1
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Chen D, Liu Y, Chen Y, Li B, Chen T, Tian S. Functions of membrane proteins in regulating fruit ripening and stress responses of horticultural crops. MOLECULAR HORTICULTURE 2024; 4:35. [PMID: 39313804 PMCID: PMC11421178 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-024-00111-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Fruit ripening is accompanied by the development of fruit quality traits; however, this process also increases the fruit's susceptibility to various environmental stresses, including pathogen attacks and other stress factors. Therefore, modulating the fruit ripening process and defense responses is crucial for maintaining fruit quality and extending shelf life. Membrane proteins play intricate roles in mediating signal transduction, ion transport, and many other important biological processes, thus attracting extensive research interest. This review mainly focuses on the functions of membrane proteins in regulating fruit ripening and defense responses against biotic and abiotic factors, addresses their potential as targets for improving fruit quality and resistance to environmental challenges, and further highlights some open questions to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoguo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, Haidian District, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuhan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, Haidian District, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, Haidian District, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Boqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, Haidian District, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Tong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, Haidian District, Beijing, 100093, China.
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China.
| | - Shiping Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, Haidian District, Beijing, 100093, China.
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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2
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Cheung AY. FERONIA: A Receptor Kinase at the Core of a Global Signaling Network. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 75:345-375. [PMID: 38424067 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-102820-103424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Initially identified as a key regulator of female fertility in Arabidopsis, the FERONIA (FER) receptor kinase is now recognized as crucial for almost all aspects of plant growth and survival. FER partners with a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein of the LLG family to act as coreceptors on the cell surface. The FER-LLG coreceptor interacts with different RAPID ALKALINIZATION FACTOR (RALF) peptide ligands to function in various growth and developmental processes and to respond to challenges from the environment. The RALF-FER-LLG signaling modules interact with molecules in the cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus and mediate an interwoven signaling network. Multiple FER-LLG modules, each anchored by FER or a FER-related receptor kinase, have been studied, illustrating the functional diversity and the mechanistic complexity of the FER family signaling modules. The challenges going forward are to distill from this complexity the unifying schemes where possible and attain precision and refinement in the knowledge of critical details upon which future investigations can be built. By focusing on the extensively characterized FER, this review provides foundational information to guide the next phase of research on FER in model as well as crop species and potential applications for improving plant growth and resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Y Cheung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Biology Program, Plant Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA;
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3
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Wang Y, Liu X, Yuan B, Chen X, Zhao H, Ali Q, Zheng M, Tan Z, Yao H, Zheng S, Wu J, Xu J, Shi J, Wu H, Gao X, Gu Q. Fusarium graminearum rapid alkalinization factor peptide negatively regulates plant immunity and cell growth via the FERONIA receptor kinase. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:1800-1811. [PMID: 38344883 PMCID: PMC11182587 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024]
Abstract
The plant rapid alkalinization factor (RALF) peptides function as key regulators in cell growth and immune responses through the receptor kinase FERONIA (FER). In this study, we report that the transcription factor FgPacC binds directly to the promoter of FgRALF gene, which encodes a functional homologue of the plant RALF peptides from the wheat head blight fungus Fusarium graminearum (FgRALF). More importantly, FgPacC promotes fungal infection via host immune suppression by activating the expression of FgRALF. The FgRALF peptide also exhibited typical activities of plant RALF functions, such as inducing plant alkalinization and inhibiting cell growth, including wheat (Triticum aestivum), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and Arabidopsis thaliana. We further identified the wheat receptor kinase FERONIA (TaFER), which is capable of restoring the defects of the A. thaliana FER mutant. In addition, we found that FgRALF peptide binds to the extracellular malectin-like domain (ECD) of TaFER (TaFERECD) to suppress the PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) and cell growth. Overexpression of TaFERECD in A. thaliana confers plant resistance to F. graminearum and protects from FgRALF-induced cell growth inhibition. Collectively, our results demonstrate that the fungal pathogen-secreted RALF mimic suppresses host immunity and inhibits cell growth via plant FER receptor. This establishes a novel pathway for the development of disease-resistant crops in the future without compromising their yield potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of EducationNanjingChina
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of EducationNanjingChina
- Institute of Food Safety and NutritionJiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjingChina
| | - Bingqin Yuan
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of EducationNanjingChina
| | - Xue Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of EducationNanjingChina
| | - Hanxi Zhao
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of EducationNanjingChina
| | - Qurban Ali
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of EducationNanjingChina
| | - Minghong Zheng
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of EducationNanjingChina
| | - Zheng Tan
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of EducationNanjingChina
| | - Hemin Yao
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of EducationNanjingChina
| | - Shuqing Zheng
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of EducationNanjingChina
| | - Jingni Wu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of EducationNanjingChina
| | - Jianhong Xu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of EducationNanjingChina
- Institute of Food Safety and NutritionJiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjingChina
| | - Jianrong Shi
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of EducationNanjingChina
- Institute of Food Safety and NutritionJiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjingChina
| | - Huijun Wu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of EducationNanjingChina
| | - Xuewen Gao
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of EducationNanjingChina
| | - Qin Gu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of EducationNanjingChina
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4
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Liu L, Liu X, Bai Z, Tanveer M, Zhang Y, Chen W, Shabala S, Huang L. Small but powerful: RALF peptides in plant adaptive and developmental responses. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 343:112085. [PMID: 38588983 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Plants live in a highly dynamic environment and require to rapidly respond to a plethora of environmental stimuli, so that to maintain their optimal growth and development. A small plant peptide, rapid alkalization factor (RALF), can rapidly increase the pH value of the extracellular matrix in plant cells. RALFs always function with its corresponding receptors. Mechanistically, effective amount of RALF is induced and released at the critical period of plant growth and development or under different external environmental factors. Recent studies also highlighted the role of RALF peptides as important regulators in plant intercellular communications, as well as their operation in signal perception and as ligands for different receptor kinases on the surface of the plasma membrane, to integrate various environmental cues. In this context, understanding the fine-print of above processes may be essential to solve the problems of crop adaptation to various harsh environments under current climate trends scenarios, by genetic means. This paper summarizes the current knowledge about the structure and diversity of RALF peptides and their roles in plant development and response to stresses, highlighting unanswered questions and problems to be solved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lining Liu
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Xing Liu
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Zhenkun Bai
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Mohsin Tanveer
- Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Yujing Zhang
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Wenjie Chen
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Sergey Shabala
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, China; School of Biological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, Australia.
| | - Liping Huang
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, China.
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5
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Jiang Y, Yue Y, Wang Z, Lu C, Yin Z, Li Y, Ding X. Plant Biostimulant as an Environmentally Friendly Alternative to Modern Agriculture. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:5107-5121. [PMID: 38428019 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Ensuring the safety of crop production presents a significant challenge to humanity. Pesticides and fertilizers are commonly used to eliminate external interference and provide nutrients, enabling crops to sustain growth and defense. However, the addition of chemical substances does not meet the environmental standards required for agricultural production. Recently, natural sources such as biostimulants have been found to help plants with growth and defense. The development of biostimulants provides new solutions for agricultural product safety and has become a widely utilized tool in agricultural. The review summarizes the classification of biostimulants, including humic-based biostimulant, protein-based biostimulant, oligosaccharide-based biostimulant, metabolites-based biostimulants, inorganic substance, and microbial inoculant. This review attempts to summarize suitable alternative technology that can address the problems and analyze the current state of biostimulants, summarizes the research mechanisms, and anticipates future technological developments and market trends, which provides comprehensive information for researchers to develop biostimulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanke Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Yingzhe Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Zhaoxu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Chongchong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Ziyi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xinhua Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai an, Shandong 271018, China
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6
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Cruz A, Sánchez-Hernández E, Teixeira A, Oliveira R, Cunha A, Martín-Ramos P. Phytoconstituents and Ergosterol Biosynthesis-Targeting Antimicrobial Activity of Nutmeg ( Myristica fragans Houtt.) against Phytopathogens. Molecules 2024; 29:471. [PMID: 38257384 PMCID: PMC10819938 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, nutmeg (Myristica fragans Houtt.) has attracted considerable attention in the field of phytochemistry due to its diverse array of bioactive compounds. However, the potential application of nutmeg as a biorational for crop protection has been insufficiently explored. This study investigated the constituents of a nutmeg hydroethanolic extract via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and vibrational spectroscopy. The research explored the extract's activity against phytopathogenic fungi and oomycetes, elucidating its mechanism of action. The phytochemical profile revealed fatty acids (including tetradecanoic acid, 9-octadecenoic acid, n-hexadecanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, and octadecanoic acid), methoxyeugenol, and elemicin as the main constituents. Previously unreported phytochemicals included veratone, gelsevirine, and montanine. Significant radial growth inhibition of mycelia was observed against Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum acutatum, Diplodia corticola, Phytophthora cinnamomi, and especially against Fusarium culmorum. Mode of action investigation, involving Saccharomyces cerevisiae labeled positively with propidium iodide, and a mutant strain affected in ERG6, encoding sterol C-24 methyltransferase, suggested that the extract induces a necrotic type of death and targets ergosterol biosynthesis. The evidence presented underscores the potential of nutmeg as a source of new antimicrobial agents, showing particular promise against F. culmorum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Cruz
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.C.); (A.T.); (R.O.); (A.C.)
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Eva Sánchez-Hernández
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, ETSIIAA, University of Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain;
| | - Ana Teixeira
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.C.); (A.T.); (R.O.); (A.C.)
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Rui Oliveira
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.C.); (A.T.); (R.O.); (A.C.)
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Cunha
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.C.); (A.T.); (R.O.); (A.C.)
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Pablo Martín-Ramos
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, ETSIIAA, University of Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain;
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Derbyshire MC, Raffaele S. Till death do us pair: Co-evolution of plant-necrotroph interactions. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 76:102457. [PMID: 37852141 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Plants use programmed cell death as a potent defense response against biotrophic pathogens that require living host cells to thrive. However, cell death can promote infection by necrotrophic pathogens. This discrepancy creates specific co-evolutionary dynamics in the interaction between plants and necrotrophs. Necrotrophic pathogens produce diverse cell death-inducing effectors that act redundantly on several plant targets and sometimes suppress plant immune responses as an additional function. Plants use surface receptors that recognize necrotrophic effectors to increase quantitative disease resistance, some of which evolved independently in several plant lineages. Co-evolution has shaped molecular mechanisms involved in plant-necrotroph interactions into robust systems, relying on degenerate and multifunctional modules, general-purpose components, and compartmentalized functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Derbyshire
- Centre for Crop and Disease Management, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sylvain Raffaele
- Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Micro-organismes Environnement (LIPME), 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
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8
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He YH, Chen SY, Chen XY, Xu YP, Liang Y, Cai XZ. RALF22 promotes plant immunity and amplifies the Pep3 immune signal. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:2519-2534. [PMID: 37698076 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Rapid alkalinization factors (RALFs) in plants have been reported to dampen pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity via suppressing PAMP-induced complex formation between the pattern recognition receptor (PRR) and its co-receptor BAK1. However, the direct and positive role of RALFs in plant immunity remains largely unknown. Herein, we report the direct and positive roles of a typical RALF, RALF22, in plant immunity. RALF22 alone directly elicited a variety of typical immune responses and triggered resistance against the devastating necrotrophic fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in a FERONIA (FER)-dependent manner. LORELEI (LRE)-like glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein 1 (LLG1) and NADPH oxidase RBOHD were required for RALF22-elicited reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The mutation of cysteines conserved in the C terminus of RALFs abolished, while the constitutive formation of two disulfide bridges between these cysteines promoted the RALF22-elicited ROS production and resistance against S. sclerotiorum, demonstrating the requirement of these cysteines in the functions of RALF22 in plant immunity. Furthermore, RALF22 amplified the Pep3-induced immune signal by dramatically increasing the abundance of PROPEP3 transcript and protein. Supply with RALF22 induced resistance against S. sclerotiorum in Brassica crop plants. Collectively, our results reveal that RALF22 triggers immune responses and augments the Pep3-induced immune signal in a FER-dependent manner, and exhibits the potential to be exploited as an immune elicitor in crop protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Han He
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Song-Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xing-Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - You-Ping Xu
- Centre of Analysis and Measurement, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xin-Zhong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572025, China
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9
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Kim H, Lee Y, Hwang YJ, Lee MH, Balaraju K, Jeon Y. Identification and characterization of Brevibacillus halotolerans B-4359: a potential antagonistic bacterium against red pepper anthracnose in Korea. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1200023. [PMID: 37405162 PMCID: PMC10315534 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1200023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Our study aimed to identify potential biocontrol agents (BCAs) against major phytopathogens under in vitro conditions by screening the Freshwater Bioresources Culture Collection (FBCC), Korea. Of the identified 856 strains, only 65 exhibited antagonistic activity, among which only one representative isolation, Brevibacillus halotolerans B-4359 was selected based on its in vitro antagonistic activity and enzyme production. Cell-free culture filtrate (CF) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of B-4359 were shown to be effective against the mycelial growth of Colletotrichum acutatum. Notably, B-4359 was found to promote spore germination in C. acutatum instead of exhibiting a suppressive effect when the bacterial suspension was mixed with the spore suspension of C. acutatum. However, B-4359 showed an excellent biological control effect on the anthracnose of red pepper fruits. Compared to other treatments and untreated control, B-4359 played a more effective role in controlling anthracnose disease under field conditions. The strain was identified as B. halotolerans using BIOLOG and 16S rDNA sequencing analyses. The genetic mechanism underlying the biocontrol traits of B-4359 was characterized using the whole-genome sequence of B-4359, which was closely compared with related strains. The whole-genome sequence of B-4359 consisted of 5,761,776 bp with a GC content of 41.0%, including 5,118 coding sequences, 117 tRNA, and 36 rRNA genes. The genomic analysis identified 23 putative secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters. Our results provide a deep understanding of B-4359 as an effective biocontrol agent against red pepper anthracnose for sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heejin Kim
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
| | - Younmi Lee
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Ji Hwang
- Microbiology Research Department, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Hwa Lee
- Microbiology Research Department, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kotnala Balaraju
- Agricultural Science and Technology Research Institute, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongho Jeon
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
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10
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Zhang R, Shi PT, Zhou M, Liu HZ, Xu XJ, Liu WT, Chen KM. Rapid alkalinization factor: function, regulation, and potential applications in agriculture. STRESS BIOLOGY 2023; 3:16. [PMID: 37676530 PMCID: PMC10442051 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-023-00093-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Rapid alkalinization factor (RALF) is widespread throughout the plant kingdom and controls many aspects of plant life. Current studies on the regulatory mechanism underlying RALF function mainly focus on Arabidopsis, but little is known about the role of RALF in crop plants. Here, we systematically and comprehensively analyzed the relation between RALF family genes from five important crops and those in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Simultaneously, we summarized the functions of RALFs in controlling growth and developmental behavior using conservative motifs as cues and predicted the regulatory role of RALFs in cereal crops. In conclusion, RALF has considerable application potential in improving crop yields and increasing economic benefits. Using gene editing technology or taking advantage of RALF as a hormone additive are effective way to amplify the role of RALF in crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Area, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peng-Tao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Area, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Area, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huai-Zeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Area, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Area, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wen-Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Area, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kun-Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Area, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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11
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Jia Y, Li Y. Genome-Wide Identification and Comparative Analysis of RALF Gene Family in Legume and Non-Legume Species. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108842. [PMID: 37240187 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid alkalinization factor (RALF) are small secreted peptide hormones that can induce rapid alkalinization in a medium. They act as signaling molecules in plants, playing a critical role in plant development and growth, especially in plant immunity. Although the function of RALF peptides has been comprehensively analyzed, the evolutionary mechanism of RALFs in symbiosis has not been studied. In this study, 41, 24, 17 and 12 RALFs were identified in Arabidopsis, soybean, Lotus and Medicago, respectively. A comparative analysis including the molecular characteristics and conserved motifs suggested that the RALF pre-peptides in soybean represented a higher value of isoelectric point and more conservative motifs/residues composition than other species. All 94 RALFs were divided into two clades according to the phylogenetic analysis. Chromosome distribution and synteny analysis suggested that the expansion of the RALF gene family in Arabidopsis mainly depended on tandem duplication, while segment duplication played a dominant role in legume species. The expression levels of most RALFs in soybean were significantly affected by the treatment of rhizobia. Seven GmRALFs are potentially involved in the release of rhizobia in the cortex cells. Overall, our research provides novel insights into the understanding of the role of the RALF gene family in nodule symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yancui Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Youguo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, China
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12
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Adedire DE, Owoeye TE, Farinu OM, Ogundipe WF, Adedire OM. Management of Fusarium Wilt Disease of Maize (Zea mays L.) with Selected Antimycotic Plant Extracts and Inhibitory Bacillus Strains. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:204. [PMID: 37149815 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03302-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L. var. Everta) is an economically significant crop cultivated worldwide. Unfortunately, microbial diseases, especially, mycopathogens such as Fusarium species, militate against the production of maize. Protective microbial species and bioactive plant extracts have been studied in the control of plant pathogens. However, there is a dearth of information on their comparative efficacy and effect on wilt disease of maize caused by Fusarium solani, as investigated in this study. Using the ITS and 16s rDNA primers for fungal pathogen and bacterial strains, respectively, the mycopathogen was confirmed as Fusarium solani FCI20, while biocontrol Bacillus strains were identified as Bacillus velezensis EBs02 and Bacillus thuringiensis EBs04. Fusarium solani FCI20 successfully infected maize seedlings through rhizosphere inoculation, and caused severe leaf chlorosis, necrosis and wilt in maize seedlings. Bacillus thuringiensis EBs04 expressed the highest in vitro mycelial inhibition (85.20%), followed by Gmelina arborea (78.58%), while Milicia excelsa appeared to express the lowest mycelial inhibition potential (49.95%). Bacillus velezensis EBs02 expressed the highest in vivo disease severity reduction in maize seedlings (with percentage disease control of 84.16), while B. thuringiensis-treated plants had the lowest incidence of wilt disease (4.32%). However, contrary to their in vitro mycelial inhibition potential, B. velezensis EBs02, Gmelina arborea, Milicia excelsa and Cola nitida expressed radically different levels of in vivo wilt disease control in maize seedlings. Consequent upon the biocontrol patterns observed in this study, in vivo assay should be considered in the preliminary selection of promising biocontrol agents against phytopathogens, such as Fusarium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Ebunoluwa Adedire
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Biotechnology Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Temitope Esther Owoeye
- Southwest Center, National Biotechnology Development Agency, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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13
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Solís-Miranda J, Juárez-Verdayes MA, Nava N, Rosas P, Leija-Salas A, Cárdenas L, Quinto C. The Phaseolus vulgaris Receptor-Like Kinase PvFER1 and the Small Peptides PvRALF1 and PvRALF6 Regulate Nodule Number as a Function of Nitrate Availability. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065230. [PMID: 36982308 PMCID: PMC10049175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Legumes associate with Gram-negative soil bacteria called rhizobia, resulting in the formation of a nitrogen-fixing organ, the nodule. Nodules are an important sink for photosynthates for legumes, so these plants have developed a systemic regulation mechanism that controls their optimal number of nodules, the so-called autoregulation of nodulation (AON) pathway, to balance energy costs with the benefits of nitrogen fixation. In addition, soil nitrate inhibits nodulation in a dose-dependent manner, through systemic and local mechanisms. The CLE family of peptides and their receptors are key to tightly controlling these inhibitory responses. In the present study, a functional analysis revealed that PvFER1, PvRALF1, and PvRALF6 act as positive regulators of the nodule number in growth medium containing 0 mM of nitrate but as negative regulators in medium with 2 and 5 mM of nitrate. Furthermore, the effect on nodule number was found to be consistent with changes in the expression levels of genes associated with the AON pathway and with the nitrate-mediated regulation of nodulation (NRN). Collectively, these data suggest that PvFER1, PvRALF1, and PvRALF6 regulate the optimal number of nodules as a function of nitrate availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Solís-Miranda
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
| | - Marco A. Juárez-Verdayes
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
- Departamento de Docencia, Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Saltillo, Coahuila 25315, Mexico
| | - Noreide Nava
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
| | - Paul Rosas
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Leija-Salas
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
| | - Luis Cárdenas
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
| | - Carmen Quinto
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
- Correspondence:
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14
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Sigova EA, Pushkova EN, Rozhmina TA, Kudryavtseva LP, Zhuchenko AA, Novakovskiy RO, Zhernova DA, Povkhova LV, Turba AA, Borkhert EV, Melnikova NV, Dmitriev AA, Dvorianinova EM. Assembling Quality Genomes of Flax Fungal Pathogens from Oxford Nanopore Technologies Data. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:301. [PMID: 36983469 PMCID: PMC10055923 DOI: 10.3390/jof9030301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is attacked by numerous devastating fungal pathogens, including Colletotrichum lini, Aureobasidium pullulans, and Fusarium verticillioides (Fusarium moniliforme). The effective control of flax diseases follows the paradigm of extensive molecular research on pathogenicity. However, such studies require quality genome sequences of the studied organisms. This article reports on the approaches to assembling a high-quality fungal genome from the Oxford Nanopore Technologies data. We sequenced the genomes of C. lini, A. pullulans, and F. verticillioides (F. moniliforme) and received different volumes of sequencing data: 1.7 Gb, 3.9 Gb, and 11.1 Gb, respectively. To obtain the optimal genome sequences, we studied the effect of input data quality and genome coverage on assembly statistics and tested the performance of different assembling and polishing software. For C. lini, the most contiguous and complete assembly was obtained by the Flye assembler and the Homopolish polisher. The genome coverage had more effect than data quality on assembly statistics, likely due to the relatively low amount of sequencing data obtained for C. lini. The final assembly was 53.4 Mb long and 96.4% complete (according to the glomerellales_odb10 BUSCO dataset), consisted of 42 contigs, and had an N50 of 4.4 Mb. For A. pullulans and F. verticillioides (F. moniliforme), the best assemblies were produced by Canu-Medaka and Canu-Homopolish, respectively. The final assembly of A. pullulans had a length of 29.5 Mb, 99.4% completeness (dothideomycetes_odb10), an N50 of 2.4 Mb and consisted of 32 contigs. F. verticillioides (F. moniliforme) assembly was 44.1 Mb long, 97.8% complete (hypocreales_odb10), consisted of 54 contigs, and had an N50 of 4.4 Mb. The obtained results can serve as a guideline for assembling a de novo genome of a fungus. In addition, our data can be used in genomic studies of fungal pathogens or plant-pathogen interactions and assist in the management of flax diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta A. Sigova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow 141701, Russia
| | - Elena N. Pushkova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | | | | | - Alexander A. Zhuchenko
- Federal Research Center for Bast Fiber Crops, Torzhok 172002, Russia
- All-Russian Horticultural Institute for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery, Moscow 115598, Russia
| | - Roman O. Novakovskiy
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Daiana A. Zhernova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Liubov V. Povkhova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow 141701, Russia
| | - Anastasia A. Turba
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Elena V. Borkhert
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Nataliya V. Melnikova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexey A. Dmitriev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
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15
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Mamaeva A, Lyapina I, Knyazev A, Golub N, Mollaev T, Chudinova E, Elansky S, Babenko VV, Veselovsky VA, Klimina KM, Gribova T, Kharlampieva D, Lazarev V, Fesenko I. RALF peptides modulate immune response in the moss Physcomitrium patens. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1077301. [PMID: 36818838 PMCID: PMC9933782 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1077301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND RAPID ALKALINIZATION FACTOR (RALFs) are cysteine-rich peptides that regulate multiple physiological processes in plants. This peptide family has considerably expanded during land plant evolution, but the role of ancient RALFs in modulating stress responses is unknown.Results: Here, we used the moss Physcomitrium patens as a model to gain insight into the role of RALF peptides in the coordination of plant growth and stress response in non-vascular plants. The quantitative proteomic analysis revealed concerted downregulation of M6 metalloprotease and some membrane proteins, including those involved in stress response, in PpRALF1, 2 and 3 knockout (KO) lines. The subsequent analysis revealed the role of PpRALF3 in growth regulation under abiotic and biotic stress conditions, implying the importance of RALFs in responding to various adverse conditions in bryophytes. We found that knockout of the PpRALF2 and PpRALF3 genes resulted in increased resistance to bacterial and fungal phytopathogens, Pectobacterium carotovorum and Fusarium solani, suggesting the role of these peptides in negative regulation of the immune response in P. patens. Comparing the transcriptomes of PpRALF3 KO and wild-type plants infected by F. solani showed that the regulation of genes in the phenylpropanoid pathway and those involved in cell wall modification and biogenesis was different in these two genotypes. CONCLUSION Thus, our study sheds light on the function of the previously uncharacterized PpRALF3 peptide and gives a clue to the ancestral functions of RALF peptides in plant stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mamaeva
- Laboratory of System Analysis of Proteins and Peptides, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Lyapina
- Laboratory of System Analysis of Proteins and Peptides, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Knyazev
- Laboratory of System Analysis of Proteins and Peptides, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nina Golub
- Laboratory of System Analysis of Proteins and Peptides, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Timur Mollaev
- Agrarian and Technological Institute, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Chudinova
- Agrarian and Technological Institute, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Elansky
- Agrarian and Technological Institute, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladislav V. Babenko
- Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir A. Veselovsky
- Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ksenia M. Klimina
- Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana Gribova
- Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria Kharlampieva
- Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vassili Lazarev
- Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Dolgoprudny, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor Fesenko
- Laboratory of System Analysis of Proteins and Peptides, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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16
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Wang L, Calabria J, Chen HW, Somssich M. The Arabidopsis thaliana-Fusarium oxysporum strain 5176 pathosystem: an overview. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:6052-6067. [PMID: 35709954 PMCID: PMC9578349 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum is a soil-borne fungal pathogen of several major food crops. Research on understanding the molecular details of fungal infection and the plant's defense mechanisms against this pathogen has long focused mainly on the tomato-infecting F. oxysporum strains and their specific host plant. However, in recent years, the Arabidopsis thaliana-Fusarium oxysporum strain 5176 (Fo5176) pathosystem has additionally been established to study this plant-pathogen interaction with all the molecular biology, genetic, and genomic tools available for the A. thaliana model system. Work on this system has since produced several new insights, especially with regards to the role of phytohormones involved in the plant's defense response, and the receptor proteins and peptide ligands involved in pathogen detection. Furthermore, work with the pathogenic strain Fo5176 and the related endophytic strain Fo47 has demonstrated the suitability of this system for comparative studies of the plant's specific responses to general microbe- or pathogen-associated molecular patterns. In this review, we highlight the advantages of this specific pathosystem, summarize the advances made in studying the molecular details of this plant-fungus interaction, and point out open questions that remain to be answered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Wang
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Jacob Calabria
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Hsiang-Wen Chen
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
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17
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Liu Y, Chen Y, Jiang H, Shui Z, Zhong Y, Shang J, Yang H, Sun X, Du J. Genome-wide characterization of soybean RALF genes and their expression responses to Fusarium oxysporum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1006028. [PMID: 36275562 PMCID: PMC9583537 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1006028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
RALFs (RAPID ALKALINIZATION FACTORs) are small peptides required for plant growth, development and immunity. RALF has recently been discovered to regulate plant resistance to fungal infection. However, little is known in crops, particularly in soybean. Here, 27 RALFs were identified in the genome of Glycine max. All Glycine max RALFs (GmRALFs) and 34 Arabidopsis RALFs were classified into 12 clades via the phylogenetic analyses. Gene structures, conserved motifs, chromosome distribution and cis-elements were analyzed in this study. Furthermore, 18 GmRALFs were found in response to Fusarium oxysporum (F. oxysporum) infection in soybean and to have distinct expression patterns. Among them, secretory function of two GmRALFs were identified, and three GmRALFs were detected to interact with FERONIA in Glycine max (GmFERONIA, GmFER). Our current study systematically identified and characterized GmRALFs in the soybean genome, laying a groundwork for further functional analyses and soybean breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Liu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center for Modern Agriculture of the Middle East, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuhui Chen
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center for Modern Agriculture of the Middle East, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hengke Jiang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center for Modern Agriculture of the Middle East, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhaowei Shui
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center for Modern Agriculture of the Middle East, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujun Zhong
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center for Modern Agriculture of the Middle East, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Shang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center for Modern Agriculture of the Middle East, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center for Modern Agriculture of the Middle East, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Sun
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center for Modern Agriculture of the Middle East, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junbo Du
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center for Modern Agriculture of the Middle East, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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18
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Abstract
Peptide signaling is an emerging paradigm in molecular plant-microbe interactions with vast implications for our understanding of plant-nematode interactions and beyond. Plant-like peptide hormones, first discovered in cyst nematodes, are now recognized as an important class of peptide effectors mediating several different types of pathogenic and symbiotic interactions. Here, we summarize what has been learned about nematode-secreted CLAVATA3/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION-RELATED (CLE) peptide effectors since the last comprehensive review on this topic a decade ago. We also highlight new discoveries of a diverse array of peptide effectors that go beyond the CLE peptide effector family in not only phytonematodes but in organisms beyond the phylum Nematoda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa G Mitchum
- Department of Plant Pathology and Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA; ,
| | - Xunliang Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology and Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA; ,
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RALF1 peptide triggers biphasic root growth inhibition upstream of auxin biosynthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2121058119. [PMID: 35878023 PMCID: PMC9351349 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2121058119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant cell growth responds rapidly to various stimuli, adapting architecture to environmental changes. Two major endogenous signals regulating growth are the phytohormone auxin and the secreted peptides rapid alkalinization factors (RALFs). Both trigger very rapid cellular responses and also exert long-term effects [Du et al., Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 71, 379-402 (2020); Blackburn et al., Plant Physiol. 182, 1657-1666 (2020)]. However, the way, in which these distinct signaling pathways converge to regulate growth, remains unknown. Here, using vertical confocal microscopy combined with a microfluidic chip, we addressed the mechanism of RALF action on growth. We observed correlation between RALF1-induced rapid Arabidopsis thaliana root growth inhibition and apoplast alkalinization during the initial phase of the response, and revealed that RALF1 reversibly inhibits primary root growth through apoplast alkalinization faster than within 1 min. This rapid apoplast alkalinization was the result of RALF1-induced net H+ influx and was mediated by the receptor FERONIA (FER). Furthermore, we investigated the cross-talk between RALF1 and the auxin signaling pathways during root growth regulation. The results showed that RALF-FER signaling triggered auxin signaling with a delay of approximately 1 h by up-regulating auxin biosynthesis, thus contributing to sustained RALF1-induced growth inhibition. This biphasic RALF1 action on growth allows plants to respond rapidly to environmental stimuli and also reprogram growth and development in the long term.
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20
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Dodueva IE, Lebedeva MA, Lutova LA. Phytopathogens and Molecular Mimicry. RUSS J GENET+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795422060035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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21
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Zhang S, Li C, Si J, Han Z, Chen D. Action Mechanisms of Effectors in Plant-Pathogen Interaction. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6758. [PMID: 35743201 PMCID: PMC9224169 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant pathogens are one of the main factors hindering the breeding of cash crops. Pathogens, including oomycetes, fungus, and bacteria, secrete effectors as invasion weapons to successfully invade and propagate in host plants. Here, we review recent advances made in the field of plant-pathogen interaction models and the action mechanisms of phytopathogenic effectors. The review illustrates how effectors from different species use similar and distinct strategies to infect host plants. We classify the main action mechanisms of effectors in plant-pathogen interactions according to the infestation process: targeting physical barriers for disruption, creating conditions conducive to infestation, protecting or masking themselves, interfering with host cell physiological activity, and manipulating plant downstream immune responses. The investigation of the functioning of plant pathogen effectors contributes to improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms of plant-pathogen interactions. This understanding has important theoretical value and is of practical significance in plant pathology and disease resistance genetics and breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhigang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (S.Z.); (C.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Donghong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (S.Z.); (C.L.); (J.S.)
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22
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He YH, Zhang ZR, Xu YP, Chen SY, Cai XZ. Genome-Wide Identification of Rapid Alkalinization Factor Family in Brassica napus and Functional Analysis of BnRALF10 in Immunity to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:877404. [PMID: 35592581 PMCID: PMC9113046 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.877404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rapid alkalinization factors (RALFs) were recently reported to be important players in plant immunity. Nevertheless, the signaling underlying RALF-triggered immunity in crop species against necrotrophic pathogens remains largely unknown. In this study, RALF family in the important oil crop oilseed rape (Brassica napus) was identified and functions of BnRALF10 in immunity against the devastating necrotrophic pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum as well as the signaling underlying this immunity were revealed. The oilseed rape genome carried 61 RALFs, half of them were atypical, containing a less conserved YISY motif and lacking a RRXL motif or a pair of cysteines. Family-wide gene expression analyses demonstrated that patterns of expression in response to S. sclerotiorum infection and DAMP and PAMP treatments were generally RALF- and stimulus-specific. Most significantly responsive BnRALF genes were expressionally up-regulated by S. sclerotiorum, while in contrast, more BnRALF genes were down-regulated by BnPep5 and SsNLP1. These results indicate that members of BnRALF family are likely differentially involved in plant immunity. Functional analyses revealed that BnRALF10 provoked diverse immune responses in oilseed rape and stimulated resistance to S. sclerotiorum. These data support BnRALF10 to function as a DAMP to play a positive role in plant immunity. BnRALF10 interacted with BnFER. Silencing of BnFER decreased BnRALF10-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and compromised rape resistance to S. sclerotiorum. These results back BnFER to be a receptor of BnRALF10. Furthermore, quantitative proteomic analysis identified dozens of BnRALF10-elicited defense (RED) proteins, which respond to BnRALF10 in protein abundance and play a role in defense. Our results revealed that BnRALF10 modulated the abundance of RED proteins to fine tune plant immunity. Collectively, our results provided some insights into the functions of oilseed rape RALFs and the signaling underlying BnRALF-triggered immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Han He
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhuo-Ran Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - You-Ping Xu
- Centre of Analysis and Measurement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Song-Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Zhong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
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23
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Wang Z, Song Y. Toward understanding the genetic bases underlying plant-mediated "cry for help" to the microbiota. IMETA 2022; 1:e8. [PMID: 38867725 PMCID: PMC10989820 DOI: 10.1002/imt2.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Canonical plant stress biology research has focused mainly on the dynamic regulation of internal genetic pathways in stress responses. Increasingly more studies suggest that plant-mediated timely reshaping of the microbiota could also confer benefits in responding to certain biotic and abiotic stresses. This has led to the "cry for help" hypothesis, which is supported by the identification of plant genetic regulators integrating biotic/abiotic stress signaling and microbiota sculpting. Although diverse genetic mutants have been reported to affect microbiota composition, it has been challenging to confirm the causal link between specific microbiota changes and plant phenotypic outputs (e.g., fitness benefits) due to the complexity of microbial community composition. This limits the understanding of the relevance of plant-mediated microbiota changes. We reviewed the genetic bases of host-mediated reshaping of beneficial microbiota in response to biotic and abiotic stresses, and summarized the practical approaches linking microbiota changes and "functional outputs" in plants. Further understanding of the key regulators and pathways governing the assembly of stress-alleviating microbiota would benefit the design of crops that could dynamically enlist beneficial microbiota under conditions of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghong Wang
- Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of BiologyUniversity of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina
| | - Yi Song
- Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of BiologyUniversity of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina
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24
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Ginanjar EF, Teh OK, Fujita T. Characterisation of rapid alkalinisation factors in Physcomitrium patens reveals functional conservation in tip growth. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:2442-2457. [PMID: 34954833 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Small signalling peptides are key molecules for cell-to-cell communications in plants. The cysteine-rich signalling peptide, rapid alkalinisation factors (RALFs) family are involved in diverse developmental and stress responses and have expanded considerably during land plant evolution, implying neofunctionalisations in the RALF family. However, the ancestral roles of RALFs when land plant first acquired them remain unknown. Here, we functionally characterised two of the three RALFs in bryophyte Physcomitrium patens using loss-of-function mutants, overexpressors, as well as fluorescent proteins tagged reporter lines. We showed that PpRALF1 and PpRALF2 have overlapping functions in promoting protonema tip growth and elongation, showing a homologous function as the Arabidopsis RALF1 in promoting root hair tip growth. Although both PpRALFs are secreted to the plasma membrane on which PpRALF1 symmetrically localised, PpRALF2 showed a polarised localisation at the growing tip. Notably, proteolytic cleavage of PpRALF1 is necessary for its function. Our data reveal a possible evolutionary origin of the RALF functions and suggest that functional divergence of RALFs is essential to drive complex morphogenesis and to facilitate other novel processes in land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ooi-Kock Teh
- Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan
- Institute for the Advancement of Higher Education, Hokkaihdo University, Sapporo, 060-0817, Japan
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, 128 Sec.2, Academia Rd, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tomomichi Fujita
- Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan
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25
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Yang B, Yang S, Zheng W, Wang Y. Plant immunity inducers: from discovery to agricultural application. STRESS BIOLOGY 2022; 2:5. [PMID: 37676359 PMCID: PMC10442025 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-021-00028-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
While conventional chemical fungicides directly eliminate pathogens, plant immunity inducers activate or prime plant immunity. In recent years, considerable progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms of immune regulation in plants. The development and application of plant immunity inducers based on the principles of plant immunity represent a new field in plant protection research. In this review, we describe the mechanisms of plant immunity inducers in terms of plant immune system activation, summarize the various classes of reported plant immunity inducers (proteins, oligosaccharides, chemicals, and lipids), and review methods for the identification or synthesis of plant immunity inducers. The current situation, new strategies, and future prospects in the development and application of plant immunity inducers are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Sen Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wenyue Zheng
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yuanchao Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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26
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Narváez-Barragán DA, Tovar-Herrera OE, Guevara-García A, Serrano M, Martinez-Anaya C. Mechanisms of plant cell wall surveillance in response to pathogens, cell wall-derived ligands and the effect of expansins to infection resistance or susceptibility. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:969343. [PMID: 36082287 PMCID: PMC9445675 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.969343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Cell wall integrity is tightly regulated and maintained given that non-physiological modification of cell walls could render plants vulnerable to biotic and/or abiotic stresses. Expansins are plant cell wall-modifying proteins active during many developmental and physiological processes, but they can also be produced by bacteria and fungi during interaction with plant hosts. Cell wall alteration brought about by ectopic expression, overexpression, or exogenous addition of expansins from either eukaryote or prokaryote origin can in some instances provide resistance to pathogens, while in other cases plants become more susceptible to infection. In these circumstances altered cell wall mechanical properties might be directly responsible for pathogen resistance or susceptibility outcomes. Simultaneously, through membrane receptors for enzymatically released cell wall fragments or by sensing modified cell wall barrier properties, plants trigger intracellular signaling cascades inducing defense responses and reinforcement of the cell wall, contributing to various infection phenotypes, in which expansins might also be involved. Here, we review the plant immune response activated by cell wall surveillance mechanisms, cell wall fragments identified as responsible for immune responses, and expansin's roles in resistance and susceptibility of plants to pathogen attack.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mario Serrano
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
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27
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Ortiz-Morea FA, Liu J, Shan L, He P. Malectin-like receptor kinases as protector deities in plant immunity. NATURE PLANTS 2022; 8:27-37. [PMID: 34931075 PMCID: PMC9059209 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-021-01028-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plant malectin-like receptor kinases (MLRs), also known as Catharanthus roseus receptor-like kinase-1-like proteins, are well known for their functions in pollen tube reception and tip growth, cell wall integrity sensing, and hormonal responses. Recently, mounting evidence has indicated a critical role for MLRs in plant immunity. Here we focus on the emerging functions of MLRs in modulating the two-tiered immune system mediated by cell-surface-resident pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and intracellular nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs). MLRs complex with PRRs and NLRs and regulate immune receptor complex formation and stability. Rapid alkalinization factor peptide ligands, LORELEI-like glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins and cell-wall-associated leucine-rich repeat extensins coordinate with MLRs to orchestrate PRR- and NLR-mediated immunity. We discuss the common theme and unique features of MLR complexes concatenating different branches of plant immune signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fausto Andres Ortiz-Morea
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Amazonian Research Center Cimaz-Macagual, University of the Amazon, Florencia, Colombia
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Libo Shan
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Ping He
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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28
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Lin H, Han X, Feng X, Chen X, Lu X, Yuan Z, Li Y, Ye W, Yin Z. Molecular traits and functional analysis of Rapid Alkalinization Factors (RALFs) in four Gossypium species. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 194:84-99. [PMID: 34852258 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Rapid Alkalinization Factors (RALFs) are plant-secreted, cysteine-rich polypeptides which are known to play essential roles in plant developmental processes and in several defense mechanisms. So far, RALF polypeptides have not been investigated in the Gossypium genus. In this study, 42, 38, 104 and 120 RALFs were identified from diploid G. arboreum and G. raimondi and tetraploid G. hirsutum and G. barbadense, respectively. These were further divided into four groups. Protein characteristics, sequence alignment, gene structure, conserved motifs, chromosomal location and cis-element identification were comprehensively analyzed. Whole genome duplication (WGD) /segmental duplication may be the reason why the number of RALF genes doubled in tetraploid Gossypium species. Expression patterns analysis showed that GhRALFs had different transcript accumulation patterns in the tested tissues and were differentially expressed in response to various abiotic stresses. Furthermore, GhRALF41-3 over-expressing (OE) plants showed reduction in root length and developed later with short stems and small rosettes than that of the wild type. The GhRALF14-8 and GhRALF27-8 OE plants, especially the latter, showed increase in seed abortion. Both transgenic Arabidopsis and VIGS cotton demonstrate that three GhRALFs are negative regulators in response to salt stress. Our systematic analyses provided insights into the characterization of RALF genes in Gossypium, which forms genetic basis for further exploration in their potential applications in cotton production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Lin
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China; Henan Institute of Grains and Cotton, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan, China.
| | - Xiulan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.
| | - Xuemei Feng
- Shandong Denghai Shofine Seed Limited Company, Jining, China.
| | - Xiugui Chen
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China.
| | - Xuke Lu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China.
| | - Zeze Yuan
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China.
| | - Yan Li
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China.
| | - Wuwei Ye
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China; Henan Institute of Grains and Cotton, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan, China.
| | - Zujun Yin
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China; Henan Institute of Grains and Cotton, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan, China.
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29
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Zhang X, Wang D, Chen J, Wu D, Feng X, Yu F. Nematode RALF-Like 1 Targets Soybean Malectin-Like Receptor Kinase to Facilitate Parasitism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:775508. [PMID: 34975958 PMCID: PMC8719587 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.775508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ] is one of the most strategical oilseed crops that provides sustainable source of protein and oil worldwide. Cultivation of soybean is severely affected by root-knot nematode (RKN). However, the mechanism of RKN parasitism to soybeans is largely unknown. In this study, we identify GmLMM1, which encodes a homolog of FERONIA-like receptor kinase in soybean, as a susceptible gene toward nematode. Mutations of GmLMM1 exhibit enhanced resistance against the RKN Meloidogyne incognita. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis reveals a similar differential expression pattern for genes regulated by GmLMM1 (Gmlmm1 vs. wild-type) and M. incognita (M. incognita vs. mock), supporting the role of GmLMM1 in M. incognita infection. Unlike FERONIA in Arabidopsis, GmLMM1 specifically binds to MiRALF1 and AtRALF23 that suppress plant immunity, but not MiRALF3 and AtRALF1. Moreover, we found that the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in GmLMM1 leads to the natural resistance against RKNs in soybeans. Collectively, these findings uncover GmLMM1 as a susceptible target of nematode RALF-like 1 and provide new genetic resource for nematode resistant breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Jia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Dousheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Xianzhong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Feng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha, China
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30
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Nagel JH, Wingfield MJ, Slippers B. Next-generation sequencing provides important insights into the biology and evolution of the Botryosphaeriaceae. FUNGAL BIOL REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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31
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Zhu S, Fu Q, Xu F, Zheng H, Yu F. New paradigms in cell adaptation: decades of discoveries on the CrRLK1L receptor kinase signalling network. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:1168-1183. [PMID: 34424552 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Receptor-like kinases (RLKs), which constitute the largest receptor family in plants, are essential for perceiving and relaying information about various environmental stimuli. Tremendous progress has been made in the past few decades towards elucidating the mechanisms of action of several RLKs, with emerging paradigms pointing to their roles in cell adaptations. Among these paradigms, Catharanthus roseus receptor-like kinase 1-like (CrRLK1L) proteins and their rapid alkalinization factor (RALF) peptide ligands have attracted much interest. In particular, FERONIA (FER) is a CrRLK1L protein that participates in a wide array of physiological processes associated with RALF signalling, including cell growth and monitoring cell wall integrity, RNA and energy metabolism, and phytohormone and stress responses. Here, we analyse FER in the context of CrRLK1L members and their ligands in multiple species. The FER working model raises many questions about the role of CrRLK1L signalling networks during cell adaptation. For example, how do CrRLK1Ls recognize various RALF peptides from different organisms to initiate specific phosphorylation signal cascades? How do RALF-FER complexes achieve their specific, sometimes opposite, functions in different cell types? Here, we summarize recent major findings and highlight future perspectives in the field of CrRLK1L signalling networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, and Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Qiong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, and Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Fan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, and Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Heping Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, and Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Feng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, and Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Centre, Changsha, 410125, China
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32
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Dodueva I, Lebedeva M, Lutova L. Dialog between Kingdoms: Enemies, Allies and Peptide Phytohormones. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10112243. [PMID: 34834606 PMCID: PMC8618561 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Various plant hormones can integrate developmental and environmental responses, acting in a complex network, which allows plants to adjust their developmental processes to changing environments. In particular, plant peptide hormones regulate various aspects of plant growth and development as well as the response to environmental stress and the interaction of plants with their pathogens and symbionts. Various plant-interacting organisms, e.g., bacterial and fungal pathogens, plant-parasitic nematodes, as well as symbiotic and plant-beneficial bacteria and fungi, are able to manipulate phytohormonal level and/or signaling in the host plant in order to overcome plant immunity and to create the habitat and food source inside the plant body. The most striking example of such phytohormonal mimicry is the ability of certain plant pathogens and symbionts to produce peptide phytohormones of different classes. To date, in the genomes of plant-interacting bacteria, fungi, and nematodes, the genes encoding effectors which mimic seven classes of peptide phytohormones have been found. For some of these effectors, the interaction with plant receptors for peptide hormones and the effect on plant development and defense have been demonstrated. In this review, we focus on the currently described classes of peptide phytohormones found among the representatives of other kingdoms, as well as mechanisms of their action and possible evolutional origin.
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33
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Wu D, Wang L, Zhang Y, Bai L, Yu F. Emerging roles of pathogen-secreted host mimics in plant disease development. Trends Parasitol 2021; 37:1082-1095. [PMID: 34627670 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2021.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Plant pathogens and parasites use multiple virulence factors to successfully infect plants. While most plant-pathogen interaction studies focus on pathogen effectors and their functions in suppressing plant immunity or interfering with normal cellular processes, other virulence factors likely also contribute. Here we highlight another important strategy used by pathogens to promote virulence: secretion of mimics of host molecules, including peptides, phytohormones, and small RNAs, which play diverse roles in plant development and stress responses. Pathogen-secreted mimics hijack the host endogenous signaling pathways, thereby modulating host cellular functions to the benefit of the pathogen and promoting infection. Understanding the mechanisms of pathogen-secreted host mimics will expand our knowledge of host-pathogen coevolution and interactions, while providing new targets for plant disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dousheng Wu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- Hunan Weed Science Key Laboratory, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Lianyang Bai
- Hunan Weed Science Key Laboratory, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China.
| | - Feng Yu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
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34
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Hou S, Liu D, He P. Phytocytokines function as immunological modulators of plant immunity. STRESS BIOLOGY 2021; 1:8. [PMID: 34806087 PMCID: PMC8591736 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-021-00009-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Plant plasma membrane-resident immune receptors regulate plant immunity by recognizing microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and phytocytokines. Phytocytokines are plant endogenous peptides, which are usually produced in the cytosol and released into the apoplast when plant encounters pathogen infections. Phytocytokines regulate plant immunity through activating an overlapping signaling pathway with MAMPs/DAMPs with some unique features. Here, we highlight the current understanding of phytocytokine production, perception and functions in plant immunity, and discuss how plants and pathogens manipulate phytocytokine signaling for their own benefits during the plant-pathogen warfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuguo Hou
- School of Municipal & Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, 250100 China
| | - Derui Liu
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | - Ping He
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA
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35
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Solis-Miranda J, Quinto C. The CrRLK1L subfamily: One of the keys to versatility in plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 166:88-102. [PMID: 34091211 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Catharanthus roseous kinase 1L receptors (CrRLK1Ls) are a subfamily of membrane receptors unique to plant cells that perceive internal and external signals, integrate metabolic, physiological, and molecular processes, and regulate plant development. Recent genomic studies have suggested that this receptor subfamily arose during the emergence of terrestrial plants and has since diversified, preserving its essential functions. Participation of some of these CrRLK1Ls in different processes is presented and discussed herein, as well as the increasing number of interactors necessary for their function. At least five different responses have been detected after activating these receptors, such as physiological changes, formation or disassembly of protein complexes, metabolic responses, modification of gene expression, and modulation of phytohormone activity. To date, a common response mechanism for all processes involving CrRLK1Ls has not been described. In this review, the information available on the different functions of CrRLK1Ls was compiled. Additionally, the physiological and/or molecular mechanisms involved in the signaling processes triggered by these receptors are also discussed. In this review, we propose a possible common signaling mechanism for all processes regulated by CrRLK1Ls and pose questions to be answered in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Solis-Miranda
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62210, Mexico.
| | - Carmen Quinto
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62210, Mexico.
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Buscaill P, van der Hoorn RAL. Defeated by the nines: nine extracellular strategies to avoid microbe-associated molecular patterns recognition in plants. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:2116-2130. [PMID: 33871653 PMCID: PMC8364246 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Recognition of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) by cell-surface receptors is pivotal in host-microbe interactions. Both pathogens and symbionts establish plant-microbe interactions using fascinating intricate extracellular strategies to avoid recognition. Here we distinguish nine different extracellular strategies to avoid recognition by the host, acting at three different levels. To avoid the accumulation of MAMP precursors (Level 1), microbes take advantage of polymorphisms in both MAMP proteins and glycans, or downregulate MAMP production. To reduce hydrolytic MAMP release (Level 2), microbes shield MAMP precursors with proteins or glycans and inhibit or degrade host-derived hydrolases. And to prevent MAMP perception directly (Level 3), microbes degrade or sequester MAMPs before they are perceived. We discuss examples of these nine strategies and envisage three additional extracellular strategies to avoid MAMP perception in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Buscaill
- The Plant Chemetics Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, OX1 3RB Oxford, UK
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Peng Y, Li SJ, Yan J, Tang Y, Cheng JP, Gao AJ, Yao X, Ruan JJ, Xu BL. Research Progress on Phytopathogenic Fungi and Their Role as Biocontrol Agents. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:670135. [PMID: 34122383 PMCID: PMC8192705 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.670135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytopathogenic fungi decrease crop yield and quality and cause huge losses in agricultural production. To prevent the occurrence of crop diseases and insect pests, farmers have to use many synthetic chemical pesticides. The extensive use of these pesticides has resulted in a series of environmental and ecological problems, such as the increase in resistant weed populations, soil compaction, and water pollution, which seriously affect the sustainable development of agriculture. This review discusses the main advances in research on plant-pathogenic fungi in terms of their pathogenic factors such as cell wall-degrading enzymes, toxins, growth regulators, effector proteins, and fungal viruses, as well as their application as biocontrol agents for plant pests, diseases, and weeds. Finally, further studies on plant-pathogenic fungal resources with better biocontrol effects can help find new beneficial microbial resources that can control diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Peng
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shi J Li
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing in Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Schools of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Tang
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jian P Cheng
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - An J Gao
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xin Yao
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jing J Ruan
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Bing L Xu
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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38
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Song Y, Wilson AJ, Zhang XC, Thoms D, Sohrabi R, Song S, Geissmann Q, Liu Y, Walgren L, He SY, Haney CH. FERONIA restricts Pseudomonas in the rhizosphere microbiome via regulation of reactive oxygen species. NATURE PLANTS 2021; 7:644-654. [PMID: 33972713 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-021-00914-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining microbiome structure is critical for the health of both plants and animals. By re-screening a collection of Arabidopsis mutants affecting root immunity and hormone crosstalk, we identified a FERONIA (FER) receptor kinase mutant (fer-8) with a rhizosphere microbiome enriched in Pseudomonas fluorescens without phylum-level dysbiosis. Using microbiome transplant experiments, we found that the fer-8 microbiome was beneficial. The effect of FER on rhizosphere pseudomonads was largely independent of its immune scaffold function, role in development and jasmonic acid autoimmunity. We found that the fer-8 mutant has reduced basal levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in roots and that mutants deficient in NADPH oxidase showed elevated rhizosphere pseudomonads. The addition of RALF23 peptides, a FER ligand, was sufficient to enrich P. fluorescens. This work shows that FER-mediated ROS production regulates levels of beneficial pseudomonads in the rhizosphere microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Song
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andrew J Wilson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Xue-Cheng Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- DermBiont, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Thoms
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Reza Sohrabi
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Siyu Song
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Quentin Geissmann
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lauren Walgren
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sheng Yang He
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Cara H Haney
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
- Michael Smith Laboratories, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Yuan N, Furumizu C, Zhang B, Sawa S. Database mining of plant peptide homologues. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2021; 38:137-143. [PMID: 34177333 PMCID: PMC8215471 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.20.0720a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In plant-pathogen interactions, pathogens employ secreted molecules, known as effectors to overcome physical barriers, modulate plant immunity, and facilitate colonization. Among these diverse effectors, some are found to mimic the plant peptides, to target host's peptide receptors, and intervene in the peptide-regulated defense pathways and/or plant development. To better understand how pathogens have co-evolved with their plant hosts in order to improve disease management, we explored the presence of plant peptide mimics in microbes by bioinformatic analysis. In total, 36 novel peptide mimics belong to five plant peptide families were detected in bacterial and fungal kingdoms. Among them, phytosulfokine homologues were widely distributed in 22 phytopathogens and one bacterium, thereby constituted the largest proportion of the identified mimics. The putative functional peptide region is well conserved between plant and microbes, while the existence of a putative signal peptide varies between species. Our findings will increase understanding of plant-pathogen interactions, and provide new ideas for future studies of pathogenic mechanisms and disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yuan
- Institute of Crop Germplasm and Biotechnology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Chihiro Furumizu
- Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Baolong Zhang
- Institute of Crop Germplasm and Biotechnology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Shinichiro Sawa
- Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
- E-mail: Tel & Fax: +81-96-342-3439
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Abstract
Plant-colonizing fungi secrete a cocktail of effector proteins during colonization. After secretion, some of these effectors are delivered into plant cells to directly dampen the plant immune system or redirect host processes benefitting fungal growth. Other effectors function in the apoplastic space either as released proteins modulating the activity of plant enzymes associated with plant defense or as proteins bound to the fungal cell wall. For such fungal cell wall-bound effectors, we know particularly little about their molecular function. In this review, we describe effectors that are associated with the fungal cell wall and discuss how they contribute to colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeyuki Tanaka
- Department of Organismic Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Karl-von-Frisch Straße 10, Marburg 35043, Germany
| | - Regine Kahmann
- Department of Organismic Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Karl-von-Frisch Straße 10, Marburg 35043, Germany
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Wang ZQ, Yu TF, Sun GZ, Zheng JC, Chen J, Zhou YB, Chen M, Ma YZ, Wei WL, Xu ZS. Genome-Wide Analysis of the Catharanthus roseus RLK1-Like in Soybean and GmCrRLK1L20 Responds to Drought and Salt Stresses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:614909. [PMID: 33815437 PMCID: PMC8012678 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.614909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses, such as drought and salinity, severely affects the growth, development and productivity of the plants. The Catharanthus roseus RLK1-like (CrRLK1L) protein kinase family is involved in several processes in the plant life cycle. However, there have been few studies addressing the functions of CrRLK1L proteins in soybean. In this study, 38 CrRLK1L genes were identified in the soybean genome (Glycine max Wm82.a2.v1). Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that soybean CrRLK1L genes were grouped into clusters, cluster I, II, III. The chromosomal mapping demonstrated that 38 CrRLK1L genes were located in 14 of 20 soybean chromosomes. None were discovered on chromosomes 1, 4, 6, 7, 11, and 14. Gene structure analysis indicated that 73.6% soybean CrRLK1L genes were characterized by a lack of introns.15.7% soybean CrRLK1L genes only had one intron and 10.5% soybean CrRLK1L genes had more than one intron. Five genes were obtained from soybean drought- and salt-induced transcriptome databases and were found to be highly up-regulated. GmCrRLK1L20 was notably up-regulated under drought and salinity stresses, and was therefore studied further. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that the GmCrRLK1L20 protein was located in the cell membrane. The overexpression of the GmCrRLK1L20 gene in soybean hairy roots improved both drought tolerance and salt stresses and enhanced the expression of the stress-responsive genes GmMYB84, GmWRKY40, GmDREB-like, GmGST15, GmNAC29, and GmbZIP78. These results indicated that GmCrRLK1L20 could play a vital role in defending against drought and salinity stresses in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qi Wang
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Jingzhou, China
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Tai-Fei Yu
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Zhong Sun
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Cheng Zheng
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Bin Zhou
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - You-Zhi Ma
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Liang Wei
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Jingzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhao-Shi Xu,
| | - Zhao-Shi Xu
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Wen-Liang Wei,
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Bentham AR, De la Concepcion JC, Mukhi N, Zdrzałek R, Draeger M, Gorenkin D, Hughes RK, Banfield MJ. A molecular roadmap to the plant immune system. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:14916-14935. [PMID: 32816993 PMCID: PMC7606695 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev120.010852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant diseases caused by pathogens and pests are a constant threat to global food security. Direct crop losses and the measures used to control disease (e.g. application of pesticides) have significant agricultural, economic, and societal impacts. Therefore, it is essential that we understand the molecular mechanisms of the plant immune system, a system that allows plants to resist attack from a wide variety of organisms ranging from viruses to insects. Here, we provide a roadmap to plant immunity, with a focus on cell-surface and intracellular immune receptors. We describe how these receptors perceive signatures of pathogens and pests and initiate immune pathways. We merge existing concepts with new insights gained from recent breakthroughs on the structure and function of plant immune receptors, which have generated a shift in our understanding of cell-surface and intracellular immunity and the interplay between the two. Finally, we use our current understanding of plant immunity as context to discuss the potential of engineering the plant immune system with the aim of bolstering plant defenses against disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Bentham
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nitika Mukhi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Rafał Zdrzałek
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Markus Draeger
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Danylo Gorenkin
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Richard K Hughes
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Mark J Banfield
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom.
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43
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Ji D, Chen T, Zhang Z, Li B, Tian S. Versatile Roles of the Receptor-Like Kinase Feronia in Plant Growth, Development and Host-Pathogen Interaction. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7881. [PMID: 33114219 PMCID: PMC7660594 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As a member of the Catharanthus roseus receptor-like kinase 1-like (CrRLK1L) protein kinase subfamily, FERONIA (FER) has emerged as a versatile player regulating multifaceted functions in growth and development, as well as responses to environmental factors and pathogens. With the concerted efforts of researchers, the molecular mechanism underlying FER-dependent signaling has been gradually elucidated. A number of cellular processes regulated by FER-ligand interactions have been extensively reported, implying cell type-specific mechanisms for FER. Here, we provide a review on the roles of FER in male-female gametophyte recognition, cell elongation, hormonal signaling, stress responses, responses to fungi and bacteria, and present a brief outlook for future efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongchao Ji
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (D.J.); (T.C.); (Z.Z.); (B.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (D.J.); (T.C.); (Z.Z.); (B.L.)
| | - Zhanquan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (D.J.); (T.C.); (Z.Z.); (B.L.)
| | - Boqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (D.J.); (T.C.); (Z.Z.); (B.L.)
| | - Shiping Tian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (D.J.); (T.C.); (Z.Z.); (B.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handling of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100093, China
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Zhang X, Peng H, Zhu S, Xing J, Li X, Zhu Z, Zheng J, Wang L, Wang B, Chen J, Ming Z, Yao K, Jian J, Luan S, Coleman-Derr D, Liao H, Peng Y, Peng D, Yu F. Nematode-Encoded RALF Peptide Mimics Facilitate Parasitism of Plants through the FERONIA Receptor Kinase. MOLECULAR PLANT 2020; 13:1434-1454. [PMID: 32896643 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanism by which plants defend against plant root-knot nematodes (RKNs) is largely unknown. The plant receptor kinase FERONIA and its peptide ligands, rapid alkalinization factors (RALFs), regulate plant immune responses and cell expansion, which are two important factors for successful RKN parasitism. In this study, we found that mutation of FERONIA in Arabidopsis thaliana resulted in plants showing low susceptibility to the RKN Meloidogyne incognita. To identify the underlying mechanisms associated with this phenomenon, we identified 18 novel RALF-likes from multiple species of RKNs and showed that two RALF-likes (i.e., MiRALF1 and MiRALF3) from M. incognita were expressed in the esophageal gland with high expression during the parasitic stages of nematode development. These nematode RALF-likes also possess the typical activities of plant RALFs and can directly bind to the extracellular domain of FERONIA to modulate specific steps of nematode parasitism-related immune responses and cell expansion. Genetically, both MiRALF1/3 and FERONIA are required for RKN parasitism in Arabidopsis and rice. Collectively, our study suggests that nematode-encoded RALFs facilitate parasitism via plant-encoded FERONIA and provides a novel paradigm for studying host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Huan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Disease and Insect Pest, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Sirui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Junjie Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha 410125, P.R. China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Zhaozhong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Jingyuan Zheng
- Institute of Vegetable Research, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, P.R. China
| | - Long Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Bingqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Jia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Zhenhua Ming
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P.R. China
| | - Ke Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Disease and Insect Pest, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Jinzhuo Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Disease and Insect Pest, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Luan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Devin Coleman-Derr
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Hongdong Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China.
| | - Yousong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China.
| | - Deliang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Disease and Insect Pest, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Feng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China; State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha 410125, P.R. China.
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Rocafort M, Fudal I, Mesarich CH. Apoplastic effector proteins of plant-associated fungi and oomycetes. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 56:9-19. [PMID: 32247857 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The outcome of an interaction between a plant and a fungus or an oomycete, whether compatibility or incompatibility, is often determined in the hostile extracellular spaces and matrices of the apoplast. Indeed, for compatibility to occur, many plant-associated fungi and oomycetes must first neutralize the apoplast, which is both monitored by plant cell-surface immune receptors, and enriched in plant (and frequently, competitor)-derived antimicrobial compounds. Research is highlighting the diverse roles that fungal and oomycete effector proteins play in the apoplast to promote compatibility, with most recent progress made towards understanding the role of these proteins in evading chitin-triggered immunity. Research is also showcasing the ability of apoplastic effector proteins to bring about incompatibility upon recognition by diverse plant cell-surface immune receptors, and the use of effectoromics to rapidly identify apoplastic effector protein-cell-surface immune receptor interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Rocafort
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Pathology, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Isabelle Fudal
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR BIOGER, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Carl H Mesarich
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Pathology, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; Bio-Protection Research Centre, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
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Zhang X, Yang Z, Wu D, Yu F. RALF-FERONIA Signaling: Linking Plant Immune Response with Cell Growth. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2020; 1:100084. [PMID: 33367248 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2020b.100084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plants perceive various external and internal signals to self-modulate biological processes through members of the receptor-like kinase (RLK) family, among which Catharanthus roseus receptor-like kinase 1-like (CrRLK1L) proteins with their ligands, rapid alkalinization factor (RALF) peptides, have attracted considerable interest. FERONIA (FER), a CrRLK1L member, was initially reported to act as a major plant cell growth modulator in distinct tissues. Subsequently, the RALF-FER pathway was confirmed to function as an essential regulator of plant stress responses, including but not limited to immune responses. Furthermore, the RALF-FER pathway modulates immune responses and cell growth in a context-specific manner, and the vital roles of this pathway are beginning to be appreciated in crop species. The recent remarkable advances in understanding the functions and molecular mechanisms of the RALF-FER pathway have also raised many interesting questions that need to be answered in the future. This review mainly focuses on the roles of FER and other CrRLK1L members in modulating immune responses in the context of cell growth in response to their RALF peptide ligands and presents a brief outlook for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- College of Biology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Zhuhong Yang
- College of Biology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha 410125, P.R. China
| | - Dousheng Wu
- College of Biology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Feng Yu
- College of Biology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha 410125, P.R. China
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47
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Zhang X, Yang Z, Wu D, Yu F. RALF-FERONIA Signaling: Linking Plant Immune Response with Cell Growth. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2020; 1:100084. [PMID: 33367248 PMCID: PMC7747976 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2020.100084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Plants perceive various external and internal signals to self-modulate biological processes through members of the receptor-like kinase (RLK) family, among which Catharanthus roseus receptor-like kinase 1-like (CrRLK1L) proteins with their ligands, rapid alkalinization factor (RALF) peptides, have attracted considerable interest. FERONIA (FER), a CrRLK1L member, was initially reported to act as a major plant cell growth modulator in distinct tissues. Subsequently, the RALF-FER pathway was confirmed to function as an essential regulator of plant stress responses, including but not limited to immune responses. Furthermore, the RALF-FER pathway modulates immune responses and cell growth in a context-specific manner, and the vital roles of this pathway are beginning to be appreciated in crop species. The recent remarkable advances in understanding the functions and molecular mechanisms of the RALF-FER pathway have also raised many interesting questions that need to be answered in the future. This review mainly focuses on the roles of FER and other CrRLK1L members in modulating immune responses in the context of cell growth in response to their RALF peptide ligands and presents a brief outlook for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- College of Biology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Zhuhong Yang
- College of Biology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha 410125, P.R. China
| | - Dousheng Wu
- College of Biology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Feng Yu
- College of Biology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha 410125, P.R. China
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48
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Wood AKM, Walker C, Lee WS, Urban M, Hammond-Kosack KE. Functional evaluation of a homologue of plant rapid alkalinisation factor (RALF) peptides in Fusarium graminearum. Fungal Biol 2020; 124:753-765. [PMID: 32883427 PMCID: PMC7487784 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The cereal infecting fungus Fusarium graminearum is predicted to possess a single homologue of plant RALF (rapid alkalinisation factor) peptides. Fusarium mutant strains lacking FgRALF were generated and found to exhibit wildtype virulence on wheat and Arabidopsis floral tissue. Arabidopsis lines constitutively overexpressing FgRALF exhibited no obvious change in susceptibility to F. graminearum leaf infection. In contrast transient virus-mediated over-expression (VOX) of FgRALF in wheat prior to F. graminearum infection, slightly increased the rate of fungal colonisation of floral tissue. Ten putative Feronia (FER) receptors of RALF peptide were identified bioinformatically in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum). Transient silencing of two wheat FER homoeologous genes prior to F. graminearum inoculation did not alter the subsequent interaction outcome. Collectively, our VOX results show that the fungal RALF peptide may be a minor contributor in F. graminearum virulence but results from fungal gene deletion experiments indicate potential functional redundancy within the F. graminearum genome. We demonstrate that virus-mediated over-expression is a useful tool to provide novel information about gene/protein function when results from gene deletion/disruption experimentation were uninformative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana K M Wood
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Catherine Walker
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Wing-Sham Lee
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Martin Urban
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Kim E Hammond-Kosack
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK.
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Albert I, Hua C, Nürnberger T, Pruitt RN, Zhang L. Surface Sensor Systems in Plant Immunity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 182:1582-1596. [PMID: 31822506 PMCID: PMC7140916 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.01299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Protein complexes at the cell surface facilitate the detection of danger signals from diverse pathogens and initiate a series of complex intracellular signaling events that result in various immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabell Albert
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology, Eberhard Karls University, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Chenlei Hua
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology, Eberhard Karls University, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thorsten Nürnberger
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology, Eberhard Karls University, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2001, South Africa
| | - Rory N Pruitt
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology, Eberhard Karls University, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lisha Zhang
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology, Eberhard Karls University, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Li Q, Wang C, Mou Z. Perception of Damaged Self in Plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 182:1545-1565. [PMID: 31907298 PMCID: PMC7140957 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.01242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plants use specific receptor proteins on the cell surface to detect host-derived danger signals released in response to attacks by pathogens or herbivores and activate immune responses against them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - Chenggang Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - Zhonglin Mou
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
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