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Bellucci M, Mostofa MG, Weraduwage SM, Xu Y, Abdelrahman M, De Gara L, Loreto F, Sharkey TD. The effect of constitutive root isoprene emission on root phenotype and physiology under control and salt stress conditions. PLANT DIRECT 2024; 8:e617. [PMID: 38973810 PMCID: PMC11227114 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Isoprene, a volatile hydrocarbon, is typically emitted from the leaves of many plant species. Given its well-known function in plant growth and defense aboveground, we examined its effects on root physiology. We used isoprene-emitting (IE) lines and a non-emitting (NE) line of Arabidopsis and investigated their performance by analyzing root phenotype, hormone levels, transcriptome, and metabolite profiles under both normal and salt stress conditions. We show that IE lines emitted tiny amounts of isoprene from roots and showed an increased root/shoot ratio compared with NE line. Isoprene emission exerted a noteworthy influence on hormone profiles related to plant growth and stress response, promoting root development and salt-stress resistance. Methyl erythritol 4-phosphate pathway metabolites, precursors of isoprene and hormones, were higher in the roots of IE lines than in the NE line. Transcriptome data indicated that the presence of isoprene increased the expression of key genes involved in hormone metabolism/signaling. Our findings reveal that constitutive root isoprene emission sustains root growth under saline conditions by regulating and/or priming hormone biosynthesis and signaling mechanisms and expression of key genes relevant to salt stress defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Bellucci
- Department of Energy Plant Research LaboratoryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
- Department of Science and Technology for Humans and the EnvironmentUniversità Campus Bio‐Medico di RomaRomeItaly
- Plant Resilience InstituteMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Mohammad Golam Mostofa
- Department of Energy Plant Research LaboratoryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
- Plant Resilience InstituteMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | | | - Yuan Xu
- Department of Energy Plant Research LaboratoryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Mostafa Abdelrahman
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress ToleranceTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTexasUSA
| | - Laura De Gara
- Department of Science and Technology for Humans and the EnvironmentUniversità Campus Bio‐Medico di RomaRomeItaly
| | - Francesco Loreto
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
- Institute for Sustainable Plant ProtectionThe National Research Council of Italy (CNR‐IPSP)Sesto Fiorentino (Florence)Italy
| | - Thomas D. Sharkey
- Department of Energy Plant Research LaboratoryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
- Plant Resilience InstituteMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
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2
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Portillo-Estrada M. Limitations of Plant Stress Tolerance upon Heat and CO 2 Exposure in Black Poplar: Assessment of Photosynthetic Traits and Stress Volatile Emissions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1165. [PMID: 38674574 PMCID: PMC11054441 DOI: 10.3390/plants13081165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by plants may help in understanding the status of a plant's physiology and its coping with mild to severe stress. Future climatic projections reveal that shifts in temperature and CO2 availability will occur, and plants may incur the uncoupling of carbon assimilation and synthesis of key molecules. This study explores the patterns of emissions of key VOCs (isoprene, methanol, acetaldehyde, and acetic acid) emitted by poplar leaves (more than 350) under a combined gradient of temperature (12-42 °C) and air CO2 concentration (400-1500 ppm), along with measurements of photosynthetic rates and stomatal conductance. Isoprene emission exhibited a rise with temperature and CO2 availability, peaking at 39 °C, the temperature at which methanol emission started to peak, illustrating the limit of stress tolerance to severe damage. Isoprene emission was uncoupled from the photosynthesis rate, indicating a shift from the carbon source for isoprene synthesis, while assimilation was decreased. Methanol and acetaldehyde emissions were correlated with stomatal conductance and peaked at 25 °C and 1200 ppm CO2. Acetic acid emissions lacked a clear correlation with stomatal conductance and the emission pattern of its precursor acetaldehyde. This study offers crucial insights into the limitations of photosynthetic carbon and stress tolerance.
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3
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Ye ZP, An T, Govindjee G, Robakowski P, Stirbet A, Yang XL, Hao XY, Kang HJ, Wang FB. Addressing the long-standing limitations of double exponential and non-rectangular hyperbolic models in quantifying light-response of electron transport rates in different photosynthetic organisms under various conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1332875. [PMID: 38476692 PMCID: PMC10929714 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1332875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The models used to describe the light response of electron transport rate in photosynthesis play a crucial role in determining two key parameters i.e., the maximum electron transport rate (J max) and the saturation light intensity (I sat). However, not all models accurately fit J-I curves, and determine the values of J max and I sat. Here, three models, namely the double exponential (DE) model, the non-rectangular hyperbolic (NRH) model, and a mechanistic model developed by one of the coauthors (Z-P Ye) and his coworkers (referred to as the mechanistic model), were compared in terms of their ability to fit J-I curves and estimate J max and I sat. Here, we apply these three models to a series of previously collected Chl a fluorescence data from seven photosynthetic organisms, grown under different conditions. Our results show that the mechanistic model performed well in describing the J-I curves, regardless of whether photoinhibition/dynamic down-regulation of photosystem II (PSII) occurs. Moreover, both J max and I sat estimated by this model are in very good agreement with the measured data. On the contrary, although the DE model simulates quite well the J-I curve for the species studied, it significantly overestimates both the J max of Amaranthus hypochondriacus and the I sat of Microcystis aeruginosa grown under NH4 +-N supply. More importantly, the light intensity required to achieve the potential maximum of J (J s) estimated by this model exceeds the unexpected high value of 105 μmol photons m-2 s-1 for Triticum aestivum and A. hypochondriacus. The NRH model fails to characterize the J-I curves with dynamic down-regulation/photoinhibition for Abies alba, Oryza sativa and M. aeruginosa. In addition, this model also significantly overestimates the values of J max for T. aestivum at 21% O2 and A. hypochondriacus grown under normal condition, and significantly underestimates the values of J max for M. aeruginosa grown under NO3 -N supply. Our study provides evidence that the 'mechanistic model' is much more suitable than both the DE and NRH models in fitting the J-I curves and in estimating the photosynthetic parameters. This is a powerful tool for studying light harvesting properties and the dynamic down-regulation of PSII/photoinhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Piao Ye
- The Institute of Biophysics in College of Mathematics and Physics, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ting An
- School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Jiangxi Agriculture University, Nanchang, China
| | - Govindjee Govindjee
- Plant Biology, Biochemistry, and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Piotr Robakowski
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Xiao-Long Yang
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nantong, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xing-Yu Hao
- College of Agriculture/State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dry land Agriculture Jointly Built by the Shanxi Province and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Hua-Jing Kang
- Southern Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fu-Biao Wang
- The Institute of Biophysics in College of Mathematics and Physics, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an, Jiangxi, China
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4
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Sahu A, Mostofa MG, Weraduwage SM, Sharkey TD. Hydroxymethylbutenyl diphosphate accumulation reveals MEP pathway regulation for high CO 2-induced suppression of isoprene emission. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2309536120. [PMID: 37782800 PMCID: PMC10576107 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2309536120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Isoprene is emitted by some plants and is the most abundant biogenic hydrocarbon entering the atmosphere. Multiple studies have elucidated protective roles of isoprene against several environmental stresses, including high temperature, excessive ozone, and herbivory attack. However, isoprene emission adversely affects atmospheric chemistry by contributing to ozone production and aerosol formation. Thus, understanding the regulation of isoprene emission in response to varying environmental conditions, for example, elevated CO2, is critical to comprehend how plants will respond to climate change. Isoprene emission decreases with increasing CO2 concentration; however, the underlying mechanism of this response is currently unknown. We demonstrated that high-CO2-mediated suppression of isoprene emission is independent of photosynthesis and light intensity, but it is reduced with increasing temperature. Furthermore, we measured methylerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway metabolites in poplar leaves harvested at ambient and high CO2 to identify why isoprene emission is reduced under high CO2. We found that hydroxymethylbutenyl diphosphate (HMBDP) was increased and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMADP) decreased at high CO2. This implies that high CO2 impeded the conversion of HMBDP to DMADP, possibly through the inhibition of HMBDP reductase activity, resulting in reduced isoprene emission. We further demonstrated that although this phenomenon appears similar to abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent stomatal regulation, it is unrelated as ABA treatment did not alter the effect of elevated CO2 on the suppression of isoprene emission. Thus, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of the regulation of the MEP pathway and isoprene emission in the face of increasing CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abira Sahu
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing48824, MI
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing48824, MI
| | - Mohammad Golam Mostofa
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing48824, MI
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing48824, MI
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing48824, MI
| | - Sarathi M. Weraduwage
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing48824, MI
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing48824, MI
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing48824, MI
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Bishop’s University, SherbrookeJIE0L3, QC, Canada
| | - Thomas D. Sharkey
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing48824, MI
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing48824, MI
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing48824, MI
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5
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Ye ZP, Stirbet A, An T, Robakowski P, Kang HJ, Yang XL, Wang FB. Investigation on absorption cross-section of photosynthetic pigment molecules based on a mechanistic model of the photosynthetic electron flow-light response in C 3, C 4 species and cyanobacteria grown under various conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1234462. [PMID: 37711288 PMCID: PMC10497745 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1234462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Investigation on intrinsic properties of photosynthetic pigment molecules participating in solar energy absorption and excitation, especially their eigen-absorption cross-section (σ ik) and effective absorption cross-section (σ ' ik), is important to understand photosynthesis. Here, we present the development and application of a new method to determine these parameters, based on a mechanistic model of the photosynthetic electron flow-light response. The analysis with our method of a series of previously collected chlorophyll a fluorescence data shows that the absorption cross-section of photosynthetic pigment molecules has different values of approximately 10-21 m2, for several photosynthetic organisms grown under various conditions: (1) the conifer Abies alba Mill., grown under high light or low light; (2) Taxus baccata L., grown under fertilization or non-fertilization conditions; (3) Glycine max L. (Merr.), grown under a CO2 concentration of 400 or 600 μmol CO2 mol-1 in a leaf chamber under shaded conditions; (4) Zea mays L., at temperatures of 30°C or 35°C in a leaf chamber; (5) Osmanthus fragrans Loureiro, with shaded-leaf or sun-leaf; and (6) the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa FACHB905, grown under two different nitrogen supplies. Our results show that σ ik has the same order of magnitude (approximately 10-21 m2), and σ ' ik for these species decreases with increasing light intensity, demonstrating the operation of a key regulatory mechanism to reduce solar absorption and avoid high light damage. Moreover, compared with other approaches, both σ ik and σ ' ik can be more easily estimated by our method, even under various growth conditions (e.g., different light environment; different CO2, NO2, O2, and O3 concentrations; air temperatures; or water stress), regardless of the type of the sample (e.g., dilute or concentrated cell suspensions or leaves). Our results also show that CO2 concentration and temperature have little effect on σ ik values for G. max and Z. mays. Consequently, our approach provides a powerful tool to investigate light energy absorption of photosynthetic pigment molecules and gives us new information on how plants and cyanobacteria modify their light-harvesting properties under different stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Piao Ye
- The Institute of Biophysics in College of Mathematics and Physics, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an, Jiangxi, China
| | | | - Ting An
- School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Jiangxi Agriculture University, Nanchang, China
| | - Piotr Robakowski
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Hua-Jing Kang
- Southern Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding, Wenzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Long Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fu-Biao Wang
- The Institute of Biophysics in College of Mathematics and Physics, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an, Jiangxi, China
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6
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Morfopoulos C, Müller J, Stavrakou T, Bauwens M, De Smedt I, Friedlingstein P, Prentice IC, Regnier P. Vegetation responses to climate extremes recorded by remotely sensed atmospheric formaldehyde. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:1809-1822. [PMID: 34510653 PMCID: PMC9290652 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Accurate monitoring of vegetation stress is required for better modelling and forecasting of primary production, in a world where heatwaves and droughts are expected to become increasingly prevalent. Variability in formaldehyde (HCHO) concentrations in the troposphere is dominated by local emissions of short-lived biogenic (BVOC) and pyrogenic volatile organic compounds. BVOCs are emitted by plants in a rapid protective response to abiotic stress, mediated by the energetic status of leaves (the excess of reducing power when photosynthetic light and dark reactions are decoupled, as occurs when stomata close in response to water stress). Emissions also increase exponentially with leaf temperature. New analytical methods for the detection of spatiotemporally contiguous extremes in remote-sensing data are applied here to satellite-derived atmospheric HCHO columns. BVOC emissions are shown to play a central role in the formation of the largest positive HCHO anomalies. Although vegetation stress can be captured by various remotely sensed quantities, spaceborne HCHO emerges as the most consistent recorder of vegetation responses to the largest climate extremes, especially in forested regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Morfopoulos
- Department of Life SciencesImperial College LondonSilwood ParkUK
- Department of Geoscience, Environment & Society‐BGEOSYSUniversité Libre de BruxellesBrusselsBelgium
| | | | | | - Maite Bauwens
- Royal Belgian Institute for Space AeronomyBrusselsBelgium
| | | | - Pierre Friedlingstein
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Iain Colin Prentice
- Department of Life SciencesImperial College LondonSilwood ParkUK
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System ModelingDepartment of Earth System ScienceTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
- Department of Biological SciencesMacquarie UniversityNorth RydeNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Pierre Regnier
- Department of Geoscience, Environment & Society‐BGEOSYSUniversité Libre de BruxellesBrusselsBelgium
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7
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Harrison SP, Cramer W, Franklin O, Prentice IC, Wang H, Brännström Å, de Boer H, Dieckmann U, Joshi J, Keenan TF, Lavergne A, Manzoni S, Mengoli G, Morfopoulos C, Peñuelas J, Pietsch S, Rebel KT, Ryu Y, Smith NG, Stocker BD, Wright IJ. Eco-evolutionary optimality as a means to improve vegetation and land-surface models. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:2125-2141. [PMID: 34131932 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Global vegetation and land-surface models embody interdisciplinary scientific understanding of the behaviour of plants and ecosystems, and are indispensable to project the impacts of environmental change on vegetation and the interactions between vegetation and climate. However, systematic errors and persistently large differences among carbon and water cycle projections by different models highlight the limitations of current process formulations. In this review, focusing on core plant functions in the terrestrial carbon and water cycles, we show how unifying hypotheses derived from eco-evolutionary optimality (EEO) principles can provide novel, parameter-sparse representations of plant and vegetation processes. We present case studies that demonstrate how EEO generates parsimonious representations of core, leaf-level processes that are individually testable and supported by evidence. EEO approaches to photosynthesis and primary production, dark respiration and stomatal behaviour are ripe for implementation in global models. EEO approaches to other important traits, including the leaf economics spectrum and applications of EEO at the community level are active research areas. Independently tested modules emerging from EEO studies could profitably be integrated into modelling frameworks that account for the multiple time scales on which plants and plant communities adjust to environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy P Harrison
- Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AB, UK
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wolfgang Cramer
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie Marine et Continentale, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Avignon Université, Technopôle Arbois-Méditerranée, Aix-en-Provence Cedex 04, F-13545, France
| | - Oskar Franklin
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, Laxenburg, 2361, Austria
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, 90183, Sweden
| | - Iain Colin Prentice
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Han Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Åke Brännström
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, Laxenburg, 2361, Austria
- Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics, Umeå University, Umeå, 901 87, Sweden
| | - Hugo de Boer
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Vening Meinesz Building, Princetonlaan 8a, Utrecht, 3584 CB, the Netherlands
| | - Ulf Dieckmann
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, Laxenburg, 2361, Austria
- Department of Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (Sokendai), Hayama, Kanagawa, 240-0193, Japan
| | - Jaideep Joshi
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, Laxenburg, 2361, Austria
| | - Trevor F Keenan
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Aliénor Lavergne
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Stefano Manzoni
- Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Giulia Mengoli
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Catherine Morfopoulos
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08193, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08193, Spain
| | - Stephan Pietsch
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, Laxenburg, 2361, Austria
- BOKU - University of Life Sciences and Natural Resources, Gregor-Medel-Strasse 33, Vienna, 1180, Austria
| | - Karin T Rebel
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Vening Meinesz Building, Princetonlaan 8a, Utrecht, 3584 CB, the Netherlands
| | - Youngryel Ryu
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Rural Systems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Nicholas G Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, 2901 Main Street, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Benjamin D Stocker
- Department of Environmental System Science, ETH, Universitätstrasse 2, Zürich, CH-8092, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zrcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
| | - Ian J Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
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8
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Niinemets Ü, Rasulov B, Talts E. CO 2 -responsiveness of leaf isoprene emission: Why do species differ? PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:3049-3063. [PMID: 34155641 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Leaf isoprene emission rate, I, decreases with increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration with major implications for global change. There is a significant interspecific variability in [CO2 ]-responsiveness of I, but the extent of this variation is unknown and its reasons are not understood. We hypothesized that the magnitude of emission reduction reflects the size and changeability of precursor pools responsible for isoprene emission (dimethylallyl diphosphate, DMADP and 2-methyl-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate, MEcDP). Changes in I and intermediate pool sizes upon increase of [CO2 ] from 400 to 1500 μmol/mol were studied in nine woody species spanning boreal to tropical ecosystems. I varied 10-fold, total substrate pool size 37-fold and the ratio of DMADP/MEcDP pool sizes 57-fold. At higher [CO2 ], I was reduced on average by 65%, but [CO2 ]-responsiveness varied an order of magnitude across species. The increase in [CO2 ] resulted in concomitant reductions in both substrate pools. The variation in [CO2 ]-responsiveness across species scaled with the reduction in pool sizes, the substrate pool size supported and the share of DMADP in total substrate pool. This study highlights a major interspecific variation in [CO2 ]-responsiveness of isoprene emission and conclusively links this variation to interspecific variability in [CO2 ] effects on substrate availability and intermediate pool size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Bahtijor Rasulov
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Eero Talts
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
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9
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Porcar-Castell A, Malenovský Z, Magney T, Van Wittenberghe S, Fernández-Marín B, Maignan F, Zhang Y, Maseyk K, Atherton J, Albert LP, Robson TM, Zhao F, Garcia-Plazaola JI, Ensminger I, Rajewicz PA, Grebe S, Tikkanen M, Kellner JR, Ihalainen JA, Rascher U, Logan B. Chlorophyll a fluorescence illuminates a path connecting plant molecular biology to Earth-system science. NATURE PLANTS 2021; 7:998-1009. [PMID: 34373605 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-021-00980-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
For decades, the dynamic nature of chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChlaF) has provided insight into the biophysics and ecophysiology of the light reactions of photosynthesis from the subcellular to leaf scales. Recent advances in remote sensing methods enable detection of ChlaF induced by sunlight across a range of larger scales, from using instruments mounted on towers above plant canopies to Earth-orbiting satellites. This signal is referred to as solar-induced fluorescence (SIF) and its application promises to overcome spatial constraints on studies of photosynthesis, opening new research directions and opportunities in ecology, ecophysiology, biogeochemistry, agriculture and forestry. However, to unleash the full potential of SIF, intensive cross-disciplinary work is required to harmonize these new advances with the rich history of biophysical and ecophysiological studies of ChlaF, fostering the development of next-generation plant physiological and Earth-system models. Here, we introduce the scale-dependent link between SIF and photosynthesis, with an emphasis on seven remaining scientific challenges, and present a roadmap to facilitate future collaborative research towards new applications of SIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Porcar-Castell
- Optics of Photosynthesis Laboratory, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Center (ViPS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Zbyněk Malenovský
- School of Geography, Planning, and Spatial Sciences, College of Sciences Engineering and Technology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Troy Magney
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Shari Van Wittenberghe
- Optics of Photosynthesis Laboratory, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Center (ViPS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Laboratory of Earth Observation, University of Valencia, Paterna, Spain
| | - Beatriz Fernández-Marín
- Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, University of La Laguna (ULL), Tenerife, Spain
| | - Fabienne Maignan
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Yongguang Zhang
- International Institute for Earth System Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kadmiel Maseyk
- School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Jon Atherton
- Optics of Photosynthesis Laboratory, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Center (ViPS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Loren P Albert
- Institute at Brown for Environment and Society, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Biology Department, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Thomas Matthew Robson
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Feng Zhao
- School of Instrumentation Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Ingo Ensminger
- Department of Biology, Graduate Programs in Cell & Systems Biology and Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paulina A Rajewicz
- Optics of Photosynthesis Laboratory, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Center (ViPS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Steffen Grebe
- Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Mikko Tikkanen
- Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - James R Kellner
- Institute at Brown for Environment and Society, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Janne A Ihalainen
- Nanoscience Center, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Uwe Rascher
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Barry Logan
- Biology Department, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME, USA
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10
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Sun Z, Shen Y, Niinemets Ü. Responses of isoprene emission and photochemical efficiency to severe drought combined with prolonged hot weather in hybrid Populus. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:7364-7381. [PMID: 32996573 PMCID: PMC7906789 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Isoprene emissions have been considered as a protective response of plants to heat stress, but there is limited information of how prolonged heat spells affect isoprene emission capacity, particularly under the drought conditions that often accompany hot weather. Under combined long-term stresses, presence of isoprene emission could contribute to the maintenance of the precursor pool for rapid synthesis of essential isoprenoids to repair damaged components of leaf photosynthetic apparatus. We studied changes in leaf isoprene emission rate, photosynthetic characteristics, and antioxidant enzyme activities in two hybrid Populus clones, Nanlin 1388 (relatively high drought tolerance) and Nanlin 895 (relatively high thermotolerance) that were subjected to long-term (30 d) soil water stress (25% versus 90% soil field capacity) combined with a natural heat spell (day-time temperatures of 35-40 °C) that affected both control and water-stressed plants. Unexpectedly, isoprene emissions from both the clones were similar and the overall effects of drought on the emission characteristics were initially minor; however, treatment effects and clonal differences increased with time. In particular, the isoprene emission rate only increased slightly in the Nanlin 895 control plants after 15 d of treatment, whereas it decreased by more than 5-fold in all treatment × clone combinations after 30 d. The reduction in isoprene emission rate was associated with a decrease in the pool size of the isoprene precursor dimethylallyl diphosphate in all cases at 30 d after the start of treatment. Net assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, the openness of PSII centers, and the effective quantum yield all decreased, and non-photochemical quenching and catalase activity increased in both control and water-stressed plants. Contrary to the hypothesis of protection of leaf photosynthetic apparatus by isoprene, the data collectively indicated that prolonged stress affected isoprene emissions more strongly than leaf photosynthetic characteristics. This primarily reflected the depletion of isoprene precursor pools under long-term severe stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Sun
- School of Forestry and Bio-Technology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang A&F University State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Shen
- School of Forestry and Bio-Technology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- School of Forestry and Bio-Technology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi, Tartu, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu, Tallinn, Estonia
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11
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Rodrigues TB, Baker CR, Walker AP, McDowell N, Rogers A, Higuchi N, Chambers JQ, Jardine KJ. Stimulation of isoprene emissions and electron transport rates as key mechanisms of thermal tolerance in the tropical species Vismia guianensis. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:5928-5941. [PMID: 32525272 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tropical forests absorb large amounts of atmospheric CO2 through photosynthesis, but high surface temperatures suppress this absorption while promoting isoprene emissions. While mechanistic isoprene emission models predict a tight coupling to photosynthetic electron transport (ETR) as a function of temperature, direct field observations of this phenomenon are lacking in the tropics and are necessary to assess the impact of a warming climate on global isoprene emissions. Here we demonstrate that in the early successional species Vismia guianensis in the central Amazon, ETR rates increased with temperature in concert with isoprene emissions, even as stomatal conductance (gs ) and net photosynthetic carbon fixation (Pn ) declined. We observed the highest temperatures of continually increasing isoprene emissions yet reported (50°C). While Pn showed an optimum value of 32.6 ± 0.4°C, isoprene emissions, ETR, and the oxidation state of PSII reaction centers (qL ) increased with leaf temperature with strong linear correlations for ETR (ƿ = 0.98) and qL (ƿ = 0.99) with leaf isoprene emissions. In contrast, other photoprotective mechanisms, such as non-photochemical quenching, were not activated at elevated temperatures. Inhibition of isoprenoid biosynthesis repressed Pn at high temperatures through a mechanism that was independent of stomatal closure. While extreme warming will decrease gs and Pn in tropical species, our observations support a thermal tolerance mechanism where the maintenance of high photosynthetic capacity under extreme warming is assisted by the simultaneous stimulation of ETR and metabolic pathways that consume the direct products of ETR including photorespiration and the biosynthesis of thermoprotective isoprenoids. Our results confirm that models which link isoprene emissions to the rate of ETR hold true in tropical species and provide necessary "ground-truthing" for simulations of the large predicted increases in tropical isoprene emissions with climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayana B Rodrigues
- Forest Management Laboratory, National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Christopher R Baker
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Anthony P Walker
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Nate McDowell
- Earth System Analysis and Modeling, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Alistair Rogers
- Environmental and Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Niro Higuchi
- Forest Management Laboratory, National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Jeffrey Q Chambers
- Forest Management Laboratory, National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, Brazil
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kolby J Jardine
- Forest Management Laboratory, National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, Brazil
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
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12
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Impact of Drought and Salinity on Sweetgum Tree (Liquidambar styraciflua L.): Understanding Tree Ecophysiological Responses in the Urban Context. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10111032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Understanding urban tree responses to drought, salt stress, and co-occurring stresses, as well as the capability to recover afterward, is important to prevent the cited stresses’ negative effects on tree performance and ecological functionality. We investigated the impact of drought and salinity, alone and in combination, on leaf water potential, gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence, xanthophyll cycle pigments, and isoprene emission of the urban tree species Liquidambar styraciflua L. Generally, drought had a rapid negative impact, while the effect of salt stress was more long lasting. Both stressors significantly decreased photosynthesis, transpiration, and stomatal conductance, as well as the maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) and the photochemical efficiency of PSII (ΦPSII), but increased nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ). Under stress conditions, a strong negative correlation between the PSII efficiency and the xanthophyll cycle pigment composition indicated a nocturnal retention of zeaxanthin and antheraxanthin in a state primed for energy dissipation. Drought and salt stress inhibited isoprene emission from leaves, although its emission was less responsive to stresses than stomatal conductance and photosynthesis. Full recovery of photosynthetic parameters took place after rewatering and washing off of excess salt, indicating that no permanent damage occurred, and suggesting downregulation rather than permanent impairment of the photosynthetic apparatus. Sweetgum trees were capable of withstanding and surviving moderate drought and salt events by activating defense mechanisms conferring tolerance to environmental stresses, without increasing the emission in the atmosphere of the highly reactive isoprene.
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13
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Guidolotti G, Pallozzi E, Gavrichkova O, Scartazza A, Mattioni M, Loreto F, Calfapietra C. Emission of constitutive isoprene, induced monoterpenes, and other volatiles under high temperatures in Eucalyptus camaldulensis: A 13 C labelling study. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:1929-1938. [PMID: 30663094 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Eucalypts are major emitters of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs), especially volatile isoprenoids. Emissions and incorporation of 13 C in BVOCs were measured in Eucalyptus camaldulensis branches exposed to rapid heat stress or progressive temperature increases, in order to detect both metabolic processes and their dynamics. Isoprene emission increased and photosynthesis decreased with temperatures rising from 30°C to 45°C, and an increasing percentage of unlabelled carbon was incorporated into isoprene in heat-stressed leaves. Intramolecular labelling was also incomplete in isoprene emitted by heat-stressed leaves, suggesting increasing contribution of respiratory (and possibly also photorespiratory) carbon. At temperature above 45°C, a drop of isoprene emission was mirrored by the appearance of unlabelled monoterpenes, green leaf volatiles, methanol, and ethanol, indicating that the emission of stored volatiles was mainly induced by cellular damage. Emission of partially labelled acetaldehyde was also observed at very high temperatures, suggesting a double source of carbon, with a large unlabelled component likely transported from roots and associated to the surge of transpiration at very high temperatures. Eucalypt plantations cover large areas worldwide, and our findings may dramatically change forecast and modelling of future BVOC emissions at planetary level, especially considering climate warming and frequent heat waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Guidolotti
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Monterotondo Scalo, 01500, Italy
| | - Emanuele Pallozzi
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Monterotondo Scalo, 01500, Italy
| | - Olga Gavrichkova
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Porano, 05010, Italy
- Department of Landscape Design and Sustainable Ecosystems, Agrarian-technological Institute, RUDN University, Moscow, 117198, Russia
| | - Andrea Scartazza
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Pisa, 56124, Italy
| | - Michele Mattioni
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Porano, 05010, Italy
| | - Francesco Loreto
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences (DISBA), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Carlo Calfapietra
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Porano, 05010, Italy
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14
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de Souza VF, Niinemets Ü, Rasulov B, Vickers CE, Duvoisin Júnior S, Araújo WL, Gonçalves JFDC. Alternative Carbon Sources for Isoprene Emission. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 23:1081-1101. [PMID: 30472998 PMCID: PMC6354897 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Isoprene and other plastidial isoprenoids are produced primarily from recently assimilated photosynthates via the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway. However, when environmental conditions limit photosynthesis, a fraction of carbon for MEP pathway can come from extrachloroplastic sources. The flow of extrachloroplastic carbon depends on the species and on leaf developmental and environmental conditions. The exchange of common phosphorylated intermediates between the MEP pathway and other metabolic pathways can occur via plastidic phosphate translocators. C1 and C2 carbon intermediates can contribute to chloroplastic metabolism, including photosynthesis and isoprenoid synthesis. Integration of these metabolic processes provide an example of metabolic flexibility, and results in the synthesis of primary metabolites for plant growth and secondary metabolites for plant defense, allowing effective use of environmental resources under multiple stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius Fernandes de Souza
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, AM 69011-970, Brazil; University of Amazonas State, Manaus, AM 69050-010, Brazil
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Department of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu 51006, Estonia; Estonian Academy of Sciences, 10130 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Bahtijor Rasulov
- Department of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu 51006, Estonia; Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Claudia E Vickers
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Synthetic Biology Future Science Platform, EcoSciences Precinct, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | | | - Wagner L Araújo
- Max-Planck Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
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15
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Brunetti C, Loreto F, Ferrini F, Gori A, Guidi L, Remorini D, Centritto M, Fini A, Tattini M. Metabolic plasticity in the hygrophyte Moringa oleifera exposed to water stress. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 38:1640-1654. [PMID: 30137639 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpy089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, introduction of many fast-growing hygrophilic, and economically valuable plants into xeric environments has occurred. However, production and even survival of these species may be threatened by harsh climatic conditions unless an effective physiological and metabolic plasticity is available. Moringa oleifera Lam., a multipurpose tree originating from humid sub-tropical regions of India, is widely cultivated in many arid countries because of its multiple uses. We tested whether M. oleifera can adjust primary and secondary metabolism to efficiently cope with increasing water stress. It is shown that M. oleifera possesses an effective isohydric behavior. Water stress induced a quick and strong stomatal closure, driven by abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation, and leading to photosynthesis inhibition with consequent negative effects on biomass production. However, photochemistry was not impaired and maximal fluorescence and saturating photosynthesis remained unaffected in stressed leaves. We report for the first time that M. oleifera produces isoprene, and show that isoprene emission increased three-fold during stress progression. It is proposed that higher isoprene biosynthesis helps leaves cope with water stress through its antioxidant or membrane stabilizing action, and also indicates a general MEP (methylerythritol 4-phosphate) pathway activation that further helps protect photosynthesis under water stress. Increased concentrations of antioxidant flavonoids were also observed in water stressed leaves, and probably cooperate in limiting irreversible effects of the stress in M. oleifera leaves. The observed metabolic and phenotypic plasticity may facilitate the establishment of M. oleifera in xeric environments, sustaining the economic and environmental value of this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Brunetti
- National Research Council of Italy, Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, Trees and Timber Institute, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
- Department of Agri-Food Production and Environmental Sciences, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
| | - Francesco Loreto
- National Research Council of Italy, Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, Piazzale Aldo Moro 7, Roma, Italy
| | - Francesco Ferrini
- Department of Agri-Food Production and Environmental Sciences, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
| | - Antonella Gori
- Department of Agri-Food Production and Environmental Sciences, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
| | - Lucia Guidi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Damiano Remorini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mauro Centritto
- National Research Council of Italy, Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, Trees and Timber Institute, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
| | - Alessio Fini
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences-Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Tattini
- National Research Council of Italy, Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
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16
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Assessing Ecosystem Isoprene Emissions by Hyperspectral Remote Sensing. REMOTE SENSING 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/rs10071086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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17
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A MODIS Photochemical Reflectance Index (PRI) as an Estimator of Isoprene Emissions in a Temperate Deciduous Forest. REMOTE SENSING 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/rs10040557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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18
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Fini A, Brunetti C, Loreto F, Centritto M, Ferrini F, Tattini M. Isoprene Responses and Functions in Plants Challenged by Environmental Pressures Associated to Climate Change. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1281. [PMID: 28798754 PMCID: PMC5526906 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The functional reasons for isoprene emission are still a matter of hot debate. It was hypothesized that isoprene biosynthesis evolved as an ancestral mechanism in plants adapted to high water availability, to cope with transient and recurrent oxidative stresses during their water-to-land transition. There is a tight association between isoprene emission and species hygrophily, suggesting that isoprene emission may be a favorable trait to cope with occasional exposure to stresses in mesic environments. The suite of morpho-anatomical traits does not allow a conservative water use in hygrophilic mesophytes challenged by the environmental pressures imposed or exacerbated by drought and heat stress. There is evidence that in stressed plants the biosynthesis of isoprene is uncoupled from photosynthesis. Because the biosynthesis of isoprene is costly, the great investment of carbon and energy into isoprene must have relevant functional reasons. Isoprene is effective in preserving the integrity of thylakoid membranes, not only through direct interaction with their lipid acyl chains, but also by up-regulating proteins associated with photosynthetic complexes and enhancing the biosynthesis of relevant membrane components, such as mono- and di-galactosyl-diacyl glycerols and unsaturated fatty acids. Isoprene may additionally protect photosynthetic membranes by scavenging reactive oxygen species. Here we explore the mode of actions and the potential significance of isoprene in the response of hygrophilic plants when challenged by severe stress conditions associated to rapid climate change in temperate climates, with special emphasis to the concomitant effect of drought and heat. We suggest that isoprene emission may be not a good estimate for its biosynthesis and concentration in severely droughted leaves, being the internal concentration of isoprene the important trait for stress protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Fini
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences – Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of MilanMilan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Brunetti
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Science, National Research Council of Italy, Trees and Timber InstituteSesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences, University of FlorenceFlorence, Italy
| | - Francesco Loreto
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Science, National Research Council of ItalyRome, Italy
| | - Mauro Centritto
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Science, National Research Council of Italy, Trees and Timber InstituteSesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Francesco Ferrini
- Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences, University of FlorenceFlorence, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Tattini
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Science, National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Sustainable Plant ProtectionSesto Fiorentino, Italy
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19
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Ahrar M, Doneva D, Tattini M, Brunetti C, Gori A, Rodeghiero M, Wohlfahrt G, Biasioli F, Varotto C, Loreto F, Velikova V. Phenotypic differences determine drought stress responses in ecotypes of Arundo donax adapted to different environments. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:2439-2451. [PMID: 28449129 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Arundo donax has been identified as an important biomass and biofuel crop. Yet, there has been little research on photosynthetic and metabolic traits, which sustain the high productivity of A. donax under drought conditions. This study determined phenotypic differences between two A. donax ecotypes coming from stands with contrasting adaptation to dry climate. We hypothesized that the Bulgarian (BG) ecotype, adapted to drier conditions, exhibits greater drought tolerance than the Italian (IT) ecotype, adapted to a more mesic environment. Under well-watered conditions the BG ecotype was characterized by higher photosynthesis, mesophyll conductance, intrinsic water use efficiency, PSII efficiency, isoprene emission rate and carotenoids, whereas the IT ecotype showed higher levels of hydroxycinnamates. Photosynthesis of water-stressed plants was mainly limited by diffusional resistance to CO2 in BG, and by biochemistry in IT. Recovery of photosynthesis was more rapid and complete in BG than in IT, which may indicate better stability of the photosynthetic apparatus associated to enhanced induction of volatile and non-volatile isoprenoids and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. This study shows that a large phenotypic plasticity among A. donax ecotypes exists, and may be exploited to compensate for the low genetic variability of this species when selecting plant productivity in constrained environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mastaneh Ahrar
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, S. Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
- Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dilyana Doneva
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Massimiliano Tattini
- The National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Cecilia Brunetti
- The National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Trees and Timber Institute, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
- Department of Plant, Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Antonella Gori
- Department of Agri-Food Production and Environmental Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Mirco Rodeghiero
- Department of Sustainable Agro-Ecosystems and Bioresources, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, S. Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Georg Wohlfahrt
- Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Franco Biasioli
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Volatile Compound Facility, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, S. Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Claudio Varotto
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, S. Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Francesco Loreto
- The National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Science, Rome, Italy
| | - Violeta Velikova
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, S. Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
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20
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Jardine KJ, Jardine AB, Holm JA, Lombardozzi DL, Negron-Juarez RI, Martin ST, Beller HR, Gimenez BO, Higuchi N, Chambers JQ. Monoterpene 'thermometer' of tropical forest-atmosphere response to climate warming. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:441-452. [PMID: 27943309 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Tropical forests absorb large amounts of atmospheric CO2 through photosynthesis but elevated temperatures suppress this absorption and promote monoterpene emissions. Using 13 CO2 labeling, here we show that monoterpene emissions from tropical leaves derive from recent photosynthesis and demonstrate distinct temperature optima for five groups (Groups 1-5), potentially corresponding to different enzymatic temperature-dependent reaction mechanisms within β-ocimene synthases. As diurnal and seasonal leaf temperatures increased during the Amazonian 2015 El Niño event, leaf and landscape monoterpene emissions showed strong linear enrichments of β-ocimenes (+4.4% °C-1 ) at the expense of other monoterpene isomers. The observed inverse temperature response of α-pinene (-0.8% °C-1 ), typically assumed to be the dominant monoterpene with moderate reactivity, was not accurately simulated by current global emission models. Given that β-ocimenes are highly reactive with respect to both atmospheric and biological oxidants, the results suggest that highly reactive β-ocimenes may play important roles in the thermotolerance of photosynthesis by functioning as effective antioxidants within plants and as efficient atmospheric precursors of secondary organic aerosols. Thus, monoterpene composition may represent a new sensitive 'thermometer' of leaf oxidative stress and atmospheric reactivity, and therefore a new tool in future studies of warming impacts on tropical biosphere-atmosphere carbon-cycle feedbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kolby J Jardine
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 94720, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Angela B Jardine
- National Institute for Amazon Research (INPA), 69060-001, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Jennifer A Holm
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 94720, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Danica L Lombardozzi
- Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, 80307, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Robinson I Negron-Juarez
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 94720, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Scot T Martin
- Harvard University, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 02138, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Harry R Beller
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 94720, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 94068, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Bruno O Gimenez
- National Institute for Amazon Research (INPA), 69060-001, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Niro Higuchi
- National Institute for Amazon Research (INPA), 69060-001, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Jeffrey Q Chambers
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 94720, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Geography, University of California, 94720, Berkeley, CA, USA
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21
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Lüpke M, Steinbrecher R, Leuchner M, Menzel A. The Tree Drought Emission MONitor (Tree DEMON), an innovative system for assessing biogenic volatile organic compounds emission from plants. PLANT METHODS 2017; 13:14. [PMID: 28321263 PMCID: PMC5358044 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-017-0166-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) emitted by plants play an important role for ecological and physiological processes, for example as response to stressors. These emitted compounds are involved in chemical processes within the atmosphere and contribute to the formation of aerosols and ozone. Direct measurement of BVOC emissions requires a specialized sample system in order to obtain repeatable and comparable results. These systems need to be constructed carefully since BVOC measurements may be disturbed by several side effects, e.g., due to wrong material selection and lacking system stability. RESULTS In order to assess BVOC emission rates, a four plant chamber system was constructed, implemented and throughout evaluated by synthetic tests and in two case studies on 3-year-old sweet chestnut seedlings. Synthetic system test showed a stable sampling with good repeatability and low memory effects. The first case study demonstrated the capability of the system to screen multiple trees within a few days and revealed three different emission patterns of sweet chestnut trees. The second case study comprised an application of drought stress on two seedlings compared to two in parallel assessed seedlings of a control. Here, a clear reduction of BVOC emissions during drought stress was observed. CONCLUSION The developed system allows assessing BVOC as well as CO2 and water vapor gas exchange of four tree specimens automatically and in parallel with repeatable results. A canopy volume of 30 l can be investigated, which constitutes in case of tree seedlings the whole canopy. Longer lasting experiments of e.g., 1-3 weeks can be performed easily without any significant plant interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Lüpke
- Ecoclimatology, Technische Universität München, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Rainer Steinbrecher
- Department of Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kreuzeckbahnstraße 19, 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Michael Leuchner
- Ecoclimatology, Technische Universität München, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Springer Science+Business Media B.V., Van Godewijckstraat 30, 3311 GX Dordrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Annette Menzel
- Ecoclimatology, Technische Universität München, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
- TUM Institute for Advanced Study, Lichtenbergstraße 2 a, 85748 Garching, Germany
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22
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Yuan X, Calatayud V, Gao F, Fares S, Paoletti E, Tian Y, Feng Z. Interaction of drought and ozone exposure on isoprene emission from extensively cultivated poplar. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2016; 39:2276-87. [PMID: 27411672 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Revised: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The combined effects of ozone (O3 ) and drought on isoprene emission were studied for the first time. Young hybrid poplars (clone 546, Populus deltoides cv. 55/56 x P. deltoides cv. Imperial) were exposed to O3 (charcoal-filtered air, CF, and non-filtered air +40 ppb, E-O3 ) and soil water stress (well-watered, WW, and mild drought, MD, one-third irrigation) for 96 days. Consistent with light-saturated photosynthesis (Asat ), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci ) and chlorophyll content, isoprene emission depended on drought, O3 , leaf position and sampling time. Drought stimulated emission (+38.4%), and O3 decreased it (-40.4%). Ozone increased the carbon cost per unit of isoprene emission. Ozone and drought effects were stronger in middle leaves (13th-15th from the apex) than in upper leaves (6th-8th). Only Asat showed a significant interaction between O3 and drought. When the responses were up-scaled to the entire-plant level, however, drought effects on total leaf area translated into around twice higher emission from WW plants in clean air than in E-O3 . Our results suggest that direct effects on plant emission rates and changes in total leaf area may affect isoprene emission from intensively cultivated hybrid poplar under combined MD and O3 exposure, with important feedbacks for air quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Vicent Calatayud
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China
- Fundación CEAM, c/Charles R. Darwin 14, Parque Tecnológico, Paterna, 46980, Valencia, Spain
| | - Feng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Silvano Fares
- Research Centre for Soil-Plant System, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Paoletti
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China
- National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto, Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Yuan Tian
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China.
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China.
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23
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Jiang Y, Ye J, Veromann LL, Niinemets Ü. Scaling of photosynthesis and constitutive and induced volatile emissions with severity of leaf infection by rust fungus (Melampsora larici-populina) in Populus balsamifera var. suaveolens. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 36:856-72. [PMID: 27225874 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpw035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Fungal infections result in decreases in photosynthesis, induction of stress and signaling volatile emissions and reductions in constitutive volatile emissions, but the way different physiological processes scale with the severity of infection is poorly known. We studied the effects of infection by the obligate biotrophic fungal pathogen Melampsora larici-populina Kleb., the causal agent of poplar leaf rust disease, on photosynthetic characteristics, and constitutive isoprene and induced volatile emissions in leaves of Populus balsamifera var. suaveolens (Fisch.) Loudon. exhibiting different degrees of damage. The degree of fungal damage, quantified by the total area of chlorotic and necrotic leaf areas, varied between 0 (noninfected control) and ∼60%. The rates of all physiological processes scaled quantitatively with the degree of visual damage, but the scaling with damage severity was weaker for photosynthetic characteristics than for constitutive and induced volatile release. Over the whole range of damage severity, the net assimilation rate per area (AA) decreased 1.5-fold, dry mass per unit area 2.4-fold and constitutive isoprene emissions 5-fold, while stomatal conductance increased 1.9-fold and dark respiration rate 1.6-fold. The emissions of key stress and signaling volatiles (methanol, green leaf volatiles, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and methyl salicylate) were in most cases nondetectable in noninfested leaves, and increased strongly with increasing the spread of infection. The moderate reduction in AA resulted from the loss of photosynthetically active biomass, but the reduction in constitutive isoprene emissions and the increase in induced volatile emissions primarily reflected changes in the activities of corresponding biochemical pathways. Although all physiological alterations in fungal-infected leaves occurred in a stress severity-dependent manner, modifications in primary and secondary metabolic pathways scaled differently due to contrasting operational mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Jiang
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia College of Art, Changzhou University, Gehu 1, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiayan Ye
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - Linda-Liisa Veromann
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, 10130 Tallinn, Estonia
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24
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Tiwari S, Grote R, Churkina G, Butler T. Ozone damage, detoxification and the role of isoprenoids - new impetus for integrated models. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2016; 43:324-336. [PMID: 32480464 DOI: 10.1071/fp15302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
High concentrations of ozone (O3) can have significant impacts on the health and productivity of agricultural and forest ecosystems, leading to significant economic losses. In order to estimate this impact under a wide range of environmental conditions, the mechanisms of O3 impacts on physiological and biochemical processes have been intensively investigated. This includes the impact on stomatal conductance, the formation of reactive oxygen species and their effects on enzymes and membranes, as well as several induced and constitutive defence responses. This review summarises these processes, discusses their importance for O3 damage scenarios and assesses to which degree this knowledge is currently used in ecosystem models which are applied for impact analyses. We found that even in highly sophisticated models, feedbacks affecting regulation, detoxification capacity and vulnerability are generally not considered. This implies that O3 inflicted alterations in carbon and water balances cannot be sufficiently well described to cover immediate plant responses under changing environmental conditions. Therefore, we suggest conceptual models that link the depicted feedbacks to available process-based descriptions of stomatal conductance, photosynthesis and isoprenoid formation, particularly the linkage to isoprenoid models opens up new options for describing biosphere-atmosphere interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Tiwari
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Rüdiger Grote
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Kreuzeckbahnstr. 19, 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Galina Churkina
- Institute of Advanced Sustainable Studies, Berliner St. 130, 14467 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Tim Butler
- Institute of Advanced Sustainable Studies, Berliner St. 130, 14467 Potsdam, Germany
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25
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Kessler A. Introduction to a Virtual Special Issue on plant volatiles. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 209:1333-1337. [PMID: 26840247 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- André Kessler
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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26
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Yuan H, Cheung CYM, Poolman MG, Hilbers PAJ, van Riel NAW. A genome-scale metabolic network reconstruction of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and its application to photorespiratory metabolism. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 85:289-304. [PMID: 26576489 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) has been studied extensively due to its high economic value in the market, and high content in health-promoting antioxidant compounds. Tomato is also considered as an excellent model organism for studying the development and metabolism of fleshy fruits. However, the growth, yield and fruit quality of tomatoes can be affected by drought stress, a common abiotic stress for tomato. To investigate the potential metabolic response of tomato plants to drought, we reconstructed iHY3410, a genome-scale metabolic model of tomato leaf, and used this metabolic network to simulate tomato leaf metabolism. The resulting model includes 3410 genes and 2143 biochemical and transport reactions distributed across five intracellular organelles including cytosol, plastid, mitochondrion, peroxisome and vacuole. The model successfully described the known metabolic behaviour of tomato leaf under heterotrophic and phototrophic conditions. The in silico investigation of the metabolic characteristics for photorespiration and other relevant metabolic processes under drought stress suggested that: (i) the flux distributions through the mevalonate (MVA) pathway under drought were distinct from that under normal conditions; and (ii) the changes in fluxes through core metabolic pathways with varying flux ratio of RubisCO carboxylase to oxygenase may contribute to the adaptive stress response of plants. In addition, we improved on previous studies of reaction essentiality analysis for leaf metabolism by including potential alternative routes for compensating reaction knockouts. Altogether, the genome-scale model provides a sound framework for investigating tomato metabolism and gives valuable insights into the functional consequences of abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huili Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Mark G Poolman
- Cell Systems Modelling Group, Department of Biomedical and Medical Science, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter A J Hilbers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Natal A W van Riel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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27
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Niinemets Ü, Sun Z, Talts E. Controls of the quantum yield and saturation light of isoprene emission in different-aged aspen leaves. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2015; 38:2707-20. [PMID: 26037962 PMCID: PMC5798581 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Leaf age alters the balance between the use of end-product of plastidic isoprenoid synthesis pathway, dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMADP), in prenyltransferase reactions leading to synthesis of pigments of photosynthetic machinery and in isoprene synthesis, but the implications of such changes on environmental responses of isoprene emission have not been studied. Because under light-limited conditions, isoprene emission rate is controlled by DMADP pool size (SDMADP ), shifts in the share of different processes are expected to particularly strongly alter the light dependency of isoprene emission. We examined light responses of isoprene emission in young fully expanded, mature and old non-senescent leaves of hybrid aspen (Populus tremula x P. tremuloides) and estimated in vivo SDMADP and isoprene synthase activity from post-illumination isoprene release. Isoprene emission capacity was 1.5-fold larger in mature than in young and old leaves. The initial quantum yield of isoprene emission (αI ) increased by 2.5-fold with increasing leaf age primarily as the result of increasing SDMADP . The saturating light intensity (QI90 ) decreased by 2.3-fold with increasing leaf age, and this mainly reflected limited light-dependent increase of SDMADP possibly due to feedback inhibition by DMADP. These major age-dependent changes in the shape of the light response need consideration in modelling canopy isoprene emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ülo Niinemets
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, 10130 Tallinn, Estonia
- Corresponding author,
| | - Zhihong Sun
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
- Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, China
| | - Eero Talts
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
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28
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Seco R, Karl T, Guenther A, Hosman KP, Pallardy SG, Gu L, Geron C, Harley P, Kim S. Ecosystem‐scale volatile organic compound fluxes during an extreme drought in a broadleaf temperate forest of the Missouri Ozarks (central
USA
). GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2015; 21:3657-74. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roger Seco
- Department of Earth System Science University of California Irvine CA 92697 USA
| | - Thomas Karl
- Institute of Meteorology and Geophysics University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria
| | - Alex Guenther
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Washington State University Pullman WA USA
| | - Kevin P. Hosman
- Department of Forestry University of Missouri Columbia MO 65211 USA
| | | | - Lianhong Gu
- Environmental Sciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA
| | - Chris Geron
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency National Risk Management Research Laboratory Research Triangle Park NC 27711 USA
| | - Peter Harley
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder CO 80301 USA
| | - Saewung Kim
- Department of Earth System Science University of California Irvine CA 92697 USA
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29
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Xu Z, Jiang Y, Zhou G. Response and adaptation of photosynthesis, respiration, and antioxidant systems to elevated CO2 with environmental stress in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:701. [PMID: 26442017 PMCID: PMC4564695 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that plant photosynthesis and respiration are two fundamental and crucial physiological processes, while the critical role of the antioxidant system in response to abiotic factors is still a focus point for investigating physiological stress. Although one key metabolic process and its response to climatic change have already been reported and reviewed, an integrative review, including several biological processes at multiple scales, has not been well reported. The current review will present a synthesis focusing on the underlying mechanisms in the responses to elevated CO2 at multiple scales, including molecular, cellular, biochemical, physiological, and individual aspects, particularly, for these biological processes under elevated CO2 with other key abiotic stresses, such as heat, drought, and ozone pollution, as well as nitrogen limitation. The present comprehensive review may add timely and substantial information about the topic in recent studies, while it presents what has been well established in previous reviews. First, an outline of the critical biological processes, and an overview of their roles in environmental regulation, is presented. Second, the research advances with regard to the individual subtopics are reviewed, including the response and adaptation of the photosynthetic capacity, respiration, and antioxidant system to CO2 enrichment alone, and its combination with other climatic change factors. Finally, the potential applications for plant responses at various levels to climate change are discussed. The above issue is currently of crucial concern worldwide, and this review may help in a better understanding of how plants deal with elevated CO2 using other mainstream abiotic factors, including molecular, cellular, biochemical, physiological, and whole individual processes, and the better management of the ecological environment, climate change, and sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Yanling Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Guangsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
- Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing, China
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30
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Loreto F, Fineschi S. Reconciling functions and evolution of isoprene emission in higher plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 206:578-82. [PMID: 25557381 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Compilation and analysis of existing inventories reveal that isoprene is emitted by c. 20% of the perennial vegetation of tropical and temperate regions of the world. Isoprene emitters are found across different plant families without any clear phylogenetic thread. However, by critically appraising information in inventories, several ecological patterns of isoprene emission can be highlighted, including absence of emission from C4 and annual plants, and widespread emission from perennial and deciduous plants of temperate environments. Based on this analysis, and on available information on biochemistry, ecology and functional roles of isoprene, it is suggested that isoprene may not have evolved to help plants face heavy or prolonged stresses, but rather assists C3 plants to run efficient photosynthesis and to overcome transient and mild stresses, especially during periods of active plant growth in warm seasons. When the stress status persists, or when evergreen leaves cope with multiple and repeated stresses, isoprene biosynthesis is replaced by the synthesis of less volatile secondary compounds, in part produced by the same biochemical pathway, thus indicating causal determinism in the evolution of isoprene-emitting plants in response to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Loreto
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, The National Research Council of Italy (CNR), P. le Aldo Moro 7, Roma, 00185, Italy
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31
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Niinemets Ü, Sun Z. How light, temperature, and measurement and growth [CO2] interactively control isoprene emission in hybrid aspen. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:841-51. [PMID: 25399006 PMCID: PMC4321546 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant isoprene emissions have been modelled assuming independent controls by light, temperature and atmospheric [CO2]. However, the isoprene emission rate is ultimately controlled by the pool size of its immediate substrate, dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMADP), and isoprene synthase activity, implying that the environmental controls might interact. In addition, acclimation to growth [CO2] can shift the share of the control by DMADP pool size and isoprene synthase activity, and thereby alter the environmental sensitivity. Environmental controls of isoprene emission were studied in hybrid aspen (Populus tremula × Populus tremuloides) saplings acclimated either to ambient [CO2] of 380 μmol mol(-1) or elevated [CO2] of 780 μmol mol(-1). The data demonstrated strong interactive effects of environmental drivers and growth [CO2] on isoprene emissions. Light enhancement of isoprene emission was the greatest at intermediate temperatures and was greater in elevated-[CO2]-grown plants, indicating greater enhancement of the DMADP supply. The optimum temperature for isoprene emission was higher at lower light, suggesting activation of alternative DMADP sinks at higher light. In addition, [CO2] inhibition of isoprene emission was lost at a higher temperature with particularly strong effects in elevated-[CO2]-grown plants. Nevertheless, DMADP pool size was still predicted to more strongly control isoprene emission at higher temperatures in elevated-[CO2]-grown plants. We argue that interactive environmental controls and acclimation to growth [CO2] should be incorporated in future isoprene emission models at the level of DMADP pool size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ülo Niinemets
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51014 Tartu, Estonia Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, 10130 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Zhihong Sun
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
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32
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Copolovici L, Väärtnõu F, Portillo Estrada M, Niinemets Ü. Oak powdery mildew (Erysiphe alphitoides)-induced volatile emissions scale with the degree of infection in Quercus robur. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 34:1399-410. [PMID: 25428827 PMCID: PMC4410320 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpu091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Oak powdery mildew (Erysiphe alphitoides) is a major foliar pathogen of Quercus robur often infecting entire tree stands. In this study, foliage photosynthetic characteristics and constitutive and induced volatile emissions were studied in Q. robur leaves, in order to determine whether the changes in foliage physiological traits are quantitatively associated with the degree of leaf infection, and whether infection changes the light responses of physiological traits. Infection by E. alphitoides reduced net assimilation rate by 3.5-fold and isoprene emission rate by 2.4-fold, and increased stomatal conductance by 1.6-fold in leaves with the largest degree of infection of ∼60%. These alterations in physiological activity were quantitatively associated with the fraction of leaf area infected. In addition, light saturation of net assimilation and isoprene emission was reached at lower light intensity in infected leaves, and infection also reduced the initial quantum yield of isoprene emission. Infection-induced emissions of lipoxygenase pathway volatiles and monoterpenes were light-dependent and scaled positively with the degree of infection. Overall, this study indicates that the reduction of foliage photosynthetic activity and constitutive emissions and the onset of stress volatile emissions scale with the degree of infection, but also that the infection modifies the light responses of foliage physiological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucian Copolovici
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 1 Kreutzwaldi, 51014 Tartu, Estonia Institute of Research, Development, Innovation in Technical and Natural Sciences, 'Aurel Vlaicu' University, 2 Elena Dragoi, 310330 Arad, Romania
| | - Fred Väärtnõu
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 1 Kreutzwaldi, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Miguel Portillo Estrada
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 1 Kreutzwaldi, 51014 Tartu, Estonia Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plant and Vegetation Ecology), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 1 Kreutzwaldi, 51014 Tartu, Estonia Estonian Academy of Sciences, 6 Kohtu, 10130 Tallinn, Estonia
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33
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Dani KGS, Jamie IM, Prentice IC, Atwell BJ. Increased ratio of electron transport to net assimilation rate supports elevated isoprenoid emission rate in eucalypts under drought. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 166:1059-72. [PMID: 25139160 PMCID: PMC4213076 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.246207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plants undergoing heat and low-CO2 stresses emit large amounts of volatile isoprenoids compared with those in stress-free conditions. One hypothesis posits that the balance between reducing power availability and its use in carbon assimilation determines constitutive isoprenoid emission rates in plants and potentially even their maximum emission capacity under brief periods of stress. To test this, we used abiotic stresses to manipulate the availability of reducing power. Specifically, we examined the effects of mild to severe drought on photosynthetic electron transport rate (ETR) and net carbon assimilation rate (NAR) and the relationship between estimated energy pools and constitutive volatile isoprenoid emission rates in two species of eucalypts: Eucalyptus occidentalis (drought tolerant) and Eucalyptus camaldulensis (drought sensitive). Isoprenoid emission rates were insensitive to mild drought, and the rates increased when the decline in NAR reached a certain species-specific threshold. ETR was sustained under drought and the ETR-NAR ratio increased, driving constitutive isoprenoid emission until severe drought caused carbon limitation of the methylerythritol phosphate pathway. The estimated residual reducing power unused for carbon assimilation, based on the energetic status model, significantly correlated with constitutive isoprenoid emission rates across gradients of drought (r(2) > 0.8) and photorespiratory stress (r(2) > 0.9). Carbon availability could critically limit emission rates under severe drought and photorespiratory stresses. Under most instances of moderate abiotic stress levels, increased isoprenoid emission rates compete with photorespiration for the residual reducing power not invested in carbon assimilation. A similar mechanism also explains the individual positive effects of low-CO2, heat, and drought stresses on isoprenoid emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaidala Ganesha Srikanta Dani
- Department of Biological Sciences (K.G.S.D., I.C.P., B.J.A.) and Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences (K.G.S.D., I.M.J.), Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia; andGrantham Institute for Climate Change and Grand Challenges in Ecosystems and Environment, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot SL5 7PY, United Kingdom (I.C.P.)
| | - Ian McLeod Jamie
- Department of Biological Sciences (K.G.S.D., I.C.P., B.J.A.) and Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences (K.G.S.D., I.M.J.), Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia; andGrantham Institute for Climate Change and Grand Challenges in Ecosystems and Environment, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot SL5 7PY, United Kingdom (I.C.P.)
| | - Iain Colin Prentice
- Department of Biological Sciences (K.G.S.D., I.C.P., B.J.A.) and Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences (K.G.S.D., I.M.J.), Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia; andGrantham Institute for Climate Change and Grand Challenges in Ecosystems and Environment, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot SL5 7PY, United Kingdom (I.C.P.)
| | - Brian James Atwell
- Department of Biological Sciences (K.G.S.D., I.C.P., B.J.A.) and Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences (K.G.S.D., I.M.J.), Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia; andGrantham Institute for Climate Change and Grand Challenges in Ecosystems and Environment, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot SL5 7PY, United Kingdom (I.C.P.)
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