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Midori Y, Nosaka T, Hiramatsu K, Akazawa Y, Tanaka T, Takahashi K, Naito T, Matsuda H, Ohtani M, Nakamoto Y. Isolation of mucosa-associated microbiota dysbiosis in the ascending colon in hepatitis C virus post-sustained virologic response cirrhotic patients. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1371429. [PMID: 38650735 PMCID: PMC11033736 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1371429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Achieving sustained virologic response (SVR) in patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) reduces all-cause mortality. However, the mechanisms and risk factors for liver fibrosis and portal hypertension post-SVR remain incompletely understood. In the gut-liver axis, mucosa-associated microbiota (MAM) substantially influence immune and metabolic functions, displaying spatial heterogeneity at the anatomical intestinal site. We analyzed MAM composition and function to isolate the locoregional MAM involved in chronic liver disease progression in HCV post-SVR patients. Methods We collected MAM samples from three intestinal sites (terminal ileum, ascending colon, and sigmoid colon) via brushing during colonoscopy in 23 HCV post-SVR patients and 25 individuals without liver disease (controls). The 16S rRNA of bacterial DNA in specimens collected with a brush and in feces was sequenced. The molecular expression of intestinal tissues and hepatic tissues were evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR. Results In the post-SVR group, the microbial β-diversity of MAM, especially in the ascending colon, differed from the control group and was associated with liver fibrosis progression. In PICRUSt analysis, MAM in the ascending colon in the liver cirrhosis (LC) group showed compromised functions associated with the intestinal barrier and bile acid production, and FGF19 expression was markedly decreased in the terminal ileum biopsy tissue in the LC group. At the genus level, six short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacterial genera, Blautia, Alistipes, Roseburia, Agathobaculum, Dorea, and Pseudoflavonifractor were reduced in the ascending colon of post-SVR LC patients. Conclusion In patients of HCV post-SVR, we identified the association between the degree of liver fibrosis and dysbiosis of mucosa-associated SCFA-producing bacterial genera that may be related to intestinal barrier and bile acid production in the ascending colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Midori
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Takuto Nosaka
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Katsushi Hiramatsu
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Fukui-ken Saiseikai Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Yu Akazawa
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Tomoko Tanaka
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Kazuto Takahashi
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Naito
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Matsuda
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ohtani
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Yasunari Nakamoto
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
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Li J, Barnes S, Lefkowitz E, Yarar-Fisher C. Unveiling the connection between gut microbiome and metabolic health in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury. Physiol Genomics 2024; 56:317-326. [PMID: 38344780 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00107.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has revealed that alterations in the gut microbiome following spinal cord injury (SCI) exhibit similarities to those observed in metabolic syndrome. Considering the causal role of gut dysbiosis in metabolic syndrome development, SCI-induced gut dysbiosis may be a previously unidentified contributor to the increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases, which has garnered attention. With a cross-sectional design, we evaluated the correlation between gut microbiome composition and functional potential with indicators of metabolic health among 46 individuals with chronic SCI. Gut microbiome communities were profiled using next-generation sequencing techniques. Indices of metabolic health, including fasting lipid profile, glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, and inflammatory markers, were assessed through fasting blood tests and an oral glucose tolerance test. We used multivariate statistical techniques (i.e., regularized canonical correlation analysis) to identify correlations between gut bacterial communities, functional pathways, and metabolic health indicators. Our findings spotlight bacterial species and functional pathways associated with complex carbohydrate degradation and maintenance of gut barrier integrity as potential contributors to improved metabolic health. Conversely, those correlated with detrimental microbial metabolites and gut inflammatory pathways demonstrated associations with poorer metabolic health outcomes. This cross-sectional investigation represents a pivotal initial step toward comprehending the intricate interplay between the gut microbiome and metabolic health in SCI. Furthermore, our results identified potential targets for future research endeavors to elucidate the role of the gut microbiome in metabolic syndrome in this population.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Spinal cord injury (SCI) is accompanied by gut dysbiosis and the impact of this on the development of metabolic syndrome in this population remains to be investigated. Our study used next-generation sequencing and multivariate statistical analyses to explore the correlations between gut microbiome composition, function, and metabolic health indices in individuals with chronic SCI. Our results point to potential gut microbial species and functional pathways that may be implicated in the development of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Stephen Barnes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Elliot Lefkowitz
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Ceren Yarar-Fisher
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
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Airola C, Andaloro S, Gasbarrini A, Ponziani FR. Vaccine Responses in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis: From the Immune System to the Gut Microbiota. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:349. [PMID: 38675732 PMCID: PMC11054513 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12040349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccines prevent a significant number of deaths annually. However, certain populations do not respond adequately to vaccination due to impaired immune systems. Cirrhosis, a condition marked by a profound disruption of immunity, impairs the normal immunization process. Critical vaccines for cirrhotic patients, such as the hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), influenza, pneumococcal, and coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), often elicit suboptimal responses in these individuals. The humoral response, essential for immunization, is less effective in cirrhosis due to a decline in B memory cells and an increase in plasma blasts, which interfere with the creation of a long-lasting response to antigen vaccination. Additionally, some T cell subtypes exhibit reduced activation in cirrhosis. Nonetheless, the persistence of memory T cell activity, while not preventing infections, may help to attenuate the severity of diseases in these patients. Alongside that, the impairment of innate immunity, particularly in dendritic cells (DCs), prevents the normal priming of adaptive immunity, interrupting the immunization process at its onset. Furthermore, cirrhosis disrupts the gut-liver axis balance, causing dysbiosis, reduced production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), increased intestinal permeability, and bacterial translocation. Undermining the physiological activity of the immune system, these alterations could impact the vaccine response. Enhancing the understanding of the molecular and cellular factors contributing to impaired vaccination responses in cirrhotic patients is crucial for improving vaccine efficacy in this population and developing better prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Airola
- Liver Unit, CEMAD Centro Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.A.); (S.A.); (A.G.)
| | - Silvia Andaloro
- Liver Unit, CEMAD Centro Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.A.); (S.A.); (A.G.)
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Liver Unit, CEMAD Centro Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.A.); (S.A.); (A.G.)
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Ponziani
- Liver Unit, CEMAD Centro Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.A.); (S.A.); (A.G.)
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Li X, He M, Yi X, Lu X, Zhu M, Xue M, Tang Y, Zhu Y. Short-chain fatty acids in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: New prospects for short-chain fatty acids as therapeutic targets. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26991. [PMID: 38486722 PMCID: PMC10937592 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a stress-induced liver injury related to heredity, environmental exposure and the gut microbiome metabolism. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), the metabolites of gut microbiota (GM), participate in the regulation of hepatic steatosis and inflammation through the gut-liver axis, which play an important role in the alleviation of NAFLD. However, little progress has been made in systematically elucidating the mechanism of how SCFAs improve NAFLD, especially the epigenetic mechanisms and the potential therapeutic application as clinical treatment for NAFLD. Herein, we adopted PubMed and Medline to search relevant keywords such as 'SCFAs', 'NAFLD', 'gut microbiota', 'Epigenetic', 'diet', and 'prebiotic effect' to review the latest research on SCFAs in NAFLD up to November 2023. In this review, firstly, we specifically discussed the production and function of SCFAs, as well as their crosstalk coordination in the gut liver axis. Secondly, we provided an updated summary and intensive discussion of how SCFAs affect hepatic steatosis to alleviate NAFLD from the perspective of genetic and epigenetic. Thirdly, we paid attention to the pharmacological and physiological characteristics of SCFAs, and proposed a promising future direction to adopt SCFAs alone or in combination with prebiotics and related clinical drugs to prevent and treat NAFLD. Together, this review aimed to elucidate the function of SCFAs and provide new insights to the prospects of SCFAs as a therapeutic target for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Maozhang He
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xinrui Yi
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xuejin Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Meizi Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Min Xue
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yunshu Tang
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, College of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yaling Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, College of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Zeng F, Su X, Liang X, Liao M, Zhong H, Xu J, Gou W, Zhang X, Shen L, Zheng JS, Chen YM. Gut microbiome features and metabolites in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults. BMC Med 2024; 22:104. [PMID: 38454425 PMCID: PMC10921631 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03317-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The specific microbiota and associated metabolites linked to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are still controversial. Thus, we aimed to understand how the core gut microbiota and metabolites impact NAFLD. METHODS The data for the discovery cohort were collected from the Guangzhou Nutrition and Health Study (GNHS) follow-up conducted between 2014 and 2018. We collected 272 metadata points from 1546 individuals. The metadata were input into four interpretable machine learning models to identify important gut microbiota associated with NAFLD. These models were subsequently applied to two validation cohorts [the internal validation cohort (n = 377), and the prospective validation cohort (n = 749)] to assess generalizability. We constructed an individual microbiome risk score (MRS) based on the identified gut microbiota and conducted animal faecal microbiome transplantation experiment using faecal samples from individuals with different levels of MRS to determine the relationship between MRS and NAFLD. Additionally, we conducted targeted metabolomic sequencing of faecal samples to analyse potential metabolites. RESULTS Among the four machine learning models used, the lightGBM algorithm achieved the best performance. A total of 12 taxa-related features of the microbiota were selected by the lightGBM algorithm and further used to calculate the MRS. Increased MRS was positively associated with the presence of NAFLD, with odds ratio (OR) of 1.86 (1.72, 2.02) per 1-unit increase in MRS. An elevated abundance of the faecal microbiota (f__veillonellaceae) was associated with increased NAFLD risk, whereas f__rikenellaceae, f__barnesiellaceae, and s__adolescentis were associated with a decreased presence of NAFLD. Higher levels of specific gut microbiota-derived metabolites of bile acids (taurocholic acid) might be positively associated with both a higher MRS and NAFLD risk. FMT in mice further confirmed a causal association between a higher MRS and the development of NAFLD. CONCLUSIONS We confirmed that an alteration in the composition of the core gut microbiota might be biologically relevant to NAFLD development. Our work demonstrated the role of the microbiota in the development of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Zeng
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No.601 Huangpu Road West, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Xin Su
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No.601 Huangpu Road West, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xinxiu Liang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Multi-Omics in Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine and School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310030, China
| | - Minqi Liao
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Haili Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jinjian Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Wanglong Gou
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Multi-Omics in Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine and School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310030, China
| | - Xiangzhou Zhang
- Big Data Decision Institute, Jinan University, No.601 Huangpu Road West, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Luqi Shen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Multi-Omics in Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine and School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310030, China
| | - Ju-Sheng Zheng
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Multi-Omics in Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine and School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310030, China.
| | - Yu-Ming Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
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Guo C, Zhang C. Role of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of endometriosis: a review. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1363455. [PMID: 38505548 PMCID: PMC10948423 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1363455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is classically defined as a chronic inflammatory heterogeneous disorder occurring in any part of the body, characterized by estrogen-driven periodic bleeding, proliferation, and fibrosis of ectopic endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterus. Endometriosis can take overwhelmingly serious damage to the structure and function of multi-organ, even impair whole-body systems, resulting in severe dysmenorrhea, chronic pelvic pain, infertility, fatigue and depression in 5-10% women of reproductive age. Precisely because of a huge deficiency of cognition about underlying etiology and complex pathogenesis of the debilitating disease, early diagnosis and treatment modalities with relatively minor side effects become bottlenecks in endometriosis. Thus, endometriosis warrants deeper exploration and expanded investigation in pathogenesis. The gut microbiota plays a significant role in chronic diseases in humans by acting as an important participant and regulator in the metabolism and immunity of the body. Increasingly, studies have shown that the gut microbiota is closely related to inflammation, estrogen metabolism, and immunity resulting in the development and progression of endometriosis. In this review, we discuss the diverse mechanisms of endometriosis closely related to the gut microbiota in order to provide new approaches for deeper exploration and expanded investigation for endometriosis on prevention, early diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chiyuan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Efremova I, Maslennikov R, Poluektova E, Medvedev O, Kudryavtseva A, Krasnov G, Fedorova M, Romanikhin F, Bakhitov V, Aliev S, Sedova N, Kuropatkina T, Ivanova A, Zharkova M, Pervushova E, Ivashkin V. Gut Microbiota and Biomarkers of Endothelial Dysfunction in Cirrhosis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1988. [PMID: 38396668 PMCID: PMC10888218 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25041988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Our aim was to study the association of endothelial dysfunction biomarkers with cirrhosis manifestations, bacterial translocation, and gut microbiota taxa. The fecal microbiome was assessed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Plasma levels of nitrite, big endothelin-1, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), presepsin, and claudin were measured as biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction, bacterial translocation, and intestinal barrier dysfunction. An echocardiography with simultaneous determination of blood pressure and heart rate was performed to evaluate hemodynamic parameters. Presepsin, claudin 3, nitrite, and ADMA levels were higher in cirrhosis patients than in controls. Elevated nitrite levels were associated with high levels of presepsin and claudin 3, the development of hemodynamic circulation, hypoalbuminemia, grade 2-3 ascites, overt hepatic encephalopathy, high mean pulmonary artery pressure, increased abundance of Proteobacteria and Erysipelatoclostridium, and decreased abundance of Oscillospiraceae, Subdoligranulum, Rikenellaceae, Acidaminococcaceae, Christensenellaceae, and Anaerovoracaceae. Elevated ADMA levels were associated with higher Child-Pugh scores, lower serum sodium levels, hypoalbuminemia, grade 2-3 ascites, milder esophageal varices, overt hepatic encephalopathy, lower mean pulmonary artery pressure, and low abundance of Erysipelotrichia and Erysipelatoclostridiaceae. High big endothelin-1 levels were associated with high levels of presepsin and sodium, low levels of fibrinogen and cholesterol, hypocoagulation, increased Bilophila and Coprobacillus abundances, and decreased Alloprevotella abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Efremova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Pogodinskaya Str. 1-1, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (I.E.); (E.P.)
| | - Roman Maslennikov
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Pogodinskaya Str. 1-1, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (I.E.); (E.P.)
- Scientific Community for the Promotion of the Clinical Study of the Human Microbiome, Pogodinskaya Str. 1-1, 119435 Moscow, Russia
- Consultative and Diagnostic Center 2 of the Moscow Health Department, Millionnaya Str. 6, 107564 Moscow, Russia (N.S.)
| | - Elena Poluektova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Pogodinskaya Str. 1-1, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (I.E.); (E.P.)
- Scientific Community for the Promotion of the Clinical Study of the Human Microbiome, Pogodinskaya Str. 1-1, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg Medvedev
- Pharmacology Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gori 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (O.M.)
| | - Anna Kudryavtseva
- Post-Genomic Research Laboratory, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str. 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - George Krasnov
- Post-Genomic Research Laboratory, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str. 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Fedorova
- Post-Genomic Research Laboratory, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str. 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Filipp Romanikhin
- Pharmacology Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gori 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (O.M.)
| | - Vyacheslav Bakhitov
- Consultative and Diagnostic Center 2 of the Moscow Health Department, Millionnaya Str. 6, 107564 Moscow, Russia (N.S.)
| | - Salekh Aliev
- Consultative and Diagnostic Center 2 of the Moscow Health Department, Millionnaya Str. 6, 107564 Moscow, Russia (N.S.)
- First Hospital Surgery Department, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova Str. 1-7, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Sedova
- Consultative and Diagnostic Center 2 of the Moscow Health Department, Millionnaya Str. 6, 107564 Moscow, Russia (N.S.)
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, FGBOU DPO “Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation”, Barricadnaya Str. 2/1-2, 125993 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana Kuropatkina
- Pharmacology Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gori 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (O.M.)
| | - Anastasia Ivanova
- Pharmacology Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gori 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (O.M.)
| | - Maria Zharkova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Pogodinskaya Str. 1-1, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (I.E.); (E.P.)
| | - Ekaterina Pervushova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Pogodinskaya Str. 1-1, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (I.E.); (E.P.)
| | - Vladimir Ivashkin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Pogodinskaya Str. 1-1, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (I.E.); (E.P.)
- Scientific Community for the Promotion of the Clinical Study of the Human Microbiome, Pogodinskaya Str. 1-1, 119435 Moscow, Russia
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Wolstenholme JT, Duong NK, Brocato ER, Bajaj JS. Gut-Liver-Brain Axis and Alcohol Use Disorder: Treatment Potential of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation. Alcohol Res 2024; 44:01. [PMID: 38322428 PMCID: PMC10843328 DOI: 10.35946/arcr.v44.1.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic alcohol use is a major cause of liver damage and death. In the United States, multiple factors have led to low utilization of pharmacotherapy for alcohol use disorder (AUD), including lack of provider knowledge and comfort in prescribing medications for AUD. Alcohol consumption has direct effects on the gut microbiota, altering the diversity of bacteria and leading to bacterial overgrowth. Growing evidence suggests that alcohol's effects on the gut microbiome may contribute to increased alcohol consumption and progression of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). This article reviews human and preclinical studies investigating the role of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in ameliorating alcohol-associated alterations to the liver, gut, and brain resulting in altered behavior; it also discusses the therapeutic potential of FMT. SEARCH METHODS For this narrative review, a literature search was conducted in September 2022 of PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, and Google Scholar to identify studies published between January 2012 and September 2022. Search terms used included "fecal microbiota transplantation" and "alcohol." SEARCH RESULTS Most results of the literature search were review articles or articles on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; these were excluded. Of the remaining empirical manuscripts, very few described clinical or preclinical studies that were directly investigating the effects of FMT on alcohol drinking or related behaviors. Ultimately, 16 studies were included in the review. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The literature search identified only a few studies that were directly investigating the effect of FMT on ALD or alcohol drinking and related behaviors. Largely proof-of-concept studies, these findings demonstrate that alcohol can alter the gut microbiome and that the microbiome can be transferred between humans and rodents to alter affective behaviors frequently associated with increased alcohol use. Other studies have shown promise of FMT or other probiotic supplementation in alleviating some of the symptoms associated with ALD and drinking. These results show that the implementation of FMT as a therapeutic approach is still in the investigatory stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer T. Wolstenholme
- Alcohol Research Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Nikki K. Duong
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Central Virginia Veterans Healthcare System, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Emily R. Brocato
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Jasmohan S. Bajaj
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Central Virginia Veterans Healthcare System, Richmond, Virginia
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Ichikawa M, Okada H, Nakamoto N, Taniki N, Chu PS, Kanai T. The gut-liver axis in hepatobiliary diseases. Inflamm Regen 2024; 44:2. [PMID: 38191517 PMCID: PMC10773109 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-023-00315-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in the analysis of intestinal bacteria have led to reports of variations in intestinal bacterial levels among hepatobiliary diseases. The mechanisms behind the changes in intestinal bacteria in various hepatobiliary diseases include the abnormal composition of intestinal bacteria, weakening of the intestinal barrier, and bacterial translocation outside the intestinal tract, along with their metabolites, but many aspects remain unresolved. Further research employing clinical studies and animal models is expected to clarify the direct relationship between intestinal bacteria and hepatobiliary diseases and to validate the utility of intestinal bacteria as a diagnostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target. This review summarizes the involvement of the microbiota in the pathogenesis of hepatobiliary diseases via the gut-liver axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Ichikawa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Tokyo, 1608582, Japan
| | - Haruka Okada
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Tokyo, 1608582, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Nakamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Tokyo, 1608582, Japan.
| | - Nobuhito Taniki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Tokyo, 1608582, Japan
| | - Po-Sung Chu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Tokyo, 1608582, Japan
| | - Takanori Kanai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Tokyo, 1608582, Japan.
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10
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Elsheikh M, El Sabagh A, Mohamed IB, Bhongade M, Hassan MM, Jalal PK. Frailty in end-stage liver disease: Understanding pathophysiology, tools for assessment, and strategies for management. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:6028-6048. [PMID: 38130738 PMCID: PMC10731159 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i46.6028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Frailty and sarcopenia are frequently observed in patients with end-stage liver disease. Frailty is a complex condition that arises from deteriorations across various physiological systems, including the musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, and immune systems, resulting in a reduced ability of the body to withstand stressors. This condition is associated with declined resilience and increased vulnerability to negative outcomes, including disability, hospitalization, and mortality. In cirrhotic patients, frailty is influenced by multiple factors, such as hyperammonemia, hormonal imbalance, malnutrition, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, and alcohol intake. Assessing frailty is crucial in predicting morbidity and mortality in cirrhotic patients. It can aid in making critical decisions regarding patients' eligibility for critical care and transplantation. This, in turn, can guide the development of an individualized treatment plan for each patient with cirrhosis, with a focus on prioritizing exercise, proper nutrition, and appropriate treatment of hepatic complications as the primary lines of treatment. In this review, we aim to explore the topic of frailty in liver diseases, with a particular emphasis on pathophysiology, clinical assessment, and discuss strategies for preventing frailty through effective treatment of hepatic complications. Furthermore, we explore novel assessment and management strategies that have emerged in recent years, including the use of wearable technology and telemedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazen Elsheikh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Ahmed El Sabagh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Islam B Mohamed
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Megha Bhongade
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Manal M Hassan
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Prasun Kumar Jalal
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States
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11
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Li X, Wang X, Wang Z, Guan J. Baizhu-Baishao herb pair ameliorates functional constipation and intestinal microflora disorder in rats. Animal Model Exp Med 2023; 6:598-608. [PMID: 37859536 PMCID: PMC10757208 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In China, Rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae-Paeonia lactiflora Pall (Biazhu-Baishao, BZBS) is a classic herb pair used to treat intestinal stress syndrome, ulcerative colitis and other diseases. However, the mechanism of BZBS in the treatment of functional constipation (FC) has been little studied and remains unclear. In this study, a behavioral investigation, colon tissue morphology, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa) and intestinal microflora analysis have been used to illuminate the potential mechanism of the effects of BZBS on FC in a rat model. METHODS A FC rat model was constructed and BZBS was given as treatment. Observations and recordings were made of the fecal moisture content, the defecation time of the first black stool, and the rate of intestinal propulsion. Elisa was used to detect the expression levels of substance P (SP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the colon. To ascertain the composition of the microbial community, a high throughput 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene sequencing technique was employed. RESULTS Oral administration of BZBS significantly ameliorated several key excretion parameters, including the time to first black stool defecation, stool water content, and the propulsion rate in the small intestine in FC rats. It increased the expression of SP, VIP and 5-HT in the colon. 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that BZBS changed the microbial community structure, decreased the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio, increased the relative abundance of Blautia and Fusicatenibacter, and decreased the relative abundance of Ruminococcus and Roseburia. CONCLUSIONS BZBS effectively alleviates FC and improves dysbacteriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Xiaoting Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Ziyan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jiaqi Guan
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
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12
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Maslennikov R, Poluektova E, Zolnikova O, Sedova A, Kurbatova A, Shulpekova Y, Dzhakhaya N, Kardasheva S, Nadinskaia M, Bueverova E, Nechaev V, Karchevskaya A, Ivashkin V. Gut Microbiota and Bacterial Translocation in the Pathogenesis of Liver Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16502. [PMID: 38003692 PMCID: PMC10671141 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cirrhosis is the end result of liver fibrosis in chronic liver diseases. Studying the mechanisms of its development and developing measures to slow down and regress it based on this knowledge seem to be important tasks for medicine. Currently, disorders of the gut-liver axis have great importance in the pathogenesis of cirrhosis. However, gut dysbiosis, which manifests as increased proportions in the gut microbiota of Bacilli and Proteobacteria that are capable of bacterial translocation and a decreased proportion of Clostridia that strengthen the intestinal barrier, occurs even at the pre-cirrhotic stage of chronic liver disease. This leads to the development of bacterial translocation, a process by which those microbes enter the blood of the portal vein and then the liver tissue, where they activate Kupffer cells through Toll-like receptor 4. In response, the Kupffer cells produce profibrogenic cytokines, which activate hepatic stellate cells, stimulating their transformation into myofibroblasts that produce collagen and other elements of the extracellular matrix. Blocking bacterial translocation with antibiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, and other methods could slow down the progression of liver fibrosis. This was shown in a number of animal models but requires further verification in long-term randomized controlled trials with humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Maslennikov
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, 119048 Moscow, Russia (A.S.); (N.D.); (M.N.); (E.B.)
- The Interregional Public Organization “Scientific Community for the Promotion of the Clinical Study of the Human Microbiome”, 119048 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Poluektova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, 119048 Moscow, Russia (A.S.); (N.D.); (M.N.); (E.B.)
- The Interregional Public Organization “Scientific Community for the Promotion of the Clinical Study of the Human Microbiome”, 119048 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oxana Zolnikova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, 119048 Moscow, Russia (A.S.); (N.D.); (M.N.); (E.B.)
| | - Alla Sedova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, 119048 Moscow, Russia (A.S.); (N.D.); (M.N.); (E.B.)
| | - Anastasia Kurbatova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, 119048 Moscow, Russia (A.S.); (N.D.); (M.N.); (E.B.)
| | - Yulia Shulpekova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, 119048 Moscow, Russia (A.S.); (N.D.); (M.N.); (E.B.)
| | - Natyia Dzhakhaya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, 119048 Moscow, Russia (A.S.); (N.D.); (M.N.); (E.B.)
| | - Svetlana Kardasheva
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, 119048 Moscow, Russia (A.S.); (N.D.); (M.N.); (E.B.)
| | - Maria Nadinskaia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, 119048 Moscow, Russia (A.S.); (N.D.); (M.N.); (E.B.)
| | - Elena Bueverova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, 119048 Moscow, Russia (A.S.); (N.D.); (M.N.); (E.B.)
| | - Vladimir Nechaev
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, 119048 Moscow, Russia (A.S.); (N.D.); (M.N.); (E.B.)
| | - Anna Karchevskaya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, 119048 Moscow, Russia (A.S.); (N.D.); (M.N.); (E.B.)
| | - Vladimir Ivashkin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, 119048 Moscow, Russia (A.S.); (N.D.); (M.N.); (E.B.)
- The Interregional Public Organization “Scientific Community for the Promotion of the Clinical Study of the Human Microbiome”, 119048 Moscow, Russia
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13
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Tilg H, Zoller H. Pleiotropic prebiotic for liver disease. Nat Microbiol 2023; 8:1944-1945. [PMID: 37845317 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01510-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Heinz Zoller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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14
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Zong X, Zhang H, Zhu L, Deehan EC, Fu J, Wang Y, Jin M. Auricularia auricula polysaccharides attenuate obesity in mice through gut commensal Papillibacter cinnamivorans. J Adv Res 2023; 52:203-218. [PMID: 37549868 PMCID: PMC10555930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Auricularia auricula is a well-known traditional edible and medical fungus with high nutritional and pharmacological values, as well as metabolic and immunoregulatory properties. Nondigestible fermentable polysaccharides are identified as primary bioactive constituents of Auricularia auricula extracts. However, the exact mechanisms underlying the effects of Auricularia auricula polysaccharides (AAP) on obesity and related metabolic endpoints, including the role of the gut microbiota, remain insufficiently understood. METHODS The effects of AAP on obesity were assessed within high-fat diet (HFD)-based mice through obesity trait analysis and metabolomic profiling. To determine the mechanistic role of the gut microbiota in observed anti-obesogenic effects AAP, faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and pseudo-germ-free mice model treated with antibiotics were also applied, together with 16S rRNA genomic-derived taxonomic profiling. RESULTS High-fat diet (HFD) murine exposure to AAP thwarted weight gains, reduced fat depositing and enhanced glucose tolerance, together with upregulating thermogenesis proteomic biomarkers within adipose tissue. Serum metabolome indicated these effects were associated with changes in fatty acid metabolism. Intestine-dwelling microbial population assessments discovered that AAP selectively enhanced Papillibacter cinnamivorans, a commensal bacterium with reduced presence in HFD mice. Notably, HFD mice treated with oral formulations of P. cinnamivorans attenuated obesity, which was linked to decreased intestinal lipid transportation and hepatic thermogenesis. Mechanistically, it was demonstrated that P. cinnamivorans regulated intestinal lipids metabolism and liver thermogenesis by reducing the proinflammatory response and gut permeability in a JAK-STAT signaling-related manner. CONCLUSION Datasets from the present study show that AAP thwarted dietary-driven obesity and metabolism-based disorders by regulating intestinal lipid transportation, a mechanism that is dependent on the gut commensal P. cinnamivorans. These results indicated AAP and P. cinnamivorans as newly identified pre- and probiotics that could serve as novel therapeutics against obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Controlling, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Luoyi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Controlling, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Edward C Deehan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Jie Fu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Controlling, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Controlling, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Mingliang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Controlling, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
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15
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Efremova I, Maslennikov R, Poluektova E, Zharkova M, Kudryavtseva A, Krasnov G, Fedorova M, Shirokova E, Kozlov E, Levshina A, Ivashkin V. Gut Dysbiosis and Hemodynamic Changes as Links of the Pathogenesis of Complications of Cirrhosis. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2202. [PMID: 37764046 PMCID: PMC10537778 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim was to evaluate the relationship between gut dysbiosis and hemodynamic changes (hyperdynamic circulation) in cirrhosis, and between hemodynamic changes and complications of this disease. This study included 47 patients with cirrhosis. Stool microbiome was assessed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Echocardiography with a simultaneous assessment of blood pressure and heart rate was performed to assess systemic hemodynamics. Patients with hyperdynamic circulation had more severe cirrhosis, lower albumin, sodium and prothrombin levels, higher C-reactive protein, aspartate aminotransferase and total bilirubin levels, and higher incidences of portopulmonary hypertension, ascites, overt hepatic encephalopathy, hypoalbuminemia, hypoprothrombinemia, systemic inflammation, and severe hyperbilirubinemia than patients with normodynamic circulation. Patients with hyperdynamic circulation compared with those with normodynamic circulation had increased abundance of Proteobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, Bacilli, Streptococcaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Fusobacteria, Micrococcaceae, Intestinobacter, Clostridium sensu stricto, Proteus and Rumicoccus, and decreased abundance of Bacteroidetes, Bacteroidaceae, Holdemanella, and Butyrivibrio. The systemic vascular resistance and cardiac output values correlated with the abundance of Proteobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, Bacilli, Streptococcaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Micrococcaceae, and Fusobacteria. Heart rate and cardiac output value were negatively correlated with the abundance of Bacteroidetes. The mean pulmonary artery pressure value was positively correlated with the abundance of Proteobacteria and Micrococcaceae, and negatively with the abundance of Holdemanella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Efremova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia (E.P.); (M.Z.); (A.L.); (V.I.)
| | - Roman Maslennikov
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia (E.P.); (M.Z.); (A.L.); (V.I.)
- The Interregional Public Organization “Scientific Community for the Promotion of the Clinical Study of the Human Microbiome”, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Consultative and Diagnostic Center No. 2, Moscow Health Department, 107564 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Poluektova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia (E.P.); (M.Z.); (A.L.); (V.I.)
- The Interregional Public Organization “Scientific Community for the Promotion of the Clinical Study of the Human Microbiome”, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Zharkova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia (E.P.); (M.Z.); (A.L.); (V.I.)
| | - Anna Kudryavtseva
- Post-Genomic Research Laboratory, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia (G.K.); (M.F.)
| | - George Krasnov
- Post-Genomic Research Laboratory, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia (G.K.); (M.F.)
| | - Maria Fedorova
- Post-Genomic Research Laboratory, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia (G.K.); (M.F.)
| | - Elena Shirokova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia (E.P.); (M.Z.); (A.L.); (V.I.)
| | - Evgenii Kozlov
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Anna Levshina
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia (E.P.); (M.Z.); (A.L.); (V.I.)
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Vladimir Ivashkin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia (E.P.); (M.Z.); (A.L.); (V.I.)
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16
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Shalaby N, Samocha-Bonet D, Kaakoush NO, Danta M. The Role of the Gastrointestinal Microbiome in Liver Disease. Pathogens 2023; 12:1087. [PMID: 37764895 PMCID: PMC10536540 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12091087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver disease is a major global health problem leading to approximately two million deaths a year. This is the consequence of a number of aetiologies, including alcohol-related, metabolic-related, viral infection, cholestatic and immune disease, leading to fibrosis and, eventually, cirrhosis. No specific registered antifibrotic therapies exist to reverse liver injury, so current treatment aims at managing the underlying factors to mitigate the development of liver disease. There are bidirectional feedback loops between the liver and the rest of the gastrointestinal tract via the portal venous and biliary systems, which are mediated by microbial metabolites, specifically short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and secondary bile acids. The interaction between the liver and the gastrointestinal microbiome has the potential to provide a novel therapeutic modality to mitigate the progression of liver disease and its complications. This review will outline our understanding of hepatic fibrosis, liver disease, and its connection to the microbiome, which may identify potential therapeutic targets or strategies to mitigate liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Shalaby
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, St Vincent’s Healthcare Campus, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Dorit Samocha-Bonet
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, St Vincent’s Healthcare Campus, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- Clinical Insulin Resistance Group, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Nadeem O. Kaakoush
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia
| | - Mark Danta
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, St Vincent’s Healthcare Campus, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St Vincent’s Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
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17
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Maslennikov R, Alieva A, Poluektova E, Zharikov Y, Suslov A, Letyagina Y, Vasileva E, Levshina A, Kozlov E, Ivashkin V. Sarcopenia in cirrhosis: Prospects for therapy targeted to gut microbiota. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:4236-4251. [PMID: 37545638 PMCID: PMC10401661 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i27.4236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Decreased muscle mass and function, also known as sarcopenia, is common in patients with cirrhosis and is associated with a poor prognosis. Although the pathogenesis of this disorder has not been fully elucidated, a disordered gut-muscle axis probably plays an important role. Decreased barrier function of the gut and liver, gut dysbiosis, and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) can lead to increased blood levels of ammonia, lipopolysaccharides, pro-inflammatory mediators, and myostatin. These factors have complex negative effects on muscle mass and function. Drug interventions that target the gut microbiota (long-term use of rifaximin, lactulose, lactitol, or probiotics) positively affect most links of the compromised gut-muscle axis in patients with cirrhosis by decreasing the levels of hyperammonemia, bacterial translocation, and systemic inflammation and correcting gut dysbiosis and SIBO. However, although these drugs are promising, they have not yet been investigated in randomized controlled trials specifically for the treatment and prevention of sarcopenia in patients with cirrhosis. No data exist on the effects of fecal transplantation on most links of gut-muscle axis in cirrhosis; however, the results of animal experimental studies are promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Maslennikov
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
- The Scientific Community for Human Microbiome Research, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Aliya Alieva
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Elena Poluektova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
- The Scientific Community for Human Microbiome Research, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Yury Zharikov
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Andrey Suslov
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Yana Letyagina
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Vasileva
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Anna Levshina
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Sechenov University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Evgenii Kozlov
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Sechenov University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Vladimir Ivashkin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
- The Scientific Community for Human Microbiome Research, Moscow 119435, Russia
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18
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Cao X, Zolnikova O, Maslennikov R, Reshetova M, Poluektova E, Bogacheva A, Zharkova M, Ivashkin V. Differences in Fecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids between Alcoholic Fatty Liver-Induced Cirrhosis and Non-alcoholic (Metabolic-Associated) Fatty Liver-Induced Cirrhosis. Metabolites 2023; 13:859. [PMID: 37512565 PMCID: PMC10383050 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the metabolic activity of the gut microbiota in cirrhosis due to different variants of fatty liver disease (alcoholic vs. non-alcoholic [metabolic-associated] one [AFLD and MAFLD]). The present study included 24 patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis, 16 patients with MAFLD-related cirrhosis, and 20 healthy controls. The level and spectrum of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were determined via gas-liquid chromatography. All patients with cirrhosis showed a decrease in the total content of SCFAs (p < 0.001) and absolute content of acetate (p < 0.001), propionate (p < 0.001), butyrate (p < 0.001), and isovalerate (p < 0.001). In MAFLD cirrhosis, the metabolic activity of the microbiota was significantly altered compared to patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, as evidenced by a lower total SCFA content (p < 0.001) and absolute content of acetate (p < 0.001), propionate (p < 0.001), and butyrate (p < 0.001); a higher relative content of isovalerate (p < 0.001); and a higher IsoCn/Cn ratio (p < 0.001). Various clinical and laboratory parameters correlate differently with fecal SCFAs and their fractions in cirrhosis due to AFLD and MAFLD. SCFA-producing metabolic activity is reduced more in MAFLD cirrhosis than in alcoholic cirrhosis. According to the etiological factors of cirrhosis, disorders of this metabolic activity may be involved in different pathogenetic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlu Cao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oksana Zolnikova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman Maslennikov
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, 119435 Moscow, Russia
- The Interregional Public Organization "Scientific Community for the Promotion of the Clinical Study of the Human Microbiome", 119121 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Reshetova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Poluektova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, 119435 Moscow, Russia
- The Interregional Public Organization "Scientific Community for the Promotion of the Clinical Study of the Human Microbiome", 119121 Moscow, Russia
| | - Arina Bogacheva
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Zharkova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Ivashkin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, 119435 Moscow, Russia
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Wu Z, Zhou H, Liu D, Deng F. Alterations in the gut microbiota and the efficacy of adjuvant probiotic therapy in liver cirrhosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1218552. [PMID: 37483387 PMCID: PMC10361729 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1218552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Liver cirrhosis is the end stage of various chronic liver diseases (CLDs). The gut microbiota can impact the liver environment and trigger chronic liver inflammation through the gut-liver axis. Alteration of the gut microbiota has become an effective strategy in the biological treatment of cirrhosis. Methods Twenty-eight patients with liver cirrhosis and 16 healthy individuals were included, and fresh stool samples were collected. We analyzed changes in the gut microbiota between groups by 16S rRNA sequencing and evaluated the association between microbiota alterations and hepatic function. Additionally, 102 cirrhotic patients were retrospectively enrolled and divided into a probiotic group (n=44) and a nonprobiotic group (n=58) in addition to standard treatment for cirrhosis. Patients were monitored for hematological parameters and hepatic function during the six-month follow-up. Results The gut microbiota profile of patients with cirrhosis was greatly different from that of healthy individuals, presenting with significantly reduced α diversity and decreased abundance of representative SCFA-producing bacteria including Firmicutes, Coprococcus and Clostridium IV. The pathogenic bacteria Gammaproteobacteria, Veillonella, and Bacilli were greatly enriched in cirrhotic patients. Additionally, patients with decompensated cirrhosis (DCPC) had a significantly reduced abundance of Oscillibacter compared to compensated cirrhosis (CPC), which is also a SCFA-producing bacteria, and the lower Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio and enhanced MDR values were also shown in DCPC patients compared to CPC patients. In addition, the abundance of Firmicutes was negatively related to hepatic function in cirrhotic patients, including the levels of ALT, AST, and DBIL. From the retrospective study, we found that biochemical improvements in alanine transaminase (ALT) and total bilirubin (TBIL) were obtained in DCPC patients who received oral probiotic therapy compared with the nonprobiotic group. Conclusion Severe microbial dysbiosis existed in patients with liver cirrhosis, especially patients who reached the decompensatory stage. SCFA-producing bacteria were significantly reduced in cirrhosis. Altered gut microbiota cause changes in functional modules, which may contribute to cirrhosis progression and are associated with clinical prognosis. Adjuvant probiotic supplementation to enhance SCFA-producing bacteria can be a prospective therapy for patients with cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengrong Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hejun Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Deliang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Feihong Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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20
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Shahbazi A, Sepehrinezhad A, Vahdani E, Jamali R, Ghasempour M, Massoudian S, Sahab Negah S, Larsen FS. Gut Dysbiosis and Blood-Brain Barrier Alteration in Hepatic Encephalopathy: From Gut to Brain. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1272. [PMID: 37238943 PMCID: PMC10215854 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A common neuropsychiatric complication of advanced liver disease, hepatic encephalopathy (HE), impacts the quality of life and length of hospital stays. There is new evidence that gut microbiota plays a significant role in brain development and cerebral homeostasis. Microbiota metabolites are providing a new avenue of therapeutic options for several neurological-related disorders. For instance, the gut microbiota composition and blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity are altered in HE in a variety of clinical and experimental studies. Furthermore, probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation have been shown to positively affect BBB integrity in disease models that are potentially extendable to HE by targeting gut microbiota. However, the mechanisms that underlie microbiota dysbiosis and its effects on the BBB are still unclear in HE. To this end, the aim of this review was to summarize the clinical and experimental evidence of gut dysbiosis and BBB disruption in HE and a possible mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Shahbazi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran; (A.S.); (S.M.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran;
| | - Ali Sepehrinezhad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran; (A.S.); (S.M.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran;
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9919191778, Iran
| | - Edris Vahdani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 4815733971, Iran;
| | - Raika Jamali
- Research Development Center, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417653761, Iran
- Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417653761, Iran
| | - Monireh Ghasempour
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran;
| | - Shirin Massoudian
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran; (A.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Sajad Sahab Negah
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9919191778, Iran
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9919191778, Iran
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran 9815733169, Iran
| | - Fin Stolze Larsen
- Department of Intestinal Failure and Liver Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Inge Lehmanns Vej 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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21
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Pabst O, Hornef MW, Schaap FG, Cerovic V, Clavel T, Bruns T. Gut-liver axis: barriers and functional circuits. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023:10.1038/s41575-023-00771-6. [PMID: 37085614 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00771-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
The gut and the liver are characterized by mutual interactions between both organs, the microbiome, diet and other environmental factors. The sum of these interactions is conceptualized as the gut-liver axis. In this Review we discuss the gut-liver axis, concentrating on the barriers formed by the enterohepatic tissues to restrict gut-derived microorganisms, microbial stimuli and dietary constituents. In addition, we discuss the establishment of barriers in the gut and liver during development and their cooperative function in the adult host. We detail the interplay between microbial and dietary metabolites, the intestinal epithelium, vascular endothelium, the immune system and the various host soluble factors, and how this interplay establishes a homeostatic balance in the healthy gut and liver. Finally, we highlight how this balance is disrupted in diseases of the gut and liver, outline the existing therapeutics and describe the cutting-edge discoveries that could lead to the development of novel treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Pabst
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Mathias W Hornef
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Frank G Schaap
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Surgery, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Vuk Cerovic
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Clavel
- Functional Microbiome Research Group, Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tony Bruns
- Department of Internal Medicine III, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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22
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Efremova I, Maslennikov R, Alieva A, Poluektova E, Ivashkin V. Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth Is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Cirrhosis. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11041017. [PMID: 37110440 PMCID: PMC10143588 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11041017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is associated with numerous manifestations of cirrhosis. To determine whether the presence of SIBO affects the prognosis in cirrhosis was the aim of the study. METHODS This prospective cohort study included 50 patients. All participants underwent a lactulose hydrogen breath test for SIBO. The follow-up period was 4 years. RESULTS SIBO was detected in 26 (52.0%) patients: in 10 (52.6%) patients with compensated cirrhosis and in 16 (51.6%) ones with decompensated cirrhosis. Twelve (46.2%) patients with SIBO and four (16.7%) patients without SIBO died within 4 years (p = 0.009). Among patients with decompensated cirrhosis, 8 (50.0%) patients with SIBO and 3 (20.0%) patients without SIBO died (p = 0.027). Among patients with compensated cirrhosis, four (40.0%) patients with SIBO and one (11.1%) patient without SIBO died (p = 0.045). Among patients with SIBO, there was no difference in mortality between patients with compensated and decompensated cirrhosis (p = 0.209). It was the same for patients without SIBO (p = 0.215). SIBO affects the prognosis only in the first year of follow-up in decompensated cirrhosis, and only in subsequent years in compensated cirrhosis. Presence of SIBO (p = 0.028; HR = 4.2(1.2-14.9)) and serum albumin level (p = 0.027) were significant independent risk factors for death in cirrhosis. CONCLUSIONS SIBO is associated with poor prognosis in cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Efremova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, 119121 Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman Maslennikov
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, 119121 Moscow, Russia
- The Interregional Public Organization "Scientific Community for the Promotion of the Clinical Study of the Human Microbiome", 119121 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aliya Alieva
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, 119121 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Poluektova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, 119121 Moscow, Russia
- The Interregional Public Organization "Scientific Community for the Promotion of the Clinical Study of the Human Microbiome", 119121 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Ivashkin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, 119121 Moscow, Russia
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Singh TP, Kadyan S, Devi H, Park G, Nagpal R. Gut microbiome as a therapeutic target for liver diseases. Life Sci 2023; 322:121685. [PMID: 37044173 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The prominent role of gut in regulating the physiology of different organs in a human body is increasingly acknowledged, to which the bidirectional communication between gut and liver is no exception. Liver health is modulated via different key components of gut-liver axis. The gut-derived products mainly generated from dietary components, microbial metabolites, toxins, or other antigens are sensed and transported to the liver through portal vein to which liver responds by secreting bile acids and antibodies. Therefore, maintaining a healthy gut microbiome can promote homeostasis of this gut-liver axis by regulating the intestinal barrier function and reducing the antigenic molecules. Conversely, liver secretions also regulate the gut microbiome composition. Disturbed homeostasis allows luminal antigens to reach liver leading to impaired liver functioning and instigating liver disorders. The perturbations in gut microbiome, permeability, and bile acid pool have been associated with several liver disorders, although precise mechanisms remain largely unresolved. Herein, we discuss functional fingerprints of a healthy gut-liver axis while contemplating mechanistic understanding of pathophysiology of liver diseases and plausible role of gut dysbiosis in different diseased states of liver. Further, novel therapeutic approaches to prevent the severity of liver disorders are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejinder Pal Singh
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana 125004, India
| | - Saurabh Kadyan
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health and Human Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Harisha Devi
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana 125004, India
| | - Gwoncheol Park
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health and Human Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Ravinder Nagpal
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health and Human Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
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24
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Zhang H, Wu J, Liu Y, Zeng Y, Jiang Z, Yan H, Lin J, Zhou W, Ou Q, Ao L. Identification reproducible microbiota biomarkers for the diagnosis of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. AMB Express 2023; 13:35. [PMID: 36943499 PMCID: PMC10030758 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-023-01539-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumor with high incidence in China, which is mainly related to chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and liver cirrhosis (LC) caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. This study aimed to identify reproducible gut microbial biomarkers across Chinese population for LC and HCC diagnosis. In this study, a group of 21 CHB, 25 LC, 21 HCC and 15 healthy control (HC) were examined, and used as the training data. Four published faecal datasets from different regions of China were collected, totally including 121 CHB, 33 LC, 70 HCC and 96 HC. Beta diversity showed that the distribution of community structure in CHB, LC, HCC was significantly different from HC. Correspondingly, 14 and 10 reproducible differential genera across datasets were identified in LC and HCC, respectively, defined as LC-associated and HCC-associated genera. Two random forest (RF) models based on these reproducible genera distinguished LC or HCC from HC with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.824 and 0.902 in the training dataset, respectively, and achieved cross-region validations. Moreover, AUCs were greatly improved when clinical factors were added. A reconstructed random forest model on eight genera with significant changes between HCC and non-HCC can accurately distinguished HCC from LC. Conclusively, two RF models based on 14 reproducible LC-associated and 10 reproducible HCC-associated genera were constructed for LC and HCC diagnosis, which is of great significance to assist clinical early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huarong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, the School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Junling Wu
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Bioinformatics, School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Yijuan Liu
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Bioinformatics, School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Yongbin Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Zhiyu Jiang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Bioinformatics, School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Haidan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, the School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Bioinformatics, School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Bioinformatics, School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Weixin Zhou
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Bioinformatics, School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Qishui Ou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
| | - Lu Ao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, the School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Bioinformatics, School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
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25
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Koh JH, Lee EH, Cha KH, Pan CH, Kim D, Kim WU. Factors associated with the composition of the gut microbiome in patients with established rheumatoid arthritis and its value for predicting treatment responses. Arthritis Res Ther 2023; 25:32. [PMID: 36864473 PMCID: PMC9979421 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-023-03013-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to investigate the gut microbiota of patients with established rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who have been managed with disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) for a long time. We focused on factors that might affect composition of the gut microbiota. Furthermore, we investigated whether gut microbiota composition predicts future clinical responses to conventional synthetic DMARDs (csDMARDs) in patients with an insufficient response to initial therapy. METHODS We recruited 94 patients with RA and 30 healthy participants. Fecal gut microbiome was analyzed by 16S rRNA amplificon sequencing; the resulting raw reads were processed based on QIIME2. Calypso online software was used for data visualization and to compare microbial composition between groups. For RA patients with moderate-to-high disease activity, treatment was changed after stool collection, and responses were observed 6 months later. RESULTS The composition of the gut microbiota in patients with established RA was different from that of healthy participants. Young RA patients (< 45 years) had reduced richness, evenness, and distinct gut microbial compositions when compared with older RA patients and healthy individuals. Disease activity and rheumatoid factor levels were not associated with microbiome composition. Overall, biological DMARDs and csDMARDs, except sulfasalazine and TNF inhibitors, respectively, were not associated with the gut microbial composition in patients with established RA. However, the combination of Subdoligranulum and Fusicatenibacter genera was associated with a future good response to second-line csDMARDs in patients who showed an insufficient response to first-line csDMARDs. CONCLUSION Gut microbial composition in patients with established RA is different from that in healthy individuals. Thus, the gut microbiome has the potential to predict responses of some RA patients to csDMARDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hee Koh
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.,Center for Integrative Rheumatoid Transcriptomics and Dynamics, School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ha Lee
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Hyun Cha
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Ho Pan
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Wan-Uk Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea. .,Center for Integrative Rheumatoid Transcriptomics and Dynamics, School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Chen N, Liu Y, Wei S, Zong X, Zhou G, Lu Z, Wang F, Wang Y, Jin M. Dynamic changes of inulin utilization associated with longitudinal development of gut microbiota. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 229:952-963. [PMID: 36596372 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Inulin is a typical kind of fermentable polysaccharide and has emerged as a promising dietary supplement due to its multiple health-promoting effects. This study aimed to unveil the dynamic change pattern of inulin utilizability as a fermentation substrate during gut microbiota development and illuminate its potential association with gut microbiota in Chinese Jinhua native pig models via longitudinal analyses. Herein, fresh feces were collected at one week pre- and post-weaning as well as 3rd month post-weaning, respectively. Targeted metabolomics and in vitro simulated fermentation revealed increasing concentrations of fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and elevating utilizability of inulin as a fermentation substrate. Microbiomic analyses demonstrated the conspicuous longitudinal alteration in gut microbial composition and a significant rise in microbial community diversity during gut microbiota development. Furthermore, gut microbial functional analyses showed a remarkable increase in the relative abundances of carbohydrate metabolism pathways, including pentose phosphate pathway, galactose metabolism pathway, butanoate metabolism pathway as well as fructose and mannose metabolism pathway. Notably, relative abundances of bacterial genera Bifidobacterium, Roseburia, Faecalibacterium and Enterococcus displayed significantly positive correlations with the production of microbial fermentation-derived SCFAs. Collectively, these findings offer novel insights into understanding inulin utilizability variations from the perspective of gut microbiota development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yalin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Siyu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Xin Zong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Guilian Zhou
- Weifang Newhope Liuhe Feed Technology Co. Ltd, Weifang 261000, China
| | - Zeqing Lu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Fengqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Mingliang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
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27
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Koning M, Herrema H, Nieuwdorp M, Meijnikman AS. Targeting nonalcoholic fatty liver disease via gut microbiome-centered therapies. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2226922. [PMID: 37610978 PMCID: PMC10305510 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2226922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans possess abundant amounts of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and archaea, in their gut. Patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) exhibit alterations in their gut microbiome and an impaired gut barrier function. Preclinical studies emphasize the significance of the gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. In this overview, we explore how adjusting the gut microbiome could serve as an innovative therapeutic strategy for NAFLD. We provide a summary of current information on untargeted techniques such as probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation, as well as targeted microbiome-focused therapies including engineered bacteria, prebiotics, postbiotics, and phages for the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mijra Koning
- Departments of Internal and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences Diabetes, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hilde Herrema
- Departments of Internal and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Departments of Internal and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences Diabetes, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Abraham S. Meijnikman
- Departments of Internal and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences Diabetes, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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28
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Comorbidity of functional bowel disorders and obesity in terms of microbiome. ACTA BIOMEDICA SCIENTIFICA 2022. [DOI: 10.29413/abs.2022-7.5-2.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial ecosystem of the gut plays a fundamental role in the normal functioning of the metabolic and immune systems. Functional bowel disease and obesity are highly prevalent in the population and place a heavy burden on healthcare system. Both comorbidity and multimorbidity are considered to be common for obesity and intestinal functional disorders. Changes in the microbiota can be both the cause and consequence of each disease: intestinal functional disorder changes the composition of the microbiota, resulting in obesity, and vice versa. Intestinal functional disorders and obesity are characterized by a similar type of dysbiosis.The aim of the review is to analyze the research findings available to date in order to establish the relationship between the gut microbiome, functional bowel disease and obesity. The researches have shown that patients with intestinal functional disorders have a different gut microbiome than healthy individuals. For intestinal functional disorders, the general patterns of the intestinal microbiota composition were described, and the characteristic taxonomic groups of bacteria were identified. On the other side, it must be noted that there is no clear correlation between intestinal functional disorders and obesity in terms of the microbiota. This can be explained by the high heterogeneity of intestinal functional disorders, as well as by the lack of a unified approach to creating a study design, by different sizes of population samples and also by different diagnostic criteria. The necessity to determine the criteria in the development of the design of future studies is discussed.
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Wei S, Wang C, Zhang Q, Yang H, Deehan EC, Zong X, Wang Y, Jin M. Dynamics of microbial communities during inulin fermentation associated with the temporal response in SCFA production. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 298:120057. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Su W, Jiang Z, Wang C, Zhang Y, Gong T, Wang F, Jin M, Wang Y, Lu Z. Co-fermented defatted rice bran alters gut microbiota and improves growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune status and intestinal permeability of finishing pigs. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2022; 11:413-424. [PMID: 36382202 PMCID: PMC9640948 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Based on preparation of co-fermented defatted rice bran (DFRB) using Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus plantarum and phytase, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of co-fermented DFRB on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune status, gut microbiota and permeability in finishing pigs. Ninety finishing pigs (85.30 ± 0.97 kg) were randomly assigned to 3 treatments (3 replicates/treatment) with a basal diet (Ctrl), a basal diet supplemented with 10% unfermented DFRB (UFR), and a basal diet supplemented with 10% fermented DFRB (FR) for 30 d. Results revealed that the diet supplemented with FR notably (P < 0.05) improved the average daily gain (ADG), gain to feed ratio (G:F) and the digestibility of crude protein, amino acids and dietary fiber of finishing pigs compared with UFR. Additionally, FR supplementation significantly (P < 0.05) increased total antioxidant capacity, the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase, and decreased the content of malonaldehyde in serum. Furthermore, FR remarkably (P < 0.05) increased serum levels of IgG, anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-22 and IL-23) and reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and INF-γ). The decrease of serum diamine oxidase activity and serum D-lactate content in the FR group (P < 0.05) suggested an improvement in intestinal permeability. Supplementation of FR also elevated the content of acetate and butyrate in feces (P < 0.05). Moreover, FR enhanced gut microbial richness and the abundance of fiber-degrading bacteria such as Clostridium butyricum and Lactobacillus amylovorus. Correlation analyses indicated dietary fiber in FR was associated with improvements in immune status, intestinal permeability and the level of butyrate-producing microbe C. butyricum, which was also verified by the in vitro fermentation analysis. These findings provided an experimental and theoretical basis for the application of fermented DFRB in finishing pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifa Su
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- College of Animal Science, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Zipeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- College of Animal Science, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- College of Animal Science, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- College of Animal Science, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Tao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- College of Animal Science, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Fengqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- College of Animal Science, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Mingliang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- College of Animal Science, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- College of Animal Science, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Zeqing Lu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- College of Animal Science, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Corresponding author.
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Kircher B, Woltemate S, Gutzki F, Schlüter D, Geffers R, Bähre H, Vital M. Predicting butyrate- and propionate-forming bacteria of gut microbiota from sequencing data. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2149019. [PMID: 36416760 PMCID: PMC9704393 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2149019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacteria-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) butyrate and propionate play important (distinct) roles in health and disease, and understanding the ecology of respective bacteria on a community-wide level is a top priority in microbiome research. Applying sequence data (metagenomics and 16S rRNA gene) to predict SCFAs production in vitro and in vivo, a clear split between butyrate- and propionate-forming bacteria was detected with only very few taxa exhibiting pathways for the production of both SCFAs. After in vitro growth of fecal communities from distinct donors (n = 8) on different substrates (n = 7), abundances of bacteria exhibiting pathways correlated with respective SCFA concentrations, in particular in the case of butyrate. For propionate, correlations were weaker, indicating that its production is less imprinted into the core metabolism compared with butyrate-forming bacteria. Longitudinal measurements in vivo (n = 5 time-points from 20 subjects) also revealed a correlation between abundances of pathway-carrying bacteria and concentrations of the two SCFAs. Additionally, lower bacterial cell concentrations, together with higher stool moisture, promoted overall bacterial activity (measured by flow cytometry and coverage patterns of metagenome-assembled genomes) that led to elevated SCFA concentrations with over-proportional levels of butyrate. Predictions on pathway abundances based on 16S rRNA gene data using our in-house database worked well, yielding similar results as metagenomic-based analyses. Our study indicates that stimulating growth of butyrate- and propionate-producing bacteria directly leads to more production of those compounds, which is governed by two functionally distinct bacterial groups facilitating the development of precision intervention strategies targeting either metabolite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berenike Kircher
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sabrina Woltemate
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Frank Gutzki
- Research Core Unit Metabolomics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dirk Schlüter
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert Geffers
- Genomics Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Heike Bähre
- Genomics Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marius Vital
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany,CONTACT Marius Vital Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, OE5210, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625Hannover, Germany
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32
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Yi SW, Lee HG, So KM, Kim E, Jung YH, Kim M, Jeong JY, Kim KH, Oem JK, Hur TY, Oh SI. Effect of feeding raw potato starch on the composition dynamics of the piglet intestinal microbiome. Anim Biosci 2022; 35:1698-1710. [PMID: 36108705 PMCID: PMC9659463 DOI: 10.5713/ab.22.0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Raw potato starch (RPS) is resistant to digestion, escapes absorption, and is metabolized by intestinal microflora in the large intestine and acts as their energy source. In this study, we compared the effect of different concentrations of RPS on the intestinal bacterial community of weaned piglets. METHODS Male weaned piglets (25-days-old, 7.03±0.49 kg) were either fed a corn/soybean-based control diet (CON, n = 6) or two treatment diets supplemented with 5% RPS (RPS5, n = 4) or 10% RPS (RPS10, n = 4) for 20 days and their fecal samples were collected. The day 0 and 20 samples were analyzed using a 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology, followed by total genomic DNA extraction, library construction, and high-throughput sequencing. After statistical analysis, five phyla and 45 genera accounting for over 0.5% of the reads in any of the three groups were further analyzed. Furthermore, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the day 20 fecal samples were analyzed using gas chromatography. RESULTS Significant changes were not observed in the bacterial composition at the phylum level even after 20 d post feeding (dpf); however, the abundance of Intestinimonas and Barnesiella decreased in both RPS treatment groups compared to the CON group. Consumption of 5% RPS increased the abundance of Roseburia (p<0.05) and decreased the abundance of Clostridium (p<0.01) and Mediterraneibacter (p< 0.05). In contrast, consumption of 10% RPS increased the abundance of Olsenella (p<0.05) and decreased the abundance of Campylobacter (p<0.05), Kineothrix (p<0.05), Paraprevotella (p<0.05), and Vallitalea (p<0.05). Additionally, acetate (p<0.01), butyrate (p<0.05), valerate (p = 0.01), and total SCFAs (p = 0.01) were upregulated in the RPS5 treatment group. CONCLUSION Feeding 5% RPS altered bacterial community composition and promoted gut health in weaned piglets. Thus, resistant starch as a feed additive may prevent diarrhea in piglets during weaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Won Yi
- Division of Animal Diseases & Health, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365,
Korea
| | - Han Gyu Lee
- Division of Animal Diseases & Health, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365,
Korea,Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596,
Korea
| | - Kyoung-Min So
- Division of Animal Diseases & Health, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365,
Korea
| | - Eunju Kim
- Division of Animal Diseases & Health, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365,
Korea
| | - Young-Hun Jung
- Division of Animal Diseases & Health, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365,
Korea
| | - Minji Kim
- Animal Nutrition and Physiology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365,
Korea
| | - Jin Young Jeong
- Animal Nutrition and Physiology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365,
Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- Animal Welfare Research Team, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365,
Korea
| | - Jae-Ku Oem
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596,
Korea
| | - Tai-Young Hur
- Division of Animal Diseases & Health, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365,
Korea
| | - Sang-Ik Oh
- Division of Animal Diseases & Health, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365,
Korea,Corresponding Author: Sang-Ik Oh, Tel: +82-63-238-7228, Fax: +82-63-238-7235, E-mail:
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Li J, Zhang S, Gu X, Xie J, Zhu X, Wang Y, Shan T. Effects of alfalfa levels on carcass traits, meat quality, fatty acid composition, amino acid profile, and gut microflora composition of Heigai pigs. Front Nutr 2022; 9:975455. [PMID: 36245526 PMCID: PMC9566568 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.975455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed a dramatic increase in the demand for healthy and high-quality pork. Alfalfa, one of the most popular perennial forages, is considered a rich source of highly nutritional forage for livestock feed, as it contains over 90% insoluble dietary fiber. Nevertheless, there is a paucity of data confirming the effects of adding alfalfa on pork quality, amino acid composition, and intestinal microbiota composition. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different dietary levels of alfalfa on carcass traits, meat quality, amino acid and fatty acid composition, and the intestinal microbiota of Heigai pigs. A total of 72 finishing Heigai pigs were randomly assigned to two groups (n = 36), with six replicate groups and six pigs per replication. The two experimental diets were formulated to include graded levels of alfalfa, 20% (AM20) and 30% (AM30). The results showed that adding 30% alfalfa meal did not affect the growth performance of Heigai pigs but significantly reduced backfat thickness (P < 0.05), pH (P < 0.05), increased the a* value, b* value, and flavor amino acid and essential amino acid contents in longissimus dorsi muscle (LDM). In addition, AM30 didn't affect colonic microbiota abundance but significantly reduced the relative abundances of three phyla, such as Verrucomicrobia, and 43 genera, such as Akkermansia, and significantly increased the relative abundances of 47 genera, such as Prevotella-2. Overall, these results advocate for a diet containing 30% alfalfa to improve meat quality by changing the intestinal microflora composition without affecting the growth performance of Heigai pigs, which provides compelling evidence for the use of alfalfa to relieve the pressure on corn and soybean meal demand and produce high-quality pork.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang Univeristy, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang Univeristy, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Gu
- Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang Univeristy, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jintang Xie
- Shandong Chunteng Food Co. Ltd., Zaozhuang, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- Shandong Chunteng Food Co. Ltd., Zaozhuang, Shandong, China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang Univeristy, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tizhong Shan
- Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang Univeristy, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Tizhong Shan
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Pascale N, Gu F, Larsen N, Jespersen L, Respondek F. The Potential of Pectins to Modulate the Human Gut Microbiota Evaluated by In Vitro Fermentation: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173629. [PMID: 36079886 PMCID: PMC9460662 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Pectin is a dietary fiber, and its health effects have been described extensively. Although there are limited clinical studies, there is a growing body of evidence from in vitro studies investigating the effect of pectin on human gut microbiota. This comprehensive review summarizes the findings of gut microbiota modulation in vitro as assessed by 16S rRNA gene-based technologies and elucidates the potential structure-activity relationships. Generally, pectic substrates are slowly but completely fermented, with a greater production of acetate compared with other fibers. Their fermentation, either directly or by cross-feeding interactions, results in the increased abundances of gut bacterial communities such as the family of Ruminococcaceae, the Bacteroides and Lachnospira genera, and species such as Lachnospira eligens and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, where the specific stimulation of Lachnospira and L. eligens is unique to pectic substrates. Furthermore, the degree of methyl esterification, the homogalacturonan-to-rhamnogalacturonan ratio, and the molecular weight are the most influential structural factors on the gut microbiota. The latter particularly influences the growth of Bifidobacterium spp. The prebiotic potential of pectin targeting specific gut bacteria beneficial for human health and well-being still needs to be confirmed in humans, including the relationship between its structural features and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nélida Pascale
- CP Kelco, Cumberland Center II, 3100 Cumberland Boulevard, Suite 600, Atlanta, GA 30339, USA
| | - Fangjie Gu
- CP Kelco, Cumberland Center II, 3100 Cumberland Boulevard, Suite 600, Atlanta, GA 30339, USA
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Nadja Larsen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Lene Jespersen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Maslennikov R, Efremova I, Ivashkin V, Zharkova M, Poluektova E, Shirokova E, Ivashkin K. Effect of probiotics on hemodynamic changes and complications associated with cirrhosis: A pilot randomized controlled trial. World J Hepatol 2022; 14:1667-1677. [PMID: 36157871 PMCID: PMC9453455 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v14.i8.1667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial translocation exacerbates the hyperdynamic circulation observed in cirrhosis and contributes to a more severe disease course. Probiotics may reduce bacterial translocation and may therefore be useful to redress the circulatory imbalance.
AIM To investigate the effect of probiotics on hemodynamic parameters, systemic inflammation, and complications of cirrhosis in this randomized placebo-controlled trial.
METHODS This single-blind randomized placebo-controlled study included 40 patients with Child-Pugh class B and C cirrhosis; 24 patients received probiotics (Saccharomyces boulardii) for 3 mo, and 16 patients received a placebo over the same period. Liver function and the systemic hemodynamic status were evaluated pre- and post-intervention. Echocardiography and simultaneous blood pressure and heart rate monitoring were performed to evaluate systemic hemodynamic indicators. Cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance were calculated.
RESULTS Following a 3-mo course of probiotics in comparison to the control group, we observed amelioration of hyperdynamic circulation [a decrease in cardiac output (P = 0.026) and an increase in systemic vascular resistance (P = 0.026)] and systemic inflammation [a decrease in serum C-reactive protein levels (P = 0.044)], with improved liver function [an increase in serum albumin (P = 0.001) and a decrease in the value of Child-Pugh score (P = 0.001)] as well as a reduction in the severity of ascites (P = 0.022), hepatic encephalopathy (P = 0.048), and cholestasis [a decrease in serum alkaline phosphatase (P = 0.016) and serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (P = 0.039) activity] and an increase in platelet counts (P < 0.001) and serum sodium level (P = 0.048).
CONCLUSION Probiotic administration was associated with amelioration of hyperdynamic circulation and the associated complications of cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Maslennikov
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
- The Scientific Community for Human Microbiome Research, Moscow 119435, Russia
- Consultative and Diagnostic Center No. 2 of Moscow Health Department , Moscow 107764, Russia
| | - Irina Efremova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Vladimir Ivashkin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
- The Scientific Community for Human Microbiome Research, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Maria Zharkova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Elena Poluektova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
- The Scientific Community for Human Microbiome Research, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Elena Shirokova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Konstantin Ivashkin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
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Rodriguez-Diaz C, Taminiau B, García-García A, Cueto A, Robles-Díaz M, Ortega-Alonso A, Martín-Reyes F, Daube G, Sanabria-Cabrera J, Jimenez-Perez M, Isabel Lucena M, Andrade RJ, García-Fuentes E, García-Cortes M. Microbiota diversity in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and in drug-induced liver injury. Pharmacol Res 2022; 182:106348. [PMID: 35817360 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota could play a significant role in the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, its relevance in drug-induced liver injury (DILI) remains unexplored. Since the two hepatic disorders may share damage pathways, we analysed the metagenomic profile of the gut microbiota in NAFLD, with or without significant liver fibrosis, and in DILI, and we identified the main associated bacterial metabolic pathways. In the NAFLD group, we found a decrease in Alistipes, Barnesiella, Eisenbergiella, Flavonifractor, Fusicatenibacter, Gemminger, Intestinimonas, Oscillibacter, Parasutterella, Saccharoferementans and Subdoligranulum abundances compared with those in both the DILI and control groups. Additionally, we detected an increase in Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Sarcina and Turicibacter abundances in NAFLD, with significant liver fibrosis, compared with those in NAFLD with no/mild liver fibrosis. The DILI group exhibited a lower microbial bacterial richness than the control group, and lower abundances of Acetobacteroides, Blautia, Caloramator, Coprococcus, Flavobacterium, Lachnospira, Natronincola, Oscillospira, Pseudobutyrivibrio, Shuttleworthia, Themicanus and Turicibacter compared with those in the NAFLD and control groups. We found seven bacterial metabolic pathways that were impaired only in DILI, most of which were associated with metabolic biosynthesis. In the NAFLD group, most of the differences in the bacterial metabolic pathways found in relation to those in the DILI and control groups were related to fatty acid and lipid biosynthesis. In conclusion, we identified a distinct bacterial profile with specific bacterial metabolic pathways for each type of liver disorder studied. These differences can provide further insight into the physiopathology and development of NAFLD and DILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Rodriguez-Diaz
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Málaga, Spain; UGC de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Bernard Taminiau
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Department of Food Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Alberto García-García
- UGC de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Alejandro Cueto
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Málaga, Spain; Servicio de Farmacologia Clinica, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Mercedes Robles-Díaz
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Málaga, Spain; Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Aida Ortega-Alonso
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Málaga, Spain; UGC de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Flores Martín-Reyes
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Málaga, Spain; UGC de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Georges Daube
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Department of Food Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Judith Sanabria-Cabrera
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Málaga, Spain; Servicio de Farmacologia Clinica, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; UICEC IBIMA, Plataforma SCReN (Spanish Clinical Research Network), Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Miguel Jimenez-Perez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Málaga, Spain; UGC de Enfermedades Digestivas, Hospital Regional Universitario, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - M Isabel Lucena
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Málaga, Spain; Servicio de Farmacologia Clinica, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 29010 Málaga, Spain; UICEC IBIMA, Plataforma SCReN (Spanish Clinical Research Network), Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain.
| | - Raúl J Andrade
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Málaga, Spain; UGC de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Málaga, Spain; Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Eduardo García-Fuentes
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Málaga, Spain; UGC de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Málaga, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 29010 Málaga, Spain.
| | - Miren García-Cortes
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Málaga, Spain; UGC de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Málaga, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 29010 Málaga, Spain
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Pu J, Hang S, Liu M, Chen Z, Xiong J, Li Y, Wu H, Zhao X, Liu S, Gu Q, Li P. A Class IIb Bacteriocin Plantaricin NC8 Modulates Gut Microbiota of Different Enterotypes in vitro. Front Nutr 2022; 9:877948. [PMID: 35845772 PMCID: PMC9280423 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.877948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is engaged in multiple interactions affecting host health. Bacteriocins showed the ability of impeding the growth of intestinal pathogenic bacteria and modulating gut microbiota in animals. Few studies have also discovered their regulation on human intestinal flora using an in vitro simulated system. However, little is known about their effect on gut microbiota of different enterotypes of human. This work evaluated the modification of the gut microbiota of two enterotypes (ET B and ET P) by the class IIb bacteriocin plantaricin NC8 (PLNC8) by using an in vitro fermentation model of the intestine. Gas chromatography results revealed that PLNC8 had no influence on the gut microbiota’s production of short-chain fatty acids in the subjects’ samples. PLNC8 lowered the Shannon index of ET B’ gut microbiota and the Simpson index of ET P’ gut microbiota, according to 16S rDNA sequencing. In ET B, PLNC8 enhanced the abundance of Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Megamonas, Escherichia-Shigella, Parabacteroides, and Lactobacillus while decreasing the abundance of Streptococcus. Prevotella_9, Bifidobacterium, Escherichia-Shigella, Mitsuokella, and Collinsella were found more abundant in ET P. The current study adds to our understanding of the impact of PLNC8 on the human gut microbiota and lays the groundwork for future research into PLNC8’s effects on human intestinal disease.
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Maslennikov R, Ivashkin V, Alieva A, Poluektova E, Kudryavtseva A, Krasnov G, Zharkova M, Zharikov Y. Gut dysbiosis and body composition in cirrhosis. World J Hepatol 2022; 14:1210-1225. [PMID: 35978666 PMCID: PMC9258262 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v14.i6.1210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut dysbiosis and changes in body composition (i.e., a decrease in the proportion of muscle mass and an increase in extracellular fluid) are common in cirrhosis.
AIM To study the relationship between the gut microbiota and body composition in cirrhosis.
METHODS This observational study included 46 patients with cirrhosis. Stool microbiome was assessed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis was performed to assess body composition in these patients.
RESULTS An increase in fat mass and a decrease in body cell mass were noted in 23/46 (50.0%) and 15/46 (32.6%) patients, respectively. Changes in the gut microbiome were not independently associated with the fat mass percentage in cirrhosis. The abundance of Bacteroidaceae (P = 0.041) and Eggerthella (P = 0.001) increased, whereas that of Erysipelatoclostridiaceae (P = 0.006), Catenibacterium (P = 0.021), Coprococcus (P = 0.033), Desulfovibrio (P = 0.043), Intestinimonas (P = 0.028), and Senegalimassilia (P = 0.015) decreased in the gut microbiome of patients with body cell mass deficiency. The amount of extracellular fluid increased in 22/46 (47.6%) patients. Proteobacteria abundance (P < 0.001) increased, whereas Firmicutes (P = 0.023), Actinobacteria (P = 0.026), Bacilli (P = 0.008), Anaerovoraceceae (P = 0.027), Christensenellaceae (P = 0.038), Eggerthellaceae (P = 0.047), Erysipelatoclostridiaceae (P = 0.015), Erysipelotrichaceae (P = 0.003), Oscillospiraceae (P = 0.024), Rikenellaceae (P = 0.002), Collinsella (P = 0.030), Hungatella (P = 0.040), Peptococcaceae (P = 0.023), Slackia (P = 0.008), and Senegalimassilia (P = 0.024) abundance decreased in these patients. Patients with clinically significant ascites (n = 9) had a higher abundance of Proteobacteria (P = 0.031) and a lower abundance of Actinobacteria (P = 0.019) and Bacteroidetes (P = 0.046) than patients without clinically significant ascites (n = 37).
CONCLUSION Changes in the amount of body cell mass and extracellular fluid are associated with changes in the gut microbiome in cirrhosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Maslennikov
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
- Scientific Community for Human Microbiome Research, Moscow 119435, Russia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Сonsultative and Diagnostic Center No. 2, Moscow City Health Department, Moscow 107564, Russia
| | - Vladimir Ivashkin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
- Scientific Community for Human Microbiome Research, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Aliya Alieva
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Elena Poluektova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
- Scientific Community for Human Microbiome Research, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Anna Kudryavtseva
- Scientific Community for Human Microbiome Research, Moscow 119435, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Postgenomic Research, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - George Krasnov
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Postgenomic Research, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Zharkova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Yuri Zharikov
- Department of Anatomy, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
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Escherichia/ Shigella, SCFAs, and Metabolic Pathways-The Triad That Orchestrates Intestinal Dysbiosis in Patients with Decompensated Alcoholic Cirrhosis from Western Mexico. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10061231. [PMID: 35744749 PMCID: PMC9229093 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota undergoes profound alterations in alcohol cirrhosis. Microbiota-derived products, e.g., short chain fatty acids (SCFA), regulate the homeostasis of the gut-liver axis. The objective was to evaluate the composition and functions of the intestinal microbiota in patients with alcohol-decompensated cirrhosis. Fecal samples of 18 patients and 18 healthy controls (HC) were obtained. Microbial composition was characterized by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, SCFA quantification was performed by gas chromatography (GC), and metagenomic predictive profiles were analyzed by PICRUSt2. Gut microbiota in the cirrhosis group revealed a significant increase in the pathogenic/pathobionts genera Escherichia/Shigella and Prevotella, a decrease in beneficial bacteria, such as Blautia, Faecalibacterium, and a decreased α-diversity (p < 0.001) compared to HC. Fecal SCFA concentrations were significantly reduced in the cirrhosis group (p < 0.001). PICRUSt2 analysis indicated a decrease in acetyl-CoA fermentation to butyrate, as well as an increase in pathways related to antibiotics resistance, and aromatic amino acid biosynthesis. These metabolic pathways have been poorly described in the progression of alcohol-related decompensated cirrhosis. The gut microbiota of these patients possesses a pathogenic/inflammatory environment; therefore, future strategies to balance intestinal dysbiosis should be implemented. These findings are described for the first time in the population of western Mexico.
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Bajaj JS, Ng SC, Schnabl B. Promises of microbiome-based therapies. J Hepatol 2022; 76:1379-1391. [PMID: 35589257 PMCID: PMC9588437 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Humans harbour large quantities of microbes, including bacteria, fungi, viruses and archaea, in the gut. Patients with liver disease exhibit changes in the intestinal microbiota and gut barrier dysfunction. Preclinical models demonstrate the importance of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of various liver diseases. In this review, we discuss how manipulation of the gut microbiota can be used as a novel treatment approach for liver disease. We summarise current data on untargeted approaches, including probiotics and faecal microbiota transplantation, and precision microbiome-centered therapies, including engineered bacteria, postbiotics and phages, for the treatment of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmohan S Bajaj
- Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University and Central Virginia Veterans Healthcare System, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
| | - Siew C Ng
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.
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Deehan EC, Zhang Z, Riva A, Armet AM, Perez-Muñoz ME, Nguyen NK, Krysa JA, Seethaler B, Zhao YY, Cole J, Li F, Hausmann B, Spittler A, Nazare JA, Delzenne NM, Curtis JM, Wismer WV, Proctor SD, Bakal JA, Bischoff SC, Knights D, Field CJ, Berry D, Prado CM, Walter J. Elucidating the role of the gut microbiota in the physiological effects of dietary fiber. MICROBIOME 2022; 10:77. [PMID: 35562794 PMCID: PMC9107176 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01248-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary fiber is an integral part of a healthy diet, but questions remain about the mechanisms that underlie effects and the causal contributions of the gut microbiota. Here, we performed a 6-week exploratory trial in adults with excess weight (BMI: 25-35 kg/m2) to compare the effects of a high-dose (females: 25 g/day; males: 35 g/day) supplement of fermentable corn bran arabinoxylan (AX; n = 15) with that of microbiota-non-accessible microcrystalline cellulose (MCC; n = 16). Obesity-related surrogate endpoints and biomarkers of host-microbiome interactions implicated in the pathophysiology of obesity (trimethylamine N-oxide, gut hormones, cytokines, and measures of intestinal barrier integrity) were assessed. We then determined whether clinical outcomes could be predicted by fecal microbiota features or mechanistic biomarkers. RESULTS AX enhanced satiety after a meal and decreased homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), while MCC reduced tumor necrosis factor-α and fecal calprotectin. Machine learning models determined that effects on satiety could be predicted by fecal bacterial taxa that utilized AX, as identified by bioorthogonal non-canonical amino acid tagging. Reductions in HOMA-IR and calprotectin were associated with shifts in fecal bile acids, but correlations were negative, suggesting that the benefits of fiber may not be mediated by their effects on bile acid pools. Biomarkers of host-microbiome interactions often linked to bacterial metabolites derived from fiber fermentation (short-chain fatty acids) were not affected by AX supplementation when compared to non-accessible MCC. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the efficacy of purified dietary fibers when used as supplements and suggests that satietogenic effects of AX may be linked to bacterial taxa that ferment the fiber or utilize breakdown products. Other effects are likely microbiome independent. The findings provide a basis for fiber-type specific therapeutic applications and their personalization. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02322112 , registered on July 3, 2015. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward C. Deehan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada
| | - Zhengxiao Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian China
| | - Alessandra Riva
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anissa M. Armet
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada
| | - Maria Elisa Perez-Muñoz
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada
| | - Nguyen K. Nguyen
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada
| | - Jacqueline A. Krysa
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease Laboratory, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada
| | - Benjamin Seethaler
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhao
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada
| | - Janis Cole
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada
| | - Fuyong Li
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada
| | - Bela Hausmann
- Joint Microbiome Facility of the Medical University of Vienna and University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Spittler
- Core Facility Flow Cytometry and Department of Surgery, Research Lab, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julie-Anne Nazare
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-CRIN/FORCE Network, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Nathalie M. Delzenne
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jonathan M. Curtis
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada
| | - Wendy V. Wismer
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada
| | - Spencer D. Proctor
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease Laboratory, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada
| | - Jeffrey A. Bakal
- Patient Health Outcomes Research and Clinical Effectiveness Unit, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada
| | - Stephan C. Bischoff
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Dan Knights
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota USA
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota USA
| | - Catherine J. Field
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada
| | - David Berry
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Joint Microbiome Facility of the Medical University of Vienna and University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carla M. Prado
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada
| | - Jens Walter
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada
- APC Microbiome Ireland, School of Microbiology, and Department of Medicine, University College Cork – National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
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Ikubo Y, Sanada TJ, Hosomi K, Park J, Naito A, Shoji H, Misawa T, Suda R, Sekine A, Sugiura T, Shigeta A, Nanri H, Sakao S, Tanabe N, Mizuguchi K, Kunisawa J, Suzuki T, Tatsumi K. Altered gut microbiota and its association with inflammation in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: a single-center observational study in Japan. BMC Pulm Med 2022; 22:138. [PMID: 35395844 PMCID: PMC8994357 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-022-01932-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The pathogenesis of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is considered to be associated with chronic inflammation; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Recently, altered gut microbiota were found in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and in experimental PAH models. The aim of this study was to characterize the gut microbiota in patients with CTEPH and assess the relationship between gut dysbiosis and inflammation in CTEPH. Methods In this observational study, fecal samples were collected from 11 patients with CTEPH and 22 healthy participants. The abundance of gut microbiota in these fecal samples was assessed using 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene sequencing. Inflammatory cytokine and endotoxin levels were also assessed in patients with CTEPH and control participants. Results The levels of serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α were elevated in patients with CTEPH. Plasma endotoxin levels were significantly increased in patients with CTEPH (P < 0.001), and were positively correlated with TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and MIP-1α levels. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing and the principal coordinate analysis revealed the distinction in the gut microbiota between patients with CTEPH (P < 0.01) and control participants as well as the decreased bacterial alpha-diversity in patients with CTEPH. A random forest analysis for predicting the distinction in gut microbiota revealed an accuracy of 80.3%. Conclusion The composition of the gut microbiota in patients with CTEPH was distinct from that of healthy participants, which may be associated with the elevated inflammatory cytokines and endotoxins in CTEPH. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12890-022-01932-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Ikubo
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba City, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Takayuki Jujo Sanada
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba City, 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Koji Hosomi
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jonguk Park
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Artificial Intelligence Center for Health and Biomedical Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akira Naito
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba City, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shoji
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba City, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Tomoko Misawa
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba City, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Rika Suda
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba City, 260-8670, Japan.,Department of Respirology, Chibaken Saiseikai Narashino Hospital, Narashino, Japan
| | - Ayumi Sekine
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba City, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Sugiura
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba City, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Ayako Shigeta
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba City, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Hinako Nanri
- Section of Energy Metabolism, Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Sakao
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba City, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Tanabe
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba City, 260-8670, Japan.,Department of Respirology, Chibaken Saiseikai Narashino Hospital, Narashino, Japan
| | - Kenji Mizuguchi
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Artificial Intelligence Center for Health and Biomedical Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan.,Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Kunisawa
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuji Suzuki
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba City, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Koichiro Tatsumi
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba City, 260-8670, Japan
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Li K, Zeng Z, Liu J, Pei L, Wang Y, Li A, Kulyar MFEA, Shahzad M, Mehmood K, Li J, Qi D. Effects of Short-Chain Fatty Acid Modulation on Potentially Diarrhea-Causing Pathogens in Yaks Through Metagenomic Sequencing. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:805481. [PMID: 35402298 PMCID: PMC8983862 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.805481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) are principal nutrient substrates of intestinal epithelial cells that regulate the epithelial barrier in yaks. Until now, metagenomics sequencing has not been reported in diarrheal yaks. Scarce information is available regarding the levels of fecal SCFA and diarrhea in yaks. So, our study aims to identify the potential pathogens that cause the emerging diarrhea and explore the potential relationship of short-chain fatty acids in this issue. We estimated diarrhea rate in yaks after collecting an equal number of fecal samples from affected animals. Metagenomics sequencing and quantitative analysis of SCFA were performed, which revealed 15%–25% and 5%–10% prevalence of diarrhea in yak’s calves and adults, respectively. Violin box plot also showed a higher degree of dispersion in gene abundance distribution of diarrheal yaks, as compared to normal yaks. We found 366,163 significant differential abundance genes in diarrheal yaks, with 141,305 upregulated and 224,858 downregulated genes compared with normal yaks via DESeq analysis. Metagenomics binning analysis indicated the higher significance of bin 33 (Bacteroidales) (p < 0.05) in diarrheal animals, while bin 10 (p < 0.0001), bin 30 (Clostridiales) (p < 0.05), bin 51 (Lactobacillales) (p < 0.05), bin 8 (Lachnospiraceae) (p < 0.05), and bin 47 (Bacteria) (p < 0.05) were significantly higher in normal yaks. At different levels, a significant difference in phylum (n = 4), class (n = 8), oder (n = 8), family (n = 16), genus (n = 17), and species (n = 30) was noticed, respectively. Compared with healthy yaks, acetic acid (p < 0.01), propionic acid (p < 0.01), butyric acid (p < 0.01), isobutyric acid (p < 0.01), isovaleric acid (p < 0.05), and caproic acid (p < 0.01) were all observed significantly at a lower rate in diarrheal yaks. In conclusion, besides the increased Staphylococcus aureus, Babesia ovata, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Bacteroides fluxus, viruses, Klebsiella pneumonia, and inflammation-related bacteria, the decrease of SCFA caused by the imbalance of intestinal microbiota was potentially observed in diarrheal yaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Kun Li, ; Jiakui Li, ; Desheng Qi,
| | - Zhibo Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Juanjuan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lulu Pei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Aoyun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Muhammad Shahzad
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mehmood
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Jiakui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Kun Li, ; Jiakui Li, ; Desheng Qi,
| | - Desheng Qi
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Kun Li, ; Jiakui Li, ; Desheng Qi,
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Bloom PP, Luévano JM, Miller KJ, Chung RT. Deep stool microbiome analysis in cirrhosis reveals an association between short-chain fatty acids and hepatic encephalopathy. Ann Hepatol 2022; 25:100333. [PMID: 33621653 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2021.100333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a complication of cirrhosis linked to the microbiome. We aimed to characterize the fecal microbiome of patients with prior and future overt HE, and explore the relationship between fecal species, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and ammonia on HE pathogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Consecutive inpatients and outpatients with cirrhosis were recruited. A single stool sample was collected and underwent shallow shotgun sequencing, and SCFA and ammonia quantification. Patients were followed until the end of the study period. Prior and new overt HE was diagnosed by the treating hepatologist. RESULTS Forty-nine patients with cirrhosis, mean MELD-Na 20 (SD = 9) and 33 (67%) with a history of OHE provided a stool sample. Over a median 85 days of follow up (interquartile range 34-181 days), 16 developed an OHE episode. Eight fecal bacterial species were associated with a history of OHE, and no species predicted future OHE. Bacterial species positively associated with SCFA content were inversely related to cirrhosis disease severity. Patients with a history of OHE had lower concentrations of 6 fecal SCFAs. Fecal ammonia concentrations were similar between those with and without a history of OHE (273 μmol/g ± 214 vs. 327 ± 234, P = 0.43). CONCLUSIONS We found 8 fecal species and 6 SCFAs linked to OHE. Many of the species inversely linked to OHE also have an association with SCFA production. Further work is needed to detail this relationship and to develop targeted interventions to treat HE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jesús M Luévano
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, United States; Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, United States
| | | | - Raymond T Chung
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, United States; Liver Center, Gastroenterology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, United States.
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Maslennikov R, Ivashkin V, Efremova I, Poluektova E, Kudryavtseva A, Krasnov G. Gut dysbiosis and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth as independent forms of gut microbiota disorders in cirrhosis. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:1067-1077. [PMID: 35431497 PMCID: PMC8968519 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i10.1067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut dysbiosis and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) are commonly observed in patients with cirrhosis. Despite the substantial number of articles describing the relations between disorders of gut microbiota and various manifestations of cirrhosis, dysbiosis and SIBO were always studied separately.
AIM To study the relationship of gut dysbiosis and SIBO in cirrhosis.
METHODS This observational study included 47 in-patients with cirrhosis. Stool microbiome was assessed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. SIBO was assessed using the lactulose hydrogen breath test.
RESULTS SIBO was found in 24/47 (51.1%) patients. Patients with SIBO had a higher abundance of Firmicutes (P = 0.017) and Fusobacteria (P = 0.011), and a lower abundance of Bacteroidetes (P = 0.013) than patients without SIBO. This increase in the abundance of Firmicutes occurred mainly due to an increase in the abundance of bacteria from the genus Blautia (P = 0.020) of the Lachnospiraceae family (P = 0.047), while the abundance of other major families of this phylum [Ruminococcaceae (P = 0.856), Peptostreptococcaceae (P = 0.066), Clostridiaceae (P = 0.463), Eubacteriaceae (P = 0.463), Lactobacillaceae (P = 0.413), and Veillonellaceae (P = 0.632)] did not differ significantly between the patients with and without SIBO. Reduced level of Bacteroidetes in samples from patients with SIBO was a result of the decrease in bacterial numbers from all the major families of this phylum [Bacteroidaceae (P = 0.014), Porphyromonadaceae (P = 0.002), and Rikenellaceae (P = 0.047)], with the exception of Prevotellaceae (P = 0.941). There were no significant differences in the abundance of taxa that were the main biomarkers of cirrhosis-associated gut dysbiosis [Proteobacteria (P = 0.790), Bacilli (P = 0.573), Enterobacteriaceae (P = 0.632), Streptococcaceae (P = 0.170), Staphylococcaceae (P = 0.450), and Enterococcaceae (P = 0.873)] between patients with and without SIBO.
CONCLUSION Despite the differences observed in the gut microbiome between patients with and without SIBO, gut dysbiosis and SIBO are most likely independent disorders of gut microbiota in cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Maslennikov
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
- Scientific Community for Human Microbiome Research, Moscow 119435, Russia
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Сonsultative and Diagnostic Center 2 of the Moscow City Health Department, Moscow 107564, Russia
| | - Vladimir Ivashkin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
- Scientific Community for Human Microbiome Research, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Irina Efremova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Elena Poluektova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
- Scientific Community for Human Microbiome Research, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Anna Kudryavtseva
- Scientific Community for Human Microbiome Research, Moscow 119435, Russia
- Laboratory of Postgenomic Research, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - George Krasnov
- Laboratory of Postgenomic Research, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
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Patients with low muscle mass have characteristic microbiome with low potential for amino acid synthesis in chronic liver disease. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3674. [PMID: 35256716 PMCID: PMC8901651 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07810-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is thought to be related to the microbiome, but not enough reports in chronic liver disease (CLD) patients. In addition to the differences in microbiome, the role of the microbiome in the gut is also important to be clarified because it has recently been shown that the microbiome may produce branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) in the body. In this single-center study, sixty-nine CLD patients were divided by skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) into low (L-SMI: n = 25) and normal (N-SMI: n = 44). Microbiome was analyzed from stool samples based on V3-4 region of bacterial 16S rRNA). L-SMI had a lower Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio than N-SMI. At the genus level, Coprobacillus, Catenibacterium and Clostridium were also lower while the Bacteroides was higher. Predictive functional profiling of the L-SMI group showed that genes related to nitrogen metabolism were enriched, but those related to amino acid metabolism, including BCAA biosynthesis, were lower. The genes related to 'LPS biosynthesis' was also higher. The microbiome of CLD patients with low muscle mass is characterized not only by high relative abundance of gram-negative bacteria with LPS, but also by the possibility of low potential for amino acid synthesis including BCAAs.
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Chiang D, Dingle TC, Belga S, Kabbani D, Bhanji RA, Walter J, Abraldes JG, Cervera C. Association between Gut Colonization of Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci and Liver Transplant Outcomes. Transpl Infect Dis 2022; 24:e13821. [PMID: 35247208 DOI: 10.1111/tid.13821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) colonization is common in liver transplant recipients and has been associated with worse post-transplant outcomes. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study at the University of Alberta Hospital including patients who underwent a liver transplant between September 2014 and December 2017. RESULTS Of 343 patients, 68 (19.8%) had pre-transplant VRE colonization and 27 (27/275, 9.8%) acquired VRE post-transplant, 67% were males and the median age was 56.5 years. VRE colonized patients at baseline had higher MELD scores and required longer post-transplant hospitalization. VRE colonization was associated with increased risk of early acute kidney injury (AKI) (64% vs 52%, p = 0. 044), clinically significant bacterial/fungal infection (29% vs 17%, p = 0. 012) and invasive VRE infection (5% vs 1%, p = 0. 017). Mortality at 2-years was 13% in VRE-colonized versus 7% in non-colonized (p = 0.085). On multivariate analysis, VRE colonization increased the risk of post-transplant AKI (HR 1.504, 95% CI: 1.077-2.100, p = 0.017) and clinically significant bacterial or fungal infection at 6 months (HR 2.038, 95%CI: 1.222-3.399, p = 0.006), and was associated with non-significant trend towards increased risk of mortality at 2-years post-transplant (HR 1.974 95% CI 0.890-4.378; p = 0.094). CONCLUSIONS VRE colonization in liver transplant patients is associated with increased risk of early AKI, clinically significant infections, and a trend towards increased mortality at 2-years. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Chiang
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tanis C Dingle
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Precision Laboratories, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sara Belga
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Dima Kabbani
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rahima A Bhanji
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jens Walter
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Medicine and APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Juan G Abraldes
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carlos Cervera
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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48
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Yu D, Du J, Pu X, Zheng L, Chen S, Wang N, Li J, Chen S, Pan S, Shen B. The Gut Microbiome and Metabolites Are Altered and Interrelated in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:763507. [PMID: 35145919 PMCID: PMC8821809 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.763507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship among the gut microbiome, global fecal metabolites and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has not been systematically evaluated. In this study, we performed 16S rDNA sequencing and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based nontargeted metabolomic profiling on feces of 26 untreated RA patients and 26 healthy controls. Twenty-six genera and forty-one MS2-identified metabolites were significantly altered in the RA patients. Klebsiella, Escherichia, Eisenbergiella and Flavobacterium were more abundant in the RA patients, while Fusicatenibacter, Megamonas and Enterococcus were more abundant in the healthy controls. Function prediction analysis demonstrated that the biosynthesis pathways of amino acids, such as L-arginine and aromatic amino acids, were depleted in the RA group. In the metabolome results, fecal metabolites including glycerophospholipids (PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/16:1(9Z)), lysoPE 19:1, lysoPE 18:0, lysoPC(18:0/0:0)), sphingolipids (Cer(d18:0/16:0), Cer(d18:0/12:0), Cer(d18:0/14:0)), kynurenic acid, xanthurenic acid and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid were remarkably altered between the RA patients and healthy controls. Dysregulation of pathways, such as tryptophan metabolism, alpha-linolenic acid metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism, may contribute to the development of RA. Additionally, we revealed that the gut microbiome and metabolites were interrelated in the RA patients, while Escherichia was the core genus. By depicting the overall landscape of the intestinal microbiome and metabolome in RA patients, our study could provide possible novel research directions regarding RA pathogenesis and targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Die Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Juping Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Xia Pu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Liyuan Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Shuaishuai Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Shiyong Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Shaobiao Pan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shaobiao Pan, ; Bo Shen,
| | - Bo Shen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shaobiao Pan, ; Bo Shen,
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49
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Kai L, Zong X, Jiang Q, Lu Z, Wang F, Wang Y, Wang T, Jin M. Protective effects of polysaccharides from Atractylodes macrocephalae Koidz. against dextran sulfate sodium induced intestinal mucosal injury on mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 195:142-151. [PMID: 34896465 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the present research, the water-soluble polysaccharides (AMP) from Atractylodes macrocephalae Koidz. were isolated and prepared. The protective effects of AMP on intestinal mucosal barrier injury induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in mice were investigated. It was found that AMP treatment significantly alleviated the body weight decreases and shorten colon length, and ameliorated colonic damage induced by DSS. Importantly, AMP prevented the over-expression of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, and decreased the infiltration of neutrophils in colon. Additionally, AMP could raise expressions of Mucin 2 and tight junction protein Claudin-1. AMP also modulated the intestinal microbiota by enhancing the overall richness and diversity, greatly reducing the proportion of harmful bacteria, for instance, Clostridiumsensu stricto1 and Escherichia Shigella, however, augmenting the ratio of potential beneficial bacteria such as Faecalibaculum and Bifidobacterium. This work offers some important insights on protective effects of polysaccharides AMP against intestinal barrier dysfunction and provides underlying mechanism of health-beneficial properties of these biological macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Kai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Controlling, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Xin Zong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Controlling, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Qin Jiang
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Zeqing Lu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Controlling, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Fengqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Controlling, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Controlling, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Tenghao Wang
- Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Zhejiang Qinglian Food Co., Ltd., Jiaxing 314399, PR China.
| | - Mingliang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Controlling, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
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50
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Neoagarooligosaccharides modulate gut microbiota and alleviate body weight gain and metabolic syndrome in high-fat diet-induced obese rats. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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