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Liu H, Chen Z, Liu M, Li E, Shen J, Wang J, Liu W, Jin X. The Terminalia chebula Retz extract treats hyperuricemic nephropathy by inhibiting TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB axis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 322:117678. [PMID: 38159820 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hyperuricemic nephropathy (HN) is a renal injury caused by hyperuricemia and is the main cause of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease. ShiWeiHeZiSan, which is composed mainly of components of Terminalia chebula Retz. And is recorded in the Four Medical Tantras, is a typical traditional Tibetan medicinal formula for renal diseases. Although T. chebula has been reported to improve renal dysfunction and reduce renal cell apoptosis, the specific mechanism of the nephroprotective effects of T. chebula on HN is still unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was conducted to evaluate the effects and specific mechanism of T. chebula extract on HN through network pharmacology and in vivo and in vitro experiments. MATERIALS AND METHODS Potassium oxalate (1.5 g/kg) and adenine (50 mg/kg) were combined for oral administration to establish the HN rat model, and the effects of T. chebula extract on rats in the HN model were evaluated by renal function indices and histopathological examinations. UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap/MS analysis was also conducted to investigate the chemical components of T. chebula extract, and the potential therapeutic targets of T. chebula in HN were predicted by network pharmacology analysis. Moreover, the activation of potential pathways and the expression of related mRNAs and proteins were further observed in HN model rats and uric acid-treated HK-2 cells. RESULTS T. chebula treatment significantly decreased the serum uric acid (SUA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (SCr) levels in HN rats and ameliorated renal pathological injury and fibrosis. A total of 25 chemical components in T. chebula extract were identified by UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap/MS analysis, and network pharmacology analysis indicated that the NF-κB pathway was the potential pathway associated with the therapeutic effects of T. chebula extract on HN. RT‒PCR analysis, immunofluorescence staining and ELISA demonstrated that the mRNA and protein levels of TLR4 and MyD88 were significantly decreased in the renal tissue of HN rats after treatment with T. chebula extract at different concentrations, while the phosphorylation of P65 and the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly inhibited. The results of in vitro experiments showed that T. chebula extract significantly decreased the protein levels of TLR4, MyD88, p-IκBα and p-P65 in uric acid-treated HK-2 cells and inhibited the nuclear translocation of p65 in these cells. In addition, the expression of inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) and fibrotic genes (α-SMA and fibronectin) was significantly downregulated by T. chebula extract treatment, while E-cadherin expression was significantly upregulated. CONCLUSION T. chebula extract exerts nephroprotective effects on HN, such as anti-inflammatory effects and fibrosis improvement, by regulating the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB axis, which supports the general use of T. chebula in the management of HN and other chronic kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Guangdong 510006, PR China; School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Zhiyu Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Guangdong 510006, PR China; School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Meng Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Guangdong 510006, PR China; School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Ertong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Guangdong 510006, PR China; School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Juan Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Guangdong 510006, PR China; School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Jie Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Guangdong 510006, PR China; School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Guangdong 510006, PR China; School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Guangdong 510006, PR China.
| | - Xiaobao Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Guangdong 510006, PR China; School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Guangdong 510006, PR China.
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Nazir S, Ahmad I, Mobashar A, Sharif A, Shabbir A, Chaudhary WA. Mechanistic evaluation of antiarthritic and anti-inflammatory effect of campesterol ester derivatives in complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritic rats. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1346054. [PMID: 38322703 PMCID: PMC10844886 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1346054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Current therapies for RA have limitations and side effects, leading to a growing need for safer treatment options. Natural compounds from plants are gaining attention for their therapeutic benefits and fewer side effects. One such compound is the campesterol derivative, a steroid derivative occurring in plants. Studies have shown that this derivative has anti-inflammatory properties and can impact the expression of pro-inflammatory factors. The primary objective of this study was to explore and assess the potential therapeutic effects of Campesterol Ester Derivatives (CED) utilizing a rat model of arthritis induced by Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA). Method: The rats were divided into specific experimental groups and treated with either CED or piroxicam (as a positive control) for a duration of 28 days. We determined the effects of CED on various parameters including paw edema, thermal hyperalgesia, and mechanical allodynia at different time points. Furthermore, serum levels of inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress markers and histological analyses were performed. Additionally, mRNA expression levels of inflammatory markers, both pro-inflammatory (such as TNF-α, NF-κB, IL-6, COX-1, COX-2, and IL-4) and anti-inflammatory were analyzed. Results: In the arthritic rat model, CED exhibited significant anti-inflammatory effects and resulted in a notable reduction in paw edema levels compared to the control group. Histopathological examination of the treated rats' paws confirmed a decrease in inflammation and tissue damage, including reduced pannus formation and bone erosion. Importantly, there were no observable signs of damage to the liver and kidneys following CED treatment, indicating its safety profile and potential for organ protection. At the molecular level, CED treatment downregulated mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory markers, indicating its ability to suppress inflammation. Conversely, certain anti-inflammatory markers were upregulated following CED treatment, suggesting a positive influence on the immune response. The positive effects of CED were not limited to joint inflammation; it also showed systemic benefits by positively influencing hematological and biochemical parameters. Conclusion: CED demonstrated promising therapeutic potential as an anti-inflammatory intervention for arthritis in the experimental rat model. Its ability to reduce inflammation, protect tissues, and improve organ function indicates its multifaceted benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarwat Nazir
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ishtiaq Ahmad
- Department of Global Health Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aisha Mobashar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ali Sharif
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Jail road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Arham Shabbir
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Jail road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Waqas Ashraf Chaudhary
- Department of Pain Management, School of Biological Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, England
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Rana N, Gupta P, Singh H, Nagarajan K. Role of Bioactive Compounds, Novel Drug Delivery Systems, and Polyherbal Formulations in the Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2024; 27:353-385. [PMID: 37711009 DOI: 10.2174/1386207326666230914103714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder that generally causes joint synovial inflammation as well as gradual cartilage and degenerative changes, resulting in progressive immobility. Cartilage destruction induces synovial inflammation, including synovial cell hyperplasia, increased synovial fluid, and synovial pane development. This phenomenon causes articular cartilage damage and joint alkalosis. Traditional medicinal system exerts their effect through several cellular mechanisms, including inhibition of inflammatory mediators, oxidative stress suppression, cartilage degradation inhibition, increasing antioxidants and decreasing rheumatic biomarkers. The medicinal plants have yielded a variety of active constituents from various chemical categories, including alkaloids, triterpenoids, steroids, glycosides, volatile oils, flavonoids, lignans, coumarins, terpenes, sesquiterpene lactones, anthocyanins, and anthraquinones. This review sheds light on the utilization of medicinal plants in the treatment of RA. It explains various phytoconstituents present in medicinal plants and their mechanism of action against RA. It also briefs about the uses of polyherbal formulations (PHF), which are currently in the market and the toxicity associated with the use of medicinal plants and PHF, along with the limitations and research gaps in the field of PHF. This review paper is an attempt to understand various mechanistic approaches employed by several medicinal plants, their possible drug delivery systems and synergistic effects for curing RA with minimum side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Rana
- KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Delhi-NCR, Ghaziabad, 201206, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Piyush Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, NCR Campus, Delhi-NCR Campus, Delhi-Meerut Road, Modinagar, 201204, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Hridayanand Singh
- Dr. K. N. Modi Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Modinagar, 201204, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kandasamy Nagarajan
- KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Delhi-NCR, Ghaziabad, 201206, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Sultan MT, Anwar MJ, Imran M, Khalil I, Saeed F, Neelum S, Alsagaby SA, Al Abdulmonem W, Abdelgawad MA, Hussain M, El-Ghorab AH, Umar M, Al Jbawi E. Phytochemical profile and pro-healthy properties of Terminalia chebula: A comprehensive review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2023.2166951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Narowal-Pakistan, Narowal, Pakistan
| | - Ijaz Khalil
- Institute of Food and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Farhan Saeed
- Department of Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahzadi Neelum
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Suliman A. Alsagaby
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, AL-Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Al Abdulmonem
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Abdelgawad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muzzamal Hussain
- Department of Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed H. El-Ghorab
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maryam Umar
- Department of Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Fermented Chinese Herbal Medicine Promoted Growth Performance, Intestinal Health, and Regulated Bacterial Microbiota of Weaned Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13030476. [PMID: 36766365 PMCID: PMC9913397 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effects of fermented Chinese herbal medicine on growth performance, diarrhea rate, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal health of weaned piglets, and to provide the theoretical basis for applying fermented Chinese herbal medicines to weaned piglet production, a total of 162 weaned and castrated piglets at 25 days of age (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire, half male and half female) with an initial body weight of 7.77 ± 0.03 kg were randomly divided into the following three groups according to the principle of similar body weight: basal diet (CON) group, basal diet + 3 kg/t fermented Chinese herbal medicine (LFHM) group, and basal diet + 5 g/kg fermented Chinese herbal medicine (HFHM) group. Each group underwent six replicates and there were nine piglets in each replicate. The experiment lasted 24 days, i.e., 3 days for preliminary feeding, and 21 days for the experiment. From Day 1 of the experiment, the piglets were observed and recorded for diarrhea each day. As compared with the CON group, the results indicated: Following the addition of fermented Chinese herbal medicine, the piglets in the LFHM and HFHM groups increased final weight (FW); average daily feed intake (ADFI); average daily gain (ADG) (p < 0.01); apparent digestibility of crude protein (CP) (p < 0.05); as well as chymotrypsin, α-amylase, and lipase activities (p < 0.01). In addition, α-amylase activity in the LFHM group was higher than that in the HFHM group (p < 0.05); chymotrypsin activity in the LFHM group was lower than that in the HFHM group (p < 0.05); as compared with the CON group, the LFHM and the HFHM increased villus height (VH) and crypt depth (CD) in piglet jejunum; isovaleric acid concentration with the HFHM was higher than those with the CON and the LFHM (p < 0.05), but butyrate concentration with the HFFM was lower than those with the CON and the LFHM (p < 0.05). The high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing of intestinal microbiota results showed that the LFHM and the HFHM affected the microbial α diversity index in weaned piglet colon (p < 0.01). In conclusion, fermented Chinese herbs can improve the growth performance of weaned piglets by promoting the secretion of intestinal digestive enzymes, changing intestinal microbial diversity, regulating the contents of intestinal short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), promoting intestinal health, and improving nutrients digestibility.
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Gupta V, Panigrahi B, De S, Nariya MB. Evaluation of the anti-arthritic activity of Rhuflex-F - A proprietary Ayurvedic herbomineral formulation in albino rats. Ayu 2023; 44:30-37. [PMID: 38505109 PMCID: PMC10946666 DOI: 10.4103/ayu.ayu_327_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Rhuflex-F is a proprietary Ayurvedic herbo-mineral formulation clinically used to combat and relieve stiffness in joints and muscles, reduce edema, restore mobility, and also effective in relieving the symptoms of other autoimmune illnesses that lead to rheumatism. Aims The aim and objective of the research study is to evaluate the efficacy of Rhuflex-F against in vitro protein denaturation and in vivo Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis in albino rats. Materials and methods In vitro inhibition of protein denaturation activity was carried out using bovine serum albumin. For in vivo activity, arthritis was induced by complete Freund's adjuvant in albino rats. Rhuflex-F (135-270 mg/kg, po) was administered for 30th days in arthritic rats, and effects were assessed on primary and secondary paw edema, on pain response, hematological, serum biochemical parameters (serum transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, urea, uric acid, and orosomucoid), and serum anti-oxidant parameters and adrenal ascorbic acid. Results Aqueous extract of Rhuflex-F showed in vitro protein denaturation inhibitory activity in a dose-dependent manner. Rhuflex-F showed nonsignificant decrease in primary and secondary paw edema with reduced pain response, some reversal effects on hematological parameters such as white blood cell and red blood cell related parameters and serum orosomucoid and adrenal ascorbic acid in comparison to Fruend's adjuvant control group. Further, Rhuflex-F reversed Freund's adjuvant-induced adverse effects on oxidant status in the serum of albino rats. Conclusion Result of the present study suggested that Rhuflex-F formulation has anti-inflammatory activity, may be due to the inhibition of protein denaturation in vitro and in vivo anti-arthritic activity against complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis in albino rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerendra Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Teaching and Research in Ayurveda, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Balaji Panigrahi
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Teaching and Research in Ayurveda, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Subrata De
- Zoetic Ayurvedics Pvt., Ltd., Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Mukeshkumar B. Nariya
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Teaching and Research in Ayurveda, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India
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Liu F, Zhan S, Zhang P, Jia C, Zhu Q, Dai Q, Yu M, Cheng L, Xiong L, Sun F, Xia P, Zhang X, Hu J. Simultaneous quantitative analysis and in vitro anti-arthritic effects of five polyphenols from Terminalia chebula. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1138947. [PMID: 36969583 PMCID: PMC10030958 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1138947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The fruit of Terminalia chebula has been widely used for a thousand years for treating diarrhea, ulcers, and arthritic diseases in Asian countries. However, the active components of this Traditional Chinese medicine and their mechanisms remain unclear, necessitating further investigation. Objectives: To perform simultaneous quantitative analysis of five polyphenols in T. chebula and evaluate their anti-arthritic effects including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity in vitro. Materials and methods: Water, 50% water-ethanol, and pure ethanol were used as extract solvents. Quantitative analysis of gallic acid, corilagin, chebulanin, chebulagic acid, and ellagic acid in the three extracts was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Antioxidant activity was assessed by the 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging assay, and anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by detecting interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 expression in IL-1β-stimulated MH7A cells. Results: The 50% water-ethanol solvent was the optimal solvent yielding the highest total polyphenol content, and the concentrations of chebulanin and chebulagic acid were much higher than those of gallic acid, corilagin, and ellagic acid in the extracts. The DPPH radical-scavenging assay showed that gallic acid and ellagic acid were the strongest antioxidative components, while the other three components showed comparable antioxidative activity. As for the anti-inflammatory effect, chebulanin and chebulagic acid significantly inhibited IL-6 and IL-8 expression at all three concentrations; corilagin and ellagic acid significantly inhibited IL-6 and IL-8 expression at high concentration; and gallic acid could not inhibit IL-8 expression and showed weak inhibition of IL-6 expression in IL-1β-stimulated MH7A cells. Principal component analysis indicated that chebulanin and chebulagic acid were the main components responsible for the anti-arthritic effects of T. chebula. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the potential anti-arthritic role of chebulanin and chebulagic acid from T. chebula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Shipeng Zhan
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Pu Zhang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Monitoring of Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, Chongqing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Chongqing, China
| | - Changsheng Jia
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Qingzong Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Qing Dai
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Mingjie Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lirong Xiong
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Fengjun Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Peiyuan Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Peiyuan Xia, ; Xiao Zhang, ; Jing Hu,
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Peiyuan Xia, ; Xiao Zhang, ; Jing Hu,
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Peiyuan Xia, ; Xiao Zhang, ; Jing Hu,
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Terminalia chebula Medicinal Uses: A Review of in vitro and in vivo Studies. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-022-0090-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Semwal P, Painuli S, Jamloki A, Rauf A, Rahman MM, Olatunde A, Hemeg HA, Abu-Izneid T, Naz S, Punia Bangar S, Lorenzo JM, Simal-Gandara J. Himalayan Wild Fruits as a Strong Source of Nutraceuticals, Therapeutics, Food and Nutrition Security. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2121407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prabhakar Semwal
- Department of Life Sciences, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, India
| | - Sakshi Painuli
- Uttarakhand Council for Biotechnology, Premnagar Dehradun, India
| | - Abhishek Jamloki
- High Altitude Plant Physiology Research Centre (HAPPRC), H.N.B. Garhwal University, Srinagar, India
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Khyber, Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Md. Mominur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ahmed Olatunde
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria
| | - Hassan A. Hemeg
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Medinah Al-Monawara, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tareq Abu-Izneid
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Program, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain Campus, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saima Naz
- Department of Biotechnology, Bacha Khan University Charsadda, Khyber, Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Sneh Punia Bangar
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Jose M. Lorenzo
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Ourense, Spain
- Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical Chemistry and Food Science Department, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
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Kim HJ, Song HK, Park SH, Jang S, Park KS, Song KH, Lee SK, Kim T. Terminalia chebula Retz. extract ameliorates the symptoms of atopic dermatitis by regulating anti-inflammatory factors in vivo and suppressing STAT1/3 and NF-ĸB signaling in vitro. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 104:154318. [PMID: 35830757 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Terminalia chebula (TC) is a traditional medicinal plant used for treating various diseases in humans. However, pharmacological mechanisms underlying the effects of TC in atopic treatment remain unelucidated. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE We investigated the therapeutic effects of TC extract in a mouse model of atopic dermatitis (AD) in vivo and the anti-inflammatory mechanism in vitro. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS For the in vivo study, AD was induced by Dermatophagoides farinae extract (Dfe) in NC/Nga mice. After 14 days of oral administration, the effects of TC concentrations of 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg were analyzed by assessing morphological changes visually; measuring serum levels of inflammatory chemokines/cytokines, IgE, histamine, MDC, TARC, RANTES, and TSLP using ELISA kits; and counting infiltrated mast cells. For in vitro analyses, we used IFNγ/TNF-α-stimulated human keratinocyte cell lines to study the mechanism of action. The production of chemokines/cytokines in the IFNγ/TNF-α-stimulated HaCaT cells was measured using ELISA and a bead array kit. The signaling pathways were analyzed by western blotting and the expression of the transcriptional factors using RT-PCR and luciferase assay. RESULTS Administration of TC significantly alleviated AD-like symptoms in vivo and decreased the ear thickness, dermatitis score, keratinization, and mast cell infiltration. It also resulted in decreased serum levels of IgE, histamine, and inflammation-related mediators MDC, TARC, RANTES, and TSLP compared with those in the Dfe treatment group. Moreover, TC downregulated the expression of the inflammatory chemokines RANTES and MDC in IFNγ/TNF-α-stimulated HaCaT cells. TC inhibited phosphorylated STAT1/3 and NK-κB subunits and nuclear translocation of NF-κB. It also suppressed the transcription of IFNγ, IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1 in the IFNγ/TNF-α-stimulated HaCaT cells. TC and its constituents, chebulic acid, gallic acid, corlagin, chebulanin, chbulagic acid, ellagic acid, and chebulinic acid, strongly inhibited the nuclear translocation of NF-κB, STAT1, and STAT3 and decreased the expression of inflammatory cytokines at the mRNA level. CONCLUSIONS Overall, TC extract alleviated AD-like symptoms by regulating anti-inflammatory factors in vivo and suppressing STAT1/3 and NF-κB signaling in vitro. In addition, our results show the in vivo effect of partial improvements in AD, as well as the in vitro effect on inflammatory factors by the constituents of TC. This finding provides that TC extract and its components could be potential therapeutic drugs for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Kim
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, South Korea; College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Kyung Song
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, South Korea
| | - Sun Haeng Park
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, South Korea
| | - Seol Jang
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, South Korea
| | - Ki-Sun Park
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, South Korea
| | - Kwang Hoon Song
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, South Korea
| | - Sang Kook Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea.
| | - Taesoo Kim
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, South Korea.
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A comprehensive review on the diverse pharmacological perspectives of Terminalia chebula Retz. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10220. [PMID: 36051270 PMCID: PMC9424961 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Terminalia chebula Retz, commonly known as 'Haritaki/Myrobalan,' has been utilised as a traditional medicine for a long time. It has been extensively exercised in various indigenous medicine practices like Unani, Tibb, Ayurveda, and Siddha to remedy human ailments such as bleeding, carminative, dysentery, liver tonic, digestive, antidiarrheal, analgesic, anthelmintic, antibacterial and helpful in skin disorders. Studies on the pharmacological effects of T. chebula and its phytoconstituents documented between January, 1996 and December, 2021 were explored using various electronic databases. During the time mentioned above, several laboratory approaches revealed the biological properties of T. chebula, including antioxidative, antiproliferative, anti-microbial, proapoptotic, anti-diabetic, anti-ageing, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antiepileptic. It is also beneficial in glucose and lipid metabolism and prevents atherogenesis and endothelial dysfunction. Different parts of T. chebula such as fruits, seeds, galls, barks extracted with various solvent systems (aqueous, ethanol, methanol, chloroform, ethyl-acetate) revealed major bioactive compounds like chebulic acid, chebulinic acid, and chebulaginic acid, which in turn proved to have valuable pharmacological properties through broad scientific investigations. There is a common link between chebulagic acid and chebulanin with its antioxidant property, antiaging activity, antiinflammatory, antidiabetic activity, and cardioprotective activity. The actions may be through neutralizing the free radicals responsible for producing tissue damage alongside interconnecting many other diseases. The current review summarises the scientifically documented literature on pharmacological potentials and chemical compositions of T. chebula, which is expected to investigate further studies on this subject.
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Evaluation of the Therapeutic Effect of the Traditional Herbal Medicine Atrifil and Oshagh Gum on Testosterone-Induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Wistar Rats. Adv Urol 2022; 2022:5742431. [PMID: 35847835 PMCID: PMC9277211 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5742431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common disease that affects elderly men with various complications. This study evaluates the effects of an Iranian traditional herbal medicine “Atrifil and Oshagh gum” on BPH in male Wistar rats. Atrifil is a combination of three medicinal plants: Emblica officinalis Gaertn, Terminalia chebula Retz, and Terminalia bellerica Retz” extracts, and Oshagh gum is Dorema ammoniacum D. Dono gum. In this study, 30 male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: normal control, disease, finasteride, and extract with 300 and 600 mg/kg groups. The extract is a combination of hydroalcoholic Atrifil extract and Oshagh gum. All groups received intramuscular testosterone enanthate to induce BPH except the normal control group. On the twenty-eighth day, prostate glands were separated. Histopathological changes were observed. Furthermore, the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostate weights were measured. The binding propensities of finasteride, equol, and flavonoids present in this extract such as quercetin, rutin, and kaempferol for 5α-reductase, estrogen receptor alpha and beta, and estrogen-related receptor gamma were assessed using in silico docking approach. Histopathological evaluation, biochemical parameter, and PSA level results indicated significant inhibition of accruing and progression of BPH in groups treated with 600 mg/kg extract (p < 0.01). Furthermore, molecular docking showed that rutin had a high affinity to bind the receptors 5α-reductase, estrogen receptor beta, and estrogen-related receptor gamma even more than finasteride, and on average, quercetin had a higher affinity to all these receptors. In the end, it can be concluded that Atrifil and Oshagh gum is effective in preventing BPH.
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Paul AK, Jahan R, Paul A, Mahboob T, Bondhon TA, Jannat K, Hasan A, Nissapatorn V, Wilairatana P, de Lourdes Pereira M, Wiart C, Rahmatullah M. The Role of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants against Obesity and Arthritis: A Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14050985. [PMID: 35267958 PMCID: PMC8912584 DOI: 10.3390/nu14050985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a significant health concern, as it causes a massive cascade of chronic inflammations and multiple morbidities. Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis are chronic inflammatory conditions and often manifest as comorbidities of obesity. Adipose tissues serve as a reservoir of energy as well as releasing several inflammatory cytokines (including IL-6, IFN-γ, and TNF-α) that stimulate low-grade chronic inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disorders, fatty liver disease, oxidative stress, and chronic kidney diseases. Dietary intake, low physical activity, unhealthy lifestyle, smoking, alcohol consumption, and genetic and environmental factors can influence obesity and arthritis. Current arthritis management using modern medicines produces various adverse reactions. Medicinal plants have been a significant part of traditional medicine, and various plants and phytochemicals have shown effectiveness against arthritis and obesity; however, scientifically, this traditional plant-based treatment option needs validation through proper clinical trials and toxicity tests. In addition, essential oils obtained from aromatic plants are being widely used as for complementary therapy (e.g., aromatherapy, smelling, spicing, and consumption with food) against arthritis and obesity; scientific evidence is necessary to support their effectiveness. This review is an attempt to understand the pathophysiological connections between obesity and arthritis, and describes treatment options derived from medicinal, spice, and aromatic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok K. Paul
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 26, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Lalmatia, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (R.J.); (T.A.B.); (K.J.); (A.H.)
- Correspondence: (A.K.P.); (P.W.); (M.R.)
| | - Rownak Jahan
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Lalmatia, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (R.J.); (T.A.B.); (K.J.); (A.H.)
| | - Anita Paul
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Development Alternative, Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh;
| | - Tooba Mahboob
- School of Allied Health Sciences, World Union for Herbal Drug Discovery (WUHeDD) and Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Products (RECIHP), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; (T.M.); (V.N.)
| | - Tohmina A. Bondhon
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Lalmatia, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (R.J.); (T.A.B.); (K.J.); (A.H.)
| | - Khoshnur Jannat
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Lalmatia, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (R.J.); (T.A.B.); (K.J.); (A.H.)
| | - Anamul Hasan
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Lalmatia, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (R.J.); (T.A.B.); (K.J.); (A.H.)
| | - Veeranoot Nissapatorn
- School of Allied Health Sciences, World Union for Herbal Drug Discovery (WUHeDD) and Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Products (RECIHP), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; (T.M.); (V.N.)
| | - Polrat Wilairatana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Correspondence: (A.K.P.); (P.W.); (M.R.)
| | - Maria de Lourdes Pereira
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials & Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Christophe Wiart
- The Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia;
| | - Mohammed Rahmatullah
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Lalmatia, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (R.J.); (T.A.B.); (K.J.); (A.H.)
- Correspondence: (A.K.P.); (P.W.); (M.R.)
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Jantrapirom S, Hirunsatitpron P, Potikanond S, Nimlamool W, Hanprasertpong N. Pharmacological Benefits of Triphala: A Perspective for Allergic Rhinitis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:628198. [PMID: 33995026 PMCID: PMC8120106 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.628198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is considered a major nasal condition impacting a large number of people around the world, and it is now becoming a global health problem. Because the underlying mechanisms of AR are complex, the development of single-drug treatment might not be enough to treat a wide spectrum of the disease. Although the standard guidelines classify and provide suitable diagnosis and treatment, the vast majority of people with AR are still without any means of controlling it. Moreover, the benefits of AR drugs are sometimes accompanied by undesirable side effects. Thus, it is becoming a significant challenge to find effective therapies with limited undesirable side effects for a majority of patients suffering from uncontrolled AR. Aller-7/NR-A2, a polyherbal formulation, has revealed promising results in patients by reducing nasal symptoms and eosinophil counts without serious adverse effects. Interestingly, three out of seven of the herbals in the Aller-7/NR-A2 formulation are also found in an Ayurvedic polyherbal formulation known as “Triphala,” which is a potential candidate for the treatment of AR. However, there are no current studies that have examined the effects of Triphala on the disease. This review aims to describe the complexity of AR pathophysiology, currently available treatments, and the effects of Triphala on AR in order to help develop it as a promising alternative treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salinee Jantrapirom
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Drosophila Center for Human Diseases and Drug Discovery (DHD), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai, University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pannaphak Hirunsatitpron
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Saranyapin Potikanond
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Wutigri Nimlamool
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nutthiya Hanprasertpong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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OUP accepted manuscript. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 74:718-729. [DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Hariyadi DM, Sahu VK. Euphorbia prostata Exerts Potent Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Arthritic Activity in Downregulating the Increased Expression of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.34172/ps.2020.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Euphorbia prostrata constitutes a herbal medication widely used to cure numerous inflammatory diseases occurring either alone or in conjunction with other herbal formulations. The research conducted was devised with the aim of determining the effect of Euphorbia prostrata hydroalcoholic leaf extract on paw swelling, joint destruction, and the formation of inflammation-producing cytokines in animal models of rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: Hydroalcoholic Euphorbia prostrata extract and a reference drug (indomethacin 3mg/kg), were both administered orally on a daily basis at varying doses; low (50 mg/kg), medium (100 mg/kg), and high (200 mg/kg) for a period of 21 days. Other parameters affecting the functional components of bone include joint diameter measurements and histopathological investigations. Immunohistochemical analysis of Interleukin (IL-1, IL-6) and Nuclear Factor(NF-κB)in ankle joint tissue was performed. Results: The research findings indicated that a significant (p<0.05) dose-dependent reduction in inflammation results from the administering of Euphorbia prostrata at varying doses. A 200mg/kg dose of Euphorbia prostrata with a significance of p<0.001 produced a marked reduction in both inflammation and joint dysfunction. It was concluded, therefore, that such a dose attenuates paw oedema and inflammation, while also reversing bone damage through the inhibition of activated pro-inflammatory mediators and, specifically, NF-κB-mediated production of cytokines. Conclusion: The research presented here concludes that Euphorbia prostrata hydroalcoholic extract can be potentially employed in the treatment and management of rheumatoid arthritis since it reduces symptoms of inflammation, inhibits macrophage activity and modulates IL-1, IL-6 and NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewi Melani Hariyadi
- Pharmaceutics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia, 60115
| | - Vikram Kumar Sahu
- Pharmaceutics Department, Maharana Pratap College of Pharmacy, Kanpur, India 209217
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Sabir SM, Abbas SR, Shahida S, Khan MF. In-Vitro antioxidant, anti-lipid peroxidative activities and In-Silico study of Terminalia chebula bioactive compounds. CLINICAL PHYTOSCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-020-00233-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
To evaluate the antioxidant activities and to identify the bioactive compounds in hot water extracts of Terminalia chebula fruit.
Methods
The antioxidant activities were determined by DPPH assay, lipid peroxidation assay, iron chelation and total antioxidant assay. The phenolic composition was determined by HPLC-DAD. Human Rab8b Protein was used for the validation of compounds as anti-inflammation. String analysis for protein synergism was used.
Results
The analysis of Terminalia chebula Retzius (Combretaceae) phenolics showed anti-inflammatory effect. The specific phenolic compositions were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and resulted in the identification of rutin, catechin, caffeic acid, gallicacid, ellagic acid, epicatechin, and quercetin as antioxidant compounds. Human Rab8b protein is selected for protein docking and all compounds except rutin showed good results. ADMET properties were checked by using AdmetSar and all seven compounds showed validation for AMET properties. The synergisms of compounds were analyzed by STRING analysis and our ligands shows strong binding with human Rab8b proteins. The aqueous extract was capable of inhibiting the lipid peroxidation in egg yolk phospholipid homogenate. The extract scavenged the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) (IC50,71.5 ± 2.1 μg/ml). The extract displayed the high metal chelation activities and reducing abilities on the phosphomolybdenum assay.
Conclusions
It is concluded that extracts of T. chebula have good antioxidant and anti-inflammation activities and are rich in phenolics.
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V. E, Krishnan K, Bhattacharyya A, R. S. Advances in Ayurvedic medicinal plants and nanocarriers for arthritis treatment and management: A review. J Herb Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2020.100412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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de Araújo Moreira MDR, Sales-Campos H, Fontanari C, Galvão Meireles AF, Borges Prado MK, Zoccal KF, Sorgi CA, Tefé da Silva C, Groppo M, Faccioli LH. The ethanolic extract of Terminalia argentea Mart. & Zucc. bark reduces the inflammation through the modulation of cytokines and nitric oxide mediated by the downregulation of NF-κB. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 261:113150. [PMID: 32730887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Terminalia argentea Mart. & Zucc. (Combretaceae), popularly known as "capitão do campo", is native from the Brazilian cerrado, which is used in folk medicine to treat inflammatory diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY We aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects, toxicity and mechanisms of action regarding the use of the hydroalcoholic extract of T. argentea bark. MATERIALS AND METHODS Toxicity was determinate in vitro using the macrophage lineage J774.1 without LPS. Cells were treated with 0.5; 2; 8; 32 and 125 μg/mL of the plant extract. Cell viability was assessed by MTT colorimetric assay. The production of nitrite and cytokines was also determined in the supernatants. A NF-κB reporter assay using RAW macrophages was employed to elucidate the impact of the plant extract on the expression of such molecule. In mice, toxicity was assessed by orally given an intermediate to high concentration of the plant extract on a single dose (1000 or 5000 mg/kg) or low and intermediate doses (300 or 1000 mg/kg) twice daily for 14 days. Blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis. The anti-inflammatory activity was assessed using the air-pouch model with or without pre-inoculation with the inflammatory stimuli LPS (0.5 μg/mL), followed by treatment with plant extract at 5, 60 or 300 mg/kg administered in the air pouch (subcutaneous injection). After 4 h, mice were euthanized and the air pouches washed with 2 mL heparinized PBS (10 IU/mL). Then, the local production in the air pouch wash of cytokines, total proteins and leukocytes was assessed. RESULTS No signals of toxicity were observed either in cells or mice. Regardless the concentration used in vitro, the extract exhibited a significant anti-inflammatory activity, as perceived by the reduction of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 and nitrites on cell supernatants. This was concomitant with a downregulation in NF-κB and elevated levels of IL-10. In mice, similar effects were observed, especially when the plant extract was given at 300 mg/kg, inhibiting the release of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 and proteins, as well as increasing the release of IL-10. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our results demonstrated that the hydroalcoholic extract of T. argentea bark has anti-inflammatory activity without inducing toxicity in cells or living animals. This activity seems to be chiefly influenced by a downregulation in NF-κB, inflammatory cytokines and production of nitrite along with augmented concentration of IL-10.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helioswilton Sales-Campos
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
| | - Caroline Fontanari
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Alyne Fávero Galvão Meireles
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Morgana Kelly Borges Prado
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Karina Furlani Zoccal
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Centro Universitário Barão de Mauá, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Artério Sorgi
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Milton Groppo
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Lúcia Helena Faccioli
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Singh S, Singh TG, Mahajan K, Dhiman S. Medicinal plants used against various inflammatory biomarkers for the management of rheumatoid arthritis. J Pharm Pharmacol 2020; 72:1306-1327. [PMID: 32812250 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disease manifested clinically by polyarthralgia associated with joint dysfunction triggering the antibodies targeting against the self-neoepitopes determined by autoimmune responses associated with chronic arthritic attacks. The activation of macrophages and other defence cells in response to self-epitopes as biomarkers in RA provides a better understanding of pathogenesis of disease and has led to the development of novel therapeutic approaches acting as potent inhibitors of these cells. KEY FINDINGS The current review retrieved the various medicinal plants possessing an active phytoconstituents with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which tends to be effective alternative approach over the synthetic drugs concerned with high toxic effects. The current available literature provided an evident data concluding that the active constituents like fatty acids, flavonoids, terpenes and sesquiterpene lactones attenuate the RA symptoms by targeting the inflammatory biomarkers involved in the pathogenesis of RA. SUMMARY Despite the various synthetic treatment approaches targeting immune cells, cytokines improved the quality of life but still the drug management is challenging due to toxic and chronic teratogenic effects with anti-arthritic drugs. The current review has elaborated the selected traditionally used herbal medicinal plants with phytoconstituents possessing anti-inflammatory activity by suppressing the inflammatory biomarkers with lesser side effects and providing the future exploration of natural drug therapy for rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shareen Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | | | - Kriti Mahajan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sonia Dhiman
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
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Kim HL, Lee HJ, Lee DR, Choi BK, Yang SH. Anti-osteoarthritic Effects of an Herbal Composition LI73014F2 on Interleukin-1β-induced Primary Human Articular Chondrocytes. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092033. [PMID: 32349389 PMCID: PMC7249004 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most well-characterized joint diseases and is associated with chondrocyte inflammation, metalloproteinase upregulation and apoptosis. LI73014F2 is a novel composition prepared from aqueous extract of Terminalia chebula fruit, alcohol extract of Curcuma longa rhizome, and Boswellia serrata extract at 2:1:2 ratio. Earlier studies have shown that LI73014F2 inhibits cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) activities, and attenuates clinical symptoms in OA subjects. In the present study, we evaluated the protective anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects, as well as the underlying mechanisms, of LI73014F2 in interleukin (IL)-1β-induced inflammation in human primary chondrocytes. Human chondrocytes were treated with LI73014F2 (0, 12.5, 25 and 50 μg/mL) in IL-1β (10 ng/mL)-containing chondrocyte growth medium for 24 h. Cell viability was assessed using an MTT assay. The pro-inflammatory mediator, inflammatory cytokines, MMPs, apoptosis-related proteins, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways protein expression levels were detected by western blot analysis. The results demonstrated that LI73014F2 normalized the expressions of COX-2, mPGES-1, PGE2, 5-LOX, LTB4, IL-1β, TNFα, IL-6, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, MMP-13, Bax/Bcl-2, cleaved caspase-9 and -3, cleaved PARP, phospho-NF-κB p65 and phospho-p38 MAPK proteins in IL-1β-induced primary human chondrocytes. Moreover, the data suggested that LI73014F2 reduced IL-1β-induced inflammation and apoptosis, at least partially via the inhibition of the NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway. In conclusion, the present findings provide the molecular basis of the anti-OA efficacy of LI73014F2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Lim Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea; (H.L.K.); (H.J.L.)
| | - Hae Jin Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea; (H.L.K.); (H.J.L.)
| | - Dong-Ryung Lee
- Nutrapharm Tech, Jungwon-gu, Seongnam, Gyunggi 13201, Korea; (D.-R.L.); (B.-K.C.)
| | - Bong-Keun Choi
- Nutrapharm Tech, Jungwon-gu, Seongnam, Gyunggi 13201, Korea; (D.-R.L.); (B.-K.C.)
| | - Seung Hwan Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea; (H.L.K.); (H.J.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-61-659-7306
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Nigam M, Mishra AP, Adhikari-Devkota A, Dirar AI, Hassan MM, Adhikari A, Belwal T, Devkota HP. Fruits of Terminalia chebula Retz.: A review on traditional uses, bioactive chemical constituents and pharmacological activities. Phytother Res 2020; 34:2518-2533. [PMID: 32307775 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Fruits of Terminalia chebula Retz. (Combretaceae) are widely used as crude drugs in various traditional medicine systems. The aim of this article is to review the available scientific information regarding the traditional uses, bioactive chemical constituents and the pharmacological activities of T. chebula. Numerous researches conducted on T. chebula have confirmed the presence of wide range of the phytochemicals such as flavonoids, tannins, phenolic acids and other bioactive compounds. T. chebula is also widely studied regarding its pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, cytotoxic, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory activities among others. However, more in vivo and clinical studies for mechanism-based pharmacological evaluation should be conducted in future to provide stronger scientific evidences for their traditional uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Nigam
- Department of Biochemistry, H. N. B. Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal, India
| | - Abhay P Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, H. N. B. Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal, India
| | | | - Amina Ibrahim Dirar
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Md Mahadi Hassan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Achyut Adhikari
- Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuwan University, Kritipur, Nepal
| | - Tarun Belwal
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hari Prasad Devkota
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Program for Leading Graduate Schools, Health Life Science: Interdisciplinary and Glocal Oriented (HIGO) Program, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Smitha AV, Dilipkumar KV. Efficacy of Rituharitaki (seasonal adjuvant of Haritaki) on disorders of Varsha Ritu (monsoon) w.s.r. to quality of life: An open labelled randomized controlled clinical trial. Ayu 2019; 40:223-229. [PMID: 33935439 PMCID: PMC8078607 DOI: 10.4103/ayu.ayu_243_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monsoon epidemics are always a serious concern in the public health sector. Administration of Haritaki with suitable vehicle as per season (Rituharitaki) is a simple, cost-effective preventive measure which can be used for such conditions. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES Study objectives were to assess the effect of Rituharitaki in preventing the diseases in Varsha Ritu (monsoon) and its effect on the WHO quality of life BREF (QOL BREF), total leukocyte count (TLC), differential count (DC) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in healthy volunteers. MATERIALS AND METHODS From 82 participants, based on inclusion criteria, 60 participants were selected and randomly allocated into trial and control group of 30 each using a computer generated random number table. Intervention given was Rituharitaki (Terminalia chebula Retz) in tablet form-3 tablets of 1g each and Saindhava (rock salt) 1g with lukewarm water at 6.30 am on empty stomach to the participants of trial group for 60 days in Varsha Ritu in Kerala and were observed during this period. RESULTS The results were analyzed using Chi-square test and paired t-test. Significant results were obtained in the trial group in reducing the severity and frequency of common cold (p < 0.001), cough (p < 0.05), and fever (p < 0.001). In the WHO QOL BREF domain 1 & 4 showed significant result in the trial group (p < 0.05). Among the haematological parameters - total leukocyte count (TLC), eosinophil count and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were statistically significant reduced (p < 0.05) in the trial group. CONCLUSION Rituharitaki is found to be effective in reducing severity and frequency of diseases in Varsha Ritu and had effect on quality of life of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Smitha
- Associate Professor, Department of Swasthavritha, PNNM Ayurveda Medical College, Cheruthuruthy, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - K V Dilipkumar
- Professor and HOD (Retd), Department of Swasthavritha, VPSV Ayurveda College, Kottakkal, Malappuram, Kerala, India
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Ekambaram SP, Perumal SS, Erusappan T, Srinivasan A. Hydrolysable tannin-rich fraction from Terminalia chebula Retz. fruits ameliorates collagen-induced arthritis in BALB/c mice. Inflammopharmacology 2019; 28:275-287. [PMID: 31428953 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-019-00629-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Terminalia chebula Retz. (Fam: Combretaceae) (TC) is widely used in traditional system for the treatment of fever, asthma, urinary diseases, and rheumatism. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the efficacy of hydrolysable tannin-rich fraction (HTF) isolated from TC fruits in collagen-induced arthritic BALB/c mice. Type II collagen-induced arthritis was attained in BALB/c mice. HTF treatment at three gradual doses (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) was started from 24th day on daily administration up to 4 weeks. Body weight, food intake, and increase in hind paw were monitored at weekly basis. At the end of the study, serum and joint tissues were estimated for proinflammatory cytokines and biochemical parameters and the hind limbs were removed for radiological and histopathological evaluations. Oral administration of HTF could significantly protect CIA in BALB/c mice by reducing paw volume, arthritic score, spleen index, serum and joint cytokine level, and biochemical markers. The anti-inflammatory efficacy of HTF was further demonstrated by morphological observation, histopathological , and radiological evaluations. HTF is a good therapeutic agent for the treatment of joint inflammatory condition, as its action is mediated through cytokine inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanmuga Priya Ekambaram
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University College of Engineering, Bharathidasan Institute of Technology Campus, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 024, India.
| | - Senthamil Selvan Perumal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University College of Engineering, Bharathidasan Institute of Technology Campus, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 024, India
| | - Thamizharasi Erusappan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University College of Engineering, Bharathidasan Institute of Technology Campus, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 024, India
| | - Aswini Srinivasan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University College of Engineering, Bharathidasan Institute of Technology Campus, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 024, India
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Rahimi VB, Askari VR, Shirazinia R, Soheili-Far S, Askari N, Rahmanian-Devin P, Sanei-Far Z, Mousavi SH, Ghodsi R. Protective effects of hydro-ethanolic extract of Terminalia chebula on primary microglia cells and their polarization (M1/M2 balance). Mult Scler Relat Disord 2018; 25:5-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Sadia S, Tariq A, Shaheen S, Malik K, khan F, Ahmad M, Qureshi H, Nayyar BG. Ethnopharmacological profile of anti-arthritic plants of Asia-a systematic review. J Herb Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Karlapudi V, Prasad Mungara AVV, Sengupta K, Davis BA, Raychaudhuri SP. A Placebo-Controlled Double-Blind Study Demonstrates the Clinical Efficacy of a Novel Herbal Formulation for Relieving Joint Discomfort in Human Subjects with Osteoarthritis of Knee. J Med Food 2018; 21:511-520. [PMID: 29708818 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
LI73014F2 is a novel composition prepared from extracts of Terminalia chebula fruit, Curcuma longa rhizome, and Boswellia serrata gum resin with synergistic benefit in 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LOX) inhibition. This herbal composition with strong anti-5-LOX activity exhibited significant pain relief as indicated through improvements in weight-bearing capacity in a monosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis (OA) model of Sprague-Dawley rats. A 90-day randomized, placebo-controlled double-blind study evaluates the clinical efficacy and tolerability of LI73014F2 in the management of symptoms of OA of the knee (Clinical Trial Registration No. CTRI/2014/01/004338). Subjects, (n = 105), were randomized into three groups: placebo (n = 35), 200 mg/day of LI73014F2 (n = 35), and 400 mg/day of LI73014F2 (n = 35). All study participants were evaluated for pain and physical function by using standard tools, that is, Visual Analog Scale, Lequesne's Functional Index, and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) at the baseline (day 0) and on day 14 ± 3, 30 ± 3, 60 ± 3, and at the end of the study (day 90 ± 3). In addition, routine examinations on biochemical parameters in serum, urine, and hematological parameters were conducted on each visit to assess the safety of the study material. At the end of the trial period, LI73014F2 conferred significant pain relief, improved physical function, and quality of life in OA patients. In conclusion, preclinical and clinical data together strongly suggest that the herbal formulation LI73014F2 is a safe and effective intervention for management of joint discomfort, demonstrating efficacy as early as 14 days.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Siba Prasad Raychaudhuri
- 5 Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis , Davis, California, USA
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Saha S, Verma RJ. Antioxidant activity of polyphenolic extract ofTerminalia chebulaRetzius fruits. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtusci.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarmistha Saha
- Department of Zoology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, 380009, India
| | - Ramtej J. Verma
- Department of Zoology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, 380009, India
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Kolla JN, Kulkarni NM, Kura RR, Theepireddy SKR. Terminalia chebula Retz. – an important medicinal plant. HERBA POLONICA 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/hepo-2017-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Ayurveda, whispered to be the ancient practice of healthcare existed and contributes a holistic approach to health, healing and longevity. Terminalia chebula Retz. is a popular plant and widely spread all over southern Asia. T. chebula is a native plant of India and its dried fruit is extensively used in various types of home remedies. Dried fruit of T. chebula contains high quantities phenolic compounds that consist of ellagic acid, gallic acid and chebulic acid. The fruit extract of T. chebula is known to display different biological properties like anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-protozoal, antimicrobial, hepato and renal protective activities, and in the management of metabolic syndrome. The phenolic active compounds might play vital role in the influence of biological activity. Fruit extract of T. chebula is widely employed as an important ingredient in various ayurvedic preparations like ‘Triphala’. This formulation is beneficial as detoxifying agent of the colon, purgative in chronic constipation, aids in digestion and as a body rejuvenator. The fruit has great medicinal significance and conventionally applied for the management of various illness conditions, such as sore throat, high cough, asthma, ulcers, gout, heart burn, vomiting, diarrhea, dysentery, bleeding piles and bladder diseases. It is also utilized as mild laxative, antispasmodic and stomachic. Because of these enormous medicinal properties, T. chebula is commonly termed as ‘King of Medicine’ in Tibet and can be called as a ‘wonder herb’. In the present review, recent advances in medicinal properties of T. chebula are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nagaraj M. Kulkarni
- Hetero Research Foundation Plot No B80 & 81, A.P.I.E. Balanagar, Hyderabad-500018 Telangana , India
| | - Rathanakar Reddy Kura
- Hetero Research Foundation Plot No B80 & 81, A.P.I.E. Balanagar, Hyderabad-500018 Telangana , India
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Kalra P, Karwasra R, Gupta YK, Ray SB, Singh S. Terminalia chebula supplementation attenuates cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats through modulation of apoptotic pathway. Nat Prod Res 2018; 33:1641-1645. [PMID: 29343091 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1425843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we have evaluated the nephroprotective effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Terminalia chebula in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity model. Standardised extract was orally administered to Wistar rats for 10 days at different doses. On day 7, 8 mg/kg of cisplatin was administered intra-peritoneally to rats in all groups. T. chebula, in a dose-dependent manner significantly inhibited the elevation of serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and oxidant stress markers. The immunohistochemical analysis revealed the increased levels of apoptotic markers and cytokines in cisplatin group were significantly lowered by T. chebula extract. The cisplatin-treated rats kidney showed diffused tubular necrosis and infilteration of inflammatory cells which was reversed in the treatment group. Chemical characterisation of extract by HPLC revealed the presence of corilagin, chebulinic, chebulagic, chebulic, gallic and ellagic acid. The findings of this study discovered that T. chebula ameliorated oxidative and histological damage caused by cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerna Kalra
- a Department of Pharmacology , All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) , New Delhi , India
| | - Ritu Karwasra
- a Department of Pharmacology , All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) , New Delhi , India
| | - Yogendra Kumar Gupta
- a Department of Pharmacology , All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) , New Delhi , India
| | - Subrata Basu Ray
- b Department of Anatomy , All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) , New Delhi , India
| | - Surender Singh
- a Department of Pharmacology , All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) , New Delhi , India
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Ekambaram SP, Babu KB, Perumal SS, Rajendran D. Repeated oral dose toxicity study on hydrolysable tannin rich fraction isolated from fruit pericarps of Terminalia chebula Retz in Wistar albino rats. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 92:182-188. [PMID: 29233773 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Terminalia chebula fruits are one of the richest sources of hydrolysable tannins and it is well known medicinal agent in traditional systems of medicine for treatment of various chronic ailments. In the present study, hydrolysable tannin rich fraction (HTF) was isolated from 80% hydroalcoholic extract of Terminalia chebula fruit pericarps and it was studied for acute and repeated dose oral toxicity in Wistar albino rats. HTF did not show any toxic symptoms or mortality at single dose administration of 5000 mg/kg/p.o followed by observation for 14 days. On repeated dose 28 days oral toxicity study, administration of HTF at 1000 mg/kg showed marked reduction in body weight, food intake and water intake when compared with vehicle control. It was also observed that HTF could increase serum urea, glucose and AST level significantly when compared with vehicle control indicating mild disturbances in liver and kidney functions. On histopathological screening, HTF treatment showed a mild granulomatous inflammation in the liver and all other organs remained normal. It was concluded that following 28 days repeated dose oral administration, HTF caused mild disturbances in liver and kidney function which was indicated by reduced body weight, food and water intake, serum parameters and histological observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanmuga Priya Ekambaram
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University College of Engineering, Bharathidasan Institute of Technology Campus, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Keerthi B Babu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University College of Engineering, Bharathidasan Institute of Technology Campus, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Senthamil Selvan Perumal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University College of Engineering, Bharathidasan Institute of Technology Campus, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Durgalakshmi Rajendran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University College of Engineering, Bharathidasan Institute of Technology Campus, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamilnadu, India
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El-Kashak WA, Osman SM, Gaara AH, El-Toumy SA, Mohamed TK, Brouard I. Phenolic metabolites, biological activities, and isolated compounds of Terminalia muelleri extract. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:2277-2284. [PMID: 29179615 PMCID: PMC6130522 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1406531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Terminalia muelleri Benth. (Combretaceae), is rich with phenolics that have antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. No screening studies were published before on T. muelleri. OBJECTIVE The study focused on isolation and identification of secondary metabolites from aqueous methanol leaf extract of T. muelleri and evaluation of its biological activities. MATERIALS AND METHODS The n-butanol extract was chromatographed on polyamide 6, and eluted with H2O/MeOH mixtures of decreasing polarity, then separated by different chromatographic tools that yielded 10 phenolic compounds. The antioxidant activity of the extract was evaluated by investigating its total phenolic and flavonoid content and DPPH scavenging effectiveness. The extract and the two acylated flavones were evaluated for their anticancer activity towards MCF-7 and PC3 cancer cell lines. Molecular docking study of the acylated flavones was performed against topoisomerase enzyme. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Two acylated flavonoids, apigenin-8-C-(2″-O-galloyl) glucoside 1 and luteolin-8-C-(2″-O-galloyl) glucoside 2, were isolated and identified for the second time in nature, with eight tannins (3-10), from the leaves of T. muelleri. The extract and compound 10 showed the most significant antioxidant activity (IC50 = 3.55 and 6.34 μg/mL), respectively. The total extract and compound 2 demonstrated cytotoxic effect against MCF-7 with IC50 = 29.7 and 45.2 μg/mL respectively, while compound 1 showed cytotoxic effect against PC3 (IC50 = 40.8 μg/mL). The docking study of compounds 1 and 2 confirmed unique binding mode in the active site of human DNA topoisomerase enzyme. CONCLUSIONS Terminalia muelleri is a promising medicinal plant as it possesses high antioxidant activity and moderate cytotoxic activity against MCF-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa A. El-Kashak
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samir M. Osman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October-6-University, 6th October City, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H. Gaara
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayed A. El-Toumy
- Chemistry of Tannins Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tahia K. Mohamed
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Iñaki Brouard
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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Lopez HL, Habowski SM, Sandrock JE, Raub B, Kedia A, Bruno EJ, Ziegenfuss TN. Effects of dietary supplementation with a standardized aqueous extract of Terminalia chebula fruit (AyuFlex ®) on joint mobility, comfort, and functional capacity in healthy overweight subjects: a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:475. [PMID: 28969626 PMCID: PMC5625793 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1977-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background Joint and connective tissue integrity, comfort and function are paramount to optimal performance in exercise, recreational and occupational activities. The fruit of Terminalia chebula has been used extensively in various traditional health systems for different ailments, with additional preclinical and clinical data demonstrating antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a standardized aqueous extract of Terminalia chebula fruit (AyuFlex®) dietary supplementation on joint mobility, comfort, and functional capacity in healthy overweight subjects. Methods One-hundred and five (105) overweight, apparently healthy male and female subjects (35–70 years of age) were pre-screened and randomized to one of three groups for 84 days: placebo, AyuFlex1 (250 mg twice daily) or AyuFlex2 (500 mg twice daily) in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design. A two-week placebo lead-in period was used to improve data quality/validity. All subjects had no knee joint discomfort at rest, but experienced knee joint discomfort only with activity/exercise of at least 30 on 100 mm Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Primary outcome measures included symptoms of joint health and function as measured by modified-Knee Injury & Osteoarthritis Outcomes Score (mKOOS) global & modified-Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (mWOMAC) subscales (discomfort, stiffness and function). Secondary outcomes included VAS questionnaires on overall/whole-body joint health, low back health, knee mobility, willingness and ability to exercise, 6-min walk test for distance and range of motion (ROM) of pain-free knee flexion/extension. Tertiary outcome measures included inflammatory (high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α) and extracellular matrix (ECM)/Connective Tissue (COMP) biomarkers, and safety (vital signs and blood markers) & tolerability (Adverse Event (AE)/ side effect profiles). Results Compared to placebo, at day 84 AyuFlex® treatment significantly: 1) improved mKOOS global scores in AyuFlex1 + AyuFlex2 (P = 0.023), and improved total and physical function subscale of mWOMAC relative to baseline, 2) improved VAS scores for Knee Discomfort with activity/exercise in AyuFlex1 + AyuFlex2 (P = 0.001) relative to baseline, 3) improved VAS scores for whole-body joint function in AyuFlex1 + AyuFlex2 (P < 0.029) relative to baseline, 4) improved VAS score for decreased knee joint soreness following leg extension challenge for AyuFlex1 (P = 0.022) and AyuFlex2 (P = 0.043) relative to baseline, 5) improved 6-min walk performance distance covered (P = 0.047) and VAS discomfort (P = 0.026) post-6 min walk in AyuFlex1 + AyuFlex2 relative to baseline, 6) and tended to decrease COMP levels in AyuFlex1 + AyuFLex2 (P = 0.104) relative to baseline. All biomarkers of safety remained within normative limits during the study. Low back health tended to improve in the AyuFlex1 and AyuFlex2 group, but failed to reach significance relative to placebo group. Conclusions AyuFlex® improved mKOOS global scores, knee joint discomfort with activity/exercise, 6-min walk test distance covered and discomfort post-6 min walk test, overall whole-body joint function, knee soreness following leg extension resistance exercise in a healthy, overweight population, without AE. Differences between 250 mg/BID and 500 mg/BID were non-significant for most of the outcome measures, validating the efficacy of the lower dose. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02589249; October 26, 2015.
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Hashempur MH, Khademi F, Rahmanifard M, Zarshenas MM. An Evidence-Based Study on Medicinal Plants for Hemorrhoids in Medieval Persia. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med 2017; 22:969-981. [PMID: 29228790 PMCID: PMC5871264 DOI: 10.1177/2156587216688597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemorrhoids is one of the most common gastrointestinal diseases. There are several therapeutic options associated with some complications. Therefore, researchers look for traditional medicines as a potential resource for introduction of new natural drugs. The current study reports an evidence-based review of herbal remedies for hemorrhoids in traditional Persian medicine. A comprehensive survey about hemorrhoids on the most important manuscripts of traditional Persian medicine was done. Then, scientific data banks were searched for possible related properties of each herb in the conventional medicine. We reported some historical aspects of traditional Persian medicine view on classification, examination, and predisposing factors of hemorrhoids. In addition, we have reported 105 medicinal plants belonging to 51 families. More than half of the reported herbs exhibited anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. Although lack of human studies regarding the mentioned herbs is noted, positive results from experimental findings can be considered for new drug discovery supported by traditional and medieval experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hashem Hashempur
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
- Essence of Parsiyan Wisdom Institute, Traditional Medicine and Medicinal Plant Incubator, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Khademi
- Biochemistry Department, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Rahmanifard
- Biochemistry Department, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad M. Zarshenas
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Phytopharmaceuticals (Traditional Pharmacy), School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Fahmy NM, Al-Sayed E, Abdel-Daim MM, Singab AN. Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Activities of Terminalia Muelleri Benth. (Combretaceae). Drug Dev Res 2017; 78:146-154. [PMID: 28524398 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical Research The anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of a polyphenol-rich fraction (TMEF) obtained from Terminalia muelleri Benth. were measured. The analgesic activity of TMEF was tested using acetic acid-induced writhing and hot plate models in mice. The anti-inflammatory activity was assessed using carrageenan-induced paw edema model by measuring PGE2 , TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 plasma levels as well as the paw thickness. TMEF was tested at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg p.o. and diclofenac sodium was used as a standard (100 mg/kg) in all experiments. The group treated with 400 mg/kg of TMEF showed a greater inhibition in the number of writhes (by 63%) than the standard-treated group (61%). Pretreatment with TMEF increased the analgesic effect in hot plate test in a dose-dependent manner with a maximum effect after 120 min. TMEF pretreatment alos reduced the edema thickness by 48, 53, and 62% at the tested doses, respectively. TMEF administration inhibited the carrageenan-induced elevations in PGE2 (by 34, 43, and 47%), TNF-α (18, 28, and 41%), IL-1β (14, 22, and 29%), and IL-6 (26, 31, and 46%). Four phenolic compounds were isolated from Terminalia muelleri for the first time. Drug Dev Res 78 : 146-154, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouran M Fahmy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Eman Al-Sayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Abdel Nasser Singab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
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Kumar R, Gupta YK, Singh S. Anti-inflammatory and anti-granuloma activity of Berberis aristata DC. in experimental models of inflammation. Indian J Pharmacol 2017; 48:155-61. [PMID: 27114638 PMCID: PMC4825432 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.178831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Berberis aristata (Berberidaceae) is an important medicinal plant used in traditional system of medicine for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory disorders. The aim of the present study is to scientifically validate the traditional use of BA in the treatment of inflammatory disorders. Materials and Methods: Anti-inflammatory and anti-granuloma activity of BA hydroalcoholic extract (BAHE) were evaluated in experimental models, viz., carrageenan-induced paw edema, cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation, and complete Freund's adjuvant-induced stimulation of peritoneal macrophages in rats. Expression of inflammatory mediators, viz., tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-10, TNF-R1, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was carried out in serum and peritoneal macrophages to derive the plausible mechanism of BAHE in activated peritoneal macrophages. Results: Pretreatment with BAHE produced a dose-dependent reduction (P < 0.01) in carrageenan-induced paw edema and cotton pellet-induced granuloma model. BAHE treatment produced significant (P < 0.01) reduction in serum inflammatory cytokine levels as compared to control. Protein expression of pro-inflammatory markers, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-R1, and COX-2, was found to be reduced in stimulated macrophages whereas anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10, was upregulated in peritoneal macrophages. Conclusion: The result of the present study thus demonstrates the anti-inflammatory and anti-granuloma activity of BAHE which may be attributed to its inhibitory activity on macrophage-derived cytokine and mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Yogendra Kumar Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Surender Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Yao W, Yang C, Wen Y, Zhang W, Zhang X, Ma Q, Ji P, Hua Y, Wei Y. Treatment effects and mechanisms of Yujin Powder on rat model of large intestine dampness-heat syndrome. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 202:265-280. [PMID: 28330724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Yujin Powder (YJP), an old prescription, is one of the most classical prescription for treating the large intestine dampness-heat syndrome (LIDHS). However, its potential modern pharmacological mechanisms remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was designed to explore the essence of LIDHS and treatment mechanisms of the YJP on the LIDHS. METHODS The rat model of LIDHS was established by such complex factors as high-sugar and high-fat diet, improper diet, high temperature and humidity environment (HTHE), drinking and intraperitoneal injection of Escherichia coli., which imitated the inducing conditions of LIDHS. Then the clinical symptoms and signs, blood routine, blood biochemistry, whole blood viscosity (WBV), serum inflammatory cytokines levels and the histopathological changes of main organs were detected and observed, respectively. RESULTS The results showed that the clinical symptoms and signs of the model rats were consistent with the diagnostic criteria of LIDHS, moreover, there were obvious systemic inflammatory response and extensive congestion. And after treatment with YJP in different dosages, the clinical symptoms and signs of the rats with LIDHS were improved; the indexes of blood routine and blood biochemistry and inflammatory cytokines levels tended to be normal; the WBV decreased and histopathological changes of major organs were alleviated or returned to normal. There was an obvious dose-effect relationship, and the high dose of YJP (HD-YJP) had the best treatment effects. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that in LIDHS, diarrhea was the major clinical manifestation; the large intestine was the main lesion area; mucosa injury, inflammation and congestion of the large intestine with systemic inflammatory response and congestion were the most typical pathological characteristics. Meanwhile, YJP exhibited the comprehensive effects of anti-diarrhea, anti-inflammation, lowering blood lipid, relieving blood stasis, repairing intestinal mucosa and regulation and protection of multiple organs on LIDHS. These findings provided not only important information for understanding the essence of LIDHS but also the theoretical basis for developing new-drugs for treating dampness-heat type of diarrheal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanling Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China.
| | - Chaoxue Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China.
| | - Yanqiao Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China.
| | - Wangdong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China.
| | - Xiaosong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China.
| | - Qi Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China.
| | - Peng Ji
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China.
| | - Yongli Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China.
| | - Yanming Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China.
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Palit M, Hegde SK, Bhat SS. Effectiveness of Mouthrinse formulated from Aqueous Extract of Terminalia chebula on Salivary Streptococcus mutans Count and pH among 8- to 12-year-old School Children of Karnataka: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017; 9:349-354. [PMID: 28127168 PMCID: PMC5233703 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anticar-iogenic efficacy of hot and cold aqueous extracts of Terminalia chebula against Streptococcus mutans as an oral rinse and also to discover the acceptability of the mouthwash in children. Settings and design Sixty children between 8 and 12 years with high caries risk were selected. Materials and methods 10% concentration of hot and cold aqueous extracts were prepared. Children were randomly divided into extract and control group. Baseline salivary samples were taken, and the samples were re-collected at 10, 60, and 90 minutes interval after rinsing. Microbial and pH analysis were done. An acceptability questionnaire was filled. Statistical analysis Tukey’s multiple comparison test. Results The results show statistically significant difference in S. mutans counts at 10, 60, and 90 minutes interval when compared with negative control. However, when the hot and cold extracts were compared, there was no significant difference. Acceptability questionnaire showed 65 to 75% overall acceptability for both types of extract. Conclusion Results of this study showed that both types of aqueous extract of T. chebula may be used as potential anticariogenic mouthwash with acceptable taste in children. How to cite this article Palit MC, Hegde SK, Bhat SS. Effectiveness of Mouthrinse formulated from Aqueous Extract of Terminalia chebula on Salivary Streptococcus mutans Count and pH among 8- to 12-year-old School Children of Karnataka: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2016;9(4):349-354.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuchanda Palit
- Reader, Department of Pedodontics, Sardar Patel Postgraduate Institute of Dental and Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sundeep K Hegde
- Professor, Department of Pedodontics, Yenepoya Dental College Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sham S Bhat
- Professor and Head, Department of Pedodontics, Yenepoya Dental College Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
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Nair V, Kumar R, Singh S, Gupta Y. Anti-Granuloma Activity ofTerminalia ChebulaRetz. in Wistar Rats. EUR J INFLAMM 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x1201000203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- V. Nair
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - R. Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - S. Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Y.K. Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
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Jokar A, Masoomi F, Sadeghpour O, Nassiri-Toosi M, Hamedi S. Potential therapeutic applications for Terminalia chebula in Iranian traditional medicine. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2016; 36:250-4. [PMID: 27400482 DOI: 10.1016/s0254-6272(16)30035-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Terminalia chebula (family: Combretaceae) is widely used in the traditional medicine of India and Iran to treat diseases that include dementia, constipation, and diabetes. This tree is known in Iranian traditional medicine (ITM) as halileh or halilaj and the fruit is used to develop treatments. It is described in ITM as an astringent that has a "cold" and "dry" temperament. References to the medicinal properties of Terminalia chebula were collected from important ITM sources and from modern medical databases (PubMed, Scirus, ScienceDirect, and Scopus). The medicinal properties described for this tree in ITM were compared with those reported in studies of modern phytotherapy. The results confirm that the tree referred to as halileh in traditional books is the Terminalia chebula used in present-day studies. Treatments that have not been evaluated in modern phytotherapy but have been traditionally treated with Terminalia chebula include fever, and psychological and psychiatric issues. This article confirms the medicinal uses of Terminalia chebula.
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Pokuri VK, Kumar CU, Pingali U. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study to evaluate analgesic activity of Terminalia chebula in healthy human volunteers using a mechanical pain model. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol 2016; 32:329-32. [PMID: 27625480 PMCID: PMC5009838 DOI: 10.4103/0970-9185.173365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS To evaluate analgesic activity and safety of single oral dose (1000 mg) of Terminalia chebula using a mechanical pain model in healthy human volunteers. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twelve healthy volunteers were randomized to receive either single oral dose of 2 capsules of T. chebula 500 mg each or identical placebo capsules in a double-blinded manner. Mechanical pain was assessed using Ugo basile analgesy meter (Randall-Selitto test) before and 3 h after administration of test drug. The parameters evaluated were pain threshold force and time; pain tolerance force and time. A washout period of 1-week was given for crossover between active drug and placebo. RESULTS Terminalia chebula significantly increased the mean percentage change for pain threshold force and time, and pain tolerance force and time compared to placebo (P < 0.001). The mean percentage change for pain threshold force and time (20.8% and 21.0%) was increased more than that of pain tolerance force and time (13.4% and 13.4%). No adverse drug reaction was reported with either of the study medications during the study period. CONCLUSION T. chebula significantly increased pain threshold and pain tolerance compared to placebo. Both the study medications were well tolerated. Further multiple dose studies may be needed to establish the analgesic efficacy of the drug in patients suffering from osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and other painful conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata Kishan Pokuri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, ICMR Advanced Center for Pharmacodynamics, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Punjagutta, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Chiranjeevi Uday Kumar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, ICMR Advanced Center for Pharmacodynamics, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Punjagutta, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Usharani Pingali
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, ICMR Advanced Center for Pharmacodynamics, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Punjagutta, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Abstract
Introduction: Rosa centifolia L. (Rosaceae) have been used for the treatment of joint pain and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the traditional system of medicine. Aim: In this study, the antiarthritic activity of the alcoholic extract from the floral parts of R. centifolia was investigated. Materials and Methods: The anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic activity of R. centifolia alcoholic extract (RCAE: 32, 64, and 128 mg/kg) was evaluated using the carrageenan-induced paw edema and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) induced arthritis model. Serum from arthritic rats was collected for the estimation of pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. Further, the safety of RCAE was evaluated in an acute and sub-acute (28-day) oral toxicity study. Results: RCAE (64 and 128 mg/kg) significantly (P < 0.01) inhibited carrageenan-induced paw edema at 1, 3, and 6 h post carrageenan challenge and demonstrated significant (P < 0.01) antiarthritic activity on days 3, 7, 14, and 21 day following CFA immunization. Further, RCAE (128 mg/kg) treatment also produced a significant (P < 0.01) decrease in circulating pro-inflammatory cytokine levels as compared with control. Further, no toxicologically significant treatment-related effects were observed in the oral sub-acute toxicity study conducted with the extract. Conclusion: The result of study demonstrates the antiarthritic activity of R. centifolia and validates its traditional use for the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vinod Nair
- IPR Division-05, Evalueserve SEZ (Gurgoan) Pvt. Ltd., Gurgoan, Haryana, India
| | - Surender Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Yogendra Kumar Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Kumar R, Nair V, Gupta YK, Singh S, Arunraja S. Berberis aristata Ameliorates Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis by Inhibition of NF-κB and Activating Nuclear Factor-E2-related Factor 2/hem Oxygenase (HO)-1 Signaling Pathway. Immunol Invest 2016; 45:473-89. [DOI: 10.3109/08820139.2016.1172638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Vinod Nair
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
- IPRD-05 (Chemical Safety and Regulatory Affairs), Evalueserve SEZ (Gurgaon) Pvt. Ltd., Gurgaon, India
| | - Yogendra Kumar Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Surender Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - S. Arunraja
- Research Officer, Natural Remedies Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore, India
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Messeha SS, Zarmouh NO, Taka E, Gendy SG, Shokry GR, Kolta MG, Soliman KFA. The Role of Monocarboxylate Transporters and Their Chaperone CD147 in Lactate Efflux Inhibition and the Anticancer Effects of Terminalia chebula in Neuroblastoma Cell Line N2-A. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 12. [PMID: 27158628 PMCID: PMC4857771 DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2016/23992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
AIMS In the presence of oxygen, most of the synthesized pyruvate during glycolysis in the cancer cell of solid tumors is released away from the mitochondria to form lactate (Warburg Effect). To maintain cell homeostasis, lactate is transported across the cell membrane by monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs). The major aim of the current investigation is to identify novel compounds that inhibit lactate efflux that may lead to identifying effective targets for cancer treatment. STUDY DESIGN In this study, 900 ethanol plant extracts were screened for their lactate efflux inhibition using neuroblastoma (N2-A) cell line. Additionally, we investigated the mechanism of inhibition for the most potent plant extract regarding monocarboxylate transporters expression, and consequences effects on viability, growth, and apoptosis. METHODOLOGY The potency of lactate efflux inhibition of ethanol plant extracts was evaluated in N2-A cells by measuring extracellular lactate levels. Caspase 3- activity and acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining were performed to assess the apoptotic effect. The antiproliferative effect was measured using WST assay. Western blotting was performed to quantify protein expression of MCTs and their chaperone CD147 in treated cells lysates. RESULTS Terminalia chebula plant extract was the most potent lactate efflux inhibitor in N2-A cells among the 900 - tested plant extracts. The results obtained show that extract of Terminalia chebula fruits (TCE) significantly (P = 0.05) reduced the expression of the MCT1, MCT3, MCT4 and the chaperone CD147. The plant extract was more potent (IC50 of 3.59 ± 0.26 μg/ml) than the MCT standard inhibitor phloretin (IC50 76.54 ± 3.19 μg/ml). The extract also showed more potency and selective cytotoxicity in cancer cells than DI-TNC1 primary cell line (IC50 7.37 ± 0.28 vs. 17.35 ± 0.19 μg/ml). Moreover, TCE Inhibited N2-A cell growth (IG50 = 5.20 ± 0.30 μg/ml) and induced apoptosis at the 7.5 μg/ml concentration. CONCLUSION Out of the 900 plant extracts screened, Terminalia chebula ethanol extract was found to be the most potent lactate efflux inhibitor with the ability to inhibit chaperone CD147 expression and impact the function of monocarboxylate transporters. Furthermore, TCE was found to have growth inhibition and apoptotic effects. The results obtained indicate that Terminalia chebula constituent(s) may contain promising compounds that can be useful in the management of neuroblastoma cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Messeha
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A & M University, Tallahassee, Florida 32307, USA
| | - N O Zarmouh
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A & M University, Tallahassee, Florida 32307, USA
| | - E Taka
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A & M University, Tallahassee, Florida 32307, USA
| | - S G Gendy
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A & M University, Tallahassee, Florida 32307, USA
| | - G R Shokry
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A & M University, Tallahassee, Florida 32307, USA
| | - M G Kolta
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A & M University, Tallahassee, Florida 32307, USA
| | - K F A Soliman
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A & M University, Tallahassee, Florida 32307, USA
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Patel MG, Pundarikakshudu K. Effect of ethanol extract of an ayurvedic preparation (Pathyadya Churna) on arthritis in rats. Indian J Pharmacol 2016; 48:145-9. [PMID: 27127317 PMCID: PMC4825430 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.178828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the anti-arthritic activity of Pathyadya Churna ethanol extract (PCE) in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Formaldehyde (2% v/v) or complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA 0.l mL) was injected in the left hind paw of male Wistar rats to develop arthritis. These rats were treated with three doses (135, 270, and 540 mg/kg) of PCE and one dose (10 mg/kg) of indomethacin. Anti-arthritic activity of the extract was assessed by noting paw volumes, rheumatoid factor (RF), blood parameters, and histological changes. RESULTS PCE treatment reduced paw swelling in arthritis caused by both formaldehyde and CFA. In CFA-treated rats, a significant decrease (P < 0.001) was seen in hemoglobin (13.92 g/dL to 9.97 g/dL), red blood cell count (7.32 million/mm(3) to 6.58 million/mm(3)), and packed cell volume (44.04% to 30.56%). There were also significant (P < 0.001) elevations in white blood cell count (8220/-11,420/mm(3)), platelets (2.46-4.15 lakhs/mL), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (3.76-8.03/60 min), RF (7.17-26.77 IU/mL), triglycerides (71.69-96.60 mg/dL), total cholesterol (96.85-145.05 mg/dL), low-density lipoprotein (53.11-109.60 mg/dL), and very low-density lipoprotein (14.34-19.32 mg/dL). In CFA-induced arthritic rats, high-density lipoprotein decreased significantly (29.40 mg/dL to 16.13 mg/dL). Marked changes were noted in the histology of ankles. Treatment with PCE significantly reversed all these hematological and histological changes in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS PCE has a significant anti-arthritic activity in rats and is free from toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhavi G Patel
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Parul Institute of Pharmacy, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
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Nasiri E, Hosseinimehr SJ, Azadbakht M, Akbari J, Enayati-Fard R, Azizi S. The effect of Terminalia chebula extract vs. silver sulfadiazine on burn wounds in rats. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 12:127-35. [PMID: 25849801 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2014-0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of ethanol extract of Terminalia chebula in the treatment of hot water-induced burn wounds and to compare the results with silver sulfadiazine (SSD) in rats. METHODS Five groups of ten rats were burned with hot water. Animals were administrated with topical cream at control, normal saline, 5%, 10% T. chebula extracts and standard SSD creams. Several parameters were assessed, including wound area, visual inspection of wound, bacteriology assessment, percentage of wound contraction and histopathological examination. RESULTS The average area of wound on 10th day was 11.2 ± 3.3, 11 ± 3.2, 8.5 ± 2.3, 9.5 ± 4.2 and 5.1 ± 2.2 cm(2) for SSD1%, base cream, normal saline, herbal extract 5% and 10%, respectively. T. chebula 10% cream exhibited lower wound size than SSD1% and control groups at 10th day post burn injury. On day 15, the percentage of wound contraction in T. chebula was 5% and 10% more than 18% and 53% in comparison to SSD1% group, respectively. Histopathological results exhibited well-formed horizontally oriented collagen fibers for appropriate tension. Strength of scar on burned tissue was better in T. chebula 5% and 10% as compared with control and SSD groups. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study showed that T. chebula extract was capable of accelerating wound healing in rats by wound contraction, and had beneficial effects more than SSD 1% cream in the management of burn injury.
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A Review on Potential Mechanisms of Terminalia chebula in Alzheimer's Disease. Adv Pharmacol Sci 2016; 2016:8964849. [PMID: 26941792 PMCID: PMC4749770 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8964849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The current management of Alzheimer's disease (AD) focuses on acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) and NMDA receptor antagonists, although outcomes are not completely favorable. Hence, novel agents found in herbal plants are gaining attention as possible therapeutic alternatives. The Terminalia chebula (Family: Combretaceae) is a medicinal plant with a wide spectrum of medicinal properties and is reported to contain various biochemicals such as hydrolysable tannins, phenolic compounds, and flavonoids, so it may prove to be a good therapeutic alternative. In this research, we reviewed published scientific literature found in various databases: PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, Scirus, and Google Scholar, with the keywords: T. chebula, AD, neuroprotection, medicinal plant, antioxidant, ellagitannin, gallotannin, gallic acid, chebulagic acid, and chebulinic acid. This review shows that T. chebula extracts and its constituents have AChEI and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, all of which are currently relevant to the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Kumar R, Gupta YK, Singh S, Arunraja S. Cissus quadrangularis attenuates the adjuvant induced arthritis by down regulating pro-inflammatory cytokine and inhibiting angiogenesis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 175:346-355. [PMID: 26342521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In traditional medicine, Cissus quadrangularis has been used as a chief ingredient of many formulation for the treatment of inflammatory and bone disorders.. OBJECTIVE The study was carried out to investigate the anti-arthritic activity of C. quadrangularis hydroalcoholic extract (CQHE) and to explore the plausible mechanism of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS Arthritis was induced by sub plantar administration of formaldehyde (2% v/v) and 0.1ml of complete Freund's adjuvant. Joint swelling was measured on days 8, 9 and 10 in formaldehyde-induced arthritis and on 3, 7, 14 and 21 days in adjuvant induced arthritis (AIA) respectively. Serum and ankle joints of AIA rats were used for estimation of serum TNF-α level, oxidative stress markers and synovial expression of proinflammatory cytokines/cytokine receptor (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-R1), angiogenesis marker (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-3& 9). An acute and 28-day oral toxicity was carried out to evaluate the safety of the test drug. RESULTS CQHE produced a dose dependent inhibition of joint swelling in both formaldehyde-induced and adjuvant induced arthritis. CQHE treatment also reduced serum TNF-α level, oxidative stress and synovial expression of inflammatory and angiogenesis marker. In sub acute toxicity study of CQHE, chronic administration of CQHE did not produce any physiological and pathological changes as compared to normal rats. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated the anti-arthritic potential of C. quadrangularis and it validates its traditional use for the treatment of arthritis and other inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Yogendra Kumar Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Surender Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India.
| | - S Arunraja
- Research officer, Natural Remedies Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore 560100, India
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Kumar R, Gupta YK, Singh S, Arunraja S. Picrorhiza kurroa Inhibits Experimental Arthritis Through Inhibition of Pro-inflammatory Cytokines, Angiogenesis and MMPs. Phytother Res 2015; 30:112-9. [PMID: 26556014 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigates the anti-arthritic activity of Picrorhiza kurroa (PK), on formaldehyde and adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) in rat. Administration of Picrorhiza kurroa rhizome extract (PKRE) significantly inhibited joint inflammation in both animal models. In AIA-induced arthritic rat, treatment with PKRE considerably decreased synovial expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 (TNF-R1) and vascular endothelial growth factor as compared with control. The anti-arthritic activity was found to be well substantiated with significant suppression of oxidative and inflammatory markers as there was decreased malonaldehyde, Nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor alpha levels accompanied with increased glutathione and superoxide dismutase, catalase activities. Additionally, PKRE significantly inhibited the expression of degrading enzymes, matrix metalloproteinases-3 and matrix metalloproteinases-9 in AIA-induced arthritic rat. Histopathology of paw tissue displayed decreased inflammatory cell infiltration as compared with control. Taken together, these results demonstrated the anti-arthritic activity of PKRE against experimental arthritis, and the underlying mechanism behind this efficacy might be mediated by inhibition of inflammatory mediators and angiogenesis, improvement of the synovium redox status and decreased expression of matrix metalloproteinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Yogendra Kumar Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Surender Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - S Arunraja
- Research officer, Natural Remedies Pvt. Ltd, Bangalore, 560 100, India
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Kumar R, Nair V, Gupta YK, Singh S. Anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity of aqueous extract of Rosa centifolia
in experimental rat models. Int J Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.12625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; New Delhi India
| | - Vinod Nair
- Department of Pharmacology; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; New Delhi India
| | - Yogendra Kumar Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; New Delhi India
| | - Surender Singh
- Department of Pharmacology; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; New Delhi India
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