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Ren H, Li Y, Ma X, Zhang C, Peng R, Ming L. Differential microRNA expression profile of Trichinella spiralis larvae after exposure to the host small intestinal milieu. Acta Trop 2022; 226:106174. [PMID: 34627754 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The process by which Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae are activated to infect the intestine after exposure to the host small intestinal milieu is crucial for the successful establishment of T. spiralis infection. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the invasion of intestinal epithelial cells by T. spiralis has not been elucidated. MicroRNAs are a class of small noncoding RNAs that participate in parasite growth and development, pathogenic processes, and host-parasite interactions. In the present study, the differential expression profile of miRNAs in T. spiralis after exposure to the mouse small intestinal milieu was analysed using Solexa high-throughput sequencing technology. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed to analyse the functions of miRNA target genes, and dual-luciferase reporter assays were subsequently applied to test the regulatory effects of one significantly decreased miRNA (let-7) on its four predicted target genes. In total, 2,000 known miRNAs (930 upregulated and 1070 downregulated) and 43 novel miRNAs (22 upregulated and 21 downregulated) were found to be differentially expressed in intestinal larvae, compared with muscle larvae. The KEGG pathway analysis showed that the predicted target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs were involved in 299 different pathways, and the top 10 pathways were metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, lysosome, focal adhesion, purine metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, tight junction, carbohydrate digestion and absorption, and pathways in cancer. As one of the most widely studied miRNA families, the expression of let-7 was significantly decreased in T. spiralis after exposure to host small intestinal milieu. A dual-luciferase reporter assay revealed that neuropeptide Y receptor type 6 and carboxypeptidase E were direct target genes of let-7, and were downregulated by binding with their 3' UTR. GO function analysis showed that carboxypeptidase E had multiple enzymatic activities, suggesting that it might participate in cell membrane damage and larval invasion. These data suggest that the differentially expressed miRNAs in T. spiralis might have a regulatory role in the invasion of host intestinal epithelial cells. This study provides a new insight into the molecular mechanisms of invasion by T. spiralis and the regulatory functions of miRNAs in host-Trichinella interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Ren
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Xiaohan Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Chunli Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, the People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Ruoyu Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Liang Ming
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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Gu W, Zhang L, Zhang X, Wang B, Shi X, Hu K, Ye Y, Liu G. MiR-15p-5p Mediates the Coordination of ICAM-1 and FAK to Promote Endothelial Cell Proliferation and Migration. Inflammation 2022; 45:1402-1417. [PMID: 35079920 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01630-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in endothelial cells is critical for neutrophil adhesion and transmigration across the endothelium. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK), which controls the turnover of focal adhesion to regulate cell adhesion and migration, plays a role in the resolution of inflammation. However, the coordinated involvement of ICAM-1 and FAK during endothelial inflammation has yet to be elucidated. This study reports that, as part of an inflammatory response, ICAM-1 controls FAK expression in endothelial cells via the microRNA miR-15b-5p. Induction of lung injury by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) resulted in higher levels of FAK expression in inflammatory tissues, while in ICAM-1 knockout mice, FAK expression was reduced in the lungs. FAK expression was also reduced in endothelial cells following ICAM-1 siRNA downregulation. Furthermore, ICAM-1 inhibited miR-15b-5p expression while increasing FAK mRNA and protein expression via binding of miR-15b-5p to the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of FAK. ICAM-1 inhibited miR-15b-5p promoter activity and hence reduced miR-15b-5p expression. FAK increased endothelial cell proliferation and migration, whereas miR-15b-5p inhibited cell proliferation and migration. These findings indicate that the inflammatory molecule ICAM-1 regulates FAK expression via miR-15b-5p levels, which in turn controls endothelial cell proliferation and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai StreetAnhui Province, Bengbu, 233030, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui Province, Bengbu, 233030, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai StreetAnhui Province, Bengbu, 233030, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui Province, Bengbu, 233030, China
| | - Xinhua Zhang
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Binyu Wang
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaoyu Shi
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui Province, Bengbu, 233030, China
| | - Kang Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai StreetAnhui Province, Bengbu, 233030, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui Province, Bengbu, 233030, China
| | - Yingying Ye
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai StreetAnhui Province, Bengbu, 233030, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui Province, Bengbu, 233030, China
| | - Guoquan Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai StreetAnhui Province, Bengbu, 233030, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui Province, Bengbu, 233030, China.
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Algain M. Yellow Nail Syndrome Successfully Treated with Oral Terbinafine and Topical Minoxidil. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2021; 14:249-252. [PMID: 33746514 PMCID: PMC7967026 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s301197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Yellow nail syndrome (YNS) is a rare disease of unknown etiology that is characterized by varying degrees of pulmonary manifestations, lymphedema, and yellow discoloration of the nails. Herein, we report the efficacy of oral terbinafine and topical minoxidil in treating the associated nail abnormalities of YNS in a 66-year-old woman. The patient presented with yellow, brittle, slow-growing nails, which had developed progressively over the past 8 months; left ankle edema; a chronic, purulent, productive cough; and exertional dyspnea. Based on these symptoms, she was diagnosed with YNS. She failed to respond to treatment with fluconazole and vitamin E; however, she was successfully treated with oral terbinafine and topical minoxidil. The treatment was well tolerated, and we speculate that its mode of action includes promoting lymphatic formation and barrier enhancement, thereby improving the distal lymphedema, in addition to distal vasodilation that accelerates the nail growth. To our knowledge, this is the first report of successful treatment of YNS using these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maysoon Algain
- Department of Dermatology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Claesson-Welsh L, Dejana E, McDonald DM. Permeability of the Endothelial Barrier: Identifying and Reconciling Controversies. Trends Mol Med 2020; 27:314-331. [PMID: 33309601 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Leakage from blood vessels into tissues is governed by mechanisms that control endothelial barrier function to maintain homeostasis. Dysregulated endothelial permeability contributes to many conditions and can influence disease morbidity and treatment. Diverse approaches used to study endothelial permeability have yielded a wealth of valuable insights. Yet, ongoing questions, technical challenges, and unresolved controversies relating to the mechanisms and relative contributions of barrier regulation, transendothelial sieving, and transport of fluid, solutes, and particulates complicate interpretations in the context of vascular physiology and pathophysiology. Here, we describe recent in vivo findings and other advances in understanding endothelial barrier function with the goal of identifying and reconciling controversies over cellular and molecular processes that regulate the vascular barrier in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Claesson-Welsh
- Uppsala University, Rudbeck, SciLifeLab and Beijer Laboratories, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Elisabetta Dejana
- Uppsala University, Rudbeck, SciLifeLab and Beijer Laboratories, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala, Sweden; IFOM-FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Donald M McDonald
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Zhong T, Li Y, He X, Liu Y, Dong Y, Ma H, Zheng Z, Zhang Y. Adaptation of endothelial cells to shear stress under atheroprone conditions by modulating internalization of vascular endothelial cadherin and vinculin. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1423. [PMID: 33313168 PMCID: PMC7723531 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-3426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Endothelial cells play a pivotal role in cardiovascular physiology and pathology by providing a barrier to the bloodstream. In the current study, we investigated the phenotype and barrier function of endothelial cells in response to shear stress under pro-atherogenic conditions. Methods Endothelial cells were exposed to laminar shear stress (LSS) in a parallel-plate flow chamber containing oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) in the perfusion solution, or remained static. We quantified the response of endothelial monolayers to LSS and oxLDL in terms of cell viability, barrier integrity, vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) availability, focal adhesion (FA) remodeling, and monocyte-endothelial interactions. Results Our results showed that oxLDL stimulation and static conditions synergized to enhance endothelial barrier disruption. Under the same oxLDL challenge, the application of 25 dynes/cm2 LSS on the endothelial monolayer decreased the passage of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran by 37.79%, increased transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) by 24.97% compared with static cells (P<0.05), which was accompanied by reduced intercellular gap formation, relatively solid cell-substrate adhesion. Compared with static cells, endothelial cells exposed to both laminar flow and oxLDL had less small FAs, less monocyte adhesion and transmigration, and alleviated overexpression of VCAM-1 and MCP-1. Meanwhile, the oxLDL-induced internalization of VE-cadherin and vinculin were also attenuated by laminar flow, and this change was more pronounced at LSS of 25 dynes/cm2 than 5 dynes/cm2. Conclusions Static conditions favor, whereas physiologically higher levels of LSS ameliorate endothelial barrier disruption under pro-atherogenic stress, which is related to the improved availability of VE-cadherin and vinculin on the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanling Li
- Department of Cardiology, NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Emergency, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong He
- Department of Cardiology, NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongdong Liu
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yugang Dong
- Department of Cardiology, NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Ma
- Department of Cardiology, NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhensheng Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Ma XH, Ren HJ, Peng RY, Li Y, Ming L. Comparative expression profiles of host circulating miRNAs in response to Trichinella spiralis infection. Vet Res 2020; 51:39. [PMID: 32156309 PMCID: PMC7065375 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-020-00758-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichinellosis is an important food-borne parasitic zoonosis throughout the world. At present, the mechanisms of Trichinella spiralis infection remain unclear. Acquiring detailed information on the host-Trichinella interaction would be beneficial for the development of new strategies for trichinellosis control. Circulating miRNAs are stably detectable in the blood of humans and animals infected with parasites. Circulating miRNAs might regulate the expression of target genes in pathological responses during infection and might be novel potential biomarkers of parasitic diseases. In the present study, a total of ten differentially expressed circulating mouse miRNAs with |log2(fold change)| ≥ 1.0 and FDR < 0.01 were found during T. spiralis infection, of which five were upregulated and five were downregulated. GO and KEGG analyses showed that the target genes of the ten miRNAs were enriched in many signalling pathways, especially focal adhesion, MAPK pathway, and so on. The results of qRT-PCR showed that among the five upregulated miRNAs, mmu-miR-467a-3p and mmu-miR-467d-3p expression in mouse serum reached a peak at 30 days post-infection (dpi). The expression of mmu-miR-376b-3p and mmu-miR-664-3p increased significantly at 18 dpi and then decreased at 30 dpi. The expression of mmu-miR-292a-5p gradually decreased from 12 to 30 dpi. Among the 5 downregulated miRNAs, mmu-miR-199a-5p expression was significantly downregulated at 30 dpi, while the expression levels of the other four miRNAs (mmu-miR-455-5p, mmu-miR-125b-5p, mmu-miR-125a-5p, and mmu-miR-615-3p) were significantly lower compared with the control, showing a steady downregulation at different phases of infection. These findings will help to further understand the host-Trichinella interaction and provide promising serum biomarkers for trichinellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Han Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.,Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Hui Jun Ren
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China. .,Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Ruo Yu Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.,Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.,Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Liang Ming
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China. .,Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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Integration of Gene Expression Profile Data of Human Epicardial Adipose Tissue from Coronary Artery Disease to Verification of Hub Genes and Pathways. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:8567306. [PMID: 31886261 PMCID: PMC6900948 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8567306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background This study aim to identify the core pathogenic genes and explore the potential molecular mechanisms of human coronary artery disease (CAD). Methodology Two gene profiles of epicardial adipose tissue from CAD patients including GSE 18612 and GSE 64554 were downloaded and integrated by R software packages. All the coexpression of deferentially expressed genes (DEGs) were picked out and analyzed by DAVID online bioinformatic tools. In addition, the DEGs were totally typed into protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks to get the interaction data among all coexpression genes. Pictures were drawn by cytoscape software with the PPI networks data. CytoHubba were used to predict the hub genes by degree analysis. Finally all the top 10 hub genes and prediction genes in Molecular complex detection were analyzed by Gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway analysis. qRT-PCR were used to identified all the 10 hub genes. Results The top 10 hub genes calculated by the degree method were AKT1, MYC, EGFR, ACTB, CDC42, IGF1, FGF2, CXCR4, MMP2 and LYN, which relevant with the focal adhesion pathway. Module analysis revealed that the focal adhesion was also acted an important role in CAD, which was consistence with cytoHubba. All the top 10 hub genes were verified by qRT-PCR which presented that AKT1, EGFR, CDC42, FGF2, and MMP2 were significantly decreased in epicardial adipose tissue of CAD samples (p < 0.05) and MYC, ACTB, IGF1, CXCR4, and LYN were significantly increased (p < 0.05). Conclusions These candidate genes could be used as potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets of CAD.
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Matthews JD, Owens JA, Naudin CR, Saeedi BJ, Alam A, Reedy AR, Hinrichs BH, Sumagin R, Neish AS, Jones RM. Neutrophil-Derived Reactive Oxygen Orchestrates Epithelial Cell Signaling Events during Intestinal Repair. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:2221-2232. [PMID: 31472109 PMCID: PMC6892184 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence has demonstrated that reactive oxygen (eg, hydrogen peroxide) can activate host cell signaling pathways that function in repair. We show that mice deficient in their capacity to generate reactive oxygen by the NADPH oxidase 2 holoenzyme, an enzyme complex highly expressed in neutrophils and macrophages, have disrupted capacity to orchestrate signaling events that function in mucosal repair. Similar observations were made for mice after neutrophil depletion, pinpointing this cell type as the source of the reactive oxygen driving oxidation-reduction protein signaling in the epithelium. To simulate epithelial exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen produced by neutrophils and gain new insight into this oxidation-reduction signaling, epithelial cells were treated with hydrogen peroxide, biochemical experiments were conducted, and a proteome-wide screen was performed using isotope-coded affinity tags to detect proteins oxidized after exposure. This analysis implicated signaling pathways regulating focal adhesions, cell junctions, and maintenance of the cytoskeleton. These pathways are also known to act via coordinated phosphorylation events within proteins that constitute the focal adhesion complex, including focal adhesion kinase and Crk-associated substrate. We identified the Rho family small GTP-binding protein Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 and p21 activated kinases 2 as operational in these signaling and localization pathways. These data support the hypothesis that reactive oxygen species from neutrophils can orchestrate epithelial cell-signaling events functioning in intestinal repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D Matthews
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Joshua A Owens
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Crystal R Naudin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Bejan J Saeedi
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ashfaqul Alam
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - April R Reedy
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Benjamin H Hinrichs
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ronen Sumagin
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago Illinois
| | - Andrew S Neish
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Rheinallt M Jones
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
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Kelly GT, Faraj R, Zhang Y, Maltepe E, Fineman JR, Black SM, Wang T. Pulmonary Endothelial Mechanical Sensing and Signaling, a Story of Focal Adhesions and Integrins in Ventilator Induced Lung Injury. Front Physiol 2019; 10:511. [PMID: 31105595 PMCID: PMC6498899 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with critical illness such as acute lung injury often undergo mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit. Though lifesaving in many instances, mechanical ventilation often results in ventilator induced lung injury (VILI), characterized by overdistension of lung tissue leading to release of edemagenic agents, which further damage the lung and contribute to the mortality and progression of pulmonary inflammation. The endothelium is particularly sensitive, as VILI associated mechanical stress results in endothelial cytoskeletal rearrangement, stress fiber formation, and integrity loss. At the heart of these changes are integrin tethered focal adhesions (FAs) which participate in mechanosensing, structure, and signaling. Here, we present the known roles of FA proteins including c-Src, talin, FAK, paxillin, vinculin, and integrins in the sensing and response to cyclic stretch and VILI associated stress. Attention is given to how stretch is propagated from the extracellular matrix through integrins to talin and other FA proteins, as well as signaling cascades that include FA proteins, leading to stress fiber formation and other cellular responses. This unifying picture of FAs aids our understanding in an effort to prevent and treat VILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel T Kelly
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine Phoenix, The University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Reem Faraj
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine Phoenix, The University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine Phoenix, The University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Emin Maltepe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jeffrey R Fineman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Stephen M Black
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine Phoenix, The University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, United States
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VanderBurgh JA, Hotchkiss H, Potharazu A, Taufalele PV, Reinhart-King CA. Substrate stiffness heterogeneities disrupt endothelial barrier integrity in a micropillar model of heterogeneous vascular stiffening. Integr Biol (Camb) 2018; 10:734-746. [PMID: 30382278 PMCID: PMC6301132 DOI: 10.1039/c8ib00124c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Intimal stiffening has been linked with increased vascular permeability and leukocyte transmigration, hallmarks of atherosclerosis. However, recent evidence indicates age-related intimal stiffening is not uniform but rather characterized by increased point-to-point heterogeneity in subendothelial matrix stiffness, the impact of which is much less understood. To investigate the impact of spatially heterogeneous matrix rigidity on endothelial monolayer integrity, we develop a micropillar model to introduce closely-spaced, step-changes in substrate rigidity and compare endothelial monolayer phenotype to rigidity-matched, uniformly stiff and compliant substrates. We found equivalent disruption of adherens junctions within monolayers on step-rigidity and uniformly stiff substrates relative to uniformly compliant substrates. Similarly, monolayers cultured on step-rigidity substrates exhibited equivalent percentages of leukocyte transmigration to monolayers on rigidity-matched, uniformly stiff substrates. Adherens junction tension and focal adhesion density, but not size, increased within monolayers on step-rigidity and uniformly stiff substrates compared to more compliant substrates suggesting that elevated tension is disrupting adherens junction integrity. Leukocyte transmigration frequency and time, focal adhesion size, and focal adhesion density did not differ between stiff and compliant sub-regions of step-rigidity substrates. Overall, our results suggest that endothelial monolayers exposed to mechanically heterogeneous substrates adopt the phenotype associated with the stiffer matrix, indicating that spatial heterogeneities in intimal stiffness observed with age could disrupt endothelial barrier integrity and contribute to atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A. VanderBurgh
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Halie Hotchkiss
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Archit Potharazu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Paul V. Taufalele
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Cynthia A. Reinhart-King
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
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Abstract
The pulmonary endothelial cell forms a critical semi-permeable barrier between the vascular and interstitial space. As part of the blood-gas barrier in the lung, the endothelium plays a key role in normal physiologic function and pathologic disease. Changes in endothelial cell shape, defined by its plasma membrane, determine barrier integrity. A number of key cytoskeletal regulatory and effector proteins including non-muscle myosin light chain kinase, cortactin, and Arp 2/3 mediate actin rearrangements to form cortical and membrane associated structures in response to barrier enhancing stimuli. These actin formations support and interact with junctional complexes and exert forces to protrude the lipid membrane to and close gaps between individual cells. The current knowledge of these cytoskeletal processes and regulatory proteins are the subject of this review. In addition, we explore novel advancements in cellular imaging that are poised to shed light on the complex nature of pulmonary endothelial permeability.
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Yang X, Xie J, Jia L, Liu N, Liang Y, Wu F, Liang B, Li Y, Wang J, Sheng C, Li H, Liu H, Ma Q, Yang C, Du X, Qiu S, Song H. Analysis of miRNAs Involved in Mouse Brain Damage upon Enterovirus 71 Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:133. [PMID: 28469998 PMCID: PMC5395563 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) infects the central nervous system (CNS) and causes brainstem encephalitis in children. MiRNAs have been found to play various functions in EV71 infection in human cell lines. To identify potential miRNAs involved in the inflammatory injury in CNS, our study, for the first time, performed a miRNA microarray assay in vivo using EV71 infected mice brains. Twenty differentially expressed miRNAs were identified (four up- and 16 down-regulated) and confirmed by qRT-PCR. The target genes of these miRNAs were analyzed using KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) analysis, revealing that the miRNAs were mainly involved in the regulation of inflammation and neural system function. MiR-150-5p, -3082-5p, -3473a, -468-3p, -669n, -721, -709, and -5107-5p that regulate MAPK and chemokine signaling were all down-regulated, which might result in increased cytokine production. In addition, miR-3473a could also regulate focal adhesion and leukocyte trans-endothelial migration, suggesting a role in virus-induced blood-brain barrier disruption. The miRNAs and pathways identified in this study could help to understand the intricate interactions between EV71 and the brain injury, offering new insight for the future research of the molecular mechanism of EV71 induced brainstem encephalitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Yang
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Leili Jia
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Yuan Liang
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Fuli Wu
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Beibei Liang
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Yongrui Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pharmacology and Molecular Biology, Medical College, Henan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyang, China
| | - Jinyan Wang
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Chunyu Sheng
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Hao Li
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Qiuxia Ma
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Chaojie Yang
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Xinying Du
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Shaofu Qiu
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Hongbin Song
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical SciencesBeijing, China
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13
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Valent ET, van Nieuw Amerongen GP, van Hinsbergh VWM, Hordijk PL. Traction force dynamics predict gap formation in activated endothelium. Exp Cell Res 2016; 347:161-170. [PMID: 27498166 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In many pathological conditions the endothelium becomes activated and dysfunctional, resulting in hyperpermeability and plasma leakage. No specific therapies are available yet to control endothelial barrier function, which is regulated by inter-endothelial junctions and the generation of acto-myosin-based contractile forces in the context of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. However, the spatiotemporal distribution and stimulus-induced reorganization of these integral forces remain largely unknown. Traction force microscopy of human endothelial monolayers was used to visualize contractile forces in resting cells and during thrombin-induced hyperpermeability. Simultaneously, information about endothelial monolayer integrity, adherens junctions and cytoskeletal proteins (F-actin) were captured. This revealed a heterogeneous distribution of traction forces, with nuclear areas showing lower and cell-cell junctions higher traction forces than the whole-monolayer average. Moreover, junctional forces were asymmetrically distributed among neighboring cells. Force vector orientation analysis showed a good correlation with the alignment of F-actin and revealed contractile forces in newly formed filopodia and lamellipodia-like protrusions within the monolayer. Finally, unstable areas, showing high force fluctuations within the monolayer were prone to form inter-endothelial gaps upon stimulation with thrombin. To conclude, contractile traction forces are heterogeneously distributed within endothelial monolayers and force instability, rather than force magnitude, predicts the stimulus-induced formation of intercellular gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik T Valent
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geerten P van Nieuw Amerongen
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Victor W M van Hinsbergh
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter L Hordijk
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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14
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Roy-Luzarraga M, Hodivala-Dilke K. Molecular Pathways: Endothelial Cell FAK-A Target for Cancer Treatment. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:3718-24. [PMID: 27262114 PMCID: PMC5386133 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinase, focal adhesion kinase (FAK, also known as PTK2), is a key mediator of signal transduction downstream of integrins and growth factor receptors in a variety of cells, including endothelial cells. FAK is upregulated in several advanced-stage solid tumors and has been described to promote tumor progression and metastasis through effects on both tumor cells and stromal cells. This observation has led to the development of several FAK inhibitors, some of which have entered clinical trials (GSK2256098, VS-4718, VS-6062, VS-6063, and BI853520). Resistance to chemotherapy is a serious limitation of cancer treatment and, until recently, most studies were restricted to tumor cells, excluding the possible roles performed by the tumor microenvironment. A recent report identified endothelial cell FAK (EC-FAK) as a major regulator of chemosensitivity. By dysregulating endothelial cell-derived paracrine (also known as angiocrine) signals, loss of FAK solely in the endothelial cell compartment is able to induce chemosensitization to DNA-damaging therapies in the malignant cell compartment and thereby reduce tumor growth. Herein, we summarize the roles of EC-FAK in cancer and development and review the status of FAK-targeting anticancer strategies. Clin Cancer Res; 22(15); 3718-24. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Roy-Luzarraga
- Adhesion and Angiogenesis Laboratory, Centre for Tumor Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kairbaan Hodivala-Dilke
- Adhesion and Angiogenesis Laboratory, Centre for Tumor Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.
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15
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Regulation of Endothelial Adherens Junctions by Tyrosine Phosphorylation. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:272858. [PMID: 26556953 PMCID: PMC4628659 DOI: 10.1155/2015/272858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells form a semipermeable, regulated barrier that limits the passage of fluid, small molecules, and leukocytes between the bloodstream and the surrounding tissues. The adherens junction, a major mechanism of intercellular adhesion, is comprised of transmembrane cadherins forming homotypic interactions between adjacent cells and associated cytoplasmic catenins linking the cadherins to the cytoskeleton. Inflammatory conditions promote the disassembly of the adherens junction and a loss of intercellular adhesion, creating openings or gaps in the endothelium through which small molecules diffuse and leukocytes transmigrate. Tyrosine kinase signaling has emerged as a central regulator of the inflammatory response, partly through direct phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of the adherens junction components. This review discusses the findings that support and those that argue against a direct effect of cadherin and catenin phosphorylation in the disassembly of the adherens junction. Recent findings indicate a complex interaction between kinases, phosphatases, and the adherens junction components that allow a fine regulation of the endothelial permeability to small molecules, leukocyte migration, and barrier resealing.
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16
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Chichger H, Braza J, Duong H, Harrington EO. SH2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 and focal adhesion kinase protein interactions regulate pulmonary endothelium barrier function. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2015; 52:695-707. [PMID: 25317600 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0489oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced protein tyrosine phosphorylation is associated with changes in vascular permeability through formation and dissolution of adherens junctions and regulation of stress fiber formation. Inhibition of the protein tyrosine phosphorylase SH2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2) increases tyrosine phosphorylation of vascular endothelial cadherin and β-catenin, resulting in disruption of the endothelial monolayer and edema formation in the pulmonary endothelium. Vascular permeability is a hallmark of acute lung injury (ALI); thus, enhanced SHP2 activity offers potential therapeutic value for the pulmonary vasculature in diseases such as ALI, but this has not been characterized. To assess whether SHP2 activity mediates protection against edema in the endothelium, we assessed the effect of molecular activation of SHP2 on lung endothelial barrier function in response to the edemagenic agents LPS and thrombin. Both LPS and thrombin reduced SHP2 activity, correlated with decreased focal adhesion kinase (FAK) phosphorylation (Y(397) and Y(925)) and diminished SHP2 protein-protein associations with FAK. Overexpression of constitutively active SHP2 (SHP2(D61A)) enhanced baseline endothelial monolayer resistance and completely blocked LPS- and thrombin-induced permeability in vitro and significantly blunted pulmonary edema formation induced by either endotoxin (LPS) or Pseudomonas aeruginosa exposure in vivo. Chemical inhibition of FAK decreased SHP2 protein-protein interactions with FAK concomitant with increased permeability; however, overexpression of SHP2(D61A) rescued the endothelium and maintained FAK activity and FAK-SHP2 protein interactions. Our data suggest that SHP2 activation offers the pulmonary endothelium protection against barrier permeability mediators downstream of the FAK signaling pathway. We postulate that further studies into the promotion of SHP2 activation in the pulmonary endothelium may offer a therapeutic approach for patients suffering from ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Havovi Chichger
- 1 Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island; and
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17
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Yao F, Kausalya JP, Sia YY, Teo ASM, Lee WH, Ong AGM, Zhang Z, Tan JHJ, Li G, Bertrand D, Liu X, Poh HM, Guan P, Zhu F, Pathiraja TN, Ariyaratne PN, Rao J, Woo XY, Cai S, Mulawadi FH, Poh WT, Veeravalli L, Chan CS, Lim SS, Leong ST, Neo SC, Choi PSD, Chew EGY, Nagarajan N, Jacques PÉ, So JBY, Ruan X, Yeoh KG, Tan P, Sung WK, Hunziker W, Ruan Y, Hillmer AM. Recurrent Fusion Genes in Gastric Cancer: CLDN18-ARHGAP26 Induces Loss of Epithelial Integrity. Cell Rep 2015; 12:272-85. [PMID: 26146084 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome rearrangements, a hallmark of cancer, can result in gene fusions with oncogenic properties. Using DNA paired-end-tag (DNA-PET) whole-genome sequencing, we analyzed 15 gastric cancers (GCs) from Southeast Asians. Rearrangements were enriched in open chromatin and shaped by chromatin structure. We identified seven rearrangement hot spots and 136 gene fusions. In three out of 100 GC cases, we found recurrent fusions between CLDN18, a tight junction gene, and ARHGAP26, a gene encoding a RHOA inhibitor. Epithelial cell lines expressing CLDN18-ARHGAP26 displayed a dramatic loss of epithelial phenotype and long protrusions indicative of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Fusion-positive cell lines showed impaired barrier properties, reduced cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix adhesion, retarded wound healing, and inhibition of RHOA. Gain of invasion was seen in cancer cell lines expressing the fusion. Thus, CLDN18-ARHGAP26 mediates epithelial disintegration, possibly leading to stomach H(+) leakage, and the fusion might contribute to invasiveness once a cell is transformed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yao
- Cancer Therapeutics and Stratified Oncology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore; The Singapore Gastric Cancer Consortium, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Jaya P Kausalya
- Epithelial Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Yee Yen Sia
- Cancer Therapeutics and Stratified Oncology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore; The Singapore Gastric Cancer Consortium, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Audrey S M Teo
- Cancer Therapeutics and Stratified Oncology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore; The Singapore Gastric Cancer Consortium, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Wah Heng Lee
- Computational and Systems Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Alicia G M Ong
- Epithelial Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Zhenshui Zhang
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Joanna H J Tan
- Cancer Therapeutics and Stratified Oncology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Guoliang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Center for Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Denis Bertrand
- Computational and Systems Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Xingliang Liu
- Cancer Therapeutics and Stratified Oncology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Huay Mei Poh
- Cancer Therapeutics and Stratified Oncology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Peiyong Guan
- Computational and Systems Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore; School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117417, Singapore
| | - Feng Zhu
- The Singapore Gastric Cancer Consortium, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Thushangi Nadeera Pathiraja
- Cancer Therapeutics and Stratified Oncology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore; The Singapore Gastric Cancer Consortium, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Pramila N Ariyaratne
- Computational and Systems Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Jaideepraj Rao
- Department of General Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore
| | - Xing Yi Woo
- Personal Genomic Solutions, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Shaojiang Cai
- Computational and Systems Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Fabianus H Mulawadi
- Computational and Systems Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Wan Ting Poh
- Personal Genomic Solutions, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Lavanya Veeravalli
- Research Computing, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Chee Seng Chan
- Research Computing, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Seong Soo Lim
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - See Ting Leong
- Genome Technology and Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Say Chuan Neo
- Genome Technology and Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Poh Sum D Choi
- Genome Technology and Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Elaine G Y Chew
- Cancer Therapeutics and Stratified Oncology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Niranjan Nagarajan
- Computational and Systems Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | | | - Jimmy B Y So
- The Singapore Gastric Cancer Consortium, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Xiaoan Ruan
- Personal Genomic Solutions, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore; Genome Technology and Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Khay Guan Yeoh
- The Singapore Gastric Cancer Consortium, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Patrick Tan
- Cancer Therapeutics and Stratified Oncology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore; The Singapore Gastric Cancer Consortium, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Wing-Kin Sung
- Computational and Systems Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore; School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117417, Singapore
| | - Walter Hunziker
- Epithelial Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore 138673, Singapore; Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore.
| | - Yijun Ruan
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA.
| | - Axel M Hillmer
- Cancer Therapeutics and Stratified Oncology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore; The Singapore Gastric Cancer Consortium, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
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18
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RacGAP1-driven focal adhesion formation promotes melanoma transendothelial migration through mediating adherens junction disassembly. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 459:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.11.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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19
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Sukriti S, Tauseef M, Yazbeck P, Mehta D. Mechanisms regulating endothelial permeability. Pulm Circ 2015; 4:535-51. [PMID: 25610592 DOI: 10.1086/677356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelial monolayer partitioning underlying tissue from blood components in the vessel wall maintains tissue fluid balance and host defense through dynamically opening intercellular junctions. Edemagenic agonists disrupt endothelial barrier function by signaling the opening of the intercellular junctions leading to the formation of protein-rich edema in the interstitial tissue, a hallmark of tissue inflammation that, if left untreated, causes fatal diseases, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome. In this review, we discuss how intercellular junctions are maintained under normal conditions and after stimulation of endothelium with edemagenic agonists. We have focused on reviewing the new concepts dealing with the alteration of adherens junctions after inflammatory stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukriti Sukriti
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mohammad Tauseef
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Pascal Yazbeck
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Dolly Mehta
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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20
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Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinase that is overexpressed and activated in several advanced-stage solid cancers. FAK promotes tumour progression and metastasis through effects on cancer cells, as well as stromal cells of the tumour microenvironment. The kinase-dependent and kinase-independent functions of FAK control cell movement, invasion, survival, gene expression and cancer stem cell self-renewal. Small molecule FAK inhibitors decrease tumour growth and metastasis in several preclinical models and have initial clinical activity in patients with limited adverse events. In this Review, we discuss FAK signalling effects on both tumour and stromal cell biology that provide rationale and support for future therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian J. Sulzmaier
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, UCSD Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Christine Jean
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, UCSD Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - David D. Schlaepfer
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, UCSD Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Address correspondence to: David D. Schlaepfer, Ph.D., University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, Department of Reproductive Medicine, 3855 Health Sciences Dr., MC0803, La Jolla, CA 92093,
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21
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García-Ponce A, Citalán-Madrid AF, Velázquez-Avila M, Vargas-Robles H, Schnoor M. The role of actin-binding proteins in the control of endothelial barrier integrity. Thromb Haemost 2014; 113:20-36. [PMID: 25183310 DOI: 10.1160/th14-04-0298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The endothelial barrier of the vasculature is of utmost importance for separating the blood stream from underlying tissues. This barrier is formed by tight and adherens junctions (TJ and AJ) that form intercellular endothelial contacts. TJ and AJ are integral membrane structures that are connected to the actin cytoskeleton via various adaptor molecules. Consequently, the actin cytoskeleton plays a crucial role in regulating the stability of endothelial cell contacts and vascular permeability. While a circumferential cortical actin ring stabilises junctions, the formation of contractile stress fibres, e. g. under inflammatory conditions, can contribute to junction destabilisation. However, the role of actin-binding proteins (ABP) in the control of vascular permeability has long been underestimated. Naturally, ABP regulate permeability via regulation of actin remodelling but some actin-binding molecules can also act independently of actin and control vascular permeability via various signalling mechanisms such as activation of small GTPases. Several studies have recently been published highlighting the importance of actin-binding molecules such as cortactin, ezrin/radixin/moesin, Arp2/3, VASP or WASP for the control of vascular permeability by various mechanisms. These proteins have been described to regulate vascular permeability under various pathophysiological conditions and are thus of clinical relevance as targets for the development of treatment strategies for disorders that are characterised by vascular hyperpermeability such as sepsis. This review highlights recent advances in determining the role of ABP in the control of endothelial cell contacts and vascular permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Michael Schnoor
- Dr. Michael Schnoor, CINVESTAV del IPN, Department for Molecular Biomedicine, Av. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, GAM, 07360 Mexico City, Mexico, Tel.: +52 55 5747 3321, Fax: +52 55 5747 3938, E-mail:
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