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Fu C, Zhou KY, Hu Y, Zhang YF, Fu SJ. The effects of the predictability of acclimatory temperature on the growth and thermal tolerance of juvenile Spinibarbus sinensis. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2024; 295:111652. [PMID: 38703990 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Heated effluent injection, cold hypolimnetic water inputs from dams, and extreme weather events can lead to unpredictable temperature fluctuations in natural waters, impacting fish performance and fitness. We hypothesized that fish exposed to such unpredictable fluctuations would exhibit weaker growth and enhanced thermal tolerance compared to predictable conditions. Qingbo (Spinibarbus sinensis) was selected as the experimental subject in this study. The qingbo were divided into a constant temperature group (C, 22 ± 0.5 °C), a predictable temperature fluctuation group (PF, 22 ± 4 °C, first warming, then cooling within a day) and an unpredictable temperature fluctuation group (UF, 22 ± 4 °C, the order of warming or cooling is random). After 40 days of temperature acclimation, the growth, metabolic rate, spontaneous activity, thermal tolerance, plasma cortisol concentration and liver hsp70 level of the fish were measured. Unexpectedly, neither the PF nor the UF group showed decreased growth compared to the C group. This could be attributed to the fact that temperature variation did not lead to a substantial increase in basic energy expenditure. Furthermore, feeding rates increased due to temperature fluctuations, although the difference was not significant. Both the PF and UF groups exhibited increased upper thermal tolerance, but only the UF group exhibited improved lower thermal tolerance and higher liver hsp70 levels compared to the C group. The qingbo that experienced unpredictable temperature fluctuations had the best thermal tolerance among the 3 groups, which might have occurred because they had the highest level of hsp70 expression. This may safeguard fish against the potential lethal consequences of extreme temperatures in the future. These findings suggested that qingbo exhibited excellent adaptability to both predictable and unpredictable temperature fluctuations, which may be associated with frequent temperature fluctuations in its natural habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Fu
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Physiology and Behavior, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Freshwater Fishes, Animal Biology Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Ke-Ying Zhou
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Physiology and Behavior, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Freshwater Fishes, Animal Biology Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Physiology and Behavior, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Freshwater Fishes, Animal Biology Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yong-Fei Zhang
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Physiology and Behavior, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Freshwater Fishes, Animal Biology Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Shi-Jian Fu
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Physiology and Behavior, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Freshwater Fishes, Animal Biology Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China.
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2
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Brown S, Rivard GR, Gibson G, Currie S. Warming, stochastic diel thermal fluctuations affect physiological performance and gill plasticity in an amphibious mangrove fish. J Exp Biol 2024; 227:jeb246726. [PMID: 38904077 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.246726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Natural temperature variation in many marine ecosystems is stochastic and unpredictable, and climate change models indicate that this thermal irregularity is likely to increase. Temperature acclimation may be more challenging when conditions are highly variable and stochastic, and there is a need for empirical physiological data in these thermal environments. Using the hermaphroditic, amphibious mangrove rivulus (Kryptolebias marmoratus), we hypothesized that compared with regular, warming diel thermal fluctuations, stochastic warm fluctuations would negatively affect physiological performance. To test this, we acclimated fish to: (1) non-stochastic and (2) stochastic thermal fluctuations with a similar thermal load (27-35°C), and (3) a stable/consistent control temperature at the low end of the cycle (27°C). We determined that fecundity was reduced in both cycles, with reproduction ceasing in stochastic thermal environments. Fish acclimated to non-stochastic thermal cycles had growth rates lower than those of control fish. Exposure to warm, fluctuating cycles did not affect emersion temperature, and only regular diel cycles modestly increased critical thermal tolerance. We predicted that warm diel cycling temperatures would increase gill surface area. Notably, fish acclimated to either thermal cycle had a reduced gill surface area and increased intralamellar cell mass when compared with control fish. This decreased gill surface area with warming contrasts with what is observed for exclusively aquatic fish and suggests a preparatory gill response for emersion in these amphibious fish. Collectively, our data reveal the importance of considering stochastic thermal variability when studying the effects of temperature on fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Brown
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, Nova Scotia, B4P 2R6, Canada
| | - Gabrielle R Rivard
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, Nova Scotia, B4P 2R6, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Brunswick Saint John, New Brunswick, E2L 4L5, Canada
| | - Glenys Gibson
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, Nova Scotia, B4P 2R6, Canada
| | - Suzanne Currie
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, Nova Scotia, B4P 2R6, Canada
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3
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Verhille CE, MacDonald M, Noble B, Demorest G, Roche A, Frazier K, Albertson LK. Thermal tolerance of giant salmonfly nymphs ( Pteronarcys californica) varies across populations in a regulated river. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 12:coae043. [PMID: 38974500 PMCID: PMC11225080 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coae043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Warming of aquatic ecosystems is transforming the distribution, phenology and growth of the organisms dependent upon these ecosystems. Aquatic insects such as stoneflies are especially vulnerable to warming because the aquatic nymph stage of their life cycle depends on cool, well-oxygenated, flowing water habitat. We tracked thermal effects on available aerobic capacity of the aquatic nymph stage of an iconic and vulnerable stonefly species, the giant salmonfly (Pteronarcys californica), to compare habitat thermal regime measurements for two salmonfly populations from habitats separated by a gradient in summer weekly maximum temperatures. Contrary to expectations, the thermal optima range of the warmer habitat population was cooler than for the cooler habitat population. We posit that this unexpected interpopulation variation in thermal response is more strongly driven by diel and seasonal thermal variability than by the highest summer temperatures experienced within respective habitats. Additionally, we show that summer daily maximum temperatures could result in periodic limits in available aerobic capacity to support work of the warmer habitat nymphs and may be the mechanism underlying reduced abundance relative to the upstream cooler habitat population. Our findings provide insight into potential thermal and metabolic mechanisms that could regulate the success of ecological and culturally important aquatic insect species experiencing global change. We conclude that thermal regimes and thermal variation, not just mean and maximum temperatures, are critical drivers of aquatic insect responses to water temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael MacDonald
- Department of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Ben Noble
- Department of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Gavin Demorest
- Department of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Alzada Roche
- Department of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Kayleigh Frazier
- Department of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
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4
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Belding LD, Thorstensen MJ, Quijada-Rodriguez AR, Bugg WS, Yoon GR, Loeppky AR, Allen GJP, Schoen AN, Earhart ML, Brandt C, Ali JL, Weihrauch D, Jeffries KM, Anderson WG. Integrated organismal responses induced by projected levels of CO 2 and temperature exposures in the early life stages of lake sturgeon. Mol Ecol 2024; 33:e17432. [PMID: 38887831 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Atmospheric CO2 and temperature are rising concurrently, and may have profound impacts on the transcriptional, physiological and behavioural responses of aquatic organisms. Further, spring snowmelt may cause transient increases of pCO2 in many freshwater systems. We examined the behavioural, physiological and transcriptomic responses of an ancient fish, the lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) to projected levels of warming and pCO2 during its most vulnerable period of life, the first year. Specifically, larval fish were raised in either low (16°C) or high (22°C) temperature, and/or low (1000 μatm) or high (2500 μatm) pCO2 in a crossed experimental design over approximately 8 months. Following overwintering, lake sturgeon were exposed to a transient increase in pCO2 of 10,000 μatm, simulating a spring melt based on data in freshwater systems. Transcriptional analyses revealed potential connections to otolith formation and reduced growth in fish exposed to high pCO2 and temperature in combination. Network analyses of differential gene expression revealed different biological processes among the different treatments on the edges of transcriptional networks. Na+/K+-ATPase activity increased in fish not exposed to elevated pCO2 during development, and mRNA abundance of the β subunit was most strongly predictive of enzyme activity. Behavioural assays revealed a decrease in total activity following an acute CO2 exposure. These results demonstrate compensatory and compounding mechanisms of pCO2 and warming dependent on developmental conditions in lake sturgeon. Conserved elements of the cellular stress response across all organisms provide key information for how other freshwater organisms may respond to future climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke D Belding
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Matt J Thorstensen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - William S Bugg
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Pacific Salmon Foundation, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gwangseok R Yoon
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alison R Loeppky
- Ecology and Environmental Impact, WSP Canada Inc., Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Garrett J P Allen
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Alexandra N Schoen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Madison L Earhart
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Jennifer L Ali
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Dirk Weihrauch
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Kenneth M Jeffries
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - W Gary Anderson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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5
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Brans V, Manzi F, Jacob S, Schtickzelle N. Demography and movement patterns of a freshwater ciliate: The influence of oxygen availability. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11291. [PMID: 38660468 PMCID: PMC11040103 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In freshwater habitats, aerobic animals and microorganisms can react to oxygen deprivation by a series of behavioural and physiological changes, either as a direct consequence of hindered performance or as adaptive responses towards hypoxic conditions. Since oxygen availability can vary throughout the water column, different strategies exist to avoid hypoxia, including that of active 'flight' from low-oxygen sites. Alternatively, some organisms may invest in slower movement, saving energy until conditions return to more favourable levels, which may be described as a 'sit-and-wait' strategy. Here, we aimed to determine which, if any, of these strategies could be used by the freshwater ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila when faced with decreasing levels of oxygen availability in the culture medium. We manipulated oxygen flux into clonal cultures of six strains (i.e. genotypes) and followed their growth kinetics for several weeks using automated image analysis, allowing to precisely quantify changes in density, morphology and movement patterns. Oxygen effects on demography and morphology were comparable across strains: reducing oxygen flux decreased the growth rate and maximal density of experimental cultures, while greatly expanding the duration of their stationary phase. Cells sampled during their exponential growth phase were larger and had a more elongated shape under hypoxic conditions, likely mirroring a shift in resource investment towards individual development rather than frequent divisions. In addition to these general patterns, we found evidence for intraspecific variability in movement responses to oxygen limitation. Some strains showed a reduction in swimming speed, potentially associated with a 'sit-and-wait' strategy; however, the frequent alteration of movement paths towards more linear trajectories also suggests the existence of an inducible 'flight response' in this species. Considering the inherent costs of turns associated with non-linear movement, such a strategy may allow ciliates to escape suboptimal environments at a low energetic cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Brans
- Biodiversity Research Centre, Earth and Life InstituteUniversité catholique de LouvainLouvain‐la‐NeuveBelgium
| | - Florent Manzi
- Biodiversity Research Centre, Earth and Life InstituteUniversité catholique de LouvainLouvain‐la‐NeuveBelgium
| | - Staffan Jacob
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (UAR2029)MoulisFrance
| | - Nicolas Schtickzelle
- Biodiversity Research Centre, Earth and Life InstituteUniversité catholique de LouvainLouvain‐la‐NeuveBelgium
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6
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Perry WB. They grow up so fast, especially when global warming is concerned. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2024; 104:507. [PMID: 38488478 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
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7
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Mohamad S, Rahmah S, Zainuddin RA, A Thallib Y, Razali RS, Jalilah M, Abd Ghaffar M, Lim LS, Chang YM, Qun Liang L, Das SK, Chen YM, Liew HJ. Hoven's carp Leptobarbus hoevenii strategized metabolism needs to cope with changing environment. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25559. [PMID: 38404778 PMCID: PMC10884815 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Current water warming and freshwater acidification undoubtedly affect the life of aquatic animals especially ammonotelic teleost by altering their physiological responses. The effect of temperature (28 °C vs 32 °C) and pH (7 vs. 5) on the metabolic compromising strategies of Hoven's carp (Leptobarbus hoevenii) was investigated in this study. Fishes were conditioned to (i) 28 °C + pH 7 (N28°C); (ii) 32 °C + pH 7 (N32°C); (iii) 28 °C + pH 5 (L28°C) and (iv) 32 °C + pH 5 (L32°C) for 20 days followed by osmorespiration assay. Results showed that feeding performance of Hoven's carp was significantly depressed when exposed to low pH conditions (L28°C and L32°C). However, by exposed Hoven's carp to L32°C induced high metabolic oxygen intake and ammonia excretion to about 2x-folds higher compared to the control group. As for energy mobilization, Hoven's carp mobilized liver and muscle protein under L28°C condition. Whereas under high temperature in both pH, Hoven's carp had the tendency to reserve energy in both of liver and muscle. The findings of this study revealed that Hoven's carp is sensitive to lower water pH and high temperature, thereby they remodeled their physiological needs to cope with the environmental changes condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhaini Mohamad
- Higher Institution Center of Excellence (HICOE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
| | - Sharifah Rahmah
- Higher Institution Center of Excellence (HICOE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
- Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
| | - Rabiatul Adawiyyah Zainuddin
- Higher Institution Center of Excellence (HICOE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
| | - Yusnita A Thallib
- Higher Institution Center of Excellence (HICOE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
| | - Ros Suhaida Razali
- Higher Institution Center of Excellence (HICOE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Jalilah
- Higher Institution Center of Excellence (HICOE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
| | - Mazlan Abd Ghaffar
- Higher Institution Center of Excellence (HICOE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
| | - Leong-Seng Lim
- Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Yu Mei Chang
- Heilongjiang Province's Key Laboratory of Fish Stress Resistance Breeding and Germplasm Characteristics on Special Habitats, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Harbin, China
| | - Li Qun Liang
- Heilongjiang Province's Key Laboratory of Fish Stress Resistance Breeding and Germplasm Characteristics on Special Habitats, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Harbin, China
| | - Simon Kumar Das
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, National University of Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- Marine Ecosystem Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, National University of Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Young-Mao Chen
- Marine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
- Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Hon Jung Liew
- Higher Institution Center of Excellence (HICOE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
- Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
- Heilongjiang Province's Key Laboratory of Fish Stress Resistance Breeding and Germplasm Characteristics on Special Habitats, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Harbin, China
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8
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Andrew S, Swart S, McKenna S, Morissette J, Gillis CA, Linnansaari T, Currie S, Morash AJ. The impacts of diel thermal variability on growth, development and performance of wild Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar) from two thermally distinct rivers. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 12:coae007. [PMID: 38487731 PMCID: PMC10939361 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coae007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Temperature in many natural aquatic environments follows a diel cycle, but to date, we know little on how diel thermal cycles affect fish biology. The current study investigates the growth, development and physiological performance of wild Atlantic salmon collected from the Miramichi and Restigouche rivers (NB, Canada). Fish were collected as parr and acclimated to either 16-21 or 19-24°C diel thermal cycles throughout the parr and smolt life stages. Both Miramichi and Restigouche Atlantic salmon parr grew at similar rates during 16-21 or 19-24°C acclimations. However, as smolts, the growth rates of the Miramichi (-8% body mass day-1) and Restigouche (-38% body mass day-1) fish were significantly slower at 19-24°C, and were in fact negative, indicating loss of mass in this group. Acclimation to 19-24°C also increased Atlantic salmon CTmax. Our findings suggest that both life stage and river origin impact Atlantic salmon growth and performance in the thermal range used herein. These findings provide evidence for local adaptation of Atlantic salmon, increased vulnerability to warming temperatures, and highlight the differential impacts of these ecologically relevant diel thermal cycles on the juvenile life stages in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Andrew
- Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, 62 York St., Sackville, NB E4L 1G7, Canada
| | - Sula Swart
- Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, 62 York St., Sackville, NB E4L 1G7, Canada
| | - Stephanie McKenna
- Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, 62 York St., Sackville, NB E4L 1G7, Canada
| | - Jenna Morissette
- Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, 62 York St., Sackville, NB E4L 1G7, Canada
| | - Carole-Anne Gillis
- Gespe’gewa’gi Institute of Natural Understanding, 1 Marshall Way, Listuguj, QC, G0C 2R0, Canada
| | - Tommi Linnansaari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, and Canadian Rivers Institute, University of New Brunswick, 28 Dineen Drive, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Suzanne Currie
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, 33 Westwood Avenue, Wolfville, NS, B4P 2R6, Canada
| | - Andrea J Morash
- Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, 62 York St., Sackville, NB E4L 1G7, Canada
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9
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Middleton EK, Gilbert MJH, Landry T, Lamarre SG, Speers-Roesch B. Environmental variation associated with overwintering elicits marked metabolic plasticity in a temperate salmonid, Salvelinus fontinalis. J Exp Biol 2024; 227:jeb246743. [PMID: 38235572 PMCID: PMC10911287 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.246743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Poleward winters commonly expose animals, including fish, to frigid temperatures and low food availability. Fishes that remain active over winter must therefore balance trade-offs between conserving energy and maintaining physiological performance in the cold, yet the extent and underlying mechanisms of these trade-offs are not well understood. We investigated the metabolic plasticity of brook char (Salvelinus fontinalis), a temperate salmonid, from the biochemical to whole-animal level in response to cold and food deprivation. Acute cooling (1°C day-1) from 14°C to 2°C had no effect on food consumption but reduced activity by 77%. We then assessed metabolic performance and demand over 90 days with exposure to warm (8°C) or cold winter (2°C) temperatures while fish were fed or starved. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) decreased substantially during initial cooling from 8°C to 2°C (Q10=4.2-4.5) but brook char exhibited remarkable thermal compensation during acclimation (Q10=1.4-1.6). Conversely, RMR was substantially lower (40-48%) in starved fish, conserving energy. Thus, the absolute magnitude of thermal plasticity may be masked or modified under food restriction. This reduction in RMR was associated with atrophy and decreases in in vivo protein synthesis rates, primarily in non-essential tissues. Remarkably, food deprivation had no effect on maximum oxygen uptake rates and thus aerobic capacity, supporting the notion that metabolic capacity can be decoupled from RMR in certain contexts. Overall, our study highlights the multi-faceted energetic flexibility of Salvelinus spp. that likely contributes to their success in harsh and variable environments and may be emblematic of winter-active fishes more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella K. Middleton
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, Canada, E2K 5E2
| | - Matthew J. H. Gilbert
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, Canada, E2K 5E2
| | - Thomas Landry
- Département de Biologie, Université de Moncton, Moncton, Canada, E1A 3E9
| | - Simon G. Lamarre
- Département de Biologie, Université de Moncton, Moncton, Canada, E1A 3E9
| | - Ben Speers-Roesch
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, Canada, E2K 5E2
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10
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Housh MJ, Telish J, Forsgren KL, Lema SC. Fluctuating and Stable High Temperatures Differentially Affect Reproductive Endocrinology of Female Pupfish. Integr Org Biol 2024; 6:obae003. [PMID: 38464886 PMCID: PMC10924253 DOI: 10.1093/iob/obae003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
For many fishes, reproductive function is thermally constrained such that exposure to temperatures above some upper threshold has detrimental effects on gametic development and maturation, spawning frequency, and mating behavior. Such impairment of reproductive performance at elevated temperatures involves changes to hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis signaling and diminished gonadal steroidogenesis. However, how HPG pathways respond to consistently high versus temporally elevated temperatures is not clear. Here, sexually mature Amargosa River Pupfish (Cyprinodon nevadensis amargosae) were maintained under thermal regimes of either stable ∼25°C (low temperature), diurnal cycling temperatures between ∼27 and 35°C (fluctuating temperature), or stable ∼35°C (high temperature) conditions for 50 days to examine effects of these conditions on HPG endocrine signaling components in the pituitary gland and gonad, ovarian and testicular gametogenesis status, and liver gene expression relating to oogenesis. Female pupfish maintained under stable high and fluctuating temperature treatments showed reduced gonadosomatic index values as well as a lower proportion of oocytes in the lipid droplet and vitellogenic stages. Females in both fluctuating and stable 35°C conditions exhibited reduced ovarian mRNAs for steroid acute regulatory protein (star), cholesterol side chain-cleavage enzyme, P450scc (cyp11a1), and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3bhsd), while ovarian transcripts encoding 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11bhsd) and sex hormone-binding globulin (shbg) were elevated in females at constant 35°C only. Ovarian aromatase (cyp19a1a) mRNA levels were unaffected, but circulating 17β-estradiol (E2) was lower in females at 35°C compared to the fluctuating temperature condition. In the liver, mRNA levels for choriogenins and vitellogenin were downregulated in both the fluctuating and 35°C conditions, while hepatic estrogen receptor 2a (esr2a) and shbg mRNAs were elevated in 35°C females. Taken together, these results demonstrate the potential for elevated temperatures to impair ovarian steroidogenesis and reduce egg envelope and vitellogenin protein production in female C. n. amargosae pupfish, while also shedding light on how thermal regimes that only intermittently reach the upper thermal range for reproduction have differential impacts on reproductive endocrine pathways than constantly warm conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Housh
- Biological Sciences Department, Center for Coastal Marine Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA
| | - J Telish
- Department of Biological Science, California State University, Fullerton, CA 92834, USA
| | - K L Forsgren
- Department of Biological Science, California State University, Fullerton, CA 92834, USA
| | - S C Lema
- Biological Sciences Department, Center for Coastal Marine Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA
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11
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Kraskura K, Anderson CE, Eliason EJ. Pairing lab and field studies to predict thermal performance of wild fish. J Therm Biol 2024; 119:103780. [PMID: 38302373 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
In thermally variable ecosystems, temperatures can change extensively on hourly and seasonal timescales requiring ectotherms to possess a broad thermal tolerance (critical thermal minima [CTmin] and maxima [CTmax]). However, whether fish acclimate in the laboratory similarly as they acclimatize in the field under comparable thermal variation is unclear. We used temperature data from a tidal salt marsh to design 21-day lab-acclimation treatments (static: 12, 17, 22, 27 °C; daily variation with mean 22 °C: i) range 17-27 °C, ii) range 17-27 °C with irregular extremes within 12-32 °C). We compared thermal limits in lab-acclimated and field-acclimatized eurythermal arrow goby (Clevelandia ios). Variable temperature-acclimated and acclimatized fish had similar CTmin and CTmax. Notably, arrow gobies showed rapid plasticity in their absolute thermal tolerance within one tidal cycle. The daily mean and max temperatures experienced were positively related to CTmax and CTmin, respectively. This study demonstrates that ecologically informed lab acclimation treatments can yield tolerance results that are applicable to wild fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista Kraskura
- Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.
| | - Claire E Anderson
- Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Erika J Eliason
- Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
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12
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Mejia FH, Ouellet V, Briggs MA, Carlson SM, Casas-Mulet R, Chapman M, Collins MJ, Dugdale SJ, Ebersole JL, Frechette DM, Fullerton AH, Gillis CA, Johnson ZC, Kelleher C, Kurylyk BL, Lave R, Letcher BH, Myrvold KM, Nadeau TL, Neville H, Piégay H, Smith KA, Tonolla D, Torgersen CE. Closing the gap between science and management of cold-water refuges in rivers and streams. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:5482-5508. [PMID: 37466251 PMCID: PMC10615108 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Human activities and climate change threaten coldwater organisms in freshwater ecosystems by causing rivers and streams to warm, increasing the intensity and frequency of warm temperature events, and reducing thermal heterogeneity. Cold-water refuges are discrete patches of relatively cool water that are used by coldwater organisms for thermal relief and short-term survival. Globally, cohesive management approaches are needed that consider interlinked physical, biological, and social factors of cold-water refuges. We review current understanding of cold-water refuges, identify gaps between science and management, and evaluate policies aimed at protecting thermally sensitive species. Existing policies include designating cold-water habitats, restricting fishing during warm periods, and implementing threshold temperature standards or guidelines. However, these policies are rare and uncoordinated across spatial scales and often do not consider input from Indigenous peoples. We propose that cold-water refuges be managed as distinct operational landscape units, which provide a social and ecological context that is relevant at the watershed scale. These operational landscape units provide the foundation for an integrated framework that links science and management by (1) mapping and characterizing cold-water refuges to prioritize management and conservation actions, (2) leveraging existing and new policies, (3) improving coordination across jurisdictions, and (4) implementing adaptive management practices across scales. Our findings show that while there are many opportunities for scientific advancement, the current state of the sciences is sufficient to inform policy and management. Our proposed framework provides a path forward for managing and protecting cold-water refuges using existing and new policies to protect coldwater organisms in the face of global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine H. Mejia
- U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Cascadia Field Station, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Valerie Ouellet
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Orono, Maine, USA
| | - Martin A. Briggs
- Observing Systems Division, U.S. Geological Survey, Hydrologic Remote Sensing Branch, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Stephanie M. Carlson
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Roser Casas-Mulet
- Aquatic Systems Biology Unit, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Department of Infrastructure Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mollie Chapman
- Department of Geography, URPP Global Change and Biodiversity, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mathias J. Collins
- National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Gloucester, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Joseph L. Ebersole
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Danielle M. Frechette
- Maine Department of Marine Resources, Bureau of Sea Run Fisheries and Habitat, Augusta, Maine, USA
| | - Aimee H. Fullerton
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Zachary C. Johnson
- U.S. Geological Survey, Washington Water Science Center, Tacoma, Washington, USA
| | - Christa Kelleher
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Barret L. Kurylyk
- Department of Civil and Resource Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Rebecca Lave
- Department of Geography, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Benjamin H. Letcher
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, S.O. Conte Fish Research Center, Turners Falls, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Knut M. Myrvold
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Tracie-Lynn Nadeau
- Region 10, Water Division, Oregon Operations Office, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Herve Piégay
- UMR 5600 CNRS EVS, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Kathryn A. Smith
- Department of Civil and Resource Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Diego Tonolla
- Institute of Natural Resource Sciences, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Christian E. Torgersen
- U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Cascadia Field Station, Seattle, Washington, USA
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13
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Oyinlola MA, Khorsandi M, Penman R, Earhart ML, Arsenault R, Brauner CJ, St-Hilaire A. Hydrothermal impacts of water release on early life stages of white sturgeon in the Nechako river, B.C. Canada. J Therm Biol 2023; 117:103682. [PMID: 37634393 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Water temperature plays a crucial role in the physiology of aquatic species, particularly in their survival and development. Thus, resource programs are commonly used to manage water quality conditions for endemic species. In a river system like the Nechako River system, central British Columbia, a water management program was established in the 1980s to alter water release in the summer months to prevent water temperatures from exceeding a 20 °C threshold downstream during the spawning season of Sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). Such a management regime could have consequences for other resident species like the white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus). Here, we use a hydrothermal model and white sturgeon life stage-specific experimental thermal tolerance data to evaluate water releases and potential hydrothermal impacts based on the Nechako water management plan (1980-2019). Our analysis focused mainly on the warmest five-month period of the year (May to September), which includes the water release management period (July-August). Our results show that the thermal exposure risk, an index that measures temperature impact on species physiology of Nechako white sturgeon across all early life stages (embryo, yolk-sac larvae, larvae, and juvenile) has increased substantially, especially in the 2010s relative to the management program implementations' first decade (the 1980s). The embryonic life stage was the most impacted, with a continuous increase in potential adverse thermal exposure in all months examined in the study. We also recorded major impacts of increased thermal exposure on the critical habitats necessary for Nechako white sturgeon recovery. Our study highlights the importance of a holistic management program with consideration for all species of the Nechako River system and the merit of possibly reviewing the current management plan, particularly with the current concerns about climate change impacts on the Nechako River.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed A Oyinlola
- Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada; Canadian Rivers Institute, UNB Fredericton, 28 Dineen Dr Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Canada; Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 4200-6270 University Blvd., Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Mostafa Khorsandi
- Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada; Canadian Rivers Institute, UNB Fredericton, 28 Dineen Dr Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Rachael Penman
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 4200-6270 University Blvd., Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Madison L Earhart
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 4200-6270 University Blvd., Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Richard Arsenault
- Hydrology, Climate and Climate Change Laboratory, École de technologie supérieure, 1100 Notre-Dame West St., Montreal, QC H3C 1K3, Canada
| | - Colin J Brauner
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 4200-6270 University Blvd., Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Andre St-Hilaire
- Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada; Canadian Rivers Institute, UNB Fredericton, 28 Dineen Dr Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Canada
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14
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Akaarir M, Pujol JM, Suau M, Rial RV, Nicolau MC, Gamundi A, Martorell-Barceló M, Barceló-Serra M, Aspillaga E, Alós J. Activity-Rest Circadian Rhythm of the Pearly Razorfish in Its Natural Habitat, before and during Its Mating. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:810. [PMID: 37372095 DOI: 10.3390/biology12060810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Recent technological advances in marine biotelemetry have demonstrated that marine fish species perform activity-rest rhythms that have relevant ecological and evolutionary consequences. The main objective of the present report is to study the circadian rhythm of activity-rest of the pearly razorfish, Xyrichtys novacula in its own habitat, before and during the reproduction season using a novel biotelemetry system. This fish species is a small-bodied marine species that inhabits most shallow soft habitats of temperate areas and has a high interest for commercial and recreational fisheries. The activity of free-living fish was monitored by means of high-resolution acoustic tracking of the motor activity of the fish in one-minute intervals. The obtained data allowed the definition of the circadian rhythm of activity-rest in terms of classical non-parametric values: interdaily stability (IS), intradaily variability (IV), relative amplitude (RA), average activity during the most-active period of consecutive 10 h (M10), and average activity during the least-active period of consecutive 5 h (L5). We observed a well-marked rhythm, with little fragmentation and good synchrony with the environmental cycle of light-darkness, regardless of sex and the period studied. However, the rhythm was found to be slightly more desynchronized and fragmented during reproduction because of variations in the photoperiod. In addition, we found that the activity of the males was much higher than that of the females (p < 0.001), probably due to the peculiar behavior of the males in defending the harems they lead. Finally, the time at which activity began in males was slightly earlier than it was in females (p < 0.001), presumably due to the same fact, as differences in activity or for the individual heterogeneity of this species in the time of awakening are considered to be an independent axis of the fish's personality. Our work is novel, as it is one of the first studies of activity-rest rhythm using classical circadian-related descriptors in free-living marine fish using locomotory data facilitated by novel technological approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mourad Akaarir
- Laboratorio del Sueño y Rítmos Biológicos, Universitat de les Illes Balears, IDISBA, IUNICS, 07122 Palma, Spain
| | - José Manuel Pujol
- Laboratorio del Sueño y Rítmos Biológicos, Universitat de les Illes Balears, IDISBA, IUNICS, 07122 Palma, Spain
| | - Margalida Suau
- Laboratorio del Sueño y Rítmos Biológicos, Universitat de les Illes Balears, IDISBA, IUNICS, 07122 Palma, Spain
| | - Rubén V Rial
- Laboratorio del Sueño y Rítmos Biológicos, Universitat de les Illes Balears, IDISBA, IUNICS, 07122 Palma, Spain
| | - María Cristina Nicolau
- Laboratorio del Sueño y Rítmos Biológicos, Universitat de les Illes Balears, IDISBA, IUNICS, 07122 Palma, Spain
| | - Antoni Gamundi
- Laboratorio del Sueño y Rítmos Biológicos, Universitat de les Illes Balears, IDISBA, IUNICS, 07122 Palma, Spain
| | - Martina Martorell-Barceló
- Fish Ecology Group, The Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), 07190 Esporles, Spain
| | - Margarida Barceló-Serra
- Fish Ecology Group, The Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), 07190 Esporles, Spain
| | - Eneko Aspillaga
- Fish Ecology Group, The Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), 07190 Esporles, Spain
| | - Josep Alós
- Fish Ecology Group, The Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), 07190 Esporles, Spain
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15
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House AH, Debes PV, Kurko J, Erkinaro J, Primmer CR. Genotype-specific variation in seasonal body condition at a large-effect maturation locus. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20230432. [PMID: 37253427 PMCID: PMC10229225 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.0432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Organisms use resource allocation strategies to survive seasonal environmental changes and life-history stage transitions. Earlier studies found a transcription cofactor, vgll3, associating with maturation timing that inhibits adipogenesis in mice and affects body condition in juvenile salmon. Owing to a lack of temporal studies examining seasonality effects on phenotypes such as vgll3 genotype, body condition, maturation and different life stages, we investigated the influence of different larval and juvenile temperatures, vgll3 genotype and interactions with body condition and maturation rate. We reared Atlantic salmon for 2 years in four larval-juvenile phase temperature groups until the occurrence of mature males. We found no effect of larval temperature on the measured phenotypes or maturation rate. However, we observed an increased maturation rate in individuals of the warm juvenile temperature treatment and differences in body condition associated with vgll3 genotype. Early maturation genotype individuals had a less variable body condition across seasons compared with late maturation genotype individuals. This result suggests a vgll3 influence on resource allocation strategies; possibly linked with the early maturation process, with early maturation genotype individuals having a higher maturation rate and a higher body condition in the spring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew H. House
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Viikkinkaari 5d, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Lammi Biological Station, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Pääjärventie 320, 16900 Hämeenlinna, Finland
| | - Paul V. Debes
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Viikkinkaari 5d, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Kurko
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Viikkinkaari 5d, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Erkinaro
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), 90570 Oulu, Finland
| | - Craig R. Primmer
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Viikkinkaari 5d, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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16
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Vera LM, de Alba G, Santos S, Szewczyk TM, Mackenzie SA, Sánchez-Vázquez FJ, Rey Planellas S. Circadian rhythm of preferred temperature in fish: Behavioural thermoregulation linked to daily photocycles in zebrafish and Nile tilapia. J Therm Biol 2023; 113:103544. [PMID: 37055103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Ectothermic vertebrates, e.g. fish, maintain their body temperature within a specific physiological range mainly through behavioural thermoregulation. Here, we characterise the presence of daily rhythms of thermal preference in two phylogenetically distant and well-studied fish species: the zebrafish (Danio rerio), an experimental model, and the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), an aquaculture species. We created a non-continuous temperature gradient using multichambered tanks according to the natural environmental range for each species. Each species was allowed to freely choose their preferred temperature during the 24h cycle over a long-term period. Both species displayed strikingly consistent temporal daily rhythms of thermal preference with higher temperatures being selected during the second half of the light phase and lower temperatures at the end of the dark phase, with mean acrophases at Zeitgeber Time (ZT) 5.37 h (zebrafish) and ZT 12.5 h (tilapia). Interestingly, when moved to the experimental tank, only tilapia displayed consistent preference for higher temperatures and took longer time to establish the thermal rhythms. Our findings highlight the importance of integrating both light-driven daily rhythm and thermal choice to refine our understanding of fish biology and improve the management and welfare of the diversity of fish species used in research and food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa M Vera
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Gonzalo de Alba
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Silvere Santos
- Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Tim M Szewczyk
- Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK; The Scottish Association for Marine Science, SAMS, Dunbeg, Oban, Argyll, PA37 1QA, UK
| | - Simon A Mackenzie
- Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Francisco J Sánchez-Vázquez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Sònia Rey Planellas
- Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK.
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17
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Weber AV, Firth BL, Cadonic IG, Craig PM. Interactive effects of venlafaxine and thermal stress on zebrafish (Danio rerio) inflammatory and heat shock responses. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 269:109620. [PMID: 37004898 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Venlafaxine (VFX), a commonly prescribed antidepressant often detected in wastewater effluent, and acute temperature elevations from climate change and increased urbanization, are two environmental stressors currently placing freshwater ecosystems at risk. This study focused on understanding if exposure to VFX impacts the agitation temperature (Tag) and critical thermal maximum (CTmax) of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Additionally, we examined the interactive effects of VFX and acute thermal stress on zebrafish heat shock and inflammatory immune responses. A 96 h 1.0 μg/L VFX exposure experiment was conducted, followed by assessment of thermal tolerance via CTmax challenge. Heat shock proteins and pro-inflammatory immune cytokines were quantified through gene expression analysis by quantitative PCR (qPCR) on hsp 70, hsp 90, hsp 47, il-8, tnfα, and il-1β within gill and liver tissue. No significant changes in agitation temperature between control and exposed fish were observed, nor were there any differences in CTmax based on treatment. Unsurprisingly, hsp 47, 70, and 90 were all upregulated in groups exposed solely to CTmax, while only hsp 47 within gill tissue showed signs of interactive effects, which was significantly decreased in fish exposed to both VFX and CTmax. No induction of an inflammatory response occurred. This study demonstrated that environmentally relevant concentrations of VFX have no impact on thermal tolerance performance in zebrafish. However, VFX can cause diminished function of protective heat shock mechanisms, which could be detrimental to freshwater fish populations and aquatic ecosystems as temperature spikes become more frequent from climate change and urbanization near watersheds.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Weber
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - B L Firth
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. https://twitter.com/@Britney_Firth
| | - I G Cadonic
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. https://twitter.com/@IvanCadonic
| | - P M Craig
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
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18
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O’Sullivan AM, Corey EM, Collet EN, Helminen J, Curry RA, MacIntyre C, Linnansaari T. Timing and frequency of high temperature events bend the onset of behavioural thermoregulation in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar). CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 11:coac079. [PMID: 36685329 PMCID: PMC9845963 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coac079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The role of temperature on biological activities and the correspondent exponential relationship with temperature has been known for over a century. However, lacking to date is knowledge relating to (a) the recovery of ectotherms subjected to extreme temperatures in the wild, and (b) the effects repeated extreme temperatures have on the temperatures that induce behavioural thermoregulation (aggregations). We examined these questions by testing the hypothesis that thermal thresholds which initiate aggregations in juvenile Atlantic salmon (AS) (Salmo salar) are not static, but are temporally dynamic across a summer and follow a hysteresis loop. To test our hypothesis, we deployed custom-made underwater camera (UWC) systems in known AS thermal refuges to observe the timing of aggregation events in a natural system and used these data to develop and test models that predict the temperatures that induce thermal aggregations. Consistent with our hypothesis our UWC observations revealed a range of aggregation onset temperatures (AOT) ranging from 24.2°C to 27.1°C, thus confirming our hypothesis that AOTs are dynamic across summer. Our models suggest it take ~ 11 days of non-thermally taxing temperatures for the AOT to rebound in the study river. Conversely, we found that as the frequency of events increased, the AOT declined, from 27.1°C to 24.2°C. Integrating both model components led to more robust model performance. Further, when these models were tested against an independent data set from the same river, the results remained robust. Our findings illustrate the complexity underlying behavioural thermoregulation in AS-a complexity that most likely extends to other salmonids. The frequency of extreme heat events is predicted to increase, and this has the capacity to decrease AOT thresholds in AS, ultimately reducing their resilience to extreme temperature events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antóin M O’Sullivan
- Corresponding author: FOREM, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Fredericton, New Brunswick, NB E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Emily M Corey
- Canadian Rivers Institute, University of New Brunswick, New Brunswick, NB E3B 5A3, Canada
- Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada
| | - Elise N Collet
- FOREM, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Fredericton, New Brunswick, NB E3B 5A3, Canada
- Canadian Rivers Institute, University of New Brunswick, New Brunswick, NB E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Jani Helminen
- Natural Resources InstituteFinland, Helsinki, Uusimaa, 00790, Finland
| | - R Allen Curry
- FOREM, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Fredericton, New Brunswick, NB E3B 5A3, Canada
- Canadian Rivers Institute, University of New Brunswick, New Brunswick, NB E3B 5A3, Canada
- Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada
| | - Chris MacIntyre
- FOREM, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Fredericton, New Brunswick, NB E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Tommi Linnansaari
- FOREM, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Fredericton, New Brunswick, NB E3B 5A3, Canada
- Canadian Rivers Institute, University of New Brunswick, New Brunswick, NB E3B 5A3, Canada
- Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada
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19
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Blewett TA, Binning SA, Weinrauch AM, Ivy CM, Rossi GS, Borowiec BG, Lau GY, Overduin SL, Aragao I, Norin T. Physiological and behavioural strategies of aquatic animals living in fluctuating environments. J Exp Biol 2022; 225:275292. [PMID: 35511083 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.242503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Shallow or near-shore environments, such as ponds, estuaries and intertidal zones, are among the most physiologically challenging of all aquatic settings. Animals inhabiting these environments experience conditions that fluctuate markedly over relatively short temporal and spatial scales. Living in these habitats requires the ability to tolerate the physiological disturbances incurred by these environmental fluctuations. This tolerance is achieved through a suite of physiological and behavioural responses that allow animals to maintain homeostasis, including the ability to dynamically modulate their physiology through reversible phenotypic plasticity. However, maintaining the plasticity to adjust to some stresses in a dynamic environment may trade off with the capacity to deal with other stressors. This paper will explore studies on select fishes and invertebrates exposed to fluctuations in dissolved oxygen, salinity and pH. We assess the physiological mechanisms these species employ to achieve homeostasis, with a focus on the plasticity of their responses, and consider the resulting physiological trade-offs in function. Finally, we discuss additional factors that may influence organismal responses to fluctuating environments, such as the presence of multiple stressors, including parasites. We echo recent calls from experimental biologists to consider physiological responses to life in naturally fluctuating environments, not only because they are interesting in their own right but also because they can reveal mechanisms that may be crucial for living with increasing environmental instability as a consequence of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamzin A Blewett
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2E9
| | - Sandra A Binning
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada, H2V 0B3
| | - Alyssa M Weinrauch
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, R3T 2N2
| | - Catherine M Ivy
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, ON, Canada, N6A 5B7
| | - Giulia S Rossi
- Department of Biological Science, University of Toronto, Scarborough, ON, Canada, M1C 1A4
| | - Brittney G Borowiec
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada, N2L 3C5
| | - Gigi Y Lau
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4
| | - Sienna L Overduin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2E9
| | - Isabel Aragao
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2E9
| | - Tommy Norin
- DTU Aqua: National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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20
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Scheuffele H, Rubio-Gracia F, Clark TD. Thermal performance curves for aerobic scope in a tropical fish (Lates calcarifer): flexible in amplitude but not breadth. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:273714. [PMID: 34821366 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.243504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Aerobic metabolic scope is a popular metric to estimate the capacity for temperature-dependent performance in aquatic animals. Despite this popularity, little is known of the role of temperature acclimation and variability in shaping the breadth and amplitude of the thermal performance curve for aerobic scope. If daily thermal experience can modify the characteristics of the thermal performance curve, interpretations of aerobic scope data from the literature may be misguided. Here, tropical barramundi (Lates calcarifer) were acclimated for ∼4 months to cold (23°C), optimal (29°C) or warm (35°C) conditions, or to a daily temperature cycle between 23 and 35°C (with a mean of 29°C). Measurements of aerobic scope were conducted every 3-4 weeks at three temperatures (23, 29 and 35°C), and growth rates were monitored. Acclimation to constant temperatures caused some changes in aerobic scope at the three measurement temperatures via adjustments in standard and maximum metabolic rates, and growth rates were lower in the 23°C-acclimated group than in all other groups. The metabolic parameters and growth rates of the thermally variable group remained similar to those of the 29°C-acclimated group. Thus, acclimation to a variable temperature regime did not broaden the thermal performance curve for aerobic scope. We propose that thermal performance curves for aerobic scope are more plastic in amplitude than in breadth, and that the metabolic phenotype of at least some fish may be more dependent on the mean daily temperature than on the daily temperature range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Scheuffele
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | | | - Timothy D Clark
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
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21
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Gauthier PT, Blewett TA, Garman ER, Schlekat CE, Middleton ET, Suominen E, Crémazy A. Environmental risk of nickel in aquatic Arctic ecosystems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 797:148921. [PMID: 34346380 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Arctic faces many environmental challenges, including the continued exploitation of its mineral resources such as nickel (Ni). The responsible development of Ni mining in the Arctic requires establishing a risk assessment framework that accounts for the specificities of this unique region. We set out to conduct preliminary assessments of Ni exposure and effects in aquatic Arctic ecosystems. Our analysis of Ni source and transport processes in the Arctic suggests that fresh, estuarine, coastal, and marine waters are potential Ni-receiving environments, with both pelagic and benthic communities being at risk of exposure. Environmental concentrations of Ni show that sites with elevated Ni concentrations are located near Ni mining operations in freshwater environments, but there is a lack of data for coastal and estuarine environments near such operations. Nickel bioavailability in Arctic freshwaters seems to be mainly driven by dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations with bioavailability being the highest in the High Arctic, where DOC levels are the lowest. However, this assessment is based on bioavailability models developed from non-Arctic species. At present, the lack of chronic Ni toxicity data on Arctic species constitutes the greatest hurdle toward the development of Ni quality standards in this region. Although there are some indications that polar organisms may not be more sensitive to contaminants than non-Arctic species, biological adaptations necessary for life in polar environments may have led to differences in species sensitivities, and this must be addressed in risk assessment frameworks. Finally, Ni polar risk assessment is further complicated by climate change, which affects the Arctic at a faster rate than the rest of the world. Herein we discuss the source, fate, and toxicity of Ni in Arctic aquatic environments, and discuss how climate change effects (e.g., permafrost thawing, increased precipitation, and warming) will influence risk assessments of Ni in the Arctic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick T Gauthier
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Tamzin A Blewett
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Emily Suominen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, NB E2L 4L5, Canada
| | - Anne Crémazy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, NB E2L 4L5, Canada.
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22
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McKenzie DJ, Geffroy B, Farrell AP. Effects of global warming on fishes and fisheries. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2021; 98:1489-1492. [PMID: 34312853 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David J McKenzie
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Benjamin Geffroy
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Anthony P Farrell
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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