrates. Three crystal structures (two hydrates and one anhydrate) were determined. Compound 6 crystallized as an isolated site hydrate in the monoclinic space group P21/a, while 7 and 10 crystallized in the monoclinic space group P21/c as a channel tetrahydrate and an anhydrate, respectively. Whereas we did not find any direct correlation between the number of H-bond acceptors and either hydrate propensity or the stoichiometry of the resulting hydrates, analysis of FIMs suggested that hydrates tend to form when the corresponding anhydrate structure does not facilitate intermolecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Sanii
- Department
of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Co. Limerick Y94T9PX, Ireland
| | - Ewa Patyk-Kaźmierczak
- Department
of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Co. Limerick Y94T9PX, Ireland
- Department
of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwerystetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Carol Hua
- School
of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Shaza Darwish
- Department
of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Co. Limerick Y94T9PX, Ireland
| | - Tony Pham
- Department
of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Katherine A. Forrest
- Department
of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Brian Space
- Department
of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Michael J. Zaworotko
- Department
of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Co. Limerick Y94T9PX, Ireland
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16
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Abouselo A, Rance GA, Tres F, Taylor LS, Kwokal A, Renou L, Scurr DJ, Burley JC, Aylott JW. Effect of Excipients on Salt Disproportionation during Dissolution: A Novel Application of In Situ Raman Imaging. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:3247-3259. [PMID: 34399050 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have employed a bespoke setup combining confocal Raman microscopy and an ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy flow cell to investigate the effect of excipients on the disproportionation kinetics of Pioglitazone HCl (PioHCl) in tablets during dissolution. Three binary formulations of PioHCl, containing citric acid monohydrate (CA), lactose monohydrate (LM), or magnesium stearate (MgSt), respectively, were used as models to study the influence of excipients' physicochemical properties on the rate of salt disproportionation kinetics and dissolution performance in different aqueous pH environments. It was found that formulation excipients can induce or prevent salt disproportionation by modulating the microenvironmental pH regardless of the pH of the dissolution media. Incorporating CA in PioHCl tablets preserves the salt form and enhances the dissolution performance of the salt in the acidic medium (pH = 1.2). In contrast, LM and MgSt had a detrimental effect on in vitro drug performance by inducing salt disproportionation in the tablet during dissolution in the same acidic medium. Dissolution in the neutral medium (pH = 6.8) showed rapid formation of the free base upon contact with the dissolution medium. The Raman maps of the cross-sectioned tablets revealed the formation of a shell consisting of the free base around the edge of the tablet. This shell decreased the rate of penetration of the dissolution medium into the tablet, which had significant implications on the release of the API into the surrounding solution, as shown by the UV-vis absorption spectroscopy drug release data. Our findings highlight the utility of the Raman/UV-vis flow cell analytical platform as an advanced analytical technique to investigate the effect of excipients and dissolution media on salt disproportionation in real time. This methodology will be used to enhance our understanding of salt stability studies that may pave the way for more stable multicomponent formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Abouselo
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | | | - Francesco Tres
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 4790, United States
| | - Lynne S Taylor
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 4790, United States
| | - Ana Kwokal
- Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Ludovic Renou
- Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - David J Scurr
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Jonathan C Burley
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Jonathan W Aylott
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
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17
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Chen H, Pang Z, Qiao Q, Xia Y, Wei Y, Gao Y, Zhang J, Qian S. Puerarin-Na Chelate Hydrate Simultaneously Improves Dissolution and Mechanical Behavior. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:2507-2520. [PMID: 34142830 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Puerarin monohydrate (PUEM), as the commercial solid form of the natural anti-hypertension drug puerarin (PUE), has low solubility, poor flowability, and mechanical properties. In this study, a novel solid form as PUE-Na chelate hydrate was prepared by a reactive crystallization method. Crystal structure analysis demonstrated that PUE-Na contains PUE-, Na+, and water in a molar ratio of 1:1:7. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21, and Na+ is linked with PUE- and four water molecules through Na+ ← O coordination bonds. Another three crystal water molecules occupy channels along the crystallographic b-axis. Observing along the b-axis, the crystal structure features a distinct tubular helix and a DNA-like twisted helix. The complexation between Na+ and PUE- in aqueous solution was confirmed by the Na+ selective electrode, indicating that PUE-Na chelate hydrate belongs to a type of chelate rather than organic metal salt. Compared with PUEM, PUE-Na exhibited a superior dissolution rate (i.e., ∼38-fold increase in water) owing to its lower solvation free energy and clear-enriched exposed polar groups. Moreover, PUE-Na enhanced the tabletability and flowability of PUEM, attributing to its better elastoplastic deformation and lower-friction crystal habit. The unique PUE-Na chelate hydrate with significantly enhanced pharmaceutical properties is a very promising candidate for future product development of PUE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Zunting Pang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Qiyang Qiao
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Yanming Xia
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Yuanfeng Wei
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Shuai Qian
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
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18
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Pang Z, Wei Y, Chen H, Wang R, Gao X, Zhang J, Gao Y, Qian S. Thermodynamic and kinetic studies on the polymorphic transformations of puerarin hydrates. Int J Pharm 2021; 597:120374. [PMID: 33581272 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Puerarin (PUE), a bioactive flavonoid from the plant Pueraria lobata, exists in two hydrated forms: monohydrate (PUEMH) and dihydrate (PUEDH). The aim of the present work was to explore the thermodynamic and kinetic mechanism of the polymorphic transformation of PUE, including the solvent-mediated polymorphic transformation (SMPT) of PUEMH to PUEDH and the solid-state polymorphic transformations (SSPTs) of PUEMH and PUEDH. PUEMH and PUEDH were identified as isolated and channel hydrate, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔG < 0, ΔH < 0, and ΔS < 0) indicated that the SMPT was a spontaneous, exothermic and entropy-decreased reaction. The facilitating roles of stirring rate and temperature on the SMPT were favored by the primary and secondary nucleation process of PUEDH. In addition, the results of SSPTs suggested that PUEMH and PUEDH would transform to two different anhydrates (PUEAH-I and PUEAH-II) upon heating, respectively. The dehydration rate of PUEMH was slower than that of PUEDH due to the stronger hydrogen bond interactions. The rate-limiting step for the dehydration of PUEMH was the diffusion of water molecules, resulting in the increased dehydration activation during the dehydration process, while the dehydration activation energy of PUEDH showed opposite trend due to the complicated crystallization process of PUEAH-II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunting Pang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Yuanfeng Wei
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Runze Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Xin Gao
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China.
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China.
| | - Shuai Qian
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China.
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19
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Zhang J, Zhang W, Putnis CV, Wang L. Modulation of the calcium oxalate dihydrate to calcium oxalate monohydrate phase transition with citrate and zinc ions. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01336j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Higher concentrations of Ca2+ and Ox2− can form COD which then transforms to COM. Citrate forms a protective layer to inhibit COD transition; whereas Zn2+ substitutes Ca2+ sites to generate a stable COD structure that retards COM formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Christine V. Putnis
- Institut für Mineralogie, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- School of Molecular and Life Science, Curtin University, 6845 Perth, Australia
| | - Lijun Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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20
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Mazzone G, Sicilia E, Szerb EI, La Deda M, Ricciardi L, Furia E, Mendiguchia BS, Scarpelli F, Crispini A, Aiello I. Heteroleptic Cu( ii) saccharin complexes: intriguing coordination modes and properties. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qi00426c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A new Cu(ii) O,S-coordinated saccharinate complex is reported, showing crystallochromism and NIR emission in the solid state, in silico ligand exchange reactions with N/S-donor ligands in the presence of model molecules mimicking biological targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Mazzone
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche
- Università della Calabria
- 87036 Arcavacata di Rende
- Italy
| | - Emilia Sicilia
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche
- Università della Calabria
- 87036 Arcavacata di Rende
- Italy
| | - Elisabeta I. Szerb
- “Coriolan Dragulescu” Institute of Chemistry
- Romanian Academy
- 300223 Timisoara
- Romania
| | - Massimo La Deda
- MAT-InLAB
- LASCAMM CR-INSTM
- Unità INSTM della Calabria
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche
- Università della Calabria
| | - Loredana Ricciardi
- CNR NANOTEC-Istituto di Nanotecnologia U.O.S. Cosenza
- 87036 Arcavacata di Rende
- Italy
| | - Emilia Furia
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche
- Università della Calabria
- 87036 Arcavacata di Rende
- Italy
| | - Barbara Sanz Mendiguchia
- MAT-InLAB
- LASCAMM CR-INSTM
- Unità INSTM della Calabria
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche
- Università della Calabria
| | - Francesca Scarpelli
- MAT-InLAB
- LASCAMM CR-INSTM
- Unità INSTM della Calabria
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche
- Università della Calabria
| | - Alessandra Crispini
- MAT-InLAB
- LASCAMM CR-INSTM
- Unità INSTM della Calabria
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche
- Università della Calabria
| | - Iolinda Aiello
- MAT-InLAB
- LASCAMM CR-INSTM
- Unità INSTM della Calabria
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche
- Università della Calabria
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21
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Jurczak E, Mazurek AH, Szeleszczuk Ł, Pisklak DM, Zielińska-Pisklak M. Pharmaceutical Hydrates Analysis-Overview of Methods and Recent Advances. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12100959. [PMID: 33050621 PMCID: PMC7601571 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12100959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This review discusses a set of instrumental and computational methods that are used to characterize hydrated forms of APIs (active pharmaceutical ingredients). The focus has been put on highlighting advantages as well as on presenting some limitations of the selected analytical approaches. This has been performed in order to facilitate the choice of an appropriate method depending on the type of the structural feature that is to be analyzed, that is, degree of hydration, crystal structure and dynamics, and (de)hydration kinetics. The presented techniques include X-ray diffraction (single crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD)), spectroscopic (solid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (ssNMR), Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy), thermal (differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)), gravimetric (dynamic vapour sorption (DVS)), and computational (molecular mechanics (MM), Quantum Mechanics (QM), molecular dynamics (MD)) methods. Further, the successful applications of the presented methods in the studies of hydrated APIs as well as studies on the excipients' influence on these processes have been described in many examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Jurczak
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Chair and Department of Physical Pharmacy and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (E.J.); (A.H.M.); (D.M.P.)
| | - Anna Helena Mazurek
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Chair and Department of Physical Pharmacy and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (E.J.); (A.H.M.); (D.M.P.)
| | - Łukasz Szeleszczuk
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Chair and Department of Physical Pharmacy and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (E.J.); (A.H.M.); (D.M.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-501-255-121
| | - Dariusz Maciej Pisklak
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Chair and Department of Physical Pharmacy and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (E.J.); (A.H.M.); (D.M.P.)
| | - Monika Zielińska-Pisklak
- Department of Biomaterials Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
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22
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Zanolla D, Hasa D, Arhangelskis M, Schneider-Rauber G, Chierotti MR, Keiser J, Voinovich D, Jones W, Perissutti B. Mechanochemical Formation of Racemic Praziquantel Hemihydrate with Improved Biopharmaceutical Properties. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12030289. [PMID: 32210129 PMCID: PMC7151222 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12030289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Praziquantel (PZQ) is the first-line drug used against schistosomiasis, one of the most common parasitic diseases in the world. A series of crystalline structures including two new polymorphs of the pure drug and a series of cocrystals of PZQ have been discovered and deposited in the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD). This work adds to the list of multicomponent forms of PZQ a relevant example of a racemic hemihydrate (PZQ-HH), obtainable from commercial PZQ (polymorphic Form A) through mechanochemistry. Noteworthy, the formation of the new hemihydrate strongly depends on the initial polymorphic form of PZQ and on the experimental conditions used. The new PZQ-HH has been fully characterized by means of HPLC, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Hot-Stage Microscopy (SEM), Powder X-Ray Diffraction (PXRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), FT-IR, polarimetry, solid-state NMR (SS-NMR), solubility and intrinsic dissolution rate (IDR), and in vitro tests on Schistosoma mansoni adults. The crystal structure was solved from the powder X-ray diffraction pattern and validated by periodic-DFT calculations. The new bioactive hemihydrate was physically stable for three months and showed peculiar biopharmaceutical features including enhanced solubility and a double intrinsic dissolution rate in water in comparison to the commercially available PZQ Form A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Zanolla
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, P.le Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (D.Z.); (D.H.)
| | - Dritan Hasa
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, P.le Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (D.Z.); (D.H.)
| | - Mihails Arhangelskis
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 1 Pasteura Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Gabriela Schneider-Rauber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2-1EW Cambridge, UK; (G.S.-R.); (W.J.)
| | - Michele R. Chierotti
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Centre, University of Torino, V. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy;
| | - Jennifer Keiser
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, P.O. Box, CH-4002 Basel; Switzerland;
- Universität Basel, Petersplatz 1, P.O. Box, CH-4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dario Voinovich
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, P.le Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (D.Z.); (D.H.)
- Correspondence: (D.V.); (B.P.); Tel.: +39-040-558-3106 (D.V. & B.P.)
| | - William Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2-1EW Cambridge, UK; (G.S.-R.); (W.J.)
| | - Beatrice Perissutti
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, P.le Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (D.Z.); (D.H.)
- Correspondence: (D.V.); (B.P.); Tel.: +39-040-558-3106 (D.V. & B.P.)
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23
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Lee T, Yeh KL, You JX, Fan YC, Cheng YS, Pratama DE. Reproducible Crystallization of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate·1/8 Hydrate by Evaporation, Antisolvent Addition, and Cooling. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:1068-1079. [PMID: 31984263 PMCID: PMC6977083 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)·1/8 hydrate (NaC12H25SO4·1/8H2O) crystals were successfully produced by evaporation, antisolvent addition, cooling crystallization, and isothermal aging in a common stirred tank. A clear 33.3 wt % SDS aqueous solution was concentrated by evaporation to a 60 wt % coagel consisting of numerous SDS hydrates and water. The coagel was transformed to a clear solution when two times the volume of acetone relative to the water remaining were added. By this fluid property, a controlled crystallization was made possible in a homogeneous solution. Moreover, acetone with a water-to-acetone volume ratio of 1:15 was then added as an antisolvent to induce crystallization of SDS·1/8 hydrate by cubic addition. Finally, cooling crystallization and isothermal aging were carried out to further increase the yields and gave monodispersed particle size. The stability test showed that the produced SDS·1/8 hydrate could be stored at various relative humidity environments for at least 5 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tu Lee
- E-mail: . Tel: +886-3-4227151 ext. 34204. Fax: +886-3-4252296. ext. 34204
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24
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Mann SK, Pham TN, McQueen LL, Lewandowski JR, Brown SP. Revealing Intermolecular Hydrogen Bonding Structure and Dynamics in a Deep Eutectic Pharmaceutical by Magic-Angle Spinning NMR Spectroscopy. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:622-631. [PMID: 31887061 PMCID: PMC7007282 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b01075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Liquid forms of pharmaceuticals (ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents) offer a number of potential advantages over solid-state drugs; a key question is the role of intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions in enabling membrane transport. Characterization is challenging since high sample viscosities, typical of liquid pharmaceutical formulations, hamper the use of conventional solution NMR at ambient temperature. Here, we report the application of magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy to the deep eutectic pharmaceutical, lidocaine ibuprofen. Using variable temperature MAS NMR, the neat system, at a fixed molar ratio, can be studied over a wide range of temperatures, characterized by changing mobility, using a single experimental setup. Specific intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions are identified by two-dimensional 1H-1H NOESY and ROESY MAS NMR experiments. Hydrogen-bonding dynamics are quantitatively determined by following the chemical exchange process between the labile protons by means of line-width analysis of variable temperature 1H MAS NMR spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Mann
- Department of Physics , University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL , U.K
| | - Tran N Pham
- GSK R&D , Stevenage , Hertfordshire SG1 2NY , U.K
| | - Lisa L McQueen
- GSK R&D , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | | | - Steven P Brown
- Department of Physics , University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL , U.K
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25
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Werner JE, Swift JA. Data mining the Cambridge Structural Database for hydrate–anhydrate pairs with SMILES strings. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce00273a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A search method based on SMILES string matching was developed to identify hydrate–anhydrate structure pairs in the Cambridge Structure Database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen E. Werner
- Georgetown University
- Department of Chemistry
- Washington
- USA
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26
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Dai J, Jia L, Yang W, Zhu D, Xie C, Bao Y, Zhou L, Yin Q. Solid Forms Selection of Spironolactone: Ternary Phase Diagram and Nucleation Process. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b06153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Dai
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lihong Jia
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenchao Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuang Xie
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
- Co-Innovation Center of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Bao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
- Co-Innovation Center of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiuxiang Yin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
- Co-Innovation Center of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
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27
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Ternary phase diagrams and solvate transformation thermodynamics of omeprazole sodium in different solvent mixtures. Chin J Chem Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2018.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Jones CD, Walker M, Xiao Y, Edkins K. Pre-nucleation aggregation based on solvent microheterogeneity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:4865-4868. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc01455a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The microheterogeneous region of aqueous acetonitrile leads to preferred localisation and aggregation of caffeine and theophylline on the interface.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Walker
- Department of Chemistry
- Durham University
- Durham DH1 3LE
- UK
| | - Yitian Xiao
- School of Pharmacy
- Queen's University Belfast
- Belfast BT9 7BL
- UK
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29
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Stevenson EL, Lancaster RW, Buanz ABM, Price LS, Tocher DA, Price SL. The solid state forms of the sex hormone 17-β-estradiol. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ce01874j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The crystal structure of the female sex hormone has been established despite its high affinity for water.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Louise S. Price
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London
- London WC1H 0AJ
- UK
| | - Derek A. Tocher
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London
- London WC1H 0AJ
- UK
| | - Sarah L. Price
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London
- London WC1H 0AJ
- UK
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30
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Hasa D, Pastore M, Arhangelskis M, Gabriele B, Cruz-Cabeza AJ, Rauber GS, Bond AD, Jones W. On the kinetics of solvate formation through mechanochemistry. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ce00871j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that solvates obtained through mechanochemistry are the thermodynamic products, and that the kinetics of solvate formation are related to the easiness of breaking the reactant crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dritan Hasa
- Leicester School of Pharmacy
- De Montfort University
- LE1 9BH Leicester
- UK
| | - Mariana Pastore
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Trieste
- 34127 Trieste
- Italy
| | | | - Benjamin Gabriele
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science
- University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
| | - Aurora J. Cruz-Cabeza
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science
- University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
| | | | - Andrew D. Bond
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cambridge
- CB2 1EW Cambridge
- UK
| | - William Jones
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cambridge
- CB2 1EW Cambridge
- UK
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31
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Wu K, Gore A, Graham R. A New Hydrate of Cyclosporine: Structural and Physicochemical Characterization. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:3070-3079. [PMID: 30114405 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
This work highlights a new orthorhombic hydrate (Form 2) of cyclosporine (CsA), a widely used immunosuppressant. The uniqueness of this new form was established by powder X-ray diffractometry, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The crystal structure of this form was solved (P212121, a = 12.639 Å, b = 19.758 Å, c = 29.568 Å, Z = 4). In addition, the solid-state properties of Form 2 were compared with other known crystalline forms of CsA by thermal analysis, water vapor sorption analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and so on. These studies suggest that Form 2 is a nonstoichiometric hydrate with distinctive hydrogen bonding modes. More importantly, Form 2 is about an order of magnitude less soluble than the commercially available tetragonal form (Form 1). An interconversion map among various CsA solid forms was built by slurry experiments. Form 2 was the most stable form in aqueous systems, whereas the previously known orthorhombic hydrate (Form 3) was the predominant form in nonaqueous vehicles. While Form 2 as a lower solubility form poses greater challenge in bioavailability enhancement, the solid-state properties of this unique hydrate may provide new drug delivery opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wu
- Pharmaceutical Development Department, Allergan Inc., Irvine, California 92612.
| | - Anu Gore
- Pharmaceutical Development Department, Allergan Inc., Irvine, California 92612
| | - Richard Graham
- Pharmaceutical Development Department, Allergan Inc., Irvine, California 92612
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32
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Ouyang L, Zheng T, Shen L. Direct observation of α- to β-glycine transformation during the ionic liquid-mediated crystallization process. CrystEngComm 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ce02247f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The application of in situ powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) to monitor the polymorphic transformation and crystallization of glycine from an ionic liquid–water system is introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangfei Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- P. R. China
| | - Tengfei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- P. R. China
| | - Liang Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- P. R. China
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33
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Nugraha YP, Uekusa H. Suppressed hydration in metoclopramide hydrochloride by salt cocrystallisation. CrystEngComm 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ce00129d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Salt cocrystallisation method successfully suppressed hydration and lowered the dissolution rate of the pharmaceutical salt crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuda Prasetya Nugraha
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8551
- Japan
| | - Hidehiro Uekusa
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8551
- Japan
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34
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Surov AO, Voronin AP, Drozd KV, Churakov AV, Roussel P, Perlovich GL. Diversity of crystal structures and physicochemical properties of ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin salts with fumaric acid. CrystEngComm 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ce02033c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The crystallization of norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin – antibacterial fluoroquinolone compounds – with fumaric acid resulted in the isolation of six distinct solid forms of the drugs with different stoichiometries and hydration levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem O. Surov
- Institution of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry RAS
- Ivanovo
- Russia
| | - Alexander P. Voronin
- Institution of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry RAS
- Ivanovo
- Russia
| | - Ksenia V. Drozd
- Institution of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry RAS
- Ivanovo
- Russia
| | | | - Pascal Roussel
- UCCS UMR 8181 University des Sciences et Technologies de Lille-1
- Lille
- France
| | - German L. Perlovich
- Institution of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry RAS
- Ivanovo
- Russia
- Department of Chemistry
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35
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Braun DE, Raabe K, Schneeberger A, Kahlenberg V, Griesser UJ. New Insights into Solid Form Stability and Hydrate Formation: o-Phenanthroline HCl and Neocuproine HCl. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22122238. [PMID: 29244765 PMCID: PMC6149885 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The moisture- and temperature dependent stabilities and interrelation pathways of the practically relevant solid forms of o-phenanthroline HCl (1) and neocuproine HCl (2) were investigated using thermal analytical techniques (HSM, DSC and TGA) and gravimetric moisture sorption/desorption studies. The experimental stability data were correlated with the structural changes observed upon dehydration and the pairwise interaction and lattice energies calculated. For 1 the monohydrate was identified as the only stable form under conditions of RH typically found during production and storage, but at RH values >80% deliquescence occurs. The second compound, 2, forms an anhydrate and two different hydrates, mono- (2-Hy1) and trihydrate (2-Hy3). The 2-Hy1 structure was solved from SCXRD data and the anhydrate structure derived from a combination of PXRD and CSP. Depending on the environmental conditions (moisture) either 2-Hy1 or 2-Hy3 is the most sable solid form of 2 at RT. The monohydrates 1-Hy1 and 2-Hy1 show a high enthalpic stabilization (≥20 kJ mol−1) relative to the anhydrates. The anhydrates are unstable at ambient conditions and readily transform to the monohydrates even in the presence of traces of moisture. This study demonstrates how the right combination of experiment and theory can unravel the properties and interconversion pathways of solid forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris E Braun
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Katharina Raabe
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Anna Schneeberger
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Volker Kahlenberg
- Institute of Mineralogy and Petrography, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Ulrich J Griesser
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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36
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Damron JT, Kersten KM, Pandey MK, Nishiyama Y, Matzger A, Ramamoorthy A. Role of Anomalous Water Constraints in the Efficacy of Pharmaceuticals Probed by 1H Solid-State NMR. ChemistrySelect 2017; 2:6797-6800. [PMID: 31544131 PMCID: PMC6754108 DOI: 10.1002/slct.201701547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Water plays a complex and central role in determining the structural and reactive properties in numerous chemical systems. In crystalline materials with structural water, the primary focus is often to relate hydrogen bonding motifs to functional properties such as solubility, which is highly relevant in pharmaceutical applications. Nevertheless, understanding the full electrostatic landscape is necessary for a complete structure-function picture. Herein, a combination of tools including 1H magic angle spinning NMR and X-ray crystallography are employed to evaluate the local landscape of water in crystalline hydrates. Two hydrates of an anti-leukemia drug mercaptopurine, which exhibit dramatically different dehydration temperatures (by 90°C) and a three-fold difference in the in vivo bioavailability, are compared. The results identify an electrosteric caging mechanism for a kinetically trapped water in the hemihydrate form, which is responsible for the dramatic differences in properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua T Damron
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA
| | - Kortney M Kersten
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA
| | - Manoj Kumar Pandey
- RIKEN CLST-JEOL, Collaboration Center RIKEN Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nishiyama
- RIKEN CLST-JEOL, Collaboration Center RIKEN Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- JEOL RESONANCE Inc Musashino, Akishima, Tokyo 186-8558, Japan
| | - Adam Matzger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, 2300 Hayward Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA
| | - Ayyalusamy Ramamoorthy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA
- Biophysics Program, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA
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37
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Zhang X, Yin Q, Hou B, Bao Y, Gong J, Rohani S. Influence of Solution Composition and Temperature on the Crystal Form of Sodium Dehydroacetate. Chem Eng Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201600725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhang
- Tianjin University; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; No. 92 Weijin Road 300072 Tianjin China
- The University of Western Ontario; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; Thompson Engineering Building, Room TEB 457 N6A 5B9 ON London Canada
| | - Qiuxiang Yin
- Tianjin University; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; No. 92 Weijin Road 300072 Tianjin China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering; No. 92 Weijin Road 300072 Tianjin China
| | - Baohong Hou
- Tianjin University; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; No. 92 Weijin Road 300072 Tianjin China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering; No. 92 Weijin Road 300072 Tianjin China
| | - Ying Bao
- Tianjin University; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; No. 92 Weijin Road 300072 Tianjin China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering; No. 92 Weijin Road 300072 Tianjin China
| | - Junbo Gong
- Tianjin University; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; No. 92 Weijin Road 300072 Tianjin China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering; No. 92 Weijin Road 300072 Tianjin China
| | - Sohrab Rohani
- The University of Western Ontario; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; Thompson Engineering Building, Room TEB 457 N6A 5B9 ON London Canada
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38
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Long S, Mao T, Chen P, Liu M, Parkin S, Zhang M, Li T, Zhou P, Yu F. Strong Hydrogen Bond Leads to a Fifth Crystalline Form and Polymorphism of Clonixin. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sihui Long
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education; School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy; Wuhan Institute of Technology; 693 Xiongchu Road, Wuhan Hubei 430073 China
| | - Tengfei Mao
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education; School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy; Wuhan Institute of Technology; 693 Xiongchu Road, Wuhan Hubei 430073 China
| | - Peng Chen
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education; School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy; Wuhan Institute of Technology; 693 Xiongchu Road, Wuhan Hubei 430073 China
| | - Meng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education; School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy; Wuhan Institute of Technology; 693 Xiongchu Road, Wuhan Hubei 430073 China
| | - Sean Parkin
- Department of Chemistry; University of Kentucky; Lexington Kentucky 40506 USA
| | - Mingtao Zhang
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy; Purdue University; West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA
| | - Tonglei Li
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy; Purdue University; West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA
| | - Panpan Zhou
- Department of Chemistry; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou Gansu China
| | - Faquan Yu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education; School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy; Wuhan Institute of Technology; 693 Xiongchu Road, Wuhan Hubei 430073 China
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39
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Braun DE, Oberacher H, Arnhard K, Orlova M, Griesser UJ. 4-Aminoquinaldine monohydrate polymorphism: Prediction and impurity aided discovery of a difficult to access stable form. CrystEngComm 2016; 18:4053-4067. [PMID: 28649176 PMCID: PMC5482396 DOI: 10.1039/c5ce01758k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Crystal structure prediction studies indicated the existence of an unknown high density monohydrate structure (Hy1B°) as global energy minimum for 4-aminoquinaldine (4-AQ). We thus performed an interdisciplinary experimental and computational study elucidating the crystal structures, solid form inter-relationships, kinetic and thermodynamic stabilities of the stable anhydrate (AH I°), the kinetic monohydrate (Hy1A ) and this novel monohydrate polymorph (Hy1B°) of 4-AQ. The crystal structure of Hy1B° was determined by combining laboratory powder X-ray diffraction data and ab initio calculations. Dehydration studies with differential scanning calorimetry and solubility measurements confirmed the result of the lattice energy calculations, which identified Hy1B° as the thermodynamically most stable hydrate form. At 25 °C the equilibrium of the 4-AQ hydrate/anhydrate system was observed at an aw (water activity) of 0.14. The finding of Hy1B° was complicated by the fact that the metastable but kinetically stable Hy1A shows a higher nucleation and growth rate. The presence of an impurity in an available 4-AQ sample facilitated the nucleation of Hy1B°, whose crystallisation is favored under hydrothermal conditions. The value of combining experimental with theoretical studies in hydrate screening and characterisation, as well as the reasons for hydrate formation in 4-AQ, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris E. Braun
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Herbert Oberacher
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Muellerstr. 44, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kathrin Arnhard
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Muellerstr. 44, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Maria Orlova
- Institute of Mineralogy and Petrography, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ulrich J. Griesser
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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40
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Cherukuvada S, Kaur R, Guru Row TN. Co-crystallization and small molecule crystal form diversity: from pharmaceutical to materials applications. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ce01835a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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41
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Braun DE, Koztecki LH, McMahon JA, Price SL, Reutzel-Edens SM. Navigating the Waters of Unconventional Crystalline Hydrates. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:3069-88. [PMID: 26075319 PMCID: PMC4525282 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Elucidating the crystal structures,
transformations, and thermodynamics
of the two zwitterionic hydrates (Hy2 and HyA) of 3-(4-dibenzo[b,f][1,4]oxepin-11-yl-piperazin-1-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropanoic
acid (DB7) rationalizes the complex interplay of temperature, water
activity, and pH on the solid form stability and transformation pathways
to three neutral anhydrate polymorphs (Forms I, II°, and III).
HyA contains 1.29 to 1.95 molecules of water per DB7 zwitterion (DB7z). Removal of the essential water stabilizing HyA causes it
to collapse to an amorphous phase, frequently concomitantly nucleating
the stable anhydrate Forms I and II°. Hy2 is a stoichiometric
dihydrate and the only known precursor to Form III, a high energy
disordered anhydrate, with the level of disorder depending on the
drying conditions. X-ray crystallography, solid state NMR, and H/D
exchange experiments on highly crystalline phase pure samples obtained
by exquisite control over crystallization, filtration, and drying
conditions, along with computational modeling, provided a molecular
level understanding of this system. The slow rates of many transformations
and sensitivity of equilibria to exact conditions, arising from its
varying static and dynamic disorder and water mobility in different
phases, meant that characterizing DB7 hydration in terms of simplified
hydrate classifications was inappropriate for developing this pharmaceutical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris E Braun
- †Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lien H Koztecki
- §Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | | | - Sarah L Price
- ‡Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
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42
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Lin SY. Molecular perspectives on solid-state phase transformation and chemical reactivity of drugs: metoclopramide as an example. Drug Discov Today 2014; 20:209-22. [PMID: 25450770 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Here, I provide an overview of the solid-state characteristics, phase transformations and chemical reactions of metoclopramide hydrochloride monohydrate (MCP HCl H2O). Three unique techniques, including thermoanalytical methods, one-step simultaneous differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy, and hot-stage microscopic (HSM) imaging, have been applied to study the solid-state phase transitions of MCP HCl H2O in continuous dehydration, amorphization and recrystallization processes. I also review the effects of grinding or heating on ion-exchange reactions, milling, compression or colyophilization on Maillard reactions, and γ-ray irradiation or electron beams on radiolysis in the solid state. I also report the exposure of MCP HCl H2O in solution to light, irradiation, oxidants or π-acceptors. This review will serve as a useful keynote for the evolving realm of solid-state chemistry research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Yang Lin
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Technology, Yuanpei University, Hsin Chu, Taiwan, ROC.
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43
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Sundaramurthi P, Suryanarayanan R. Azithromycin Hydrates—Implications of Processing‐Induced Phase Transformations. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:3095-106. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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44
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Elder DP, Patterson JE, Holm R. The solid-state continuum: a perspective on the interrelationships between different solid-state forms in drug substance and drug product. J Pharm Pharmacol 2014; 67:757-72. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
The objective of the review is to provide an overview of the nomenclature used in the solid-state continuum and relate these to the development of drug substances and drug products.
Key findings
The importance of a rational approach to solid-state form selection, including integrated decision making (ensuring equal weight is given to the needs of the drug substance and the drug product), is vital for the effective development of a drug candidate. For example, how do secondary processing considerations influence the selection of drug substance solid-state form and resulting formulation, and how can drug substance solid-state form be used to optimise secondary processing? Further, the potential use of ‘crystal’ engineering to optimise stability, purity and optical resolutions, and the linked regulatory requirements, will be discussed.
Summary
The nomenclature used in the solid-state continuum, which contains a large number of different crystalline and non-crystalline forms, for example, amorphous systems, was reviewed. Further, the significant role of the drug substance within the solid oral dose form from a physicochemical perspective was covered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James E Patterson
- Global Manufacturing and Supply, GlaxoSmithKline, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - René Holm
- H. Lundbeck A/S, Biologics and Pharmaceutical Science, Valby, Denmark
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Kiang YH, Cheung E, Stephens PW, Nagapudi K. Structural studies of a non-stoichiometric channel hydrate using high resolution X-ray powder diffraction, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, and moisture sorption methods. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:2809-2818. [PMID: 24470123 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Structural investigations of a nonstoichiometric hydrate, AMG 222 tosylate, a DPP-IV inhibitor in clinical development for type II diabetes, were performed using a multitechnique approach. The moisture sorption isotherm is in good agreement with a simple Langmuir model, suggesting that the hydrate water is located in well-defined crystallographic sites, which become vacant during dehydration. Crystal structures of AMG 222 tosylate at ambient and dry conditions were determined from high-resolution X-ray diffraction using the direct space method. On the basis of these crystal structures, hydrated water is located in channels formed by the drug framework. Upon dehydration, an isostructural dehydrate is formed with the channels remaining void and accessible to water for rehydration. Kitaigorodskii packing coefficients of the solid between relative humidity of 0% and 90% indicate that the equilibrium form of AMG 222 tosylate is the fully hydrated monohydrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-H Kiang
- Small Molecule Process and Product Development, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320.
| | - Eugene Cheung
- Small Molecule Process and Product Development, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320
| | - Peter W Stephens
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800
| | - Karthik Nagapudi
- Small Molecule Process and Product Development, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320
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Liu C, Dang L, Bai W, Wei H. Facile Method for the Prediction of Anhydrate/Hydrate Transformation Point. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie403063j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chongjun Liu
- School
of Chemical Engineering
and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Leping Dang
- School
of Chemical Engineering
and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenshuai Bai
- School
of Chemical Engineering
and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongyuan Wei
- School
of Chemical Engineering
and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
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Wang X, Wu S, Dong W, Gong J. In Situ Monitoring of the Solvent-Mediated Transformation of Cefadroxil DMF Solvate into Monohydrate. Org Process Res Dev 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/op400165c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Wang
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Songgu Wu
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weibing Dong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Modern Drug Delivery and High
Efficiency, Tianjin University, Tianjin 30072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junbo Gong
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
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48
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Brittain HG. Polymorphism and Solvatomorphism 2010. J Pharm Sci 2012; 101:464-84. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.22788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Revised: 09/18/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Perrie Y, Rades T. Themed issue: improve dissolution, solubility and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. J Pharm Pharmacol 2011; 62:1517-8. [PMID: 21039536 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2010.01199.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Di Profio G, Grosso V, Caridi A, Caliandro R, Guagliardi A, Chita G, Curcio E, Drioli E. Direct production of carbamazepine–saccharin cocrystals from water/ethanol solvent mixtures by membrane-based crystallization technology. CrystEngComm 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ce05410d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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