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Hashemi Haeri H, Schneegans N, Eisenschmidt-Bönn D, Brandt W, Wittstock U, Hinderberger D. Characterization of the active site in the thiocyanate-forming protein from Thlaspi arvense (TaTFP) using EPR spectroscopy. Biol Chem 2024; 405:105-118. [PMID: 37586381 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2023-0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolates are plant thioglucosides, which act as chemical defenses. Upon tissue damage, their myrosinase-catalyzed hydrolysis yields aglucones that rearrange to toxic isothiocyanates. Specifier proteins such as thiocyanate-forming protein from Thlaspi arvense (TaTFP) are non-heme iron proteins, which capture the aglucone to form alternative products, e.g. nitriles or thiocyanates. To resolve the electronic state of the bound iron cofactor in TaTFP, we applied continuous wave electron paramagnetic resonance (CW EPR) spectroscopy at X-and Q-band frequencies (∼9.4 and ∼34 GHz). We found characteristic features of high spin and low spin states of a d 5 electronic configuration and local rhombic symmetry during catalysis. We monitored the oxidation states of bound iron during conversion of allylglucosinolate by myrosinase and TaTFP in presence and absence of supplemented Fe2+. Without added Fe2+, most high spin features of bound Fe3+ were preserved, while different g'-values of the low spin part indicated slight rearrangements in the coordination sphere and/or structural geometry. We also examined involvement of the redox pair Fe3+/Fe2 in samples with supplemented Fe2+. The absence of any EPR signal related to Fe3+ or Fe2+ using an iron-binding deficient TaTFP variant allowed us to conclude that recorded EPR signals originated from the bound iron cofactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haleh Hashemi Haeri
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Chemistry, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Nicola Schneegans
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Daniela Eisenschmidt-Bönn
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Wolfgang Brandt
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ute Wittstock
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dariush Hinderberger
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Chemistry, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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Coves S, Soengas P, Velasco P, Fernández JC, Cartea ME. New vegetable varieties of Brassica rapa and Brassica napus with modified glucosinolate content obtained by mass selection approach. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1198121. [PMID: 37521419 PMCID: PMC10373736 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1198121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glucosinolates (GSLs) constitute a characteristic group of secondary metabolites present in the Brassica genus. These compounds confer resistance to pests and diseases. Moreover, they show allelopathic and anticarcinogenic effects. All those effects are dependent on the chemical structure of the GSL. The modification of the content of specific GSLs would allow obtaining varieties with enhanced resistance and/or improved health benefits. Moreover, the attainment of varieties with the same genetic background but with divergent GSLs concentration will prompt the undertaking of studies on their biological effects. Objective and Methods The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of two divergent mass selection programs to modify GSL content in the leaves of two Brassica species: nabicol (Brassica napus L.), selected by glucobrassicanapin (GBN), and nabiza (Brassica rapa L.), selected by gluconapin (GNA) through several selection cycles using cromatographic analysis. Results The response to selection fitted a linear regression model with no signs of variability depletion for GSL modification in either direction, but with higher efficiency in reducing the selected GSL than in the increasing. The selection was also effective in other parts of the plant, suggesting that there is a GSL translocation in the plant or a modification in their synthesis pathway that is not-organ specific. There was an indirect response of selection in other GSL; thus this information should be considered when designing breeding programs. Finally, populations obtained by selection have the same agronomic performance or even better than the original population. Conclusion Therefore, mass selection seems to be a good method to modify the content of specific GSL in Brassica crops.
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van Steenwijk HP, Winter E, Knaven E, Brouwers JF, van Baardwijk M, van Dalum JB, Luijendijk TJC, van Osch FHM, Troost FJ, Bast A, Semen KO, de Boer A. The beneficial effect of sulforaphane on platelet responsiveness during caloric load: a single-intake, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial in healthy participants. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1204561. [PMID: 37485383 PMCID: PMC10359317 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1204561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims As our understanding of platelet activation in response to infections and/or inflammatory conditions is growing, it is becoming clearer that safe, yet efficacious, platelet-targeted phytochemicals could improve public health beyond the field of cardiovascular diseases. The phytonutrient sulforaphane shows promise for clinical use due to its effect on inflammatory pathways, favorable pharmacokinetic profile, and high bioavailability. The potential of sulforaphane to improve platelet functionality in impaired metabolic processes has however hardly been studied in humans. This study investigated the effects of broccoli sprout consumption, as a source of sulforaphane, on urinary 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 (TXB2), a stable thromboxane metabolite used to monitor eicosanoid biosynthesis and response to antithrombotic therapy, in healthy participants exposed to caloric overload. Methods In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial 12 healthy participants were administered 16g of broccoli sprouts, or pea sprouts (placebo) followed by the standardized high-caloric drink PhenFlex given to challenge healthy homeostasis. Urine samples were collected during the study visits and analyzed for 11-dehydro-TXB2, sulforaphane and its metabolites. Genotyping was performed using Illumina GSA v3.0 DTCBooster. Results Administration of broccoli sprouts before the caloric load reduced urinary 11-dehydro-TXB2 levels by 50% (p = 0.018). The amount of sulforaphane excreted in the urine during the study visits correlated negatively with 11-dehydro-TXB2 (rs = -0.377, p = 0.025). Participants carrying the polymorphic variant NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone 1 (NQO1*2) showed decreased excretion of sulforaphane (p = 0.035). Conclusion Sulforaphane was shown to be effective in targeting platelet responsiveness after a single intake. Our results indicate an inverse causal relationship between sulforaphane and 11-dehydro-TXB2, which is unaffected by the concomitant intake of the metabolic challenge. 11-Dehydro-TXB2 shows promise as a non-invasive, sensitive, and suitable biomarker to investigate the effects of phytonutrients on platelet aggregation within hours. Clinical trial registration [https://clinicaltrials.gov/], identifier [NCT05146804].
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidde P. van Steenwijk
- Food Claims Centre Venlo, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Evi Winter
- Food Claims Centre Venlo, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Edward Knaven
- Research Group Analysis Techniques in the Life Sciences, Avans University of Applied Sciences, Breda, Netherlands
| | - Jos F. Brouwers
- Research Group Analysis Techniques in the Life Sciences, Avans University of Applied Sciences, Breda, Netherlands
| | - Myrthe van Baardwijk
- Omnigen B.V., Delft, Netherlands
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Bioinformatics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Frits H. M. van Osch
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, VieCuri Medical Center, Venlo, Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, NUTRIM, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Freddy J. Troost
- Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Food Innovation and Health, Centre for Healthy Eating and Food Innovation, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Aalt Bast
- University College Venlo, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Khrystyna O. Semen
- University College Venlo, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Alie de Boer
- Food Claims Centre Venlo, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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Endo R, Chikano H, Itabashi E, Kawasaki M, Ohara T, Kakizaki T. Large insertion in radish GRS1 enhances glucoraphanin content in intergeneric hybrids, Raphanobrassica ( Raphanus sativus L. x Brassica oleracea var. acephala). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1132302. [PMID: 37346118 PMCID: PMC10279979 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1132302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolates (GSLs), precursors of isothiocyanates (ITCs), are present in Brassicaceae plants have been found to have health benefits. Sulforaphane (4-(methylsulfinyl)butyl ITC) is an ITC stored in the form of 4-(methylsulfinyl)butyl GSL (glucoraphanin, 4MSOB) in Brassica vegetables, such as broccoli and kale. Sulforaphane activates Nrf2 expression, a transcription factor responsible for inducing physiological activities such as detoxification in the human body, and it represents a functional component unique to cruciferous vegetables. Raphanobrassica is an inter-generic hybrid between radish and kale, and it contains a high amount of 4MSOB. However, Raphanobrassica contains as much 4-methylsulfinyl-3-butenyl GSL (glucoraphenin, 4MSO3B) as it does 4MSOB. GLUCORAPHASATIN SYNTHASE 1 (GRS1) is an enzyme present in radish that synthesizes 4-methylthio-3-butenyl GSL (glucoraphasatin, 4MT3B), a precursor of 4MSO3B, using 4-(methylthio)butyl GSL (glucoerucin, 4MTB) as a substrate. Since the precursor of 4MSOB is also 4MTB, it was considered that both 4MSOB and 4MSO3B accumulate owing to competition in Raphanobrassica. We hypothesized that owing to the impaired function of GRS1 in Raphanobrassica, it may be possible to breed Raphanobrassica cultivars containing a high 4MSOB content. In this study, we generated Raphanobrassica populations with functional and defective GRS1 and compared the GSL composition in the two populations using high-performance liquid chromatography. The mean 4MSOB content in leaves of the defective-type populations was higher than that in the functional-type population, and the defective/functional ratio ranged from 2.02 to 2.51-fold, supporting this hypothesis. Furthermore, leaves, flower buds, stems, and roots contained higher amounts of 4MSOB in the defective population than in the functional population. The leaf 4MSOB content of defective Raphanobrassica grown in this study was comparable to that of previously studied vegetables (such as broccoli sprouts) with high 4MSOB content. Raphanobrassica with defective GRS1 represents a new leafy vegetable with high 4MSOB content which exhibits anti-cancerous and anti-inflammatory potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Endo
- Agricultural and Bio Resource Development Department, Innovation Division, KAGOME CO., LTD., Nasushiobara, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Chikano
- Agricultural and Bio Resource Development Department, Innovation Division, KAGOME CO., LTD., Nasushiobara, Japan
| | - Etsuko Itabashi
- Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsu, Japan
| | - Mitsuyo Kawasaki
- Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsu, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Ohara
- Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsu, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kakizaki
- Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsu, Japan
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Yan L, Zhou G, Shahzad K, Zhang H, Yu X, Wang Y, Yang N, Wang M, Zhang X. Research progress on the utilization technology of broccoli stalk, leaf resources, and the mechanism of action of its bioactive substances. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1138700. [PMID: 37063225 PMCID: PMC10090291 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1138700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Broccoli is a nutritious vegetable. It is high in protein, minerals, and vitamins. Also, it possesses antioxidant activities and is beneficial to the human body. Due to its active effect, broccoli is widely accepted by people in daily life. However, in terms of current utilization, only its florets are consumed as vegetables, while more than half of its stalks and leaves are not utilized. The stalks and leaves contain not only nutrients but also bioactive substances with physiologically regulating properties. Therefore research into the action and mechanism of its bioactive substances as well as its development and utilization technology will make contributions to the further promotion of its resource development and utilization. As a theoretical foundation for the resource utilization of broccoli stalks and leaves, this report will review the distribution and consumption of broccoli germplasm resources, the mechanism of action of bioactive substances, and innovative methods for their exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yan
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation, Shihezi, China
| | - Gang Zhou
- Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Xuhuai Region, Huaian, China
| | - Khuram Shahzad
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Haoran Zhang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Yu
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yusu Wang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Nan Yang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Mengzhi Wang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation, Shihezi, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation, Shihezi, China
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Qin H, King GJ, Borpatragohain P, Zou J. Developing multifunctional crops by engineering Brassicaceae glucosinolate pathways. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2023:100565. [PMID: 36823985 PMCID: PMC10363516 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolates (GSLs), found mainly in species of the Brassicaceae family, are one of the most well-studied classes of secondary metabolites. Produced by the action of myrosinase on GSLs, GSL-derived hydrolysis products (GHPs) primarily defend against biotic stress in planta. They also significantly affect the quality of crop products, with a subset of GHPs contributing unique food flavors and multiple therapeutic benefits or causing disagreeable food odors and health risks. Here, we explore the potential of these bioactive functions, which could be exploited for future sustainable agriculture. We first summarize our accumulated understanding of GSL diversity and distribution across representative Brassicaceae species. We then systematically discuss and evaluate the potential of exploited and unutilized genes involved in GSL biosynthesis, transport, and hydrolysis as candidate GSL engineering targets. Benefiting from available information on GSL and GHP functions, we explore options for multifunctional Brassicaceae crop ideotypes to meet future demand for food diversification and sustainable crop production. An integrated roadmap is subsequently proposed to guide ideotype development, in which maximization of beneficial effects and minimization of detrimental effects of GHPs could be combined and associated with various end uses. Based on several use-case examples, we discuss advantages and limitations of available biotechnological approaches that may contribute to effective deployment and could provide novel insights for optimization of future GSL engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Qin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Graham J King
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Jun Zou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
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Kowalska H, Masiarz E, Ignaczak A, Marzec A, Hać-Szymańczuk E, Salamon A, Cegiełka A, Żbikowska A, Kowalska J, Galus S. Advances in Multigrain Snack Bar Technology and Consumer Expectations: A Review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2094402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Kowalska
- Department of Food Engineering and Process Management, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewelina Masiarz
- Department of Food Engineering and Process Management, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Ignaczak
- Department of Food Engineering and Process Management, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Marzec
- Department of Food Engineering and Process Management, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Hać-Szymańczuk
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology of Food, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Salamon
- Department of Grain Processing and Bakery, Institute of Agriculture and Food Biotechnology – State Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aneta Cegiełka
- Department of Food Technology and Assessment, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Żbikowska
- Department of Food Technology and Assessment, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jolanta Kowalska
- Department of Food Engineering and Process Management, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sabina Galus
- Department of Food Engineering and Process Management, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS), Warsaw, Poland
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Wang J, Mao S, Liang M, Zhang W, Chen F, Huang K, Wu Q. Preharvest Methyl Jasmonate Treatment Increased Glucosinolate Biosynthesis, Sulforaphane Accumulation, and Antioxidant Activity of Broccoli. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071298. [PMID: 35883789 PMCID: PMC9312100 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Broccoli is becoming increasingly popular among consumers owing to its nutritional value and rich bioactive compounds, such glucosinolates (GSLs) and hydrolysis products, which are secondary metabolites for plant defense, cancer prevention, and higher antioxidant activity for humans. In this study, 40 μmol/L methyl jasmonate (MeJA) was sprayed onto broccoli from budding until harvest. The harvested broccoli florets, stem, and leaves were used to measure the contents of GSLs, sulforaphane, total phenolics, and flavonoids, as well as myrosinase activity, antioxidant activity, and gene expression involved in GSL biosynthesis. The overall results revealed that GSL biosynthesis and sulforaphane accumulation were most likely induced by exogenous MeJA treatment by upregulating the expression of CYP83A1, SUR1, UGT74B1, and SOT18 genes. Exogenous MeJA treatment more remarkably contributed to the increased GSL biosynthesis in broccoli cultivars with low-level GSL content (Yanxiu) than that with high-level GSLs (Xianglv No.3). Moreover, MeJA treatment had a more remarkable increasing effect in broccoli florets than stem and leaves. Interestingly, total flavonoid content substantially increased in broccoli florets after MeJA treatment, but total phenolics did not. Similarly, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity, trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity (ABTS), and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were higher in broccoli floret after MeJA treatment. In conclusion, MeJA mediated bioactive compound metabolism, had positive effects on GSL biosynthesis, sulforaphane, and flavonoids accumulation, and showed positive correlation on inducing higher antioxidant activities in broccoli floret. Hence, preharvest supplementation with 40 μM MeJA could be a good way to improve the nutritional value of broccoli florets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Wang
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.W.); (S.M.); (M.L.); (W.Z.); (F.C.)
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Shuxiang Mao
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.W.); (S.M.); (M.L.); (W.Z.); (F.C.)
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Mantian Liang
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.W.); (S.M.); (M.L.); (W.Z.); (F.C.)
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Wenxia Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.W.); (S.M.); (M.L.); (W.Z.); (F.C.)
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Fangzhen Chen
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.W.); (S.M.); (M.L.); (W.Z.); (F.C.)
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Ke Huang
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.W.); (S.M.); (M.L.); (W.Z.); (F.C.)
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, China
- Correspondence: (K.H.); (Q.W.)
| | - Qiuyun Wu
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.W.); (S.M.); (M.L.); (W.Z.); (F.C.)
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, China
- Correspondence: (K.H.); (Q.W.)
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Shang G, Zhao H, Tong L, Yin N, Hu R, Jiang H, Kamal F, Zhao Z, Xu L, Lu K, Li J, Qu C, Du D. Genome-Wide Association Study of Phenylalanine Derived Glucosinolates in Brassica rapa. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1274. [PMID: 35567275 PMCID: PMC9104335 DOI: 10.3390/plants11091274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glucosinolates (GSLs) are sulfur-containing bioactive compounds usually present in Brassicaceae plants and are usually responsible for a pungent flavor and reduction of the nutritional values of seeds. Therefore, breeding rapeseed varieties with low GSL levels is an important breeding objective. Most GSLs in Brassica rapa are derived from methionine or tryptophan, but two are derived from phenylalanine, one directly (benzylGSL) and one after a round of chain elongation (phenethylGSL). In the present study, two phenylalanine (Phe)-derived GSLs (benzylGSL and phenethylGSL) were identified and quantified in seeds by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. Levels of benzylGSL were low but differed among investigated low and high GSL genotypes. Levels of phenethylGSL (also known as 2-phenylethylGSL) were high but did not differ among GSL genotypes. Subsequently, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted using 159 B. rapa accessions to demarcate candidate regions underlying 43 and 59 QTNs associated with benzylGSL and phenethylGSL that were distributed on 10 chromosomes and 9 scaffolds, explaining 0.56% to 70.86% of phenotypic variations, respectively. Furthermore, we find that 15 and 18 known or novel candidate genes were identified for the biosynthesis of benzylGSL and phenethylGSL, including known regulators of GSL biosynthesis, such as BrMYB34, BrMYB51, BrMYB28, BrMYB29 and BrMYB122, and novel regulators or structural genes, such as BrMYB44/BrMYB77 and BrMYB60 for benzylGSL and BrCYP79B2 for phenethylGSL. Finally, we investigate the expression profiles of the biosynthetic genes for two Phe-derived GSLs by transcriptomic analysis. Our findings provide new insight into the complex machinery of Phe-derived GSLs in seeds of B. rapa and help to improve the quality of Brassicaceae plant breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxia Shang
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources, Key Laboratory of Spring Rape Genetic Improvement, Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (G.S.); (Z.Z.); (L.X.)
| | - Huiyan Zhao
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (H.Z.); (L.T.); (N.Y.); (R.H.); (H.J.); (F.K.); (K.L.)
| | - Linhui Tong
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (H.Z.); (L.T.); (N.Y.); (R.H.); (H.J.); (F.K.); (K.L.)
| | - Nengwen Yin
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (H.Z.); (L.T.); (N.Y.); (R.H.); (H.J.); (F.K.); (K.L.)
| | - Ran Hu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (H.Z.); (L.T.); (N.Y.); (R.H.); (H.J.); (F.K.); (K.L.)
| | - Haiyan Jiang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (H.Z.); (L.T.); (N.Y.); (R.H.); (H.J.); (F.K.); (K.L.)
| | - Farah Kamal
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (H.Z.); (L.T.); (N.Y.); (R.H.); (H.J.); (F.K.); (K.L.)
| | - Zhi Zhao
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources, Key Laboratory of Spring Rape Genetic Improvement, Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (G.S.); (Z.Z.); (L.X.)
| | - Liang Xu
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources, Key Laboratory of Spring Rape Genetic Improvement, Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (G.S.); (Z.Z.); (L.X.)
| | - Kun Lu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (H.Z.); (L.T.); (N.Y.); (R.H.); (H.J.); (F.K.); (K.L.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jiana Li
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (H.Z.); (L.T.); (N.Y.); (R.H.); (H.J.); (F.K.); (K.L.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Cunmin Qu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (H.Z.); (L.T.); (N.Y.); (R.H.); (H.J.); (F.K.); (K.L.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Dezhi Du
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources, Key Laboratory of Spring Rape Genetic Improvement, Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (G.S.); (Z.Z.); (L.X.)
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10
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Neequaye M, Steuernagel B, Saha S, Trick M, Troncoso-Rey P, van den Bosch F, Traka MH, Østergaard L, Mithen R. Characterisation of the Introgression of Brassica villosa Genome Into Broccoli to Enhance Methionine-Derived Glucosinolates and Associated Health Benefits. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:855707. [PMID: 35432397 PMCID: PMC9011106 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.855707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Broccoli cultivars that have enhanced accumulation of methionine-derived glucosinolates have been developed through the introgression of a novel allele of the MYB28 transcription factor from the wild species Brassica villosa. Through a novel k-mer approach, we characterised the extent of the introgression of unique B. villosa genome sequences into high glucosinolate broccoli genotypes. RNAseq analyses indicated that the introgression of the B. villosa MYB28 C2 allele resulted in the enhanced expression of the MYB28 transcription factor, and modified expression of genes associated with sulphate absorption and reduction, and methionine and glucosinolate biosynthesis when compared to standard broccoli. A adenine-thymine (AT) short tandem repeat (STR) was identified within the 5' untranslated region (UTR) B. villosa MYB28 allele that was absent from two divergent cultivated forms of Brassica oleracea, which may underpin the enhanced expression of B. villosa MYB28.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhaela Neequaye
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
- John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | - Shikha Saha
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Richard Mithen
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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11
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Marone D, Mastrangelo AM, Borrelli GM, Mores A, Laidò G, Russo MA, Ficco DBM. Specialized metabolites: Physiological and biochemical role in stress resistance, strategies to improve their accumulation, and new applications in crop breeding and management. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 172:48-55. [PMID: 35030365 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Specialized plant metabolites (SPMs), traditionally referred to as 'secondary metabolites', are chemical compounds involved in a broad range of biological functions, including plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. Moreover, some of them have a role in end-product quality with potential health benefits in humans. For this reason, they became an important target of studies focusing on their mechanisms of action and use in crop breeding and management. In this review we summarize the specific role of SPMs in physiological processes and in plant resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses, and the different strategies to enhance their production/accumulation in plant tissues under stress, including genetic approaches (marker-assisted selection and biotechnological tools) and agronomic management (fertilizer applications, cultivation method and beneficial microorganisms). New crop management strategies based on the direct application of the most promising compounds in form of plant residuals or liquid formulations are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Marone
- Consiglio per la ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria - Centro di Ricerca Cerealicoltura e Colture Industriali, S.S. 673 km 25.200, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Mastrangelo
- Consiglio per la ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria - Centro di Ricerca Cerealicoltura e Colture Industriali, S.S. 673 km 25.200, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Grazia Maria Borrelli
- Consiglio per la ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria - Centro di Ricerca Cerealicoltura e Colture Industriali, S.S. 673 km 25.200, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonia Mores
- Consiglio per la ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria - Centro di Ricerca Cerealicoltura e Colture Industriali, S.S. 673 km 25.200, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Laidò
- Consiglio per la ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria - Centro di Ricerca Cerealicoltura e Colture Industriali, S.S. 673 km 25.200, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria Anna Russo
- Consiglio per la ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria - Centro di Ricerca Cerealicoltura e Colture Industriali, S.S. 673 km 25.200, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Donatella Bianca Maria Ficco
- Consiglio per la ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria - Centro di Ricerca Cerealicoltura e Colture Industriali, S.S. 673 km 25.200, 71122, Foggia, Italy.
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12
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García-Caballero M, Torres-Vargas JA, Marrero AD, Martínez-Poveda B, Medina MÁ, Quesada AR. Angioprevention of Urologic Cancers by Plant-Derived Foods. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020256. [PMID: 35213989 PMCID: PMC8875200 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of cancer cases worldwide keeps growing unstoppably, despite the undeniable advances achieved by basic research and clinical practice. Urologic tumors, including some as prevalent as prostate, bladder or kidney tumors, are no exceptions to this rule. Moreover, the fact that many of these tumors are detected in early stages lengthens the duration of their treatment, with a significant increase in health care costs. In this scenario, prevention offers the most cost-effective long-term strategy for the global control of these diseases. Although specialized diets are not the only way to decrease the chances to develop cancer, epidemiological evidence support the role of certain plant-derived foods in the prevention of urologic cancer. In many cases, these plants are rich in antiangiogenic phytochemicals, which could be responsible for their protective or angiopreventive properties. Angiogenesis inhibition may contribute to slow down the progression of the tumor at very different stages and, for this reason, angiopreventive strategies could be implemented at different levels of chemoprevention, depending on the targeted population. In this review, epidemiological evidence supporting the role of certain plant-derived foods in urologic cancer prevention are presented, with particular emphasis on their content in bioactive phytochemicals that could be used in the angioprevention of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa García-Caballero
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, Andalucía Tech, E-29071 Malaga, Spain; (M.G.-C.); (J.A.T.-V.); (A.D.M.); (B.M.-P.); (M.Á.M.)
- IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga), E-29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - José Antonio Torres-Vargas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, Andalucía Tech, E-29071 Malaga, Spain; (M.G.-C.); (J.A.T.-V.); (A.D.M.); (B.M.-P.); (M.Á.M.)
- IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga), E-29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Ana Dácil Marrero
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, Andalucía Tech, E-29071 Malaga, Spain; (M.G.-C.); (J.A.T.-V.); (A.D.M.); (B.M.-P.); (M.Á.M.)
- IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga), E-29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Beatriz Martínez-Poveda
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, Andalucía Tech, E-29071 Malaga, Spain; (M.G.-C.); (J.A.T.-V.); (A.D.M.); (B.M.-P.); (M.Á.M.)
- IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga), E-29071 Malaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), E-28019 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Medina
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, Andalucía Tech, E-29071 Malaga, Spain; (M.G.-C.); (J.A.T.-V.); (A.D.M.); (B.M.-P.); (M.Á.M.)
- IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga), E-29071 Malaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), E-29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Ana R. Quesada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, Andalucía Tech, E-29071 Malaga, Spain; (M.G.-C.); (J.A.T.-V.); (A.D.M.); (B.M.-P.); (M.Á.M.)
- IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga), E-29071 Malaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), E-29071 Malaga, Spain
- Correspondence:
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13
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Fang H, Zhou Q, Yang Q, Zhou X, Cheng S, Wei B, Li J, Ji S. Influence of Combined Edible Coating with Chitosan and Tea Polyphenol on the Quality Deterioration and Health-promoting Compounds in Harvested Broccoli. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-021-02751-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Oloyede OO, Wagstaff C, Methven L. The Impact of Domestic Cooking Methods on Myrosinase Stability, Glucosinolates and Their Hydrolysis Products in Different Cabbage ( Brassica oleracea) Accessions. Foods 2021; 10:2908. [PMID: 34945460 PMCID: PMC8700523 DOI: 10.3390/foods10122908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucosinolate hydrolysis products are responsible for the health-promoting properties of Brassica vegetables. The impact of domestic cooking on the myrosinase stability, glucosinolates and hydrolysis products in 18 cabbage accession was investigated. Cabbages were steamed, microwaved, and stir-fried before analysis. Cooking significantly affected myrosinase stability and glucosinolate concentrations within and between cabbage morphotypes. Myrosinase was most stable after stir-frying, with up to 65% residual activity. Steaming and microwaving resulted in over 90% loss of myrosinase activity in some accessions. Stir-frying resulted in the greatest decrease in glucosinolate concentration, resulting in up to 70% loss. Steamed cabbages retained the highest glucosinolates after cooking (up to 97%). The profile and abundance of glucosinolate hydrolysis products detected varied across all cooking methods studied. Cooking reduced the amounts of nitriles and epithionitriles formed compared to raw samples. Steaming led to a significant increase in the concentration of beneficial isothiocyanates present in the cabbage and a significantly lower level of nitriles compared to other samples. Microwaving led to a reduction in the concentrations of both nitriles and isothiocyanates when compared to other cooking methods and raw cabbage. The results obtained help provide information on the optimal cooking methods for cabbage, suggesting that steaming may be the best approach to maximising beneficial isothiocyanate production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omobolanle O. Oloyede
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Harry Nursten Building, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6DZ, UK; (C.W.); (L.M.)
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15
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Oloyede OO, Wagstaff C, Methven L. Influence of Cabbage ( Brassica oleracea) Accession and Growing Conditions on Myrosinase Activity, Glucosinolates and Their Hydrolysis Products. Foods 2021; 10:foods10122903. [PMID: 34945451 PMCID: PMC8700869 DOI: 10.3390/foods10122903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucosinolates are secondary plant metabolites present in Brassica vegetables. The endogenous enzyme myrosinase is responsible for the hydrolysis of glucosinolates, yielding a variety of compounds, including health-promoting isothiocyanates. The influence of cabbage accession and growing conditions on myrosinase activity, glucosinolates (GSL) and their hydrolysis products (GHPs) of 18 gene-bank cabbage accessions was studied. Growing conditions, cabbage morphotype and accession all significantly affected myrosinase activity and concentration of glucosinolates and their hydrolysis products. In general, cabbages grown in the field with lower growth temperatures had significantly higher myrosinase activity than glasshouse samples. Profile and concentration of glucosinolates and their hydrolysis products differed across the accessions studied. Aliphatic glucosinolates accounted for more than 60 % of total glucosinolates in most of the samples assessed. Nitriles and epithionitriles were the most abundant hydrolysis products formed. The results obtained showed that consumption of raw cabbages might reduce the amount of beneficial hydrolysis products available to the consumer, as more nitriles were produced from hydrolysis compared to beneficial isothiocyanates. However, red and white cabbages contained high concentrations of glucoraphanin and its isothiocyanate, sulforaphane. This implies that careful selection of accessions with ample concentrations of certain glucosinolates can improve the health benefits derived from raw cabbage consumption.
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16
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Bouranis JA, Beaver LM, Ho E. Metabolic Fate of Dietary Glucosinolates and Their Metabolites: A Role for the Microbiome. Front Nutr 2021; 8:748433. [PMID: 34631775 PMCID: PMC8492924 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.748433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Robust evidence shows that phytochemicals from cruciferous vegetables, like broccoli, are associated with numerous health benefits. The anti-cancer properties of these foods are attributed to bioactive isothiocyanates (ITCs) and indoles, phytochemicals generated from biological precursor compounds called glucosinolates. ITCs, and particularly sulforaphane (SFN), are of intense interest as they block the initiation, and suppress the progression of cancer, through genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. The efficacy of these compounds is well-demonstrated in cell culture and animal models, however, high levels of inter-individual variation in absorption and excretion of ITCs is a significant barrier to the use of dietary glucosinolates to prevent and treat disease. The source of inter-individual ITC variation has yet to be fully elucidated and the gut microbiome may play a key role. This review highlights evidence that the gut microbiome influences the metabolic fate and activity of ITCs. Human feeding trials have shown inter-individual variations in gut microbiome composition coincides with variations in ITC absorption and excretion, and some bacteria produce ITCs from glucosinolates. Additionally, consumption of cruciferous vegetables can alter the composition of the gut microbiome and shift the physiochemical environment of the gut lumen, influencing the production of phytochemicals. Microbiome and diet induced changes to ITC metabolism may lead to the decrease of cancer fighting phytochemicals such as SFN and increase the production of biologically inert ones like SFN-nitrile. We conclude by offering perspective on the use of novel “omics” technologies to elucidate the interplay of the gut microbiome and ITC formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Bouranis
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Laura M Beaver
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Emily Ho
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
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17
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Langston FMA, Nash GR, Bows JR. The retention and bioavailability of phytochemicals in the manufacturing of baked snacks. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:2141-2177. [PMID: 34529547 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1971944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing body of evidence supporting the role that phytochemicals play in reducing the risk of various chronic diseases. Although there has been a rise in health products marketed as being "supergrains," "superfood," or advertising their abundance in antioxidants, these food items are often limited to powdered blends, dried fruit, nuts, or seeds, rarely intercepting the market of baked snacks. This is in part due to the still limited understanding of the impact that different industrial processes have on phytochemicals in a complex food matrix and their corresponding bioavailability. This review brings together the current data on how various industrial dehydration processes influence the retention and bioaccessibility of phytochemicals in baked snacks. It considers the interplay of molecules in an intricate snack matrix, limitations of conventional technologies, and constraints with consumer acceptance preventing wider utilization of novel technologies. Furthermore, the review takes a holistic approach, encompassing each stage of production-discussing the potential for inclusion of by-products to promote a circular economy and the proposal for a shift in agriculture toward biofortification or tailored growing of crops for their nutritional and post-harvest attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faye M A Langston
- Natural Sciences, Streatham Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Geoff R Nash
- Natural Sciences, Streatham Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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18
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Abstract
Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) is one of the most important vegetable crops cultivated worldwide. The market demand for broccoli is still increasing due to its richness in vitamins, anthocyanins, mineral substances, fiber, secondary metabolites and other nutrients. The famous secondary metabolites, glucosinolates, sulforaphane and selenium have protective effects against cancer. Significant progress has been made in fine-mapping and cloning genes that are responsible for important traits; this progress provides a foundation for marker-assisted selection (MAS) in broccoli breeding. Genetic engineering by the well-developed Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation in broccoli has contributed to the improvement of quality; postharvest life; glucosinolate and sulforaphane content; and resistance to insects, pathogens and abiotic stresses. Here, we review recent progress in the genetics and molecular breeding of broccoli. Future perspectives for improving broccoli are also briefly discussed.
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19
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Alcock TD, Thomas CL, Ó Lochlainn S, Pongrac P, Wilson M, Moore C, Reyt G, Vogel-Mikuš K, Kelemen M, Hayden R, Wilson L, Stephenson P, Østergaard L, Irwin JA, Hammond JP, King GJ, Salt DE, Graham NS, White PJ, Broadley MR. Magnesium and calcium overaccumulate in the leaves of a schengen3 mutant of Brassica rapa. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:1616-1631. [PMID: 33831190 PMCID: PMC8260142 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) are essential mineral nutrients poorly supplied in many human food systems. In grazing livestock, Mg and Ca deficiencies are costly welfare issues. Here, we report a Brassica rapa loss-of-function schengen3 (sgn3) mutant, braA.sgn3.a-1, which accumulates twice as much Mg and a third more Ca in its leaves. We mapped braA.sgn3.a to a single recessive locus using a forward ionomic screen of chemically mutagenized lines with subsequent backcrossing and linked-read sequencing of second back-crossed, second filial generation (BC2F2) segregants. Confocal imaging revealed a disrupted root endodermal diffusion barrier, consistent with SGN3 encoding a receptor-like kinase required for normal formation of Casparian strips, as reported in thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana). Analysis of the spatial distribution of elements showed elevated extracellular Mg concentrations in leaves of braA.sgn3.a-1, hypothesized to result from preferential export of excessive Mg from cells to ensure suitable cellular concentrations. This work confirms a conserved role of SGN3 in controlling nutrient homeostasis in B. rapa, and reveals mechanisms by which plants are able to deal with perturbed shoot element concentrations resulting from a "leaky" root endodermal barrier. Characterization of variation in leaf Mg and Ca accumulation across a mutagenized population of B. rapa shows promise for using such populations in breeding programs to increase edible concentrations of essential human and animal nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Alcock
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
- School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Catherine L Thomas
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
- Department of Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Seosamh Ó Lochlainn
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Paula Pongrac
- Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Michael Wilson
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Christopher Moore
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen’s Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Guilhem Reyt
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Katarina Vogel-Mikuš
- Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Rory Hayden
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Lolita Wilson
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Pauline Stephenson
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Lars Østergaard
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Judith A Irwin
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - John P Hammond
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development and the Centre for Food Security, University of Reading, Whiteknights, P.O. Box 237, Reading RG6 6AR, UK
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales 2480, Australia
| | - Graham J King
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales 2480, Australia
| | - David E Salt
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Neil S Graham
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Philip J White
- Ecological Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
- Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Martin R Broadley
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
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20
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Neequaye M, Stavnstrup S, Harwood W, Lawrenson T, Hundleby P, Irwin J, Troncoso-Rey P, Saha S, Traka MH, Mithen R, Østergaard L. CRISPR-Cas9-Mediated Gene Editing of MYB28 Genes Impair Glucoraphanin Accumulation of Brassica oleracea in the Field. CRISPR J 2021; 4:416-426. [PMID: 34152214 DOI: 10.1089/crispr.2021.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Discoveries in model plants grown under optimal conditions can provide important directions for crop improvement. However, it is important to verify whether results can be translated to crop plants grown in the field. In this study, we sought to study the role of MYB28 in the regulation of aliphatic glucosinolate (A-GSL) biosynthesis and associated sulfur metabolism in field-grown Brassica oleracea with the use of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 gene-editing technology. We describe the first myb28 knockout mutant in B. oleracea, and the first CRISPR field trial in the United Kingdom approved and regulated by the UK Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs after the reclassification of gene-edited crops as genetically modified organisms by the European Court of Justice on July 25, 2018. We report that knocking out myb28 results in downregulation of A-GSL biosynthesis genes and reduction in accumulation of the methionine-derived glucosinolate, glucoraphanin, in leaves and florets of field-grown myb28 mutant broccoli plants, whereas accumulation of sulfate, S-methyl cysteine sulfoxide, and indole glucosinolate in leaf and floret tissues remained unchanged. These results demonstrate the potential of gene-editing approaches to translate discoveries in fundamental biological processes for improved crop performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhaela Neequaye
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom and Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom.,Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Sophia Stavnstrup
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom and Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Wendy Harwood
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom and Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Lawrenson
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom and Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Penny Hundleby
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom and Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Judith Irwin
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom and Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Perla Troncoso-Rey
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Shikha Saha
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Maria H Traka
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Mithen
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Lars Østergaard
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom and Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
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21
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Li Z, Liu Y, Yuan S, Han F, Fang Z, Yang L, Zhuang M, Zhang Y, Lv H, Wang Y, Ji J. Fine mapping of the major QTLs for biochemical variation of sulforaphane in broccoli florets using a DH population. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9004. [PMID: 33903705 PMCID: PMC8076207 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88652-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucoraphanin is a major secondary metabolite found in Brassicaceae vegetables, especially broccoli, and its degradation product sulforaphane plays an essential role in anticancer. The fine mapping of sulforaphane metabolism quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in broccoli florets is necessary for future marker-assisted selection strategies. In this study, we utilized a doubled haploid population consisting of 176 lines derived from two inbred lines (86,101 and 90,196) with significant differences in sulforaphane content, coupled with extensive genotypic and phenotypic data from two independent environments. A linkage map consisting of 438 simple sequence repeats markers was constructed, covering a length of 1168.26 cM. A total of 18 QTLs for sulforaphane metabolism in broccoli florets were detected, 10 were detected in 2017, and the other 8 were detected in 2018. The LOD values of all QTLs ranged from 3.06 to 14.47, explaining 1.74-7.03% of the biochemical variation between two years. Finally, 6 QTLs (qSF-C3-1, qSF-C3-2, qSF-C3-3, qSF-C3-5, qSF-C3-6 and qSF-C7) were stably detected in more than one environment, each accounting for 4.54-7.03% of the phenotypic variation explained (PVE) and a total of 30.88-34.86% of PVE. Our study provides new insights into sulforaphane metabolism in broccoli florets and marker-assisted selection breeding in Brassica oleracea crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhansheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Yumei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Suxia Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengqing Han
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyuan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Limei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mu Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yangyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Honghao Lv
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jialei Ji
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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22
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Pacifico D, Lanzanova C, Pagnotta E, Bassolino L, Mastrangelo AM, Marone D, Matteo R, Lo Scalzo R, Balconi C. Sustainable Use of Bioactive Compounds from Solanum Tuberosum and Brassicaceae Wastes and by-Products for Crop Protection-A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:2174. [PMID: 33918886 PMCID: PMC8070479 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Defatted seed meals of oleaginous Brassicaceae, such as Eruca sativa, and potato peel are excellent plant matrices to recover potentially useful biomolecules from industrial processes in a circular strategy perspective aiming at crop protection. These biomolecules, mainly glycoalkaloids and phenols for potato and glucosinolates for Brassicaceae, have been proven to be effective against microbes, fungi, nematodes, insects, and even parasitic plants. Their role in plant protection is overviewed, together with the molecular basis of their synthesis in plant, and the description of their mechanisms of action. Possible genetic and biotechnological strategies are presented to increase their content in plants. Genetic mapping and identification of closely linked molecular markers are useful to identify the loci/genes responsible for their accumulation and transfer them to elite cultivars in breeding programs. Biotechnological approaches can be used to modify their allelic sequence and enhance the accumulation of the bioactive compounds. How the global challenges, such as reducing agri-food waste and increasing sustainability and food safety, could be addressed through bioprotector applications are discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Pacifico
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 00198 Rome, Italy; (C.L.); (E.P.); (L.B.); (A.M.M.); (D.M.); (C.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Chiara Lanzanova
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 00198 Rome, Italy; (C.L.); (E.P.); (L.B.); (A.M.M.); (D.M.); (C.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Eleonora Pagnotta
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 00198 Rome, Italy; (C.L.); (E.P.); (L.B.); (A.M.M.); (D.M.); (C.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Laura Bassolino
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 00198 Rome, Italy; (C.L.); (E.P.); (L.B.); (A.M.M.); (D.M.); (C.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Anna Maria Mastrangelo
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 00198 Rome, Italy; (C.L.); (E.P.); (L.B.); (A.M.M.); (D.M.); (C.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Daniela Marone
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 00198 Rome, Italy; (C.L.); (E.P.); (L.B.); (A.M.M.); (D.M.); (C.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Roberto Matteo
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 00198 Rome, Italy; (C.L.); (E.P.); (L.B.); (A.M.M.); (D.M.); (C.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Roberto Lo Scalzo
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing, 00198 Rome, Italy;
| | - Carlotta Balconi
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 00198 Rome, Italy; (C.L.); (E.P.); (L.B.); (A.M.M.); (D.M.); (C.B.); (R.M.)
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23
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Damerum A, Chapman MA, Taylor G. Innovative breeding technologies in lettuce for improved post-harvest quality. POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY 2020; 168:111266. [PMID: 33012992 PMCID: PMC7397847 DOI: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2020.111266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Societal awareness of healthy eating is increasing alongside the market for processed bagged salads, which remain as one of the strongest growing food sectors internationally, including most recently from indoor growing systems. Lettuce represents a significant proportion of this ready-to-eat salad market. However, such products typically have a short shelf life, with decay of post-harvest quality occurring through complex biochemical and physiological changes in leaves and resulting in spoilage, food waste and risks to health. We review the functional and quantitative genetic understanding of lettuce post-harvest quality, revealing that few findings have translated into improved cultivar development. We identify (i) phytonutrient status (for enhanced antioxidant and vitamin status, aroma and flavour) (ii) leaf biophysical, cell wall and water relations traits (for longer shelf life) (iii) leaf surface traits (for enhanced food safety and reduced spoilage) and (iv) chlorophyll, other pigments and developmental senescence traits (for appearance and colour), as key targets for future post-harvest breeding. Lettuce is well-placed for rapid future exploitation to address postharvest quality traits with extensive genomic resources including the recent release of the lettuce genome and the development of innovative breeding technologies. Although technologies such as CRISPR/Cas genome editing are paving the way for accelerated crop improvement, other equally important resources available for lettuce include extensive germplasm collections, bi-parental mapping and wide populations with genotyping for genomic selection strategies and extensive multiomic datasets for candidate gene discovery. We discuss current progress towards post-harvest quality breeding for lettuce and how such resources may be utilised for future crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle Damerum
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, 95616, USA
| | - Mark A Chapman
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO179BJ, UK
| | - Gail Taylor
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, 95616, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO179BJ, UK
- Corresponding author at: Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, 95616, USA.
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24
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Liu Y, Rossi M, Liang X, Zhang H, Zou L, Ong CN. An Integrated Metabolomics Study of Glucosinolate Metabolism in Different Brassicaceae Genera. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10080313. [PMID: 32751925 PMCID: PMC7463649 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10080313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucosinolates are a group of plant secondary metabolites that can be hydrolyzed into a variety of breakdown products such as isothiocyanates, thiocyanates, and nitriles. These breakdown products can facilitate plant defense and function as attractants to natural enemies of insect pests. As part of the diet, some of these compounds have shown cancer-preventing activities, and the levels of these metabolites in the edible parts of the plants are of interest. In this study, we systematically examined variations in glucosinolates, their precursors, and their breakdown products in 12 commonly consumed vegetables of the Brassicaceae family with gas chromatography—quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (GC-Q-TOF/MS), liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (LC-Q-TOF/MS), and liquid chromatography—triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (LC-QQQ/MS), using both untargeted and targeted approaches. The findings were integrated with data from literature to provide a comprehensive map of pathways for biosynthesis of glucosinolates and isothiocyanates. The levels of precursor glucosinolates are found to correlate well with their downstream breakdown products. Further, the types and abundances of glucosinolates among different genera are significantly different, and these data allow the classification of plants based on morphological taxonomy. Further validation on three genera, which are grown underground, in damp soil, and above ground, suggests that each genus has its specific biosynthetic pathways and that there are variations in some common glucosinolate biosynthesis pathways. Our methods and results provide a good starting point for further investigations into specific aspects of glucosinolate metabolism in the Brassica vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China;
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore; (M.R.); (L.Z.)
| | - Merja Rossi
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore; (M.R.); (L.Z.)
| | - Xu Liang
- National University of Singapore (NUS) Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore; (X.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Hui Zhang
- National University of Singapore (NUS) Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore; (X.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Li Zou
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore; (M.R.); (L.Z.)
| | - Choon Nam Ong
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore; (M.R.); (L.Z.)
- National University of Singapore (NUS) Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore; (X.L.); (H.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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25
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Sulforaphane-enriched extracts from glucoraphanin-rich broccoli exert antimicrobial activity against gut pathogens in vitro and innovative cooking methods increase in vivo intestinal delivery of sulforaphane. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:1263-1276. [PMID: 32651764 PMCID: PMC7987625 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02322-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Studies on broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) indicate beneficial effects against a range of chronic diseases, commonly attributed to their bioactive phytochemicals. Sulforaphane, the bioactive form of glucoraphanin, is formed by the action of the indigenous enzyme myrosinase. This study explored the role that digestion and cooking practices play in bioactivity and bioavailability, especially the rarely considered dose delivered to the colon. Methods The antimicrobial activity of sulforaphane extracts from raw, cooked broccoli and cooked broccoli plus mustard seeds (as a source myrosinase) was assessed. The persistence of broccoli phytochemicals in the upper gastrointestinal tract was analysed in the ileal fluid of 11 ileostomates fed, in a cross-over design, broccoli soup prepared with and without mustard seeds. Results The raw broccoli had no antimicrobial activity, except against Bacillus cereus, but cooked broccoli (with and without mustard seeds) showed considerable antimicrobial activity against various tested pathogens. The recovery of sulforaphane in ileal fluids post soup consumption was < 1% but the addition of mustard seeds increased colon-available sulforaphane sixfold. However, when sulforaphane was extracted from the ileal fluid with the highest sulforaphane content and tested against Escherichia coli K12, no inhibitory effects were observed. Analysis of glucosinolates composition in ileal fluids revealed noticeable inter-individual differences, with six “responding” participants showing increases in glucosinolates after broccoli soup consumption. Conclusions Sulforaphane-rich broccoli extracts caused potent antimicrobial effects in vitro, and the consumption of sulforaphane-enriched broccoli soup may inhibit bacterial growth in the stomach and upper small intestine, but not in the terminal ileum or the colon. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00394-020-02322-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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26
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Koper JEB, Kortekaas M, Loonen LMP, Huang Z, Wells JM, Gill CIR, Pourshahidi LK, McDougall G, Rowland I, Pereira-Caro G, Fogliano V, Capuano E. Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor activation during in vitro and in vivo digestion of raw and cooked broccoli (brassica oleracea var. Italica). Food Funct 2020; 11:4026-4037. [PMID: 32323699 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00472c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Broccoli is rich in glucosinolates, which can be converted upon chewing and processing into Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) ligands. Activation of AhR plays an important role in overall gut homeostasis but the role of broccoli processing on the generation of AhR ligands is still largely unknown. In this study, the effects of temperature, cooking method (steaming versus boiling), gastric pH and further digestion of broccoli on AhR activation were investigated in vitro and in ileostomy subjects. For the in vitro study, raw, steamed (t = 3 min and t = 6 min) and boiled (t = 3 min and t = 6 min) broccoli were digested in vitro with different gastric pH. In the in vivo ileostomy study, 8 subjects received a broccoli soup or a broccoli soup plus an exogenous myrosinase source. AhR activation was measured in both in vitro and in vivo samples by using HepG2-Lucia™ AhR reporter cells. Cooking broccoli reduced the AhR activation measured after gastric digestion in vitro, but no effect of gastric pH was found. Indole AhR ligands were not detected or detected at very low levels both after intestinal in vitro digestion and in the ileostomy patient samples, which resulted in no AhR activation. This suggests that the evaluation of the relevance of glucosinolates for AhR modulation in the gut cannot prescind from the way broccoli is processed, and that broccoli consumption does not necessarily produce substantial amounts of AhR ligands in the large intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonna E B Koper
- Wageningen University, Department of Agrotechnology & Food Sciences, The Netherlands.
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27
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Wang J, Yu H, Zhao Z, Sheng X, Shen Y, Gu H. Natural Variation of Glucosinolates and Their Breakdown Products in Broccoli ( Brassica oleracea var . italica) Seeds. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:12528-12537. [PMID: 31631662 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Seeds of 32 pure lines and 6 commercial broccoli cultivars were used to investigate variation in glucosinolates and their breakdown products. The aliphatic glucosinolate content was 54.5-218.7 μmol/g fresh weight, accounting for >90% of the total glucosinolates. The major glucosinolates found were glucoraphanin and glucoerucin in 27 samples and progoitrin in 7 samples. A gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) method was used to identify glucosinolate breakdown products; nine products were directly determined using standards. Using Arabidopsis thaliana lines myb28myb29 and Landsberg erecta to hydrolyze each reference glucosinolate, seven products were tentatively identified. 4-(Methylsulfinyl)butyl isothiocyanate and 5-(methylsulfinyl)pentanenitrile contents were 2.6-91.1 μmol/g fresh weight and 0-35.4 μmol/g fresh weight, respectively, with epithionitriles being more common than nitriles in accessions rich in alkenyl glucosinolate. Additionally, (S)-5-vinyl-1,3-oxazolidine-2-thione was detected in accessions rich in progoitrin. Specific lines with altered glucosinolate profiles and breakdown products were obtained and discussed according to the putative glucosinolate metabolism pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiansheng Wang
- Institute of Vegetables , Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310021 , People's Republic of China
| | - Huifang Yu
- Institute of Vegetables , Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310021 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenqing Zhao
- Institute of Vegetables , Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310021 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoguang Sheng
- Institute of Vegetables , Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310021 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yusen Shen
- Institute of Vegetables , Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310021 , People's Republic of China
| | - Honghui Gu
- Institute of Vegetables , Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310021 , People's Republic of China
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28
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Yagishita Y, Fahey JW, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Kensler TW. Broccoli or Sulforaphane: Is It the Source or Dose That Matters? Molecules 2019; 24:E3593. [PMID: 31590459 PMCID: PMC6804255 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is robust epidemiological evidence for the beneficial effects of broccoli consumption on health, many of them clearly mediated by the isothiocyanate sulforaphane. Present in the plant as its precursor, glucoraphanin, sulforaphane is formed through the actions of myrosinase, a β-thioglucosidase present in either the plant tissue or the mammalian microbiome. Since first isolated from broccoli and demonstrated to have cancer chemoprotective properties in rats in the early 1990s, over 3000 publications have described its efficacy in rodent disease models, underlying mechanisms of action or, to date, over 50 clinical trials examining pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and disease mitigation. This review evaluates the current state of knowledge regarding the relationships between formulation (e.g., plants, sprouts, beverages, supplements), bioavailability and efficacy, and the doses of glucoraphanin and/or sulforaphane that have been used in pre-clinical and clinical studies. We pay special attention to the challenges for better integration of animal model and clinical studies, particularly with regard to selection of dose and route of administration. More effort is required to elucidate underlying mechanisms of action and to develop and validate biomarkers of pharmacodynamic action in humans. A sobering lesson is that changes in approach will be required to implement a public health paradigm for dispensing benefit across all spectrums of the global population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Yagishita
- Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - Jed W Fahey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
- Cullman Chemoprotection Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Albena T Dinkova-Kostova
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
- Cullman Chemoprotection Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland DD1 9SY, UK.
| | - Thomas W Kensler
- Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
- Cullman Chemoprotection Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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29
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Livingstone TL, Beasy G, Mills RD, Plumb J, Needs PW, Mithen R, Traka MH. Plant Bioactives and the Prevention of Prostate Cancer: Evidence from Human Studies. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092245. [PMID: 31540470 PMCID: PMC6769996 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer has become the most common form of non-cutaneous (internal) malignancy in men, accounting for 26% of all new male visceral cancer cases in the UK. The aetiology and pathogenesis of prostate cancer are not understood, but given the age-adjusted geographical variations in prostate cancer incidence quoted in epidemiological studies, there is increasing interest in nutrition as a relevant factor. In particular, foods rich in phytochemicals have been proposed to reduce the risk of prostate cancer. Epidemiological studies have reported evidence that plant-based foods including cruciferous vegetables, garlic, tomatoes, pomegranate and green tea are associated with a significant reduction in the progression of prostate cancer. However, while there is well-documented mechanistic evidence at a cellular level of the manner by which individual dietary components may reduce the risk of prostate cancer or its progression, evidence from intervention studies is limited. Moreover, clinical trials investigating the link between the dietary bioactives found in these foods and prostate cancer have reported varied conclusions. Herein, we review the plant bioactives for which there is substantial evidence from epidemiological and human intervention studies. The aim of this review is to provide important insights into how particular plant bioactives (e.g., sulfur-containing compounds, carotenoids and polyphenols) present in commonly consumed food groups may influence the development and progression of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey L. Livingstone
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7UQ, UK; (T.L.L.); (J.P.); (P.W.N.); (R.M.)
- Urology Department, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Colney Lane Norwich NR4 7UY, UK;
| | - Gemma Beasy
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7UQ, UK; (T.L.L.); (J.P.); (P.W.N.); (R.M.)
| | - Robert D. Mills
- Urology Department, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Colney Lane Norwich NR4 7UY, UK;
| | - Jenny Plumb
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7UQ, UK; (T.L.L.); (J.P.); (P.W.N.); (R.M.)
| | - Paul W. Needs
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7UQ, UK; (T.L.L.); (J.P.); (P.W.N.); (R.M.)
| | - Richard Mithen
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7UQ, UK; (T.L.L.); (J.P.); (P.W.N.); (R.M.)
- The Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, 84 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland 92019, New Zealand
| | - Maria H. Traka
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7UQ, UK; (T.L.L.); (J.P.); (P.W.N.); (R.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +4-4(0)16-032-55194
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Kopriva S, Malagoli M, Takahashi H. Sulfur nutrition: impacts on plant development, metabolism, and stress responses. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:4069-4073. [PMID: 31423538 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kopriva
- Botanical Institute and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mario Malagoli
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Hideki Takahashi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Chiu YC, Matak K, Ku KM. Methyl jasmonate treated broccoli: Impact on the production of glucosinolates and consumer preferences. Food Chem 2019; 299:125099. [PMID: 31299513 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Applying methyl jasmonate can mimic the defense response to insect damage in broccoli and enhances the production of glucosinolates, especially inducible indolyl GS-neoglucobrassicin. Previous studies have suggested that glucosinolates and their hydrolysis products are anti-carcinogenic. Therefore, MeJA treatment may increase the nutritional quality of broccoli. However, there are few reports on the sensory evaluation and consumer acceptance of MeJA-treated broccoli. In this study, an untrained consumer panel could not detect any taste differences between steamed MeJA-treated and untreated broccoli, even though the steamed MeJA-treated broccoli contained 50% more glucosinolates than untreated broccoli. The partial least square-regression model suggested that neoglucobrassicin-derived hydrolysis compounds were the major metabolites that determined overall preference for raw MeJA-treated broccoli potentially due to their potential negative sensory qualities. The results imply that MeJA treatment can increase the nutritional quality of broccoli without sacrificing taste in precooked meals or frozen vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chun Chiu
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Kristen Matak
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Kang-Mo Ku
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61886, Republic of Korea.
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Traka MH, Melchini A, Coode-Bate J, Al Kadhi O, Saha S, Defernez M, Troncoso-Rey P, Kibblewhite H, O'Neill CM, Bernuzzi F, Mythen L, Hughes J, Needs PW, Dainty JR, Savva GM, Mills RD, Ball RY, Cooper CS, Mithen RF. Transcriptional changes in prostate of men on active surveillance after a 12-mo glucoraphanin-rich broccoli intervention-results from the Effect of Sulforaphane on prostate CAncer PrEvention (ESCAPE) randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 109:1133-1144. [PMID: 30982861 PMCID: PMC6462431 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological evidence suggests that consumption of cruciferous vegetables is associated with reduced risk of prostate cancer progression, largely attributed to the biological activity of glucosinolate degradation products, such as sulforaphane derived from glucoraphanin. Because there are few therapeutic interventions for men on active surveillance for prostate cancer to reduce the risk of cancer progression, dietary approaches are an appealing option for patients. OBJECTIVE We evaluated whether consumption of a glucoraphanin-rich broccoli soup for 1 y leads to changes in gene expression in prostate tissue of men with localized prostate cancer. METHODS Forty-nine men on active surveillance completed a 3-arm parallel randomized double-blinded intervention study for 12 mo and underwent transperineal template biopsy procedures and dietary assessment at the start and end of the study. Patients received a weekly 300 mL portion of soup made from a standard broccoli (control) or from 1 of 2 experimental broccoli genotypes with enhanced concentrations of glucoraphanin, delivering 3 and 7 times that of the control, respectively. Gene expression in tissues from each patient obtained before and after the dietary intervention was quantified by RNA sequencing followed by gene set enrichment analyses. RESULTS In the control arm, there were several hundred changes in gene expression in nonneoplastic tissue during the 12 mo. These were associated with an increase in expression of potentially oncogenic pathways including inflammation processes and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Changes in gene expression and associated oncogenic pathways were attenuated in men on the glucoraphanin-rich broccoli soup in a dose-dependent manner. Although the study was not powered to assess clinical progression, an inverse association between consumption of cruciferous vegetables and cancer progression was observed. CONCLUSION Consuming glucoraphanin-rich broccoli soup affected gene expression in the prostate of men on active surveillance, consistent with a reduction in the risk of cancer progression. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01950143.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria H Traka
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jack Coode-Bate
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom,Department of Urology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Omar Al Kadhi
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom,Department of Urology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Shikha Saha
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Laura Mythen
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Jackie Hughes
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Paul W Needs
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Jack R Dainty
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | - Robert D Mills
- Department of Urology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Y Ball
- Norfolk and Waveney Cellular Pathology Service, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Colin S Cooper
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Richard F Mithen
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom,Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, New Zealand,Address correspondence to RFM (e-mail: )
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Rocket science: A review of phytochemical & health-related research in Eruca & Diplotaxis species. Food Chem X 2019; 1:100002. [PMID: 31423483 PMCID: PMC6690419 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2018.100002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent phytochemical research in rocket species is critically reviewed. Glucosinolates and hydrolysis products change over growth and shelf life. Experiments should better consider and account for commercial practices. Research should be focused on providing benefits to the end consumer.
Rocket species (Eruca spp. and Diplotaxis spp.) are becoming increasingly important leafy salad crops across the world. Numerous scientific research papers have been published in recent years surrounding the potential health benefits associated with phytochemicals contained in leaves, such as flavonoids and isothiocyanates. Other research of note has also been conducted into the unique taste and flavour properties of leaves, which can be hot, peppery, bitter, and sweet depending upon the genotype and phytochemical composition. While research into these aspects is increasing, some studies lack cohesion and in-depth knowledge of commercial breeding and cultivation practices that makes interpretation and application of results difficult. This review draws together all significant research findings in these crops over the last five years, and highlights areas that require further exploration and/or resolution. We also advise on experimental considerations for these species to allow for more meaningful utilisation of findings in the commercial sector.
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Marino D, Moran JF. Can Ammonium Stress Be Positive for Plant Performance? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1103. [PMID: 31608080 PMCID: PMC6771378 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Marino
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
- *Correspondence: Daniel Marino, ; Jose Fernando Moran,
| | - Jose Fernando Moran
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology (IMAB), Public University of Navarre (UPNA), Mutilva, Spain
- *Correspondence: Daniel Marino, ; Jose Fernando Moran,
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Petersen A, Wang C, Crocoll C, Halkier BA. Biotechnological approaches in glucosinolate production. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 60:1231-1248. [PMID: 30080309 PMCID: PMC6585788 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolates (GLSs) are sulfur-rich, amino acid-derived defense compounds characteristic of the Brassicales order. In the past, GLSs were mostly known as anti-nutritional factors in fodder, biopesticides in agriculture, and flavors in condiments such as mustard. However, in recent times, GLSs have received increased attention as promoters of human health. This has spurred intensive research towards generating rich sources of health-promoting GLSs. We provide a comprehensive overview of the biotechnological approaches applied to reach this goal. This includes optimization of GLS production and composition in native, GLS-producing plants, including hairy root and cell cultures thereof, as well as synthetic biology approaches in heterologous hosts, such as tobacco and the microbial organisms Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The progress using these different approaches is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Petersen
- DynaMo CenterCopenhagen Plant Science CentreDepartment of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenThorvaldsensvej 401871 Frederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Cuiwei Wang
- DynaMo CenterCopenhagen Plant Science CentreDepartment of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenThorvaldsensvej 401871 Frederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Christoph Crocoll
- DynaMo CenterCopenhagen Plant Science CentreDepartment of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenThorvaldsensvej 401871 Frederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Barbara Ann Halkier
- DynaMo CenterCopenhagen Plant Science CentreDepartment of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenThorvaldsensvej 401871 Frederiksberg CDenmark
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Induction of Apoptosis and Cytotoxicity by Raphasatin in Human Breast Adenocarcinoma MCF-7 Cells. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123092. [PMID: 30486382 PMCID: PMC6321584 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucoraphasatin (GRH), a glucosinolate present abundantly in the plants of the Brassicaceae family, is hydrolyzed by myrosinase to raphasatin, which is considered responsible for its cancer chemopreventive activity; however, the underlying mechanisms of action have not been investigated, particularly in human cell lines. The aims of this study are to determine the cytotoxicity of raphasatin, and to evaluate its potential to cause apoptosis and modulate cell cycle arrest in human breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cells. The cytotoxicity was determined following incubation of the cells with glucoraphasatin or raphasatin (0–100 µM), for 24, 48, and 72 h. GRH displayed no cytotoxicity as exemplified by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. When myrosinase was added to the incubation system to convert GRH to raphasatin, cytotoxicity was evident. Exposure of the cells to raphasatin stimulated apoptosis, as was exemplified by cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, and nuclear fragmentation. Moreover, using Annexin V-FITC assay, raphasatin induced apoptosis, as witnessed by changes in cellular distribution of cells, at different stages of apoptosis; in addition, raphasatin caused the arrest of the MCF-7 cells at the G2 + M phase. In conclusion, raphasatin demonstrated cancer chemopreventive potential against human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cells, through induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest.
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Iron is a centrally bound cofactor of specifier proteins involved in glucosinolate breakdown. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205755. [PMID: 30395611 PMCID: PMC6218027 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucosinolates, a group of sulfur-rich thioglucosides found in plants of the order Brassicales, have attracted a lot of interest as chemical defenses of plants and health promoting substances in human diet. They are accumulated separately from their hydrolyzing enzymes, myrosinases, within the intact plant, but undergo myrosinase-catalyzed hydrolysis upon tissue disruption. This results in various biologically active products, e.g. isothiocyanates, simple nitriles, epithionitriles, and organic thiocyanates. While formation of isothiocyanates proceeds by a spontaneous rearrangement of the glucosinolate aglucone, aglucone conversion to the other products involves specifier proteins under physiological conditions. Specifier proteins appear to act with high specificity, but their exact roles and the structural bases of their specificity are presently unknown. Previous research identified the motif EXXXDXXXH as potential iron binding site required for activity, but crystal structures of recombinant specifier proteins lacked the iron cofactor. Here, we provide experimental evidence for the presence of iron (most likely Fe2+) in purified recombinant thiocyanate-forming protein from Thlaspi arvense (TaTFP) using a Ferene S-based photometric assay as well as Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry. Iron binding and activity depend on E266, D270, and H274 suggesting a direct interaction of Fe2+ with these residues. Furthermore, we demonstrate presence of iron in epithiospecifier protein and nitrile-specifier protein 3 from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtESP and AtNSP3). We also present a homology model of AtNSP3. In agreement with this model, iron binding and activity of AtNSP3 depend on E386, D390, and H394. The homology model further suggests that the active site of AtNSP3 imposes fewer restrictions to the glucosinolate aglucone conformation than that of TaTFP and AtESP due to its larger size. This may explain why AtNSP3 does not support epithionitrile or thiocyanate formation, which likely requires exact positioning of the aglucone thiolate relative to the side chain.
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Sivapalan T, Melchini A, Saha S, Needs PW, Traka MH, Tapp H, Dainty JR, Mithen RF. Bioavailability of Glucoraphanin and Sulforaphane from High-Glucoraphanin Broccoli. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1700911. [PMID: 29266773 PMCID: PMC6175108 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Broccoli accumulates 4-methylsulphinylbutyl glucosinolate (glucoraphanin) which is hydrolyzed to the isothiocyanate sulforaphane. Through the introgression of novel alleles of the Myb28 transcription factor from Brassica villosa, broccoli genotypes have been developed that have enhanced levels of glucoraphanin. This study seeks to quantify the exposure of human tissues to glucoraphanin and sulforaphane following consumption of broccoli with contrasting Myb28 genotypes. METHODS AND RESULTS Ten participants are recruited into a three-phase, double-blinded, randomized crossover trial (NCT02300324), with each phase comprising consumption of 300 g of a soup made from broccoli of one of three Myb28 genotypes (Myb28B/B , Myb28B/V , Myb28V/V ). Plant myrosinases are intentionally denatured during soup manufacture. Threefold and fivefold higher levels of sulforaphane occur in the circulation following consumption of Myb28V/B and Myb28V/V broccoli soups, respectively. The percentage of sulforaphane excreted in 24 h relative to the amount of glucoraphanin consumed varies among volunteers from 2 to 15%, but does not depend on the broccoli genotype. CONCLUSION This is the first study to report the bioavailability of glucoraphanin and sulforaphane from soups made with novel broccoli varieties. The presence of one or two Myb28V alleles results in enhanced delivery of sulforaphane to the systemic circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharsini Sivapalan
- Food and Health ProgrammeQuadram Institute BioscienceNorwichUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Shikha Saha
- Food and Health ProgrammeQuadram Institute BioscienceNorwichUnited Kingdom
| | - Paul W. Needs
- Food and Health ProgrammeQuadram Institute BioscienceNorwichUnited Kingdom
| | - Maria H. Traka
- Food and Health ProgrammeQuadram Institute BioscienceNorwichUnited Kingdom
| | - Henri Tapp
- Analytical Support UnitQuadram Institute BioscienceNorwichUnited Kingdom
| | - Jack R. Dainty
- Analytical Support UnitQuadram Institute BioscienceNorwichUnited Kingdom
| | - Richard F. Mithen
- Food and Health ProgrammeQuadram Institute BioscienceNorwichUnited Kingdom
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Tian M, Yang Y, Ávila FW, Fish T, Yuan H, Hui M, Pan S, Thannhauser TW, Li L. Effects of Selenium Supplementation on Glucosinolate Biosynthesis in Broccoli. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:8036-8044. [PMID: 29975053 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se)-enriched broccoli has health-beneficial selenium-containing compounds, but it may contain reduced amounts of chemopreventive glucosinolates. To investigate the basis by which Se treatment influences glucosinolate levels, we treated two broccoli cultivars with 25 μM Na2SeO4. We found that Se supplementation suppressed the accumulation of total glucosinolates, particularly glucoraphanin, the direct precursor of a potent anticancer compound, in broccoli florets and leaves. We showed that the suppression was not associated with plant sulfur nutrition. The levels of the glucosinolate precursors methionine and phenylalanine as well as the expression of genes involved in glucosinolate biosynthesis were greatly decreased following Se supplementation. Comparative proteomic analysis identified proteins in multiple metabolic and cellular processes that were greatly affected and detected an enzyme affecting methionine biosynthesis that was reduced in the Se-biofortified broccoli. These results indicate that Se-conferred glucosinolate reduction is associated with negative effects on precursor amino acid biosynthesis and glucosinolate-biosynthetic-gene expression and provide information for a better understanding of glucosinolate accumulation in response to Se supplementation in broccoli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Tian
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , China
| | - Yong Yang
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Fabricio William Ávila
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
- State University of Mid West, UNICENTRO , Irati , Paraná 84500-000 , Brazil
| | - Tara Fish
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Hui Yuan
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Maixia Hui
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
- College of Horticulture , Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100 , China
| | - Siyi Pan
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , China
| | - Theodore W Thannhauser
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Li Li
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
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Bell L, Oloyede OO, Lignou S, Wagstaff C, Methven L. Taste and Flavor Perceptions of Glucosinolates, Isothiocyanates, and Related Compounds. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1700990. [PMID: 29578640 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Brassicaceae plants are renowned for their taste, aroma and trigeminal characteristics; predominantly bitter taste, sulfurous aroma, and pungency. Compounds responsible for these sensations include the glucosinolates (GSLs) and their hydrolysis products, particularly isothiocyanates (ITCs), but also sulfur-containing volatile compounds. This article reviews the relative importance of taste and flavor perceptions resulting from such compounds; collating evidence from papers where findings are based on sensory analytical correlations, and those that have extracted specific compounds prior to sensory evaluation. Where specific GSLs impart bitterness and many ITCs impart pungency, this is clearly not true for all GSLs and ITCs. Designing crop improvement strategies for sensory traits based on total GSL content would be flawed, as it does not consider the relative differences in sensory characteristics of different GSLs and ITCs, nor the contribution from other GSL hydrolysis products. In addition, some Brassicaceae plants are consumed raw, whilst others are cooked; this affects not only the hydrolysis of GSLs, but also the generation and release of sulfides. Therefore, in breeding new plant varieties, it is prudent to consider the individual GSLs, the typical cooking conditions the plant is subjected to, enzyme stability, and resultant composition of both GSL hydrolysis products (including ITCs) and sulfides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Bell
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AP, Berkshire, UK
| | - Omobolanle O Oloyede
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AP, Berkshire, UK
| | - Stella Lignou
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AP, Berkshire, UK
| | - Carol Wagstaff
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AP, Berkshire, UK
| | - Lisa Methven
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AP, Berkshire, UK
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Kim SY, Park JE, Kim EO, Lim SJ, Nam EJ, Yun JH, Yoo G, Oh SR, Kim HS, Nho CW. Exposure of kale root to NaCl and Na 2SeO 3 increases isothiocyanate levels and Nrf2 signalling without reducing plant root growth. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3999. [PMID: 29507323 PMCID: PMC5838157 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22411-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A plant factory is a closed cultivation system that provides a consistent and modified environment for plant growth. We speculated that treatment of kale (Brassica oleracea) grown in a plant factory with NaCl, Na2SeO3, or both would increase the bioactive phytochemical levels including glucosinolates (GLSs) and isothiocyanates (ITCs), the key molecules in cancer prevention. The kale was harvested and analysed after treatment with NaCl and Na2SeO3 alone or in combination for 1 or 2 weeks. Exposure to NaCl alone but not Na2SeO3 increased plant root growth. Levels of sinigrin were increased by a 2-week exposure to Na2SeO3 alone or in combination with NaCl, whereas no changes were observed in glucoraphanin and gluconasturtiin gluconasturtiin levels. Importantly, the ITC concentration was affected by 2-week treatment with both compounds. To evaluate the bioactivity of kale, HepG2 human hepatoma cells were treated with plant extract for 6 h. Only the extract of kale roots exposed to a combination NaCl and Na2SeO3 for 2 weeks showed an increased expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2), which regulates genes encoding antioxidant proteins. These data suggest that co-treatment with NaCl and Na2SeO3 increased the ITC content and chemopreventive effects of kale root.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Young Kim
- Convergence Research Center for Smart Farm Solution, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, 25451, Korea
| | - Jai-Eok Park
- Convergence Research Center for Smart Farm Solution, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, 25451, Korea
| | - Eun Ok Kim
- Convergence Research Center for Smart Farm Solution, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, 25451, Korea
| | - Sue Ji Lim
- Convergence Research Center for Smart Farm Solution, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, 25451, Korea
| | - Eui Jeong Nam
- Convergence Research Center for Smart Farm Solution, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, 25451, Korea
| | - Ji Ho Yun
- Convergence Research Center for Smart Farm Solution, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, 25451, Korea
| | - GyHye Yoo
- Convergence Research Center for Smart Farm Solution, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, 25451, Korea
| | - Sang-Rok Oh
- Convergence Research Center for Smart Farm Solution, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, 25451, Korea
| | - Hyoung Seok Kim
- Convergence Research Center for Smart Farm Solution, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, 25451, Korea
| | - Chu Won Nho
- Convergence Research Center for Smart Farm Solution, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, 25451, Korea.
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Castillejo N, Martínez-Hernández GB, Lozano-Guerrero AJ, Pedreño-Molina JL, Gómez PA, Aguayo E, Artés F, Artés-Hernández F. Microwave heating modelling of a green smoothie: Effects on glucoraphanin, sulforaphane and S-methyl cysteine sulfoxide changes during storage. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:1863-1872. [PMID: 28885683 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The heating of a green smoothie during an innovative semi-continuous microwave treatment (MW; 9 kW for 15 s) was modelled. Thermal and dielectric properties of the samples were previously determined. Furthermore, the heating effect on the main chemopreventive compounds of the smoothie and during its subsequent storage up to 30 days at 5 or 15 °C were studied. Such results were compared to conventional pasteurisation (CP; 90 °C for 45 s) while unheated fresh blended samples were used as the control. RESULTS A procedure was developed to predict the temperature distribution in samples inside the MW oven with the help of numerical tools. MW-treated samples showed the highest sulforaphane formation after 20 days, regardless of the storage temperature, while its content was two-fold reduced in CP samples. Storage of the smoothie at 5 °C is crucial for maximising the levels of the bioactive compound S-methyl cysteine sulfoxide. CONCLUSION The proposed MW treatment can be used by the food industry to obtain an excellent homogeneous heating of a green smoothie product retaining high levels of bioactive compounds during subsequent retail/domestic storage up to 1 month at 5 °C. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Castillejo
- Postharvest and Refrigeration Group, Department of Food Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ginés Benito Martínez-Hernández
- Postharvest and Refrigeration Group, Department of Food Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Murcia, Spain
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio José Lozano-Guerrero
- Departamento de Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Pedreño-Molina
- Departamento de Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Murcia, Spain
| | - Perla A Gómez
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Murcia, Spain
| | - Encarna Aguayo
- Postharvest and Refrigeration Group, Department of Food Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Murcia, Spain
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco Artés
- Postharvest and Refrigeration Group, Department of Food Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Murcia, Spain
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco Artés-Hernández
- Postharvest and Refrigeration Group, Department of Food Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Murcia, Spain
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Murcia, Spain
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43
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Isothiocyanates and Xenobiotic Detoxification. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1700916. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Li B, Tang M, Nelson A, Caligagan H, Zhou X, Clark-Wiest C, Ngo R, Brady SM, Kliebenstein DJ. Network-Guided Discovery of Extensive Epistasis between Transcription Factors Involved in Aliphatic Glucosinolate Biosynthesis. THE PLANT CELL 2018; 30:178-195. [PMID: 29317470 PMCID: PMC5810574 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.17.00805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plants use diverse mechanisms influenced by vast regulatory networks of indefinite scale to adapt to their environment. These regulatory networks have an unknown potential for epistasis between genes within and across networks. To test for epistasis within an adaptive trait genetic network, we generated and tested 47 Arabidopsis thaliana double mutant combinations for 20 transcription factors, which all influence the accumulation of aliphatic glucosinolates, the defense metabolites that control fitness. The epistatic combinations were used to test if there is more or less epistasis depending on gene membership within the same or different phenotypic subnetworks. Extensive epistasis was observed between the transcription factors, regardless of subnetwork membership. Metabolite accumulation displayed antagonistic epistasis, suggesting the presence of a buffering mechanism. Epistasis affecting enzymatic estimated activity was highly conditional on the tissue and environment and shifted between both antagonistic and synergistic forms. Transcriptional analysis showed that epistasis shifts depend on how the trait is measured. Because the 47 combinations described here represent a small sampling of the potential epistatic combinations in this genetic network, there is potential for significantly more epistasis. Additionally, the main effect of the individual gene was not predictive of the epistatic effects, suggesting that there is a need for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohua Li
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616
| | - Michelle Tang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616
| | - Ayla Nelson
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616
| | - Hart Caligagan
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616
| | - Xue Zhou
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616
| | - Caitlin Clark-Wiest
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616
| | - Richard Ngo
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616
| | - Siobhan M Brady
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616
| | - Daniel J Kliebenstein
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616
- DynaMo Center of Excellence, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Bell L, Wagstaff C. Enhancement Of Glucosinolate and Isothiocyanate Profiles in Brassicaceae Crops: Addressing Challenges in Breeding for Cultivation, Storage, and Consumer-Related Traits. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:9379-9403. [PMID: 28968493 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolates (GSLs) and isothiocyanates (ITCs) produced by Brassicaceae plants are popular targets for analysis due to the health benefits associated with them. Breeders aim to increase the concentrations in commercial varieties; however, there are few examples of this. The most well-known is Beneforté broccoli, which has increased glucoraphanin/sulforaphane concentrations compared to those of conventional varieties. It was developed through traditional breeding methods with considerations for processing, consumption, and health made throughout this process. Many studies presented in the literature do not take a holistic approach, and key points about breeding, cultivation methods, postharvest storage, sensory attributes, and consumer preferences are not properly taken into account. In this review, we draw together data for multiple species and address how such factors can influence GSL profiles. We encourage researchers and institutions to engage with industry and consumers to produce research that can be utilized in the improvement of Brassicaceae crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Bell
- Department of Food & Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading , Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AP, United Kingdom
| | - Carol Wagstaff
- Department of Food & Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading , Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AP, United Kingdom
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46
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Lee YS, Ku KM, Becker TM, Juvik JA. Chemopreventive glucosinolate accumulation in various broccoli and collard tissues: Microfluidic-based targeted transcriptomics for by-product valorization. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185112. [PMID: 28945821 PMCID: PMC5612653 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Floret, leaf, and root tissues were harvested from broccoli and collard cultivars and extracted to determine their glucosinolate and hydrolysis product profiles using high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromotography. Quinone reductase inducing bioactivity, an estimate of anti-cancer chemopreventive potential, of the extracts was measured using a hepa1c1c7 murine cell line. Extracts from root tissues were significantly different from other tissues and contained high levels of gluconasturtiin and glucoerucin. Targeted gene expression analysis on glucosinolate biosynthesis revealed that broccoli root tissue has elevated gene expression of AOP2 and low expression of FMOGS-OX homologs, essentially the opposite of what was observed in broccoli florets, which accumulated high levels of glucoraphanin. Broccoli floret tissue has significantly higher nitrile formation (%) and epithionitrile specifier protein gene expression than other tissues. This study provides basic information of the glucosinolate metabolome and transcriptome for various tissues of Brassica oleracea that maybe utilized as potential byproducts for the nutraceutical market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Sang Lee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea
| | - Kang-Mo Ku
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Talon M. Becker
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - John A. Juvik
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
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Finley JW, Dimick D, Marshall E, Nelson GC, Mein JR, Gustafson DI. Nutritional Sustainability: Aligning Priorities in Nutrition and Public Health with Agricultural Production. Adv Nutr 2017; 8:780-788. [PMID: 28916578 PMCID: PMC5593112 DOI: 10.3945/an.116.013995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrition science-based dietary advice urges changes that may have a great impact on agricultural systems. For example, the 2016 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) recommends greatly increased fruit and vegetable consumption, but the present domestic production is insufficient to accommodate large-scale adoption of these guidelines. Increasing production to the extent needed to meet the DGA will necessitate changes in an already stressed agriculture and food system and will require nutrition and agriculture professionals to come together in open and collegial discourse. All involved need to understand the stress placed on the food system by increasing populations, changing diets, and changing environments, and recognize the major diet-based public health challenges. Furthermore, there is a need to understand the intricate interplay of the myriad parts of the food system and the vast amount of work necessary to make even small changes. New systems approaches are needed, especially at the research level, where nutrition, public health, agriculture, and the food industry work together to solve interconnected problems. Future well-being depends on a sustainable food system that continues to deliver optimal health with minimal impact on the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gerald Charles Nelson
- Department of Agricultural and Consumer Economics, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL
| | - Jonathan R Mein
- Vegetable Seeds Division, Monsanto Company, St. Louis, MO; and
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49
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Kakizaki T, Kitashiba H, Zou Z, Li F, Fukino N, Ohara T, Nishio T, Ishida M. A 2-Oxoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase Mediates the Biosynthesis of Glucoraphasatin in Radish. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 173:1583-1593. [PMID: 28100450 PMCID: PMC5338677 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolates (GSLs) are secondary metabolites whose degradation products confer intrinsic flavors and aromas to Brassicaceae vegetables. Several structures of GSLs are known in the Brassicaceae, and the biosynthetic pathway and regulatory networks have been elucidated in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). GSLs are precursors of chemical defense substances against herbivorous pests. Specific GSLs can act as feeding blockers or stimulants, depending on the pest species. Natural selection has led to diversity in the GSL composition even within individual species. However, in radish (Raphanus sativus), glucoraphasatin (4-methylthio-3-butenyl glucosinolate) accounts for more than 90% of the total GSLs, and little compositional variation is observed. Because glucoraphasatin is not contained in other members of the Brassicaceae, like Arabidopsis and cabbage (Brassica oleracea), the biosynthetic pathways for glucoraphasatin remain unclear. In this report, we identified and characterized a gene encoding GLUCORAPHASATIN SYNTHASE 1 (GRS1) by genetic mapping using a mutant that genetically lacks glucoraphasatin. Transgenic Arabidopsis, which overexpressed GRS1 cDNA, accumulated glucoraphasatin in the leaves. GRS1 encodes a 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase, and it is abundantly expressed in the leaf. To further investigate the biosynthesis and transportation of GSLs in radish, we grafted a grs1 plant onto a wild-type plant. The grafting experiment revealed a leaf-to-root long-distance glucoraphasatin transport system in radish and showed that the composition of GSLs differed among the organs. Based on these observations, we propose a characteristic biosynthesis pathway for glucoraphasatin in radish. Our results should be useful in metabolite engineering for breeding of high-value vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Kakizaki
- Division of Vegetable Breeding, Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, NARO, Ano, Tsu, Mie 514-2392, Japan (T.K., N.F., T.O., M.I.);
- and Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-0845, Japan (H.K., Z.Z., F.L., T.N.)
| | - Hiroyasu Kitashiba
- Division of Vegetable Breeding, Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, NARO, Ano, Tsu, Mie 514-2392, Japan (T.K., N.F., T.O., M.I.)
- and Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-0845, Japan (H.K., Z.Z., F.L., T.N.)
| | - Zhongwei Zou
- Division of Vegetable Breeding, Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, NARO, Ano, Tsu, Mie 514-2392, Japan (T.K., N.F., T.O., M.I.)
- and Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-0845, Japan (H.K., Z.Z., F.L., T.N.)
| | - Feng Li
- Division of Vegetable Breeding, Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, NARO, Ano, Tsu, Mie 514-2392, Japan (T.K., N.F., T.O., M.I.)
- and Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-0845, Japan (H.K., Z.Z., F.L., T.N.)
| | - Nobuko Fukino
- Division of Vegetable Breeding, Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, NARO, Ano, Tsu, Mie 514-2392, Japan (T.K., N.F., T.O., M.I.)
- and Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-0845, Japan (H.K., Z.Z., F.L., T.N.)
| | - Takayoshi Ohara
- Division of Vegetable Breeding, Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, NARO, Ano, Tsu, Mie 514-2392, Japan (T.K., N.F., T.O., M.I.)
- and Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-0845, Japan (H.K., Z.Z., F.L., T.N.)
| | - Takeshi Nishio
- Division of Vegetable Breeding, Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, NARO, Ano, Tsu, Mie 514-2392, Japan (T.K., N.F., T.O., M.I.)
- and Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-0845, Japan (H.K., Z.Z., F.L., T.N.)
| | - Masahiko Ishida
- Division of Vegetable Breeding, Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, NARO, Ano, Tsu, Mie 514-2392, Japan (T.K., N.F., T.O., M.I.)
- and Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-0845, Japan (H.K., Z.Z., F.L., T.N.)
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50
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Abstract
Brassica crop species are prolific producers of indole-sulfur phytoalexins that are thought to have an important role in plant disease resistance. These molecules are conspicuously absent in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, and little is known about the enzymatic steps that assemble the key precursor brassinin. Here, we report the minimum set of biosynthetic genes required to generate cruciferous phytoalexins starting from the well-studied glucosinolate pathway. In vitro biochemical characterization revealed an additional role for the previously described carbon-sulfur lyase SUR1 in processing cysteine-isothiocyanate conjugates, as well as the S-methyltransferase DTCMT that methylates the resulting dithiocarbamate, together completing a pathway to brassinin. Additionally, the β-glucosidase BABG that is present in Brassica rapa but absent in Arabidopsis was shown to act as a myrosinase and may be a determinant of plants that synthesize phytoalexins from indole glucosinolate. Transient expression of the entire pathway in Nicotiana benthamiana yields brassinin, demonstrating that the biosynthesis of indole-sulfur phytoalexins can be engineered into noncruciferous plants. The identification of these biosynthetic enzymes and the heterologous reconstitution of the indole-sulfur phytoalexin pathway sheds light on an important pathway in an edible plant and opens the door to using metabolic engineering to systematically quantify the impact of cruciferous phytoalexins on plant disease resistance and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Klein
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
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