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Basu C, Cannon PL, Awgulewitsch CP, Galindo CL, Gamazon ER, Hatzopoulos AK. Transcriptome analysis of cardiac endothelial cells after myocardial infarction reveals temporal changes and long-term deficits. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9991. [PMID: 38693202 PMCID: PMC11063162 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59155-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) have essential roles in cardiac tissue repair after myocardial infarction (MI). To establish stage-specific and long-term effects of the ischemic injury on cardiac ECs, we analyzed their transcriptome at landmark time points after MI in mice. We found that early EC response at Day 2 post-MI centered on metabolic changes, acquisition of proinflammatory phenotypes, initiation of the S phase of cell cycle, and activation of stress-response pathways, followed by progression to mitosis (M/G2 phase) and acquisition of proangiogenic and mesenchymal properties during scar formation at Day 7. In contrast, genes involved in vascular physiology and maintenance of vascular tone were suppressed. Importantly, ECs did not return to pre-injury phenotypes after repair has been completed but maintained inflammatory, fibrotic and thrombotic characteristics and lost circadian rhythmicity. We discovered that the highest induced transcript is the mammalian-specific Sh2d5 gene that promoted migration and invasion of ECs through Rac1 GTPase. Our results revealed a synchronized, temporal activation of disease phenotypes, metabolic pathways, and proliferation in quiescent ECs after MI, indicating that precisely-timed interventions are necessary to optimize cardiac tissue repair and improve outcomes. Furthermore, long-term effects of acute ischemic injury on ECs may contribute to vascular dysfunction and development of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitra Basu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Presley L Cannon
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Cassandra P Awgulewitsch
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Cristi L Galindo
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Eric R Gamazon
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Antonis K Hatzopoulos
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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2
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Ricciotti E, Haines PG, Chai W, FitzGerald GA. Prostanoids in Cardiac and Vascular Remodeling. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:558-583. [PMID: 38269585 PMCID: PMC10922399 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.320045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Prostanoids are biologically active lipids generated from arachidonic acid by the action of the COX (cyclooxygenase) isozymes. NSAIDs, which reduce the biosynthesis of prostanoids by inhibiting COX activity, are effective anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic drugs. However, their use is limited by cardiovascular adverse effects, including myocardial infarction, stroke, hypertension, and heart failure. While it is well established that NSAIDs increase the risk of atherothrombotic events and hypertension by suppressing vasoprotective prostanoids, less is known about the link between NSAIDs and heart failure risk. Current evidence indicates that NSAIDs may increase the risk for heart failure by promoting adverse myocardial and vascular remodeling. Indeed, prostanoids play an important role in modulating structural and functional changes occurring in the myocardium and in the vasculature in response to physiological and pathological stimuli. This review will summarize current knowledge of the role of the different prostanoids in myocardial and vascular remodeling and explore how maladaptive remodeling can be counteracted by targeting specific prostanoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Ricciotti
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics (E.R., G.A.F.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (E.R., G.A.F.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Philip G Haines
- Rhode Island Hospital, Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence (P.G.H.)
| | - William Chai
- Health and Human Biology, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI (W.C.)
| | - Garret A FitzGerald
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics (E.R., G.A.F.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (E.R., G.A.F.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
- Department of Medicine (G.A.F.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
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Reid HM, Maginn M, Perkins CM, Mulvaney EP, Boyce M, Yamamoto T, Kinsella BT. Evaluation of NTP42, a novel thromboxane receptor antagonist, in a first-in-human phase I clinical trial. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1296188. [PMID: 38178863 PMCID: PMC10764490 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1296188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The thromboxane receptor (TP) antagonist NTP42 is in clinical development for treatment of cardiopulmonary diseases, such as pulmonary arterial hypertension. In this randomized, placebo-controlled Phase I clinical trial, NTP42, administered as the oral formulation NTP42:KVA4, was evaluated for safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics (PD) in healthy males. Methods: The first-in-human trial had three Parts: A, single ascending dose (SAD) study with seven groups given 0.25-243 mg NTP42:KVA4 or placebo; B, food effect study where one SAD group (9 mg) was also given NTP42:KVA4 or placebo after a high-fat breakfast; C, multiple ascending dose study with three groups given 15-135 mg NTP42:KVA4 or placebo once-daily for 7 days. Results: Seventy-nine volunteers participated. No serious adverse events occurred, where any drug- or placebo-related adverse events were mild to moderate, with no correlation to NTP42:KVA4 dose. NTP42 was rapidly absorbed, yielding dose proportional increases in exposure after single and repeat dosing. PK confirmed that, with a clearance (T1/2) of 18.7 h, NTP42:KVA4 is suited to once-daily dosing, can be taken with or without food, and does not accumulate on repeat dosing. At doses ≥1 mg, NTP42 led to complete and sustained inhibition of thromboxane-, but not ADP-, induced platelet aggregation ex vivo, with direct correlation between NTP42 exposure and duration of PD effects. Conclusion: Orally administered NTP42:KVA4 was well tolerated, with favorable PK/PD profiles and evidence of specific TP target engagement. These findings support continued clinical development of NTP42:KVA4 for cardiopulmonary or other relevant diseases with unmet needs. Clinical Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT04919863.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M. Reid
- ATXA Therapeutics Limited, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark Maginn
- ATXA Therapeutics Limited, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C. Michael Perkins
- ATXA Therapeutics Limited, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eamon P. Mulvaney
- ATXA Therapeutics Limited, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Malcolm Boyce
- Hammersmith Medicines Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - B. Therese Kinsella
- ATXA Therapeutics Limited, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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Dimitroglou Y, Aggeli C, Theofilis P, Tsioufis P, Oikonomou E, Chasikidis C, Tsioufis K, Tousoulis D. Novel Anti-Inflammatory Therapies in Coronary Artery Disease and Acute Coronary Syndromes. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1669. [PMID: 37629526 PMCID: PMC10455741 DOI: 10.3390/life13081669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that inflammation plays an important role in atherosclerosis and the consequent clinical presentation, including stable coronary artery disease (CAD) and acute coronary syndromes (ACS). The most essential elements are cytokines, proteins with hormone-like properties that are produced by the immune cells, endothelial cells, platelets, fibroblasts, and some stromal cells. Interleukins (IL-1β and IL-6), chemokines, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) are the cytokines commonly associated with endothelial dysfunction, vascular inflammation, and atherosclerosis. These molecules can be targeted by commonly used therapeutic substances or selective molecules that exert targeted anti-inflammatory actions. The most significant anti-inflammatory therapies are aspirin, statins, colchicine, IL-1β inhibitors, and IL-6 inhibitors, along with novel therapies such as TNF-α inhibitors and IL-1 receptor antagonists. Aspirin and statins are well-established therapies for atherosclerosis and CAD and their pleiotropic and anti-inflammatory actions contribute to their efficacy and favorable profile. Colchicine may also be considered in high-risk patients if recurrent ACS episodes occur when on optimal medical therapy according to the most recent guidelines. Recent randomized studies have also shown that therapies specifically targeting inflammatory interleukins and inflammation can reduce the risk for cardiovascular events, but these therapies are yet to be fully implemented in clinical practice. Preclinical research is also intense, targeting various inflammatory mediators that are believed to be implicated in CAD, namely repeated transfers of the soluble mutant of IFN-γ receptors, NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors, IL-10 delivery by nanocarriers, chemokine modulatory treatments, and reacting oxygen species (ROS) targeting nanoparticles. Such approaches, although intriguing and promising, ought to be tested in clinical settings before safe conclusions can be drawn. Although the link between inflammation and atherosclerosis is significant, further studies are needed in order to elucidate this association and improve outcomes in patients with CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannis Dimitroglou
- First Department of Cardiology, “Hippokration” General Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece; (Y.D.); (C.A.); (P.T.); (K.T.); (D.T.)
| | - Constantina Aggeli
- First Department of Cardiology, “Hippokration” General Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece; (Y.D.); (C.A.); (P.T.); (K.T.); (D.T.)
| | - Panagiotis Theofilis
- First Department of Cardiology, “Hippokration” General Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece; (Y.D.); (C.A.); (P.T.); (K.T.); (D.T.)
| | - Panagiotis Tsioufis
- First Department of Cardiology, “Hippokration” General Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece; (Y.D.); (C.A.); (P.T.); (K.T.); (D.T.)
| | - Evangelos Oikonomou
- Third Department of Cardiology, Thoracic Diseases General Hospital “Sotiria”, University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Christos Chasikidis
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Corinth, 20100 Corinth, Greece;
| | - Konstantinos Tsioufis
- First Department of Cardiology, “Hippokration” General Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece; (Y.D.); (C.A.); (P.T.); (K.T.); (D.T.)
| | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- First Department of Cardiology, “Hippokration” General Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece; (Y.D.); (C.A.); (P.T.); (K.T.); (D.T.)
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van Steenwijk HP, Winter E, Knaven E, Brouwers JF, van Baardwijk M, van Dalum JB, Luijendijk TJC, van Osch FHM, Troost FJ, Bast A, Semen KO, de Boer A. The beneficial effect of sulforaphane on platelet responsiveness during caloric load: a single-intake, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial in healthy participants. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1204561. [PMID: 37485383 PMCID: PMC10359317 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1204561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims As our understanding of platelet activation in response to infections and/or inflammatory conditions is growing, it is becoming clearer that safe, yet efficacious, platelet-targeted phytochemicals could improve public health beyond the field of cardiovascular diseases. The phytonutrient sulforaphane shows promise for clinical use due to its effect on inflammatory pathways, favorable pharmacokinetic profile, and high bioavailability. The potential of sulforaphane to improve platelet functionality in impaired metabolic processes has however hardly been studied in humans. This study investigated the effects of broccoli sprout consumption, as a source of sulforaphane, on urinary 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 (TXB2), a stable thromboxane metabolite used to monitor eicosanoid biosynthesis and response to antithrombotic therapy, in healthy participants exposed to caloric overload. Methods In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial 12 healthy participants were administered 16g of broccoli sprouts, or pea sprouts (placebo) followed by the standardized high-caloric drink PhenFlex given to challenge healthy homeostasis. Urine samples were collected during the study visits and analyzed for 11-dehydro-TXB2, sulforaphane and its metabolites. Genotyping was performed using Illumina GSA v3.0 DTCBooster. Results Administration of broccoli sprouts before the caloric load reduced urinary 11-dehydro-TXB2 levels by 50% (p = 0.018). The amount of sulforaphane excreted in the urine during the study visits correlated negatively with 11-dehydro-TXB2 (rs = -0.377, p = 0.025). Participants carrying the polymorphic variant NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone 1 (NQO1*2) showed decreased excretion of sulforaphane (p = 0.035). Conclusion Sulforaphane was shown to be effective in targeting platelet responsiveness after a single intake. Our results indicate an inverse causal relationship between sulforaphane and 11-dehydro-TXB2, which is unaffected by the concomitant intake of the metabolic challenge. 11-Dehydro-TXB2 shows promise as a non-invasive, sensitive, and suitable biomarker to investigate the effects of phytonutrients on platelet aggregation within hours. Clinical trial registration [https://clinicaltrials.gov/], identifier [NCT05146804].
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidde P. van Steenwijk
- Food Claims Centre Venlo, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Evi Winter
- Food Claims Centre Venlo, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Edward Knaven
- Research Group Analysis Techniques in the Life Sciences, Avans University of Applied Sciences, Breda, Netherlands
| | - Jos F. Brouwers
- Research Group Analysis Techniques in the Life Sciences, Avans University of Applied Sciences, Breda, Netherlands
| | - Myrthe van Baardwijk
- Omnigen B.V., Delft, Netherlands
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Bioinformatics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Frits H. M. van Osch
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, VieCuri Medical Center, Venlo, Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, NUTRIM, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Freddy J. Troost
- Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Food Innovation and Health, Centre for Healthy Eating and Food Innovation, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Aalt Bast
- University College Venlo, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Khrystyna O. Semen
- University College Venlo, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Alie de Boer
- Food Claims Centre Venlo, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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Zhang C, Ouyang L, Zhang X, Wen W, Xu Y, Li S, Li Y, He F, Liu W, Liu H. Anaphylactoid reactions induced by Shuanghuanglian injection and Shenmai injection and metabolomics analysis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1200199. [PMID: 37484014 PMCID: PMC10358984 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1200199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Shuanghuanglian injection (lyophilized) (SHLI) is commonly used to treat respiratory tract infection. Shenmai injection (SMI) is mainly used to treat cardiovascular diseases. Despite their widespread clinical use, anaphylactoid reactions (ARs) induced by SHLI and SMI have been reported, which have attracted broad attention. However, the impact of ARs on metabolic changes and the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Methods: ICR mice were used as model animals and were treated with normal saline, C48/80, SHLI and SMI, respectively. The behavior of mice, auricle blue staining and Evans Blue exudation were used as indexes to evaluate the sensitization of SHLI and SMI and determine the optimal sensitization dose. Anaphylactoid mice model was established based on the optimal dose and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to model verification. Afterwards, plasma samples of administered mice were profiled by LC-MS metabolomics and analyzed to evaluate the changes in metabolites. Results: High doses of both SHLI and SMI can induce severe anaphylactoid reactions while the reaction induced by SMI was weaker. A Partial Least-Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) score plot indicated that following administration, significant metabolic changes occurred in mice. 23 distinct metabolites, including deoxycholic acid, histamine, and 5-hydroxytryptophan, were identified in the SHLI groups. 11 distinct metabolites, including androsterone, 17α-hydroxypregnenolone, and 5-hydroxyindoleacetate, were identified in the SMI groups. Meanwhile, different metabolic pathways of SHLI and SMI were predicted by different metabolites. The associated metabolic pathways include steroid hormone biosynthesis, tryptophan metabolism, histidine metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, and primary bile acid biosynthesis. Conclusion: Study showed that both SHLI and SMI can induce varying degrees of anaphylactoid reactions, a positive correlation between response intensity and dose was observed. Metabolomics showed that SHLI and SMI may promote the simultaneous release of hormones and inflammatory factors by disturbing relevant metabolic pathways, while SMI may also inhibit the release of inflammatory factors in arachidonic acid metabolic pathway, indicating both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects. This study will serve as a reference for developing a new approach to evaluate the safety of SHLI and SMI from perspective of susceptible drug varieties. However, ARs mechanism requires further verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Linqi Ouyang
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xili Zhang
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Wen Wen
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yuqin Xu
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Shan Li
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yingyu Li
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Fuyuan He
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Wenlong Liu
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
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Beccacece L, Abondio P, Bini C, Pelotti S, Luiselli D. The Link between Prostanoids and Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044193. [PMID: 36835616 PMCID: PMC9962914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of global deaths, and many risk factors contribute to their pathogenesis. In this context, prostanoids, which derive from arachidonic acid, have attracted attention for their involvement in cardiovascular homeostasis and inflammatory processes. Prostanoids are the target of several drugs, but it has been shown that some of them increase the risk of thrombosis. Overall, many studies have shown that prostanoids are tightly associated with cardiovascular diseases and that several polymorphisms in genes involved in their synthesis and function increase the risk of developing these pathologies. In this review, we focus on molecular mechanisms linking prostanoids to cardiovascular diseases and we provide an overview of genetic polymorphisms that increase the risk for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Beccacece
- Computational Genomics Lab, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.B.); (P.A.)
| | - Paolo Abondio
- aDNA Lab, Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna Campus, 48121 Ravenna, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.B.); (P.A.)
| | - Carla Bini
- Unit of Legal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Susi Pelotti
- Unit of Legal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Donata Luiselli
- aDNA Lab, Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna Campus, 48121 Ravenna, Italy
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Inhibitory Effect of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus KSFY07 on Kappa-Carrageenan-Induced Thrombosis in Mice and the Regulation of Oxidative Damage. Cardiovasc Ther 2022; 2022:4415876. [PMID: 35821704 PMCID: PMC9217618 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4415876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A mouse thrombosis model was established by kappa-carrageenan to observe the inhibitory effect of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus KSFY07 (LDSB-KSFY07) on thrombosis and the oxidative stress response. Mouse serum, liver tissue-related indicators, and intestinal microbial composition were measured by examining the expression of microbes in mouse faeces using a biochemical kit, slice observations, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) experiments. The results showed that LDSB-KSFY07 effectively reduced the degree of black tail in thrombotic mice, increased activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and decreased thrombin time (TT), fibrinogen (FIB), and prothrombin time (PT) in thrombotic mice. LDSB-KSFY07 was also able to reduce malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and increase superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels in the serum and liver tissues of thrombotic mice. Pathological observations showed that LDSB-KSFY07 reduced liver tissue lesions and tail vein thrombosis. Further, experimental results showed that LDSB-KSFY07 was able to upregulate the mRNA expression of copper/zinc-SOD (Cu/Zn-SOD), manganese-SOD, and GSH-Px in the liver tissue of thrombotic mice. Moreover, LDSB-KSFY07 was also able to downregulate the mRNA expression of NF-κB p65, intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and E-selectin in tail vein vascular tissue. Meanwhile, LDSB-KSFY07 could raise plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) mRNA expression and reduce tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) expression in heart and tail vein vascular tissues of thrombotic mice. A mouse faeces examination revealed that LDSB-KSFY07 could also upregulate Bacteroides, Lactobacterium, and Bifidobacterium microbial expression and downregulate Firmicutes expression in the gut. These results indicate that LDSB-KSFY07 was able to inhibit mouse thrombosis and reduce liver oxidative stress damage in thrombus mice and show that high concentrations of LDSB-KSFY07 provided a better response similar to that of the drug heparin.
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9
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Wang C, Han L, Wang T, Wang Y, Liu J, Wang B, Xu CB. Cyclosporin A up-regulated thromboxane A 2 receptor through activation of MAPK and NF-κB pathways in rat mesenteric artery. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 926:175034. [PMID: 35588871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cyclosporin A (CsA) is an immunosuppressant used in transplantation patients and inflammatory diseases. CsA-induced local vasoconstriction can lead to serious side effects including nephrotoxicity and hypertension. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Mesenteric artery rings of rats were cultured with CsA and specific inhibitors for mitogen-activating protein kinases (MAPK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways. A sensitive myograph recorded thromboxane (TP) receptor-mediated vasoconstriction. Protein levels of key signaling molecules were assessed by Western blotting. The results show that CsA up-regulated the TP receptor expression with the enhanced vasoconstriction in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, the blockage of MAPKs or NF-κB activation markedly attenuated CsA-enhanced vasoconstriction and the TP receptor protein expression. Rats subcutaneously injected with CsA for three weeks showed increased blood pressure in vivo and increased contractile responses to a TP agonist ex vivo. CsA also enhanced TP receptor, as well as p-ERK1/2, p-p38, p- IκBα, p-NF-κB P65 protein levels and decreased IκBα protein expression, demonstrating that CsA induced TP receptor enhanced-vasoconstriction via activation of MAPK and NF-κB pathways. In conclusion, CsA up-regulated the expression of TP receptors via activation of MAPK and NF-κB pathways. The results may provide novel options for prevention of CsA-associated hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Material Basis of Chinese Medicine of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China.
| | - Lihua Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Yuying Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Jiping Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Material Basis of Chinese Medicine of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Material Basis of Chinese Medicine of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Cang-Bao Xu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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Putman AK, Sordillo LM, Contreras GA. The Link Between 15-F2t-Isoprostane Activity and Acute Bovine Endothelial Inflammation Remains Elusive. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:873544. [PMID: 35573419 PMCID: PMC9100427 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.873544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern dairy cattle suffer from increased incidence and severity of mastitis during major physiological transitions of the lactation cycle. Oxidative stress, a condition resulting from inadequate antioxidant defense against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, is a major underlying component of mastitis pathophysiology. Isoprostanes (IsoP) are molecules derived from cellular lipid membranes upon non-enzymatic interaction with reactive species during inflammation, and are regarded as highly sensitive and specific biomarkers of oxidative stress. Changes in IsoP concentrations have been noted during major physiological transitions and diseases such as coliform mastitis in dairy cattle. However, the biological role of IsoP during oxidative stress in dairy cows has not been well-elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the impacts of IsoP on oxidative stress outcomes in a bovine model of acute endothelial inflammation. Bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC; n = 4) were stimulated with 2,2'-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with or without 15-F2t-IsoP to determine how IsoP influence oxidative stress outcomes. Our endothelial inflammation model showed relatively decreased reactive metabolites and increased barrier integrity in cells treated with both the agonist and IsoP compared to agonist treatment alone. However, IsoP do not appear to affect oxidative stress outcomes during acute inflammation. Understanding the effect of IsoP on BAEC is an early step in elucidating how IsoP impact dairy cows during times of oxidative stress in the context of acute clinical mastitis. Future studies should define the optimal dosing and treatment timing of IsoP to maximize their cytoprotective potential during acute inflammation.
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11
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Wang D, Wang C, Hao X, Carter G, Carter R, Welch WJ, Wilcox CS. Activation of Nrf2 in Mice Causes Early Microvascular Cyclooxygenase-Dependent Oxidative Stress and Enhanced Contractility. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050845. [PMID: 35624708 PMCID: PMC9137799 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) transcribes antioxidant genes that reduce the blood pressure (BP), yet its activation with tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) in mice infused with angiotensin II (Ang II) increased mean arterial pressure (MAP) over the first 4 days of the infusion. Since tBHQ enhanced cyclooxygenase (COX) 2 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), we tested the hypothesis that tBHQ administration during an ongoing Ang II infusion causes an early increase in microvascular COX-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS) and contractility. Mesenteric microarteriolar contractility was assessed on a myograph, and ROS by RatioMaster™. Three days of oral tBHQ administration during the infusion of Ang II increased the mesenteric microarteriolar mRNA for p47phox, the endothelin type A receptor and thromboxane A2 synthase, and increased the excretion of 8-isoprostane F2α and the microarteriolar ROS and contractions to a thromboxane A2 (TxA2) agonist (U-46,619) and endothelin 1 (ET1). These were all prevented in Nrf2 knockout mice. Moreover, the increases in ROS and contractility were prevented in COX1 knockout mice with blockade of COX2 and by blockade of thromboxane prostanoid receptors (TPRs). In conclusion, the activation of Nrf2 over 3 days of Ang II infusion enhances microarteriolar ROS and contractility, which are dependent on COX1, COX2 and TPRs. Therefore, the blockade of these pathways may diminish the early adverse cardiovascular disease events that have been recorded during the initiation of Nrf2 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Hypertension Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Cheng Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Xueqin Hao
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Gabriela Carter
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Hypertension Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Rafaela Carter
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Hypertension Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - William J Welch
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Hypertension Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Christopher S Wilcox
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Hypertension Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
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12
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Ngcobo SR, Nkambule BB, Nyambuya TM, Mokgalaboni K, Ntsethe A, Mxinwa V, Ziqubu K, Ntamo Y, Nyawo TA, Dludla PV. Activated monocytes as a therapeutic target to attenuate vascular inflammation and lower cardiovascular disease-risk in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review of preclinical and clinical studies. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 146:112579. [PMID: 35062054 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Low grade inflammation is associated with the progression of atherosclerosis. Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have altered cholesterol levels, which are targeted by free radicals to promote lipid peroxidation. Elevated levels of monocyte-associated cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), subsequently drive endothelial tissue injury. In fact, the levels of circulating platelet-monocyte aggregates in patients with T2D is a robust marker for atherosclerosis and a cardiovascular disease (CVD)-risk factor. To identify eligible studies, we searched the major online databases using PubMed and Google Scholar. The cumulative evidence synthesized in the current review suggests that, traditional therapies which include thiazolidinediones, statins and some calcium channel blockers can be useful in the primary prevention of atherosclerosis by inhibiting the formation of monocyte-derived microparticles, and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1, and NF-κB in patients with T2D. Future studies are needed to ascertain whether the combination of dietary interventions and glucose or lipid lowering agents can provide an enhanced cardioprotection in patients with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siphamandla R Ngcobo
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Bongani B Nkambule
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Tawanda M Nyambuya
- Department of Health Sciences, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek 9000, Namibia
| | - Kabelo Mokgalaboni
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Aviwe Ntsethe
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Vuyolwethu Mxinwa
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Khanyisani Ziqubu
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mmabatho 2745, South Africa
| | - Yonela Ntamo
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Thembeka A Nyawo
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Centre for Cardiometabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Phiwayinkosi V Dludla
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
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13
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Platelet ACKR3/CXCR7 Favors Anti-Platelet Lipids over an Atherothrombotic Lipidome and Regulates Thrombo-inflammation. Blood 2021; 139:1722-1742. [PMID: 34905596 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021013097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet ACKR3/CXCR7 surface expression is enhanced and influences prognosis in coronary artery disease-(CAD) patients, who exhibit a distinct atherothrombotic platelet lipidome. Current investigation validates the potential of ACKR3/CXCR7 in regulating thrombo-inflammatory response, through its impact on the platelet lipidome. CAD patients-(n=230) with enhanced platelet-ACKR3/CXCR7 expression exhibited reduced aggregation. Pharmacological CXCR7-agonist-(VUF11207) significantly reduced pro-thrombotic platelet response in blood from ACS patients-(n=11) ex vivo. CXCR7-agonist administration reduced thrombotic functions and thrombo-inflammatory platelet-leukocyte interactions post myocardial infarction-(MI) and arterial injury in vivo. ACKR3/CXCR7-ligation did not affect surface availability of GPIbα, GPV, GPVI, GPIX, αv-integrin, β3-integrin, coagulation profile-(APTT, PT), bleeding time, plasma-dependent thrombin generation-(thrombinoscopy) or clot formation-(thromboelastography), but counteracted activation-induced phosphatidylserine exposure and procoagulant platelet-assisted thrombin generation. Targeted-(micro-UHPLC-ESI-QTrap-MS/MS) and untargeted-(UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS) lipidomics analysis revealed that ACKR3/CXCR7-ligation favored generation of anti-thrombotic lipids-(dihomo-γ-linolenic acid-DGLA, 12-hydroxyeicosatrienoic acid-12-HETrE) over cyclooxygenase-COX-1-(thromboxane-TxA2), or 12-lipoxygenase-LOX-(12-HETE) metabolized pro-thrombotic, and phospholipase derived atherogenic-(lysophosphatidylcholine-LPC) lipids, in healthy subjects and CAD patients, contrary to anti-platelet therapy. Through 12-HETrE, ACKR3/CXCR7-ligation coordinated with Gαs-coupled prostacyclin receptor-(IP) to trigger cAMP-PKA mediated platelet inhibition. ACKR3/CXCR7-ligation reduced generation of lipid agonists-(arachidonic acid-AA,TxA2), lipid signaling intermediates-(lyophosphatidylinositol-LPI, diacylglycerol-DG), which affected calcium mobilization, intracellular signaling, consequently platelet interaction with physiological matrices and thrombo-inflammatory secretion-(IL1β,IFN-γ,TGF-β,IL-8), emphasizing its functional dichotomy from pro-thrombotic CXCR4. Moreover, CXCR7-agonist regulated heparin-induced thrombocytopenia-(HIT)-sera/IgG-induced platelet and neutrophil activation, heparin induced platelet aggregation-(HIPA), generation of COX-1-(TxA2), 12-LOX-(12-HETE) derived thrombo-inflammatory lipids, platelet-neutrophil aggregate formation, and thrombo-inflammatory secretion (sCD40L, IL-1β, IFN-γ, TNF-α, sP-selectin, IL-8, tissue factor-TF) ex vivo. Therefore, ACKR3/CXCR7 may offer a novel therapeutic strategy in acute/chronic thrombo-inflammation exaggerated cardiovascular pathologies, and CAD.
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14
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Habib YH, Gowayed MA, Abdelhady SA, El-Deeb NM, Darwish IE, El-Mas MM. Modulation by antenatal therapies of cardiovascular and renal programming in male and female offspring of preeclamptic rats. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 394:2273-2287. [PMID: 34468816 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-021-02146-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Morbidity and mortality risks are enhanced in preeclamptic (PE) mothers and their offspring. Here, we asked if sexual dimorphism exists in (i) cardiovascular and renal damage evolved in offspring of PE mothers, and (ii) offspring responsiveness to antenatal therapies. PE was induced by administering NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 50 mg/kg/day, oral gavage) to pregnant rats for 7 days starting from gestational day 14. Three therapies were co-administered orally with L-NAME, atrasentan (endothelin ETA receptor antagonist), terutroban (thromboxane A2 receptor antagonist, TXA2), or α-methyldopa (α-MD, central sympatholytic drug). Cardiovascular and renal profiles were assessed in 3-month-old offspring. Compared with offspring of non-PE rats, PE offspring exhibited elevated systolic blood pressure and proteinuria and reduced heart rate and creatinine clearance (CrCl). Apart from a greater bradycardia in male offspring, similar PE effects were noted in male and female offspring. While terutroban, atrasentan, or α-MD partially and similarly blunted the PE-evoked changes in CrCl and proteinuria, terutroban was the only drug that virtually abolished PE hypertension. Rises in cardiorenal inflammatory (tumor necrosis factor alpha, TNFα) and oxidative (isoprostane) markers were mostly and equally eliminated by all therapies in the two sexes, except for a greater dampening action of atrasentan, compared with α-MD, on tissue TNFα in female offspring only. Histopathologically, antenatal terutroban or atrasentan was more effective than α-MD in rectifying cardiac structural damage, myofiber separation, and cytoplasmic alterations, in PE offspring. The repair by antenatal terutroban or atrasentan of cardiovascular and renal anomalies in PE offspring is mostly sex-independent and surpasses the protection offered by α-MD, the conventional PE therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser H Habib
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mennatallah A Gowayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sherien A Abdelhady
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nevine M El-Deeb
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Inas E Darwish
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M El-Mas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
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15
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Martucci G, Arcadipane A, Tuzzolino F, Occhipinti G, Panarello G, Carcione C, Bertani A, Conaldi PG, Miceli V. Circulating miRNAs as Promising Biomarkers to Evaluate ECMO Treatment Responses in ARDS Patients. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11080551. [PMID: 34436314 PMCID: PMC8398026 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11080551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has increased in the last decade. However, mortality remains high, and the complexity of ECMO requires individualized treatment. There are some biomarkers to monitor progression and predict clinical outcomes of ARDS. This project aims to advance the management of ARDS patients treated with ECMO by exploring miRNA expression in whole blood. The analysis was conducted on two groups with different length of ECMO: Group A (longer runs) and group B (shorter runs). We analyzed miRNAs before ECMO cannulation, and at 7 and 14 days of ECMO support. Our results showed that in the group B patients, 11 deregulated miRNAs were identified, and showed an opposite trend of expression compared to the group A patients. In silico analysis revealed that these 11 miRNAs were related to processes involved in the pathogenesis and evolution of ARDS. This scenario could represent homeostatic mechanisms by which, in ECMO responsive patients, pathways activated during ARDS progression are switched-off. Circulating miRNAs could represent promising biomarkers to monitor the evolution of ARDS under ECMO support. Further studies may shed light on this topic to improve a personalized approach in such a complex setting of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Martucci
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, IRCCS-ISMETT, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.M.); (A.A.); (G.O.); (G.P.)
| | - Antonio Arcadipane
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, IRCCS-ISMETT, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.M.); (A.A.); (G.O.); (G.P.)
| | - Fabio Tuzzolino
- Research Department, IRCCS-ISMETT, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (F.T.); (P.G.C.)
| | - Giovanna Occhipinti
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, IRCCS-ISMETT, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.M.); (A.A.); (G.O.); (G.P.)
| | - Giovanna Panarello
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, IRCCS-ISMETT, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.M.); (A.A.); (G.O.); (G.P.)
| | | | - Alessandro Bertani
- Division of Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation, Department for the Treatment and Study of Cardiothoracic Diseases and Cardiothoracic Transplantation, IRCCS-ISMETT, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | | | - Vitale Miceli
- Research Department, IRCCS-ISMETT, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (F.T.); (P.G.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-091-219-2430
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16
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Li B, Huang R, Wang R, Liu Y, Stief CG, Hennenberg M. Picotamide inhibits a wide spectrum of agonist-induced smooth muscle contractions in porcine renal interlobar and coronary arteries. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2021; 9:e00771. [PMID: 33929093 PMCID: PMC8085950 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Picotamide is a thromboxane A2 (TXA2) receptor antagonist and TXA2 synthase inhibitor. In clinical studies, it has been considered as a platelet aggregation inhibitor and improved renal function. In vitro studies suggested inhibition of smooth muscle contraction by picotamide, which is poorly understood. Here, we examined effects of picotamide on contractions of renal interlobar and coronary porcine arteries, induced by different vasoconstrictors. Contractions were induced in an organ bath by agonists or electric field stimulation (EFS). Picotamide inhibited EFS‐induced contractions of interlobar arteries around 50% using concentrations of 100 and 300 µM. In interlobar arteries, concentration response curves for contractions induced by three different α1‐adrenoceptor agonists were shifted to the right by picotamide (2–10‐fold increases in EC50). In coronary arteries, α1‐adrenergic contractions were inhibited without right shift (approx. 50%). Contractions induced by two different cholinergic agonists in coronary arteries were inhibited by picotamide (≥50%) withouth right shift. Inhibition of serotonin‐induced contractions by picotamide showed features of a right shift, whereas contractions induced by the TXA2 analog U46619, angiotensin‐II, and endothelin‐1 were inhibited by picotamide in interlobar and coronary arteries without right shifts and to different degree. Picotamide inhibits a wide spectrum of vasoconstrictor‐induced contractions in porcine interlobar and coronary arteries. Inhibition of vasocontraction may contribute to beneficial effects of picotamide in the cardiovascular system and kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingsheng Li
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ru Huang
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ruixiao Wang
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yuhan Liu
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian G Stief
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Hennenberg
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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17
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Mazzocchi A, De Cosmi V, Risé P, Milani GP, Turolo S, Syrén ML, Sala A, Agostoni C. Bioactive Compounds in Edible Oils and Their Role in Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Front Physiol 2021; 12:659551. [PMID: 33995124 PMCID: PMC8119658 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.659551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet and inflammatory response are recognized as strictly related, and interest in exploring the potential of edible fats and oils for health and chronic diseases is emerging worldwide. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) present in fish oil (FO), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), may be partly converted into oxygenated bioactive lipids with anti-inflammatory and/or pro-resolving activities. Moreover, the co-presence of phenolic compounds and vitamins in edible oils may prevent the development of chronic diseases by their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective, and immunomodulatory activities. Finally, a high content in mono-unsaturated fatty acids may improve the serum lipid profile and decrease the alterations caused by the oxidized low-density lipoproteins and free radicals. The present review aims to highlight the role of lipids and other bioactive compounds contained in edible oils on oxidative stress and inflammation, focusing on critical and controversial issues that recently emerged, and pointing to the opposing role often played by edible oils components and their oxidized metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Mazzocchi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina De Cosmi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Pediatric Intermediate Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Risé
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gregorio Paolo Milani
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Pediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Turolo
- Pediatric Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Marie-Louise Syrén
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Sala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Istituto per la Ricerca e l'Innovazione Biomedica (IRIB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Carlo Agostoni
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Pediatric Intermediate Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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18
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Merashli M, Bucci T, Pastori D, Pignatelli P, Arcaro A, Gentile F, Marottoli V, Ames PRJ. Isoprostanes in systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Autoimmun Rev 2021; 20:102821. [PMID: 33872768 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mira Merashli
- Department of Rheumatology, American University of Beirut, Bliss, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Tommaso Bucci
- Department of General Surgery, Surgical Specialties and Organ Transplantation "Paride Stefanini", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Pastori
- Prima Clinica Medica, Atherothrombosis Centre, Department of Clinical, Internal Medicine, Anaesthesiologic, & Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Pasquale Pignatelli
- Prima Clinica Medica, Atherothrombosis Centre, Department of Clinical, Internal Medicine, Anaesthesiologic, & Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Arcaro
- Department of Medicine & Health Sciences 'V.Tiberio', University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Gentile
- Department of Medicine & Health Sciences 'V.Tiberio', University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | | | - Paul R J Ames
- Immune Response and Vascular Disease Unit, CEDOC, Nova University Lisbon, Rua Camara Pestana, Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Haematology, Dumfries Royal Infirmary, Cargenbridge, Dumfries, UK.
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19
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Xie T, Zhang Z, Cui Y, Shu Y, Liu Y, Zou J, Wang M, Wang Y, Yang Q, Pan X, Cai J, Sun X, Yao Y, Wang X. Prostaglandin E 2 promotes pathological retinal neovascularisation via EP 4R-EGFR-Gab1-AKT signaling pathway. Exp Eye Res 2021; 205:108507. [PMID: 33609510 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Proliferative retinopathies, such as proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) are major causes of visual impairment and blindness in industrialized countries. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is implicated in cellular proliferation and migration via E-prostanoid receptor (EP4R). The aim of this study was to investigate the role of PGE2/EP4R signaling in the promotion of retinal neovascularisation. In a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic model and an oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model, rats received an intravitreal injection of PGE2, cay10598 (an EP4R agonist) or AH23848 (an EP4R antagonist). Optical coherence tomography, retinal histology and biochemical markers were assessed. Treatment with PGE2 or cay10598 accelerated pathological retinal angiogenesis in STZ and OIR-induced rat retina, which was ameliorated in rats pretreated with AH23848. Serum VEGF-A was upregulated in the PGE2-treated diabetic rats vs non-treated diabetic rats and significantly downregulated in AH23848-treated diabetic rats. PGE2 or cay10598 treatment also significantly accelerated endothelial tip-cell formation in new-born rat retina. In addition, AH23848 treatment attenuated PGE2-or cay10598-induced proliferation and migration by repressing the EGF receptor (EGFR)/Growth factor receptor bound protein 2-associated binder protein 1 (Gab1)/Akt/NF-κB/VEGF-A signaling network in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (hRMECs). PGE2/EP4R signaling network is thus a potential therapeutic target for pathological intraocular angiogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Biphenyl Compounds/pharmacology
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental
- Dinoprostone/physiology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- ErbB Receptors/metabolism
- Intravitreal Injections
- Male
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Oxygen/toxicity
- Phosphoproteins/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Pyrrolidinones/pharmacology
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype/agonists
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype/metabolism
- Retinal Neovascularization/metabolism
- Retinal Neovascularization/physiopathology
- Retinal Vessels/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- Tetrazoles/pharmacology
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhua Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214023, PR China; Center of Clinical Research, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214023, PR China; Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, 200080, PR China
| | - Zhonghong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214023, PR China; Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, PR China
| | - Yuqing Cui
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214023, PR China
| | - Yishun Shu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214023, PR China
| | - Yanqiu Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214023, PR China
| | - Jian Zou
- Center of Clinical Research, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214023, PR China
| | - Man Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214023, PR China
| | - Yangningzhi Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214023, PR China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214023, PR China; Center of Clinical Research, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214023, PR China
| | - Xubin Pan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, 200 Huihe Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214062, PR China
| | - Jiping Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214023, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, 200080, PR China
| | - Yong Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214023, PR China.
| | - Xiaolu Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214023, PR China; Center of Clinical Research, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214023, PR China.
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20
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Suto K, Fukuda D, Shinohara M, Ganbaatar B, Yagi S, Kusunose K, Yamada H, Soeki T, Hirata KI, Sata M. Pemafibrate, A Novel Selective Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α Modulator, Reduces Plasma Eicosanoid Levels and Ameliorates Endothelial Dysfunction in Diabetic Mice. J Atheroscler Thromb 2021; 28:1349-1360. [PMID: 33775978 PMCID: PMC8629704 DOI: 10.5551/jat.61101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims:
Various pathological processes related to diabetes cause endothelial dysfunction. Eicosanoids derived from arachidonic acid (AA) have roles in vascular regulation. Fibrates have recently been shown to attenuate vascular complications in diabetics. Here we examined the effects of pemafibrate, a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α modulator, on plasma eicosanoid levels and endothelial function in diabetic mice.
Methods:
Diabetes was induced in 7-week-old male wild-type mice by a single injection of streptozotocin (150 mg/kg). Pemafibrate (0.3 mg/kg/day) was administered orally for 3 weeks. Untreated mice received vehicle. Circulating levels of eicosanoids and free fatty acids were measured using both gas and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vascular responses to acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside, respectively, were analyzed.
Results:
Pemafibrate reduced both triglyceride and non-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels (
P
<0.01), without affecting body weight. It also decreased circulating levels of AA (
P
<0.001), thromboxane B
2
(
P
<0.001), prostaglandin E
2
, leukotriene B
4
(
P
<0.05), and 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (
P
<0.001), all of which were elevated by the induction of diabetes. In contrast, the plasma levels of 15-deoxy-Δ
12,14
-prostaglandin J
2
, which declined following diabetes induction, remained unaffected by pemafibrate treatment. In diabetic mice, pemafibrate decreased palmitic acid (PA) and stearic acid concentrations (
P
<0.05). Diabetes induction impaired endothelial function, whereas pemafibrate ameliorated it (
P
<0.001). The results of ex vivo experiments indicated that eicosanoids or PA impaired endothelial function.
Conclusion:
Pemafibrate diminished the levels of vasoconstrictive eicosanoids and free fatty acids accompanied by a reduction of triglyceride. These effects may be associated with the improvement of endothelial function by pemafibrate in diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Suto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Daiju Fukuda
- Department of Cardio-Diabetes Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Masakazu Shinohara
- The Integrated Center for Mass Spectrometry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine.,Division of Epidemiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Byambasuren Ganbaatar
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Shusuke Yagi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Kenya Kusunose
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Hirotsugu Yamada
- Department of Community Medicine for Cardiology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Takeshi Soeki
- Department of Community Medicine and Medical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Ken-Ichi Hirata
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Masataka Sata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
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21
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Tang Y, Huang S, Lin W, Wen K, Lin Z, Han M. Arachidonic Acid-Dependent Pathway Inhibition in Platelets: its Role in Multiple Injury-Induced Coagulopathy and the Potential Mechanisms. Shock 2021; 55:121-127. [PMID: 32433211 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous study demonstrated the types of platelet dysfunction varied at early stage (∼3 h) in trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC) caused by different types of injuries. And arachidonic acid (AA)-dependent pathway inhibition in platelet seemed to be specific for TIC caused by multiple injury (MI). The aim of this research was to further study AA-dependent pathway inhibition in platelets in a rat model of TIC caused by MI and to explore its potential mechanisms. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rat model of TIC caused by MI was established. We used thrombelastography with platelet mapping as a measure of platelet function to assess the inhibitory extent of AA-dependent activation pathway. Flow cytometry was used to determine the expression of activation-dependent granular protein P-selectin (CD62P). In addition, the plasma levels of 6-Keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-Keto-PGF1α), Prostaglandin E2, and Thromboxane B2 were assessed by enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay. RESULTS The inhibition rate of AA-dependent pathway after injury was significantly higher than that of control. The maximum amplitude decreased in the MI group, compared with that of control. The percentage of CD62P expression in the MI group was remarkably lower than that of control after AA treatment. The plasma concentrations of 6-Keto-PGF1α and PGE2 increased in the MI group. CONCLUSION Platelets inhibition was observed in TIC caused by MI at early stage after injury, which might be partially attributed to AA-dependent activation pathway dysfunction. The increase of plasma Prostacyclin and PGE2 levels may contribute to the inhibition process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Tang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Sunhua Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhao Lin
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke Wen
- Department of Microsurgery, Taihe Hospital, Shiyan, China
| | - Zhexuan Lin
- Bioanalytical Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Ming Han
- Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen, China
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22
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Varela-Rodríguez H, Abella-Quintana DG, Espinal-Centeno A, Varela-Rodríguez L, Gomez-Zepeda D, Caballero-Pérez J, García-Medel PL, Brieba LG, Ordaz-Ortiz JJ, Cruz-Ramirez A. Functional Characterization of the Lin28/let-7 Circuit During Forelimb Regeneration in Ambystoma mexicanum and Its Influence on Metabolic Reprogramming. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:562940. [PMID: 33330447 PMCID: PMC7710800 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.562940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) is a caudate amphibian, which has an extraordinary ability to restore a wide variety of damaged structures by a process denominated epimorphosis. While the origin and potentiality of progenitor cells that take part during epimorphic regeneration are known to some extent, the metabolic changes experienced and their associated implications, remain unexplored. However, a circuit with a potential role as a modulator of cellular metabolism along regeneration is that formed by Lin28/let-7. In this study, we report two Lin28 paralogs and eight mature let-7 microRNAs encoded in the axolotl genome. Particularly, in the proliferative blastema stage amxLin28B is more abundant in the nuclei of blastemal cells, while the microRNAs amx-let-7c and amx-let-7a are most downregulated. Functional inhibition of Lin28 factors increase the levels of most mature let-7 microRNAs, consistent with an increment of intermediary metabolites of the Krebs cycle, and phenotypic alterations in the outgrowth of the blastema. In summary, we describe the primary components of the Lin28/let-7 circuit and their function during axolotl regeneration, acting upstream of metabolic reprogramming events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Varela-Rodríguez
- Molecular and Developmental Complexity Group, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Diana G Abella-Quintana
- Molecular and Developmental Complexity Group, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Annie Espinal-Centeno
- Molecular and Developmental Complexity Group, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | | | - David Gomez-Zepeda
- Mass Spectrometry and Metabolomics Laboratory, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Juan Caballero-Pérez
- Molecular and Developmental Complexity Group, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Paola L García-Medel
- Structural Biochemistry Group, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Luis G Brieba
- Structural Biochemistry Group, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - José J Ordaz-Ortiz
- Mass Spectrometry and Metabolomics Laboratory, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Cruz-Ramirez
- Molecular and Developmental Complexity Group, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Guanajuato, Mexico
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23
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Tentolouris A, Eleftheriadou I, Tzeravini E, Tsilingiris D, Paschou SA, Siasos G, Tentolouris N. Endothelium as a Therapeutic Target in Diabetes Mellitus: From Basic Mechanisms to Clinical Practice. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:1089-1131. [PMID: 30663560 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190119154152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Endothelium plays an essential role in human homeostasis by regulating arterial blood pressure, distributing nutrients and hormones as well as providing a smooth surface that modulates coagulation, fibrinolysis and inflammation. Endothelial dysfunction is present in Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and contributes to the development and progression of macrovascular disease, while it is also associated with most of the microvascular complications such as diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy. Hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia and dyslipidemia are the main factors involved in the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction. Regarding antidiabetic medication, metformin, gliclazide, pioglitazone, exenatide and dapagliflozin exert a beneficial effect on Endothelial Function (EF); glimepiride and glibenclamide, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and liraglutide have a neutral effect, while studies examining the effect of insulin analogues, empagliflozin and canagliflozin on EF are limited. In terms of lipid-lowering medication, statins improve EF in subjects with DM, while data from short-term trials suggest that fenofibrate improves EF; ezetimibe also improves EF but further studies are required in people with DM. The effect of acetylsalicylic acid on EF is dose-dependent and lower doses improve EF while higher ones do not. Clopidogrel improves EF, but more studies in subjects with DM are required. Furthermore, angiotensin- converting-enzyme inhibitors /angiotensin II receptor blockers improve EF. Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors improve EF locally in the corpus cavernosum. Finally, cilostazol exerts favorable effect on EF, nevertheless, more data in people with DM are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Tentolouris
- Diabetes Center, 1st Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Eleftheriadou
- Diabetes Center, 1st Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Tzeravini
- Diabetes Center, 1st Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Tsilingiris
- Diabetes Center, 1st Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Stavroula A Paschou
- Diabetes Center, 1st Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Siasos
- First Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Tentolouris
- Diabetes Center, 1st Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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24
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Villalpando DM, Gómez Rivas J, Flynn D, R de Bethencourt F, Ferrer M. Gonadal function protects against organ culture-induced vascular damage. Involvement of prostanoids. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2020; 148:106406. [PMID: 31945460 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2019.106406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Androgen deprivation induces vascular dysfunction in which altered release and action of prostanoids has been extensively studied. On the other hand, the vascular organ-culture system has been reported as a valid model for phenotypic changes that occur in several cardiovascular pathologies. Since there are no studies analyzing the impact of androgenic loss on vascular vulnerability during induced vascular damage, the objective of this study was to analyze the possible preventive role of male sex hormones on the organ culture-induced vascular damage in rat aorta. The link to possible changes in gross structure was also analyzed. For this purpose, fresh and 20 h-cultured aortic arterial segments from intact and orchidectomized rats were used to analyze: (i) the release and vasomotor effect of the thromboxane A2 (TXA2), prostaglandin (PG) E2, PGF2α and PGI2; (ii) the vasodilator response induced by acetylcholine (ACh) as well as the involvement of prostanoids, in particular TXA2, in the ACh-induced response; (iii) the effect of activation of thromboxane/prostaglandin (TP) receptors on the ACh-induced response; and (iv) the vascular structure. The results showed that organ culture: i) increased production of prostanoids; ii) increased prostanoids-induced vasomotor responses; iii) decreased ACh-induced relaxation after incubation with indomethacin, a blocker of cyclooxygenases; iv) increased the ACh-induced relaxation after incubation with the TXA2 synthase inhibitor, furegrelate, more in arteries from orchidectomized rats than in those of intact rats; v) diminished ACh-induced relaxation after U-46619 incubation only in arteries from orchidectomized rats; and vi) preserved the integrity of the different vascular layers. These results showed the protective role of male sex hormones against the induced vascular damage, since a decreased deleterious effect of prostanoids, in particular that of TXA2, was observed in arteries from rats with intact gonadal function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Gómez Rivas
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ) Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Flynn
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, UAM, Spain
| | - Fermín R de Bethencourt
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ) Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Ferrer
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, UAM, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ) Madrid, Spain.
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25
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Daci A, Ozen G, Karaman EF, Teskin O, Caglayan M, Celik Z, Ozden S, Dashwood M, Uydes Dogan BS, Topal G. In Vitro Effects of Eicosapentaenoic and Docosahexaenoic Acid on the Vascular Tone of a Human Saphenous Vein: Influence of Precontractile Agents. Ann Vasc Surg 2019; 64:318-327. [PMID: 31634596 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2019.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have been widely reported. However, there are limited studies concerning their effects on human blood vessels. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the direct vascular effects of EPA and DHA on the human saphenous vein (SV) precontracted with either prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), or thromboxane A2 analogue (U46619), or norepinephrine (NE). Moreover, we aimed to investigate the protein expression of free fatty acid receptor 4 (FFAR4) in human SV. METHODS Pretreatment of human SV rings with EPA and DHA (100 μM, 30 min) was tested on vascular reactivity induced by PGF2α (10 nM to 5 μM), NE (10 nM to 100 μM), and U46619 (1 nM to 100 nM). In addition, direct relaxant effects of EPA/DHA (1-100 μM) were tested in human SV rings precontracted by PGF2α, NE, and U46619. Furthermore, the involvement of potassium channels on their vascular effects was investigated in the presence of the nonselective K+ channel inhibitor tetraethylammonium chloride. RESULTS Pretreatment with EPA and DHA resulted in a significant decrease in vascular reactivity induced by U46619 and PGF2α compared to NE. In the presence of TEA, the relaxant effects of EPA and DHA were significantly decreased in SV preparations precontracted by U46619 and PGF2α for DHA. Furthermore, FFAR-4 protein was expressed in tissue extracts of human SV. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that both EPA and DHA reduce the increased vascular tone elicited by contractile agents on the human SV and that the direct vasorelaxant effect is likely to involve potassium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armond Daci
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gulsev Ozen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ecem Fatma Karaman
- Department of Pharmecutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Onder Teskin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mine Caglayan
- Department of Pharmecutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Celik
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sibel Ozden
- Department of Pharmecutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mick Dashwood
- Surgical and Interventional Sciences, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College Medical School, London, UK
| | - B Sonmez Uydes Dogan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gokce Topal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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26
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Wang R, Wang M, Zhou J, Ye T, Xie X, Ni D, Ye J, Han Q, Di C, Guo L, Sun G, Sun X. Shuxuening injection protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury through reducing oxidative stress, inflammation and thrombosis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:562. [PMID: 31807543 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.09.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Shuxuening injection (SXNI) has a good effect on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Here, our study aims to investigate whether SXNI have the protective effect on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) and elucidate the mechanism of SXNI's cardiac protection. Methods In this experiment, the coronary arteries of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were ligated for the induction of a MIRI model. TTC staining and haematoxylin-eosin (HE), as well as troponin I (TnI), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK) and CK-MB levels, were used to detect the protective effect of SXNI. In rat cardiac tissue, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione and malondialdehyde (MDA) activities and glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), calreticulin (CRT), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) and caspase-12 expression levels were detected. In rat serum, the levels of inflammatory factors, including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β, were measured by Elisa. In the rat arterial tissue, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) expression was measured by western blot. In the rat plasma, ELISA was used to assay the levels of coagulation and plasmin system indicators, including platelet activating factor, endothelin, tissue factor (TF), plasminogen inhibitor, thromboxane B2, plasma fibrinogen. Results The results showed that SXNI can reduce the infarct size of myocardial tissue, decrease the myocardial enzyme and TnI levels and decrease the degree of myocardial damage compared with the model group. Additionally, SXNI can increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes, reduce the MDA level and decrease the GRP78, CRT, CHOP and caspase-12 expression levels. SXNI also decreased the levels of inflammatory cytokines in rat serum, lowered the level of procoagulant molecules in plasma and reduced the TLR4/NF-κB expression. Conclusions SXNI has protective effect on MIRI mainly by inhibiting oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), thereby regulating TLR4/NF-κB pathway to reduce inflammation, and lowing procoagulant-related factors levels to reduce the risk of thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiying Wang
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Beijing 100193, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.,Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Beijing 100193, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.,Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiahui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Beijing 100193, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.,Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tianyuan Ye
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Beijing 100193, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.,Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xueheng Xie
- Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China
| | - Dong Ni
- Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jingxue Ye
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Beijing 100193, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.,Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qiaoling Han
- Shiyao Yinhu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yuncheng 044000, China
| | - Caixia Di
- Shiyao Yinhu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yuncheng 044000, China
| | - Liang Guo
- Shiyao Yinhu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yuncheng 044000, China
| | - Guibo Sun
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Beijing 100193, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.,Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Beijing 100193, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.,Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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27
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Kim H, Conway EM. Platelets and Complement Cross-Talk in Early Atherogenesis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2019; 6:131. [PMID: 31555668 PMCID: PMC6742699 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis remains a ubiquitous and serious threat to human health. The initial formation of the atherosclerotic lesion (atheroma) is driven by pro-inflammatory signaling involving monocytes and vascular endothelial cells; later stages of the disease involve rupture of well-established atherosclerotic plaques, thrombosis, and blood vessel occlusion. While the central role of platelets in thrombosis is undisputed, platelets exhibit pro-inflammatory activities, and contribute to early-stage atheroma formation. Platelets also engage components of the complement system, an essential element of innate immunity that contributes to vascular inflammation. Here we provide an overview of the complex interplay between platelets and the complement system, with a focus on how the crosstalk between them may impact on the initiation of atheroma formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh Kim
- Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Edward M Conway
- Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Abstract
Metastatic cancers impose significant burdens on patients, affecting quality of life, morbidity, and mortality. Even during remission, microscopic metastases can lurk, but few therapies directly target tumor cell metastasis. Agents that interfere with this process would represent a new paradigm in cancer management, changing the 'waiting game' into a time of active prevention. These therapies could take multiple forms based on the pathways involved in the metastatic process. For example, a phenome-wide association study showed that a single nucleotide polymorphism in the gene TBXA2R is associated with increased metastasis in multiple primary cancers (P = 0.003), suggesting clinical applicability of TBXA2R antagonists. Emerging data related to the role of platelets in metastasis are concordant with our sense that these pathways present significant opportunities for therapeutic development. However, before real progress can be made toward clinical targeting of the metastatic process, foundational work is needed to define informative measures of critical elements such as circulating tumor cells and tumor DNA, and circulatory vs. lymphatic spread. These challenges require an expansion of team science and composition to obtain competitive funding. At our academic medical center, we have implemented a Cancer Metastasis Inhibition (CMI) program investigating this approach across multiple cancers.
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29
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Pawelzik SC, Avignon A, Idborg H, Boegner C, Stanke-Labesque F, Jakobsson PJ, Sultan A, Bäck M. Urinary prostaglandin D 2 and E 2 metabolites associate with abdominal obesity, glucose metabolism, and triglycerides in obese subjects. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2019; 145:106361. [PMID: 31419481 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2019.106361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with low-grade chronic inflammation, which contributes to the development of the metabolic syndrome and its associated complications, such as insulin resistance and type-2 diabetes. Limited data from animal and human studies support local generation of pro-inflammatory prostanoid lipid mediators in white adipose tissue. However, the link between systemic prostanoid levels and parameters characterizing the metabolic syndrome is missing in human obesity. Therefore, we performed a targeted lipidomic analysis using urine samples from obese human subjects (n = 45) and show for the first time in humans that urinary prostanoid levels correlate with metabolic parameters that indicate a dysregulated glucose and triglyceride metabolism. We identified tetranor-PGDM and tetranor-PGEM as the two major urinary prostanoid metabolites in obese subjects with levels of 247 ± 31 and 23.3 ± 4.0 pmol/mg creatinine, respectively. Tetranor-PGDM was significantly associated with serum triglycerides, while tetranor-PGEM was associated with abdominal obesity as defined by an increased waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and with impaired oral glucose tolerance. These results confirm the previously established notion of low-grade chronic inflammation in obesity and further identify an association of the prostanoid pathway with obesity-associated dyslipidemia, abdominal obesity, and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven-Christian Pawelzik
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Theme Heart and Vessels, Division of Valvular and Coronary Disease, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Antoine Avignon
- Endocrinology-Diabetology-Nutrition Department, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France; INSERM U1046, Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France
| | - Helena Idborg
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Catherine Boegner
- Endocrinology-Diabetology-Nutrition Department, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Per-Johan Jakobsson
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ariane Sultan
- Endocrinology-Diabetology-Nutrition Department, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France; INSERM U1046, Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France
| | - Magnus Bäck
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Theme Heart and Vessels, Division of Valvular and Coronary Disease, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; INSERM U1116, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France; CHRU Nancy, Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
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30
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Rodríguez-Soacha DA, Scheiner M, Decker M. Multi-target-directed-ligands acting as enzyme inhibitors and receptor ligands. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 180:690-706. [PMID: 31401465 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we present the latest advances in the field of multi-target-directed ligand (MTDL) design for the treatment of various complex pathologies of multifactorial origin. In particular, latest findings in the field of MTDL design targeting both an enzyme and a receptor are presented for different diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), depression, addiction, glaucoma, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and pain and inflammation. The ethology of the diseases is briefly described, with special emphasis on how the MTDL can evolve into novel therapies that replace the classic pharmacological dogma "one target one disease". Considering the current needs for therapy adherence improvement, it is exposed as from the medicinal chemistry, different molecular scaffolds are studied. With the use of structure activity relationship studies and molecular optimization, new hybrid molecules are generated with improved biological properties acting at two biologically very distinct targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Alejandro Rodríguez-Soacha
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Scheiner
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Decker
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
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31
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Brun BF, Strela FB, Berger RCM, Melo SFS, de Oliveira EM, Barauna VG, Vassallo PF. Blockade of AT1 receptor restore the migration of vascular smooth muscle cells in high sodium medium. Cell Biol Int 2019; 43:890-898. [PMID: 31062893 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to test the hypothesis that increased sodium concentration affects the migratory phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) independently of the haemodynamic factors. Cell migration was evaluated by wound-healing assay under the following conditions: high sodium (HS, 160 mM) and control (CT, 140 mM). Cell viability was assessed by annexin V and propidium iodide labeling. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene expression was analysed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. ERK1/2 phosphorylation was assessed by western blot. Exposure of VSMCs to HS reduced migration, and AT1R blockade prevented this response. HS increased COX-2 gene expression, and COX-2 blockade prevented the reduction in VSMC migration induced by HS. HS also increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and ERK1/2 inhibition recovered VSMC migration as well as blocked COX-2 gene expression. The TXA2 receptor blocker, but not the prostacyclin receptor blocker, prevented the HS-induced VSMCs migration decrease. HS reduces the migration of VSMCs by increasing COX-2 gene expression via AT1R-ERK1/2 phosphorylation. In addition, increased COX-2 by HS seems to modulate the reduction of VSMCs migration by the TXA2 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna F Brun
- Department of Physiological Science, Laboratory of Cardiac Electromechanics and Vascular Reactivity, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Felipe B Strela
- Department of Physiological Science, Laboratory of Cardiac Electromechanics and Vascular Reactivity, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Rebeca C M Berger
- Department of Physiological Science, Laboratory of Cardiac Electromechanics and Vascular Reactivity, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Stéphano F S Melo
- Department of Physiological Science, Exercise Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Edilamar M de Oliveira
- Department Biodynamics of the Human Body Movement, Laboratory of Biochemistry of the Motor Activity, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valério G Barauna
- Department of Physiological Science, Exercise Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Paula F Vassallo
- Department of Physiological Science, Laboratory of Cardiac Electromechanics and Vascular Reactivity, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil.,Health Science Center, HUCAM-Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
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32
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Rivas Rios JR, Franchi F, Rollini F, Angiolillo DJ. Diabetes and antiplatelet therapy: from bench to bedside. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2018; 8:594-609. [PMID: 30498684 DOI: 10.21037/cdt.2018.05.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder associated with accelerated atherogenesis and an increased risk of atherothrombotic complications. Multiple mechanisms contribute to the pro-thrombotic status which characterizes DM patients underscoring the importance of antiplatelet therapies used for secondary prevention in these patients. For many years, dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with aspirin and the P2Y12 inhibitor clopidogrel has represented the mainstay of treatment following an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). Although DAPT reduces the incidence of atherothrombotic recurrences, these rates remain high in DM patients underscoring the need for more efficacious therapies. Oral platelet P2Y12 receptor inhibitors with enhanced potency, such as prasugrel and ticagrelor, as well as antiplatelet therapies such as vorapaxar inhibiting the thrombin-mediated platelet signaling pathway, constitute treatment opportunities for patients with DM and have shown to be associated with a greater reduction in ischemic recurrences, albeit at the cost of more bleeding. This article reviews currently available antiplatelet agents and delivers an update on the advances and drawbacks of these agents used for secondary prevention in DM patients experiencing an ACS or undergoing PCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose R Rivas Rios
- Division of Cardiology, University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Francesco Franchi
- Division of Cardiology, University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Fabiana Rollini
- Division of Cardiology, University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Dominick J Angiolillo
- Division of Cardiology, University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
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33
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Detremmerie CMS, Leung SWS, Vanhoutte PM. Activation of NQO-1 mediates the augmented contractions of isolated arteries due to biased activity of soluble guanylyl cyclase in their smooth muscle. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2018; 391:1221-1235. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-018-1548-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Alshbool FZ, Karim ZA, Espinosa EVP, Lin OA, Khasawneh FT. Investigation of a Thromboxane A 2 Receptor-Based Vaccine for Managing Thrombogenesis. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:e009139. [PMID: 29936414 PMCID: PMC6064912 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.009139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the well-established role for the thromboxane A2 receptor (TPR) in the development of thrombotic disorders, none of the antagonists developed to date has been approved for clinical use. To this end, we have previously shown that an antibody targeted against TPR's ligand-binding domain inhibits platelet activation and thrombus formation, without exerting any effects on hemostasis. Thus, the goal of the present studies is to design a novel TPR-based vaccine, demonstrate its ability to trigger an immune response, and characterize its antiplatelet and antithrombotic activity. METHODS AND RESULTS We used a mouse keyhole limpet hemocyanin/peptide-based vaccination approach rationalized over the TPR ligand-binding domain (ie, the C-terminus of the second extracellular loop). The biological activity of this vaccine was assessed in the context of platelets and thrombotic diseases, and using a host of in vitro and in vivo platelet function experiments. Our results revealed that the TPR C-terminus of the second extracellular loop vaccine, in mice: (1) triggered an immune response, which resulted in the development of a C-terminus of the second extracellular loop antibody; (2) did not affect expression of major platelet integrins (eg, glycoprotein IIb-IIIa); (3) selectively inhibited TPR-mediated platelet aggregation, platelet-leukocyte aggregation, integrin glycoprotein IIb-IIIa activation, as well as dense and α granule release; (4) significantly prolonged thrombus formation; and (5) did so without impairing physiological hemostasis. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our findings shed light on TPR's structural biological features, and demonstrate that the C-terminus of the second extracellular loop domain may define a new therapeutic target and a TPR vaccine-based approach that should have therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Z Alshbool
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Texas El Paso, TX
| | - Zubair A Karim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Texas El Paso, TX
| | | | | | - Fadi T Khasawneh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Texas El Paso, TX
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35
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Ueki N, Futagami S, Akimoto T, Maruki Y, Yamawaki H, Kodaka Y, Nagoya H, Shindo T, Kusunoki M, Kawagoe T, Gudis K, Miyake K, Iwakiri K. Effect of Antithrombotic Therapy and Long Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection Procedure Time on Early and Delayed Postoperative Bleeding. Digestion 2018; 96:21-28. [PMID: 28609771 DOI: 10.1159/000475924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent updated guidelines of the Japanese Society of Gastroenterology recommend the use of a single dose of antiplatelet agents in patients undergoing endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). However, the postoperative bleeding risk after gastric ESD associated with the continuation or interruption of antithrombotic therapy remains controversial. We aimed to evaluate whether certain factors including interrupted antithrombotic therapy could affect early and delayed post-ESD bleeding risk. METHODS Three hundred sixty-four patients with gastric neoplasms were treated with ESD at our hospital between October 2005 and December 2012. Seventy-four patients with interrupted antithrombotic therapy were undertaken with ESD. Early and delayed postoperative bleeding patterns were estimated. Various clinical characteristics such as gender, age, tumor location, tumor size, ESD procedure time, platelet count, and comorbidity were evaluated. RESULTS There was a significant difference (p = 0.042) in the ESD procedure time between the patients with postoperative bleeding and those without it. There was no significant difference in postoperative bleeding between the patients on antithrombotic therapy and not on it. Moreover, interrupted antithrombotic therapy and platelet count were significantly (p = 0.0461 and p = 0.0059, respectively) associated with early postoperative bleeding in multivariate analysis. In addition, in univariate analysis, ESD procedure time was significantly (p = 0.041) associated with delayed postoperative bleeding. CONCLUSIONS Antithrombotic therapy and prolonged ESD procedure time were significantly associated with early and delayed postoperative bleeding, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobue Ueki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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36
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Toikkanen V, Rinne T, Nieminen R, Moilanen E, Laurikka J, Porkkala H, Tarkka M, Mennander AA. Aprotinin Impacts 8-Isoprostane after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting. Scand J Surg 2018; 107:329-335. [PMID: 29628009 DOI: 10.1177/1457496918766720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The lungs participate in the modulation of the circulating inflammatory factors induced by coronary artery bypass grafting. We investigated whether aprotinin-which has been suggested to interact with inflammation-influences lung passage of key inflammatory factors after coronary artery bypass grafting. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 40 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting were randomized into four groups according to aprotinin dose: (1) high dose, (2) early low dose, (3) late low dose, and (4) without aprotinin. Pulmonary artery and radial artery blood samples were collected for the evaluation of calculated lung passage (pulmonary artery/radial artery) of the pro-inflammatory factors interleukin 6 and interleukin 8, 8-isoprostane, myeloperoxidase and the anti-inflammatory interleukin 10 immediately after induction of anesthesia (T1), 1 min after releasing aortic cross clamp (T2), 15 min after releasing aortic cross clamp (T3), 1 h after releasing aortic cross clamp (T4), and 20 h after releasing aortic cross clamp (T5). RESULTS: Pulmonary artery/radial artery 8-isoprostane increased in patients with high aprotinin dose as compared with lower doses (1.1 range 0.97 vs 0.9 range 1.39, p = 0.001). The main effect comparing high aprotinin dose with lower doses was significant (F(1, 38) = 7.338, p = 0.01, partial eta squared = 0.16) further supporting difference in the effectiveness of high aprotinin dose for pulmonary artery/radial artery 8-isoprostane. CONCLUSION: According to the pulmonary artery/radial artery equation, the impact of aprotinin on 8-isoprostane after coronary artery bypass grafting is dose dependent. Aprotinin may aid the lung passage of circulating factors toward a beneficial anti-inflammatory milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Toikkanen
- 1 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, SDSKIR Heart Center, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - T Rinne
- 2 Division of Cardiac Anesthesia, Heart Center, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - R Nieminen
- 3 The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - E Moilanen
- 3 The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - J Laurikka
- 1 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, SDSKIR Heart Center, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - H Porkkala
- 2 Division of Cardiac Anesthesia, Heart Center, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - M Tarkka
- 1 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, SDSKIR Heart Center, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - A A Mennander
- 1 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, SDSKIR Heart Center, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
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Fan P, Gao Y, Zheng M, Xu T, Schoenhagen P, Jin Z. Recent progress and market analysis of anticoagulant drugs. J Thorac Dis 2018; 10:2011-2025. [PMID: 29707358 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.03.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This review describes epidemiology of thromboembolic disease in China and abroad, evaluates trends in the development of anticoagulant drugs, and analyzes the market situation based on large amounts of accumulated data. Specifically, we describe advances in clinical application of anticoagulants and analyze the most commonly used anticoagulants in the market systematically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yangyang Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Minglin Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | | | - Zhaohui Jin
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Influence of the selective COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib on sex differences in blood pressure and albuminuria in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2018; 135:16-20. [PMID: 29425800 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that female spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) have greater cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in the renal medulla and enhanced urinary excretion of prostaglandin (PG) E2 (PGE2) metabolites compared to male SHR. Based on the role of COX-2-derived prostanoids in the regulation of cardiovascular health, the aim of the current study was to test the hypothesis that blood pressure (BP) in female SHR is more sensitive to COX-2 inhibition than in males. Seven week old male and female SHR were implanted with telemetry transmitters for continuous BP recording. After one week of baseline BP recording, male and female SHR were randomized to receive the selective COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib (10 mg/kg/day) or vehicle for six weeks (from 9 to 14 weeks of age). Female SHR had lower BP and albuminuria compared to male SHR as well as enhanced urinary excretion of PGE metabolite (PGEM), 6-keto PGF1α and thromboxane B2, indicators of PGE2, PGI2 and TXA2, respectively. Treatment with celecoxib did not significantly alter BP or albuminuria in either female or male SHR. Celecoxib did not change PGs metabolites excretion in male SHR; however, excretion levels of PGEM and 6-keto PGF1α were reduced in female SHR. COX-2 derived PG can also induce oxidative stress. Markers of oxidative stress (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) and H2O2 excretion) were lesser in female SHR versus male SHR. Celecoxib treatment did not significantly change markers of oxidative stress in female SHR, however, urinary TBARs excretion was significantly reduced in male SHR after 6 weeks of treatment with celecoxib. Therefore, although celecoxib treatment appears to have distinct effects on prostanoids levels in female SHR vs. males, it is unlikely that COX-2 contributes to established sex differences in BP in SHR.
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Raman P, Madhavpeddi L, Gonzales RJ. Palmitate induces glycosylation of cyclooxygenase-2 in primary human vascular smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2018; 314:C545-C553. [PMID: 29384693 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00254.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Vascular basal cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and activity can be induced by endotoxin, hypoxia, or ischemia. During vascular pathologies such as atherosclerosis, increases in COX-2 activity result in prostanoid production, a contributor to the development and progression of vascular inflammation leading to unstable atherosclerotic plaques and increased risk for thrombotic events. Recent studies demonstrate that select free fatty acids, such as palmitate, can act as proinflammatory mediators. However, the effect of palmitate on COX-2 expression and activity, and its impact on the development and progression of vascular inflammation, are not well elucidated. We investigated the effect of palmitate on COX-2 expression and function in human vascular smooth muscle cells. Cells were treated with palmitate, COX-2 protein levels were assessed using Western analysis, and activity was assessed via ELISA. We observed that palmitate dose-dependently increased COX-2 levels and specifically enhanced band intensity of the COX-2 74 kDa band (slowest migrating band). This response was attenuated by N-linked glycosylation inhibition, suggesting that palmitate impacts expression of the fully activated glycoform of COX-2. Palmitate-induced increases in COX-2 levels correlated with an increase in prostaglandin E2 production that was also attenuated by a glycosylation inhibitor. Additionally, palmitate altered cell morphology and increased cell density which were reversed by selective COX-2 inhibition. Thus, we conclude that palmitate acts on COX-2 by two separate mechanisms of action in human vascular smooth muscle. It elicits dose-dependent increases in COX-2 protein expression and modulates regulation of COX-2 activity via modification of posttranslational glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Raman
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix , Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Lakshmi Madhavpeddi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix , Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Rayna J Gonzales
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix , Phoenix, Arizona
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40
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Changes in arterial pressure and markers of nitric oxide homeostasis and oxidative stress following surgical correction of hydronephrosis in children. Pediatr Nephrol 2018; 33:639-649. [PMID: 29196979 PMCID: PMC5859689 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-017-3848-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent clinical studies have suggested an increased risk of elevated arterial pressure in patients with hydronephrosis. Animals with experimentally induced hydronephrosis develop hypertension, which is correlated to the degree of obstruction and increased oxidative stress. In this prospective study we investigated changes in arterial pressure, oxidative stress, and nitric oxide (NO) homeostasis following correction of hydronephrosis. METHODS Ambulatory arterial pressure (24 h) was monitored in pediatric patients with hydronephrosis (n = 15) before and after surgical correction, and the measurements were compared with arterial pressure measurements in two control groups, i.e. healthy controls (n = 8) and operated controls (n = 8). Markers of oxidative stress and NO homeostasis were analyzed in matched urine and plasma samples. RESULTS The preoperative mean arterial pressure was significantly higher in hydronephrotic patients [83 mmHg; 95% confidence interval (CI) 80-88 mmHg] than in healthy controls (74 mmHg; 95% CI 68-80 mmHg; p < 0.05), and surgical correction of ureteral obstruction reduced arterial pressure (76 mmHg; 95% CI 74-79 mmHg; p < 0.05). Markers of oxidative stress (i.e., 11-dehydroTXB2, PGF2α, 8-iso-PGF2α, 8,12-iso-iPF2α-VI) were significantly increased (p < 0.05) in patients with hydronephrosis compared with both control groups, and these were reduced following surgery (p < 0.05). Interestingly, there was a trend for increased NO synthase activity and signaling in hydronephrosis, which may indicate compensatory mechanism(s). CONCLUSION This study demonstrates increased arterial pressure and oxidative stress in children with hydronephrosis compared with healthy controls, which can be restored to normal levels by surgical correction of the obstruction. Once reference data on ambulatory blood pressure in this young age group become available, we hope cut-off values can be defined for deciding whether or not to correct hydronephrosis surgically.
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Schrör K, Hohlfeld T. Antiinflammatory effects of aspirin in ACS: relevant to its cardio coronary actions? Thromb Haemost 2017; 114:469-77. [DOI: 10.1160/th15-03-0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
SummaryVascular injury in acute coronary syndromes (ACS) involves a complex cross-talk between inflammatory mediators, platelets and thrombosis, where the interaction between platelets and coagulation factors (e. g. thrombin) is a central link between thrombosis and inflammation. In ACS, aspirin at antiplatelet doses exhibits anti-inflammatory effects as seen from the decrease in inflammation markers such as CRP, M-CSF, MCP-1 and others. These actions probably occur subsequent to inhibition of platelet COX-1-dependent thromboxane formation and its action as a multipotent autocrine and paracrine agent. This likely involves inhibition of thrombin formation as well as inhibition of secondary pro-inflammatory mediators, such as sphingosine-1-phosphate. Experimental and limited clinical data additionally suggest antiinflammatory effects of aspirin independent of its antiplatelet action. For example, aspirin at antiplatelet doses might acetylate COX-2 in vascular cells, directing the activity of the enzyme into a 15-lipoxygenase which by transcellular metabolism results in the formation of 15-epi-lipoxin (‘aspirin-triggered lipoxin’), an antiinflammatory mediator. Furthermore, aspirin stimulates eNOS via lysine-acetylation, eventually resulting in induction of heme oxygenase (HO-1), which improves the antioxidative potential of vascular cells. All of these effects have been seen at antiplatelet doses of 100–300 mg/day, equivalent to peak plasma levels of 10–30 μM. Many more potentially antiinflammatory mechanisms of aspirin have been described, mostly salicy-late-related, at low to medium millimolar concentrations and, therefore, are of minor clinical interest. Altogether, there is a wealth of data supporting antiiflammatory effects of aspirin in ACS, but studies generating direct evidence for antiinflammatory effects in ACS remain to be done.
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Kakouros N, Gluckman TJ, Conte JV, Kickler TS, Laws K, Barton BA, Rade JJ. Differential Impact of Serial Measurement of Nonplatelet Thromboxane Generation on Long-Term Outcome After Cardiac Surgery. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.117.007486. [PMID: 29097390 PMCID: PMC5721801 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.007486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic thromboxane generation, not suppressible by standard aspirin therapy and likely arising from nonplatelet sources, increases the risk of atherothrombosis and death in patients with cardiovascular disease. In the RIGOR (Reduction in Graft Occlusion Rates) study, greater nonplatelet thromboxane generation occurred early compared with late after coronary artery bypass graft surgery, although only the latter correlated with graft failure. We hypothesize that a similar differential association exists between nonplatelet thromboxane generation and long-term clinical outcome. METHODS AND RESULTS Five-year outcome data were analyzed for 290 RIGOR subjects taking aspirin with suppressed platelet thromboxane generation. Multivariable modeling was performed to define the relative predictive value of the urine thromboxane metabolite, 11-dehydrothromboxane B2 (11-dhTXB2), measured 3 days versus 6 months after surgery on the composite end point of death, myocardial infarction, revascularization or stroke, and death alone. 11-dhTXB2 measured 3 days after surgery did not independently predict outcome, whereas 11-dhTXB2 >450 pg/mg creatinine measured 6 months after surgery predicted the composite end point (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.79; P=0.02) and death (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.90; P=0.01) at 5 years compared with lower values. Additional modeling revealed 11-dhTXB2 measured early after surgery associated with several markers of inflammation, in contrast to 11-dhTXB2 measured 6 months later, which highly associated with oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS Long-term nonplatelet thromboxane generation after coronary artery bypass graft surgery is a novel risk factor for 5-year adverse outcome, including death. In contrast, nonplatelet thromboxane generation in the early postoperative period appears to be driven predominantly by inflammation and did not independently predict long-term clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Bruce A Barton
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Jeffrey J Rade
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA .,Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Sommakia S, Baker OJ. Regulation of inflammation by lipid mediators in oral diseases. Oral Dis 2017; 23:576-597. [PMID: 27426637 PMCID: PMC5243936 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipid mediators (LM) of inflammation are a class of compounds derived from ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids that play a wide role in modulating inflammatory responses. Some LM possess pro-inflammatory properties, while others possess proresolving characteristics, and the class switch from pro-inflammatory to proresolving is crucial for tissue homeostasis. In this article, we review the major classes of LM, focusing on their biosynthesis and signaling pathways, and their role in systemic and, especially, oral health and disease. We discuss the detection of these LM in various body fluids, focusing on diagnostic and therapeutic applications. We also present data showing gender-related differences in salivary LM levels in healthy controls, leading to a hypothesis on the etiology of inflammatory diseases, particularly Sjögren's syndrome. We conclude by enumerating open areas of research where further investigation of LM is likely to result in therapeutic and diagnostic advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah Sommakia
- School of Dentistry, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Olga J. Baker
- School of Dentistry, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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The Therapeutic Potential of Anti-Inflammatory Exerkines in the Treatment of Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061260. [PMID: 28608819 PMCID: PMC5486082 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although many cardiovascular (CVD) medications, such as antithrombotics, statins, and antihypertensives, have been identified to treat atherosclerosis, at most, many of these therapeutic agents only delay its progression. A growing body of evidence suggests physical exercise could be implemented as a non-pharmacologic treatment due to its pro-metabolic, multisystemic, and anti-inflammatory benefits. Specifically, it has been discovered that certain anti-inflammatory peptides, metabolites, and RNA species (collectively termed “exerkines”) are released in response to exercise that could facilitate these benefits and could serve as potential therapeutic targets for atherosclerosis. However, much of the relationship between exercise and these exerkines remains unanswered, and there are several challenges in the discovery and validation of these exerkines. This review primarily highlights major anti-inflammatory exerkines that could serve as potential therapeutic targets for atherosclerosis. To provide some context and comparison for the therapeutic potential of exerkines, the anti-inflammatory, multisystemic benefits of exercise, the basic mechanisms of atherosclerosis, and the limited efficacies of current anti-inflammatory therapeutics for atherosclerosis are briefly summarized. Finally, key challenges and future directions for exploiting these exerkines in the treatment of atherosclerosis are discussed.
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Cornejo-García JA, Perkins JR, Jurado-Escobar R, García-Martín E, Agúndez JA, Viguera E, Pérez-Sánchez N, Blanca-López N. Pharmacogenomics of Prostaglandin and Leukotriene Receptors. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:316. [PMID: 27708579 PMCID: PMC5030812 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Individual genetic background together with environmental effects are thought to be behind many human complex diseases. A number of genetic variants, mainly single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), have been shown to be associated with various pathological and inflammatory conditions, representing potential therapeutic targets. Prostaglandins (PTGs) and leukotrienes (LTs) are eicosanoids derived from arachidonic acid and related polyunsaturated fatty acids that participate in both normal homeostasis and inflammatory conditions. These bioactive lipid mediators are synthesized through two major multistep enzymatic pathways: PTGs by cyclooxygenase and LTs by 5-lipoxygenase. The main physiological effects of PTGs include vasodilation and vascular leakage (PTGE2); mast cell maturation, eosinophil recruitment, and allergic responses (PTGD2); vascular and respiratory smooth muscle contraction (PTGF2), and inhibition of platelet aggregation (PTGI2). LTB4 is mainly involved in neutrophil recruitment, vascular leakage, and epithelial barrier function, whereas cysteinyl LTs (CysLTs) (LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4) induce bronchoconstriction and neutrophil extravasation, and also participate in vascular leakage. PTGs and LTs exert their biological functions by binding to cognate receptors, which belong to the seven transmembrane, G protein-coupled receptor superfamily. SNPs in genes encoding these receptors may influence their functionality and have a role in disease susceptibility and drug treatment response. In this review we summarize SNPs in PTGs and LTs receptors and their relevance in human diseases. We also provide information on gene expression. Finally, we speculate on future directions for this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Cornejo-García
- Research Laboratory, International Business Information Management Association (IBIMA)-Regional University Hospital of Malaga, University of Málaga (UMA)Malaga, Spain; Allergy Unit, International Business Information Management Association (IBIMA)-Regional University Hospital of Malaga, University of Málaga (UMA)Malaga, Spain
| | - James R Perkins
- Research Laboratory, International Business Information Management Association (IBIMA)-Regional University Hospital of Malaga, University of Málaga (UMA) Malaga, Spain
| | - Raquel Jurado-Escobar
- Research Laboratory, International Business Information Management Association (IBIMA)-Regional University Hospital of Malaga, University of Málaga (UMA) Malaga, Spain
| | | | - José A Agúndez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Extremadura Caceres, Spain
| | - Enrique Viguera
- Genetics Unit, Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga Malaga, Spain
| | - Natalia Pérez-Sánchez
- Allergy Unit, International Business Information Management Association (IBIMA)-Regional University Hospital of Malaga, University of Málaga (UMA) Malaga, Spain
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Hu M, Liu B. Resveratrol via activation of LKB1-AMPK signaling suppresses oxidative stress to prevent endothelial dysfunction in diabetic mice. Clin Exp Hypertens 2016; 38:381-7. [PMID: 27149559 DOI: 10.3109/10641963.2015.1131288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resveratrol, a phytoalexin, is reported to activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in vascular cells. Whether resveratrol via activation of AMPK improves endothelial dysfunction in diabetes remains unknown. Here, we reported that activation of AMPK is required for resveratrol-induced improvement of endothelial function in diabetic mice. METHODS AMPK phosphorylation and activity, productions of reactive oxygen species, endothelium-dependent/independent relaxation were determined in vitro or in vivo. RESULTS Exposure of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to resveratrol activates AMPK by increasing the thr172 phosphorylation and its activities in time/dose-dependent manner. Loss function of liver kinase B1 by siRNA or mutant abolished resveratrol-induced AMPK activation. Incubation of endothelial cells with high glucose (HG) markedly induced oxidative stress of HUVECs, which was abolished by resveratrol in AMPK-dependent manner. In isolated mice aortas, resveratrol, AICAR or apocynin improved endothelium-dependent relaxation impaired by HG. In animal studies, streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia dramatically increased oxidative stress and caused endothelial dysfunction, which were reversed by administration of resveratrol. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that AMPK activation is required for resveratrol to improve endothelial function in diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hu
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering , College of Engineering, Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Bo Liu
- b Department of Orthopaedics , The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , China
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Saito MS, Lourenço AL, Dias LRS, Freitas ACC, Vitorino MI, Albuquerque MG, Rodrigues CR, Cabral LM, Dias EP, Castro HC, Satlher PC. Antiplatelet pyrazolopyridines derivatives: pharmacological, biochemical and toxicological characterization. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2016; 31:1591-601. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2016.1158712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Max Seidy Saito
- Laboratório de Antibióticos, Bioquímica, Ensino e Modelagem Molecular (LABiEMol) – Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil,
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia (PPG-UFF) – Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil,
| | - André Luiz Lourenço
- Laboratório de Antibióticos, Bioquímica, Ensino e Modelagem Molecular (LABiEMol) – Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil,
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia (PPG-UFF) – Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil,
| | - Luiza Rosaria Sousa Dias
- Laboratório de Química Medicinal (LQMed) – Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil,
| | | | - Maíra Ingrid Vitorino
- Laboratório de Antibióticos, Bioquímica, Ensino e Modelagem Molecular (LABiEMol) – Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil,
| | | | | | - Lúcio Mendes Cabral
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Industrial Farmacêutica (LabTIF) – Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eliane Pedra Dias
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia (PPG-UFF) – Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil,
| | - Helena Carla Castro
- Laboratório de Antibióticos, Bioquímica, Ensino e Modelagem Molecular (LABiEMol) – Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil,
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia (PPG-UFF) – Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil,
| | - Plínio Cunha Satlher
- Laboratório de Antibióticos, Bioquímica, Ensino e Modelagem Molecular (LABiEMol) – Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil,
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Industrial Farmacêutica (LabTIF) – Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Kakouros N, Nazarian SM, Stadler PB, Kickler TS, Rade JJ. Risk Factors for Nonplatelet Thromboxane Generation After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:e002615. [PMID: 27068626 PMCID: PMC4943242 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.115.002615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Persistent thromboxane (TX) generation while receiving aspirin therapy is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. The Reduction in Graft Occlusion Rates (RIGOR) study found that aspirin‐insensitive TXA2 generation, indicated by elevated urine 11‐dehydro‐TXB2 (UTXB2) 6 months after coronary artery bypass graft surgery, was a potent risk factor for vein graft thrombosis and originated predominantly from nonplatelet sources. Our goal was to identify risks factors for nonplatelet TXA2 generation. Methods and Results Multivariable modeling was performed by using clinical and laboratory variables obtained from 260 RIGOR subjects with verified aspirin‐mediated inhibition of platelet TXA2 generation. The strongest variable associated with UTXB2 6 months after surgery, accounting for 47.2% of the modeled effect, was urine 8‐iso‐prostaglandin (PG)F2α, an arachidonic acid metabolite generated nonenzymatically by oxidative stress (standardized coefficient 0.442, P<0.001). Age, sex, race, lipid therapy, creatinine, left ventricular ejection fraction, and aspirin dose were also significantly associated with UTXB2 (P<0.03), although they accounted for only 4.8% to 10.2% of the modeled effect. Urine 8‐iso‐PGF2α correlated with risk of vein graft occlusion (odds ratio 1.67, P=0.001) but was not independent of UTXB2. In vitro studies revealed that endothelial cells generate TXA2 in response to oxidative stress and direct exposure to 8‐iso‐PGF2α. Conclusions Oxidative stress–induced formation of 8‐iso‐PGF2α is strongly associated with nonplatelet thromboxane formation and early vein graft thrombosis after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The endothelium is potentially an important source of oxidative stress–induced thromboxane generation. These findings suggest therapies that reduce oxidative stress could be useful in reducing cardiovascular risks associated with aspirin‐insensitive thromboxane generation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jeffrey J Rade
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Metabolic Serum Profiles for Patients Receiving Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation: The Pretransplant Profile Differs for Patients with and without Posttransplant Capillary Leak Syndrome. DISEASE MARKERS 2015; 2015:943430. [PMID: 26609191 PMCID: PMC4644835 DOI: 10.1155/2015/943430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Allogeneic stem cell transplantation is commonly used in the treatment of younger patients with severe hematological diseases, and endothelial cells seem to be important for the development of several posttransplant complications. Capillary leak syndrome is a common early posttransplant complication where endothelial cell dysfunction probably contributes to the pathogenesis. In the present study we investigated whether the pretreatment serum metabolic profile reflects a risk of posttransplant capillary leak syndrome. We investigated the pretransplant serum levels of 766 metabolites for 80 consecutive allotransplant recipients. Patients with later capillary leak syndrome showed increased pretherapy levels of metabolites associated with endothelial dysfunction (homocitrulline, adenosine) altered renal regulation of fluid and/or electrolyte balance (betaine, methoxytyramine, and taurine) and altered vascular function (cytidine, adenosine, and methoxytyramine). Additional bioinformatical analyses showed that capillary leak syndrome was also associated with altered purine/pyrimidine metabolism (i.e., metabolites involved in vascular regulation and endothelial functions), aminoglycosylation (possibly important for endothelial cell functions), and eicosanoid metabolism (also involved in vascular regulation). Our observations are consistent with the hypothesis that the pretransplant metabolic status can be a marker for posttransplant abnormal fluid and/or electrolyte balance.
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O'Connor CT, Kiernan TJ, Yan BP. Investigational new drugs for the treatment of acute coronary syndrome. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2015; 24:1557-70. [PMID: 26414862 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2015.1094459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ischemic heart disease is the most common cause of death worldwide. Despite improvements in interventional and pharmacological therapy for acute coronary syndrome (ACS), the risk of recurrent myocardial ischemia and mortality early after ACS remains high. Our improved understanding of the increasing role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of ACS and its relationship to atherosclerotic plaque rupture and thrombosis has led to the development of more potent anti-thrombotic and novel anti-inflammatory therapies for the treatment of ACS. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors explore: the developing pharmacotherapy in the field of cardiology for ACS; antiplatelet agents (both further development of classical modalities together with pioneering agents); evolving use of anticoagulation in its treatment, and exploration in the use of novel anti-inflammatories and biological agents. EXPERT OPINION Data from trials involving the use of immunological and cellular-based treatments show promising results and herald further possible reduction in infarct burden in ACS alongside the possibility of recovery in cardiac function following infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas J Kiernan
- a 1 University Hospital Limerick - Cardiology , Limerick, Ireland
| | - Bryan P Yan
- b 2 The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Department of Medicine & Therapeutics , Hong Kong, China +852 26 32 38 78 ;
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