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Gamal MA, Fahim SH, Giovannuzzi S, Fouad MA, Bonardi A, Gratteri P, Supuran CT, Hassan GS. Probing benzenesulfonamide-thiazolidinone hybrids as multitarget directed ligands for efficient control of type 2 diabetes mellitus through targeting the enzymes: α-glucosidase and carbonic anhydrase II. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 271:116434. [PMID: 38653067 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by improper expression/function of a number of key enzymes that can be regarded as targets for anti-diabetic drug design. Herein, we report the design, synthesis, and biological assessment of two series of thiazolidinone-based sulfonamides 4a-l and 5a-c as multitarget directed ligands (MTDLs) with potential anti-diabetic activity through targeting the enzymes: α-glucosidase and human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) II. The synthesized sulfonamides were evaluated for their inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase where most of the compounds showed good to potent activities. Compounds 4d and 4e showed potent inhibitory activities (IC50 = 0.440 and 0.3456 μM), comparable with that of the positive control (acarbose; IC50 = 0.420 μM). All the synthesized derivatives were also tested for their inhibitory activities against hCA I, II, IX, and XII. They exhibited different levels of inhibition against these isoforms. Compound 4d outstood as the most potent one against hCA II with Ki equals to 7.0 nM, more potent than the reference standard (acetazolamide; Ki = 12.0 nM). In silico studies for the most active compounds within the active sites of α-glucosidase and hCA II revealed good binding modes that can explain their biological activities. MM-GBSA refinements and molecular dynamic simulations were performed on the top-ranking docking pose of the most potent compound 4d to confirm the formation of stable complex with both targets. Compound 4d was screened for its in vivo antihyperglycemic efficacy by using the oral glucose tolerance test. Compound 4d decreased blood glucose level to 217 mg/dl, better than the standard acarbose (234 mg/dl). Hence, this revealed its synergistic mode of action on post prandial hyperglycemia and hepatic gluconeogenesis. Thus, these benzenesulfonamide thiazolidinone hybrids could be considered as promising multi-target candidates for the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona A Gamal
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Samar H Fahim
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Simone Giovannuzzi
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Marwa A Fouad
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St, Cairo, 11562, Egypt; Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University, New Giza, km 22 Cairo-Alexandria Desert Road, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alessandro Bonardi
- NEUROFARBA Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Paola Gratteri
- NEUROFARBA Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Ghaneya S Hassan
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St, Cairo, 11562, Egypt; Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, School of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Egypt
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Ullah S, Halim SA, Waqas M, Mansoor F, Avula SK, Khan FA, Perviaz M, Ogaly HA, Khan A, Al-Harrasi A. Biochemical and computational inhibition of α-glucosidase by novel metronidazole-linked 1 H-1,2,3-triazole and carboxylate moieties: kinetics and dynamic investigations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-21. [PMID: 38433423 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2322622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
In the current study, metronidazole derivatives containing 1H-1,2,3-triazole and carboxylate moieties were evaluated in vitro and by computational methods for their anti-diabetic potential to insight into their medicinal use for the management of type II diabetes mellitus. Interestingly all 14 compounds displayed high to significant inhibitory capability against the key carbohydrate's digestive enzyme α-glucosidase with IC50 values in range of 9.73-56.39 μM, as compared to marketed drug acarbose (IC50 = 873.34 ± 1.67 μM). Compounds 5i and 7c exhibited the highest inhibition, therefore, these two compounds were further evaluated for their mechanistic studies to explore its type of inhibition. Compounds 5i and 7c both displayed a concentration-dependent (competitive type of inhibition) with Ki values 7.14 ± 0.01, 6.15 ± 0.02 μM, respectively, which conclude their favourable interactions with the active site residues of the α-glucosidase. Interestingly all compounds are non-cytotoxic against BJ cell line. To further validate our findings, in-silico approaches like molecular docking, and molecular dynamic simulations were applied to investigate the mode of bindings of compounds with the enzyme and identifies their inhibition mechanism, which strongly complements our experimental findings.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Ullah
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Sobia Ahsan Halim
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Farheen Mansoor
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Satya Kumar Avula
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Farhan A Khan
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Perviaz
- Department of Basic & Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science & Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hanan A Ogaly
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
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3
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Ravichandran S, Kandaswamy K, Muthu K. Evaluation of lupeol-chitosan nanoparticles infused cellulose acetate membranes for enhanced in-vitro anticancer and antidiabetic activities. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 351:141149. [PMID: 38218233 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
This study utilizes the abundance of pharmacologically active compounds found in natural products and concentrates on the promising anticancer agent lupeol (LUP). The limited water solubility and bioavailability of lupeol have limited its therapeutic utility. To test their potential for treating diabetes and cancer, we synthesized lupeol@chitosan (LUP@CS) nanoparticles encapsulated in cellulose acetate (CA) membranes (LUP@CS/CA). Extensive characterization, including Scanning electron microscopy, Thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and mechanical strength analysis, confirmed the membrane's structural integrity and drug release capacity. Notably, in vitro experiments utilizing A431 human skin cancer cells revealed remarkable anticancer activity, positioning the membrane as a potential novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of skin cancer. Inhibiting carbohydrate-digesting enzymes effectively, as evidenced by IC50 values as low as 54.56 mg/mL, the membrane also exhibited significant antidiabetic potential. These results demonstrate the multifarious potential of the membrane, which offers promise for both the treatment of skin cancer and the management of diabetes, and has significant implications for nano biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siranjeevi Ravichandran
- Department of Chemistry, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kala Kandaswamy
- Department of Bioinformatics, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 602105, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Kannan Muthu
- Department of Bioinformatics, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
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4
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Arte PA, Tungare K, Bhori M, Jobby R, Aich J. Treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus with stem cells and antidiabetic drugs: a dualistic and future-focused approach. Hum Cell 2024; 37:54-84. [PMID: 38038863 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-023-01007-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) accounts for more than 90% of total diabetes mellitus cases all over the world. Obesity and lack of balance between energy intake and energy expenditure are closely linked to T2DM. Initial pharmaceutical treatment and lifestyle interventions can at times lead to remission but usually help alleviate it to a certain extent and the condition remains, thus, recurrent with the patient being permanently pharmaco-dependent. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent, self-renewing cells with the ability to secrete a variety of biological factors that can help restore and repair injured tissues. MSC-derived exosomes possess these properties of the original stem cells and are potentially able to confer superior effects due to advanced cell-to-cell signaling and the presence of stem cell-specific miRNAs. On the other hand, the repository of antidiabetic agents is constantly updated with novel T2DM disease-modifying drugs, with higher efficacy and increasingly convenient delivery protocols. Delving deeply, this review details the latest progress and ongoing studies related to the amalgamation of stem cells and antidiabetic drugs, establishing how this harmonized approach can exert superior effects in the management and potential reversal of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyamvada Amol Arte
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, DY Patil Deemed to Be University, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400614, India.
- Anatek Services PVT LTD, Sai Chamber, 10, Near Santacruz Railway Bridge, Sen Nagar, Santacruz East, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400055, India.
| | - Kanchanlata Tungare
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, DY Patil Deemed to Be University, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400614, India
| | - Mustansir Bhori
- Inveniolife Technology PVT LTD, Office No.118, Grow More Tower, Plot No.5, Sector 2, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 410210, India
| | - Renitta Jobby
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Maharashtra, Mumbai-Pune Expressway, Bhatan, Panvel, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 410206, India
- Amity Centre of Excellence in Astrobiology, Amity University Maharashtra, Mumbai-Pune Expressway, Bhatan, Panvel, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 410206, India
| | - Jyotirmoi Aich
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, DY Patil Deemed to Be University, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400614, India
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Sharma A, Dubey R, Bhupal R, Patel P, Verma SK, Kaya S, Asati V. An insight on medicinal attributes of 1,2,3- and 1,2,4-triazole derivatives as alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors. Mol Divers 2023:10.1007/s11030-023-10728-1. [PMID: 37733243 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10728-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is the globe's common leading disease which is caused by high consumption of glucose. DM compiles groups of metabolic disorders which are characterized by inadequate secretion of insulin from pancreas, resulting in hyperglycemia condition. Many enzymes play a vital role in the metabolism of carbohydrate known as α-amylase and α-glucosidase which is calcium metalloenzyme that leads to breakdown of complex polysaccharides into glucose. To tackle this problem, search for newer antidiabetic drugs is the utmost need for the treatment and/or management of increasing diabetic burden. The inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase is one of the effective therapeutic approaches for the development of antidiabetic therapeutics. The exhaustive literature survey has shown the importance of medicinally privileged triazole specifically 1,2,3-triazol and 1,2,4-triazoles scaffold tethered, fused and/or clubbed with other heterocyclic rings structures as promising agents for designing and development of novel antidiabetic therapeutics. Molecular hybrids namely pyridazine-triazole, pyrazoline-triazole, benzothiazole-triazole, benzimidazole-triazole, curcumin-triazole, (bis)coumarin-triazole, acridine-9-carboxamide linked triazole, quinazolinone-triazole, xanthone-triazole, thiazolo-triazole, thiosemicarbazide-triazole, and indole clubbed-triazole are few examples which have shown promising antidiabetic activity by inhibiting α-amylase and/or α-glucosidase. The present review summarizes the structure-activity relationship (SAR), enzyme inhibitory activity including IC50 values, percentage inhibition, kinetic studies, molecular docking studies, and patents filed of the both scaffolds as alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, which may be used for further development of potent inhibitors against both enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushka Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Rahul Dubey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Ritu Bhupal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Preeti Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Sant Kumar Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Savas Kaya
- Health Services Vocational School, Department of Pharmacy, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Vivek Asati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India.
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6
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Peytam F, Hosseini FS, Hekmati M, Bayati B, Moghadam MS, Emamgholipour Z, Firoozpour L, Mojtabavi S, Faramarzi MA, Sadat-Ebrahimi SE, Tehrani MB, Foroumadi A. Imidazo[1,2-c]quinazolines as a novel and potent scaffold of α-glucosidase inhibitors: design, synthesis, biological evaluations, and in silico studies. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15672. [PMID: 37735489 PMCID: PMC10514295 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42549-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Glucosidase inhibition is an approved treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In an attempt to develop novel anti-α-glucosidase agents, two series of substituted imidazo[1,2-c]quinazolines, namely 6a-c and 11a-o, were synthesized using a simple, straightforward synthetic routes. These compounds were thoroughly characterized by IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, as well as mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. Subsequently, the inhibitory activities of these compounds were evaluated against Saccharomyces cerevisiae α-glucosidase. In present study, acarbose was utilized as a positive control. These imidazoquinazolines exhibited excellent to great inhibitory potencies with IC50 values ranging from 12.44 ± 0.38 μM to 308.33 ± 0.06 μM, which were several times more potent than standard drug with IC50 value of 750.0 ± 1.5 μM. Representatively, compound 11j showed remarkable anti-α-glucosidase potency with IC50 = 12.44 ± 0.38 μM, which was 60.3 times more potent than positive control acarbose. To explore the potential inhibition mechanism, further evaluations including kinetic analysis, circular dichroism, fluorescence spectroscopy, and thermodynamic profile were carried out for the most potent compound 11j. Moreover, molecular docking studies and in silico ADME prediction for all imidazoquinazolines 6a-c and 11a-o were performed to reveal their important binding interactions, as well as their physicochemical and drug-likeness properties, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Peytam
- Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Sadat Hosseini
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malak Hekmati
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Bayati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdis Sadeghi Moghadam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Emamgholipour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Loghman Firoozpour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Mojtabavi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Faramarzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Maliheh Barazandeh Tehrani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Foroumadi
- Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Haddad F, Dokmak G, Bader M, Karaman R. A Comprehensive Review on Weight Loss Associated with Anti-Diabetic Medications. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13041012. [PMID: 37109541 PMCID: PMC10144237 DOI: 10.3390/life13041012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a complex metabolic condition that can have a negative impact on one's health and even result in mortality. The management of obesity has been addressed in a number of ways, including lifestyle changes, medication using appetite suppressants and thermogenics, and bariatric surgery for individuals who are severely obese. Liraglutide and semaglutide are two of the five Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved anti-obesity drugs that are FDA-approved agents for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. In order to highlight the positive effects of these drugs as anti-obesity treatments, we analyzed the weight loss effects of T2DM agents that have demonstrated weight loss effects in this study by evaluating clinical studies that were published for each agent. Many clinical studies have revealed that some antihyperglycemic medications can help people lose weight, while others either cause weight gain or neutral results. Acarbose has mild weight loss effects and metformin and sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter proteins-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors have modest weight loss effects; however, some glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists had the greatest impact on weight loss. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors showed a neutral or mild weight loss effect. To sum up, some of the GLP-1 agonist drugs show promise as weight-loss treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Haddad
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem 9103401, Palestine
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Ghadeer Dokmak
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem 9103401, Palestine
| | - Maryam Bader
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem 9103401, Palestine
| | - Rafik Karaman
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem 9103401, Palestine
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
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Scheen AJ. Clinical pharmacology of antidiabetic drugs: What can be expected of their use? Presse Med 2023; 52:104158. [PMID: 36565754 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2022.104158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmacotherapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has markedly evolved in the last two decades. Classical antidiabetic agents (sulphonylureas, metformin, insulin) are now in competition with new glucose-lowering medications. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors and thiazolidinediones (glitazones) were not able to replace older agents, because of insufficient efficacy and/or poor tolerability/safety. In contrast, incretin-based therapies, both dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4is or gliptins, oral agents) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs, subcutaneous injections) are a major breakthrough in the management of T2DM. Because they are not associated with hypoglycaemia and weight gain, DPP-4is tend to replace sulphonylureas as add-on to metformin while GLP-1RAs tend to replace basal insulin therapy after failure of oral therapies. Furthermore, placebo-controlled cardiovascular outcome trials demonstrated neutrality for DPP-4is, but cardiovascular protection for GLP-1RAs in patients with T2DM at high cardiovascular risk. More recently sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is or gliflozins, oral agents) also showed cardiovascular protection, especially a reduction in hospitalization for heart failure, as well as a renal protection in patients with and without T2DM, at high cardiovascular risk, with established heart failure and/or with chronic kidney disease. Thus, GLP-1RAs and SGLT2is are now considered as preferred drugs in T2DM patients with or at high risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease whereas SGLT2is are more specifically recommended in patients with or at risk of heart failure and renal (albuminuric) disease. The management of T2DM is moving from a glucocentric approach to a broader strategy focusing on all risk factors, including overweight/obesity, and to an organ-disease targeted personalized approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- André J Scheen
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Division of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders, Department of Medicine, CHU Liège, Liège, Belgium.
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9
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Fan Z, Yang G, Wu X, Yang Y, Xu J. Screening for α-glucosidase inhibitors from Selaginella uncinata based on the ligand fishing combined with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight-tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2023; 37:e5611. [PMID: 36840461 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Biflavonoids are naturally occurring compounds consisting of two flavonoid moieties that have received substantial attention from researchers. Although many kinds of biflavonoids are typically distributed in Selaginella uncinata with hypoglycemic effect, their anti-α-glucosidase activities are not yet clear. In this study, a ligand fishing strategy for fast screening of α-glucosidase inhibitors from S. uncinata was proposed. α-Glucosidase was first immobilized on Fe3 O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and then the α-glucosidase-functionalized MNPs were incubated with crude extracts of S. uncinata to fish out the ligands. Furthermore, considering the similarity and easy confusion of the structures of biflavonoids, the fragmentation patterns of different types of biflavonoids were studied. Based on this, 11 biflavonoids ligands with α-glucosidase inhibitory activities were accurately and quickly identified from S. uncinata with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight-tandem mass spectrometry. Furthermore, these ligands were confirmed to be potential inhibitors through the in vitro inhibitory assay and molecular docking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Fan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Gangqiang Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinjie Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinfang Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
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10
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Wee AS, Nhu TD, Khaw KY, San Tang K, Yeong KY. Linking Diabetes to Alzheimer's Disease: Potential Roles of Glucose Metabolism and Alpha-Glucosidase. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:2036-2048. [PMID: 36372924 PMCID: PMC10556372 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21999221111102343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) are more prevalent with ageing and cause a substantial global socio-economic burden. The biology of these two conditions is well elaborated, but whether AD and type 2 DM arise from coincidental roots in ageing or are linked by pathophysiological mechanisms remains unclear. Research findings involving animal models have identified mechanisms shared by both AD and type 2 DM. Deposition of β-amyloid peptides and formation of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles are pathological hallmarks of AD. Type 2 DM, on the other hand, is a metabolic disorder characterised by hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance. Several studies show that improving type 2 DM can delay or prevent the development of AD, and hence, prevention and control of type 2 DM may reduce the risk of AD later in life. Alpha-glucosidase is an enzyme that is commonly associated with hyperglycaemia in type 2 DM. However, it is uncertain if this enzyme may play a role in the progression of AD. This review explores the experimental evidence that depicts the relationship between dysregulation of glucose metabolism and AD. We also delineate the links between alpha-glucosidase and AD and the potential role of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors in treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Sze Wee
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Medicine, SEGi University, Kota Damansara, 47810 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Thao Dinh Nhu
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Kooi Yeong Khaw
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kim San Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Keng Yoon Yeong
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500 , Selangor, Malaysia
- Tropical Medicine and Biology (TMB) Multidisciplinary Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
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11
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DeMarsilis A, Reddy N, Boutari C, Filippaios A, Sternthal E, Katsiki N, Mantzoros C. Pharmacotherapy of type 2 diabetes: An update and future directions. Metabolism 2022; 137:155332. [PMID: 36240884 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a widely prevalent disease with substantial economic and social impact for which multiple conventional and novel pharmacotherapies are currently available; however, the landscape of T2D treatment is constantly changing as new therapies emerge and the understanding of currently available agents deepens. This review aims to provide an updated summary of the pharmacotherapeutic approach to T2D. Each class of agents is presented by mechanism of action, details of administration, side effect profile, cost, and use in certain populations including heart failure, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity, chronic kidney disease, and older individuals. We also review targets of novel therapeutic T2D agent development. Finally, we outline an up-to-date treatment approach that starts with identification of an individualized goal for glycemic control then selection, initiation, and further intensification of a personalized therapeutic plan for T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antea DeMarsilis
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Niyoti Reddy
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, USA
| | - Chrysoula Boutari
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippocration Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Andreas Filippaios
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Elliot Sternthal
- Section of Endocrinology, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Niki Katsiki
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, Sindos, Greece; School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - Christos Mantzoros
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Section of Endocrinology, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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12
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Ke C, Narayan KMV, Chan JCN, Jha P, Shah BR. Pathophysiology, phenotypes and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Indian and Chinese populations. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2022; 18:413-432. [PMID: 35508700 PMCID: PMC9067000 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-022-00669-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nearly half of all adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) live in India and China. These populations have an underlying predisposition to deficient insulin secretion, which has a key role in the pathogenesis of T2DM. Indian and Chinese people might be more susceptible to hepatic or skeletal muscle insulin resistance, respectively, than other populations, resulting in specific forms of insulin deficiency. Cluster-based phenotypic analyses demonstrate a higher frequency of severe insulin-deficient diabetes mellitus and younger ages at diagnosis, lower β-cell function, lower insulin resistance and lower BMI among Indian and Chinese people compared with European people. Individuals diagnosed earliest in life have the most aggressive course of disease and the highest risk of complications. These characteristics might contribute to distinctive responses to glucose-lowering medications. Incretin-based agents are particularly effective for lowering glucose levels in these populations; they enhance incretin-augmented insulin secretion and suppress glucagon secretion. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors might also lower blood levels of glucose especially effectively among Asian people, while α-glucosidase inhibitors are better tolerated in east Asian populations versus other populations. Further research is needed to better characterize and address the pathophysiology and phenotypes of T2DM in Indian and Chinese populations, and to further develop individualized treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin Ke
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Asia Diabetes Foundation, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - K M Venkat Narayan
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Nutrition and Health Sciences Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Juliana C N Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Asia Diabetes Foundation, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Prabhat Jha
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Baiju R Shah
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Wafa W, Septini R, Sauriasari R. Comparison of Metformin-sulfonylurea and Metformin-acarbose Combination Therapies on Glycemic Outcomes: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Curr Diabetes Rev 2022; 18:e031121197656. [PMID: 34732117 DOI: 10.2174/1573399818666211103161917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pharmacological therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus features various combinations of treatments, with different therapies providing different levels of effectiveness. In clinical settings, choices are driven by cost, effectiveness, and safety considerations, and these choices are still under question in Indonesia. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of metformin-sulfonylurea and metformin-acarbose combination therapies on glycemic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS This study was carried out at Gatot Soebroto Army Hospital in Jakarta and utilized a retrospective cohort study design. Participants had consumed the same drug without switching for six months and were divided into a metformin-sulfonylurea group (n = 100) and a metformin-acarbose group (n = 100). The effectiveness of treatment was evaluated by considering hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), two hours postprandial glucose, and fasting blood glucose. RESULTS After six months' consumption, there were no statistical differences between results for the metformin-sulfonylurea and metformin-acarbose groups in terms of change of HbA1c (p = 0.062), controlled two hours postprandial blood glucose (p = 0.649), and controlled fasting blood glucose (p = 0.282). Regular exercise was the most significant factor for constant/decreased HbA1c, whereas being male and following a diet were the most significant factors for controlled two hours postprandial blood glucose and fasting blood glucose, respectively. CONCLUSION Based on the analysis performed, there was no significant difference in the effectiveness of six months' consumption of metformin-sulfonylurea and metformin-acarbose on HbA1c, two hours postprandial blood glucose, and fasting blood glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafa Wafa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | | | - Rani Sauriasari
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
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Jakubczyk A, Złotek U, Rybczyńska-Tkaczyk K. Influence of Elicitation and Drying Methods on Anti-Metabolic Syndrome, and Antimicrobial Properties of Extracts and Hydrolysates Obtained from Elicited Lovage ( Levisticum officinale Koch). Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124365. [PMID: 34959917 PMCID: PMC8708861 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This research aims to investigate the influence of elicitation and drying methods (natural, convection, microwave, and freeze-drying), with jasmonic acid (JA) and yeast extract (YE) on the biological activity of extracts and hydrolysates from lovage (Levisticum officinale Koch) leaves. The results indicate that the highest TPC was determined for hydrolysates obtained from JA-elicited microwave-dried lovage (24.96 mg/gDW). The highest ACE and lipase inhibitory activity was noted for PBS extract obtained from JA-elicited lovage after microwave drying (EC50 = 0.16 and 0.12 mg/mL, respectively). Ethanolic extract from JA-elicited lovage after freeze-drying was characterized by the highest α-amylase inhibitory activity (EC50 = 3.92 mg/mL) and the highest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (EC50 = 1.43 mg/mL) was noted for hydrolysates from control plants subjected to freeze-drying. The highest antimicrobial activity towards C. albicans yeasts was observed for microwave ethanolic extracts with minimal inhibition (MIC) and lethal (MLC) concentrations of 0.625 and 1.25 mg/mL, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jakubczyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland; (A.J.); (U.Z.)
| | - Urszula Złotek
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland; (A.J.); (U.Z.)
| | - Kamila Rybczyńska-Tkaczyk
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Leszczyńskiego Street 7, 20-069 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Sathiyaseelan A, Park S, Saravanakumar K, Mariadoss AVA, Wang MH. Evaluation of phytochemicals, antioxidants, and antidiabetic efficacy of various solvent fractions of Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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16
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Siddiqui H, Baheej MAA, Ullah S, Rizvi F, Iqbal S, Haniffa HM, Wahab AT, Choudhary MI. Synthesis of 1,2,3,triazole modified analogues of hydrochlorothiazide via click chemistry approach and in-vitro α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition studies. Mol Divers 2021; 26:2049-2067. [PMID: 34608550 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-021-10314-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The current study was aimed to discover potent inhibitors of α-glucosidase enzyme. A 25 membered library of new 1,2,3-triazole derivatives of hydrochlorothiazide (1) (HCTZ, a diuretic drug also being used for the treatment of high blood pressure) was synthesized through click chemistry approach. The structures of all derivatives 2-26 were deduced by MS, IR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectroscopic techniques. All the compounds were found to be new. Compounds 1-26 were evaluated for α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition activity. Among them, 18 compounds showed potent inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase with IC50 values between 24 and 379 µM. α-Glucosidase inhibitor drug acarbose (IC50 = 875.75 ± 2.08 μM) was used as the standard. Kinetics studies of compounds 6, 9, 11, 12, 15, 20, 23, and 24 revealed that only compound 15 as a mixed-type of inhibitor, while others were non-competitive inhibitors of α-glucosidase enzyme. All the compounds were found to be non-cytotoxic when checked against mouse fibroblast 3T3 cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Siddiqui
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
| | - M A A Baheej
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, South Eastern University, Oluvil, Sri Lanka
| | - Saeed Ullah
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Fazila Rizvi
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Iqbal
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Haroon M Haniffa
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, South Eastern University, Oluvil, Sri Lanka
| | - Atia-Tul Wahab
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - M Iqbal Choudhary
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan. .,Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan. .,Department of Biochemistry, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, 21452, Saudi Arabia. .,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Komplek Campus C, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia.
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Estrada AK, Delgado-Maldonado T, Lara-Ramírez EE, Martínez-Vázquez AV, Ortiz-Lopez E, Paz-González AD, Bandyopadhyay D, Rivera G. Recent Advances in the Development of Type 2 Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter Inhibitors for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 22:586-599. [PMID: 34353256 DOI: 10.2174/1389557521666210805112416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most serious and prevalent diseases worldwide. In the last decade, type 2 sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitors (iSGLT2) were approved as alternative drugs for the pharmacological treatment of T2DM. The anti-hyperglycemic mechanism of action of these drugs involves glycosuria. In addition, SGLT2 inhibitors cause beneficial effects such as weight loss, a decrease in blood pressure, and others. OBJECTIVE This review aimed to describe the origin of SGLT2 inhibitors and analyze their recent development in preclinical and clinical trials. RESULTS In 2013, the FDA approved SGLT2 inhibitors as a new alternative for the treatment of T2DM. These drugs have shown good tolerance with few adverse effects in clinical trials. Additionally, new potential anti-T2DM agents based on iSGLT2 (O-, C-, and N-glucosides) have exhibited a favorable profile in preclinical evaluations, making them candidates for advanced clinical trials. CONCLUSION The clinical results of SGLT2 inhibitors show the importance of this drug class as new anti-T2DM agents with a potential dual effect. Additionally, the preclinical results of SGLT2 inhibitors favor the design and development of more selective new agents. However, several adverse effects could be a potential risk for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Karen Estrada
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 88710 Reynosa. Mexico
| | - Timoteo Delgado-Maldonado
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 88710 Reynosa. Mexico
| | - Edgar E Lara-Ramírez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica de Zacatecas, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), 98000 Zacatecas. Mexico
| | - Ana Verónica Martínez-Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 88710 Reynosa. Mexico
| | - Eyra Ortiz-Lopez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 88710 Reynosa. Mexico
| | - Alma D Paz-González
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 88710 Reynosa. Mexico
| | | | - Gildardo Rivera
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 88710 Reynosa. Mexico
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Glucosidase Inhibitors Screening in Microalgae and Cyanobacteria Isolated from the Amazon and Proteomic Analysis of Inhibitor Producing Synechococcus sp. GFB01. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081593. [PMID: 34442672 PMCID: PMC8402191 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae and cyanobacteria are good sources for prospecting metabolites of biotechnological interest, including glucosidase inhibitors. These inhibitors act on enzymes related to various biochemical processes; they are involved in metabolic diseases, such as diabetes and Gaucher disease, tumors and viral infections, thus, they are interesting hubs for the development of new drugs and therapies. In this work, the screening of 63 environmental samples collected in the Brazilian Amazon found activity against β-glucosidase, of at least 60 min, in 13.85% of the tested extracts, with Synechococcus sp. GFB01 showing inhibitory activity of 90.2% for α-glucosidase and 96.9% against β-glucosidase. It was found that the nutritional limitation due to a reduction in the concentration of sodium nitrate, despite not being sufficient to cause changes in cell growth and photosynthetic apparatus, resulted in reduced production of α and β-glucosidase inhibitors and differential protein expression. The proteomic analysis of cyanobacteria isolated from the Amazon is unprecedented, with this being the first work to evaluate the protein expression of Synechococcus sp. GFB01 subjected to nutritional stress. This evaluation helps to better understand the metabolic responses of this organism, especially related to the production of inhibitors, adding knowledge to the industrial potential of these cyanobacterial compounds.
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Kreitman A, Schneider SH, Hao L, Schlussel Y, Bello NT, Shapses SA. Reduced postprandial bone resorption and greater rise in GLP-1 in overweight and obese individuals after an α-glucosidase inhibitor: a double-blinded randomized crossover trial. Osteoporos Int 2021; 32:1379-1386. [PMID: 33432459 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-020-05791-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED When taken with a meal, α-glucosidase inhibitors (α-GI) reduce the rise in postprandial glucose and increase glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and this may lower bone turnover. In this study, a salacinol-type α-GI increased GLP-1 and markedly reduced postprandial bone resorption compared to placebo, suggesting it could have implications for bone health. INTRODUCTION Animal and clinical trials indicate that α-glucosidase inhibitors attenuate postprandial glycemic indices and increase secretion of GLP-1. In addition, GLP-1 acts on bone by inhibiting resorption. The goal in this study was to determine if a salacinol α-GI alters postprandial bone turnover and can be explained by changes in serum GLP-1. METHODS In this double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study, healthy overweight/obese adults (body mass index 29.0 ± 3.8 kg/m2; 21-59 years; n = 21) received a fixed breakfast and, in random order, were administered Salacia chinensis (SC; 500 mg) or placebo. A fasting blood sample was taken before and at regular intervals for 3 h after the meal. Serum was measured for bone turnover markers, C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) and osteocalcin, and for glycemic indices and gut peptides. RESULTS Compared to placebo, SC attenuated the bone resorption marker, CTX, at 60, 90, and 120 min (p < 0.05) after the meal, and decreased osteocalcin, at 180 min (p < 0.05). As expected, SC attenuated the postprandial rise in glucose compared with placebo, whereas GLP-1 was increased at 60 min (p < 0.05) with SC. Serum GLP-1 explained 41% of the variance for change in postprandial CTX (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION This study indicates that attenuating postprandial glycemic indices, with an α-GI, markedly decreases postprandial bone resorption and can be explained by the rise in GLP-1. Future studies should determine whether longer term α-GI use benefits bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kreitman
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley RD, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - S H Schneider
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
- NJ-Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - L Hao
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley RD, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
- NJ-Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Y Schlussel
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley RD, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - N T Bello
- NJ-Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - S A Shapses
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley RD, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
- NJ-Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
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Zayapor MN, Abdullah A, Wan Mustapha WA. The antioxidant analysis and α-glucosidase inhibition activities of spices and herbs (22 species) in Asian traditional beverages. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-020-00766-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Effects of alpha-glucosidase-inhibiting drugs on acute postprandial glucose and insulin responses: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Diabetes 2021; 11:11. [PMID: 33658478 PMCID: PMC7930031 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-021-00152-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/objectives Despite considerable literature supporting the potential health benefits of reducing postprandial glucose (PPG), and insulin (PPI) exposures, the size of a clinically relevant reduction is currently unknown. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify effects of alpha-glucosidase-inhibiting (AGI) drugs on acute PPG and PPI responses. Methods We searched EMBASE and MEDLINE until March 13, 2018 for controlled studies using AGI drugs together with a standardized carbohydrate load or mixed meal. The mean incremental PPG and PPI levels were calculated as outcomes. Meta-analyses, stratified by diabetes state, were performed by using random effects models. Results The 66 included publications comprised 127 drug-control comparisons for PPG, and 106 for PPI, mostly testing acarbose or miglitol. The absolute effects on PPG were larger among individuals with diabetes (−1.5 mmol/l mean PPG [95% CI −1.9, −1.1] by acarbose, and −1.6 [−1.9, −1.4] by miglitol) as compared to individuals without diabetes (−0.4 [95% CI −0.5, −0.3] by acarbose, and −0.6 [−0.8, −0.4] by miglitol). Relative reductions in PPG by both drugs were similar for diabetic and non-diabetic individuals (43−54%). Acarbose and miglitol also significantly reduced mean PPI, with absolute and relative reductions being largest among individuals without diabetes. Conclusions The present meta-analyses provide quantitative estimates of reductions of PPG and PPI responses by AGI drugs in diabetes and non-diabetic individuals. These data can serve as benchmarks for clinically relevant reductions in PPG and PPI via drug or diet and lifestyle interventions.
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Li L, Zou X, Huang Q, Han X, Zhou X, Ji L. Do East Asians With Normal Glucose Tolerance Have Worse β-Cell Function? A Meta-Analysis of Epidemiological Studies. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:780557. [PMID: 34917033 PMCID: PMC8669805 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.780557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The difference in the relationship between β-cell function and insulin resistance among Africans, Caucasians and East Asians with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) was not well investigated. METHODS We searched PubMed and Web of Science with keywords and identified studies that used the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) model to evaluate β-cell function (HOMA-B) and insulin sensitivity/resistance (HOMA-S/HOMA-IR) in certain ethnic groups. We used random-effect model to pool data of HOMAs and compared the combined data among the three ethnic groups using subgroup analysis. Linear regression analysis was used to estimate the coefficient of HOMA-S on HOMA-B in these ethnic groups. RESULTS We evaluated pooled data of HOMAs in eight African, 26 Caucasian, and 84 East Asian cohorts with NGT, and also 2,392, 6,645 and 67,317 individuals, respectively. The three ethnic groups had distinct HOMA-B but similar HOMA-IR. The regression coefficient of lnHOMA-B on lnHOMA-S was different between Africans and Caucasians (-1.126 vs -0.401, P = 0.0006) or East Asian (-1.126 vs -0.586, P = 0.0087), but similar between Caucasians and East Asians (-0.401 vs -0.586, P = 0.1282). The coefficient in all ethnic groups was similar when age, BMI, and gender were adjusted (African vs Caucasian P = 0.0885, African vs East Asian P = 0.1092, and Caucasian vs East Asian P = 0.6298). CONCLUSIONS In subjects with NGT, East Asians had lower HOMA-B but similar β-cell response relative to insulin resistance with Caucasians and Africans when age, BMI, and gender were controlled. This result may challenge the allegation that there was an Asian-specific diabetes phenotype with worse β-cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Linong Ji
- *Correspondence: Xiantong Zou, ; Linong Ji,
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Integrated metabolomics and ligand fishing approaches to screen the hypoglycemic ingredients from four Coptis medicines. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 192:113655. [PMID: 33045623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Rhizoma Coptidis, which is mainly originated from the rhizomes of Coptis chinensis, C. deltoidea, C. omeiensis and C. teeta, has been proved to possess a superior anti-diabetic effect in clinic. However, the metabolic characterization and the hypoglycemic ingredients among these Coptis species remain unclear. In this study, we employed an integrated strategy to screen the bioactive ingredients based on metabolomics and ligand fishing approaches. First, the ultra high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadruple time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) was used for qualitative identification of four Coptis rhizomes. After prescreening by α-glucosidase inhibition assay, an affinity ultrafiltration system was constructed to fish out hypoglycemic ingredients from the fractions with superior activity, and verified by molecular docking on a virtual platform. The distribution of major compounds suggested the four Coptis rhizomes possess similar metabolic profiles, mainly including alkaloids and phenylpropanoids. Besides, eight compounds (magnoflorine, groenlandicine, jatrorrhizine, epiberberine, columbamine, coptisine, palmatine and berberine) from the n-butanol fraction were specifically bound to α-glucosidase, and considered as hypoglycemic ingredients of Rhizoma Coptidis. Molecular docking revealed that the inhibitors bound to α-glucosidase mainly by hydrophobic interaction, hydrogen bond interaction and π-π interaction. Summary, this research leads a more systematic and comprehensive study on metabolic characterization and hypoglycemic ingredients of Rhizoma Coptidis, which can provide a theoretical basis for the further clinical application.
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Liu Y, Zhang J, Guo H, Zhao A, Shao D, Dong Z, Sun Y, Fan Y, Yang F, Li P, Mao S, Zhong W, Ren Z, Wang H, Zhang Y, Wang P. Effects of mulberry leaf and white kidney bean extract mix on postprandial glycaemic control in pre-diabetic subjects aged 45–65 years: a randomized controlled trial. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Singh AK, Singh R. Cardiovascular outcomes with SGLT-2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonist in Asians with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cardiovascular outcome trials. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2020; 14:715-722. [PMID: 32470852 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Both type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular (CV) disease develops at a younger age in Asians and often have a higher risk of mortality. Both sodium-glucose co-transport-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2Is) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have shown a significant reduction in CV end-points in CV outcome trials (CVOTs). Whether similar CV benefit exists in Asians, is not yet clearly known. METHODS We systematically searched relevant medical database up to January 31, 2020 and retrieved all the dedicated CVOTs conducted with SGLT-2Is and GLP-1RAs. Subsequently, we meta-analyzed the pooled data of hazard ratio (HR) of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in Asians. We additionally analyzed the data of heart failure hospitalization (HHF) or CV-death with SGLT-2Is in Asians. RESULTS The meta-analysis of three CVOTs conducted with SGLT-2Is (N = 4987), did not find any significant reduction in MACE (HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.67 to 1.15; P = 0.35) and HHF or CV-death (HR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.55 to 1.36; P = 0.53) in Asians, compared to the placebo. In contrast, the meta-analysis of seven CVOTs conducted with GLP-1RAs (N = 4298) demonstrated a significant reduction in MACE, compared to the placebo (HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.59 to 0.86; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis found a significant reduction in MACE with GLP-1RAs but not with SGLT-2Is in Asians. No significant reduction in HHF or CV-death demonstrated either with SGLT-2Is in Asians. Whether these results are related to an inadequate statistical power, or due to underrepresentation of Asians, or a true ethnic difference, remains to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ritu Singh
- G.D Hospital & Diabetes Institute, Kolkata, India
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Nowrouzi-Sohrabi P, Tabrizi R, Rezaei S, Jafari F, Hessami K, Abedi M, Jalali M, Keshavarzi P, Shahabi S, Kolahi AA, Carson-Chahhoud K, Sahebkar A, Safiri S. The effect of voglibose on metabolic profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:104988. [PMID: 32504833 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effect of voglibose on metabolic homeostasis is not well characterized. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials assessing the effect of voglibose on metabolic profile in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS Systematic searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Google Scholar, Web of Science and Cochrane Library to identify clinical trials assessing the effects of voglibose supplementation on cardio-metabolic profile from incept up to 29 July 2019. Data was pooled using fixed- or random-effect models and weighted mean difference (WMD) as the effect size. RESULTS Eight clinical trials from 1094 reports, were eligible for inclusion. Pooled findings identified significant reductions in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (WMD= -0.27; 95 %CI -0.49 to -0.05; P = 0.01; I2 = 64.8 %) and an increase in LDL-cholesterol levels (WMD=5.97 mg/dl, 95 % CI 0.88, 11.06, P = 0.02; I2 = 0.0 %). However, no evidence of effect for voglibose intake on T2DM patients was observed for: fasting blood sugar (FBS) (WMD -7.43 mg/dl; 95 %CI -16.56 to 1.71; P = 0.110; I2 = 69.3 %), serum insulin (WMD= -0.15 μU/mL; 95 %CI -0.89 to 0.60; P = 0.70; I2 = 0.0 %), total-cholesterol (WMD=2.82 mg/dl, 95 %CI -2.36 to 8.01, P = 0.70; I2 = 49.7 %), triglycerides (WMD= -7.07 mg/dl, 95 %CI -21.76 to 7.62, P = 0.34; I2 = 0.0 %), HDL-cholesterol levels (WMD= -2.10 mg/dl, 95 %CI -4.48 to 0.27, P = 0.08; I2 = 0.0 %,), body mass index (BMI) (WMD=0.09 kg/m2, 95 %CI -0.70 to 0.87; P = 0.87; I2 = 0.0 %), body weight (WMD= -0.42 kg, 95 %CI -0.84 to 0.00; P = 0.05; I2 = 0.0 %), and adiponectin levels (WMD = 0.32 μg/mL, 95 %CI -0.74 to 1.38; P = 0.55; I2 = 0.0 %). CONCLUSIONS The current meta-analysis identified a decrease in HbA1c and an increase in LDL-cholesterol with administration of voglibose. However, no significant effect was observed on FBS, insulin, bodyweight, BMI, adiponectin, triglycerides, total- and HDL-cholesterol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Nowrouzi-Sohrabi
- Department of Biochemistry, Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Tabrizi
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shahla Rezaei
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Jafari
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kamran Hessami
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Research Center, Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Abedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Jalali
- Nutrition Research Center, Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Pedram Keshavarzi
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeed Shahabi
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Asghar Kolahi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kristin Carson-Chahhoud
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Australia
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Saeid Safiri
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Biocompatible fungal chitosan encapsulated phytogenic silver nanoparticles enhanced antidiabetic, antioxidant and antibacterial activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 153:63-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Usman B, Sharma N, Satija S, Mehta M, Vyas M, Khatik GL, Khurana N, Hansbro PM, Williams K, Dua K. Recent Developments in Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors for Management of Type-2 Diabetes: An Update. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:2510-2525. [PMID: 31333110 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190717104547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of diabetes has increased globally in recent years and figures of diabetic patients were estimated to rise up to 642 million by 2040. The disorder is accompanied with various complications if not managed at the early stages, and interlinked high mortality rate and morbidity with time. Different classes of drugs are available for the management of type 2 diabetes but were having certain limitations of their safety. Alphaglucosidase is a family of enzyme originated from the pancreas which plays a role in the anabolism of 80-90% of carbohydrate consumed into glucose. This glucose is absorbed into the blood and results in frank postprandial hyperglycemia and worsens the conditions of diabetic patients which precipitate complications. Inhibition of these enzymes helps to prevent postprandial hyperglycemia and the formation of glycated end products. Alphaglucosidase inhibitors are reported to be more important in adequate control of type 2, but marketed drugs have various side effects, such as poor patient compliance and also expensive. This proves the needs for other class of drugs with better efficacy, safety, patient compliance and economic. In this review, we have emphasized the recent advances in the field of new alpha-glucosidase inhibitors with improved safety and pharmacological profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashir Usman
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road (NH-1), Phagwara, Punjab (144411), India
| | - Neha Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road (NH-1), Phagwara, Punjab (144411), India
| | - Saurabh Satija
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road (NH-1), Phagwara, Punjab (144411), India
| | - Meenu Mehta
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road (NH-1), Phagwara, Punjab (144411), India
| | - Manish Vyas
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road (NH-1), Phagwara, Punjab (144411), India
| | - Gopal L Khatik
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road (NH-1), Phagwara, Punjab (144411), India
| | - Navneet Khurana
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road (NH-1), Phagwara, Punjab (144411), India
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo NSW 2007, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Kylie Williams
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo NSW 2007, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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Thaipitakwong T, Supasyndh O, Rasmi Y, Aramwit P. A randomized controlled study of dose-finding, efficacy, and safety of mulberry leaves on glycemic profiles in obese persons with borderline diabetes. Complement Ther Med 2020; 49:102292. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2019.102292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Chen Y, Li Q, Han Y, Ji H, Gu M, Bian R, Ding W, Cheng J, Mu Y. Vildagliptin Versus α-Glucosidase Inhibitor as Add-On to Metformin for Type 2 Diabetes: Subgroup Analysis of the China Prospective Diabetes Study. Diabetes Ther 2020; 11:247-257. [PMID: 31823167 PMCID: PMC6965535 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-019-00742-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The effect of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DDP-4) inhibitors versus α-glucosidase inhibitors (AGIs) on the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a real-world setting is unknown. The aim of this real-world study was to compare the glucose-lowering effect and tolerability of vildagliptin as add-on to metformin monotherapy (VM) and AGI as add-on to metformin monotherapy (AM) in Chinese patients with T2DM. METHODS This was a subgroup analysis of the China Prospective Diabetes Study, a post-marketing, prospective, observational, real-world study conducted at 52 centers in China. T2DM patients with inadequate glycemic control on metformin monotherapy who received VM or AM were included. The composite primary endpoint was glycemic control (hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] < 7%) after 12 months in the absence of tolerability events (hypoglycemia, weight gain ≥ 3%, or gastrointestinal events leading to treatment discontinuation). Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance the two groups. RESULTS The success rates of the composite endpoint were higher in the VM group (n = 604/159 before/after PSM) than in the AM group (n = 159/157 before/after PSM), but the difference was not statistically significant (before PSM: 53.0 vs. 46.5%, P = 0.148; after PSM: 56.7 vs. 45.9%, P = 0.055). The glycemic control rate and HbA1c reduction were similar between groups at 3, 6, and 12 months. Compared with the AM group, the VM group had lower risks of any tolerability event (relative risk [RR] 0.53, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.33-0.83, P = 0.006), of any adverse event (AE) (RR 0.64, 95% CI 0.41-1.00, P = 0.049), and of any serious AE (RR 0.45, 95% CI 0.25-0.81, P = 0.007). CONCLUSION The results of this real-world study suggest that vildagliptin as add-on to metformin monotherapy had a similar glucose-lowering effect to AGI as add-on to metformin monotherapy, but with better safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Quanmin Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Rocket Army Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Endocrinology, Tianjin Haibin People's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongmei Ji
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mingjun Gu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongwen Bian
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Official Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiguang Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, Tianjin NanKai Santan Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Yiming Mu
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Goyal RK, Cristofaro V, Sullivan MP. Rapid gastric emptying in diabetes mellitus: Pathophysiology and clinical importance. J Diabetes Complications 2019; 33:107414. [PMID: 31439470 PMCID: PMC7707148 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2019.107414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Although slow gastric emptying (gastroparesis) is a well-known complication of chronic hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus (DM), it recently has become clear that rapid gastric emptying also is a frequent and important diabetic complication. In contrast, acute hyperglycemia causes slow gastric emptying, and acute hypoglycemia causes rapid gastric emptying. Rapid gastric emptying is frequent in T2DM; however, it may also occur in T1DM, particularly in the early stages of the disease, but may persist even into late stages. Recent studies suggest that usually, the stomach restricts the emptying of nutrients to 1-4 kcals/min. This restriction is due to the action of the gastric 'braking' hormones such as GLP-1, leptin, and amylin acting via the gastric inhibitory vagal motor circuit (GIVMC). Disruption of this braking system leads to rapid gastric emptying. Acute hyperglycemia also slows gastric emptying by stimulating the GIVMC, while acute hypoglycemia causes rapid gastric emptying by stimulating the gastric excitatory vagal motor circuit (GEVMC). In contrast, chronic hyperglycemia causes rapid gastric emptying by inducing oxidative stress in the stomach wall that disrupts inhibitory neuromuscular transmission and increases the contractility of the smooth muscle, while chronic hyperglycemia may also cause slow gastric emptying via severe inflammatory stress caused by proinflammatory macrophages and reduce contractility of the smooth muscle. There is a bidirectional relationship between blood glucose and gastric emptying. Thus, rapid gastric emptying may lead to a sizeable postprandial spike, and slow gastric emptying may blunt it. Postprandial hyperglycemia is involved in the development, progression, and complications of DM. Correction of fast gastric emptying involves agents that activate GIVMC and the use of gastric 'braking' hormones or their analogs. Recognition and treatment of rapid gastric emptying may contribute to better management of postprandial hyperglycemia and prevention of some diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj K Goyal
- Departments of Medicine and Surgery, VA Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America.
| | - Vivian Cristofaro
- Departments of Medicine and Surgery, VA Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Maryrose P Sullivan
- Departments of Medicine and Surgery, VA Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
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Lee E, Miedzybrodzka EL, Zhang X, Hatano R, Miyamoto J, Kimura I, Fujimoto K, Uematsu S, Rodriguez-Cuenca S, Vidal-Puig A, Gribble FM, Reimann F, Miki T. Diet-Induced Obese Mice and Leptin-Deficient Lepob/ob Mice Exhibit Increased Circulating GIP Levels Produced by Different Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184448. [PMID: 31509948 PMCID: PMC6769670 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
As glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) possesses pro-adipogenic action, the suppression of the GIP hypersecretion seen in obesity might represent a novel therapeutic approach to the treatment of obesity. However, the mechanism of GIP hypersecretion remains largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated GIP secretion in two mouse models of obesity: High-fat diet-induced obese (DIO) mice and leptin-deficient Lepob/ob mice. In DIO mice, plasma GIP was increased along with an increase in GIP mRNA expression in the lower small intestine. Despite the robust alteration in the gut microbiome in DIO mice, co-administration of maltose and the α-glucosidase inhibitor (α-GI) miglitol induced the microbiome-mediated suppression of GIP secretion. The plasma GIP levels of Lepob/ob mice were also elevated and were suppressed by fat transplantation. The GIP mRNA expression in fat tissue was not increased in Lepob/ob mice, while the expression of an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) was increased. Fat transplantation suppressed the expression of IL-1Ra. The plasma IL-1Ra levels were positively correlated with the plasma GIP levels. Accordingly, although circulating GIP levels are increased in both DIO and Lepob/ob mice, the underlying mechanisms differ, and the anti-obesity actions of α-GIs and leptin sensitizers may be mediated partly by the suppression of GIP secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunyoung Lee
- Department of Medical Physiology, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Emily L Miedzybrodzka
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Xilin Zhang
- Department of Medical Physiology, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Ryo Hatano
- Department of Medical Physiology, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Junki Miyamoto
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Ikuo Kimura
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Kosuke Fujimoto
- Department of Immunology and Genomics, Osaka City University School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
- Division of Innate Immune Regulation, International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku 108-8639, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Uematsu
- Department of Immunology and Genomics, Osaka City University School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
- Division of Innate Immune Regulation, International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku 108-8639, Japan.
| | - Sergio Rodriguez-Cuenca
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Fiona M Gribble
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Frank Reimann
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Takashi Miki
- Department of Medical Physiology, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
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Treatment response between Asian and non-Asian patients with type 2 diabetes: is there any similarity or difference? Chin Med J (Engl) 2019; 132:1-3. [PMID: 30628952 PMCID: PMC6629298 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000000012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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Li Z, Zhao L, Yu L, Yang J. Head-to-Head Comparison of the Hypoglycemic Efficacy and Safety Between Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors and α-Glucosidase Inhibitors in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:777. [PMID: 31354492 PMCID: PMC6635585 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The α-glucosidase inhibitors (AGIs) are commonly prescribed in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but with a high incidence of gastrointestinal side effects. This study was aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors and AGIs in T2DM patients in a meta-analysis. Methods: Randomized controlled trials were identified via systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane’s Library databases from inception to February, 2019. Meta-analyses were performed via a random or a fixed effect model according to the heterogeneity. Results: Eighteen studies with a total of 4,051 patients with T2DM were included. The DPP4 inhibitors were associated with lower reduction of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) as compared with AGIs [weighed mean difference (WMD): −0.37%, p < 0.001]. Subgroup analyses indicated that the benefit of DPP4 inhibitors as compared with AGIs on HbA1c were independent of study design, scale, baseline HbA1c, with or without concurrent medications, or follow-up durations. Moreover, compared to AGIs, DPP4 inhibitors was associated with lower reductions of fasting blood glucose (WMD: −0.53 mmol/L, P < 0.001) and postprandial glucose at 2h (WMD: −0.60 mmol/L, P = 0.04), moderately increased body weight (WMD: 0.34 kg, P = 0.02), and decreased risk of gastrointestinal adverse events [risk ratio (RR): 0.48, P < 0.001], but unaffected risk of symptomatic hypoglycemia (RR: 0.96, P = 0.90). Conclusions: The DPP4 inhibitors are superior to AGIs in T2DM patients for better glycemic control and lower risks of gastrointestinal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoliang Li
- Department of Endocrinology, the Central Hospital of Tai'an City, Tai'an, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, the Central Hospital of Tai'an City, Tai'an, China
| | - Leilei Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, the Central Hospital of Tai'an City, Tai'an, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, the Central Hospital of Tai'an City, Tai'an, China
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Pappachan JM, Fernandez CJ, Chacko EC. Diabesity and antidiabetic drugs. Mol Aspects Med 2019; 66:3-12. [PMID: 30391234 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of "diabesity" - diabetes related to obesity - has increased tremendously over the past few decades because of the global obesity epidemic. Although bariatric surgery is the best treatment option for patients with diabesity, a majority of patients are managed only with antidiabetic drugs for various reasons. Diabetes control with antidiabetic agents may affect diabesity outcomes positively or negatively because of their effects on body weight and other metabolic parameters. For this reason, rational use of anti-diabetic medications is imperative to optimise long-term management of diabesity. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of antidiabetic drugs and/or drug combinations on diabesity outcomes are therefore important not only for the basic scientists but also for clinicians. This review explores the molecular signalling cascades of antidiabetic medications in the management of diabesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Pappachan
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes& Metabolism, Pilgrim Hospital, United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust, LE21 9QS, United Kingdom.
| | - Cornelius J Fernandez
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes& Metabolism, Pilgrim Hospital, United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust, LE21 9QS, United Kingdom
| | - Elias C Chacko
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Jersey Hospital, Jersey, JE1 4SE, United Kingdom
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Zhang H, Zhang X, Jiang H, Xu C, Tong S, Yan J. Screening and identification of α-glucosidase inhibitors from Shenqi Jiangtang Granule by ultrafiltration liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2017; 41:797-805. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou China
| | - Huijie Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou China
| | - Cong Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou China
| | - Shengqiang Tong
- College of Pharmaceutical Science; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou China
| | - Jizhong Yan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou China
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