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He K, Zhou D, Pu Z, Chen S, Shen Y, Zhao S, Qian X, Hu Q, Wu X, Xie Z, Xu X. Cellular Senescence in Acute Liver Injury: What Happens to the Young Liver? Aging Dis 2024:AD.2024.0586. [PMID: 38913043 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.0586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence, characterized by irreversible cell cycle arrest, not only exists in age-related physiological states, but has been found to exist in various diseases. It plays a crucial role in both physiological and pathological processes and has become a trending topic in global research in recent years. Acute liver injury (ALI) has a high incidence worldwide, and recent studies have shown that hepatic senescence can be induced following ALI. Therefore, we reviewed the significance of cellular senescence in ALI. To minimize the potential confounding effects of aging on cellular senescence and ALI outcomes, we selected studies involving young individuals to identify the characteristics of senescent cells, the value of cellular senescence in liver repair, its regulation mechanisms in ALI, its potential as a biomarker for ALI, the prospect of treatment, and future research directions.
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Otsuka H, Nonaka N, Nakamura M, Soeta S. Histamine deficiency inhibits lymphocyte infiltration in the submandibular gland of aged mice via increased anti-aging factor Klotho. J Oral Biosci 2023; 65:243-252. [PMID: 37343785 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Histidine decarboxylase (HDC), a histamine synthase, is expressed in various tissues and is induced by proinflammatory cytokines such as TNFα. As they age, C57BL/6 mice show auto-antibody deposition and lymphocyte infiltration into various tissues, including salivary glands. However, the mechanism underlying cell infiltration and the change in HDC expression in salivary glands with aging remain unclear. Thus, we aimed to elucidate the relationship between histamine and inflammaging. METHODS We investigated the change in histology and HDC expression in the major salivary glands (parotid, submandibular, and sublingual) of 6-week- and 9-month-old wild-type mice. We also determined the histological changes, cytokine expression, and anti-aging factor Klotho in the salivary glands of 9-month-old wild-type and HDC-deficient (HDC-KO) mice. RESULTS Cell infiltration was observed in the submandibular gland of 9-month-old wild-type mice. Although most cells infiltrating the submandibular glands were CD3-positive and B220-positive lymphocytes, CD11c-positive and F4/80-positive monocyte lineages were also detected. HDC, TNFα, and IL-1β mRNA expression increased in the submandibular gland of 9-month-old wild-type mice. The expression of PPARγ, an anti-inflammatory protein, declined in 9-month-old wild-type mice, and Klotho expression increased in 9-month-old HDC-KO mice. Immunohistochemistry showed that Klotho-positive cells disappeared in the submandibular gland of 9-month-old wild-type mice, while Klotho was detected in all salivary glands in HDC-KO mice of the same age. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate the multifunctionality of histamine and can aid in the development of novel therapeutic methods for inflammatory diseases such as Sjogren's syndrome and age-related dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotada Otsuka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Nippon Veterinary and Animal Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan.
| | - Naoko Nonaka
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Masanori Nakamura
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Satoshi Soeta
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Nippon Veterinary and Animal Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan
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Liver Fibrosis and Hearing Loss in an Older Mediterranean Population: Results from the Salus in Apulia Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11237213. [PMID: 36498787 PMCID: PMC9736605 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11237213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Aging is the main negative prognostic factor for various chronic diseases, such as liver fibrosis, and clinical disorders such as hearing loss. This study aimed to investigate the association between age-related hearing loss (ARHL) and age-related central auditory processing disorder (CAPD), and the risk for liver fibrosis in a cross-sectional study on an aging population. Methods: Liver fibrosis risk was judged on the fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) score. Peripheral ARHL was evaluated with pure tone audiometry using a calibrated audiometer. The pure tone average (PTA), calculated as a threshold ≤ 40 dB (HL) in the better ear, was measured at the frequencies 0.5−4 kHz. For age-related CAPD assessment, we employed the Synthetic Sentence Identification with an Ipsilateral Competitive Message test (SSI-ICM). General linear Logistic regression models were used to estimate the association. Results: The increase in the PTA 0.5−2 kHz (coefficient: 0.02, SE: 0.01, CI 95%: 0.01 to 0.03) was directly associated with a higher risk of liver fibrosis (FIB-4 ≥ 2.67). Moreover, the reduction in SSI (coefficient: −0.02, SE: 0.01, CI 95%: −0.03 to −0.01) was inversely associated with FIB-4 values < 2.67. Conclusion: Our results show an association between liver fibrosis and both ARHL and CAPD, linked by the typical consequence of aging. We also assume a role of inflammatory responses and oxidative stress.
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Osna NA, Rasineni K, Ganesan M, Donohue TM, Kharbanda KK. Pathogenesis of Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2022; 12:1492-1513. [PMID: 36340300 PMCID: PMC9630031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive alcohol consumption is a global healthcare problem with enormous social, economic, and clinical consequences. While chronic, heavy alcohol consumption causes structural damage and/or disrupts normal organ function in virtually every tissue of the body, the liver sustains the greatest damage. This is primarily because the liver is the first to see alcohol absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract via the portal circulation and second, because the liver is the principal site of ethanol metabolism. Alcohol-induced damage remains one of the most prevalent disorders of the liver and a leading cause of death or transplantation from liver disease. Despite extensive research on the pathophysiology of this disease, there are still no targeted therapies available. Given the multifactorial mechanisms for alcohol-associated liver disease pathogenesis, it is conceivable that a multitherapeutic regimen is needed to treat different stages in the spectrum of this disease.
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Key Words
- AA, Arachidonic acid
- ADH, Alcohol dehydrogenase
- AH, Alcoholic hepatitis
- ALD, Alcohol-associated liver disease
- ALDH, Aldehyde dehydrogenase
- ALT, Alanine transaminase
- ASH, Alcohol-associated steatohepatitis
- AST, Aspartate transaminase
- AUD, Alcohol use disorder
- BHMT, Betaine-homocysteine-methyltransferase
- CD, Cluster of differentiation
- COX, Cycloxygenase
- CTLs, Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes
- CYP, Cytochrome P450
- CYP2E1, Cytochrome P450 2E1
- Cu/Zn SOD, Copper/zinc superoxide dismutase
- DAMPs, Damage-associated molecular patterns
- DC, Dendritic cells
- EDN1, Endothelin 1
- ER, Endoplasmic reticulum
- ETOH, Ethanol
- EVs, Extracellular vesicles
- FABP4, Fatty acid-binding protein 4
- FAF2, Fas-associated factor family member 2
- FMT, Fecal microbiota transplant
- Fn14, Fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14
- GHS-R1a, Growth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1a
- GI, GOsteopontinastrointestinal tract
- GSH Px, Glutathione peroxidase
- GSSG Rdx, Glutathione reductase
- GST, Glutathione-S-transferase
- GWAS, Genome-wide association studies
- H2O2, Hydrogen peroxide
- HA, Hyaluronan
- HCC, Hepatocellular carcinoma
- HNE, 4-hydroxynonenal
- HPMA, 3-hydroxypropylmercapturic acid
- HSC, Hepatic stellate cells
- HSD17B13, 17 beta hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase 13
- HSP 90, Heat shock protein 90
- IFN, Interferon
- IL, Interleukin
- IRF3, Interferon regulatory factor 3
- JAK, Janus kinase
- KC, Kupffer cells
- LCN2, Lipocalin 2
- M-D, Mallory–Denk
- MAA, Malondialdehyde-acetaldehyde protein adducts
- MAT, Methionine adenosyltransferase
- MCP, Macrophage chemotactic protein
- MDA, Malondialdehyde
- MIF, Macrophage migration inhibitory factor
- Mn SOD, Manganese superoxide dismutase
- Mt, Mitochondrial
- NK, Natural killer
- NKT, Natural killer T-lymphocytes
- OPN, Osteopontin
- PAMP, Pathogen-associated molecular patterns
- PNPLA3, Patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3
- PUFA, Polyunsaturated fatty acid
- RIG1, Retinoic acid inducible gene 1
- SAH, S-adenosylhomocysteine
- SAM, S-adenosylmethionine
- SCD, Stearoyl-CoA desaturase
- STAT, Signal transduction and activator of transcription
- TIMP1, Tissue inhibitor matrix metalloproteinase 1
- TLR, Toll-like receptor
- TNF, Tumor necrosis factor-α
- alcohol
- alcohol-associated liver disease
- ethanol metabolism
- liver
- miRNA, MicroRNA
- p90RSK, 90 kDa ribosomal S6 kinase
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A. Osna
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, 68105, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Karuna Rasineni
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, 68105, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Murali Ganesan
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, 68105, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Terrence M. Donohue
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, 68105, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Kusum K. Kharbanda
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, 68105, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
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Yang CE, Wang YN, Hua MR, Miao H, Zhao YY, Cao G. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor: From pathogenesis to therapeutic targets in aging-related tissue fibrosis. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 79:101662. [PMID: 35688331 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Aging promotes chronic inflammation, which contributes to fibrosis and decreases organ function. Fibrosis, the excessive synthesis and deposition of extracellular matrix components, is the main cause of most chronic diseases including aging-related organ failure. Organ fibrosis in the heart, liver, and kidneys is the final manifestation of many chronic diseases. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a cytoplasmic receptor and highly conserved transcription factor that is activated by a variety of small-molecule ligands to affect a wide array of tissue homeostasis functions. In recent years, mounting evidence has revealed that AHR plays an important role in multi-organ fibrosis initiation, progression, and therapy. In this review, we summarise the relationship between AHR and the pathogenesis of aging-related tissue fibrosis, and further discuss how AHR modulates tissue fibrosis by regulating transforming growth factor-β signalling, immune response, and mitochondrial function, which may offer novel targets for the prevention and treatment of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-E Yang
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Yan-Ni Wang
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Meng-Ru Hua
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Hua Miao
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
| | - Gang Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China.
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Kageyama S, Kadono K, Hirao H, Nakamura K, Ito T, Gjertson DW, Sosa RA, Reed EF, Kaldas FM, Busuttil RW, Kupiec-Weglinski JW, Zhai Y. Ischemia-reperfusion Injury in Allogeneic Liver Transplantation: A Role of CD4 T Cells in Early Allograft Injury. Transplantation 2021; 105:1989-1997. [PMID: 33065722 PMCID: PMC8046839 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000003488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A major discrepancy between clinical and most experimental settings of liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is the allogenicity. METHODS In the current study, we first established a murine model of allogeneic orthotopic liver transplantation with extended cold ischemia time (18 h). Roles of CD4 T cells in the pathogenesis of IRI in liver allografts were determined using a depleting anti-CD4 antibody. The clinical relevance of CD4 as a marker of liver IRI was analyzed retrospectively in 55 liver transplant patients. RESULTS CD4 depletion in both donors and recipients resulted in the most effective protection of liver allografts from IRI, as measured by serum transaminase levels and liver histology. CD4 depletion inhibited IR-induced intragraft neutrophil/macrophage infiltration and proinflammatory gene expressions. Quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis of human liver biopsies (2 h postreperfusion) revealed that posttransplant, rather than pretransplant, CD4 transcript levels correlated positively with proinflammatory gene expression profile. When we divided patients into subgroups according to intragraft CD4 levels, the high CD4 cohort developed a more severe hepatocellular damage than that with low CD4 levels. CONCLUSIONS CD4 T cells play a key pathogenic role in IRI of allogeneic liver transplants, and intragraft CD4 levels in the early postreperfusion phase may serve as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target to ameliorate liver IRI and improve orthotopic liver transplantation outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichi Kageyama
- Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Kentaro Kadono
- Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Hirofumi Hirao
- Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Kojiro Nakamura
- Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Takahiro Ito
- Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - David W. Gjertson
- Department of Biostatistics, UCLA School of Public Health University of California, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Rebecca A. Sosa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Elaine F. Reed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Fady M. Kaldas
- Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Ronald W. Busuttil
- Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jerzy W. Kupiec-Weglinski
- Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Yuan Zhai
- Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
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Meijnikman AS, Herrema H, Scheithauer TPM, Kroon J, Nieuwdorp M, Groen AK. Evaluating causality of cellular senescence in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. JHEP Rep 2021; 3:100301. [PMID: 34113839 PMCID: PMC8170167 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2021.100301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a state of irreversible cell cycle arrest that has important physiological functions. However, cellular senescence is also a hallmark of ageing and has been associated with several pathological conditions. A wide range of factors including genotoxic stress, mitogens and inflammatory cytokines can induce senescence. Phenotypically, senescent cells are characterised by short telomeres, an enlarged nuclear area and damaged genomic and mitochondrial DNA. Secretion of proinflammatory proteins, also known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype, is a characteristic of senescent cells that is thought to be the main contributor to their disease-inducing properties. In the past decade, the role of cellular senescence in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its progression towards non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has garnered significant interest. Until recently, it was suggested that hepatocyte cellular senescence is a mere consequence of the metabolic dysregulation and inflammatory phenomena in fatty liver disease. However, recent work in rodents has suggested that senescence may be a causal factor in NAFLD development. Although causality is yet to be established in humans, current evidence suggests that targeting senescent cells has therapeutic potential for NAFLD. We aim to provide insights into the quality of the evidence supporting a causal role of cellular senescence in the development of NAFLD in rodents and humans. We will elaborate on key cellular and molecular features of senescence and discuss the efficacy and safety of novel senolytic drugs for the treatment or prevention of NAFLD.
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Key Words
- ATM, ataxia telangiectasia mutated
- C/EBPα, CCAAT- enhancer-binding protein
- CDK, cyclin dependent kinase
- DDR, DNA damage response
- FFAs, free fatty acids
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- IL-, interleukin
- KC, Kupffer cell
- LSEC, liver sinusoidal endothelial cell
- MCP1/CCL2, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
- MiDAS, mitochondrial dysfunction-associated senescence
- NAFL, non-alcoholic fatty liver
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- Rb, retinoblastoma factor
- SA-β gal, senescence-associated beta-galactosidase
- SASP, senescence-associated secretory phenotype
- SCAP, senescence-associated antiapoptotic pathways
- TGFβ, transforming growth factor-β
- TNFα, tumour necrosis factor-α
- cellular senescence
- non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
- obesity
- qPCR, quantitative PCR
- senolytics
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Stijn Meijnikman
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hilde Herrema
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jeffrey Kroon
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Albert Kornelis Groen
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Corresponding author. Address: Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Meibergdreef 9 room G-146, 1105AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Abstract
Aging increases the incidence of chronic liver disease (CLD), worsens its prognosis, and represents the predominant risk factor for its development at all different stages. The hepatic sinusoid, which is fundamental for maintaining liver homeostasis, is composed by hepatocytes, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, hepatic stellate cells, and hepatic macrophages. During CLD progression, hepatic cells suffer deregulations in their phenotype, which ultimately lead to disease development. The effects of aging on the hepatic sinusoid phenotype and function are not well understood, nevertheless, studies performed in experimental models of liver diseases and aging demonstrate alterations in all hepatic sinusoidal cells. This review provides an updated description of age-related changes in the hepatic sinusoid and discusses the implications for CLD development and treatment. Lastly, we propose aging as a novel therapeutic target to treat liver diseases and summarize the most promising therapies to prevent or improve CLD and extend healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Maeso-Díaz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Health System, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jordi Gracia-Sancho
- Liver Vascular Biology Research Group, IDIBAPS Biomedical Research Institute, CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain.,Division of Hepatology, Department of Biomedical Research, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Solfrizzi V, Scafato E, Custodero C, Loparco F, Ciavarella A, Panza F, Seripa D, Imbimbo BP, Lozupone M, Napoli N, Piazzolla G, Galluzzo L, Gandin C, Baldereschi M, Di Carlo A, Inzitari D, Pilotto A, Sabbà C. Liver fibrosis score, physical frailty, and the risk of dementia in older adults: The Italian Longitudinal Study on Aging. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2020; 6:e12065. [PMID: 32864415 PMCID: PMC7443742 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Liver fibrosis increases progressively with aging and has been associated with poorer cognitive performance in middle-aged and older adults. We investigated the relationships between a non-invasive score for advanced liver fibrosis (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease [NAFLD] fibrosis score [NFS]) and dementia risk. We also assessed physical frailty, a common geriatric condition which is associated to dementia. We tested the joint effects of physical frailty and fibrosis on dementia incidence. METHODS A total of 1061 older adults (65 to 84 years), from the Italian Longitudinal Study on Aging, were prospectively evaluated for the risk of dementia in a period between 1992 and 2001. Liver fibrosis was defined according to the NFS. Physical frailty was assessed according to the Fried's criteria. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the short- and long-term risk of overall dementia, associated to the NFS, testing the effect modifier of physical frailty status. RESULTS Older adults with only high NFS (F3-F4) did not exhibit a significant increased risk of overall dementia. Over 8 years of follow-up, frail older adults with high NFS had an increased risk of overall dementia (hazard ratio [HR]: 4.23; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22 to 14.70, P = .023). Finally, physically frail older adults with low albumin serum levels (albumin < 4.3 g/dL) and with advanced liver fibrosis (F3-F4 NFS) compared to those with lower liver fibrosis score (F0-F2 NFS) were more likely to have a higher risk of overall dementia in a long term-period (HR: 16.42; 95% CI: 1.44 to 187.67, P = .024). DISCUSSION Advanced liver fibrosis (F3-F4 NFS) could be a long-term predictor for overall dementia in people with physical frailty. These findings should encourage a typical geriatric, multidisciplinary assessment which accounts also for the possible co-presence of frail condition in older adults with chronic liver disease and liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Solfrizzi
- Clinica Medica “Frugoni” and Geriatric Medicine‐Memory UnitUniversity of Bari Aldo MoroBariItaly
| | - Emanuele Scafato
- Population Health and Health Determinants Unit, National Centre for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion (CNESPS)Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS)RomaItaly
- Department of Cardiovascular, Dysmetabolic and Ageing‐Associated DiseasesIstituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS)RomaItaly
| | - Carlo Custodero
- Clinica Medica “Frugoni” and Geriatric Medicine‐Memory UnitUniversity of Bari Aldo MoroBariItaly
| | - Francesca Loparco
- Clinica Medica “Frugoni” and Geriatric Medicine‐Memory UnitUniversity of Bari Aldo MoroBariItaly
| | - Alessandro Ciavarella
- Clinica Medica “Frugoni” and Geriatric Medicine‐Memory UnitUniversity of Bari Aldo MoroBariItaly
| | - Francesco Panza
- Geriatric UnitFondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”FoggiaItaly
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”Research HospitalBariItaly
| | - Davide Seripa
- Geriatric UnitFondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”FoggiaItaly
- Hematology and Stem Cell Transplant UnitVito Fazzi HospitalLecceItaly
| | | | - Madia Lozupone
- Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Department of Basic Medicine, Neuroscience, and Sense OrgansUniversity of Bari Aldo MoroBariItaly
| | - Nicola Napoli
- Clinica Medica “Frugoni” and Geriatric Medicine‐Memory UnitUniversity of Bari Aldo MoroBariItaly
| | - Giuseppina Piazzolla
- Clinica Medica “Frugoni” and Geriatric Medicine‐Memory UnitUniversity of Bari Aldo MoroBariItaly
| | - Lucia Galluzzo
- Department of Cardiovascular, Dysmetabolic and Ageing‐Associated DiseasesIstituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS)RomaItaly
| | - Claudia Gandin
- Population Health and Health Determinants Unit, National Centre for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion (CNESPS)Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS)RomaItaly
| | - Marzia Baldereschi
- Institute of NeuroscienceItalian National Research Council (CNR)FirenzeItaly
| | - Antonio Di Carlo
- Institute of NeuroscienceItalian National Research Council (CNR)FirenzeItaly
| | - Domenico Inzitari
- Institute of NeuroscienceItalian National Research Council (CNR)FirenzeItaly
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Neuroscience SectionUniversity of FlorenceFirenzeItaly
| | - Alberto Pilotto
- Clinica Medica “Frugoni” and Geriatric Medicine‐Memory UnitUniversity of Bari Aldo MoroBariItaly
- Geriatrics Unit, Department of Geriatric CareOrthogeriatrics and RehabilitationGenovaItaly
| | - Carlo Sabbà
- Clinica Medica “Frugoni” and Geriatric Medicine‐Memory UnitUniversity of Bari Aldo MoroBariItaly
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Weaning Mice and Adult Mice Exhibit Differential Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Acute Hepatotoxicity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9030201. [PMID: 32121508 PMCID: PMC7139353 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9030201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Age is a risk factor for drug-induced liver injury (DILI). However, there is a limited understanding of pediatric DILI. Here, 2-week-old weaning and 8-week-old adult male ICR mice were intraperitoneally injected with CCl4 (0.1 mmol/kg equal to 15.4 mg/kg) to comparatively evaluate the time-dependent liver damage and cellular events. CCl4 significantly enhanced the serum alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase levels and hepatic centrilobular necrosis in the weaning mice, whereas it induced mild liver injury in the adult mice. CCl4-treated weaning mice exhibited higher hepatic levels of pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax, cleaved caspase-3, -7, and -9), activated MAPKs (p-JNK and p-Erk), and endoplasmic reticulum stress indicators (ATF6 and CHOP) and lower hepatic anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 levels than the adult mice. The weaning mice exhibited enhanced basal hepatic glutathione (GSH) levels due to high glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) and low anti-cysteine dioxygenase (CDO) enzyme levels. However, CCl4 markedly reduced the hepatic GSH levels only in the weaning mice. Furthermore, higher hepatic levels of oxidative stress-induced malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxynonenal, nitrotyrosine-protein adducts, and oxidized proteins were observed in CCl4-treated weaning mice than in CCl4-treated adult mice. The enhanced levels of hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2E1 and CYP3A, and decreased hepatic GSH S-transferase (GST)-π and GSH reductase (GR) levels in the weaning mice may contribute to their enhanced susceptibility to liver damage.
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11
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Roeb E. Das klinische Bild der nichtalkoholischen Fettlebererkrankung. DER GASTROENTEROLOGE 2020; 15:78-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s11377-020-00425-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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12
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Carrier P, Debette-Gratien M, Jacques J, Loustaud-Ratti V. Cirrhotic patients and older people. World J Hepatol 2019; 11:663-677. [PMID: 31598192 PMCID: PMC6783402 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v11.i9.663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The global population is aging, and so the number of older cirrhotic patients is increasing. Older patients are characterised by a risk of frailty and comorbidities, and age is a risk factor for mortality in cirrhotic patients. The incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as an aetiology of cirrhosis is increasing, while that of chronic viral hepatitis is decreasing. Also, cirrhosis is frequently idiopathic. The management of portal hypertension in older cirrhotic patients is similar to that in younger patients, despite the greater risk of treatment-related adverse events of the former. The prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma increases with age, but its treatment is unaffected. Liver transplantation is generally recommended for patients < 70 years of age. Despite the increasing prevalence of cirrhosis in older people, little data are available and few recommendations have been proposed. This review suggests that comorbidities have a considerable impact on older cirrhotic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Carrier
- Fédération d’Hépatologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dupuytren de Limoges, Limoges 87042, France
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie de Limoges, Rue Docteur Marcland, Limoges 87042, France
| | - Marilyne Debette-Gratien
- Fédération d’Hépatologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dupuytren de Limoges, Limoges 87042, France
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie de Limoges, Rue Docteur Marcland, Limoges 87042, France
| | - Jérémie Jacques
- Service de Gastroentérologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dupuytren de Limoges, Limoges 87042, France
| | - Véronique Loustaud-Ratti
- Fédération d’Hépatologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dupuytren de Limoges, Limoges 87042, France
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie de Limoges, Rue Docteur Marcland, Limoges 87042, France.
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13
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Maeso-Díaz R, Ortega-Ribera M, Lafoz E, Lozano JJ, Baiges A, Francés R, Albillos A, Peralta C, García-Pagán JC, Bosch J, Cogger VC, Gracia-Sancho J. Aging Influences Hepatic Microvascular Biology and Liver Fibrosis in Advanced Chronic Liver Disease. Aging Dis 2019; 10:684-698. [PMID: 31440376 PMCID: PMC6675529 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2019.0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced chronic liver disease (aCLD) represents a major public health concern. aCLD is more prevalent and severe in the elderly, carrying a higher risk of decompensation. We aimed at understanding how aging may impact on the pathophysiology of aCLD in aged rats and humans and secondly, at evaluating simvastatin as a therapeutic option in aged animals. aCLD was induced in young (1 month) and old (16 months) rats. A subgroup of aCLD-old animals received simvastatin (5 mg/kg) or vehicle (PBS) for 15 days. Hepatic and systemic hemodynamic, liver cells phenotype and hepatic fibrosis were evaluated. Additionally, the gene expression signature of cirrhosis was evaluated in a cohort of young and aged cirrhotic patients. Aged animals developed a more severe form of aCLD. Portal hypertension and liver fibrosis were exacerbated as a consequence of profound deregulations in the phenotype of the main hepatic cells: hepatocytes presented more extensive cell-death and poorer function, LSEC were further capillarized, HSC over-activated and macrophage infiltration was significantly increased. The gene expression signature of cirrhosis significantly differed comparing young and aged patients, indicating alterations in sinusoidal-protective pathways and confirming the pre-clinical observations. Simvastatin administration for 15-day to aged cirrhotic rats improved the hepatic sinusoidal milieu, leading to significant amelioration in portal hypertension. This study provides evidence that aCLD pathobiology is different in aged individuals. As the median age of patients with aCLD is increasing, we propose a real-life pre-clinical model to develop more reliable therapeutic strategies. Simvastatin effects in this model further demonstrate its translational potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Maeso-Díaz
- 1Liver Vascular Biology Research Group, Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, IDIBAPS Biomedical Research Institute, University of Barcelona Medical School, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martí Ortega-Ribera
- 1Liver Vascular Biology Research Group, Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, IDIBAPS Biomedical Research Institute, University of Barcelona Medical School, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Erica Lafoz
- 1Liver Vascular Biology Research Group, Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, IDIBAPS Biomedical Research Institute, University of Barcelona Medical School, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan José Lozano
- 2Biomedical Research Network Center in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Baiges
- 1Liver Vascular Biology Research Group, Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, IDIBAPS Biomedical Research Institute, University of Barcelona Medical School, Barcelona, Spain.,2Biomedical Research Network Center in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rubén Francés
- 2Biomedical Research Network Center in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain.,3Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL -Fundación FISABIO), Alicante, Spain
| | - Agustín Albillos
- 2Biomedical Research Network Center in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain.,4 Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Peralta
- 2Biomedical Research Network Center in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain.,5Protective Strategies Against Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Group, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos García-Pagán
- 1Liver Vascular Biology Research Group, Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, IDIBAPS Biomedical Research Institute, University of Barcelona Medical School, Barcelona, Spain.,2Biomedical Research Network Center in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Bosch
- 1Liver Vascular Biology Research Group, Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, IDIBAPS Biomedical Research Institute, University of Barcelona Medical School, Barcelona, Spain.,2Biomedical Research Network Center in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain.,6Hepatology, Department of Biomedical Research, Inselspital, Bern University, Switzerland
| | - Victoria C Cogger
- 7Centre for Education and Research on Ageing & ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney and Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jordi Gracia-Sancho
- 1Liver Vascular Biology Research Group, Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, IDIBAPS Biomedical Research Institute, University of Barcelona Medical School, Barcelona, Spain.,2Biomedical Research Network Center in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain.,6Hepatology, Department of Biomedical Research, Inselspital, Bern University, Switzerland
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14
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Morsiani C, Bacalini MG, Santoro A, Garagnani P, Collura S, D'Errico A, de Eguileor M, Grazi GL, Cescon M, Franceschi C, Capri M. The peculiar aging of human liver: A geroscience perspective within transplant context. Ageing Res Rev 2019; 51:24-34. [PMID: 30772626 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An appraisal of recent data highlighting aspects inspired by the new Geroscience perspective are here discussed. The main findings are summarized as follows: i) liver has to be considered an immunological organ, and new studies suggest a role for the recently described cells named telocytes; ii) the liver-gut axis represents a crucial connection with environment and life style habits and may influence liver diseases onset; iii) the physiological aging of liver shows relatively modest alterations. Nevertheless, several molecular changes appear to be relevant: a) an increase of microRNA-31-5p; -141-3p; -200c-3p expressions after 60 years of age; b) a remodeling of genome-wide DNA methylation profile evident until 60 years of age and then plateauing; c) changes in transcriptome including the metabolic zones of hepatocyte lobules; d) liver undergoes an accelerated aging in presence of chronic inflammation/liver diseases in a sort of continuum, largely as a consequence of unhealthy life styles and exposure to environmental noxious agents. We argue that chronic liver inflammation has all the major characteristics of "inflammaging" and likely sustains the onset and progression of liver diseases. Finally, we propose to use a combination of parameters, mostly obtained by omics such as transcriptomics and epigenomics, to evaluate in deep both the biological age of liver (in comparison with the chronological age) and the effects of donor-recipient age-mismatches in the context of liver transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Morsiani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | | | - Aurelia Santoro
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; CIG-Interdepartmental Center "Galvani", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Garagnani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; CIG-Interdepartmental Center "Galvani", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Clinical Chemistry Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Laboratory of Cell Biology, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy; CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics, Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Salvatore Collura
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonia D'Errico
- Pathology Unit, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Magda de Eguileor
- DBSV-Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Cescon
- DIMEC-Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Applied Mathematics of the Institute of ITMM, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Miriam Capri
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; CIG-Interdepartmental Center "Galvani", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; CSR-Centro di Studio per la Ricerca dell'Invecchiamento, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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15
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Marchisello S, Di Pino A, Scicali R, Urbano F, Piro S, Purrello F, Rabuazzo AM. Pathophysiological, Molecular and Therapeutic Issues of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: An Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081948. [PMID: 31010049 PMCID: PMC6514656 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) represents the leading cause of liver disease in developed countries but its diffusion is currently also emerging in Asian countries, in South America and in other developing countries. It is progressively becoming one of the main diseases responsible for hepatic insufficiency, hepatocarcinoma and the need for orthotopic liver transplantation. NAFLD is linked with metabolic syndrome in a close and bidirectional relationship. To date, NAFLD is a diagnosis of exclusion, and liver biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosis. NAFLD pathogenesis is complex and multifactorial, mainly involving genetic, metabolic and environmental factors. New concepts are constantly arising in the literature promising new diagnostic and therapeutic tools. One of the challenges will be to better characterize not only NAFLD development but overall NAFLD progression, in order to better identify NAFLD patients at higher risk of metabolic, cardiovascular and neoplastic complications. This review analyses NAFLD epidemiology and the different prevalence of the disease in distinct groups, particularly according to sex, age, body mass index, type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia. Furthermore, the work expands on the pathophysiology of NAFLD, examining multiple-hit pathogenesis and the role of different factors in hepatic steatosis development and progression: genetics, metabolic factors and insulin resistance, diet, adipose tissue, gut microbiota, iron deposits, bile acids and circadian clock. In conclusion, the current available therapies for NAFLD will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Marchisello
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Catania, Catania 95100, Italy.
| | - Antonino Di Pino
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Catania, Catania 95100, Italy.
| | - Roberto Scicali
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Catania, Catania 95100, Italy.
| | - Francesca Urbano
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Catania, Catania 95100, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Piro
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Catania, Catania 95100, Italy.
| | - Francesco Purrello
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Catania, Catania 95100, Italy.
| | - Agata Maria Rabuazzo
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Catania, Catania 95100, Italy.
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Abstract
As the HIV population continues to live longer as a result of antiretroviral therapy, liver-related mortality has become one of the leading causes of non-AIDS related death in this patient population. The liver possesses a remarkable regenerative capacity but undergoes complex biological changes in response to aging and inflammation that result in decreased cellular regeneration and a tipping of the scales towards fibrogenesis. Patients with HIV infection have serological evidence of ongoing inflammation, with elevations in some biomarkers persisting despite adequate virologic control. In addition, HIV-co-infected patients have markers of advanced age on liver biopsy and increased prevalence of fibrosis as compared to an age-matched HCV mono-infected cohort. In this review, we will discuss the biology of aging, age-related changes in the liver, and the relevant mechanisms by which HIV causes inflammation in the context of accelerated aging, fibrosis of the liver, and other viral co-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin W Chan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, 315 Trent Dr, PO Box 102359, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
| | - Yuval A Patel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Steve Choi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Durham VA Medical Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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17
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Huang CF, Yu ML. Treating hepatitis C in the elderly: pharmacotherapeutic considerations and developments. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2017; 18:1867-1874. [PMID: 29086615 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2017.1400010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The seroprevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection tends to be higher in the elderly than in younger populations. Meanwhile, age per sec is an unfavorable determinant that has an impact on liver-related outcomes. Geriatric chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients would be viewed as a special population and have an urgent need for viral eradication. Areas covered: The antivirals for CHC have evolved from interferon (IFN)-based therapyto interferon-free DAAs. The treatment strategy, in terms of its clinical efficacy and drug safety, in the elderly is presented. Expert opinion: In the previous IFN era, the sustained virological response (SVR) rate of the elderly was lower. More unfavorable safety concerns attributing to the underlying liver disease severity and extra-hepatic presentations further compromised the treatment efficacy. In the IFN-free DAA era, data showing similar SVR rates and safety profiles between the elderly and their counterparts have been demonstrated. Notably, aging is an unfavorable factor for fibrosis regression and HCC development even after HCV eradication. The extent of the improvement of extra-hepatic manifestations in the elderly with SVR is also unclear. The long-term benefits of viral eradication by DAAs in the elderly await further explorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Feng Huang
- a Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine , Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan.,b Faculty of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine , Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan.,c Department of Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital , Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Ming-Lung Yu
- a Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine , Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan.,b Faculty of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine , Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan.,d Institute of Biomedical Sciences , National Sun Yat-Sen University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan.,e Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology , Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA.,f College of Biological Science and Technology , National Chiao Tung University , Hsin-Chu , Taiwan
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18
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Delire B, Lebrun V, Selvais C, Henriet P, Bertrand A, Horsmans Y, Leclercq IA. Aging enhances liver fibrotic response in mice through hampering extracellular matrix remodeling. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 9:98-113. [PMID: 27941216 PMCID: PMC5310658 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Clinical data identify age as a factor for severe liver fibrosis. We evaluate whether and how aging modulates the fibrotic response in a mouse model. Liver fibrosis was induced by CCl4 injections (thrice weekly for 2 weeks) in 7 weeks- and 15 months-old mice (young and old, respectively). Livers were analyzed for fibrosis, inflammation and remodeling 48 and 96 hours after the last injection. Old mice developed more severe fibrosis compared to young ones as evaluated by sirius red morphometry. Expression of pro-fibrogenic genes was equally induced in the two age-groups but enhanced fibrolysis in young mice was demonstrated by a significantly higher Mmp13 induction and collagenase activity. While fibrosis resolution occurred in young mice within 96 hours, no significant fibrosis attenuation was observed in old mice. Although recruitment of monocytes-derived macrophages was similar in young and old livers, young macrophages had globally a remodeling phenotype while old ones, a pro-fibrogenic phenotype. Moreover, we observed a higher proportion of thick fibers and enhanced expression of enzymes involved in collagen maturation in old mice. CONCLUSION Impaired fibrolysis of a matrix less prone to remodeling associated with a pro-inflammatory phenotype of infiltrated macrophages contribute to a more severe fibrosis in old mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bénédicte Delire
- Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Valérie Lebrun
- Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Selvais
- Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrick Henriet
- Cell Biology Unit, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Amélie Bertrand
- Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yves Horsmans
- Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc and Institute of Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabelle A Leclercq
- Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
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Kim IH, Xu J, Liu X, Koyama Y, Ma HY, Diggle K, You YH, Schilling JM, Jeste D, Sharma K, Brenner DA, Kisseleva T. Aging increases the susceptibility of hepatic inflammation, liver fibrosis and aging in response to high-fat diet in mice. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 38:291-302. [PMID: 27578257 PMCID: PMC5061686 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-016-9938-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate whether aging increases the susceptibility of hepatic and renal inflammation or fibrosis in response to high-fat diet (HFD) and explore the underlying genetic alterations. Middle (10 months old) and old (20 months old) aged, male C57BL/6N mice were fed either a low-fat diet (4 % fat) or HFD (60 % fat) for 4 months. Young (3 months old) aged mice were included as control group. HFD-induced liver and kidney injuries were analyzed by serum and urine assay, histologic staining, immunohistochemistry, and reverse-transcription real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Total RNA sequencing with next-generation technology was done with RNA extracted from liver tissues. With HFD feeding, aged was associated with higher serum alanine aminotransferase levels, marked infiltration of hepatic macrophages, and increased expression of inflammatory cytokines (MCP1, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-17A). Importantly, aged mice showed more advanced hepatic fibrosis and increased expression of fibrogenic markers (Col-I-α1, αSMA, TGF-β1, TGF-β2, TGFβRII, PDGF, PDGFRβII, TIMP1) in response to HFD. Aged mice fed on HFD also showed increased oxidative stress and TLR4 expression. In the total RNA seq and gene ontology analysis of liver, old-aged HFD group showed significant up-regulation of genes linked to innate immune response, immune response, defense response, inflammatory response compared to middle-aged HFD group. Meanwhile, aging and HFD feeding showed significant increase in glomerular size and mesangial area, higher urine albumin/creatinine ratio, and advanced renal inflammation or fibrosis. However, the difference of HFD-induced renal injury between old-aged group and middle-aged group was not significant. The susceptibility of hepatic fibrosis as well as hepatic inflammation in response to HFD was significantly increased with aging. In addition, aging was associated with glomerular alterations and increased renal inflammation or fibrosis, while the differential effect of aging on HFD-induced renal injury was not remarkable as shown in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Hee Kim
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive # 0702, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive # 0702, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive # 0702, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Yukinori Koyama
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive # 0702, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Hsiao-Yen Ma
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive # 0702, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Karin Diggle
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive # 0702, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Young-Hyun You
- Center for Renal Translational Medicine, Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jan M Schilling
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Dilip Jeste
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, and the Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kumar Sharma
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive # 0702, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - David A Brenner
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive # 0702, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Tatiana Kisseleva
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive # 0702, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA.
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20
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Ben Amar M, Bianca C. Towards a unified approach in the modeling of fibrosis: A review with research perspectives. Phys Life Rev 2016; 17:61-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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21
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Turola E, Petta S, Vanni E, Milosa F, Valenti L, Critelli R, Miele L, Maccio L, Calvaruso V, Fracanzani AL, Bianchini M, Raos N, Bugianesi E, Mercorella S, Di Giovanni M, Craxì A, Fargion S, Grieco A, Cammà C, Cotelli F, Villa E. Ovarian senescence increases liver fibrosis in humans and zebrafish with steatosis. Dis Model Mech 2015; 8:1037-46. [PMID: 26183212 PMCID: PMC4582103 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.019950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Contrasting data exist on the effect of gender and menopause on the susceptibility, development and liver damage progression in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Our aim was to assess whether menopause is associated with the severity of liver fibrosis in individuals with NAFLD and to explore the issue of ovarian senescence in experimental liver steatosis in zebrafish. In 244 females and age-matched males with biopsy-proven NAFLD, we assessed anthropometric, biochemical and metabolic features, including menopausal status (self-reported); liver biopsy was scored according to 'The Pathology Committee of the NASH Clinical Research Network'. Young and old male and female zebrafish were fed for 24 weeks with a high-calorie diet. Weekly body mass index (BMI), histopathological examination and quantitative real-time PCR analysis on genes involved in lipid metabolism, inflammation and fibrosis were performed. In the entire cohort, at multivariate logistic regression, male gender [odds ratio (OR): 1.408, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.779-2.542, P=0.25] vs women at reproductive age was not associated with F2-F4 fibrosis, whereas a trend was observed for menopause (OR: 1.752, 95% CI: 0.956-3.208, P=0.06). In women, menopause (OR: 2.717, 95% CI: 1.020-7.237, P=0.04) was independently associated with F2-F4 fibrosis. Similarly, in overfed zebrafish, old female fish with failing ovarian function [as demonstrated by extremely low circulating estradiol levels (1.4±0.1 pg/µl) and prevailing presence of atretic follicles in the ovaries] developed massive steatosis and substantial fibrosis (comparable with that occurring in males), whereas young female fish developed less steatosis and were totally protected from the development of fibrosis. Ovarian senescence significantly increases the risk of fibrosis severity both in humans with NAFLD and in zebrafish with experimental steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Turola
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Salvatore Petta
- Division of Gastroenterology, DiBiMIS, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Ester Vanni
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Fabiola Milosa
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Luca Valenti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Section Internal Medicine, Fondazione Ca' Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Rosina Critelli
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Luca Miele
- Institute of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Livia Maccio
- Department of Pathology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Vincenza Calvaruso
- Division of Gastroenterology, DiBiMIS, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna L Fracanzani
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Section Internal Medicine, Fondazione Ca' Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Marcello Bianchini
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Nazarena Raos
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Bugianesi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Serena Mercorella
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Marisa Di Giovanni
- Department of Pathology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Antonio Craxì
- Division of Gastroenterology, DiBiMIS, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Silvia Fargion
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Section Internal Medicine, Fondazione Ca' Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Antonio Grieco
- Institute of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Calogero Cammà
- Division of Gastroenterology, DiBiMIS, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Franco Cotelli
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Erica Villa
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Aging is a condition in which a person gradually loses the ability to maintain homeostasis, due to structural alteration or dysfunction. Aging is a major risk factor for most chronic diseases. As the liver has a remarkable ability to regenerate, this review assessed the effect of aging on clinical liver disease with references to preclinical models when relevant to pathogenesis. RECENT FINDINGS Aging has been shown to not only enhance vulnerability to acute liver injury but also increase susceptibility of the fibrotic response. Aging is associated with the severity and poor prognosis of various liver diseases including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, hepatitis C, and liver transplantation. SUMMARY Treatment of older patients with liver disease may require different or longer interventions. Transplantation of an older liver will be less tolerant of subsequent injury. Future studies are needed to understand more about the molecular mechanism of aging and contribute to the development of a noble treatment strategy that can block the progression of aging-induced liver diseases.
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Cui L, Shi Y, Han Y, Fan D. Immunological basis of stem cell therapy in liver diseases. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 10:1185-96. [PMID: 24964800 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2014.930665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Unbalanced immune cell populations or immune cell infiltration of the liver can disrupt the immune-privileged state of the liver, resulting in liver injury or fibrosis. Therefore, the treatment for liver diseases involves not only hepatic regeneration but also immunological regulation. Recent studies demonstrated that stem cells, especially mesenchymal stem cells, have the capacity for not only hepatic differentiation but also immunomodulation. In this respect, stem cell therapy could be a realistic aim for liver diseases by modulating the liver regenerative processes and down-regulating immune-mediated liver damage. In this review, we discuss in detail the importance of immune cells in liver injury and repair; the mechanism by which stem cells demonstrate an immune-tolerant phenotype that can be used for allogeneic transplantation; the effect of stem cell transplantation on immune-mediated diseases, especially liver diseases; and the mechanism by which stem cells improve the hepatic microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
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24
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Abstract
Acute liver failure (ALF) is uncommon but fatal. Current management is based mostly on clinical experience. We aimed to investigate the incidence, etiology, outcomes, and prognostic factors of ALF in Taiwan. Patients with the admission diagnosis of ALF between January 2005 and September 2007 were identified from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database of Taiwan. ALF was further confirmed by disease severity based on laboratory orders, prescriptions, and duration of hospital stay, and acute onset without prior liver disease. Prognostic factors were identified using Cox regression analysis. During the study period, 218 eligible cases were identified from 28,078 potential eligible ALF patients. The incidence was 80.2 per million person-years in average and increased with age. The mean age was 57.9 ± 17.1 years and median survival was 171 days. The most common etiologies were viral (45.4%, mainly hepatitis B virus) and followed by alcohol/toxin (33.0%). Independent prognostic factors included alcohol consumption (hazard ratio, HR, 1.67 [1.01-2.77]), malignancy (HR 2.90 [1.92-4.37]), frequency of checkups per week for total bilirubin (HR 1.57 [1.40-1.76]), sepsis (HR 1.85 [1.20-2.85]), and the use of hemodialysis/hemofiltration (HR 2.12 [1.15-3.9]) and proton pump inhibitor (HR 0.94 [0.90-0.98]). Among the 130 patients who survived ≥90 days, 66 (50.8%) were complicated by liver cirrhosis. Eight (3.7%) were referred for liver transplantation evaluation, but only 1 received transplantation and survived. ALF in Taiwan is mainly due to viral infection. Patients with malignancy and alcohol exposure have worst prognosis. The use of proton pump inhibitor is associated with improved survival. Half of the ALF survivors have liver cirrhosis.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Biliary Tract Neoplasms/classification
- Biliary Tract Neoplasms/epidemiology
- Biliary Tract Neoplasms/mortality
- Cause of Death
- Comorbidity
- Cross-Sectional Studies
- Female
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/classification
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/diagnosis
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/epidemiology
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/mortality
- Hepatitis, Alcoholic/classification
- Hepatitis, Alcoholic/diagnosis
- Hepatitis, Alcoholic/epidemiology
- Hepatitis, Alcoholic/mortality
- Humans
- Incidence
- Liver Cirrhosis/classification
- Liver Cirrhosis/diagnosis
- Liver Cirrhosis/epidemiology
- Liver Cirrhosis/mortality
- Liver Failure, Acute/classification
- Liver Failure, Acute/diagnosis
- Liver Failure, Acute/epidemiology
- Liver Failure, Acute/etiology
- Liver Failure, Acute/mortality
- Liver Transplantation/mortality
- Longitudinal Studies
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Prognosis
- Referral and Consultation/statistics & numerical data
- Risk Factors
- Severity of Illness Index
- Survival Analysis
- Taiwan
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Maw Ho
- Department of Surgery (CMH, PHL, HSL, RHH), Department of Internal Medicine (JYW), National Taiwan University Hospital, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine (CMH, PHL, HSL), and Department of Internal Medicine (JYW), College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Department of Pulmonary Medicine (CHL), Wanfang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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