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Qiu T, Clark JS, Kovach KR, Townsend PA, Swenson JJ. Remotely sensed crown nutrient concentrations modulate forest reproduction across the contiguous United States. Ecology 2024; 105:e4366. [PMID: 38961606 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Global forests are increasingly lost to climate change, disturbance, and human management. Evaluating forests' capacities to regenerate and colonize new habitats has to start with the seed production of individual trees and how it depends on nutrient access. Studies on the linkage between reproduction and foliar nutrients are limited to a few locations and few species, due to the large investment needed for field measurements on both variables. We synthesized tree fecundity estimates from the Masting Inference and Forecasting (MASTIF) network with foliar nutrient concentrations from hyperspectral remote sensing at the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) across the contiguous United States. We evaluated the relationships between seed production and foliar nutrients for 56,544 tree-years from 26 species at individual and community scales. We found a prevalent association between high foliar phosphorous (P) concentration and low individual seed production (ISP) across the continent. Within-species coefficients to nitrogen (N), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) are related to species differences in nutrient demand, with distinct biogeographic patterns. Community seed production (CSP) decreased four orders of magnitude from the lowest to the highest foliar P. This first continental-scale study sheds light on the relationship between seed production and foliar nutrients, highlighting the potential of using combined Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) and hyperspectral remote sensing to evaluate forest regeneration. The fact that both ISP and CSP decline in the presence of high foliar P levels has immediate application in improving forest demographic and regeneration models by providing more realistic nutrient effects at multiple scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Qiu
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - James S Clark
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Universite Grenoble Alpes, Institut National de Recherche pour Agriculture, Alimentation et Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire EcoSystemes et Societes En Montagne (LESSEM), St. Martin-d'Heres, France
| | - Kyle R Kovach
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Philip A Townsend
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jennifer J Swenson
- Center for Geospatial Analysis, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA
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2
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Maag N, Korner-Nievergelt F, Szymkowiak J, Hałas N, Maziarz M, Neubauer G, Luepold SB, Carlotti S, Schaub M, Flade M, Scherrer D, Grendelmeier A, Riess M, Stelbrink P, Pasinelli G. Wood warbler population dynamics in response to mast seeding regimes in Europe. Ecology 2024; 105:e4227. [PMID: 38038276 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Mast seeding is the episodic, massive production of plant seeds synchronized over large areas. The resulting superabundance of seeds represents a resource pulse that can profoundly affect animal populations across trophic levels. Following years of high seed production, the abundance of both seed consumers and their predators increase. Higher predator abundance leads to increased predation pressure across the trophic web, impacting nonseed consumers such as the wood warbler Phylloscopus sibilatrix through increased nest predation after tree mast years. Over the past 30 years, the frequency of tree seed masts has increased, while wood warbler populations have declined in several regions of Europe. We hypothesized that increasing mast frequencies may have contributed to the observed population declines by creating suboptimal breeding conditions in years after masting. We measured reproductive output in four study areas in central Europe, which was between 0.61 and 1.24 fledglings lower in the years following masting than nonmasting. For each study area, we used matrix population models to predict population trends based on the estimated reproductive output and the local mast frequencies. We then compared the predicted with the observed population trends to assess if the frequency of mast years had contributed to the population dynamics. In Wielkopolska National Park (PL) and Hessen (DE), masting occurred on average only every 4 years and populations were stable or nearly so, whereas in Jura (CH) and Białowieża National Park (PL), masting occurred every 2 and 2.5 years, respectively, and populations were declining. The simple matrix population models predicted the relative difference among local population trends over the past 10-20 years well, suggesting that the masting frequency may partly explain regional variation in population trends. Simulations suggest that further increases in mast frequency will lead to further declines in wood warbler populations. We show that changes in a natural process, such as mast seeding, may contribute to the decline in animal populations through cascading effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nino Maag
- Swiss Ornithological Institute, Sempach, Switzerland
| | | | - Jakub Szymkowiak
- Population Ecology Research Unit, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
- Forest Biology Center, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Natalia Hałas
- Population Ecology Research Unit, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Marta Maziarz
- Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | - Martin Flade
- Schorfheide-Chorin Biosphere Reserve, Angermünde, Germany
| | - Daniel Scherrer
- Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | | | - Michael Riess
- Department of Biology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Pablo Stelbrink
- Department of Biology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Gilberto Pasinelli
- Swiss Ornithological Institute, Sempach, Switzerland
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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3
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Le Roncé I, Dardevet E, Venner S, Schönbeck L, Gessler A, Chuine I, Limousin JM. Reproduction alternation in trees: testing the resource depletion hypothesis using experimental fruit removal in Quercus ilex. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 43:952-964. [PMID: 36892403 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The keystones of resource budget models to explain mast seeding are that fruit production depletes tree stored resources, which become subsequently limiting to flower production the following year. These two hypotheses have, however, rarely been tested in forest trees. Using a fruit removal experiment, we tested whether preventing fruit development would increase nutrient and carbohydrates storage and modify allocation to reproduction and vegetative growth the following year. We removed all the fruits from nine adult Quercus ilex L. trees shortly after fruit set and compared, with nine control trees, the concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), zinc (Zn), potassium (K) and starch in leaves, twigs and trunk before, during and after the development of female flowers and fruits. The following year, we measured the production of vegetative and reproductive organs as well as their location on the new spring shoots. Fruit removal prevented the depletion of N and Zn in leaves during fruit growth. It also modified the seasonal dynamics in Zn, K and starch in twigs, but had no effect on reserves stored in the trunk. Fruit removal increased the production of female flowers and leaves the following year, and decreased the production of male flowers. Our results show that resource depletion operates differently for male and female flowering, because the timing of organ formation and the positioning of flowers in shoot architecture differ between male and female flowers. Our results suggest that N and Zn availability constrain flower production in Q. ilex, but also that other regulatory pathways might be involved. They strongly encourage further experiments manipulating fruit development over multiple years to describe the causal relationships between variations in resource storage and/or uptake, and male and female flower production in masting species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Le Roncé
- CEFE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Elia Dardevet
- CEFE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Samuel Venner
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, UMR 5558, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Leonie Schönbeck
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 9252, USA
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 16, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Chuine
- CEFE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, 34293 Montpellier, France
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4
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Teglia A, Di Baccio D, Matteucci G, Scartazza A, De Cinti B, Mazzenga F, Ravaioli D, Muzzi E, Marcolini G, Magnani F. Effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on the nutritional and physiological status of beech forests at two climatic contrasting sites in Italy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 834:155362. [PMID: 35460784 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities have resulted in a significant increase of reactive nitrogen (N) compounds in the atmosphere and a rise in N deposition on forest ecosystems. Increasing N loads impact forest productivity and health, altering tree physiological status and nutrient balance with possible beneficial and detrimental consequences. The impact of N deposition has received considerable attention by scientific research, covering medium and high latitudes, while experimental studies in the Mediterranean area are almost absent. The present study used a manipulative approach, through replicated N additions (background deposition, 30, 60 kg N ha-1yr-1) to simulate the cumulative effects of N deposition in two beech (Fagus sylvaticaL.) forests located in contrasting climatic regions of Italy. Leaf nutrients and photosynthetic pigments were tested as monitoring indicators after four years of N fertilization. Foliar N and pigment concentrations indicated not limiting N conditions at both forest sites, although changes in chlorophylls and carotenoids showed an early response of the canopy to N additions. N-to-phosphorus (P) and sulfur (S) ratios increased under elevated N fertilization, which could be partly related to the relative enhancement of foliar N concentration, and partly associated with the reduction of foliar P and S. The two eutrophic beech forests monitored were not severely affected by chronic N addition, not showing critical nutritional and physiological impairments over the short to medium period. However, the modifications in leaf nutrient and pigment compositions showed an incipient stress response and accentuated the differences induced by climatic and soil characteristics at the two sites. The potential use of nutrients and photosynthetic pigments in monitoring forest N deposition under contrasting climatic conditions and the eventual limits of manipulative experiments are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Teglia
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Daniela Di Baccio
- National Research Council of Italy, Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (CNR-IRET), Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giorgio Matteucci
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of BioEconomy (CNR-IBE), Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Andrea Scartazza
- National Research Council of Italy, Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (CNR-IRET), Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, Pisa, Italy
| | - Bruno De Cinti
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Terrestrial Ecosystems (CNR-IRET), Via Salaria km 29,300, Montelibretti, RM, Italy
| | - Francesco Mazzenga
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of BioEconomy (CNR-IBE), via dei Taurini 19, 00185, Rome
| | - Dario Ravaioli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, Bologna, Italy
| | - Enrico Muzzi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, Bologna, Italy
| | - Graziella Marcolini
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federico Magnani
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, Bologna, Italy
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5
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Wang Y, Han Q, Kitajima K, Kurokawa H, Shimada T, Yamaryo T, Kabeya D, Kawasaki T, Satake A. Resource allocation strategies in the reproductive organs of Fagaceae species. Ecol Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Wang
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Qingmin Han
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI) Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
| | - Kaoru Kitajima
- Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Hiroko Kurokawa
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI) Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
| | - Takuya Shimada
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI) Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
| | | | - Daisuke Kabeya
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI) Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
| | - Tatsuro Kawasaki
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI) Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
| | - Akiko Satake
- Department of Biology Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
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6
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Jensen AJ, Marneweck CJ, Kilgo JC, Jachowski DS. Coyote diet in North America: geographic and ecological patterns during range expansion. Mamm Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/mam.12299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alex J. Jensen
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation Clemson University Clemson South Carolina 29631 USA
| | - Courtney J. Marneweck
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation Clemson University Clemson South Carolina 29631 USA
| | - John C. Kilgo
- USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station New Ellenton South Carolina 29809 USA
| | - David S. Jachowski
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation Clemson University Clemson South Carolina 29631 USA
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7
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Qiu T, Andrus R, Aravena MC, Ascoli D, Bergeron Y, Berretti R, Berveiller D, Bogdziewicz M, Boivin T, Bonal R, Bragg DC, Caignard T, Calama R, Camarero JJ, Chang-Yang CH, Cleavitt NL, Courbaud B, Courbet F, Curt T, Das AJ, Daskalakou E, Davi H, Delpierre N, Delzon S, Dietze M, Calderon SD, Dormont L, Espelta J, Fahey TJ, Farfan-Rios W, Gehring CA, Gilbert GS, Gratzer G, Greenberg CH, Guo Q, Hacket-Pain A, Hampe A, Han Q, Hille Ris Lambers J, Hoshizaki K, Ibanez I, Johnstone JF, Journé V, Kabeya D, Kilner CL, Kitzberger T, Knops JMH, Kobe RK, Kunstler G, Lageard JGA, LaMontagne JM, Ledwon M, Lefevre F, Leininger T, Limousin JM, Lutz JA, Macias D, McIntire EJB, Moore CM, Moran E, Motta R, Myers JA, Nagel TA, Noguchi K, Ourcival JM, Parmenter R, Pearse IS, Perez-Ramos IM, Piechnik L, Poulsen J, Poulton-Kamakura R, Redmond MD, Reid CD, Rodman KC, Rodriguez-Sanchez F, Sanguinetti JD, Scher CL, Schlesinger WH, Schmidt Van Marle H, Seget B, Sharma S, Silman M, Steele MA, Stephenson NL, Straub JN, Sun IF, Sutton S, Swenson JJ, Swift M, Thomas PA, Uriarte M, Vacchiano G, Veblen TT, Whipple AV, Whitham TG, Wion AP, Wright B, Wright SJ, Zhu K, Zimmerman JK, Zlotin R, Zywiec M, Clark JS. Limits to reproduction and seed size-number trade-offs that shape forest dominance and future recovery. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2381. [PMID: 35501313 PMCID: PMC9061860 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30037-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationships that control seed production in trees are fundamental to understanding the evolution of forest species and their capacity to recover from increasing losses to drought, fire, and harvest. A synthesis of fecundity data from 714 species worldwide allowed us to examine hypotheses that are central to quantifying reproduction, a foundation for assessing fitness in forest trees. Four major findings emerged. First, seed production is not constrained by a strict trade-off between seed size and numbers. Instead, seed numbers vary over ten orders of magnitude, with species that invest in large seeds producing more seeds than expected from the 1:1 trade-off. Second, gymnosperms have lower seed production than angiosperms, potentially due to their extra investments in protective woody cones. Third, nutrient-demanding species, indicated by high foliar phosphorus concentrations, have low seed production. Finally, sensitivity of individual species to soil fertility varies widely, limiting the response of community seed production to fertility gradients. In combination, these findings can inform models of forest response that need to incorporate reproductive potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Qiu
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Robert Andrus
- Department of Geography, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Marie-Claire Aravena
- Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y de la Conservacion de la Naturaleza (FCFCN), La Pintana, 8820808, Santiago, Chile
| | - Davide Ascoli
- Department of Agriculture, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Yves Bergeron
- Forest Research Institute, University of Quebec in Abitibi-Temiscamingue, Rouyn-Noranda, QC, J9X 5E4, Canada
| | - Roberta Berretti
- Department of Agriculture, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Daniel Berveiller
- Universite Paris-Saclay, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systematique et Evolution, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Michal Bogdziewicz
- Department of Systematic Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Thomas Boivin
- Institut National de Recherche pour Agriculture, Alimentation et Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie des Forets Mediterranennes, 84000, Avignon, France
| | - Raul Bonal
- Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Don C Bragg
- USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Monticello, AR, 71656, USA
| | - Thomas Caignard
- Universite Bordeaux, Institut National de Recherche pour Agriculture, Alimentation et Environnement (INRAE), Biodiversity, Genes, and Communities (BIOGECO), 33615, Pessac, France
| | - Rafael Calama
- Centro de Investigacion Forestal - Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CIFOR), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Julio Camarero
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (IPE-CSIC), 50059, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Chia-Hao Chang-Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | | | - Benoit Courbaud
- Universite Grenoble Alpes, Institut National de Recherche pour Agriculture, Alimentation et Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire EcoSystemes et Societes En Montagne (LESSEM), 38402, St. Martin-d'Heres, France
| | - Francois Courbet
- Institut National de Recherche pour Agriculture, Alimentation et Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie des Forets Mediterranennes, 84000, Avignon, France
| | - Thomas Curt
- Aix Marseille universite, Institut National de Recherche pour Agriculture, Alimentation et Environnement (INRAE), 13182, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Adrian J Das
- USGS Western Ecological Research Center, Three Rivers, CA, 93271, USA
| | | | - Hendrik Davi
- Institut National de Recherche pour Agriculture, Alimentation et Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie des Forets Mediterranennes, 84000, Avignon, France
| | - Nicolas Delpierre
- Universite Paris-Saclay, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systematique et Evolution, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Sylvain Delzon
- Universite Bordeaux, Institut National de Recherche pour Agriculture, Alimentation et Environnement (INRAE), Biodiversity, Genes, and Communities (BIOGECO), 33615, Pessac, France
| | - Michael Dietze
- Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Sergio Donoso Calderon
- Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y de la Conservacion de la Naturaleza (FCFCN), La Pintana, 8820808, Santiago, Chile
| | - Laurent Dormont
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Josep Espelta
- Centre de Recerca Ecologica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), Bellaterra, Catalunya, 08193, Spain
| | - Timothy J Fahey
- Natural Resources, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - William Farfan-Rios
- Washington University in Saint Louis, Center for Conservation and Sustainable Development, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Catherine A Gehring
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - Gregory S Gilbert
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Georg Gratzer
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Peter-Jordan-Strasse 82, 1190, Wien, Austria
| | - Cathryn H Greenberg
- Bent Creek Experimental Forest, USDA Forest Service, Asheville, NC, 28801, USA
| | - Qinfeng Guo
- Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center, USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Andrew Hacket-Pain
- Department of Geography and Planning, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Arndt Hampe
- Universite Bordeaux, Institut National de Recherche pour Agriculture, Alimentation et Environnement (INRAE), Biodiversity, Genes, and Communities (BIOGECO), 33615, Pessac, France
| | - Qingmin Han
- Department of Plant Ecology Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8687, Japan
| | | | - Kazuhiko Hoshizaki
- Department of Biological Environment, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, 010-0195, Japan
| | - Ines Ibanez
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jill F Johnstone
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK, 99700, USA
| | - Valentin Journé
- Universite Grenoble Alpes, Institut National de Recherche pour Agriculture, Alimentation et Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire EcoSystemes et Societes En Montagne (LESSEM), 38402, St. Martin-d'Heres, France
| | - Daisuke Kabeya
- Department of Plant Ecology Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8687, Japan
| | | | - Thomas Kitzberger
- Department of Ecology, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas - Universidad Nacional del Comahue), Quintral 1250, 8400, Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Johannes M H Knops
- Health and Environmental Sciences Department, Xian Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Richard K Kobe
- Department of Plant Biology, Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Georges Kunstler
- Universite Grenoble Alpes, Institut National de Recherche pour Agriculture, Alimentation et Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire EcoSystemes et Societes En Montagne (LESSEM), 38402, St. Martin-d'Heres, France
| | - Jonathan G A Lageard
- Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
| | - Jalene M LaMontagne
- Department of Biological Sciences, DePaul University, Chicago, IL, 60614, USA
| | - Mateusz Ledwon
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Slawkowska 17, 31-016, Krakow, Poland
| | - Francois Lefevre
- Institut National de Recherche pour Agriculture, Alimentation et Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie des Forets Mediterranennes, 84000, Avignon, France
| | - Theodor Leininger
- USDA, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, PO Box 227, Stoneville, MS, 38776, USA
| | - Jean-Marc Limousin
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, 1919 route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - James A Lutz
- Department of Wildland Resources, and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Diana Macias
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | | | | | - Emily Moran
- School of Natural Sciences, UC Merced, Merced, CA, 95343, USA
| | - Renzo Motta
- Department of Agriculture, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Jonathan A Myers
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Thomas A Nagel
- Department of forestry and renewable forest resources, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Kyotaro Noguchi
- Tohoku Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Morioka, Iwate, 020-0123, Japan
| | - Jean-Marc Ourcival
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, 1919 route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Robert Parmenter
- Valles Caldera National Preserve, National Park Service, Jemez Springs, NM, 87025, USA
| | - Ian S Pearse
- Fort Collins Science Center, 2150 Centre Avenue Bldg C, Fort Collins, CO, 80526, USA
| | - Ignacio M Perez-Ramos
- Inst. de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (IRNAS-CSIC), Seville, Andalucia, Spain
| | - Lukasz Piechnik
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, 31-512, Krakow, Poland
| | - John Poulsen
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | | | - Miranda D Redmond
- Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, COlorado State University, Fort COllins, CO, USA
| | - Chantal D Reid
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Kyle C Rodman
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | | | - Javier D Sanguinetti
- Bilogo Dpto. Conservacin y Manejo Parque Nacional Lanin Elordi y Perito Moreno, 8370, San Marten de los Andes Neuqun, Argentina
| | - C Lane Scher
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | | | - Harald Schmidt Van Marle
- Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y de la Conservacion de la Naturaleza (FCFCN), La Pintana, 8820808, Santiago, Chile
| | - Barbara Seget
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, 31-512, Krakow, Poland
| | - Shubhi Sharma
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Miles Silman
- Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, 1834 Wake Forest Rd, Winston-Salem, NC, 27106, USA
| | - Michael A Steele
- Department of Biology, Wilkes University, 84 West South Street, Wilkes-Barre, PA, 18766, USA
| | | | - Jacob N Straub
- Department of Environmental Science and Ecology, State University of New York-Brockport, Brockport, NY, 14420, USA
| | - I-Fang Sun
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Ecology and Sustainability, College of Environmental Studies, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Samantha Sutton
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Jennifer J Swenson
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Margaret Swift
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Peter A Thomas
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Maria Uriarte
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, 1113 Schermerhorn Ext., 1200 Amsterdam Ave., New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Giorgio Vacchiano
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Territory, Agroenergy (DISAA), University of Milan, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Thomas T Veblen
- Department of Geography, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Amy V Whipple
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - Thomas G Whitham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - Andreas P Wion
- Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Boyd Wright
- Botany, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2350, Australia
| | - S Joseph Wright
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843n03092, Balboa, Republic of Panama
| | - Kai Zhu
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Jess K Zimmerman
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, PR, 00936, USA
| | - Roman Zlotin
- Geography Department and Russian and East European Institute, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Magdalena Zywiec
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, 31-512, Krakow, Poland
| | - James S Clark
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
- Universite Grenoble Alpes, Institut National de Recherche pour Agriculture, Alimentation et Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire EcoSystemes et Societes En Montagne (LESSEM), 38402, St. Martin-d'Heres, France.
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8
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Fernández-Martínez M. From atoms to ecosystems: elementome diversity meets ecosystem functioning. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 234:35-42. [PMID: 34797938 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The elemental composition of plants (the elementome) is a reliable indicator of their functional traits and the ecological strategies that they follow, and thus represents a good predictor of how ecosystems work. Biodiversity and, especially, functional diversity are also widely recognized as important drivers of ecosystem functioning, mainly because of niche partitioning amongst different species. Here, I review evidence indicating that plant elementomes relate to their ecological niches and how plant elemental concentrations may shift in response to abiotic and biotic drivers. I propose the use of ecosystem elementome diversity as a universal metric to compare ecosystems and investigate diversity-ecosystem functioning relationships. Future research using this promising novel approach will bring together elementomes, diversity, and ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Fernández-Martínez
- Research Group PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium
- CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, E08193, Spain
- BEECA-UB, Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, E08028, Spain
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9
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Pérez-Girón JC, Díaz-Varela ER, Álvarez-Álvarez P, Hernández Palacios O, Ballesteros F, López-Bao JV. Linking landscape structure and vegetation productivity with nut consumption by the Cantabrian brown bear during hyperphagia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 813:152610. [PMID: 34963596 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In bears, reproduction is dependent on the body reserves accumulated during hyperphagia. The Cantabrian brown bear mainly feeds on nuts during the hyperphagia period. Understanding how landscape heterogeneity and vegetation productivity in human-dominated landscapes influence the feeding habits of bears may therefore be important for disentangling species-habitat relationships of conservation interest. We determined the spatial patterns of nut consumption by brown bears during the hyperphagia period in relation to landscape structure, characteristics of fruit-producing patches and vegetation productivity. For this purpose, we constructed foraging models based on nut consumption data (obtained by scat analysis), by combining vegetation productivity data, topographical variables and landscape metrics to identify nut foraging patterns during this critical period for bears. The average wooded area of patches where scats were collected and where the nuts that the bears had consumed were produced was larger than that of the corresponding patches where nuts were not produced. For scats collected outside of nut-producing patches, the distance between the scats and the patches was greatest for chestnut-producing patches. Elevation, Gross Primary Production (GPP) and the Aggregation Index (AI) were good predictors of acorn consumption in the models. Good model fits were not obtained for data on chestnut consumption in bears. The findings confirm that brown bears feeding on nuts show a preference for relatively large, highly aggregated patches with a high degree of diversity in the landscape pattern, which may help the bears to remain undetected. The nut prediction model highlights areas of particular importance for brown bears during hyperphagia. The human presence associated with sweet chestnut forest stands or orchards may make bears feel more vulnerable when feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Carlos Pérez-Girón
- Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, Polytechnic School of Mieres, University of Oviedo, E-33600, Mieres, Asturias, Spain.
| | - Emilio Rafael Díaz-Varela
- Research Group on Planning and Management in Complex Adaptive Socio-Ecological Systems (COMPASSES), School of Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Pedro Álvarez-Álvarez
- Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, Polytechnic School of Mieres, University of Oviedo, E-33600, Mieres, Asturias, Spain
| | - Orencio Hernández Palacios
- Dirección General del Medio Natural y Planificación Rural, Gobierno del Principado de Asturias, E-33005 Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - José Vicente López-Bao
- Biodiversity Research Institute (CSIC - Oviedo University - Principality of Asturias), University of Oviedo, E-33600 Mieres, Spain
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10
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Hacket-Pain A, Bogdziewicz M. Climate change and plant reproduction: trends and drivers of mast seeding change. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2021; 376:20200379. [PMID: 34657461 PMCID: PMC8520772 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change is reshaping global vegetation through its impacts on plant mortality, but recruitment creates the next generation of plants and will determine the structure and composition of future communities. Recruitment depends on mean seed production, but also on the interannual variability and among-plant synchrony in seed production, the phenomenon known as mast seeding. Thus, predicting the long-term response of global vegetation dynamics to climate change requires understanding the response of masting to changing climate. Recently, data and methods have become available allowing the first assessments of long-term changes in masting. Reviewing the literature, we evaluate evidence for a fingerprint of climate change on mast seeding and discuss the drivers and impacts of these changes. We divide our discussion into the main characteristics of mast seeding: interannual variation, synchrony, temporal autocorrelation and mast frequency. Data indicate that masting patterns are changing but the direction of that change varies, likely reflecting the diversity of proximate factors underlying masting across taxa. Experiments to understand the proximate mechanisms underlying masting, in combination with the analysis of long-term datasets, will enable us to understand this observed variability in the response of masting. This will allow us to predict future shifts in masting patterns, and consequently ecosystem impacts of climate change via its impacts on masting. This article is part of the theme issue 'The ecology and evolution of synchronized seed production in plants'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Hacket-Pain
- Department of Geography and Planning, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZT, UK
| | - Michał Bogdziewicz
- Department of Systematic Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Ulica Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, Poznań, 61‐614 Poland
- INRAE, LESSEM, University Grenoble Alpes, 2 rue de la Papeterie, BP 76, Saint‐Martin‐d'Hères, 38400 France
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11
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Le Roncé I, Gavinet J, Ourcival JM, Mouillot F, Chuine I, Limousin JM. Holm oak fecundity does not acclimate to a drier world. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:631-645. [PMID: 33891307 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Climate change might impact tree fecundity by altering the relative influences of meteorological and physiological drivers, and by modifying resource investment in reproduction. Using a 13-yr monitoring of Quercus ilex reproduction in a rainfall exclusion experiment, we analysed the interactive effects of long-term increased aridity and other environmental drivers on the inter-annual variation of fecundity (male flower biomass, number of initiated and mature fruits). Summer-autumn water stress was the main driver of fruit abortion during fruit growth. Rainfall exclusion treatment strongly reduced the number of initiated and mature fruits, even in masting years, and did not increase fruit tolerance to severe drought. Conversely, the relative contribution of the meteorological and physiological drivers, and the inter-annual variability of fruit production were not modified by rainfall exclusion. Rather than inducing an acclimation of tree fecundity to water limitation, increased aridity impacted it negatively through both lower fruit initiation due to changes in resource allocation, and more severe water and resource limitations during fruit growth. Long-term increased aridity affected tree reproduction beyond what is expected from the current response to inter-annual drought variations, suggesting that natural regeneration of holm oak forest could be jeopardised in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Le Roncé
- CEFE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, 1919 route de Mende, Montpellier Cedex 5, 34293, France
| | - Jordane Gavinet
- CEFE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, 1919 route de Mende, Montpellier Cedex 5, 34293, France
| | - Jean-Marc Ourcival
- CEFE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, 1919 route de Mende, Montpellier Cedex 5, 34293, France
| | - Florent Mouillot
- CEFE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, 1919 route de Mende, Montpellier Cedex 5, 34293, France
| | - Isabelle Chuine
- CEFE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, 1919 route de Mende, Montpellier Cedex 5, 34293, France
| | - Jean-Marc Limousin
- CEFE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, 1919 route de Mende, Montpellier Cedex 5, 34293, France
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12
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Plant-available soil nutrients have a limited influence on cone production patterns of individual white spruce trees. Oecologia 2020; 194:101-111. [PMID: 32979086 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04759-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The resource budget model for mast seeding hypothesizes that soil nutrients proximately influence reproduction. Plants in high soil nutrient (particularly N) areas are predicted to have lower reproductive variability over time and higher mean reproduction. While often examined theoretically, there are relatively few empirical tests of this hypothesis. We quantified cone production of 110 individual white spruce (Picea glauca) trees over seven years and quantified plant-available soil macronutrients (N, Ca, K, Mg, P, S) in natural forest conditions across three years with different cone crop conditions. Each of these plant-available soil nutrients were correlated across years (rs = 0.55-0.89; all > 0.81 for total-N); spatially, total-N availability varied 366-fold across trees. Plant-available soil nutrients did not influence variability or mean annual reproduction, contrary to nutrient perturbation experiments. We examined within-year nutrient and cone-production relationships, and observed significant positive relationships between reproduction and plant-available soil nutrients only in a low-reproduction year preceding a mast event. Both during a mast event and the following year, when overall cone production was very high or very low, there were no relationships. Both external drivers (e.g., weather) and internal resource budgets likely influence soil nutrient-reproduction relationships. These results suggest that plant-available soil nutrients may not be a large factor influencing mast-seeding patterns among individuals in this species.
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13
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Fernández-Martínez M, Sardans J, Sayol F, LaMontagne JM, Bogdziewicz M, Collalti A, Hacket-Pain A, Vacchiano G, Espelta JM, Peñuelas J, Janssens IA. Reply to: Nutrient scarcity cannot cause mast seeding. NATURE PLANTS 2020; 6:763-765. [PMID: 32572211 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-020-0703-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Fernández-Martínez
- Research Group PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - J Sardans
- Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Barcelona, Spain
- CREAF, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Sayol
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - J M LaMontagne
- Department of Biological Sciences, DePaul University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M Bogdziewicz
- Department of Systematic Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - A Collalti
- Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ISAFOM), Perugia, Italy
- Department of Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - A Hacket-Pain
- Department of Geography and Planning, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | | | - J Peñuelas
- Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Barcelona, Spain
- CREAF, Barcelona, Spain
| | - I A Janssens
- Research Group PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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14
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Ramirez‐Parada T, Cabrera D, Diaz‐Martin Z, Browne L, Karubian J. Resource‐related variables drive individual variation in flowering phenology and mediate population‐level flowering responses to climate in an asynchronously reproducing palm. Biotropica 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tadeo Ramirez‐Parada
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Tulane University New Orleans LA USA
| | - Domingo Cabrera
- Foundation for the Conservation of the Tropical Andes Quito Ecuador
| | - Zoe Diaz‐Martin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Tulane University New Orleans LA USA
- Foundation for the Conservation of the Tropical Andes Quito Ecuador
| | - Luke Browne
- Foundation for the Conservation of the Tropical Andes Quito Ecuador
- UCLA La Kretz Center for California Conservation Science, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Jordan Karubian
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Tulane University New Orleans LA USA
- Foundation for the Conservation of the Tropical Andes Quito Ecuador
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15
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Pesendorfer MB, Bogdziewicz M, Szymkowiak J, Borowski Z, Kantorowicz W, Espelta JM, Fernández‐Martínez M. Investigating the relationship between climate, stand age, and temporal trends in masting behavior of European forest trees. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:1654-1667. [PMID: 31950581 PMCID: PMC7079002 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Masting-temporally variable seed production with high spatial synchrony-is a pervasive strategy in wind-pollinated trees that is hypothesized to be vulnerable to climate change due to its correlation with variability in abiotic conditions. Recent work suggests that aging may also have strong effects on seed production patterns of trees, but this potential confounding factor has not been considered in previous times series analysis of climate change effects. Using a 54 year dataset for seven dominant species in 17 forests across Poland, we used the proportion of seed-producing trees (PST) to contrast the predictions of the climate change and aging hypotheses in Abies alba, Fagus sylvatica, Larix decidua, Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, Quercus petraea, and Quercus robur. Our results show that in all species, PST increased over time and that this change correlated most strongly with stand age, while the standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index, a measure of drought, contributed to temporal trends in PST of F. sylvatica and Q. robur. Temporal variability of PST also increased over time in all species except P. sylvestris, while trends in temporal autocorrelation and among-stand synchrony reflect species-specific masting strategies. Our results suggest a pivotal role of plant ontogeny in driving not only the extent but also variability and synchrony of reproduction in temperate forest trees. In a time of increasing forest regrowth in Europe, we therefore call for increased attention to demographic effects such as aging on plant reproductive behavior, particularly in studies examining global change effects using long-term time series data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario B. Pesendorfer
- Institute of Forest EcologyDepartment of Forest and Soil SciencesUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
- Cornell Lab of OrnithologyIthacaNYUSA
- Smithsonian Migratory Bird CenterNational Zoological ParkWashingtonDCUSA
| | | | - Jakub Szymkowiak
- Population Ecology LabFaculty of BiologyAdam Mickiewicz UniversityPoznańPoland
| | | | - Władysław Kantorowicz
- Department of Silviculture and Genetics of Forest TreesForest Research InstituteRaszynPoland
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16
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Bogdziewicz M, Kelly D, Thomas PA, Lageard JGA, Hacket-Pain A. Climate warming disrupts mast seeding and its fitness benefits in European beech. NATURE PLANTS 2020; 6:88-94. [PMID: 32042155 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-020-0592-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Many plants benefit from synchronous year-to-year variation in seed production, called masting. Masting benefits plants because it increases the efficiency of pollination and satiates predators, which reduces seed loss. Here, using a 39-year-long dataset, we show that climate warming over recent decades has increased seed production of European beech but decreased the year-to-year variability of seed production and the reproductive synchrony among individuals. Consequently, the benefit that the plants gained from masting has declined. While climate warming was associated with increased reproductive effort, we demonstrate that less effective pollination and greater losses of seeds to predators offset any benefits to the plants. This shows that an apparently simple benefit of climate warming unravels because of complex ecological interactions. Our results indicate that in masting systems, the main beneficiaries of climate-driven increases in seed production are seed predators, not plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Bogdziewicz
- Department of Systematic Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Dave Kelly
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Peter A Thomas
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Jonathan G A Lageard
- Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew Hacket-Pain
- Department of Geography and Planning, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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17
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Fernández-Martínez M, Pearse I, Sardans J, Sayol F, Koenig WD, LaMontagne JM, Bogdziewicz M, Collalti A, Hacket-Pain A, Vacchiano G, Espelta JM, Peñuelas J, Janssens IA. Nutrient scarcity as a selective pressure for mast seeding. NATURE PLANTS 2019; 5:1222-1228. [PMID: 31792395 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-019-0549-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mast seeding is one of the most intriguing reproductive traits in nature. Despite its potential drawbacks in terms of fitness, the widespread existence of this phenomenon suggests that it should have evolutionary advantages under certain circumstances. Using a global dataset of seed production time series for 219 plant species from all of the continents, we tested whether masting behaviour appears predominantly in species with low foliar nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations when controlling for local climate and productivity. Here, we show that masting intensity is higher in species with low foliar N and P concentrations, and especially in those with imbalanced N/P ratios, and that the evolutionary history of masting behaviour has been linked to that of nutrient economy. Our results support the hypothesis that masting is stronger in species growing under limiting conditions and suggest that this reproductive behaviour might have evolved as an adaptation to nutrient limitations and imbalances.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fernández-Martínez
- PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
- Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - I Pearse
- US Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - J Sardans
- Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Barcelona, Spain
- CREAF, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Sayol
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - W D Koenig
- Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - J M LaMontagne
- Department of Biological Sciences, DePaul University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M Bogdziewicz
- Department of Systematic Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - A Collalti
- Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ISAFOM), Rende, Italy
- Department of Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - A Hacket-Pain
- Department of Geography and Planning, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | | | - J Peñuelas
- Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Barcelona, Spain
- CREAF, Barcelona, Spain
| | - I A Janssens
- PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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18
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Fernández‐Martínez M, Berloso F, Corbera J, Garcia‐Porta J, Sayol F, Preece C, Sabater F. Towards a moss sclerophylly continuum: Evolutionary history, water chemistry and climate control traits of hygrophytic mosses. Funct Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Fernández‐Martínez
- Department of Biology Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems) University of Antwerp Wilrijk Belgium
- Delegació de la Serralada Litoral Central (ICHN) Mataró Spain
| | - Ferran Berloso
- Delegació de la Serralada Litoral Central (ICHN) Mataró Spain
| | - Jordi Corbera
- Delegació de la Serralada Litoral Central (ICHN) Mataró Spain
| | - Joan Garcia‐Porta
- Department of Biology Washington University in Saint Louis St. Louis MO USA
| | - Ferran Sayol
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre (GGBC) Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Catherine Preece
- CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF‐CSIC‐UAB Barcelona Spain
- CREAF Barcelona Spain
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19
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Fernández‐Martínez M, Vicca S, Janssens IA, Carnicer J, Martín‐Vide J, Peñuelas J. The consecutive disparity index,
D
: a measure of temporal variability in ecological studies. Ecosphere 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Fernández‐Martínez
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems) Department of Biology University of Antwerp 2610 Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Sara Vicca
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems) Department of Biology University of Antwerp 2610 Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Ivan A. Janssens
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems) Department of Biology University of Antwerp 2610 Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Jofre Carnicer
- CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF‐CSIC‐UAB Cerdanyola del Vallés 08193 Catalonia Spain
- CREAF Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193 Catalonia Spain
- Department of Ecology University of Barcelona Avinguda Diagonal 643 08028 Barcelona Spain
- eGELIFES Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences University of Groningen P.O. Box 11103 9700 CC Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Javier Martín‐Vide
- Group of Climatology University of Barcelona Montalegre 6 Barcelona 08001 Spain
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF‐CSIC‐UAB Cerdanyola del Vallés 08193 Catalonia Spain
- CREAF Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193 Catalonia Spain
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Fernández-Martínez M, Llusià J, Filella I, Niinemets Ü, Arneth A, Wright IJ, Loreto F, Peñuelas J. Nutrient-rich plants emit a less intense blend of volatile isoprenoids. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 220:773-784. [PMID: 29120052 PMCID: PMC6345376 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The emission of isoprenoids (e.g. isoprene and monoterpenes) by plants plays an important defensive role against biotic and abiotic stresses. Little is known, however, about the functional traits linked to species-specific variability in the types and rates of isoprenoids emitted and about possible co-evolution of functional traits with isoprenoid emission type (isoprene emitter, monoterpene emitter or both). We combined data for isoprene and monoterpene emission rates per unit dry mass with key functional traits (foliar nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations, and leaf mass per area) and climate for 113 plant species, covering the boreal, wet temperate, Mediterranean and tropical biomes. Foliar N was positively correlated with isoprene emission, and foliar P was negatively correlated with both isoprene and monoterpene emission rate. Nonemitting plants generally had the highest nutrient concentrations, and those storing monoterpenes had the lowest concentrations. Our phylogenetic analyses found that the type of isoprenoid emission followed an adaptive, rather than a random model of evolution. Evolution of isoprenoids may be linked to nutrient availability. Foliar N and P are good predictors of the type of isoprenoid emission and the rate at which monoterpenes, and to a lesser extent isoprene, are emitted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Fernández-Martínez
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plant and Vegetation Ecology),
Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CEAB-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193
Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia,
Spain
| | - Joan Llusià
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CEAB-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193
Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia,
Spain
| | - Iolanda Filella
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CEAB-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193
Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia,
Spain
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Agricultural and
Environmental Sciences, 1 Kreutzwaldi, Tartu 51014, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, 10130 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Almut Arneth
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Atmospheric Environmental
Research, Kreuzeckbahnstr. 19, 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Ian J. Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109,
Australia
| | - Francesco Loreto
- National Research Council of Italy, Department of Biology,
Agriculture and Food Sciences (CNR-DISBA), Piazzale Aldo Moro 7, Rome, Italy
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CEAB-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193
Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia,
Spain
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Inter-annual and decadal changes in teleconnections drive continental-scale synchronization of tree reproduction. Nat Commun 2017; 8:2205. [PMID: 29263383 PMCID: PMC5738406 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02348-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate teleconnections drive highly variable and synchronous seed production (masting) over large scales. Disentangling the effect of high-frequency (inter-annual variation) from low-frequency (decadal trends) components of climate oscillations will improve our understanding of masting as an ecosystem process. Using century-long observations on masting (the MASTREE database) and data on the Northern Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), we show that in the last 60 years both high-frequency summer and spring NAO, and low-frequency winter NAO components are highly correlated to continent-wide masting in European beech and Norway spruce. Relationships are weaker (non-stationary) in the early twentieth century. This finding improves our understanding on how climate variation affects large-scale synchronization of tree masting. Moreover, it supports the connection between proximate and ultimate causes of masting: indeed, large-scale features of atmospheric circulation coherently drive cues and resources for masting, as well as its evolutionary drivers, such as pollination efficiency, abundance of seed dispersers, and natural disturbance regimes.
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Fernández-Martínez M, Bogdziewicz M, Espelta JM, Peñuelas J. Nature beyond Linearity: Meteorological Variability and Jensen's Inequality Can Explain Mast Seeding Behavior. Front Ecol Evol 2017. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2017.00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Liu Y, Ying Z, Wang S, Liao J, Lu H, Ma L, Li Z. Modeling the impact of reproductive mode on masting. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:6284-6291. [PMID: 28861232 PMCID: PMC5574799 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Masting is defined as the intermittent highly variable production of seed in a plant population. According to reproductive modes, that is, sexual and asexual reproduction, masting species can be separated into three groups, that is, (1) species, for example, bamboo, flower only once before they die; (2) species, for example, Fagus, reproduce sexually; and (3) species, for example, Stipa tenacissima, reproduce both sexually and asexually. Several theories have been proposed to explore the underlying mechanisms of masting. However, to our knowledge, no theory has been found to explain the mechanism of masting species that reproduce both sexually and asexually. Here we refine the Resource Budget Model by considering a trade-off between sexual and asexual reproduction. Besides the depletion efficient (i.e., the ratio of the cost of seed setting and the cost of flowering), other factors, such as the annual remaining resource (i.e., the rest of the resource from the photosynthetic activity after allocating to growth and maintenance), the trade-off between sexual and asexual reproduction, and the reproductive thresholds, also affect masting. Moreover, two potential reproductive strategies are found to explain the mechanisms: (1) When the annual remaining resource is relatively low, plants reproduce asexually and a part of the resource is accumulated as the cost of asexual reproduction is less than the annual remaining resource. Plants flower and set fruits once the accumulated resource exceeds the threshold of sexual reproduction; (2) when the annual remaining resource is relatively high, and the accumulated resource surpasses the threshold of sexual reproduction, masting occurs. Remarkably, under certain depletion efficient, more investigation in sexual reproduction will lead plants to reproduce periodically. Additionally, plants investigate less resource to reproduce periodically when depletion efficient keeps increasing as plants can reproduce efficiently. Overall, our study provides new insights into the interpretation of masting, especially for species that reproduce both sexually and asexually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China.,Department of Biology Centre of Excellence Plant and Ecosystem University of Antwerp Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Zhixia Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China.,College of Life Science Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization Ministry of Education Nanchang University Nanchang China
| | - Shichang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Centre for Computational Biology and Evolution Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Jinbao Liao
- Ministry of Education's Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang China
| | - Hui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Liang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Zhenqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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Vacchiano G, Hacket-Pain A, Turco M, Motta R, Maringer J, Conedera M, Drobyshev I, Ascoli D. Spatial patterns and broad-scale weather cues of beech mast seeding in Europe. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 215:595-608. [PMID: 28631320 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Mast seeding is a crucial population process in many tree species, but its spatio-temporal patterns and drivers at the continental scale remain unknown . Using a large dataset (8000 masting observations across Europe for years 1950-2014) we analysed the spatial pattern of masting across the entire geographical range of European beech, how it is influenced by precipitation, temperature and drought, and the temporal and spatial stability of masting-weather correlations. Beech masting exhibited a general distance-dependent synchronicity and a pattern structured in three broad geographical groups consistent with continental climate regimes. Spearman's correlations and logistic regression revealed a general pattern of beech masting correlating negatively with temperature in the summer 2 yr before masting, and positively with summer temperature 1 yr before masting (i.e. 2T model). The temperature difference between the two previous summers (DeltaT model) was also a good predictor. Moving correlation analysis applied to the longest eight chronologies (74-114 yr) revealed stable correlations between temperature and masting, confirming consistency in weather cues across space and time. These results confirm widespread dependency of masting on temperature and lend robustness to the attempts to reconstruct and predict mast years using temperature data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Vacchiano
- DISAFA, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Andrew Hacket-Pain
- St Catherine's College, Manor Road, Oxford, OX1 3UJ, UK
- Fitzwilliam College, Storeys Way, Cambridge, CB3 0DG, UK
| | - Marco Turco
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 647, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), c/Jordi Girona 29, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Renzo Motta
- DISAFA, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Janet Maringer
- Institute for Landscape Planning and Ecology, University of Stuttgart, Keplerstr. 11, 70174, Stuttgart, Germany
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow, and Landscape Research WSL, a Ramél 18, CH-6953, Cadenazzo, Switzerland
| | - Marco Conedera
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow, and Landscape Research WSL, a Ramél 18, CH-6953, Cadenazzo, Switzerland
| | - Igor Drobyshev
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 49, 230 53, Alnarp, Sweden
- Chaire industrielle CRSNG-UQAT-UQAM en aménagement forestier durable, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, 445 Boulevard de l'Université, Rouyn-Noranda, QC, J9X 5E4, Canada
| | - Davide Ascoli
- Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, 80055, Portici (NA), Italy
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Allen RB, Millard P, Richardson SJ. A Resource Centric View of Climate and Mast Seeding in Trees. PROGRESS IN BOTANY VOL. 79 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/124_2017_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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