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Lorenzo K, Xie M, Cham H, El-Sheikh M, Yip T. Corresponding Changes in Sleep and Discrimination: A Three-year Longitudinal Study Among Ethnically/Racially Diverse Adolescents. J Youth Adolesc 2024:10.1007/s10964-024-02086-4. [PMID: 39298096 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-024-02086-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
Although research has established the immediate, detrimental impact of discrimination on sleep, how changes in experiences of discrimination may be related to changes in sleep duration over multiple years is less clear. This three-year longitudinal study investigated: (1) intercept-only and linear trajectories of sleep and everyday discrimination across three years of high school; (2) ethnic/racial differences in these trajectories; and (3) the associations between changes in sleep and changes in everyday discrimination. The sample consisted of ethnically/racially minoritized adolescents from five northeast U.S. public high schools (n = 329; 70% female, 30% male, 0% non-binary; 42% Asian, 21% Black, 37% Latiné; Mage = 14.72, SD = 0.54). Latent growth curve models found that both sleep duration and everyday discrimination declined linearly throughout the first three years of high school and varied by race/ethnicity. Asian adolescents reported longer sleep duration in the 9th grade relative to Black and Latiné adolescents but underwent a significant decline such that these differences were no longer significant in the 10th and 11th grades. In addition, Black and Latiné, but not Asian, adolescents reported a significant decline in discrimination from the 9th-11th grades. Although average sleep duration declined for the entire sample, slower declines in discrimination were associated with faster decreases in sleep duration. This was particularly salient among Black adolescents. The current study contributes to research on ethnic/racial disparities in sleep by highlighting that everyday discrimination can have both an immediate and cumulative detrimental impact on sleep duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Lorenzo
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, Bronx, USA
| | - Mingjun Xie
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
| | - Heining Cham
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, Bronx, USA
| | - Mona El-Sheikh
- Department of Human Development & Family Science, Auburn University, Auburn, USA
| | - Tiffany Yip
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, Bronx, USA
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Bauducco S, Pillion M, Bartel K, Reynolds C, Kahn M, Gradisar M. A bidirectional model of sleep and technology use: A theoretical review of How much, for whom, and which mechanisms. Sleep Med Rev 2024; 76:101933. [PMID: 38657359 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2024.101933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The link between technology and sleep is more complex than originally thought. In this updated theoretical review, we propose a new model informed by the growing body of evidence in the area over the past 10 years. The main theoretical change is the addition of bi-directional links between the use of technology and sleep problems. We begin by reviewing the evidence to date for the originally proposed mechanisms of bright light, arousal, nighttime sleep disruptions, and sleep displacement. Then, in support of the new direction of effect (sleep problems preceding technology use), we propose two new mechanisms: technology before sleep might be used as a time filler and/or as an emotional regulation strategy to facilitate the sleep-onset process. Finally, we present potential moderators of the association between technology and sleep, in recognition of protective and vulnerability factors that may mitigate or exacerbate the effects of technology on sleep and vice versa. The goal of this theoretical review is to update the field, guide future public health messages, and to prompt new research into how much technology and sleep affect each other, for whom it may be problematic, and which mechanisms may explain their association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Bauducco
- Örebro University, School of Behavioural, Social and Legal Sciences, Sweden; Flinders University, College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Australia.
| | - Meg Pillion
- Flinders University, College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Australia
| | - Kate Bartel
- WINK Sleep Pty Ltd, Adelaide, Australia; Riverland Academy of Clinical Excellence, Riverland Mallee Coorong Local Health Network, Australia; Flinders University, College of Medicine and Public Health, Australia
| | - Chelsea Reynolds
- Flinders University, College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Australia; WINK Sleep Pty Ltd, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Michal Kahn
- Tel Aviv University, School of Psychological Sciences, Israel
| | - Michael Gradisar
- WINK Sleep Pty Ltd, Adelaide, Australia; Sleep Cycle AB, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Grasaas E, Ostojic S, Jahre H. Adherence to sleep recommendations is associated with higher satisfaction with life among Norwegian adolescents. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1288. [PMID: 38730403 PMCID: PMC11088050 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18725-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep plays a crucial role in the health and well-being of adolescents; however, inadequate sleep is frequently reported in numerous countries. This current paper aimed to describe sleep duration, factors impacting sleep, consequences of insufficient sleep and satisfaction with life in Norwegian adolescents, stratified by sex and by adherence to the 8-hour sleep recommendation, and to examine potential associations between adherence to the 8-hours sleep recommendation and satisfaction with life. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study using data from the Norwegian Ungdata Survey, collected in 2021. Adolescents from five Norwegian counties were included, comprising a total of 32,161 upper secondary school students. Study variables were collected through an electronic questionnaire administered during school hours and all data are anonymous. Descriptive data of sleep patterns are presented, and linear regressions were conducted adjusting for SES, perceived stress, physical activity level, over-the-counter analgesics use, grade level and screen time. RESULTS 73% of adolescents did not adhere to the 8-hours of sleep recommendation per night, with similar results for girls and boys. 64% reported tiredness at school (minimum 1-2 days weekly) and 62% reported that screen time negatively affected their ability to sleep. 23% reported that gaming affected their sleep, with a higher prevalence in boys than girls. Satisfaction with life score was 7.0 ± 1.9 points (out of 10) for the total sample, with higher scores for boys (7.3 ± 1.8 points) than girls (6.9 ± 1.9 points). Regressions revealed a positive association with satisfaction with life (B = 0.31, 95% [0.15 to 0.48]) in adolescents adhering to sleep recommendation of 8h compared to the ones not adhering to the sleep recommendation. CONCLUSIONS Most Norwegian adolescents fail to adhere to the 8-hours of sleep recommendation and the majority feel tired at school or during activities. More than half of adolescents reported that screen time negatively affected their ability to sleep. Adhering to the sleep recommendation was associated with higher life satisfaction. Our findings highlight the importance of sufficient sleep in adolescents, while future research is needed to examine other sleep related measures on adolescents´ satisfaction with life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Grasaas
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University in Agder, Kristiansand, Postbox 422, 4604, Norway.
| | - Sergej Ostojic
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University in Agder, Kristiansand, Postbox 422, 4604, Norway
| | - Henriette Jahre
- Department of Rehabilitation Science and Health Technology, Center for Intelligent Musculoskeletal health, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
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Schønning V, Hysing M, Dovran A, Nilsen SA, Hafstad GS, Vedaa Ø, Sivertsen B. Sleep and childhood maltreatment: A matched-control study of sleep characteristics in Norwegian 16-19-year-olds. Scand J Psychol 2024; 65:119-128. [PMID: 37626444 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Sleep problems are an important but understudied health problem in adolescents exposed to childhood maltreatment. The current study aimed to examine sleep characteristics and insomnia in a population with maltreatment history and compare them to a general population sample of adolescents. Data from a sample of Norwegian 16-19-year-old adolescents with childhood maltreatment experiences (n = 62) were linked to an age- and sex-matched general population sample (n = 238). Independent samples t tests were used to compare the two groups on several detailed sleep parameters, while general linear models were used to control for mental health problems, assessed by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Mental health was examined as a potential mediator between childhood maltreatment and sleep characteristics. Adolescents exposed to childhood maltreatment had longer sleep onset latency (1:15 h vs. 47 min, p < 0.001), longer wake after sleep onset (34 min vs. 15 min, p < 0.003), lower sleep efficiency in weekdays (77.8%, vs. 85%, p < 0.007), and lower sleep efficiency in weekends (81.8% vs. 88.9%, p < 0.001) than the reference group. Mental health problems fully mediated the association between childhood maltreatment exposure and longer sleep onset latency and wake after sleep onset. The rate of insomnia did not significantly differ between the groups. This study suggests that older adolescents exposed to childhood maltreatment have more sleep problems than the general adolescent population, and that these problems may be explained by co-existing mental health problems. These findings highlight the potential utility of assessing and providing sleep-focused treatment to adolescents with a history of childhood maltreatment and mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Schønning
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mari Hysing
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anders Dovran
- Stine Sofie's Foundation, Stine Sofie Centre, Grimstad, Norway
| | - Sondre A Nilsen
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gertrud S Hafstad
- Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øystein Vedaa
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Børge Sivertsen
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Research & Innovation, Helse Fonna HF, Haugesund, Norway
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Grasaas E, Rohde G, Haraldstad K, Helseth S, Småstuen MC, Skarstein S, Mikkelsen HT. Sleep duration in schooldays is associated with health-related quality of life in norwegian adolescents: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:473. [PMID: 37726691 PMCID: PMC10507926 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04306-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insufficient sleep is commonly reported in adolescence and is negatively associated with a wide range of health outcomes. A way to grasp the complicated challenge of how sleep impact different aspects of the adolescents´ everyday life is by examining the relationship between sleep duration in schooldays and weekends on different health-related quality of life (HRQOL) subscales. Furthermore, to expand the understanding of possible underlying mechanisms between sleep and HRQOL, testing for self-efficacy as a possible mediator is of importance. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed among 696 adolescents aged 13-15 years from a school-based setting. All participants completed an electronic survey in their respective classrooms. The survey included demographic data, the School Sleep Habits Survey, the KIDSCREEN-27 questionnaire measuring HRQOL, and the General Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS Statistics software including PROCESS macro by Andrew Hayes. RESULTS Our findings revealed overall similar sleep patterns in boys and girls including longer sleep duration in the study sample during weekends (10:09 h) than in schooldays (08:36 h). Regression analyses revealed that sleep duration in schooldays was positively and statistically associated with HRQOL subscales psychological well-being (95% CI [0.44 to 1.33]), autonomy and parents (95% CI [0.12 to 1.06]), school environment (95% CI [0.47 to 1.40]), and self-efficacy (95% CI [0.01 to 0.47]). Sleep duration in weekends revealed no associations with the HRQOL subscales, except for the HRQOL subscale psychological well-being (95% CI [0.09 to 0.85]). Mediation analyses revealed that sleep duration in schooldays explained most of the associations (64 - 75%) in 4 out 5 HRQOL subscales, except in the association with the HRQOL subscale physical well-being revealing an indirect effect of 71.9%. CONCLUSIONS This cross-sectional study described sleep among Norwegian adolescents and demonstrated that sleep durations in weekends and schooldays impact HRQOL and self-efficacy, revealing overall better outcome in HRQOL and self-efficacy with sufficient sleep during schooldays. These findings support the regularity of sleep and highlight the importance of sufficient sleep during schooldays, especially in a school-based sample of adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Grasaas
- Department of Health and Nursing Science, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University in Agder, Kristiansand, Norway.
| | - Gudrun Rohde
- Department of Health and Nursing Science, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University in Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
- Department of Clinical Research, Sorlandet Hospital, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Kristin Haraldstad
- Department of Health and Nursing Science, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University in Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Sølvi Helseth
- Department of Health and Nursing Science, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University in Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Milada Cvancarova Småstuen
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Siv Skarstein
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hilde Timenes Mikkelsen
- Department of Health and Nursing Science, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University in Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
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6
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Martínez-Gómez J, Fernández-Alvira JM, de Cos-Gandoy A, Bodega P, de Miguel M, Tresserra-Rimbau A, Laveriano-Santos EP, Carral V, Carvajal I, Estruch R, Lamuela-Raventós RM, Santos-Beneit G, Fuster V, Fernández-Jiménez R. Sleep duration and its association with adiposity markers in adolescence: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2023; 30:1236-1244. [PMID: 37140006 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwad137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Large studies linking adolescents' objectively measured sleep duration and adiposity markers are lacking. We characterized sleep duration and its cross-sectional and longitudinal associations with adiposity markers in adolescence. METHODS AND RESULTS Seven-day accelerometry was performed in a cohort of adolescents enrolled in the SI! Program for Secondary Schools trial in Spain at approximately ages 12 (1216 adolescents, 49.6% girls), 14 (1026 adolescents, 51.3% girls), and 16 (872 adolescents, 51.7% girls) years. Participants were classified as very short sleepers (VSS; <7 h), short sleepers (SS; 7-<8 h), or recommended-time sleepers (RTS; 8-10 h). Adjusted associations between sleep duration and adiposity markers were analysed using generalized linear and Poisson models. At ∼12 years, 33.7% of adolescents met sleep recommendations, and this percentage decreased with advancing age (22.6% at ∼14 and 18.7% at ∼16 years). Compared with RTS, overweight/obesity prevalence ratios at ∼12, 14, and 16 years among SS were 1.19 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.09-1.30], 1.41 (95% CI: 1.34-1.48), and 0.99 (95% CI: 0.77-1.26) and among VSS were 1.30 (95% CI: 1.28-1.32), 1.93 (95% CI: 1.41-2.64), and 1.32 (95% CI: 1.26-1.37). Compared with adolescents who always met sleep recommendations, the prevalence of overweight/obesity was ∼5 times higher in those never meeting recommendations or meeting them only once. Similar trends were observed for the waist-to-height ratio (P = 0.010) and fat mass index (P = 0.024). CONCLUSION Most adolescents did not meet sleep recommendations. Shorter sleep duration was independently associated with unfavourable adiposity markers, and such adverse impact was cumulative. Health promotion programmes should emphasize the importance of good sleep habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Martínez-Gómez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 3 Melchor Fernández Almagro, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | | | - Amaya de Cos-Gandoy
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 3 Melchor Fernández Almagro, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Foundation for Science, Health and Education (SHE), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Bodega
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 3 Melchor Fernández Almagro, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Foundation for Science, Health and Education (SHE), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercedes de Miguel
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 3 Melchor Fernández Almagro, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Foundation for Science, Health and Education (SHE), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Tresserra-Rimbau
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Nutrició, Ciències de l'Alimentació i Gastronomia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, XIA, INSA, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emily P Laveriano-Santos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Nutrició, Ciències de l'Alimentació i Gastronomia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, XIA, INSA, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vanesa Carral
- Foundation for Science, Health and Education (SHE), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Carvajal
- Foundation for Science, Health and Education (SHE), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramón Estruch
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa María Lamuela-Raventós
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Nutrició, Ciències de l'Alimentació i Gastronomia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, XIA, INSA, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gloria Santos-Beneit
- Foundation for Science, Health and Education (SHE), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cardiology, The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Valentín Fuster
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 3 Melchor Fernández Almagro, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Department of Cardiology, The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Rodrigo Fernández-Jiménez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 3 Melchor Fernández Almagro, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, s/n Profesor Martín Lagos, Madrid 28040, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades CardioVasculares (CIBERCV), 3-5 Monforte de Lemos (Pabellón 11), Madrid 28029, Spain
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7
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Hysing M, Sivertsen B, Nilsen SA, Heradstveit O, Bøe T, Askeland KG. Sleep and dropout from upper secondary school: A register-linked study. Sleep Health 2023; 9:519-523. [PMID: 37460377 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study investigates the association between sleep in late adolescence and completion of upper secondary school. METHODS The data are drawn from the youth@hordaland study, a large population-based study conducted in 2012, linked with official educational data in Norway (N = 8838). RESULTS High school dropout was more prevalent among adolescents who had insomnia (20.6%) compared to those without insomnia (14.3%; adjusted risk ratios = 1.50; 95% confidence intervals: [2.19-2.92]). There was also a higher rate of school dropout among those who had symptoms of delayed sleep-wake phase (21%) compared to those without delayed sleep-wake phase (14.3%); adjusted risk ratios = 1.43, 95% confidence intervals: (1.28-1.59). School noncompleters were also characterized by reporting 44 minutes shorter sleep duration, longer sleep onset latency, and wake after sleep onset (both approx. 15 minutes) compared to school completers. CONCLUSION The importance of sleep for high school dropout rates highlights the importance of including sleep as a risk indicator and a possible target for preventive interventions in late adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Hysing
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Norway; Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Børge Sivertsen
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway; Department of Research & Innovation, Helse-Fonna HF, Haugesund, Norway
| | - Sondre Aasen Nilsen
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ove Heradstveit
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway; Center for Alcohol & Drug Research, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Tormod Bøe
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Norway; Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kristin Gärtner Askeland
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
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8
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Evanger LN, Bjorvatn B, Pallesen S, Hysing M, Sivertsen B, Saxvig IW. Later school start time is associated with longer school day sleep duration and less social jetlag among Norwegian high school students: Results from a large-scale, cross-sectional study. J Sleep Res 2023. [PMID: 36864696 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study explored the associations between school start time and sleep habits among older adolescents, and whether these associations depended on circadian preference. The sample comprised 4010 high school students aged 16-17 years who completed a web-based survey on habitual school start time, sleep, and health. The survey included the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire, and the short version of the Horne-Östberg Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire. Students were categorised according to habitual school start time (before 08:00 hours, 08:00 hours, 08:15 hours, 08:30 hours or after 08:30 hours) and circadian preference (morning, intermediate or evening). Data were analysed using two-way analyses of variance (school start time × circadian preference) and linear regression analyses. Results showed an overall effect of school start time on school day sleep duration (main effect, p < 0.001), with the latest school starters having the longest, and the earliest school starters having the shortest sleep duration (7:03 hr versus 6:16 hr; Tukey HSD p < 0.001). Similarly, later school starters generally reported shorter social jetlag and later school day wake-up times than earlier starting students (both main effect p < 0.001). Circadian preference did not modify these associations (interaction effects p > 0.05). In the crude regression analysis, 15 min later school start was associated with 7.2 min more sleep (p < 0.001). School start time remained a significant predictor of school day sleep duration when adjusted for sex, parental educational level and circadian preference (p < 0.001). Results suggest that school start time is a significant predictor of school day sleep duration among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linn Nyjordet Evanger
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bjørn Bjorvatn
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ståle Pallesen
- Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mari Hysing
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Børge Sivertsen
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Research & Innovation, Helse Fonna HF, Haugesund, Norway
| | - Ingvild West Saxvig
- Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Centre for Sleep Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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9
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Kleppang AL, Vettore MV, Hartz I, Haugland SH, Stea TH. Patterns of unhealthy behaviours during adolescence and subsequent anxiety and depression in adulthood: a prospective register linkage study of the HUNT survey and health registries. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2023; 20:6. [PMID: 36691059 PMCID: PMC9869587 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-023-01408-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing need for prospective investigations in the preventing role of health-related behaviours on mental health problems. The aim of this study is to identify patterns of health-related behaviours in adolescence, and the association between the behavioural patterns and the subsequent diagnoses and/or drug treatment for anxiety and/or depression in adulthood. METHODS This prospective study consisted of 13-19-year-old participants in the Trøndelag Health Study (Young-HUNT3) in 2006-2008 (n = 2061, 1205 females and 856 males) in Norway, who also participated in HUNT4 (2017-2019). Survey data on health-related behaviours in adolescence, including low level of physical activity, low consumption of wholegrain bread, fish, fruit, vegetables and high consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and insomnia were linked on an individual level to prospective information on drug use and diagnosis in national health registries. The different patterns of health-related behaviours were identified through latent class analysis. Subsequent anxiety or depression was defined as at least one recording in either of three registries covering recorded diagnosis in primary and specialist healthcare, or dispensed prescription drugs during 2008-2019. Additionally, self-reported psychological distress measured in young adulthood was applied as a supplemental outcome measure. RESULTS Four patterns of health-related behaviours were identified: high risk behaviours (class 1), moderate to high risk behaviours (class 2), low to moderate risk behaviours (class 3) and low risk behaviours (class 4). Adolescents in class 3 showed higher odds of subsequent diagnoses for anxiety and/or depression in primary and specialist healthcare compared to class 4 participants. In addition, both class 1 and class 4 participants had higher odds for self-reported psychological distress than those class 4 (OR = 1.56 and OR = 1.86, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that health-related behaviours are clustered among Norwegian adolescents. The patterns of unhealthy behaviours during adolescence only partly increased the risk of anxiety and depression in adulthood. Promoting healthy behaviours during adolescence may potentially reduce the burden of mental illness in adulthood, but further research is needed to clarify the nature of the relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Løvheim Kleppang
- grid.23048.3d0000 0004 0417 6230Department of Health and Nursing Science, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Mario Vianna Vettore
- grid.23048.3d0000 0004 0417 6230Department of Health and Nursing Science, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Ingeborg Hartz
- grid.412929.50000 0004 0627 386XInnlandet Hospital Trust, Hedmark, Norway ,grid.477237.2Department of Health and Nursing Science, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
| | - Siri Håvås Haugland
- grid.23048.3d0000 0004 0417 6230Department of Psychosocial Health, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Tonje Holte Stea
- grid.23048.3d0000 0004 0417 6230Department of Health and Nursing Science, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
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10
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Khan A, Reyad MAH, Edwards E, Horwood S. Associations between adolescent sleep difficulties and active versus passive screen time across 38 countries. J Affect Disord 2023; 320:298-304. [PMID: 36183824 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High screen use has been adversely linked with mental wellbeing; however, little is known about how active versus passive screen time are associated with sleep-onset difficulties among adolescents. METHODS We analysed data from 38 European and North American countries that participated in the 2014 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey. Difficulties in falling sleep were assessed using a self-reported item with a 5-point Likert scale, and then dichotomised. Participants reported h/day of discretional time spent watching television, electronic gaming, and computer use. RESULTS Of the 195,668 participants (Mage 13.59 [1.62] years; 51 % girls), about 25 % of girls reported sleep-onset difficulties, while the rate was 18 % in boys. Adolescents who played electronic games >4 h/day (≤1 h/day as reference) had 30 % higher odds in boys (OR 1.30; 95 % CI: 1.23-1.38) and 38 % higher odds in girls (OR 1.38; 95 % CI: 1.31-1.45) of reporting sleep difficulties. High computer use (>4 h/day) increased the odds of sleep difficulties by 41 % in boys (OR 1.41, 95 % CI: 1.33-1.49) and 61 % in girls (OR 1.61, 95 % CI: 1.53-1.69). Similarly, high television time (>4 h/day) had increased the odds of sleep difficulties by 15 % in boys (OR 1.15, 95 % CI: 1.08-1.22) and 19 % in girls (OR 1.19, 95 % CI: 1.12-1.25). LIMITATIONS Cross-sectional analyses cannot establish causality of the associations. CONCLUSIONS Higher levels of recreational screen use of any type were associated with sleep-onset difficulties among adolescents with adverse effects being more prevalent in active than passive screen time. Prospective research with objective measures is warranted to understand causality of these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asaduzzaman Khan
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia; Active Healthy Kids Bangladesh (AHKBD), Bangladesh.
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11
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Linkas J, Ahmed LA, Csifcsak G, Emaus N, Furberg AS, Pettersen G, Rognmo K, Christoffersen T. Two-year changes in sleep duration are associated with changes in psychological distress in adolescent girls and boys: the fit futures study. Health Psychol Behav Med 2022; 10:1159-1175. [PMID: 36437871 PMCID: PMC9683068 DOI: 10.1080/21642850.2022.2147936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Studies indicate an inverse association between sleep duration and psychological distress. We aimed to explore associations between changes in sleep duration and changes in psychological distress in girls and boys. Methods The Fit Futures Study is a broad adolescent study providing data from 373 girls and 294 boys aged 15–18 years collected in 2010/2011 (FF1) and 2012/2013 (FF2). Psychological distress was measured by the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL-10) and sleep duration was self-reported. Change score variables were calculated as the change between baseline and follow-up for sleep duration and HSCL-10, respectively. Associations between changes in sleep duration and changes in HSCL-10 were explored by linear regressions, in gender-stratified analyses. Results At FF1, girls and boys slept on average 6.93 (SD = 1.08) and 7.05 (SD = 1.20) hours per night respectively, and correspondingly, 6.83 (SD = 1.19) and 6.85 (SD = 1.21) at FF2. At FF1, 22.8% of the girls and 25.8% of the boys slept ≤ 6 h per night, and correspondingly 28.0% and 28.2% at FF2. In girls and boys, one unit increase (30 min) in sleep duration was associated with a decrease in HSCL-10 score of B [95% CI] = −0.090 [−0.131, −0.048], p < 0.001, and −0.054 [−0.091, −0.017], p < 0.001, respectively. The associations remained significant after adjusting for confounders. Conclusion Our findings show that increased sleep duration was associated with decreased psychological distress during adolescence. Future studies should examine the causality between sleep duration and psychological distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Linkas
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Narvik, Norway
| | - Luai Awad Ahmed
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Public Health, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Gabor Csifcsak
- Department of Psychology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Nina Emaus
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anne-Sofie Furberg
- Faculty of Health and Care Sciences, Molde University College, Molde, Norway
| | - Gunn Pettersen
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kamilla Rognmo
- Department of Psychology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tore Christoffersen
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- School of Sport Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Alta, Norway
- Department of Research and Development, Finnmark Hospital Trust, Alta, Norway
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12
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Kjørstad K, Vedaa Ø, Pallesen S, Saxvig IW, Hysing M, Sivertsen B. Circadian preference in young adults: Associations with sleep and mental health outcomes from a national survey of Norwegian university students. Chronobiol Int 2022; 39:1465-1474. [PMID: 36259436 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2022.2121657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Individual preferred timing of sleep and activity patterns, known as circadian preference, ranges from definitely morning types to definitely evening types. Being an evening type has been linked to adverse sleep and mental health outcomes. This study aimed to explore the associations between circadian preference and self-reported sleep, depression, anxiety, quality of life, loneliness, and self-harm/suicidal thoughts. Data stem from a national survey of students in higher education in Norway (the SHoT-study). All 169,572 students in Norway were invited to participate, and 59,554 students (66.5% women) accepted (response rate = 35.1%). Circadian preference was associated with sleep and mental health outcomes in a dose-response manner. For both genders, being an evening type (either definitely evening or more evening than morning) was associated with an increase in age-adjusted relative risk (RR-adjusted; range = 1.44 to 2.52 vs. 1.15 to 1.90, respectively) across all outcomes compared with definitely morning types. Overall, the present study provides further evidence that evening circadian preference is associated with adverse sleep and mental health outcomes in young adults. As such, future efforts to improve sleep and mental health in young adults should consider their circadian preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaia Kjørstad
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Øystein Vedaa
- Department of Research and Development, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ståle Pallesen
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Optentia, The Vaal Triangle Campus of the North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
| | - Ingvild West Saxvig
- Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Centre for Sleep Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mari Hysing
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Børge Sivertsen
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Research and Innovation, Helse-Fonna HF, Haugesund, Norway
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13
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Ali RA. Changes in sleeping habits during the pubertal years; A descriptive study conducted in Jordan. Open Nurs J 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/18744346-v16-e2206030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
There is limited information about changes in sleeping habits during the pubertal years of development among adolescents in Jordan.
Objective:
This study examined sleeping habits at the onset and end of puberty.
Methods:
This study utilized data from a nationwide survey in Jordan.
Participants: Sleeping habits were obtained from 3,661 adolescents aged 11(onset of puberty) and 15 years (end of puberty) and their mothers using a self-reported questionnaire. The number of hours slept and bedtimes and wake-up times on both school and non-school days were examined.
Results:
On school days, 60% of 11-year-old and 34% of 15-year-old adolescents slept between 8:00-10:00 pm. On school days, the 11-year-old adolescent group reported sleeping significantly longer than the 15-year-old adolescent group, and the proportions of adolescents who met the minimal recommended sleeping hours were 64% and 54%, respectively. Sleeping hours were long for both groups attending government schools; for the 15-year-old adolescent group, sleeping hours varied with family income and maternal education. In the case of both groups, on non-school days sleeping hours varied with gender, family income, and type of school.
Conclusion:
At the end of pubertal years, adolescent sleeping habits differ significantly from those of adolescents at the onset of puberty. On school days, insufficient sleep is much evident in the case of both 11 and 15-year-old adolescent groups, but more pronounced in the latter. Nursing initiatives to address poor sleeping habits among adolescents are warranted, given their efficacy in promoting healthy growth and development within this age group.
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14
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Maksniemi E, Hietajärvi L, Ketonen EE, Lonka K, Puukko K, Salmela‐Aro K. Intraindividual associations between active social media use, exhaustion, and bedtime vary according to age—A longitudinal study across adolescence. J Adolesc 2022; 94:401-414. [DOI: 10.1002/jad.12033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Maksniemi
- Faculty of Educational Sciences University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Lauri Hietajärvi
- Faculty of Educational Sciences University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Elina E. Ketonen
- Faculty of Educational Sciences University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Kirsti Lonka
- Faculty of Educational Sciences University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Optentia Research Focus Area North‐West University Potchefstroom South Africa
| | - Kati Puukko
- Faculty of Educational Sciences University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
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15
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Kaldenbach S, Leonhardt M, Lien L, Bjærtnes AA, Strand TA, Holten-Andersen MN. Sleep and energy drink consumption among Norwegian adolescents - a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:534. [PMID: 35303832 PMCID: PMC8932303 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12972-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adolescents are recommended to get 8–10 h of sleep at night, yet more than 80% fail to obtain this goal. Energy drink (ED) consumption has been linked to later bedtime in adolescents. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the potential association between ED consumption and sleep duration, and shuteye latency among adolescents in Norway. Methods This study was based on data from 15- to 16-year-old adolescents living in Oppland County in 2017. In total, 1353 adolescents were included in the analysis. Multiple regression models were used to estimate the associations between the frequency of ED consumption with sleep duration, shuteye latency, and getting 8 h of sleep. Results Forty-six point five percent of the adolescents reported sleeping more than 8 h at night. Those who reported ED consumption at any frequency had significantly shorter sleep duration than those who did not. On average, high consumers of ED (consuming ED ≥ 4 times a week) had 0.95 (95% CI: 0.61, 1.28) hours (i.e., 57 min) less sleep than those who never consumed ED. In addition, high consumers had more than 25 min (95% CI: 13.95, 36.92) longer shuteye period than those who never consumed ED. Conclusion Most ED consumers fail to obtain the recommended 8 h of sleep at night, which could be a consequence of shorter sleep duration and longer shuteye latency. We found a dose-response relationship between frequency of ED consumption and reduced sleep. Yet, the potential long-term effects of both ED consumption and insufficient sleep among adolescents remain unclear. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-12972-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siri Kaldenbach
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Innlandet Hospital Trust, P.O. Box 104, Brumunddal, 2381, Norway. .,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Marja Leonhardt
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Concurrent Substance Abuse and Mental Health Disorders, Innlandet Hospital Trust, P.O. Box 104, Brumunddal, 2381, Norway.,Faculty for Health Studies, VID Specialized University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Lien
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Concurrent Substance Abuse and Mental Health Disorders, Innlandet Hospital Trust, P.O. Box 104, Brumunddal, 2381, Norway.,Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
| | - Asborg A Bjærtnes
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Innlandet Hospital Trust, P.O. Box 104, Brumunddal, 2381, Norway
| | - Tor A Strand
- Department of Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer, Norway.,Center of International Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7804, Bergen, 5020, Norway
| | - Mads N Holten-Andersen
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Innlandet Hospital Trust, P.O. Box 104, Brumunddal, 2381, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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16
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Neculicioiu VS, Colosi IA, Costache C, Sevastre-Berghian A, Clichici S. Time to Sleep?-A Review of the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Sleep and Mental Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:3497. [PMID: 35329184 PMCID: PMC8954484 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sleep is intrinsically tied to mental and overall health. Short sleep duration accompanies the modern lifestyle, possibly reaching epidemic proportions. The pandemic and subsequent lockdowns determined a fundamental shift in the modern lifestyle and had profound effects on sleep and mental health. This paper aims to provide an overview of the relationship between sleep, mental health and COVID-19. Contrasting outcomes on sleep health have been highlighted by most reports during the pandemic in the general population. Consequently, while longer sleep durations have been reported, this change was accompanied by decreases in sleep quality and altered sleep timing. Furthermore, an increased impact of sleep deficiencies and mental health burden was generally reported in health care workers as compared with the adult general population. Although not among the most frequent symptoms during the acute or persistent phase, an increased prevalence of sleep deficiencies has been reported in patients with acute and long COVID. The importance of sleep in immune regulation is well known. Consequently, sleep deficiencies may influence multiple aspects of COVID-19, such as the risk, severity, and prognosis of the infection and even vaccine response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlad Sever Neculicioiu
- Department of Microbiology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.A.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Ioana Alina Colosi
- Department of Microbiology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.A.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Carmen Costache
- Department of Microbiology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.A.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Alexandra Sevastre-Berghian
- Department of Physiology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.S.-B.); (S.C.)
| | - Simona Clichici
- Department of Physiology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.S.-B.); (S.C.)
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17
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Hamre R, Smith ORF, Samdal O, Haug E. Gaming Behaviors and the Association with Sleep Duration, Social Jetlag, and Difficulties Falling Asleep among Norwegian Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031765. [PMID: 35162788 PMCID: PMC8834670 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between gaming and sleep is mostly informed by studies of addictive gaming behavior, thus limiting our understanding of sleep in the context of nonproblematic engaged gaming. The present study investigated whether addicted, problem, and engaged gaming behavior was associated with sleep duration, social jetlag, and difficulties falling asleep. The sample consisted of 13- and 16-year-old Norwegian adolescents (n = 3228) participating in the Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC) survey in 2018. Participants were categorized into addicted, problem, engaged, and normal/non-gaming behavior groups according to which GAS-7 criteria they fulfilled. Robust generalized linear mixed models with a random intercept for class ID were used to examine the association between the sleep variables and gaming behavior. Addicted gaming behavior was unfavorably associated with all sleep parameters. The findings for engaged gaming and problem gaming behavior were somewhat mixed. Engaged gamers slept less on weekends, less on weekdays for those aged 16, and experienced greater social jetlag compared to the normal/non-gaming group. Problem gamers experienced greater social jetlag and had higher odds of experiencing difficulties falling asleep. Overall, the results suggest that all types of gaming behaviors might harm sleep health, but to a greater extent for the addicted gamers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Hamre
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (R.H.); (O.S.)
| | | | - Oddrun Samdal
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (R.H.); (O.S.)
| | - Ellen Haug
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (R.H.); (O.S.)
- Department of Teacher Education, NLA University College, Bergen, Pb 74 Sandviken, 5812 Bergen, Norway
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +47-958-095-48
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18
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Tereshchenko SY, Shubina MV, Semenova NB, Evert LS, Gorbacheva NN. The relationship between internet addiction and sleep disorders in adolescents of Central Siberia in different types of consumed content. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2022; 122:58-64. [PMID: 35759568 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202212205258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Y Tereshchenko
- Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch - Research Institute for Medical Problems in the North, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - M V Shubina
- Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch - Research Institute for Medical Problems in the North, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - N B Semenova
- Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch - Research Institute for Medical Problems in the North, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - L S Evert
- Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch - Research Institute for Medical Problems in the North, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - N N Gorbacheva
- Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch - Research Institute for Medical Problems in the North, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
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19
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Saxvig IW, Pallesen S, Sivertsen B, Hysing M, Evanger LN, Bjorvatn B. Sleep during COVID-19-related school lockdown, a longitudinal study among high school students. J Sleep Res 2021; 31:e13499. [PMID: 34601775 PMCID: PMC8646238 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
There has been great concern about the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related school lockdown on adolescent health. The aim of the present study was to compare sleep patterns before and during COVID-19-related school lockdown, in a large sample of high school students. The present study is based a prospective, longitudinal survey on adolescent sleep health. Phase 1 was conducted in 2019, whereas phase 2 was conducted in 2020 (response rate 60.2%), during the last 10 days of a 60-day long school lockdown. Main outcomes comprised sleep parameters from the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire (MCTQ). A total of 2,022 students provided valid responses to MCTQ in both survey phases. Results showed later sleep timing on schooldays in 2020 compared to 2019 (36 min later bedtimes, Cohen's d = 0.56; 1:35 hr later rise times, Cohen's d = 1.44). Time spent in bed on schooldays increased from 8:20 to 9:19 hr (Cohen's d = 0.78), and sleep duration increased by 45 min (Cohen's d = 0.49). The proportion of adolescents obtaining the recommended ≥8 hr of sleep on schooldays increased from 13.4% (2019) to 37.5% during the lockdown. Social jetlag was reduced from 2:37 hr (2019) to 1:53 hr (2020, Cohen's d = 0.59). Results points to a potential advantageous effect of school lockdown in terms of increased school day sleep duration and reduced social jetlag. As sleep is important for mental and somatic health, it is conceivable that increased sleep duration offered some protection against harmful aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated social restrictions. Future studies should address possible associations between sleep changes and health during COVID-19-related school lockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingvild West Saxvig
- Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Centre for Sleep Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ståle Pallesen
- Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Optentia Research Focus Area, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark Campus, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
| | - Børge Sivertsen
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Research and Innovation, Helse Fonna HF, Haugesund, Norway.,Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mari Hysing
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Linn Nyjordet Evanger
- Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bjørn Bjorvatn
- Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Centre for Sleep Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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20
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Tereshchenko S, Kasparov E, Smolnikova M, Shubina M, Gorbacheva N, Moskalenko O. Internet Addiction and Sleep Problems among Russian Adolescents: A Field School-Based Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph181910397. [PMID: 34639694 PMCID: PMC8507923 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to establish a link between disturbances in the night sleep habitus, quality of sleep, and daytime sleepiness in adolescents with Internet addiction and different types of content consumed. Methods: This is a cross-sectional observational study of a school sample in three large cities in Central Siberia. 4615 schoolchildren of 12–18 years old were examined. The Russian-language versions of the Chen Internet Addiction Scale, the Game Addiction Scale for Adolescents, and the Social Media Disorder Scale were used to identify Internet addiction. Questions from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire were used to assess nighttime sleep. Daytime sleepiness was assessed using the Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale questionnaire. Results: Adolescents with Internet addiction go to bed and wake up late; they are characterized by a decrease in the duration of nighttime sleep, an increase in sleep onset latency, and frequent nighttime awakenings, as well as more pronounced daytime sleepiness. Among the sleep parameters studied, the indicators of daytime sleepiness and night awakening scales have the highest effect size in Internet-addicted adolescents, regardless of the media consumed. Conclusion: Internet-addicted adolescents are characterized by significant disturbances in the quality of nighttime sleep and excessive daytime sleepiness, which requires appropriate psychological correction.
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21
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Saxvig IW, Evanger LN, Pallesen S, Hysing M, Sivertsen B, Gradisar M, Bjorvatn B. Circadian typology and implications for adolescent sleep health. Results from a large, cross-sectional, school-based study. Sleep Med 2021; 83:63-70. [PMID: 33990068 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To investigate circadian typology in a large, representative sample of Norwegian adolescents, and its implications for sleep health. METHODS The sample included 3920 1st year high school students aged 16-17 years. Respondents completed a web-based survey, including the short version of the Horne-Ostberg Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (rMEQ), the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ) and items on sleep-related behaviors (eg electronic media usage in bed, consumption of caffeinated beverages), sleep beliefs and daytime sleepiness. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVAs and Chi-squared tests. RESULTS In all, 7.8% were categorized as morning, 52.3% as intermediate and 39.9% as evening types, respectively. Evening types had later sleep timing, longer sleep latency, more social jetlag and shorter school day sleep duration than morning types, with intermediate types displaying a sleep pattern between these two extremes. None of the circadian types met the minimum recommended amount of sleep on school nights (ie 8+ hours), and only morning types had a mean sleep duration of 7+ hours (7:19 h, nearly 1 h more than evening types who slept 6:20 h, p < 0.001). Evening types reported more use of electronic media in bed, more consumption of caffeinated beverages and more daytime sleepiness than the other circadian types. They were also less satisfied with their school day sleep duration and perceived it more difficult to change their sleep pattern. CONCLUSIONS Results from this study suggest that eveningness represents a sleep health challenge for older adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingvild West Saxvig
- Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Norway; Centre for Sleep Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Norway.
| | - Linn Nyjordet Evanger
- Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Norway
| | - Ståle Pallesen
- Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Norway; Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Norway; Optentia, The Vaal Triangle Campus of the North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
| | - Mari Hysing
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Børge Sivertsen
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway; Department of Research and Innovation, Helse Fonna, HF, Norway; Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway
| | - Michael Gradisar
- College of Education, Psychology & Social Work, Flinders University, Australia
| | - Bjørn Bjorvatn
- Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Norway; Centre for Sleep Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Norway; Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Norway
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