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Moisan MA, Lajoie G, Constant P, Martineau C, Maire V. How tree traits modulate tree methane fluxes: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 940:173730. [PMID: 38839018 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Trees can play different roles in the regulation of fluxes of methane (CH4), a greenhouse gas with a warming potential 83 times greater than that of carbon dioxide. Forest soils have the greatest potential for methane uptake compared to other land uses. In addition to their influence on soil CH4 fluxes, trees can act directly as a source or sink of CH4, by transporting CH4 produced in the soil and harbouring the key microorganisms involved in CH4 production and consumption (methanogens and methanotrophs). Tree CH4 fluxes can vary between species characterized by different traits that influence transport and modify the availability of CH4 reaction substrates as well as the habitat for methanogens and methanotrophs. Despite their important role in modulating CH4 fluxes from forest ecosystems, the identity and role of tree traits influencing these fluxes are poorly consolidated in the literature. The objectives of this paper are to 1) Review the functional traits of trees associated with their role in the regulation of CH4 emissions; 2) Assess the importance of inter-specific variability in CH4 fluxes via a global analysis of tree methane fluxes in the literature. Our review highlights that differences in CH4 fluxes between tree species and individuals can be explained by a diversity of traits influencing CH4 transport and microbial production of CH4 such as wood density and secondary metabolites. We propose a functional classification for trees based on the key traits associated with a function in CH4 emissions. We identified the fast-growing species with low wood density, species adapted to flood and species vulnerable to rot as functional groups which can be net sources of CH4 in conditions favorable to CH4 production. The global analysis further demonstrated the importance of taxonomy, with other factors such as land type and season in explaining variability in tree CH4 fluxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Ange Moisan
- Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Laurentian Forestry Centre, 1055 Rue du Peps, Québec, QC G1V 4C7, Canada; Département des Sciences de l'environnement, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Bd des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada; Centre de Recherche sur les Interactions Bassins Versants - Écosystèmes Aquatiques (RIVE), Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Bd des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada.
| | - Geneviève Lajoie
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke St E, Montréal H1X 2B2, Canada; Jardin Botanique de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke St E, Montréal H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Philippe Constant
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531 Boul des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Christine Martineau
- Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Laurentian Forestry Centre, 1055 Rue du Peps, Québec, QC G1V 4C7, Canada
| | - Vincent Maire
- Département des Sciences de l'environnement, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Bd des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada; Centre de Recherche sur les Interactions Bassins Versants - Écosystèmes Aquatiques (RIVE), Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Bd des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada
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2
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Gauci V, Pangala SR, Shenkin A, Barba J, Bastviken D, Figueiredo V, Gomez C, Enrich-Prast A, Sayer E, Stauffer T, Welch B, Elias D, McNamara N, Allen M, Malhi Y. Global atmospheric methane uptake by upland tree woody surfaces. Nature 2024; 631:796-800. [PMID: 39048683 PMCID: PMC11269171 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07592-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Methane is an important greenhouse gas1, but the role of trees in the methane budget remains uncertain2. Although it has been shown that wetland and some upland trees can emit soil-derived methane at the stem base3,4, it has also been suggested that upland trees can serve as a net sink for atmospheric methane5,6. Here we examine in situ woody surface methane exchange of upland tropical, temperate and boreal forest trees. We find that methane uptake on woody surfaces, in particular at and above about 2 m above the forest floor, can dominate the net ecosystem contribution of trees, resulting in a net tree methane sink. Stable carbon isotope measurement of methane in woody surface chamber air and process-level investigations on extracted wood cores are consistent with methanotrophy, suggesting a microbially mediated drawdown of methane on and in tree woody surfaces and tissues. By applying terrestrial laser scanning-derived allometry to quantify global forest tree woody surface area, a preliminary first estimate suggests that trees may contribute 24.6-49.9 Tg of atmospheric methane uptake globally. Our findings indicate that the climate benefits of tropical and temperate forest protection and reforestation may be greater than previously assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Gauci
- Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | | | - Alexander Shenkin
- School of Informatics, Computing and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Josep Barba
- Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - David Bastviken
- Department of Thematic Studies-Environmental Change, Linköping University, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Viviane Figueiredo
- Department of Thematic Studies-Environmental Change, Linköping University, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Carla Gomez
- School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Studies, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Alex Enrich-Prast
- Department of Thematic Studies-Environmental Change, Linköping University, Linkoping, Sweden
- Multiuser Unit of Environmental Analysis, University Federal of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Institute of Marine Science, Federal University of São Paulo (IMar/UNIFESP), Santos, Brazil
| | - Emma Sayer
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama City, Republic of Panama
- Institute of Botany, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tainá Stauffer
- Multiuser Unit of Environmental Analysis, University Federal of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bertie Welch
- School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Studies, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Dafydd Elias
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, UK
| | - Niall McNamara
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, UK
| | - Myles Allen
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Leverhulme Centre for Nature Recovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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3
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Carmichael MJ, Martinez M, Bräuer SL, Ardón M. Microbial Communities in Standing Dead Trees in Ghost Forests are Largely Aerobic, Saprophytic, and Methanotrophic. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:229. [PMID: 38896154 PMCID: PMC11186919 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03767-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Standing dead trees (snags) are recognized for their influence on methane (CH4) cycling in coastal wetlands, yet the biogeochemical processes that control the magnitude and direction of fluxes across the snag-atmosphere interface are not fully elucidated. Herein, we analyzed microbial communities and fluxes at one height from ten snags in a ghost forest wetland. Snag-atmosphere CH4 fluxes were highly variable (- 0.11-0.51 mg CH4 m-2 h-1). CH4 production was measured in three out of ten snags; whereas, CH4 consumption was measured in two out of ten snags. Potential CH4 production and oxidation in one core from each snag was assayed in vitro. A single core produced CH4 under anoxic and oxic conditions, at measured rates of 0.7 and 0.6 ng CH4 g-1 h-1, respectively. Four cores oxidized CH4 under oxic conditions, with an average rate of - 1.13 ± 0.31 ng CH4 g-1 h-1. Illumina sequencing of the V3/V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed diverse microbial communities and indicated oxidative decomposition of deadwood. Methanogens were present in 20% of the snags, with a mean relative abundance of < 0.0001%. Methanotrophs were identified in all snags, with a mean relative abundance of 2% and represented the sole CH4-cycling communities in 80% of the snags. These data indicate potential for microbial attenuation of CH4 emissions across the snag-atmosphere interface in ghost forests. A better understanding of the environmental drivers of snag-associated microbial communities is necessary to forecast the response of CH4 cycling in coastal ghost forest wetlands to a shifting coastal landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Jane Carmichael
- Departments of Biology and Environmental Studies, Hollins University, Roanoke, VA, 24020, USA.
| | - Melinda Martinez
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Laurel, MD, 20708, USA
| | - Suzanna L Bräuer
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, 28608, USA
| | - Marcelo Ardón
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
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4
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Ranniku R, Mander Ü, Escuer-Gatius J, Schindler T, Kupper P, Sellin A, Soosaar K. Dry and wet periods determine stem and soil greenhouse gas fluxes in a northern drained peatland forest. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 928:172452. [PMID: 38615757 PMCID: PMC11071052 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes from peatland soils are relatively well studied, whereas tree stem fluxes have received far less attention. Simultaneous year-long measurements of soil and tree stem GHG fluxes in northern peatland forests are scarce, as previous studies have primarily focused on the growing season. We determined the seasonal dynamics of tree stem and soil CH4, N2O and CO2 fluxes in a hemiboreal drained peatland forest. Gas samples for flux calculations were manually collected from chambers at different heights on Downy Birch (Betula pubescens) and Norway Spruce (Picea abies) trees (November 2020-December 2021) and analysed using gas chromatography. Environmental parameters were measured simultaneously with fluxes and xylem sap flow was recorded during the growing season. Birch stems played a greater role in the annual GHG dynamics than spruce stems. Birch stems were net annual CH4, N2O and CO2 sources, while spruce stems constituted a CH4 and CO2 source but a N2O sink. Soil was a net CO2 and N2O source, but a sink of CH4. Temporal dynamics of stem CH4 and N2O fluxes were driven by isolated emissions' peaks that contributed significantly to net annual fluxes. Stem CO2 efflux followed a seasonal trend coinciding with tree growth phenology. Stem CH4 dynamics were significantly affected by the changes between wetter and drier periods, while N2O was more influenced by short-term changes in soil hydrologic conditions. We showed that CH4 emitted from tree stems during the wetter period can offset nearly half of the soil sink capacity. We presented for the first time the relationship between tree stem GHG fluxes and sap flow in a peatland forest. The net CH4 flux was likely an aggregate of soil-derived and stem-produced CH4. A dominating soil source was more evident for stem N2O fluxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reti Ranniku
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 46 Vanemuise, EST-51014 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Ülo Mander
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 46 Vanemuise, EST-51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jordi Escuer-Gatius
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 5 Fr.R. Kreutzwaldi, EST-51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Thomas Schindler
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 46 Vanemuise, EST-51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Priit Kupper
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, J. Liivi 2, EST-50409 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Arne Sellin
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, J. Liivi 2, EST-50409 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kaido Soosaar
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 46 Vanemuise, EST-51014 Tartu, Estonia
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5
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Asyhari A, Gangga A, Putra CAS, Ritonga RP, Candra RA, Anshari GZ, Bowen JC, Perryman CR, Novita N. Quantifying the fluxes of carbon loss from an undrained tropical peatland ecosystem in Indonesia. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11459. [PMID: 38769331 PMCID: PMC11106321 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62233-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Conservation of undrained tropical peatland ecosystems is critical for climate change mitigation as they store a tremendous amount of soil carbon that is preserved under anoxic water-logged conditions. Unfortunately, there are too few measurements of carbon fluxes from these ecosystems to estimate the climate change mitigation potential from such conservation efforts. Here, we measured carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) fluxes as well as fluvial organic carbon export over the peat swamp forest within an undrained tropical peatland landscape in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Our measurements throughout one year (Oct 2022-Sep 2023) showed that despite its water-logged condition, peat and water overlying the swamp forest on average emits 11.02 ± 0.49 MgCO2 ha-1 yr-1 of CO2 and 0.58 ± 0.04 MgCO2e ha-1 yr-1 of CH4. Further, the fluvial organic carbon export contributes to additional carbon loss of 1.68 ± 0.06 MgCO2e ha-1 yr-1. Our results help improve the accuracy of carbon accounting from undrained tropical peatlands, where we estimated a total carbon loss of 13.28 ± 0.50 MgCO2e ha-1 yr-1. Nevertheless, the total carbon loss reported from our sites is about half than what is reported from the drained peatland landscapes in the region and resulted in a larger onsite carbon sink potential estimate compared to other undrained peat swamp forests. Together, these findings indicate that conserving the remaining undrained peatland ecosystems in Indonesia from drainage and degradation is a promising natural climate solution strategy that avoids significant carbon emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adi Gangga
- Yayasan Konservasi Alam Nusantara, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | | | | | - Gusti Z Anshari
- Magister of Environmental Science, Tanjungpura University, Pontianak, Indonesia
- Department of Soil Science, Tanjungpura University, Pontianak, Indonesia
| | - Jennifer C Bowen
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Clarice R Perryman
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nisa Novita
- Yayasan Konservasi Alam Nusantara, Jakarta, Indonesia.
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6
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Jeffrey LC, Johnston SG, Tait DR, Dittmann J, Maher DT. Rapid bark-mediated tree stem methane transport occurs independently of the transpiration stream in Melaleuca quinquenervia. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:49-60. [PMID: 37984803 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Tree stem methane emissions are important components of lowland forest methane budgets. The potential for species-specific behaviour among co-occurring lowland trees with contrasting bark characteristics has not been investigated. We compare bark-mediated methane transport in two common lowland species of contrasting bark characteristics (Melaleuca quinquenervia featuring spongy/layered bark with longitudinally continuous airspaces and Casuarina glauca featuring hard/dense common bark) through several manipulative experiments. First, the progressive cutting through M. quinquenervia bark layers caused exponential increases in methane fluxes (c. 3 orders of magnitude); however, sapwood-only fluxes were lower, suggesting that upward/axial methane transport occurs between bark layers. Second, concentrated methane pulse-injections into exposed M. quinquenervia bark, revealed rapid axial methane transport rates (1.42 mm s-1 ), which were further supported through laboratory-simulated experiments (1.41 mm s-1 ). Laboratory-simulated radial CH4 diffusion rates (through bark) were c. 20-times slower. Finally, girdling M. quinquenervia stems caused a near-instantaneous decrease in methane flux immediately above the cut. By contrast, girdling C. glauca displayed persistent, though diminished, methane fluxes. Overall, the experiments revealed evidence for rapid 'between-bark' methane transport independent from the transpiration stream in M. quinquenervia, which facilitates diffusive axial transport from the rhizosphere and/or sapwood sources. This contrasts with the slower, radial 'through-bark' diffusive-dominated gas transportation in C. glauca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke C Jeffrey
- School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
| | - Scott G Johnston
- School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
| | - Douglas R Tait
- School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
| | - Johannes Dittmann
- School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
| | - Damien T Maher
- School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
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7
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Liao X, Wang Y, Malghani S, Zhu X, Cai W, Qin Z, Wang F. Methane and nitrous oxide emissions and related microbial communities from mangrove stems on Qi'ao Island, Pearl River Estuary in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 915:170062. [PMID: 38220023 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Mangrove forests, crucial carbon-rich ecosystems, are increasingly vulnerable to soil carbon loss and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions due to human disturbance. However, the contribution of mangrove trees to GHG emissions remains poorly understood. This study monitored CO2, CH4, and N2O fluxes from the stems of two mangrove species, native Kandelia obovata (KO) and exotic Sonneratia apetala (SA), at three heights (0.7 m, 1.2 m, and 1.7 m) during the dry winter period on Qi'ao Island, Pearl River Estuary, China. Heartwood samples were analyzed to identify potential functional groups related to gas fluxes. Our study found that tree stems acted as both sinks and sources for N2O (ranging from -9.49 to 28.35 μg m-2 h-1 for KO and from -6.73 to 28.95 μg m-2 h-1 for SA) and CH4. SA exhibited significantly higher stem CH4 flux (from -26.67 to 97.33 μg m-2 h-1) compared to KO (from -44.13 to 88.0 μg m-2 h-1) (P < 0.05). When upscaled to the community level, both species were net emitters of CH4, contributing approximately 4.68 % (KO) and 0.51 % (SA) to total CH4 emissions. The decrease in stem CH4 flux with increasing height, indicates a soil source. Microbial analysis in the heartwood using the KEGG database indicated aceticlastic methanogenesis as the dominant CH4 pathway. The presence of methanogens, methanotrophs, denitrifiers, and nitrifiers suggests microbial involvement in CH4 and N2O production and consumption. Remarkably, the dominance of Cyanobacteria in the heartwood microbiome (with the relative abundance of 97.5 ± 0.6 % for KO and 99.1 ± 0.2 % for SA) implies roles in carbon and nitrogen fixation for mangroves coping with nitrogen limitation in coastal wetlands, and possibly in CH4 production. Although the present study has limitations in sampling duration and area, it highlights the significant role of tree stems in GHG emissions which is crucial for a holistic evaluation of the global carbon sequestration capability of mangrove ecosystems. Future research should broaden spatial and temporal scales to enhance the accuracy of upscaling tree stem gas fluxes to the mangrove ecosystem level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Liao
- College of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, Guangdong, China
| | - Saadatullah Malghani
- College of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China; Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xudong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of the Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems (Ministry of Education), College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Fuzhou 350008, Fujian, China
| | - Wenqi Cai
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhangcai Qin
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System, Ministry of Education, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Fan Wang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System, Ministry of Education, Zhuhai 519082, China; School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, Guangdong, China.
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8
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Määttä T, Malhotra A. The hidden roots of wetland methane emissions. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17127. [PMID: 38337165 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Wetlands are the largest natural source of methane (CH4 ) globally. Climate and land use change are expected to alter CH4 emissions but current and future wetland CH4 budgets remain uncertain. One important predictor of wetland CH4 flux, plants, play an important role in providing substrates for CH4 -producing microbes, increasing CH4 consumption by oxygenating the rhizosphere, and transporting CH4 from soils to the atmosphere. Yet, there remain various mechanistic knowledge gaps regarding the extent to which plant root systems and their traits influence wetland CH4 emissions. Here, we present a novel conceptual framework of the relationships between a range of root traits and CH4 processes in wetlands. Based on a literature review, we propose four main CH4 -relevant categories of root function: gas transport, carbon substrate provision, physicochemical influences and root system architecture. Within these categories, we discuss how individual root traits influence CH4 production, consumption, and transport (PCT). Our findings reveal knowledge gaps concerning trait functions in physicochemical influences, and the role of mycorrhizae and temporal root dynamics in PCT. We also identify priority research needs such as integrating trait measurements from different root function categories, measuring root-CH4 linkages along environmental gradients, and following standardized root ecology protocols and vocabularies. Thus, our conceptual framework identifies relevant belowground plant traits that will help improve wetland CH4 predictions and reduce uncertainties in current and future wetland CH4 budgets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiia Määttä
- Department of Geography, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Avni Malhotra
- Department of Geography, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
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9
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Barba J, Brewer PE, Pangala SR, Machacova K. Methane emissions from tree stems - current knowledge and challenges: an introduction to a Virtual Issue. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:1377-1380. [PMID: 38267825 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
This article is a Commentary on the Virtual Issue ‘Methane emissions from tree stems – current knowledge and challenges’ that includes the following papers: Barba et al. (2019), Bréchet et al. (2021), Covey & Megonigal (2019), Feng et al. (2022), Flanagan et al. (2021), Jeffrey et al. (2019, 2021, 2023), Kohl et al. (2019), Machacova et al. (2021a,b, 2023), Megonigal et al. (2020), Pangala et al. (2013, 2014), Pitz & Megonigal (2017), Plain et al. (2019), Putkinen et al. (2021), Sjögersten et al. (2020), Takahashi et al. (2022), Tenhovirta et al. (2022), Wang et al. (2016), and Yip et al. (2018). Access the Virtual Issue at www.newphytologist.com/virtualissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Barba
- CREAF, E-08193, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain
- Universitat de Girona, E-17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Paul E Brewer
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 84287, USA
| | - Sunitha R Pangala
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Katerina Machacova
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-60300, Brno, Czech Republic
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10
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Anttila J, Tikkasalo OP, Hölttä T, Lintunen A, Vainio E, Leppä K, Haikarainen IP, Koivula H, Ghasemi Falk H, Kohl L, Launiainen S, Pihlatie M. Model of methane transport in tree stems: Case study of sap flow and radial diffusion. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:140-155. [PMID: 37712449 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The transport processes of methane (CH4 ) in tree stems remain largely unknown, although they are critical in assessing the whole-forest CH4 dynamics. We used a physically based dynamic model to study the spatial and diurnal dynamics of stem CH4 transport and fluxes. We parameterised the model using data from laboratory experiments with Pinus sylvestris and Betula pendula and compared the model to experimental data from a field study. Stem CH4 flux in laboratory and field conditions were explained by the axial advective CH4 transport from soil with xylem sap flow and the radial CH4 diffusion through the stem conditions. Diffusion resistance caused by the bark permeability did not significantly affect gas transport or stem CH4 flux in the laboratory experiments. The role of axial diffusion of CH4 in trees was unresolved and requires further studies. Due to the transit time of CH4 in the stem, the diurnal dynamics of stem CH4 fluxes can deviate markedly from the diurnal dynamics of sap flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jani Anttila
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Forest Sciences, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli-Pekka Tikkasalo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Forest Sciences, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teemu Hölttä
- Department of Forest Sciences, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Lintunen
- Department of Forest Sciences, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Physics, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elisa Vainio
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Forest Sciences, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kersti Leppä
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Iikka P Haikarainen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Forest Sciences, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Koivula
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science, HELSUS, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Homa Ghasemi Falk
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lukas Kohl
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Forest Sciences, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Mari Pihlatie
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Forest Sciences, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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11
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Jovani‐Sancho AJ, O'Reilly P, Anshari G, Chong XY, Crout N, Evans CD, Evers S, Gan JY, Gibbins CN, Gusmayanti E, Jamaludin J, Jaya A, Page S, Yosep Y, Upton C, Wilson P, Sjögersten S. CH 4 and N 2 O emissions from smallholder agricultural systems on tropical peatlands in Southeast Asia. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:4279-4297. [PMID: 37100767 PMCID: PMC10946781 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
There are limited data for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from smallholder agricultural systems in tropical peatlands, with data for non-CO2 emissions from human-influenced tropical peatlands particularly scarce. The aim of this study was to quantify soil CH4 and N2 O fluxes from smallholder agricultural systems on tropical peatlands in Southeast Asia and assess their environmental controls. The study was carried out in four regions in Malaysia and Indonesia. CH4 and N2 O fluxes and environmental parameters were measured in cropland, oil palm plantation, tree plantation and forest. Annual CH4 emissions (in kg CH4 ha-1 year-1 ) were: 70.7 ± 29.5, 2.1 ± 1.2, 2.1 ± 0.6 and 6.2 ± 1.9 at the forest, tree plantation, oil palm and cropland land-use classes, respectively. Annual N2 O emissions (in kg N2 O ha-1 year-1 ) were: 6.5 ± 2.8, 3.2 ± 1.2, 21.9 ± 11.4 and 33.6 ± 7.3 in the same order as above, respectively. Annual CH4 emissions were strongly determined by water table depth (WTD) and increased exponentially when annual WTD was above -25 cm. In contrast, annual N2 O emissions were strongly correlated with mean total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) in soil water, following a sigmoidal relationship, up to an apparent threshold of 10 mg N L-1 beyond which TDN seemingly ceased to be limiting for N2 O production. The new emissions data for CH4 and N2 O presented here should help to develop more robust country level 'emission factors' for the quantification of national GHG inventory reporting. The impact of TDN on N2 O emissions suggests that soil nutrient status strongly impacts emissions, and therefore, policies which reduce N-fertilisation inputs might contribute to emissions mitigation from agricultural peat landscapes. However, the most important policy intervention for reducing emissions is one that reduces the conversion of peat swamp forest to agriculture on peatlands in the first place.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick O'Reilly
- School of Geography, Geology & the EnvironmentUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterUK
- School of Biological and Environmental SciencesLiverpool John Mores UniversityLiverpoolUK
| | - Gusti Anshari
- Magister of Environmental ScienceUniversitas TanjungpuraPontianakIndonesia
- Soil Science DepartmentUniversitas TanjungpuraPontianakIndonesia
| | - Xin Yi Chong
- School of Environmental and Geographical SciencesUniversity of Nottingham MalaysiaSemenyihMalaysia
| | - Neil Crout
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of NottinghamLoughboroughUK
| | | | - Stephanie Evers
- School of Biological and Environmental SciencesLiverpool John Mores UniversityLiverpoolUK
- School of Environmental and Geographical SciencesUniversity of Nottingham MalaysiaSemenyihMalaysia
| | - Jing Ye Gan
- School of Environmental and Geographical SciencesUniversity of Nottingham MalaysiaSemenyihMalaysia
| | - Christopher N. Gibbins
- School of Environmental and Geographical SciencesUniversity of Nottingham MalaysiaSemenyihMalaysia
| | - Evi Gusmayanti
- Magister of Environmental ScienceUniversitas TanjungpuraPontianakIndonesia
- Agrotechnology DepartmentUniversitas TanjungpuraPontianakIndonesia
| | | | - Adi Jaya
- Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of Palangka RayaPalangka RayaIndonesia
| | - Susan Page
- School of Geography, Geology & the EnvironmentUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterUK
| | - Yosep Yosep
- Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of Palangka RayaPalangka RayaIndonesia
| | - Caroline Upton
- School of Geography, Geology & the EnvironmentUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterUK
| | - Paul Wilson
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of NottinghamLoughboroughUK
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12
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Ge M, Korrensalo A, Laiho R, Lohila A, Makiranta P, Pihlatie M, Tuittila ES, Kohl L, Putkinen A, Koskinen M. Plant phenology and species-specific traits control plant CH 4 emissions in a northern boreal fen. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:1019-1032. [PMID: 36751911 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Aerenchymatic transport is an important mechanism through which plants affect methane (CH4 ) emissions from peatlands. Controlling environmental factors and the effects of plant phenology remain, however, uncertain. We identified factors controlling seasonal CH4 flux rate and investigated transport efficiency (flux rate per unit of rhizospheric porewater CH4 concentration). We measured CH4 fluxes through individual shoots of Carex rostrata, Menyanthes trifoliata, Betula nana and Salix lapponum throughout growing seasons in 2020 and 2021 and Equisetum fluviatile and Comarum palustre in high summer 2021 along with water-table level, peat temperature and porewater CH4 concentration. CH4 flux rate of C. rostrata was related to plant phenology and peat temperature. Flux rates of M. trifoliata and shrubs B. nana and S. lapponum were insensitive to the investigated environmental variables. In high summer, flux rate and efficiency were highest for C. rostrata (6.86 mg m-2 h-1 and 0.36 mg m-2 h-1 (μmol l-1 )-1 , respectively). Menyanthes trifoliata showed a high flux rate, but limited efficiency. Low flux rates and efficiency were detected for the remaining species. Knowledge of the species-specific CH4 flux rate and their different responses to plant phenology and environmental factors can significantly improve the estimation of ecosystem-scale CH4 dynamics in boreal peatlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Ge
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Aino Korrensalo
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 111, Joensuu, 80101, Finland
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, PO Box 2, Helsinki, 00791, Finland
| | - Raija Laiho
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, PO Box 2, Helsinki, 00791, Finland
| | - Annalea Lohila
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, PO Box 503, Helsinki, 00560, Finland
| | - Päivi Makiranta
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, PO Box 2, Helsinki, 00791, Finland
| | - Mari Pihlatie
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 4, Helsinki, 00560, Finland
| | - Eeva-Stiina Tuittila
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 111, Joensuu, 80101, Finland
| | - Lukas Kohl
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 4, Helsinki, 00560, Finland
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
| | - Anuliina Putkinen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 4, Helsinki, 00560, Finland
| | - Markku Koskinen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 4, Helsinki, 00560, Finland
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13
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Machacova K, Warlo H, Svobodová K, Agyei T, Uchytilová T, Horáček P, Lang F. Methane emission from stems of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) offsets as much as half of methane oxidation in soil. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:584-597. [PMID: 36631959 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Trees are known to be atmospheric methane (CH4 ) emitters. Little is known about seasonal dynamics of tree CH4 fluxes and relationships to environmental conditions. That prevents the correct estimation of net annual tree and forest CH4 exchange. We aimed to explore the contribution of stem emissions to forest CH4 exchange. We determined seasonal CH4 fluxes of mature European beech (Fagus sylvatica) stems and adjacent soil in a typical temperate beech forest of the White Carpathians with high spatial heterogeneity in soil moisture. The beech stems were net annual CH4 sources, whereas the soil was a net CH4 sink. High CH4 emitters showed clear seasonality in their stem CH4 emissions that followed stem CO2 efflux. Elevated CH4 fluxes were detected during the vegetation season. Observed high spatial variability in stem CH4 emissions was neither explicably by soil CH4 exchange nor by CH4 concentrations, water content, or temperature studied in soil profiles near each measured tree. The stem CH4 emissions offset the soil CH4 uptake by up to 46.5% and on average by 13% on stand level. In Central Europe, widely grown beech contributes markedly to seasonal dynamics of ecosystem CH4 exchange. Its contribution should be included into forest greenhouse gas flux inventories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Machacova
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 4a Belidla, CZ-60300, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hannes Warlo
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 4a Belidla, CZ-60300, Brno, Czech Republic
- Chair of Soil Ecology, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Bertoldstrasse 17, DE-79098, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kateřina Svobodová
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 4a Belidla, CZ-60300, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Thomas Agyei
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 4a Belidla, CZ-60300, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Environmental Management, School of Natural Resources, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Box 214, Sunyani, Ghana
| | - Tereza Uchytilová
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 4a Belidla, CZ-60300, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Horáček
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 4a Belidla, CZ-60300, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Friederike Lang
- Chair of Soil Ecology, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Bertoldstrasse 17, DE-79098, Freiburg, Germany
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14
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Ueyama M, Knox SH, Delwiche KB, Bansal S, Riley WJ, Baldocchi D, Hirano T, McNicol G, Schafer K, Windham-Myers L, Poulter B, Jackson RB, Chang KY, Chen J, Chu H, Desai AR, Gogo S, Iwata H, Kang M, Mammarella I, Peichl M, Sonnentag O, Tuittila ES, Ryu Y, Euskirchen ES, Göckede M, Jacotot A, Nilsson MB, Sachs T. Modeled production, oxidation, and transport processes of wetland methane emissions in temperate, boreal, and Arctic regions. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:2313-2334. [PMID: 36630533 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Wetlands are the largest natural source of methane (CH4 ) to the atmosphere. The eddy covariance method provides robust measurements of net ecosystem exchange of CH4 , but interpreting its spatiotemporal variations is challenging due to the co-occurrence of CH4 production, oxidation, and transport dynamics. Here, we estimate these three processes using a data-model fusion approach across 25 wetlands in temperate, boreal, and Arctic regions. Our data-constrained model-iPEACE-reasonably reproduced CH4 emissions at 19 of the 25 sites with normalized root mean square error of 0.59, correlation coefficient of 0.82, and normalized standard deviation of 0.87. Among the three processes, CH4 production appeared to be the most important process, followed by oxidation in explaining inter-site variations in CH4 emissions. Based on a sensitivity analysis, CH4 emissions were generally more sensitive to decreased water table than to increased gross primary productivity or soil temperature. For periods with leaf area index (LAI) of ≥20% of its annual peak, plant-mediated transport appeared to be the major pathway for CH4 transport. Contributions from ebullition and diffusion were relatively high during low LAI (<20%) periods. The lag time between CH4 production and CH4 emissions tended to be short in fen sites (3 ± 2 days) and long in bog sites (13 ± 10 days). Based on a principal component analysis, we found that parameters for CH4 production, plant-mediated transport, and diffusion through water explained 77% of the variance in the parameters across the 19 sites, highlighting the importance of these parameters for predicting wetland CH4 emissions across biomes. These processes and associated parameters for CH4 emissions among and within the wetlands provide useful insights for interpreting observed net CH4 fluxes, estimating sensitivities to biophysical variables, and modeling global CH4 fluxes.
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Grants
- JPMXD1420318865 Arctic Challenge for Sustainability II
- 1936752 Arctic Observatory Program of the National Science Foundation
- 1503912 Arctic Observatory Program of the National Science Foundation
- 1107892 Arctic Observatory Program of the National Science Foundation
- NSF DEB-1026415 Bonanza Creek Long-Term Ecological Research Program funded by the National Science Foundation
- DEB-1636476 Bonanza Creek Long-Term Ecological Research Program funded by the National Science Foundation
- California Department of Water Resources, CA Fish and Wildlife
- Canada Research Chairs, Canada Foundation for Innovation Leaders Opportunity Fund
- 3119871 ICOS-Finland
- 20K21849 JSPS KAKENHI
- 2022003640002 Ministry of Environment of Korea
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Discovery Grant Programs
- NSF LTREB 2011276 NSF Long-Term Research in Environmental Biology Program
- Reducing Uncertainties in Biogeochemical Interactions through Synthesis and Computation (RUBISCO) Scientific Focus Area, Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science
- PJ014892022022 Rural Development Administration
- SNO Tourbières, CNRS-INSU
- DE-AC02-05CH11231 U.S. Department of Energy
- U.S. Geological Survey, Ecosystems Mission Area, Land Change Science Program
- 7544821 US DOE Ameriflux
- Order 224 US Geological Survey, Research Work
- VH-NG-821 Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres
- 341348 Academy of Finland project N-PERM
- 101056921 Horizon Europe project GreenFeedBack
- U.S. Geological Survey, John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis
- U.S. Geological Survey, Water Mission Area, Earth Systems Processes Division
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Ueyama
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Japan
| | - Sara H Knox
- Department of Geography, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Kyle B Delwiche
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy & Management, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Sheel Bansal
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, North Dakota, USA
| | - William J Riley
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Dennis Baldocchi
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy & Management, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Takashi Hirano
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Gavin McNicol
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Karina Schafer
- Department of Earth and Env Science, Rutgers University Newark, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Benjamin Poulter
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert B Jackson
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Kuang-Yu Chang
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Jiquen Chen
- Department of Geography, Environment, and Spatial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Housen Chu
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Ankur R Desai
- Dept of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sébastien Gogo
- ECOBIO (Écosystèmes, Biodiversité, Évolution), Université Rennes 1, CNRS UMR 6553, Rennes, France
| | - Hiroki Iwata
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Minseok Kang
- National Center for Agro Meteorology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ivan Mammarella
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matthias Peichl
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Oliver Sonnentag
- Université de Montréal, Département de géographie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Youngryel Ryu
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Rural Systems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eugénie S Euskirchen
- University of Alaska Fairbanks, Institute of Arctic Biology, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA
| | - Mathias Göckede
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Department of Biogeochemical Signals, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Mats B Nilsson
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Torsten Sachs
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, Potsdam, Germany
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15
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Busman NA, Melling L, Goh KJ, Imran Y, Sangok FE, Watanabe A. Soil CO 2 and CH 4 fluxes from different forest types in tropical peat swamp forest. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159973. [PMID: 36347298 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Information on temporal and spatial variations in soil greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes from tropical peat forests is essential to predict the influence of climate change and estimate the effects of land use on global warming and the carbon (C) cycle. To obtain such basic information, soil carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) fluxes, together with soil physicochemical properties and environmental variables, were measured at three major forest types in the Maludam National Park, Sarawak, Malaysia, for eight years, and their relationships were analyzed. Annual soil CO2 fluxes ranged from 860 to 1450 g C m⁻2 yr⁻1 without overall significant differences between the three forest sites, while soil CH4 fluxes, 1.2-10.8 g C m⁻2 yr⁻1, differed. Differences in GHG fluxes between dry and rainy seasons were not necessarily significant, corresponding to the extent of seasonal variation in groundwater level (GWL). The lack of significant differences in soil CO2 fluxes between the three sites could be attributed to set-off between the negative and positive effects of the decomposability of soil organic matter as estimated by pyrophosphate solubility index (PSI) and GWL. The impact of El-Niño on annual CO2 flux also varied between the sites. The variation in soil CH4 fluxes from the three sites was enhanced by variations in temperature, GWL, PSI, and soil iron (Fe) content. A positive correlation was observed between the annual CH4 flux and GWL at only one site, and the influence of soil properties was more pronounced at the site with the lowest GWL and the highest PSI. Variation in annual CH4 fluxes was controlled more strongly by temperature where GWL was the highest and GWL and plant growth fluctuations were the least. Inter-annual variations in soil CO2 and CH4 fluxes confirmed the importance of long-term monitoring of these at multiple sites supporting different forest types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Azima Busman
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; Sarawak Tropical Peat Research Institute, Lot 6035, Kuching-Kota Samarahan Expressway, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - Lulie Melling
- Sarawak Tropical Peat Research Institute, Lot 6035, Kuching-Kota Samarahan Expressway, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Kah Joo Goh
- Advanced Agriecological Research Sdn Bhd, Kota Damansara, Petaling Jaya 47810, Malaysia
| | - Yazid Imran
- Sarawak Tropical Peat Research Institute, Lot 6035, Kuching-Kota Samarahan Expressway, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Faustina E Sangok
- Sarawak Tropical Peat Research Institute, Lot 6035, Kuching-Kota Samarahan Expressway, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Akira Watanabe
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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16
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Han M, Feng H, Peng C, Lei X, Xue J, Malghani S, Ma X, Song X, Wang W. Spatiotemporal patterns and drivers of stem methane flux from two poplar forests with different soil textures. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:2454-2467. [PMID: 35870127 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In forest ecosystems, the majority of methane (CH4) research focuses on soils, whereas tree stem CH4 flux and driving factors remain poorly understood. We measured the in situ stem CH4 flux using the static chamber-gas chromatography method at different heights in two poplar (Populus spp.) forests with separate soil textures. We evaluated the relationship between stem CH4 fluxes and environmental factors with linear mixed models and estimated the tree CH4 emission rate at the stand level. Our results showed that poplar stems were a net source of atmospheric CH4. The mean stem CH4 emission rates were 97.51 ± 6.21 μg·m-2·h-1 in Sihong and 67.04 ± 5.64 μg·m-2·h-1 in Dongtai. The stem CH4 emission rate in Sihong with clay loam soils was significantly higher (P < 0.001) than that in Dongtai with sandy loam soils. The stem CH4 emission rate also showed a seasonal variation, minimum in winter and maximum in summer. The stem CH4 emission rate generally decreased with increasing sampling height. Although the differences in CH4 emission rates between stem heights were significant in the annual averages, these differences were driven by differences observed in the summer. Stem CH4 emission rates were significantly and positively correlated with air temperature (P < 0.001), relative humidity (P < 0.001), soil water content (P < 0.001) and soil CH4 flux (P < 0.001). At these sites, the soil emitted CH4 to the atmosphere in summer (mainly from June to September) but absorbed CH4 from the atmosphere during the other season. At the stand level, tree CH4 emissions accounted for 2-35.4% of soil CH4 uptake. Overall, tree stem CH4 efflux could be an important component of the forest CH4 budget. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct more in situ monitoring of stem CH4 flux to accurately estimate the CH4 budget in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghua Han
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Huili Feng
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Changhui Peng
- School of Geographic Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
- Department of Biology Sciences, Institute of Environment Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Xiangdong Lei
- Institute of Forest Resource Information Techniques, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Jianhui Xue
- Institute of Botany Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
| | - Saadatullah Malghani
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Xuehong Ma
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Xinzhang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Weifeng Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
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17
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Fraser-McDonald A, Boardman C, Gladding T, Burnley S, Gauci V. Methane emissions from trees planted on a closed landfill site. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2022; 40:1618-1628. [PMID: 35380070 PMCID: PMC9580030 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x221086955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Trees have morphological adaptations that allow methane (CH4) generated below ground to bypass oxidation in aerobic surface soils. This natural phenomenon however has not been measured in a landfill context where planted trees may alter the composition and magnitude of CH4 fluxes from the surface. To address this research gap, we measured tree stem and soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (CH4 and CO2) from a closed UK landfill and comparable natural site, using an off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy analyser and flux chambers. Analyses showed average CH4 stem fluxes from the landfill and non-landfill sites were 31.8 ± 24.4 µg m-2 h-1 and -0.3 ± 0.2 µg m-2 h-1, respectively. The landfill site showed seasonal patterns in CH4 and CO2 stem emissions, but no significant patterns were observed in CH4 and CO2 fluxes at different stem heights or between tree species. Tree stem emissions accounted for 39% of the total CH4 surface flux (7% of the CO2); a previously unknown contribution that should be included in future carbon assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Fraser-McDonald
- School of Engineering and Innovation, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Carl Boardman
- School of Engineering and Innovation, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Toni Gladding
- School of Engineering and Innovation, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Stephen Burnley
- School of Engineering and Innovation, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Vincent Gauci
- Birmingham Institute of Forest Research (BIFoR), School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
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Variability in Stem Methane Emissions and Wood Methane Production of Tree Different Species in a Cold Temperate Mountain Forest. Ecosystems 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-022-00795-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Fraser-McDonald A, Boardman C, Gladding T, Burnley S, Gauci V. Methane emissions from forested closed landfill sites: Variations between tree species and landfill management practices. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156019. [PMID: 35595131 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Trees in natural and managed environments can act as conduits for the transportation of methane (CH4) from below ground to the atmosphere, bypassing oxidation in aerobic surface soils. Tree stem emissions from landfill sites exhibit large temporal and spatial variability in temperate environments and can account for approximately 40% of the total surface CH4 flux. Emission variability was further investigated in this study by measuring CH4 and CO2 fluxes from landfill sites with different management strategies and varying tree species over a 7-month period. Stem and soil measurements were obtained using flux chambers and an off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy analyser. Analysis showed average stem and soil CH4 emissions varied significantly (p < 0.01) between landfills with different management practices. On average, tree stem CH4 fluxes from sites with no clay cap but gas extraction, clay cap and gas extraction, and no clay cap and no gas extraction were 1.4 ± 0.4 μg m-2 h-1, 47.2 ± 19.0 μg m-2 h-1, and 111.9 ± 165.1 μg m-2 h-1, respectively. There was no difference in stem CH4 fluxes between species at each site, suggesting environmental conditions (waterlogging) and site age had a greater influence on both stem and soil fluxes. These results highlight the importance of management practices, and the resultant environmental conditions, in determining CH4 emissions from historic landfill sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fraser-McDonald
- School of Engineering and Innovation, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK.
| | - C Boardman
- School of Engineering and Innovation, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - T Gladding
- School of Engineering and Innovation, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - S Burnley
- School of Engineering and Innovation, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - V Gauci
- Birmingham Institute of Forest Research (BIFoR), School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
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20
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Takahashi K, Sakabe A, Azuma WA, Itoh M, Imai T, Matsumura Y, Tateishi M, Kosugi Y. Insights into the mechanism of diurnal variations in methane emission from the stem surfaces of Alnus japonica. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:1757-1766. [PMID: 35835139 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that in certain environments, tree stems emit methane (CH4 ). This study explored the mechanism of CH4 emission from the stem surfaces of Alnus japonica in a riparian wetland. Stem CH4 emission rates and sap flux were monitored year-round, and fine-root anatomy was investigated. CH4 emission rates were estimated using a closed-chamber method. Sap flux was measured using Granier-type thermal dissipation probes. Root anatomy was studied using both optical and cryo-scanning electron microscopy. CH4 emissions during the leafy season exhibited a diurnally changing component superimposed upon an underlying continuum in which the diurnal variation was in phase with sap flux. We propose a model in which stem CH4 emission involves at least two processes: a sap flux-dependent component responsible for the diurnal changes, and a sap flux-independent component responsible for the background continuum. The contribution ratios of the two processes are season-dependent. The background continuum possibly resulted from the diffusive transport of gaseous CH4 from the roots to the upper trunk. Root anatomy analysis indicated that the intercellular space of the cortex and empty xylem cells in fine roots could serve as a passageway for transport of gaseous CH4 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenshi Takahashi
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Ayaka Sakabe
- The Hakubi Center, Kyoto University, Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Wakana A Azuma
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Masayuki Itoh
- School of Human Science and Environment, University of Hyogo, Himeji, 670-0092, Japan
| | - Tomoya Imai
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yasuki Matsumura
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Makiko Tateishi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Kosugi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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21
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Tenhovirta SAM, Kohl L, Koskinen M, Patama M, Lintunen A, Zanetti A, Lilja R, Pihlatie M. Solar radiation drives methane emissions from the shoots of Scots pine. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:66-77. [PMID: 35342950 PMCID: PMC9325065 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plants are recognized as sources of aerobically produced methane (CH4 ), but the seasonality, environmental drivers and significance of CH4 emissions from the canopies of evergreen boreal trees remain poorly understood. We measured the CH4 fluxes from the shoots of Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine) and Picea abies (Norway spruce) saplings in a static, non-steady-state chamber setup to investigate if the shoots of boreal conifers are a source of CH4 during spring. We found that the shoots of Scots pine emitted CH4 and these emissions correlated with the photosynthetically active radiation. For Norway spruce, the evidence for CH4 emissions from the shoots was inconclusive. Our study shows that the canopies of evergreen boreal trees are a potential source of CH4 in the spring and that these emissions are driven by a temperature-by-light interaction effect of solar radiation either directly or indirectly through its effects on tree physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salla A. M. Tenhovirta
- Department of Agricultural SciencesEnvironmental Soil ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiPO Box 56Helsinki00014Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinki00560Finland
| | - Lukas Kohl
- Department of Agricultural SciencesEnvironmental Soil ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiPO Box 56Helsinki00014Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinki00560Finland
| | - Markku Koskinen
- Department of Agricultural SciencesEnvironmental Soil ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiPO Box 56Helsinki00014Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinki00560Finland
| | - Marjo Patama
- Department of Agricultural SciencesEnvironmental Soil ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiPO Box 56Helsinki00014Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinki00560Finland
| | - Anna Lintunen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinki00560Finland
- Department of Forest SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiPO Box 27Helsinki00014Finland
| | - Alessandro Zanetti
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinki00560Finland
- Department of Forest SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiPO Box 27Helsinki00014Finland
| | - Rauna Lilja
- Department of Agricultural SciencesEnvironmental Soil ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiPO Box 56Helsinki00014Finland
| | - Mari Pihlatie
- Department of Agricultural SciencesEnvironmental Soil ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiPO Box 56Helsinki00014Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinki00560Finland
- Department of Agricultural SciencesViikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS)University of HelsinkiHelsinki00014Finland
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22
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Sa'adi Z, Yaseen ZM, Muhammad MKI, Iqbal Z. On the prediction of methane fluxes from pristine tropical peatland in Sarawak: application of a denitrification-decomposition (DNDC) model. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:30724-30738. [PMID: 34993788 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17917-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tropical peatlands have high potential function as a major source of atmospheric methane (CH4) and can contribute to global warming due to their large soil carbon stock, high groundwater level (GWL), high humidity and high temperature. In this study, a process-based denitrification-decomposition (DNDC) model was used to simulate CH4 fluxes in a pristine tropical peatland in Sarawak. To test the accuracy of the model, eddy covariance tower datasets were compared. The model was validated for the year 2014, which showed the good performance of the model for simulating CH4 emissions. The monthly predictive ability of the model was better than the daily predictive ability, with a determination coefficient (R2) of 0.67, model error (ME) of 2.47, root mean square error (RMSE) of 3.33, mean absolute error (MAE) of 2.92 and mean square error (MSE) of 11.08. The simulated years of 2015 and 2016 showed the good performance of the DNDC model, although under- and overestimations were found during the drier and rainy months. Similarly, the monthly simulations for the year were better than the daily simulations for the year, showing good correlations at R2 at 0.84 (2015) and 0.87 (2016). Better statistical performance in terms of monthly ME, RMSE, MAE and MSE at - 0.11, 3.38, 3.05 and 11.45 for 2015 and - 1.14, 5.28, 4.93 and 27.83 for 2016, respectively, was also observed. Although the statistical performance of the model simulation for daily average CH4 fluxes was lower than that of the monthly average, we found that the results for total fluxes agreed well between the observed and the simulated values (E = 6.79% and difference = 3.3%). Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that CH4, GWL and rainfall were correlated with each other and explained 41.7% of the total variation. GWL was found to be relatively important in determining the CH4 fluxes in the naturally inundated pristine tropical peatland. These results suggest that GWL is an essential input variable for the DNDC model for predicting CH4 fluxes from the pristine tropical peatland in Sarawak on a monthly basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulfaqar Sa'adi
- Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Water Security (IPASA), School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM, Sekudai, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Zaher Mundher Yaseen
- Department of Urban Planning, Engineering Networks and Systems, Institute of Architecture and Construction, South Ural State University, 76, Lenin Prospect, 454080, Chelyabinsk, Russia.
- New Era and Development in Civil Engineering Research Group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, 64001, Iraq.
- College of Creative Design, Asia University, Taichung City, Taiwan.
| | - Mohd Khairul Idlan Muhammad
- Department of Water and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310, Bahru Johor, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- Department of Water and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310, Bahru Johor, Johor, Malaysia
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23
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24
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Mander Ü, Krasnova A, Schindler T, Megonigal JP, Escuer-Gatius J, Espenberg M, Machacova K, Maddison M, Pärn J, Ranniku R, Pihlatie M, Kasak K, Niinemets Ü, Soosaar K. Long-term dynamics of soil, tree stem and ecosystem methane fluxes in a riparian forest. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 809:151723. [PMID: 34801507 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The carbon (C) budgets of riparian forests are sensitive to climatic variability. Therefore, riparian forests are hot spots of C cycling in landscapes. Only a limited number of studies on continuous measurements of methane (CH4) fluxes from riparian forests is available. Here, we report continuous high-frequency soil and ecosystem (eddy-covariance; EC) measurements of CH4 fluxes with a quantum cascade laser absorption spectrometer for a 2.5-year period and measurements of CH4 fluxes from tree stems using manual chambers for a 1.5 year period from a temperate riparian Alnus incana forest. The results demonstrate that the riparian forest is a minor net annual sink of CH4 consuming 0.24 kg CH4-C ha-1 y-1. Soil water content is the most important determinant of soil, stem, and EC fluxes, followed by soil temperature. There were significant differences in CH4 fluxes between the wet and dry periods. During the wet period, 83% of CH4 was emitted from the tree stems while the ecosystem-level emission was equal to the sum of soil and stem emissions. During the dry period, CH4 was substantially consumed in the soil whereas stem emissions were very low. A significant difference between the EC fluxes and the sum of soil and stem fluxes during the dry period is most likely caused by emission from the canopy whereas at the ecosystem level the forest was a clear CH4 sink. Our results together with past measurements of CH4 fluxes in other riparian forests suggest that temperate riparian forests can be long-term CH4 sinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ülo Mander
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia; Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Department of Ecosystem Trace Gas Exchange, Belidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Alisa Krasnova
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia; Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Thomas Schindler
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia; Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Department of Ecosystem Trace Gas Exchange, Belidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - J Patrick Megonigal
- Smithsonian Environmental Institute, 647 Contees Wharf Road Edgewater, MD 21037-0028, USA
| | - Jordi Escuer-Gatius
- Institute of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mikk Espenberg
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Katerina Machacova
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia; Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Department of Ecosystem Trace Gas Exchange, Belidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Maddison
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jaan Pärn
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Reti Ranniku
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mari Pihlatie
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Environmental Soil Sciences, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 7, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR) / Forest Science, University of Helsinki, Physicum, Kumpula campus, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, 00560 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 2a, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kuno Kasak
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kaido Soosaar
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia; Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Department of Ecosystem Trace Gas Exchange, Belidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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25
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Methane Contributions of Different Components of Kandelia candel–Soil System under Nitrogen Supplementation. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13020318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Kandelia candel is the most widely distributed tree species on the southeast coast of China and is also the main afforestation tree species along the coastal wetland. In recent years, inorganic nitrogen pollution has become increasingly severe, and investigating the effects of nitrogen input on methane emissions in Kandelia candel–soil systems has become significant from a global change perspective. However, the effect of nitrogen input on methane emissions in coastal wetland systems is still uncertain. The field tidal environment is complex and varied, and thus it is difficult to accurately control the amount of nitrogen in the system. Therefore, in order to accurately assess the effects of different concentrations of foreign nitrogen input on methane emission fluxes in a Kandelia candel–soil system, we use indoor tidal simulation experimental devices and design two simulation systems with and without plant planting to explore the difference of methane emission flux in this system under five nitrogen input concentrations: N0 (0 g N·m−2·a−1), N1 (5 g N·m−2·a−1), N2 (10 g N·m−2·a−1), N3 (20 g N·m−2·a−1), and N4 (30 g N·m−2·a−1). The results showed that: (1) The introduction of Kandelia candel promoted methane emissions in coastal wetland ecosystem. Under each nitrogen application concentration, the mean CH4 emission flux in the planting group was 42.98%, 65.59%, 40.87%, 58.93% and 39.23% higher than that in the non-planting group, respectively. (2) Nitrogen input significantly promoted methane emissions in both planted and non-planted environments, and the promoting effect showed as follows: N4 > N3 > N2 > N1 > N0. (3) After the introduction of Kandelia candel, the contribution of Kandelia candel and soil microorganisms to methane emissions was different under different concentrations of nitrogen addition. The contribution rate of Kandelia candel to CH4 emission flux of Kandelia candel–soil system ranged from 10.74% to 60.25%, with an average contribution rate of 37.30%. The changed soil microbes contributed 39.75% to 89.26% to the CH4 emission flux in the Kandelia candel–soil system, with an average contribution rate of 62.60%. Under N3 nitrogen application concentration, the emission flux of plant was the largest, which was significantly higher than that of the soil microbial pathway; at other concentrations, the methane emissions from the soil microbial pathway were greater than that of the plant pathway, and the contribution rate to the plant–soil system reached 60.25%. The results of this study provide an important basis for improving the estimation accuracy of carbon emissions in coastal waters and formulating policies for the restoration and protection of coastal wetlands.
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Gauci V, Figueiredo V, Gedney N, Pangala SR, Stauffer T, Weedon GP, Enrich-Prast A. Non-flooded riparian Amazon trees are a regionally significant methane source. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2022; 380:20200446. [PMID: 34865530 PMCID: PMC8646147 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2020.0446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Inundation-adapted trees were recently established as the dominant egress pathway for soil-produced methane (CH4) in forested wetlands. This raises the possibility that CH4 produced deep within the soil column can vent to the atmosphere via tree roots even when the water table (WT) is below the surface. If correct, this would challenge modelling efforts where inundation often defines the spatial extent of ecosystem CH4 production and emission. Here, we examine CH4 exchange on tree, soil and aquatic surfaces in forest experiencing a dynamic WT at three floodplain locations spanning the Amazon basin at four hydrologically distinct times from April 2017 to January 2018. Tree stem emissions were orders of magnitude larger than from soil or aquatic surface emissions and exhibited a strong relationship to WT depth below the surface (less than 0). We estimate that Amazon riparian floodplain margins with a WT < 0 contribute 2.2-3.6 Tg CH4 yr-1 to the atmosphere in addition to inundated tree emissions of approximately 12.7-21.1 Tg CH4 yr-1. Applying our approach to all tropical wetland broad-leaf trees yields an estimated non-flooded floodplain tree flux of 6.4 Tg CH4 yr-1 which, at 17% of the flooded tropical tree flux of approximately 37.1 Tg CH4 yr-1, demonstrates the importance of these ecosystems in extending the effective CH4 emitting area beyond flooded lands. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Rising methane: is warming feeding warming? (part 2)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Gauci
- Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
- School of Geography Earth and Environmental Science, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Viviane Figueiredo
- Multiuser Unit of Environmental Analysis, University Federal of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nicola Gedney
- Met Office Hadley Centre, JCHMR, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Sunitha Rao Pangala
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Tainá Stauffer
- Multiuser Unit of Environmental Analysis, University Federal of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Graham P. Weedon
- Met Office Hadley Centre, JCHMR, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Alex Enrich-Prast
- Multiuser Unit of Environmental Analysis, University Federal of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Biogas Research Center and Department of Thematic Studies – Environmental Change, Linköping University, Linkoping SE-581 83, Sweden
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27
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Comer-Warner SA, Nguyen ATQ, Nguyen MN, Wang M, Turner A, Le H, Sgouridis F, Krause S, Kettridge N, Nguyen N, Hamilton RL, Ullah S. Restoration impacts on rates of denitrification and greenhouse gas fluxes from tropical coastal wetlands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 803:149577. [PMID: 34487896 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Forested coastal wetlands are globally important systems sequestering carbon and intercepting nitrogen pollution from nutrient-rich river systems. Coastal wetlands that have suffered extensive disturbance are the target of comprehensive restoration efforts. Accurate assessment of restoration success requires detailed mechanistic understanding of wetland soil biogeochemical functioning across restoration chrono-sequences, which remains poorly understood for these sparsely investigated systems. This study investigated denitrification and greenhouse gas fluxes in mangrove and Melaleuca forest soils of Vietnam, using the 15N-Gas flux method. Denitrification-derived N2O was significantly higher from Melaleuca than mangrove forest soils, despite higher potential rates of total denitrification in the mangrove forest soils (8.1 ng N g-1 h-1) than the Melaleuca soils (6.8 ng N g-1 h-1). Potential N2O and CO2 emissions were significantly higher from the Melaleuca soils than from the mangrove soils. Disturbance and subsequent recovery had no significant effect on N biogeochemistry except with respect to the denitrification product ratio in the mangrove sites, which was highest from the youngest mangrove site. Potential CO2 and CH4 fluxes were significantly affected by restoration in the mangrove soils. The lowest potential CO2 emissions were observed in the mid-age plantation and potential CH4 fluxes decreased in the older forests. The mangrove system, therefore, may remove excess N and improve water quality with low greenhouse gas emissions, whereas in Melaleucas, increased N2O and CO2 emissions also occur. These emissions are likely balanced by higher carbon stocks observed in the Melaleuca soils. These mechanistic insights highlight the importance of ecosystem restoration for pollution attenuation and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from coastal wetlands. Restoration efforts should continue to focus on increasing wetland area and function, which will benefit local communities with improved water quality and potential for income generation under future carbon trading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie A Comer-Warner
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Anh T Q Nguyen
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ha Noi (VNU), 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Minh N Nguyen
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ha Noi (VNU), 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Manlin Wang
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Antony Turner
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Hue Le
- VNU-Central Institute for Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Fotis Sgouridis
- School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Stefan Krause
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023, Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), 69622 Villeurbanne, France; Institute of Global Innovation, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Nicholas Kettridge
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Nghia Nguyen
- Department of Soil Sciences, College of Agriculture and Applied Biology, Can Tho University, Can Tho City, Viet Nam
| | - R Liz Hamilton
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Sami Ullah
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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28
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Gao CH, Zhang S, Ding QS, Wei MY, Li H, Li J, Wen C, Gao GF, Liu Y, Zhou JJ, Zhang JY, You YP, Zheng HL. Source or sink? A study on the methane flux from mangroves stems in Zhangjiang estuary, southeast coast of China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 788:147782. [PMID: 34134386 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mangrove ecosystems are an important component of "blue carbon". However, it is not clear whether the stems play roles in the CH4 budget of mangrove ecosystems. This study investigated the CH4 emission from mangrove stems and its potential driving factors. We set up six sample plots in the Zhangjiang Estuary National Mangrove Nature Reserve, where Kandelia obovata, Avicennia marina and Aegiceras corniculata are the main mangrove tree species. Soil properties such as total carbon content, redox potential and salinity were determined in each plot. The dynamic chamber method was used to measure mangrove stems and soil CH4 fluxes. Combined field survey results with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of soil properties, we divided the six plots into two sites (S1 and S2) to perform statistical analyses of stem CH4 fluxes. Then the CH4 fluxes from mangrove tree stems and soil were further scaled up to the ecosystem level through the mapping model. Under different backgrounds of soil properties, salinity and microbial biomass carbon were the main factors modified soil CH4 fluxes in the two sites, and further affected the stem CH4 fluxes of mangroves. The soil of both sites are sources of CH4, and the soil CH4 emission of S2 was about twice higher than that of S1. Results of upscaling model showed that mangrove stems in S1 were CH4 sinks with -105.65 g d-1. But stems in S2 were CH4 sources around 1448.24 g d-1. Taken together, our results suggested that CH4 emission from mangrove soils closely depends on soils properties. And mangrove stems were found to act as both CH4 sources and CH4 sinks depend on soil CH4 production. Therefore, when calculating the CH4 budget of the mangrove ecosystem, the contribution of mangrove plant stems cannot be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hao Gao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China
| | - Shan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China
| | - Qian-Su Ding
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China
| | - Ming-Yue Wei
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China
| | - Huan Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China
| | - Chen Wen
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China
| | - Gui-Feng Gao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China; Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Soil Science, State Key Laboratory of Soil & Sustainable Agriculture, 71 East Beijing Rd, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China
| | - Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China
| | - Jia-Jie Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China
| | - Jing-Ya Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China
| | - Yan-Ping You
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China
| | - Hai-Lei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China.
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Abstract
Interactions between soils and climate impact wider environmental sustainability. Soil heterogeneity intricately regulates these interactions over short spatiotemporal scales and therefore needs to be more finely examined. This paper examines how redox heterogeneity at the level of minerals, microbial cells, organic matter, and the rhizosphere entangles biogeochemical cycles in soil with climate change. Redox heterogeneity is used to develop a conceptual framework that encompasses soil microsites (anaerobic and aerobic) and cryptic biogeochemical cycling, helping to explain poorly understood processes such as methanogenesis in oxygenated soils. This framework is further shown to disentangle global carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) pathways that include CO2, CH4, and N2O. Climate-driven redox perturbations are discussed using wetlands and tropical forests as model systems. Powerful analytical methods are proposed to be combined and used more extensively to study coupled abiotic and biotic reactions that are affected by redox heterogeneity. A core view is that emerging and future research will benefit substantially from developing multifaceted analyses of redox heterogeneity over short spatiotemporal scales in soil. Taking a leap in our understanding of soil and climate interactions and their evolving influence on environmental sustainability then depends on greater collaborative efforts to comprehensively investigate redox heterogeneity spanning the domain of microscopic soil interfaces.
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Bréchet LM, Daniel W, Stahl C, Burban B, Goret JY, Salomόn RL, Janssens IA. Simultaneous tree stem and soil greenhouse gas (CO 2 , CH 4 , N 2 O) flux measurements: a novel design for continuous monitoring towards improving flux estimates and temporal resolution. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:2487-2500. [PMID: 33738819 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tree stems and soils can act as sources and sinks for the greenhouse gases (GHG) carbon dioxide (CO2 ), methane (CH4 ), and nitrous oxide (N2 O). Since both uptake and emission capacities can be large, especially in tropical rainforests, accurate assessments of the magnitudes and temporal variations of stem and soil GHG fluxes are required. We designed a new flexible stem chamber system for continuously measuring GHG fluxes in a French Guianese rainforest. Here, we describe this new system, which is connected to an automated soil GHG flux system, and discuss measurement uncertainty and potential error sources. In line with findings for soil GHG flux estimates, we demonstrated that lengthening the stem chamber closure time was required for accurate estimates of tree stem CH4 and N2 O flux but not tree stem CO2 flux. The instrumented stem was a net source of CO2 and CH4 and a weak sink of N2 O. Our experimental setup operated successfully in situ and provided continuous tree and soil GHG measurements at a high temporal resolution over an 11-month period. This automated system is a major step forward in the measurement of GHG fluxes in stems and the atmosphere concurrently with soil GHG fluxes in tropical forest ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laëtitia M Bréchet
- Center of Excellence Global Change Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium
- INRAE, UMR EcoFoG, CNRS, CIRAD, AgroParisTech, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Kourou, 97310, France
| | - Warren Daniel
- Center of Excellence Global Change Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium
- INRAE, UMR EcoFoG, CNRS, CIRAD, AgroParisTech, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Kourou, 97310, France
| | - Clément Stahl
- INRAE, UMR EcoFoG, CNRS, CIRAD, AgroParisTech, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Kourou, 97310, France
| | - Benoît Burban
- INRAE, UMR EcoFoG, CNRS, CIRAD, AgroParisTech, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Kourou, 97310, France
| | - Jean-Yves Goret
- INRAE, UMR EcoFoG, CNRS, CIRAD, AgroParisTech, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Kourou, 97310, France
| | - Roberto L Salomόn
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Applied Ecology and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- Grupo de Investigación Sistemas Naturales e Historia Forestal, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Ivan A Janssens
- Center of Excellence Global Change Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium
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Jeffrey LC, Maher DT, Tait DR, Reading MJ, Chiri E, Greening C, Johnston SG. Isotopic evidence for axial tree stem methane oxidation within subtropical lowland forests. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:2200-2212. [PMID: 33715152 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge regarding mechanisms moderating methane (CH4 ) sink/source behaviour along the soil-tree stem-atmosphere continuum remains incomplete. Here, we applied stable isotope analysis (δ13 C-CH4 ) to gain insights into axial CH4 transport and oxidation in two globally distributed subtropical lowland species (Melaleuca quinquenervia and Casuarina glauca). We found consistent trends in CH4 flux (decreasing with height) and δ13 C-CH4 enrichment (increasing with height) in relation to stem height from ground. The average lower tree stem δ13 C-CH4 (0-40 cm) of Melaleuca and Casuarina (-53.96‰ and -65.89‰) were similar to adjacent flooded soil CH4 ebullition (-52.87‰ and -62.98‰), suggesting that stem CH4 is derived mainly by soil sources. Upper stems (81-200 cm) displayed distinct δ13 C-CH4 enrichment (Melaleuca -44.6‰ and Casuarina -46.5‰, respectively). Coupled 3D-photogrammetry with novel 3D-stem measurements revealed distinct hotspots of CH4 flux and isotopic fractionation on Melaleuca, which were likely due to bark anomalies in which preferential pathways of gas efflux were enhanced. Diel experiments revealed greater δ13 C-CH4 enrichment and higher oxidation rates in the afternoon, compared with the morning. Overall, we estimated that c. 33% of the methane was oxidised between lower and upper stems during axial transport, therefore potentially representing a globally significant, yet previously unaccounted for, methane sink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke C Jeffrey
- SCU Geoscience, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
| | - Damien T Maher
- SCU Geoscience, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
| | - Douglas R Tait
- SCU Geoscience, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
| | - Michael J Reading
- SCU Geoscience, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
| | - Eleonora Chiri
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Chris Greening
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Scott G Johnston
- SCU Geoscience, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
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Köhn D, Günther A, Schwabe I, Jurasinski G. Short-lived peaks of stem methane emissions from mature black alder ( Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) - Irrelevant for ecosystem methane budgets? PLANT-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2021; 2:16-27. [PMID: 37283846 PMCID: PMC10168070 DOI: 10.1002/pei3.10037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tree stems can be a source of the greenhouse gas methane (CH4). However, assessments of the global importance of stem CH4 emissions are complicated by a lack of research and high variability between individual ecosystems. Here, we determined the contribution of emissions from stems of mature black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) to overall CH4 exchange in two temperate peatlands. We measured emissions from stems and soils using closed chambers in a drained and an undrained alder forest over 2 years. Furthermore, we studied the importance of alder leaves as substrate for methanogenesis in an incubation experiment. Stem CH4 emissions were short-lived and occurred only during times of inundation at the undrained site. The drained site did not show stem emissions and the soil acted as a small CH4 sink. The contribution of stem emissions to the overall CH4 budget was below 0.3% in both sites. Our results show that mature black alder can be an intermittent source of CH4 to the atmosphere. However, the low share of stem CH4 emissions in both investigated stands indicates that this pathway may be of minor relative importance in temperate peatlands, yet strongly depend on the hydrologic regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Köhn
- Landscape EcologyUniversity of RostockRostockGermany
| | - Anke Günther
- Landscape EcologyUniversity of RostockRostockGermany
| | - Ines Schwabe
- Landscape EcologyUniversity of RostockRostockGermany
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Machacova K, Borak L, Agyei T, Schindler T, Soosaar K, Mander Ü, Ah‐Peng C. Trees as net sinks for methane (CH 4 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) in the lowland tropical rain forest on volcanic Réunion Island. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:1983-1994. [PMID: 33058184 PMCID: PMC7894294 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Trees are known to emit methane (CH4 ) and nitrous oxide (N2 O), with tropical wetland trees being considerable CH4 sources. Little is known about CH4 and especially N2 O exchange of trees growing in tropical rain forests under nonflooded conditions. We determined CH4 and N2 O exchange of stems of six dominant tree species, cryptogamic stem covers, soils and volcanic surfaces at the start of the rainy season in a 400-yr-old tropical lowland rain forest situated on a basaltic lava flow (Réunion Island). We aimed to understand the unknown role in greenhouse gas fluxes of these atypical tropical rain forests on basaltic lava flows. The stems studied were net sinks for atmospheric CH4 and N2 O, as were cryptogams, which seemed to be co-responsible for the stem uptake. In contrast with more commonly studied rain forests, the soil and previously unexplored volcanic surfaces consumed CH4 . Their N2 O fluxes were negligible. Greenhouse gas uptake potential by trees and cryptogams constitutes a novel and unique finding, thus showing that plants can serve not only as emitters, but also as consumers of CH4 and N2 O. The volcanic tropical lowland rain forest appears to be an important CH4 sink, as well as a possible N2 O sink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Machacova
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of SciencesBelidla 986/4aBrnoCZ‐60300Czech Republic
| | - Libor Borak
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of SciencesBelidla 986/4aBrnoCZ‐60300Czech Republic
| | - Thomas Agyei
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of SciencesBelidla 986/4aBrnoCZ‐60300Czech Republic
| | - Thomas Schindler
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of SciencesBelidla 986/4aBrnoCZ‐60300Czech Republic
- Department of GeographyInstitute of Ecology & Earth SciencesUniversity of Tartu46 VanemuiseTartuEST‐51014Estonia
| | - Kaido Soosaar
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of SciencesBelidla 986/4aBrnoCZ‐60300Czech Republic
- Department of GeographyInstitute of Ecology & Earth SciencesUniversity of Tartu46 VanemuiseTartuEST‐51014Estonia
| | - Ülo Mander
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of SciencesBelidla 986/4aBrnoCZ‐60300Czech Republic
- Department of GeographyInstitute of Ecology & Earth SciencesUniversity of Tartu46 VanemuiseTartuEST‐51014Estonia
| | - Claudine Ah‐Peng
- UMR PVBMTUniversité de La Réunion7 chemin de l’IRATSaint‐Pierre, La RéunionF‐97410France
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Flanagan LB, Nikkel DJ, Scherloski LM, Tkach RE, Smits KM, Selinger LB, Rood SB. Multiple processes contribute to methane emission in a riparian cottonwood forest ecosystem. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:1970-1982. [PMID: 33006137 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Methane emission from trees may partially or completely offset the methane sink in upland soils, the only process that has been regularly included in methane budgets for forest ecosystems. Our objective was to analyze multiple biogeochemical processes that influence the production, oxidation and transport of methane in a riparian cottonwood ecosystem and its adjacent river. We combined chamber flux measurements on tree stems, forest soil and the river surface with eddy covariance measurements of methane net ecosystem exchange. In addition, we tested whether methanogens were present in cottonwood stems, shallow soil layers and alluvial groundwater. Average midday peak in net methane emission measured by eddy covariance was c. 12 nmol m-2 s-1 . The average uptake of methane by soils (0.87 nmol m-2 s-1 ) was largely offset by tree stem methane emission (0.75 nmol m-2 s-1 ). There was evidence of methanogens in tree stems but not in shallow soil. Growing season (May-September) cumulative net methane emission (17.4 mmol CH4 m-2 ) included methane produced in cottonwood stems and methane input to the nocturnal boundary layer from the forest and the adjacent river. The multiple processes contributing to methane emission illustrated the linked nature of these adjacent terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence B Flanagan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Dylan J Nikkel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Lauren M Scherloski
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Rachel E Tkach
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Kristian M Smits
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - L Brent Selinger
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Stewart B Rood
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada
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Seo Y, Cho KS. Effects of Plant and Soil Amendment on Remediation Performance and Methane Mitigation in Petroleum-Contaminated Soil. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 31:104-114. [PMID: 33144544 PMCID: PMC9705697 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2006.06023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Petroleum-contaminated soil is considered among the most important potential anthropogenic atmospheric methane sources. Additionally, various rhizoremediation factors can affect methane emissions by altering soil ecosystem carbon cycles. Nonetheless, greenhouse gas emissions from soil have not been given due importance as a potentially relevant parameter in rhizoremediation techniques. Therefore, in this study we sought to investigate the effects of different plant and soil amendments on both remediation efficiencies and methane emission characteristics in dieselcontaminated soil. An indoor pot experiment consisting of three plant treatments (control, maize, tall fescue) and two soil amendments (chemical nutrient, compost) was performed for 95 days. Total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) removal efficiency, dehydrogenase activity, and alkB (i.e., an alkane compound-degrading enzyme) gene abundance were the highest in the tall fescue and maize soil system amended with compost. Compost addition enhanced both the overall remediation efficiencies, as well as pmoA (i.e., a methane-oxidizing enzyme) gene abundance in soils. Moreover, the potential methane emission of diesel-contaminated soil was relatively low when maize was introduced to the soil system. After microbial community analysis, various TPH-degrading microorganisms (Nocardioides, Marinobacter, Immitisolibacter, Acinetobacter, Kocuria, Mycobacterium, Pseudomonas, Alcanivorax) and methane-oxidizing microorganisms (Methylocapsa, Methylosarcina) were observed in the rhizosphere soil. The effects of major rhizoremediation factors on soil remediation efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions discussed herein are expected to contribute to the development of sustainable biological remediation technologies in response to global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonjoo Seo
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Suk Cho
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82-2-3277-2393 Fax: +82-2-3277-3275 E-mail:
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Tan ZD, Lupascu M, Wijedasa LS. Paludiculture as a sustainable land use alternative for tropical peatlands: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 753:142111. [PMID: 33207474 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Peatlands cover approximately 4.2 million km2 of terrestrial land surface and store up to 700 Pg of terrestrial carbon. Preserving the carbon stocks in peatland is therefore crucial for climate change mitigation. Under natural conditions, peatland carbon storage is maintained by moist peat conditions, which decreases decomposition and encourages peat formation. However, conversion of peatlands to drainage-based agriculture in the form of industrial plantations and smallholder farming has resulted in globally significant greenhouse gas emissions. Paludiculture, loosely conceptualized as biomass production on wet peatlands with the potential to maintain carbon storage, is proposed as a sustainable, non-drainage-based agriculture alternative for peatland use. However, while the concept of paludiculture was developed in temperate ecoregions, its application in the tropics is poorly understood. In this review, we examine common definitions of paludiculture used in literature to derive key themes and future directions. We found three common themes: ecosystem services benefits of paludiculture, hydrological conditions of peatlands, and vegetation selection for planting. Ambiguities surrounding these themes have led to questions on whether paludiculture applications are sustainable in the context of carbon sequestration in peat soil. This review aims to evaluate and advance current understanding of paludiculture in the context of tropical peatlands, which is especially pertinent given expanding agriculture development into Central Africa and South America, where large reserves of peatlands were recently discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zu Dienle Tan
- Department of Geography, 1 Arts Link, #03-01 Block AS2, National University of Singapore, 117570, Singapore.
| | - Massimo Lupascu
- Department of Geography, 1 Arts Link, #03-01 Block AS2, National University of Singapore, 117570, Singapore; Integrated Tropical Peatlands Research Programme, NUS Environmental Research Institute (NERI), T-Labs, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, 117411, Singapore.
| | - Lahiru S Wijedasa
- Integrated Tropical Peatlands Research Programme, NUS Environmental Research Institute (NERI), T-Labs, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, 117411, Singapore
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Lupascu M, Akhtar H, Smith TEL, Sukri RS. Post-fire carbon dynamics in the tropical peat swamp forests of Brunei reveal long-term elevated CH 4 flux. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:5125-5145. [PMID: 32475055 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tropical peatlands hold about 15%-19% of the global peat carbon (C) pool of which 77% is stored in the peat swamp forests (PSFs) of Southeast Asia. Nonetheless, these PSFs have been drained, exploited for timber and land for agriculture, leading to frequent fires in the region. The physico-chemical characteristics of peat, as well as the hydrology of PSFs are affected after a fire, during which the ecosystem can act as a C source for decades, as C emissions to the atmosphere exceed photosynthesis. In this work, we studied the longer-term impact of fires on C cycling in tropical PSFs, hence we quantified the magnitude and patterns of C loss (CO2 , CH4 and dissolved organic carbon) and soil-water quality characteristics in an intact and a degraded burnt PSF in Brunei Darussalam affected by seven fires over the last 40 years. We used natural tracers such as 14 C to investigate the age and sources of C contributing to ecosystem respiration (Reco ) and CH4 , while we continuously monitored soil temperature and water table (WT) level from June 2017 to January 2019. Our results showed a major difference in the physico-chemical parameters, which in turn affected C dynamics, especially CH4 . Methane effluxes were higher in fire-affected areas (7.8 ± 2.2 mg CH4 m-2 hr-1 ) compared to the intact PSF (4.0 ± 2.0 mg CH4 m-2 hr-1 ) due to prolonged higher WT and more optimal methanogenesis conditions. On the other hand, we did not find significant differences in Reco between burnt (432 ± 83 mg CO2 m-2 hr-1 ) and intact PSF (359 ± 76 mg CO2 m-2 hr-1 ). Radiocarbon analysis showed overall no significant difference between intact and burnt PSF with a modern signature for both CO2 and CH4 fluxes implying a microbial preference for the more labile C fraction in the peat matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Lupascu
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Integrated Tropical Peatland Research Program, NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hasan Akhtar
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thomas E L Smith
- Department of Geography and Environment, The London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
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Deshmukh CS, Julius D, Evans CD, Nardi, Susanto AP, Page SE, Gauci V, Laurén A, Sabiham S, Agus F, Asyhari A, Kurnianto S, Suardiwerianto Y, Desai AR. Impact of forest plantation on methane emissions from tropical peatland. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:2477-2495. [PMID: 31991028 PMCID: PMC7155032 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Tropical peatlands are a known source of methane (CH4 ) to the atmosphere, but their contribution to atmospheric CH4 is poorly constrained. Since the 1980s, extensive areas of the peatlands in Southeast Asia have experienced land-cover change to smallholder agriculture and forest plantations. This land-cover change generally involves lowering of groundwater level (GWL), as well as modification of vegetation type, both of which potentially influence CH4 emissions. We measured CH4 exchanges at the landscape scale using eddy covariance towers over two land-cover types in tropical peatland in Sumatra, Indonesia: (a) a natural forest and (b) an Acacia crassicarpa plantation. Annual CH4 exchanges over the natural forest (9.1 ± 0.9 g CH4 m-2 year-1 ) were around twice as high as those of the Acacia plantation (4.7 ± 1.5 g CH4 m-2 year-1 ). Results highlight that tropical peatlands are significant CH4 sources, and probably have a greater impact on global atmospheric CH4 concentrations than previously thought. Observations showed a clear diurnal variation in CH4 exchange over the natural forest where the GWL was higher than 40 cm below the ground surface. The diurnal variation in CH4 exchanges was strongly correlated with associated changes in the canopy conductance to water vapor, photosynthetic photon flux density, vapor pressure deficit, and air temperature. The absence of a comparable diurnal pattern in CH4 exchange over the Acacia plantation may be the result of the GWL being consistently below the root zone. Our results, which are among the first eddy covariance CH4 exchange data reported for any tropical peatland, should help to reduce the uncertainty in the estimation of CH4 emissions from a globally important ecosystem, provide a more complete estimate of the impact of land-cover change on tropical peat, and develop science-based peatland management practices that help to minimize greenhouse gas emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dony Julius
- Asia Pacific Resources International Ltd.Kabupaten PelalawanIndonesia
| | | | - Nardi
- Asia Pacific Resources International Ltd.Kabupaten PelalawanIndonesia
| | - Ari P. Susanto
- Asia Pacific Resources International Ltd.Kabupaten PelalawanIndonesia
| | - Susan E. Page
- Centre for Landscape and Climate ResearchSchool of Geography, Geology and the EnvironmentUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterUK
| | - Vincent Gauci
- Birmingham Institute of Forest Research (BIFoR)School of Geography, Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Ari Laurén
- School of Forest SciencesFaculty of Science and ForestryUniversity of Eastern FinlandJoensuuFinland
| | - Supiandi Sabiham
- Department of Soil Science and Land ResourceInstitut Pertanian BogorBogorIndonesia
| | - Fahmuddin Agus
- Indonesian Center for Agricultural Land Resources Research and DevelopmentBogorIndonesia
| | - Adibtya Asyhari
- Asia Pacific Resources International Ltd.Kabupaten PelalawanIndonesia
| | - Sofyan Kurnianto
- Asia Pacific Resources International Ltd.Kabupaten PelalawanIndonesia
| | | | - Ankur R. Desai
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
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Jeffrey LC, Maher DT, Tait DR, Johnston SG. A Small Nimble In Situ Fine-Scale Flux Method for Measuring Tree Stem Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Processes (S.N.I.F.F). Ecosystems 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-020-00496-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Schindler T, Mander Ü, Machacova K, Espenberg M, Krasnov D, Escuer-Gatius J, Veber G, Pärn J, Soosaar K. Short-term flooding increases CH 4 and N 2O emissions from trees in a riparian forest soil-stem continuum. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3204. [PMID: 32081925 PMCID: PMC7035275 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60058-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the characteristics of global climate change is the increase in extreme climate events, e.g., droughts and floods. Forest adaptation strategies to extreme climate events are the key to predict ecosystem responses to global change. Severe floods alter the hydrological regime of an ecosystem which influences biochemical processes that control greenhouse gas fluxes. We conducted a flooding experiment in a mature grey alder (Alnus incana (L.) Moench) forest to understand flux dynamics in the soil-tree-atmosphere continuum related to ecosystem N2O and CH4 turn-over. The gas exchange was determined at adjacent soil-tree-pairs: stem fluxes were measured in vertical profiles using manual static chambers and gas chromatography; soil fluxes were measured with automated chambers connected to a gas analyser. The tree stems and soil surface were net sources of N2O and CH4 during the flooding. Contrary to N2O, the increase in CH4 fluxes delayed in response to flooding. Stem N2O fluxes were lower although stem CH4 emissions were significantly higher than from soil after the flooding. Stem fluxes decreased with stem height. Our flooding experiment indicated soil water and nitrogen content as the main controlling factors of stem and soil N2O fluxes. The stems contributed up to 88% of CH4 emissions to the stem-soil continuum during the investigated period but soil N2O fluxes dominated (up to 16 times the stem fluxes) during all periods. Conclusively, stem fluxes of CH4 and N2O are essential elements in forest carbon and nitrogen cycles and must be included in relevant models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schindler
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia. .,Department of Ecosystem Trace Gas Exchange, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Ülo Mander
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Katerina Machacova
- Department of Ecosystem Trace Gas Exchange, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Mikk Espenberg
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Dmitrii Krasnov
- Department of Plant Physiology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Gert Veber
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jaan Pärn
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kaido Soosaar
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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Sjögersten S, Siegenthaler A, Lopez OR, Aplin P, Turner B, Gauci V. Methane emissions from tree stems in neotropical peatlands. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:769-781. [PMID: 31495939 PMCID: PMC6973267 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Neotropical peatlands emit large amounts of methane (CH4 ) from the soil surface, but fluxes from tree stems in these ecosystems are unknown. In this study we investigated CH4 emissions from five tree species in two forest types common to neotropical lowland peatlands in Panama. Methane from tree stems accounted for up to 30% of net ecosystem CH4 emissions. Peak CH4 fluxes were greater during the wet season when the water table was high and temperatures were lower. Emissions were greatest from the hardwood tree Campnosperma panamensis, but most species acted as emitters, with emissions declining exponentially with height along the stem for all species. Overall, species identity, stem diameter, water level, soil temperature and soil CH4 fluxes explained 54% of the variance in stem CH4 emissions from individual trees. On the landscape level, On the landscape level, the high emissions from C. panamensis forests resulted in that they emitted at 340 kg CH4 d-1 during flooded periods despite their substantially lower areal cover. We conclude that emission from tree stems is an important emission pathway for CH4 flux from Neotropical peatlands, and that these emissions vary strongly with season and forest type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Sjögersten
- School of BiosciencesThe University of NottinghamSutton BoningtonLoughboroughLE12 5RDUK
| | - Andy Siegenthaler
- Department of Environment, Earth & Ecosystem SciencesSTEM FacultyThe Open UniversityMilton KeynesMK7 6AAUK
| | - Omar R. Lopez
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteApartado0843‐03092BalboaAnconRepublic of Panama
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta TecnologíaEdificio 219, Ciudad del Saber, ClaytonPanamáRepublic of Panama
| | - Paul Aplin
- Department of GeographyEdge Hill UniversityOrmskirkL39 4QPUK
| | - Benjamin Turner
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteApartado0843‐03092BalboaAnconRepublic of Panama
| | - Vincent Gauci
- Department of Environment, Earth & Ecosystem SciencesSTEM FacultyThe Open UniversityMilton KeynesMK7 6AAUK
- Birmingham Institute of Forest Research (BIFoR)School of Geography, Earth and Environmental SciencesThe University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUK
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He Y, Guan W, Xue D, Liu L, Peng C, Liao B, Hu J, Zhu Q, Yang Y, Wang X, Zhou G, Wu Z, Chen H. Comparison of methane emissions among invasive and native mangrove species in Dongzhaigang, Hainan Island. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 697:133945. [PMID: 31473551 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The strength of methane (CH4) source of mangroves is not well understood, especially when including all CH4 pathways in consideration. This study measured CH4 fluxes by five pathways (sediments, pneumatophores, water surface, leaves, and stems) from four typical mangrove forests, including Kandelia candel without pneumatophores and three species with pneumatophores: Sonneratia apetala, Laguncularia racemosa and Bruguiera gymnorhiza-Bruguiera sexangula. The CH4 fluxes from sediments were 4.82±1.46mgCH4m-2h-1 for K. candel and 1.36±0.17mgCH4m-2h-1 for the other three with pneumatophores. Among the three communities with pneumatophores, S. apetala community had significantly greater emission rate than the other two (P<0.05). Pneumatophores in S. apetala were found to significantly decrease CH4 emission from sediments (P<0.01), while those in B. gymnorhiza-B. sexangula were significantly increase it (P<0.05). CH4 fluxes from waters were 3.48±1.11mgCH4m-2h-1, with the highest emission rate in the K. candel community for the duck farming. Leaves of mangroves except for those of K. candel were a weak CH4 daytime sink, but stems were a weak source. The total 72ha of mangroves in the Changning river basin emitted about 8.10Gg CH4 per year, with a weighted emission rate of about 1.29mgCH4m-2h-1. Our results suggested that mangroves are only a small methane source to atmosphere with great contribution from sediments and waters, only slight contribution from leaves and stems. Pneumatophores of different mangrove species played different roles in CH4 fluxes from sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Guan
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Dan Xue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Liangfeng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Changhui Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Institute of Environment Science, Department of Biology Science, University of Quebec at Montreal (UQAM), 201 President-Kennedy, Montréal H2X 3Y7, Canada
| | - Baowen Liao
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Ji Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiu'an Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yanzhen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Guanyi Zhou
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Zhongming Wu
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Huai Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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43
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Hoyos-Santillan J, Lomax BH, Large D, Turner BL, Lopez OR, Boom A, Sepulveda-Jauregui A, Sjögersten S. Evaluation of vegetation communities, water table, and peat composition as drivers of greenhouse gas emissions in lowland tropical peatlands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 688:1193-1204. [PMID: 31726550 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tropical peatlands are globally important source of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, but data on carbon fluxes from these ecosystems is limited due to the logistical challenges of measuring gas fluxes in these ecosystems. Proposals to overcome the difficulties of measuring gas carbon fluxes in the tropics include remote sensing (top-down) approaches. However, these require information on the effect of vegetation communities on carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) fluxes from the peat surface (bottom-up). Such information will help reducing the uncertainty in current carbon budgets and resolve inconsistencies between the top-down and bottom-up estimates of gas fluxes from tropical peatlands. We investigated temporal and spatial variability of CO2 and CH4 fluxes from tropical peatlands inhabited by two contrasting vegetation communities (i.e., mixed forest and palm swamp) in Panama. In addition, we explored the influence of peat chemistry and nutrient status (i.e., factorial nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) addition) on greenhouse gas fluxes from the peat surface. We found that: i) CO2 and CH4 fluxes were not significantly different between the two vegetation communities, but did vary temporally across an annual cycle; ii) precipitation rates and peat temperature were poor predictors of CO2 and CH4 fluxes; iii) nitrogen addition increased CH4 fluxes at the mixed forests when the water table was above the peat surface, but neither nitrogen nor phosphorus affected gas fluxes elsewhere; iv) gas fluxes varied significantly with the water table level, with CO2 flux being 80% greater at low water table, and CH4 fluxes being 81% higher with the water table above the surface. Taken together, our data suggested that water table is the most important control of greenhouse gas emissions from the peat surface in forested lowland tropical peatlands, and that neither the presence of distinct vegetation communities nor the addition of nutrients outweigh such control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Hoyos-Santillan
- The University of Nottingham, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK.
| | - Barry H Lomax
- The University of Nottingham, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
| | - David Large
- The University of Nottingham, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Benjamin L Turner
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama
| | - Omar R Lopez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT), Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de Drogas Clayton, Panama
| | - Arnoud Boom
- University of Leicester, Department of Geography, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | | | - Sofie Sjögersten
- The University of Nottingham, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
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Jeffrey LC, Reithmaier G, Sippo JZ, Johnston SG, Tait DR, Harada Y, Maher DT. Are methane emissions from mangrove stems a cryptic carbon loss pathway? Insights from a catastrophic forest mortality. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 224:146-154. [PMID: 31211874 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that tree-stem methane (CH4 ) emissions may be an important and unaccounted-for component of local, regional and global carbon (C) budgets. Studies to date have focused on upland and freshwater swamp-forests; however, no data on tree-stem fluxes from estuarine species currently exist. Here we provide the first-ever mangrove tree-stem CH4 flux measurements from >50 trees (n = 230 measurements), in both standing dead and living forest, from a region suffering a recent large-scale climate-driven dieback event (Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia). Average CH4 emissions from standing dead mangrove tree-stems was 249.2 ± 41.0 μmol m-2 d-1 and was eight-fold higher than from living mangrove tree-stems (37.5 ± 5.8 μmol m-2 d-1 ). The average CH4 flux from tree-stem bases (c. 10 cm aboveground) was 1071.1 ± 210.4 and 96.8 ± 27.7 μmol m-2 d-1 from dead and living stands respectively. Sediment CH4 fluxes and redox potentials did not differ significantly between living and dead stands. Our results suggest both dead and living tree-stems act as CH4 conduits to the atmosphere, bypassing potential sedimentary oxidation processes. Although large uncertainties exist when upscaling data from small-scale temporal measurements, we estimated that dead mangrove tree-stem emissions may account for c. 26% of the net ecosystem CH4 flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke C Jeffrey
- SCU Geoscience, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
| | - Gloria Reithmaier
- SCU Geoscience, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
| | - James Z Sippo
- SCU Geoscience, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
| | - Scott G Johnston
- SCU Geoscience, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
| | - Douglas R Tait
- SCU Geoscience, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
| | - Yota Harada
- Australian Rivers Institute and School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, 4215, Qld, Australia
| | - Damien T Maher
- SCU Geoscience, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
- School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
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45
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Sam Kamaleson A, Gonsalves MJ, Nazareth DR. Interactions of sulfur and methane-oxidizing bacteria in tropical estuarine sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 191:496. [PMID: 31312943 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7616-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The bacterial oxidation of sulfur and methane is central to the biogeochemical processes in sediments such as the tropical mangrove sediments. However, there is a lacuna of information on the seasonal interactions including the influence of monsoons which is a major driver of seasonal change, on sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) and methane-oxidizing bacteria (MOB), their activity and the environmental variables. To understand these interactions, the analysis was carried out on sediment samples that were sampled monthly for a year from Chorao mangrove, Goa, southwest coast of India. SOB (3.8×105CFU g-1) and MOB (0.90×105CFU g-1) had maximum average abundance in the surface sediments in the post-monsoon and monsoon season, respectively. The mean sulfur-oxidation activity (SOA) of 2.63 mM day-1 and methane-oxidation activity (MOA) of 110.94 mM day-1 were highest in surface sediments during the post-monsoon season. Generally, the activity of SOB and MOB in surface sediments of post-monsoon was 2.2 times(×) and 2.8× respectively higher than that in the monsoon season. Among the environmental parameters analyzed, protein and sulfide concentrations significantly (p < 0.001) influenced SOA and MOA, respectively. There was a significant difference in SOA (p < 0.003) and MOA (p < 0.036) in surface sediments between the monsoon and the post-monsoon season. During the monsoon season, when the system is a sink of terrestrial/anthropogenic material, the interrelationship of SOB with MOA (r = 0.617, p < 0.001) and SOB with SOA (r = 0.489, p < 0.05) aids in maintaining the homeostasis of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sam Kamaleson
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403004, India
- Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
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Ishikura K, Hirata R, Hirano T, Okimoto Y, Wong GX, Melling L, Aeries EB, Kiew F, Lo KS, Musin KK, Waili JW, Ishii Y. Carbon Dioxide and Methane Emissions from Peat Soil in an Undrained Tropical Peat Swamp Forest. Ecosystems 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-019-00376-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Barba J, Bradford MA, Brewer PE, Bruhn D, Covey K, van Haren J, Megonigal JP, Mikkelsen TN, Pangala SR, Pihlatie M, Poulter B, Rivas-Ubach A, Schadt CW, Terazawa K, Warner DL, Zhang Z, Vargas R. Methane emissions from tree stems: a new frontier in the global carbon cycle. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 222:18-28. [PMID: 30394559 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tree stems from wetland, floodplain and upland forests can produce and emit methane (CH4 ). Tree CH4 stem emissions have high spatial and temporal variability, but there is no consensus on the biophysical mechanisms that drive stem CH4 production and emissions. Here, we summarize up to 30 opportunities and challenges for stem CH4 emissions research, which, when addressed, will improve estimates of the magnitudes, patterns and drivers of CH4 emissions and trace their potential origin. We identified the need: (1) for both long-term, high-frequency measurements of stem CH4 emissions to understand the fine-scale processes, alongside rapid large-scale measurements designed to understand the variability across individuals, species and ecosystems; (2) to identify microorganisms and biogeochemical pathways associated with CH4 production; and (3) to develop a mechanistic model including passive and active transport of CH4 from the soil-tree-atmosphere continuum. Addressing these challenges will help to constrain the magnitudes and patterns of CH4 emissions, and allow for the integration of pathways and mechanisms of CH4 production and emissions into process-based models. These advances will facilitate the upscaling of stem CH4 emissions to the ecosystem level and quantify the role of stem CH4 emissions for the local to global CH4 budget.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Barba
- Plant and Soil Sciences Department, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19711, USA
| | - Mark A Bradford
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Paul E Brewer
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, 21037, USA
| | - Dan Bruhn
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Kristofer Covey
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Environmental Studies and Sciences Program, Skidmore College, NY, 12866, USA
- Skidmore College, Dana Science Center, Saratoga Springs, NY, 12866, USA
| | - Joost van Haren
- Biosphere 2 and Honors College, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | | | - Teis Nørgaard Mikkelsen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sunitha R Pangala
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Mari Pihlatie
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00560, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ben Poulter
- Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, MD, 20771, USA
| | - Albert Rivas-Ubach
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Christopher W Schadt
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Kazuhiko Terazawa
- Department of Northern Biosphere Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 099-2493, Abashiri, Japan
| | - Daniel L Warner
- Plant and Soil Sciences Department, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19711, USA
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - Rodrigo Vargas
- Plant and Soil Sciences Department, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19711, USA
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Yip DZ, Veach AM, Yang ZK, Cregger MA, Schadt CW. Methanogenic Archaea dominate mature heartwood habitats of Eastern Cottonwood (Populus deltoides). THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 222:115-121. [PMID: 29978909 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
While recent reports demonstrate that the direct emission of methane from living tree trunks may be a significant terrestrial emission source, there has been debate whether tree emissions are due to transport from soils or produced in the wood environment itself. Reports of methanogens from wood of trees were prominent in the literature 40 years ago but have not been revisited with molecular ecology approaches. We examined communities associated with Populus deltoides using rRNA gene sequence analyses and how these vary with tree and wood properties. Our data indicate that wood environments are dominated by anaerobic microbiomes. Methanogens are prominent in heartwood (mean 34% relative abundance) compared to sapwood environments (13%), and dominant operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were classified as the Methanobacterium sp. Members of the Firmicutes phylum comprised 39% of total sequences and were in 42% greater abundance in sapwood over heartwood niches. Tree diameter was the strongest predictor of methanogen abundance, but wood moisture content and pH were also significant predictors of taxon abundance and overall community composition. Unlike microbiomes of the soil, rhizosphere and phyllosphere, wood associated communities are shaped by unique environmental conditions and may be prominent and overlooked sources of methane emissions in temperate forest systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Z Yip
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Allison M Veach
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Zamin K Yang
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Melissa A Cregger
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Christopher W Schadt
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
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49
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Covey KR, Megonigal JP. Methane production and emissions in trees and forests. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 222:35-51. [PMID: 30521089 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Contents Summary 35 I. Introduction 36 II. Tree CH4 fluxes 36 III. Tree emissions of soil-produced CH4 40 IV. Tree-produced CH4 42 V. Trees in forest CH4 budgets 44 VI. Conclusions 46 Acknowledgements 48 Author contributions 48 References 48 SUMMARY: Forest ecosystem methane (CH4 ) research has focused on soils, but trees are also important sources and sinks in forest CH4 budgets. Living and dead trees transport and emit CH4 produced in soils; living trees and dead wood emit CH4 produced inside trees by microorganisms; and trees produce CH4 through an abiotic photochemical process. Here, we review the state of the science on the production, consumption, transport, and emission of CH4 by living and dead trees, and the spatial and temporal dynamics of these processes across hydrologic gradients inclusive of wetland and upland ecosystems. Emerging research demonstrates that tree CH4 emissions can significantly increase the source strength of wetland forests, and modestly decrease the sink strength of upland forests. Scaling from stem or leaf measurements to trees or forests is limited by knowledge of the mechanisms by which trees transport soil-produced CH4 , microbial processes produce and oxidize CH4 inside trees, a lack of mechanistic models, the diffuse nature of forest CH4 fluxes, complex overlap between sources and sinks, and extreme variation across individuals. Understanding the complex processes that regulate CH4 source-sink dynamics in trees and forests requires cross-disciplinary research and new conceptual models that transcend the traditional binary classification of wetland vs upland forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristofer R Covey
- Environmental Studies and Sciences Program, Skidmore College, 815 N Broadway, Saratoga Springs, NY, 12866, USA
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, 195 Prospect St., New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - J Patrick Megonigal
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 647 Contees Wharf Road, Edgewater, MD, 21037, USA
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50
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Hernández M, Klose M, Claus P, Bastviken D, Marotta H, Figueiredo V, Enrich‐Prast A, Conrad R. Structure, function and resilience to desiccation of methanogenic microbial communities in temporarily inundated soils of the Amazon rainforest (Cunia Reserve, Rondonia). Environ Microbiol 2019; 21:1702-1717. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Hernández
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology Karl‐von‐Frisch‐Str. 10, 35043, Marburg Germany
| | - Melanie Klose
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology Karl‐von‐Frisch‐Str. 10, 35043, Marburg Germany
| | - Peter Claus
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology Karl‐von‐Frisch‐Str. 10, 35043, Marburg Germany
| | - David Bastviken
- Department of Thematic Studies ‐ Environmental ChangeLinköping University Linköping Sweden
| | - Humberto Marotta
- Ecosystems and Global Change Laboratory (LEMGUFF)/International Laboratory of Global Change (LINCGlobal), Biomass and Water Management Research Center (NABUFF), Graduate Program in Geosciences (Environmental Geochemistry), Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF) Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Sedimentary and Environmental Processes Laboratory (LAPSA‐UFF), Department of Geography, Graduate Program in GeographyUniversidade Federal Fluminense (UFF) Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Viviane Figueiredo
- Departamento de BotânicaInstituto de Biologia, University Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Alex Enrich‐Prast
- Department of Thematic Studies ‐ Environmental ChangeLinköping University Linköping Sweden
- Ecosystems and Global Change Laboratory (LEMGUFF)/International Laboratory of Global Change (LINCGlobal), Biomass and Water Management Research Center (NABUFF), Graduate Program in Geosciences (Environmental Geochemistry), Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF) Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Departamento de BotânicaInstituto de Biologia, University Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Ralf Conrad
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology Karl‐von‐Frisch‐Str. 10, 35043, Marburg Germany
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