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Xisto MIDDS, Rollin-Pinheiro R, Rochetti VP, de Castro-Almeida Y, Borba-Santos LP, dos Santos-Freitas GMP, Cypriano J, Abreu FDÁ, Rozental S, Barreto-Bergter E. Miltefosine: A Repurposing Drug against Mucorales Pathogens. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1166. [PMID: 38132767 PMCID: PMC10744482 DOI: 10.3390/jof9121166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucorales are a group of non-septated filamentous fungi widely distributed in nature, frequently associated with human infections, and are intrinsically resistant to many antifungal drugs. For these reasons, there is an urgent need to improve the clinical management of mucormycosis. Miltefosine, which is a phospholipid analogue of alkylphosphocholine, has been considered a promising repurposing drug to be used to treat fungal infections. In the present study, miltefosine displayed antifungal activity against a variety of Mucorales species, and it was also active against biofilms formed by these fungi. Treatment with miltefosine revealed modifications of cell wall components, neutral lipids, mitochondrial membrane potential, cell morphology, and the induction of oxidative stress. Treated Mucorales cells also presented an increased susceptibility to SDS. Purified ergosterol and glucosylceramide added to the culture medium increased miltefosine MIC, suggesting its interaction with fungal lipids. These data contribute to elucidating the effect of a promising drug repurposed to act against some relevant fungal pathogens that significantly impact public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Ingrid Dutra da Silva Xisto
- Laboratório de Química Biológica de Microrganismos, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (R.R.-P.); (V.P.R.); (Y.d.C.-A.); (G.M.P.d.S.-F.)
| | - Rodrigo Rollin-Pinheiro
- Laboratório de Química Biológica de Microrganismos, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (R.R.-P.); (V.P.R.); (Y.d.C.-A.); (G.M.P.d.S.-F.)
| | - Victor Pereira Rochetti
- Laboratório de Química Biológica de Microrganismos, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (R.R.-P.); (V.P.R.); (Y.d.C.-A.); (G.M.P.d.S.-F.)
| | - Yuri de Castro-Almeida
- Laboratório de Química Biológica de Microrganismos, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (R.R.-P.); (V.P.R.); (Y.d.C.-A.); (G.M.P.d.S.-F.)
| | - Luana Pereira Borba-Santos
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular de Fungos, Programa de Biologia Celular e Parasitologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (L.P.B.-S.); (S.R.)
| | - Giulia Maria Pires dos Santos-Freitas
- Laboratório de Química Biológica de Microrganismos, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (R.R.-P.); (V.P.R.); (Y.d.C.-A.); (G.M.P.d.S.-F.)
| | - Jefferson Cypriano
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Magnetotaxia & Unidade de Microscopia Multiusuário, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (J.C.); (F.d.Á.A.)
| | - Fernanda de Ávila Abreu
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Magnetotaxia & Unidade de Microscopia Multiusuário, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (J.C.); (F.d.Á.A.)
| | - Sonia Rozental
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular de Fungos, Programa de Biologia Celular e Parasitologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (L.P.B.-S.); (S.R.)
| | - Eliana Barreto-Bergter
- Laboratório de Química Biológica de Microrganismos, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (R.R.-P.); (V.P.R.); (Y.d.C.-A.); (G.M.P.d.S.-F.)
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Spadari CDC, Borba-Santos LP, Rozental S, Ishida K. Miltefosine repositioning: A review of potential alternative antifungal therapy. J Mycol Med 2023; 33:101436. [PMID: 37774486 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2023.101436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Fungal infections are a global health problem with high mortality and morbidity rates. Available antifungal agents have high toxicity and pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic limitations. Moreover, the increased incidence of antifungal-resistant isolates and the emergence of intrinsically resistant species raise concerns about seeking alternatives for efficient antifungal therapy. In this context, we review literature data addressing the potential action of miltefosine (MFS), an anti-Leishmania and anticancer agent, as a repositioning drug for antifungal treatment. Here, we highlight the in vitro and in vivo data, MFS possible mechanisms of action, case reports, and nanocarrier-mediated MFS delivery, focusing on fungal infection therapy. Finally, many studies have demonstrated the promising antifungal action of MFS in vitro, but there is little or no data on antifungal activity in vertebrate animal models and clinical trials, so have a need to develop more research for the repositioning of MFS as an antifungal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luana Pereira Borba-Santos
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sonia Rozental
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Kelly Ishida
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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3
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Jampilek J. Novel avenues for identification of new antifungal drugs and current challenges. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2022; 17:949-968. [PMID: 35787715 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2022.2097659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION : Some of otherwise useful fungi are pathogenic to humans, and unfortunately, the number of these pathogens is increasing. In addition to common skin infections, these opportunistic pathogens are able to cause severe, often incurable, systemic mycoses. AREAS COVERED : The number of antifungal drugs is limited, especially drugs that can be used for systemic administration, and resistance to these drugs is very common. This review summarizes various approaches to the discovery and development of new antifungal drugs, provides an overview of the most important molecules in terms of basic (laboratory) research and compounds currently in clinical trials, and focuses on drug repurposing strategy, while providing an overview of drugs of other indications that have been tested in vitro for their antifungal activity for possible expansion of antifungal drugs and/or support of existing antimycotics. EXPERT OPINION : Despite the limitations of the research of new antifungal drugs by pharmaceutical manufacturers, in addition to innovated molecules based on clinically used drugs, several completely new small entities with unique mechanisms of actions have been identified. The identification of new molecular targets that offer alternatives for the development of new unique selective antifungal highly effective agents has been an important outcome of repurposing of non-antifungal drugs to antifungal drug. Also, given the advances in monoclonal antibodies and their application to immunosuppressed patients, it may seem possible to predict a more optimistic future for antifungal therapy than has been the case in recent decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Jampilek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Sporothrix spp. Biofilms Impact in the Zoonotic Transmission Route: Feline Claws Associated Biofilms, Itraconazole Tolerance, and Potential Repurposing for Miltefosine. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11020206. [PMID: 35215149 PMCID: PMC8880041 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11020206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sporotrichosis is the most prevalent subcutaneous mycosis globally, and it is typically caused by direct inoculation of the soil saprophytic fungus Sporothrix spp. into the patients’ skin. However, sporotrichosis has an important zoonotic transmission route between cats and humans in hot-spot endemic areas such as Brazil. Antifungal itraconazole is the first-line treatment; however, it is frequently associated with recurrence after withdrawal, mainly on cats. Biofilms are important resistance structures related to the environmental persistence of most microorganisms. In the present work, we evaluated Sporothrix yeasts’ ability to form biofilms in an ex vivo model of infected claws of cats. Using scanning electron microscopy, we demonstrated the presence of fungal biofilms in the claws of cats diagnosed with sporotrichosis confirmed by isolation of Sporothrix spp. in culture. We present here evidence of antibiofilm activity of miltefosine and suggest its use off-label as an antifungal as a putative alternative to itraconazole against Sporothrix biofilms. Claw contamination could sustain infections through a continuous inoculation cycle between open lesions and cat claws. Our results further support the off-label use of miltefosine as a promising alternative, especially for mycosis refractory to conventional treatment.
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Gopalakrishnan AK, Angamaly SA, Velayudhan MP. An Insight into the Biological Properties of Imidazole‐Based Schiff Bases: A Review. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anjali K. Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Applied Chemistry Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi 22 Kerala India
| | - Shanty A. Angamaly
- Department of Applied Chemistry Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi 22 Kerala India
| | - Mohanan P. Velayudhan
- Department of Applied Chemistry Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi 22 Kerala India
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Shu L, Zeng Z, Dai J, Cheng Y, Lu Y, Chen M, Zeng H. Morphological and metabolic changes in an aged strain of Agaricus bisporus As2796. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:7997-8007. [PMID: 34596723 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11526-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Agaricus bisporus is the most widely cultivated edible mushroom in the world. Strain quality has an important influence on the yield of A. bisporus, with strains that exhibit aging being a common problem during cultivation. However, little is known about the aging mechanisms of A. bisporus strain. In this study, the normal A. bisporus As2796 strain was compared to the aging A. bisporus As2796Y strain (which was previously discovered during cultivation). In the aging As2796Y mycelia, the mycelial growth rate and fruiting body yield were decreased and the chitin level and cell wall thickness were increased. Additionally, intracellular vacuoles increased, there was cytoplasmic shrinkage, and the sterol level which stabilizes the cell membrane decreased, which led to cytoplasmic outflow and the exudation of a large amount of yellow water from the mycelia. Additionally, there was increased electrolyte leakage. Furthermore, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to profile the metabolic changes in the aging As2796Y mycelia compared to the normal As2796 mycelia. A total of 52 differential metabolites were identified (75% were downregulated and 25% were upregulated in As2796Y). The reduction of many metabolites decreased the mycelial viability and the ability to maintain cell stability. Overall, this study is the first to report on the morphologic and metabolic changes in aged A. bisporus mycelia, which will aid future research on the mechanisms underlying A. bisporus mycelial aging.Key points• Aging of Agaricus bisporus strains will greatly reduce the fruiting body yield.• Aging of Agaricus bisporus strains can significantly change the cell structure of mycelia.• Many metabolites in the mycelium of aging spawn As2796Y significantly changed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Shu
- Institute of Edible Mushroom, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Breeding and Cultivation of Featured Edible Mushroom, No. 104, Pudang, Jin'an District, Fujian Province, 350011, Fuzhou, China.,School of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhiheng Zeng
- Institute of Edible Mushroom, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Breeding and Cultivation of Featured Edible Mushroom, No. 104, Pudang, Jin'an District, Fujian Province, 350011, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianqing Dai
- Institute of Edible Mushroom, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Breeding and Cultivation of Featured Edible Mushroom, No. 104, Pudang, Jin'an District, Fujian Province, 350011, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yi Cheng
- Institute of Edible Mushroom, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Breeding and Cultivation of Featured Edible Mushroom, No. 104, Pudang, Jin'an District, Fujian Province, 350011, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuanping Lu
- Institute of Edible Mushroom, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Breeding and Cultivation of Featured Edible Mushroom, No. 104, Pudang, Jin'an District, Fujian Province, 350011, Fuzhou, China
| | - Meiyuan Chen
- Institute of Edible Mushroom, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Breeding and Cultivation of Featured Edible Mushroom, No. 104, Pudang, Jin'an District, Fujian Province, 350011, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Hui Zeng
- Institute of Edible Mushroom, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Breeding and Cultivation of Featured Edible Mushroom, No. 104, Pudang, Jin'an District, Fujian Province, 350011, Fuzhou, China.
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Rollin-Pinheiro R, Almeida YDC, Rochetti VP, Xisto MIDDS, Borba-Santos LP, Rozental S, Barreto-Bergter E. Miltefosine Against Scedosporium and Lomentospora Species: Antifungal Activity and Its Effects on Fungal Cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:698662. [PMID: 34368017 PMCID: PMC8343104 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.698662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Scedosporium and Lomentospora species are filamentous fungi responsible for a wide range of infections in humans and are frequently associated with cystic fibrosis and immunocompromising conditions. Because they are usually resistant to many antifungal drugs available in clinical settings, studies of alternative targets in fungal cells and therapeutic approaches are necessary. In the present work, we evaluated the in vitro antifungal activity of miltefosine against Scedosporium and Lomentospora species and how this phospholipid analogue affects the fungal cell. Miltefosine inhibited different Scedosporium and Lomentospora species at 2–4 µg/ml and reduced biofilm formation. The loss of membrane integrity in Scedosporium aurantiacum caused by miltefosine was demonstrated by leakage of intracellular components and lipid raft disorganisation. The exogenous addition of glucosylceramide decreased the inhibitory activity of miltefosine. Reactive oxygen species production and mitochondrial activity were also affected by miltefosine, as well as the susceptibility to fluconazole, caspofungin and myoricin. The data obtained in the present study contribute to clarify the dynamics of the interaction between miltefosine and Scedosporium and Lomentospora cells, highlighting its potential use as new antifungal drug in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Rollin-Pinheiro
- Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Yuri de Castro Almeida
- Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Victor Pereira Rochetti
- Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariana Ingrid Dutra da Silva Xisto
- Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luana Pereira Borba-Santos
- Programa de Biologia Celular e Parasitologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sonia Rozental
- Programa de Biologia Celular e Parasitologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eliana Barreto-Bergter
- Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Azish M, Shams-Ghahfarokhi M, Razzaghi-Abyaneh M. Antifungal activity and mechanism of action of dichloromethane extract fraction A from Streptomyces libani against Aspergillus fumigatus. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:1212-1225. [PMID: 33590651 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of antifungal action of Streptomyces libani dichloromethane extract fraction A (DCEFA) against Aspergillus fumigatus and the host cytotoxicity. METHODS AND RESULTS DCEFA was purified from S. libani by autobiography and showed strong antifungal activity against A. fumigatus. A combination of electron microscopy, cell permeability assays, total oxidant status (TOS) assay, cell cytotoxicity assay and haemolysis activity was carried out to determine the target site of DCEFA. Exposure of A. fumigatus to DCEFA caused the damage to membranous cellular structures and increased release of cellular materials, potassium ions and TOS production. DCEFA was bound to ergosterol but did not affect fungal cell wall and ergosterol content. DCEFA did not show any obvious haemolytic activity for RBCs and toxicity against HEK-293 cell line. CONCLUSIONS DCEFA may inhibit A. fumigatus growth by targeting fungal cell membrane which results in the leakage of potassium ions and other cellular components, TOS production and final cell death. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY DCEFA of S. libani could be considered as a potential source of novel antifungals which may be useful for drug development against A. fumigatus as a life-threatening human pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Azish
- Department of Mycology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Shams-Ghahfarokhi
- Department of Mycology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Kim JH, Cheng LW, Chan KL, Tam CC, Mahoney N, Friedman M, Shilman MM, Land KM. Antifungal Drug Repurposing. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9110812. [PMID: 33203147 PMCID: PMC7697925 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9110812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Control of fungal pathogens is increasingly problematic due to the limited number of effective drugs available for antifungal therapy. Conventional antifungal drugs could also trigger human cytotoxicity associated with the kidneys and liver, including the generation of reactive oxygen species. Moreover, increased incidences of fungal resistance to the classes of azoles, such as fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, or posaconazole, or echinocandins, including caspofungin, anidulafungin, or micafungin, have been documented. Of note, certain azole fungicides such as propiconazole or tebuconazole that are applied to agricultural fields have the same mechanism of antifungal action as clinical azole drugs. Such long-term application of azole fungicides to crop fields provides environmental selection pressure for the emergence of pan-azole-resistant fungal strains such as Aspergillus fumigatus having TR34/L98H mutations, specifically, a 34 bp insertion into the cytochrome P450 51A (CYP51A) gene promoter region and a leucine-to-histidine substitution at codon 98 of CYP51A. Altogether, the emerging resistance of pathogens to currently available antifungal drugs and insufficiency in the discovery of new therapeutics engender the urgent need for the development of new antifungals and/or alternative therapies for effective control of fungal pathogens. We discuss the current needs for the discovery of new clinical antifungal drugs and the recent drug repurposing endeavors as alternative methods for fungal pathogen control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong H. Kim
- Foodborne Toxin Detection and Prevention Research Unit, Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA 94710, USA; (L.W.C.); (K.L.C.); (C.C.T.); (N.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-510-559-5841
| | - Luisa W. Cheng
- Foodborne Toxin Detection and Prevention Research Unit, Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA 94710, USA; (L.W.C.); (K.L.C.); (C.C.T.); (N.M.)
| | - Kathleen L. Chan
- Foodborne Toxin Detection and Prevention Research Unit, Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA 94710, USA; (L.W.C.); (K.L.C.); (C.C.T.); (N.M.)
| | - Christina C. Tam
- Foodborne Toxin Detection and Prevention Research Unit, Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA 94710, USA; (L.W.C.); (K.L.C.); (C.C.T.); (N.M.)
| | - Noreen Mahoney
- Foodborne Toxin Detection and Prevention Research Unit, Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA 94710, USA; (L.W.C.); (K.L.C.); (C.C.T.); (N.M.)
| | - Mendel Friedman
- Healthy Processed Foods Research Unit, Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA 94710, USA;
| | | | - Kirkwood M. Land
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA;
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Brilhante RSN, Costa ADC, Pereira VS, Fernandes MR, de Oliveira JS, Rodrigues AM, Camargo ZP, Pereira-Neto WDA, Sidrim JJC, Rocha MFG. Antifungal activity of deferiprone and EDTA against Sporothrix spp.: Effect on planktonic growth and biofilm formation. Med Mycol 2020; 59:myaa073. [PMID: 32838409 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myaa073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the antifungal activity of the chelators deferiprone (DFP) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and their effect on biofilm formation of the S. schenckii complex. Eighteen strains of Sporothrix spp. (seven S. brasiliensis, three S. globosa, three S. mexicana and five Sporothrix schenckii sensu stricto) were used. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for EDTA and DFP against filamentous forms of Sporothrix spp. ranged from 32 to 128 μg/ml. For antifungal drugs, MIC values ranged from 0.25 to 4 μg/ml for amphotericin B, from 0.25 to 4 μg/ml for itraconazole, and from 0.03 to 0.25 μg/ml for terbinafine. The chelators caused inhibition of Sporothrix spp. in yeast form at concentrations ranging from 16 to 64 μg/ml (for EDTA) and 8 to 32 μg/ml (for DFP). For antifungal drugs, MIC values observed against the yeast varied from 0.03 to 0.5 μg/ml for AMB, 0.03 to 1 μg/ml for ITC, and 0.03 to 0.13 μg/ml for TRB. Both DFP and EDTA presented synergistic interaction with antifungals against Sporothrix spp. in both filamentous and yeast form. Biofilms formed in the presence of the chelators (512 μg/ml) showed a reduction of 47% in biomass and 45% in metabolic activity. Our data reveal that DFP and EDTA reduced the growth of planktonic cells of Sporothrix spp., had synergistic interaction with antifungal drugs against this pathogen, and reduced biofilm formation of Sporothrix spp. LAY SUMMARY Our data reveal that iron chelators deferiprone and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid reduced the growth of planktonic cells of Sporothrix spp. as well as had synergistic interaction with antifungal drugs against this pathogen and reduced biofilm formation of Sporothrix spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimunda Sâmia Nogueira Brilhante
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Anderson da Cunha Costa
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Vandbergue Santos Pereira
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Mirele Rodrigues Fernandes
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Jonathas Sales de Oliveira
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Anderson Messias Rodrigues
- Cellular Biology Division, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo. Rua Botucatu, 862, 6th floor, Medical Sciences Building, CEP: 04023-062, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Zoilo Pires Camargo
- Cellular Biology Division, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo. Rua Botucatu, 862, 6th floor, Medical Sciences Building, CEP: 04023-062, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Waldemiro de Aquino Pereira-Neto
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - José Júlio Costa Sidrim
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Marcos Fábio Gadelha Rocha
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará. Av. Dr. Silas Munguba, 1700, Campus do Itaperi, CEP: 60714-903, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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11
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Brilhante RSN, Silva MLQD, Pereira VS, de Oliveira JS, Maciel JM, Silva INGD, Garcia LGS, Guedes GMDM, Cordeiro RDA, Pereira-Neto WDA, de Camargo ZP, Rodrigues AM, Sidrim JJC, Castelo-Branco DDSCM, Rocha MFG. Potassium iodide and miltefosine inhibit biofilms of Sporothrix schenckii species complex in yeast and filamentous forms. Med Mycol 2020; 57:764-772. [PMID: 30462271 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myy119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the yeast biofilm growth kinetics and ultrastructure of Sporothrix schenckii complex and assess their mature biofilm susceptibility in filamentous and yeast forms to potassium iodide (KI) and miltefosine (MIL). Yeast biofilms were evaluated by crystal violet staining, XTT reduction assay and microscopic techniques. Susceptibility of planktonic and sessile cells was analyzed by broth microdilution. S. schenckii complex in yeast form produced biofilms, with an optimum maturation at 96 h, showing multilayered blastoconidia embedded in extracellular matrix. KI and MIL minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranges against planktonic cells were 62,500-250,000 μg/ml and 0.125-4 μg/ml, respectively. KI and MIL reduced biofilm metabolic activity by 75.4% and 67.7% for filamentous form and 55.1% and 51.6% for yeast form, respectively. This study demonstrated that S. schenckii complex forms biofilms in vitro, and potassium iodide and miltefosine inhibit Sporothrix spp. biofilms in both filamentous and yeast forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimunda Sâmia Nogueira Brilhante
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Maria Lucilene Queiroz da Silva
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Vandbergue Santos Pereira
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Jonathas Sales de Oliveira
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Juliana Maria Maciel
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Isaac Neto Goes da Silva
- School of Veterinary, Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Lana Glerieide Silva Garcia
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Morgana de Melo Guedes
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Rossana de Aguiar Cordeiro
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Waldemiro de Aquino Pereira-Neto
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Zoilo Pires de Camargo
- Department of Microbiology, Imunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - José Júlio Costa Sidrim
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Débora de Souza Collares Maia Castelo-Branco
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Marcos Fábio Gadelha Rocha
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.,School of Veterinary, Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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12
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Barreto TL, Rossato L, de Freitas ALD, Meis JF, Lopes LB, Colombo AL, Ishida K. Miltefosine as an alternative strategy in the treatment of the emerging fungus Candida auris. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2020; 56:106049. [PMID: 32544569 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Candida auris (C. auris) is an emerging fungal species that is able to develop multidrug resistance and outbreaks of invasive infections worldwide with high mortality rates. To increase the treatment options for C. auris infection this study assessed the efficacy of miltefosine (MFS), that has demonstrated a broad-spectrum antifungal action in vitro. This study aimed to: (i) evaluate the in vitro antifungal activity of MFS against C. auris clinical isolates in the planktonic and biofilm lifestyles; and (ii) compare the activity of MFS in its free form and encapsulated in alginate nanoparticles (MFS-AN) in Galleria mellonella larvae infected by C. auris. METHODS The antifungal susceptibility test was performed using broth microdilution method and the in vivo treatment in Galleria mellonella larval infection model. RESULTS MFS exhibited in vitro inhibitory effects at MICs ranging 1-4 µg/mL and fungicidal activity against planktonic cells of C. auris clinical isolates. MFS antibiofilm activity was observed during biofilm formation (0.25-4 µg/mL) and on pre-formed biofilms (16-32 µg/mL). Moreover, the dispersed cells from C. auris biofilms had a similar susceptibility to those obtained for planktonic cells. Treatment with free MFS or MFS-AN resulted in significant improvements in the survival and morbidity rates of Galleria mellonella larvae infected by C. auris. In addition, reduction of fungal burden (0.5-1 log CFU/g) and granuloma formation were observed when compared with the untreated group. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that both the free MFS and MFS-AN have potential for the treatment of fungal infections caused by the emerging C. auris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thayná Lopes Barreto
- Laboratory of Antifungal Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luana Rossato
- Special Laboratory of Mycology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline Luiza Duarte de Freitas
- Laboratory of Antifungal Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jacques F Meis
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital (CWZ), Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Centre of Expertise in Mycology Radboudumc/CWZ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Luciana Biagini Lopes
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Drug Delivery Systems, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Kelly Ishida
- Laboratory of Antifungal Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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13
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Stefanello JR, Piasentin FB, Tondolo JSM, Loreto ES, Dutra V, Alves SH, Santurio JM. In vitro assessment of antifungal, antibacterial, and antiprotozoal drugs against clinical isolates of Conidiobolus lamprauges. Med Mycol 2019; 57:649-652. [PMID: 30289533 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myy092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have determined the in vitro activity of antifungal, antibacterial, and antiprotozoal drugs alone and in combination against seven Conidiobolus lamprauges clinical isolates. The assays were based on the M38-A2 protocol and the checkerboard microdilution method. The lowest inhibitory concentrations were observed for amphotericin B, miconazole (MCZ), terbinafine, and miltefosine (MTF) (MIC range 0.25-1; 2-8; 0.25-2; 2-16 μg/ml, respectively). The main synergism observed was through the combination of azithromycin (AZI)+MTF and dapsone (DAP)+MTF (100%), AZI+DAP (85.7%), AZI+MCZ (57.1%) as well as MCZ plus CTX and DAP (42.9%). The in vitro activities suggest that the combination of MTF and AZI or DAP are promising candidate therapies for conidiobolomycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josias R Stefanello
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda B Piasentin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MG, Brazil
| | - Juliana S M Tondolo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil
| | - Erico S Loreto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MG, Brazil
| | - Valéria Dutra
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil
| | - Sydney H Alves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MG, Brazil
| | - Janio M Santurio
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil
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14
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Miltefosine Has a Postantifungal Effect and Induces Apoptosis in Cryptococcus Yeasts. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:AAC.00312-18. [PMID: 29844051 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00312-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcus spp. are common opportunistic fungal pathogens, particularly in HIV patients. The approved drug miltefosine (MFS) has potential as an alternative antifungal against cryptococcosis; however, the mechanism of action of MFS in Cryptococcus is poorly understood. Here, we examined the effects of MFS on C. neoformans and C. gattii yeasts (planktonic and biofilm lifestyles) to clarify its mechanism of action. MFS presented inhibitory and fungicidal effects against planktonic Cryptococcus cells, with similar activities against dispersion biofilm cells, while sessile biofilm cells were less sensitive to MFS. Interestingly, MFS had postantifungal effect on Cryptococcus, with a proliferation delay of up to 8.15 h after a short exposure to fungicidal doses. MFS at fungicidal concentrations increased the plasma membrane permeability, likely due to a direct interaction with ergosterol, as suggested by competition assays with exogenous ergosterol. Moreover, MFS reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and induced DNA fragmentation and condensation, all of which are hallmarks of apoptosis. Transmission electron microscopy analysis showed that MFS-treated yeasts had a reduced mucopolysaccharide capsule (confirmed by morphometry with light microscopy), plasma membrane irregularities, mitochondrial swelling, and a less conspicuous cell wall. Our results suggest that MFS increases the plasma membrane permeability in Cryptococcus via an interaction with ergosterol and also affects the mitochondrial membrane, eventually leading to apoptosis, in line with its fungicidal activity. These findings confirm the potential of MFS as an antifungal against C. neoformans and C. gattii and warrant further studies to establish clinical protocols for MFS use against cryptococcosis.
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15
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Loreto ES, Tondolo JSM, Oliveira DC, Santurio JM, Alves SH. In Vitro Activities of Miltefosine and Antibacterial Agents from the Macrolide, Oxazolidinone, and Pleuromutilin Classes against Pythium insidiosum and Pythium aphanidermatum. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:e01678-17. [PMID: 29311087 PMCID: PMC5826131 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01678-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We tested 29 isolates of Pythium insidiosum and one isolate of Pythium aphanidermatum to investigate their susceptibility to miltefosine and antibacterial drugs from the macrolide, oxazolidinone, and pleuromutilin classes. We found that miltefosine, azithromycin, clarithromycin, josamycin, linezolid, sutezolid, retapamulin, tiamulin, and valnemulin had inhibitory and cidal activity against the pathogens at concentrations ranging from 0.25 to 64 μg/ml. Our results suggest that these antimicrobials are promising candidates for future studies on pythiosis in animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erico S Loreto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
- Sobresp Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana S M Tondolo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Janio M Santurio
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Sydney H Alves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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16
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McCarthy MW, Denning DW, Walsh TJ. Future Research Priorities in Fungal Resistance. J Infect Dis 2017; 216:S484-S492. [PMID: 28911040 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Improved understanding of basic mycological, pharmacological, and immunological processes has led to important advances in the diagnosis and treatment of invasive fungal infections. However, the rise of fungi that are resistant to existing antifungal agents poses a substantial threat to human health. Addressing this expanding problem is an urgent priority for the international research community. In this article, we highlight important diagnostic and therapeutic advances that address the rise of resistant fungi as well as new public health initiatives that warrant further investigation to help curb the spread of these potentially lethal organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David W Denning
- University Hospital of South Manchester, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas J Walsh
- Transplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
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17
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Alexandre TR, Lima ML, Galuppo MK, Mesquita JT, do Nascimento MA, Dos Santos AL, Sartorelli P, Pimenta DC, Tempone AG. Ergosterol isolated from the basidiomycete Pleurotus salmoneostramineus affects Trypanosoma cruzi plasma membrane and mitochondria. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2017; 23:30. [PMID: 28572816 PMCID: PMC5450401 DOI: 10.1186/s40409-017-0120-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Major drawbacks of the available treatment against Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis) include its toxicity and therapeutic inefficiency in the chronic phase of the infection, which makes it a concern among neglected diseases. Therefore, the discovery of alternative drugs for treating chronic Chagas disease requires immediate action. In this work, we evaluated the mushroom Pleurotus salmoneostramineus in the search for potential antiparasitic compounds. Methods Fruit bodies of the basidiomycete Pleurotus salmoneostramineus were triturated and submitted to organic solvent extraction. After liquid-liquid partition of the crude extract, three fractions were obtained and the bioguided fractionation study was conducted to isolate the active metabolites. The elucidation of the chemical structure was performed using GC-MS and NMR techniques. The biological assays for antiparasitic activity were carried out using trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi and murine macrophages for mammalian cytotoxicity. The mechanism of action of the isolated compound used different fluorescent probes to evaluate the plasma membrane permeability, the potential of the mitochondrial membrane and the intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Results The most abundant fraction showing the antiparasitic activity was isolated and chemically elucidated, confirming the presence of ergosterol. It showed anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity against trypomastigotes, with an IC50 value of 51.3 μg/mL. The compound demonstrated no cytotoxicity against mammalian cells to the maximal tested concentration of 200 μg/mL. The mechanism of action of ergosterol in Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes resulted in permeabilization of the plasma membrane, as well as depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential, leading to parasite death. Nevertheless, no increase in ROS levels could be observed, suggesting damages to plasma membrane rather than an induction of oxidative stress in the parasite. Conclusions The selection of naturally antiparasitic secondary metabolites in basidiomycetes, such as ergosterol, may provide potential scaffolds for drug design studies against neglected diseases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40409-017-0120-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Rodrigues Alexandre
- Center for Parasitology and Mycology, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 351, 8° andar, CEP 01246-000, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Marta Lopes Lima
- Center for Parasitology and Mycology, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 351, 8° andar, CEP 01246-000, São Paulo, SP Brazil.,Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Mariana Kolos Galuppo
- Center for Parasitology and Mycology, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 351, 8° andar, CEP 01246-000, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Juliana Tonini Mesquita
- Center for Parasitology and Mycology, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 351, 8° andar, CEP 01246-000, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Matilia Ana do Nascimento
- Center for Parasitology and Mycology, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 351, 8° andar, CEP 01246-000, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Augusto Leonardo Dos Santos
- Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, SP Brazil
| | - Patricia Sartorelli
- Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, SP Brazil
| | | | - Andre Gustavo Tempone
- Center for Parasitology and Mycology, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 351, 8° andar, CEP 01246-000, São Paulo, SP Brazil
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18
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Rossi DCP, Spadari CDC, Nosanchuk JD, Taborda CP, Ishida K. Miltefosine is fungicidal to Paracoccidioides spp. yeast cells but subinhibitory concentrations induce melanisation. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2017; 49:465-471. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2016.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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19
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Pathogen–Host Interaction of Histoplasma capsulatum: an Update. CURRENT FUNGAL INFECTION REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12281-016-0267-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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20
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Alonso L, Alonso A. Hemolytic potential of miltefosine is dependent on cell concentration: Implications for in vitro cell cytotoxicity assays and pharmacokinetic data. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2016; 1858:1160-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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21
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Assato PA, da Silva JDF, de Oliveira HC, Marcos CM, Rossi D, Valentini SR, Mendes-Giannini MJS, Zanelli CF, Fusco-Almeida AM. Functional analysis of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis 14-3-3 adhesin expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. BMC Microbiol 2015; 15:256. [PMID: 26537993 PMCID: PMC4634143 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-015-0586-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 14-3-3 proteins comprise a family of eukaryotic multifunctional proteins involved in several cellular processes. The Pb14-3-3 of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis seems to play an important role in the Paracoccidioides-host interaction. Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is an etiological agent of paracoccidioidomycosis, which is a systemic mycosis that is endemic in Latin America. In the initial steps of the infection, Paracoccidioides spp. synthetizes adhesins that allow it to adhere and invade host cells. Therefore, the aim of this work was to perform a functional analysis of Pb14-3-3 using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model. RESULTS The functional analysis of Pb14-3-3 was performed in S. cerevisiae, and it was found that Pb14-3-3 partially complemented S. cerevisiae proteins Bmh1p and Bmh2p, which are recognized as two yeast 14-3-3 homologues. When we evaluated the adhesion profile of S. cerevisiae transformants, Pb14-3-3 acted as an adhesin in S. cerevisiae; however, Bmh1p did not show this function. The influence of Pb14-3-3 in S. cerevisiae ergosterol pathway was also evaluated and our results showed that Pb14-3-3 up-regulates genes involved in ergosterol biosynthesis. CONCLUSIONS Our data showed that Pb14-3-3 was able to partially complement Bmh1p and Bmh2p proteins in S. cerevisiae; however, we suggest that Pb14-3-3 has a differential role as an adhesin. In addition, Pb-14-3-3 may be involved in Paracoccidioides spp. ergosterol biosynthesis which makes it an interest as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Akemi Assato
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica - Núcleo de Proteômica - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas- Unesp - Campus Araraquara, Rodovia Araraquara - Jaú Km 1, 14801-902, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Julhiany de Fátima da Silva
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica - Núcleo de Proteômica - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas- Unesp - Campus Araraquara, Rodovia Araraquara - Jaú Km 1, 14801-902, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Haroldo Cesar de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica - Núcleo de Proteômica - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas- Unesp - Campus Araraquara, Rodovia Araraquara - Jaú Km 1, 14801-902, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Caroline Maria Marcos
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica - Núcleo de Proteômica - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas- Unesp - Campus Araraquara, Rodovia Araraquara - Jaú Km 1, 14801-902, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Danuza Rossi
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas- Unesp - Campus Araraquara, Rodovia Araraquara - Jaú Km 1, 14801-902, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Sandro Roberto Valentini
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas- Unesp - Campus Araraquara, Rodovia Araraquara - Jaú Km 1, 14801-902, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Maria José Soares Mendes-Giannini
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica - Núcleo de Proteômica - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas- Unesp - Campus Araraquara, Rodovia Araraquara - Jaú Km 1, 14801-902, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Cleslei Fernando Zanelli
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas- Unesp - Campus Araraquara, Rodovia Araraquara - Jaú Km 1, 14801-902, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica - Núcleo de Proteômica - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas- Unesp - Campus Araraquara, Rodovia Araraquara - Jaú Km 1, 14801-902, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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