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Nair R, Luo Y, El-Madany T, Rolo V, Pacheco-Labrador J, Caldararu S, Morris KA, Schrumpf M, Carrara A, Moreno G, Reichstein M, Migliavacca M. Nitrogen availability and summer drought, but not N:P imbalance, drive carbon use efficiency of a Mediterranean tree-grass ecosystem. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17486. [PMID: 39215546 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
All ecosystems contain both sources and sinks for atmospheric carbon (C). A change in their balance of net and gross ecosystem carbon uptake, ecosystem-scale carbon use efficiency (CUEECO), is a change in their ability to buffer climate change. However, anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition is increasing N availability, potentially shifting terrestrial ecosystem stoichiometry towards phosphorus (P) limitation. Depending on how gross primary production (GPP, plants alone) and ecosystem respiration (RECO, plants and heterotrophs) are limited by N, P or associated changes in other biogeochemical cycles, CUEECO may change. Seasonally, CUEECO also varies as the multiple processes that control GPP and respiration and their limitations shift in time. We worked in a Mediterranean tree-grass ecosystem (locally called 'dehesa') characterized by mild, wet winters and summer droughts. We examined CUEECO from eddy covariance fluxes over 6 years under control, +N and + NP fertilized treatments on three timescales: annual, seasonal (determined by vegetation phenological phases) and 14-day aggregations. Finer aggregation allowed consideration of responses to specific patterns in vegetation activity and meteorological conditions. We predicted that CUEECO should be increased by wetter conditions, and successively by N and NP fertilization. Milder and wetter years with proportionally longer growing seasons increased CUEECO, as did N fertilization, regardless of whether P was added. Using a generalized additive model, whole ecosystem phenological status and water deficit indicators, which both varied with treatment, were the main determinants of 14-day differences in CUEECO. The direction of water effects depended on the timescale considered and occurred alongside treatment-dependent water depletion. Overall, future regional trends of longer dry summers may push these systems towards lower CUEECO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Nair
- Discipline of Botany, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Biogeochemical Integration, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Yunpeng Luo
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Tarek El-Madany
- Department of Biogeochemical Integration, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Victor Rolo
- Forest Research Group, INDEHESA, University of Extremadura, Plasencia, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Javier Pacheco-Labrador
- Joint Global Change Research Institute, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Environmental Remote Sensing and Spectroscopy Laboratory (SpecLab), Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Caldararu
- Discipline of Botany, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kendalynn A Morris
- Joint Global Change Research Institute, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Marion Schrumpf
- Department of Biogeochemical Integration, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Arnaud Carrara
- Fundación Centro de Estudios Ambientales del Mediterráneo (CEAM), Valencia, Spain
| | - Gerardo Moreno
- Forest Research Group, INDEHESA, University of Extremadura, Plasencia, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Markus Reichstein
- Department of Biogeochemical Integration, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Mirco Migliavacca
- Department of Biogeochemical Integration, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Ispra, VA, Italy
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2
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Luo Z, Ren J, Manzoni S, Fatichi S. Temperature controls the relation between soil organic carbon and microbial carbon use efficiency. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17492. [PMID: 39248442 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) is an important variable mediating microbial effects on soil organic carbon (SOC) since it summarizes how much carbon is used for microbial growth or is respired. Yet, the role of CUE in regulating SOC storage remains debated, with evidence for both positive and negative SOC-CUE relations. Here, we use a combination of measured data around the world and numerical simulations to explore SOC-CUE relations accounting for temperature (T) effects on CUE. Results reveal that the sign of the CUE-T relation controls the direction of the SOC-CUE relations. A negative CUE-T relation leads to a positive SOC-CUE relation and vice versa, highlighting that CUE-T patterns significantly affect how organic carbon is used by microbes and hence SOC-CUE relations. Numerical results also confirm the observed negative SOC-T relation, regardless of the CUE-T patterns, implying that temperature plays a more dominant role than CUE in controlling SOC storage. The SOC-CUE relation is usually negative when temperature effects are isolated, even though it can become positive when nonlinear microbial turnover is considered. These results indicate a dominant role of CUE-T patterns in controlling the SOC-CUE relation. Our findings help to better understand SOC and microbial responses to a warming climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Luo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jianning Ren
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stefano Manzoni
- Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simone Fatichi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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3
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Ren C, Zhou Z, Delgado-Baquerizo M, Bastida F, Zhao F, Yang Y, Zhang S, Wang J, Zhang C, Han X, Wang J, Yang G, Wei G. Thermal sensitivity of soil microbial carbon use efficiency across forest biomes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6269. [PMID: 39054311 PMCID: PMC11272934 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50593-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the large-scale pattern of soil microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) and its temperature sensitivity (CUET) is critical for understanding soil carbon-climate feedback. We used the 18O-H2O tracer method to quantify CUE and CUET along a north-south forest transect. Climate was the primary factor that affected CUE and CUET, predominantly through direct pathways, then by altering soil properties, carbon fractions, microbial structure and functions. Negative CUET (CUE decreases with measuring temperature) in cold forests (mean annual temperature lower than 10 °C) and positive CUET (CUE increases with measuring temperature) in warm forests (mean annual temperature greater than 10 °C) suggest that microbial CUE optimally operates at their adapted temperature. Overall, the plasticity of microbial CUE and its temperature sensitivity alter the feedback of soil carbon to climate warming; that is, a climate-adaptive microbial community has the capacity to reduce carbon loss from soil matrices under corresponding favorable climate conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjie Ren
- State key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- The Research Center of Recycle Agricultural Engineering and Technology of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhenghu Zhou
- School of ecology, Northeast Asia Biodiversity Research Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo
- Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Funcionamiento Ecosistémico. Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, Av. Reina Mercedes 10, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Felipe Bastida
- CEBAS-CSIC, Department of Soil and Water Conservation, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Fazhu Zhao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuanhe Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuohong Zhang
- State key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- The Research Center of Recycle Agricultural Engineering and Technology of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jieying Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinhui Han
- State key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- The Research Center of Recycle Agricultural Engineering and Technology of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gaihe Yang
- State key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
- The Research Center of Recycle Agricultural Engineering and Technology of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Gehong Wei
- State key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
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Michaletz ST, Garen JC. Hotter is not (always) better: Embracing unimodal scaling of biological rates with temperature. Ecol Lett 2024; 27:e14381. [PMID: 38332503 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Rate-temperature scaling relationships have fascinated biologists for nearly two centuries and are increasingly important in our era of global climate change. These relationships are hypothesized to originate from the temperature-dependent kinetics of rate-limiting biochemical reactions of metabolism. Several prominent theories have formalized this hypothesis using the Arrhenius model, which characterizes a monotonic temperature dependence using an activation energy E. However, the ubiquitous unimodal nature of biological temperature responses presents important theoretical, methodological, and conceptual challenges that restrict the promise for insight, prediction, and progress. Here we review the development of key hypotheses and methods for the temperature-scaling of biological rates. Using simulations, we examine the constraints of monotonic models, illustrating their sensitivity to data nuances such as temperature range and noise, and their tendency to yield variable and underestimated E, with critical consequences for climate change predictions. We also evaluate the behaviour of two prominent unimodal models when applied to incomplete and noisy datasets. We conclude with recommendations for resolving these challenges in future research, and advocate for a shift to unimodal models that better characterize the full range of biological temperature responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean T Michaletz
- Department of Botany, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Biodiversity Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Josef C Garen
- Department of Botany, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Biodiversity Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Wang X, Li Y, Wang L, Duan Y, Yao B, Chen Y, Cao W. Soil extracellular enzyme stoichiometry reflects microbial metabolic limitations in different desert types of northwestern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 874:162504. [PMID: 36863586 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Soil extracellular enzyme activity (EEA) stoichiometry reflects the dynamic balance between microorganism metabolic demands for resources and nutrient availability. However, variations in metabolic limitations and their driving factors in arid desert areas with oligotrophic environments remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated sites in different desert types in western China and measured the activities of two C-acquiring enzymes (β-1,4-glucosidase and β-D-cellobiohydrolase), two N-acquiring enzymes (β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase and L-leucine aminopeptidase), and one organic-P-acquiring enzyme (alkaline phosphatase) to quantify and compare the metabolic limitations of soil microorganisms based on their EEA stoichiometry. The ratios of log-transformed C-, N-, and P-acquiring enzyme activities for all deserts combined were 1:1.1:0.9, which is close to the hypothetical global mean EEA stoichiometry (1:1:1). We quantified the microbial nutrient limitation by means of vector analysis using the proportional EEAs, and found that microbial metabolism was co-limited by soil C and N. For different desert types, the microbial N limitation increased in the following order: gravel desert < sand desert < mud desert < salt desert. Overall, the study area's climate explained the largest proportion of the variation in the microbial limitation (17.9 %), followed by soil abiotic factors (6.6 %) and biological factors (5.1 %). Our results confirmed that the EEA stoichiometry method can be used in microbial resource ecology research in a range of desert types, and that the soil microorganisms maintained community-level nutrient element homeostasis by adjusting enzyme production to increase uptake of scarce nutrients even in extremely oligotrophic environments such as deserts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyang Wang
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tongliao 028300, China
| | - Yuqiang Li
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tongliao 028300, China.
| | - Lilong Wang
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tongliao 028300, China
| | - Yulong Duan
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tongliao 028300, China
| | - Bo Yao
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tongliao 028300, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tongliao 028300, China
| | - Wenjie Cao
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tongliao 028300, China
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6
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Gong X, Feng Y, Dang K, Jiang Y, Qi H, Feng B. Linkages of microbial community structure and root exudates: Evidence from microbial nitrogen limitation in soils of crop families. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 881:163536. [PMID: 37075993 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Rhizosphere microorganisms are critical for crop nutrient cycling and soil ecological functions in agroecosystem soils; however, there is limited information regarding the role of root exudates in determining soil microbial communities and functions in plant-soil systems, especially for microbial nutrient limitations. In the present study, rhizosphere soil samples were collected from the main food crop families, including maize, soybean, potato, and buckwheat, representing the cereals, Leguminosae, Solanaceae, and Polygonaceae families, in the northern Loess Plateau, China, to investigate soil microbial co-occurrences and assembly processes and the relationship between soil microbes and root exudates. The results showed that the crop families greatly regulated the soil microbial community composition and assembly, and all microorganisms of the four species were subjected to N limitation via the vector analysis. The topological properties of the soil microbial networks varied with the crop family, demonstrating that the ecological relationships of bacterial taxa are more complex than those of fungi. Stochastic processes were more important in stimulating assembly across the four crop families; the non-dominated process governed >60 % of the critical ecological turnover in community assembly, whereas dispersal limitation was the key factor influencing fungal community assembly. Furthermore, the metabolic profiles of root exudates in response to microbial N limitation varied by family. Microbial function and metabolic limitations were strongly associated with variations in root exudates, especially amino acids and organic acids, which were directly facilitated by crop families. Our results highlight the key roles of root exudates in stimulating microbial community structure and ecological functions from the perspective of microbial nutrient limitation and improve our understanding of plant-microbe interactions in agricultural ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangwei Gong
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, PR China.
| | - Yu Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Ke Dang
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Ying Jiang
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, PR China
| | - Hua Qi
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, PR China
| | - Baili Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
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7
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Liu Z, Chen Z, Yu G, Yang M, Zhang W, Zhang T, Han L. Ecosystem carbon use efficiency in ecologically vulnerable areas in China: Variation and influencing factors. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1062055. [PMID: 36578349 PMCID: PMC9791104 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1062055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ecologically vulnerable areas (EVAs) are regions with ecosystems that are fragile and vulnerable to degradation under external disturbances, e.g., environmental changes and human activities. A comprehensive understanding of the climate change characteristics of EVAs in China is of great guiding significance for ecological protection and economic development. The ecosystem carbon use efficiency (CUEe) can be defined as the ratio of the net ecosystem productivity (NEP) to gross primary productivity (GPP), one of the most important ecological indicators of ecosystems, representing the capacity for carbon transfer from the atmosphere to a potential ecosystem carbon sink. Understanding the variation in the CUEe and its controlling factors is paramount for regional carbon budget evaluation. Although many CUEe studies have been performed, the spatial variation characteristics and influencing factors of the CUEe are still unclear, especially in EVAs in China. In this study, we synthesized 55 field measurements (3 forestland sites, 37 grassland sites, 6 cropland sites, 9 wetland sites) of the CUEe to examine its variation and influencing factors in EVAs in China. The results showed that the CUEe in EVAs in China ranged from -0.39 to 0.67 with a mean value of 0.20. There were no significant differences in the CUEe among different vegetation types, but there were significant differences in CUEe among the different EVAs (agro-pastoral ecotones < Tibetan Plateau < arid and semiarid areas < Loess Plateau). The CUEe first decreased and then increased with increasing mean annual temperature (MAT), soil pH and soil organic carbon (SOC) and decreased with increasing mean annual precipitation (MAP). The most important factors affecting the CUEe were biotic factors (NEP, GPP, and leaf area index (LAI)). Biotic factors directly affected the CUEe, while climate (MAT and MAP) and soil factors (soil pH and SOC) exerted indirect effects. The results illustrated the comprehensive effect of environmental factors and ecosystem attributes on CUEe variation, which is of great value for the evaluation of regional ecosystem functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaogang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Yanshan Earth Critical Zone and Surface Fluxes Research Station, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guirui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Yanshan Earth Critical Zone and Surface Fluxes Research Station, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weikang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyou Zhang
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Lang Han
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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8
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Cyle KT, Klein AR, Aristilde L, Martínez CE. Dynamic utilization of low-molecular-weight organic substrates across a microbial growth rate gradient. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:1479-1495. [PMID: 35665577 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Low-molecular-weight organic substances (LMWOSs) are at the nexus between microorganisms, plant roots, detritus, and the soil mineral matrix. Nominal oxidation state of carbon (NOSC) has been suggested a potential parameter for modeling microbial uptake rates of LMWOSs and the efficiency of carbon incorporation into new biomass. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we assessed the role of compound class and oxidation state on uptake kinetics and substrate-specific carbon use efficiency (SUE) during the growth of three model soil microorganisms, a fungal isolate (Penicillium spinulosum) and two bacterial isolates (Paraburkholderia solitsugae, and Ralstonia pickettii). Isolates were chosen that spanned a growth rate gradient (0.046-0.316 h-1 ) in media containing 34 common LMWOSs at realistically low initial concentrations (25 μM each). Clustered, co-utilization of LMWOSs occurred for all three organisms. Potential trends (p < 0.05) for early utilization of more oxidized substrates were present for the two bacterial isolates (P. solitsugae and R. pickettii), but high variability (R2 < 0.15) and a small effect of NOSC indicate these relationships are not useful for prediction. The SUEs of selected substrates ranged from 0.16-0.99 and there was no observed relationship between NOSC and SUE. CONCLUSION Our results do not provide compelling population-level support for NOSC as a predictive tool for either uptake kinetics or the efficiency of use of LMWOS in soil solution. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Metabolic strategies of organisms are likely more important than chemical identity in determining LMWOS cycling in soils. Previous community-level observations may be biased towards fast-responding bacterial community members.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Taylor Cyle
- Soil and Crop Sciences, School of Integrative Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Annaleise R Klein
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Riley-Robb Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853.,Australian Synchrotron, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Ludmilla Aristilde
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Riley-Robb Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853.,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Carmen Enid Martínez
- Soil and Crop Sciences, School of Integrative Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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9
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Fanin N, Mooshammer M, Sauvadet M, Meng C, Alvarez G, Bernard L, Bertrand I, Blagodatskaya E, Bon L, Fontaine S, Niu S, Lashermes G, Maxwell TL, Weintraub M, Wingate L, Moorhead D, Nottingham A. Soil enzymes in response to climate warming: mechanisms and feedbacks. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Fanin
- INRAE Bordeaux Sciences Agro UMR 1391 ISPA 71 avenue Edouard Bourlaux, CS 20032 F33882 Villenave‐d’Ornon cedex France
| | - Maria Mooshammer
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management University of California Berkeley Berkeley CA USA
| | - Marie Sauvadet
- CIRAD UPR GECO F97285 Le Lamentin, Martinique France
- CIRAD, GECO Univ Montpellier Montpellier France
| | - Cheng Meng
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China
| | - Gaël Alvarez
- INRAE Université Clermont Auvergne VetAgro Sup UMR Ecosystème Prairial 63000 Clermont Ferrand France
| | - Laëtitia Bernard
- INRAE IRD, CIRAD Institut Agro Univ Montpellier UMR Eco&Sols Montpellier France
| | - Isabelle Bertrand
- INRAE IRD, CIRAD Institut Agro Univ Montpellier UMR Eco&Sols Montpellier France
| | - Evgenia Blagodatskaya
- Department of Soil Ecology Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ Halle, Saale Germany
- Agro‐Technological Institute RUDN University Moscow Russia
| | - Lucie Bon
- INRAE Bordeaux Sciences Agro UMR 1391 ISPA 71 avenue Edouard Bourlaux, CS 20032 F33882 Villenave‐d’Ornon cedex France
| | - Sébastien Fontaine
- INRAE Université Clermont Auvergne VetAgro Sup UMR Ecosystème Prairial 63000 Clermont Ferrand France
| | - Shuli Niu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China
| | - Gwenaelle Lashermes
- INRAE Université de Reims Champagne‐Ardenne UMR A 614 FARE 51097 Reims France
| | - Tania L. Maxwell
- INRAE Bordeaux Sciences Agro UMR 1391 ISPA 71 avenue Edouard Bourlaux, CS 20032 F33882 Villenave‐d’Ornon cedex France
| | | | - Lisa Wingate
- INRAE Bordeaux Sciences Agro UMR 1391 ISPA 71 avenue Edouard Bourlaux, CS 20032 F33882 Villenave‐d’Ornon cedex France
| | - Daryl Moorhead
- Department of Environmental Sciences University of Toledo 2801 W. Bancroft St Toledo Ohio 43606‐3390 USA
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10
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Adingo S, Yu JR, Xuelu L, Li X, Jing S, Xiaong Z. Variation of soil microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) and its Influence mechanism in the context of global environmental change: a review. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12131. [PMID: 34721956 PMCID: PMC8522642 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil microbial carbon utilization efficiency (CUE) is the efficiency with which microorganisms convert absorbed carbon (C) into their own biomass C, also referred to as microorganism growth efficiency. Soil microbial CUE is a critical physiological and ecological parameter in the ecosystem’s C cycle, influencing the processes of C retention, turnover, soil mineralization, and greenhouse gas emission. Understanding the variation of soil microbial CUE and its influence mechanism in the context of global environmental change is critical for a better understanding of the ecosystem’s C cycle process and its response to global changes. In this review, the definition of CUE and its measurement methods are reviewed, and the research progress of soil microbial CUE variation and influencing factors is primarily reviewed and analyzed. Soil microbial CUE is usually expressed as the ratio of microbial growth and absorption, which is divided into methods based on the microbial growth rate, microbial biomass, substrate absorption rate, and substrate concentration change, and varies from 0.2 to 0.8. Thermodynamics, ecological environmental factors, substrate nutrient quality and availability, stoichiometric balance, and microbial community composition all influence this variation. In the future, soil microbial CUE research should focus on quantitative analysis of trace metabolic components, analysis of the regulation mechanism of biological-environmental interactions, and optimization of the carbon cycle model of microorganisms’ dynamic physiological response process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Adingo
- College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jie-Ru Yu
- College of Resources and Environment, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Liu Xuelu
- College of Resources and Environment, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaodan Li
- School of Management, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Sun Jing
- College of Resources and Environment, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zhang Xiaong
- College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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11
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Mo F, Zhu Y, Wang ZY, Deng HL, Li PF, Sun SK, Xiong YC. Polyethylene film mulching enhances the microbial carbon-use efficiency, physical and chemical protection of straw-derived carbon in an Entisol of the Loess Plateau. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 792:148357. [PMID: 34157529 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The global use of agricultural polyethylene mulches has emerged as a widespread farming practice, however, its effects on the fate and dynamics of crop straw-derived C in soil microbial biomass C (MBC), aggregate-associated and chemical recalcitrance-related C fractions are rarely assessed in situ. A two-year field experiment using 13C-labeled maize stem was carried out to quantify the allocation and dynamics of straw-C in an Entisol with and without plastic mulching. The results indicated that across the treatments, from 49.2% to 56.4% of straw-13C was released as CO2-C, from 34.9% to 43.1% was sequestrated as SOC pool, and from 6.7% to 9.7% remained undecomposed at the end of the experiment. Compared to non-mulching, plastic mulching significantly decreased the straw-derived CO2-C emissions by 14.6%, partially owing to the increased incorporation of straw-C into SOC pool. Across the treatments, the straw-derived MBC ranged from 14.4 to 147.9 mg 13C kg-1; and plastic mulching increased straw-derived MBC and microbial C use efficiency (CUE) of straw residue by 41.2% and 35.2% compared with non-mulching, respectively. The allocation dynamics of straw-C in each soil aggregate followed a sustained upward trend with time, while a significantly higher straw-C was incorporated into both macro- (> 0.25 mm) and micro-aggregates (0.25-0.053 mm) with plastic mulching. Compared to the non-mulching, plastic mulching enhanced the inclusion of straw-13C in the chimerically more stable C fraction, especially at the late experimental period. We conclude that crop straw return combined with plastic mulching could improve SOC sequestration by enhancing microbial CUE, physical and chemical protection of straw-derived C in this dryland cropping system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Water and Soil Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Exploitation and Application of Gansu Province, Institute of Biology, Gansu Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
| | - Yin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Exploitation and Application of Gansu Province, Institute of Biology, Gansu Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Zhi-Ye Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Exploitation and Application of Gansu Province, Institute of Biology, Gansu Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Hao-Liang Deng
- College of Civil Engineering, Hexi University, Zhangye, Gansu 734000, PR China
| | - Pu-Fang Li
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, PR China
| | - Shi-Kun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, PR China
| | - You-Cai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
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12
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Craig ME, Mayes MA, Sulman BN, Walker AP. Biological mechanisms may contribute to soil carbon saturation patterns. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:2633-2644. [PMID: 33668074 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) storage is a key strategy to mitigate rising atmospheric CO2 , yet SOC pools often appear to saturate, or increase at a declining rate, as carbon (C) inputs increase. Soil C saturation is commonly hypothesized to result from the finite amount of reactive mineral surface area available for retaining SOC, and is accordingly represented in SOC models as a physicochemically determined SOC upper limit. However, mineral-associated SOC is largely microbially generated. In this perspective, we present the hypothesis that apparent SOC saturation patterns could emerge as a result of ecological constraints on microbial biomass-for example, via competition or predation-leading to reduced C flow through microbes and a reduced rate of mineral-associated SOC formation as soil C inputs increase. Microbially explicit SOC models offer an opportunity to explore this hypothesis, yet most of these models predict linear microbial biomass increases with C inputs and insensitivity of SOC to input rates. Synthesis of 54 C addition studies revealed constraints on microbial biomass as C inputs increase. Different hypotheses limiting microbial density were embedded in a three-pool SOC model without explicit limits on mineral surface area. As inputs increased, the model demonstrated either no change, linear, or apparently saturating increases in mineral-associated and particulate SOC pools. Taken together, our results suggest that microbial constraints are common and could lead to reduced mineral-associated SOC formation as input rates increase. We conclude that SOC responses to altered C inputs-or any environmental change-are influenced by the ecological factors that limit microbial populations, allowing for a wider range of potential SOC responses to stimuli. Understanding how biotic versus abiotic factors contribute to these patterns will better enable us to predict and manage soil C dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E Craig
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Melanie A Mayes
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Benjamin N Sulman
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Anthony P Walker
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
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13
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Jian S, Li J, Wang G, Kluber LA, Schadt CW, Liang J, Mayes MA. Multi-year incubation experiments boost confidence in model projections of long-term soil carbon dynamics. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5864. [PMID: 33203846 PMCID: PMC7672078 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19428-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Global soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks may decline with a warmer climate. However, model projections of changes in SOC due to climate warming depend on microbially-driven processes that are usually parameterized based on laboratory incubations. To assess how lab-scale incubation datasets inform model projections over decades, we optimized five microbially-relevant parameters in the Microbial-ENzyme Decomposition (MEND) model using 16 short-term glucose (6-day), 16 short-term cellulose (30-day) and 16 long-term cellulose (729-day) incubation datasets with soils from forests and grasslands across contrasting soil types. Our analysis identified consistently higher parameter estimates given the short-term versus long-term datasets. Implementing the short-term and long-term parameters, respectively, resulted in SOC loss (-8.2 ± 5.1% or -3.9 ± 2.8%), and minor SOC gain (1.8 ± 1.0%) in response to 5 °C warming, while only the latter is consistent with a meta-analysis of 149 field warming observations (1.6 ± 4.0%). Comparing multiple subsets of cellulose incubations (i.e., 6, 30, 90, 180, 360, 480 and 729-day) revealed comparable projections to the observed long-term SOC changes under warming only on 480- and 729-day. Integrating multi-year datasets of soil incubations (e.g., > 1.5 years) with microbial models can thus achieve more reasonable parameterization of key microbial processes and subsequently boost the accuracy and confidence of long-term SOC projections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyang Jian
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, 37209, USA
- Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Microbiology & Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Jianwei Li
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, 37209, USA.
| | - Gangsheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Laurel A Kluber
- Biosciences Division & Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Christopher W Schadt
- Biosciences Division & Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Junyi Liang
- Environmental Division & Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Melanie A Mayes
- Environmental Division & Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
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14
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Wang J, Zhang Q, Song J, Ru J, Zhou Z, Xia J, Dukes JS, Wan S. Nighttime warming enhances ecosystem carbon‐use efficiency in a temperate steppe. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- College of Life Sciences Hebei University Baoding Hebei China
| | - Qian Zhang
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology School of Life Sciences Henan University Kaifeng Henan China
| | - Jian Song
- College of Life Sciences Hebei University Baoding Hebei China
| | - Jingyi Ru
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology School of Life Sciences Henan University Kaifeng Henan China
| | - Zhenxing Zhou
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology School of Life Sciences Henan University Kaifeng Henan China
| | - Jianyang Xia
- Research Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting and Tiantong National Field Observation Station for Forest Ecosystem School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai China
| | - Jeffrey S. Dukes
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources Purdue Climate Change Research CenterPurdue University West Lafayette IN USA
- Department of Biological Sciences Purdue Climate Change Research CenterPurdue University West Lafayette IN USA
| | - Shiqiang Wan
- College of Life Sciences Hebei University Baoding Hebei China
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15
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Ma L. Effects of spatial-temporal land cover distribution on gross primary production and net primary production in Schleswig-Holstein, northern Germany. CARBON BALANCE AND MANAGEMENT 2020; 15:3. [PMID: 32193700 PMCID: PMC7227218 DOI: 10.1186/s13021-020-00138-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Annual total Gross Primary Production (GPP) and Net Primary Production (NPP) and the annual total stored GPP and NPP are tightly coupled to land cover distributions because the distinct vegetation conditions of different land cover classes strongly affect GPP and NPP. Spatial and statistical analysis tools using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) were used to investigate the spatial distribution of each land cover class and the GPP and NPP based on the CORINE land cover classification in the federal state, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany for the years 2000, 2006 and 2012. RESULTS "Non-irrigated arable land" and "pastures" were the dominant land cover classes. Because of their large area, "non-irrigated arable land" and "pastures" had higher annual total stored GPP and NPP values than the other land cover classes. Annual total GPP and NPP hotspots were concentrated in the central-western part of Schleswig-Holstein. Cold spots were mainly located in the western and eastern Schleswig-Holstein. The distributions of the annual total GPP and NPP hotspots and cold spots were primarily determined by land cover and land cover changes among the investigated years. The average annual total NPP/GPP ratios were 0.5647, 0.5350 and 0.5573 in the years 2000, 2006 and 2012, respectively. The calculated respiration in 2006 was the highest, followed by those in 2012 and 2000. CONCLUSIONS The land cover classes with high-ability of carbon stocks in 2000, 2006 and 2012 in Schleswig-Holstein were identified in this study. Furthermore, it is recommendable to enhance the annual total GPP and NPP and the annual total stored GPP and NPP in Schleswig-Holstein by replacing the land cover classes showing low carbon stock capabilities with the classes showing high abilities for the purpose of increasing greenhouse gas fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Ma
- Department of Ecosystem Management, Institute for Natural Resource Conservation, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Zu Kiel, Olshausenstr.75, 24118, Kiel, Germany.
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China.
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16
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Ye JS, Bradford MA, Dacal M, Maestre FT, García-Palacios P. Increasing microbial carbon use efficiency with warming predicts soil heterotrophic respiration globally. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2019; 25:3354-3364. [PMID: 31216082 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The degree to which climate warming will stimulate soil organic carbon (SOC) losses via heterotrophic respiration remains uncertain, in part because different or even opposite microbial physiology and temperature relationships have been proposed in SOC models. We incorporated competing microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE)-mean annual temperature (MAT) and enzyme kinetic-MAT relationships into SOC models, and compared the simulated mass-specific soil heterotrophic respiration rates with multiple published datasets of measured respiration. The measured data included 110 dryland soils globally distributed and two continental to global-scale cross-biome datasets. Model-data comparisons suggested that a positive CUE-MAT relationship best predicts the measured mass-specific soil heterotrophic respiration rates in soils distributed globally. These results are robust when considering models of increasing complexity and competing mechanisms driving soil heterotrophic respiration-MAT relationships (e.g., carbon substrate availability). Our findings suggest that a warmer climate selects for microbial communities with higher CUE, as opposed to the often hypothesized reductions in CUE by warming based on soil laboratory assays. Our results help to build the impetus for, and confidence in, including microbial mechanisms in soil biogeochemical models used to forecast changes in global soil carbon stocks in response to warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Sheng Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mark A Bradford
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marina Dacal
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Fernando T Maestre
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
- Departamento de Ecología and Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio "Ramon Margalef", Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Pablo García-Palacios
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
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17
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The efficiency paradox: How wasteful competitors forge thrifty ecosystems. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:17619-17623. [PMID: 31420512 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1901785116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic waste, an inevitable byproduct of metabolism, increases in amount as metabolic rates (per capita power) of animals and plants rise. Most of it is recycled within aerobic ecosystems, but some is lost to the system and is sequestered in the crust for millions of years. Here, I identify and resolve a previously overlooked paradox concerning the long-term loss of organic matter. In this efficiency paradox, high-powered species are inefficient in that they release copious waste, but the ecosystems they inhabit lose almost no organic matter. Systems occupied by more efficient low-powered species suffer greater losses because of less efficient recycling. Over Phanerozoic time, ecosystems have become more productive and increasingly efficient at retaining and redistributing organic matter even as opportunistic and highly competitive producers and consumers gained power and became less efficient. These patterns and trends are driven by natural selection at the level of individuals and coherent groups, which favors winners that are more powerful, active, and wasteful. The activities of these competitors collectively create conditions that are increasingly conducive to more efficient recycling and retention of organic matter in the ecosystem.
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18
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Kuske CR, Sinsabaugh RL, Gallegos‐Graves LV, Albright MBN, Mueller R, Dunbar J. Simple measurements in a complex system: soil community responses to nitrogen amendment in a Pinus taedaforest. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl R. Kuske
- Bioscience Division Los Alamos National Laboratory M888 Los Alamos New Mexico USA
| | | | | | | | - Rebecca Mueller
- Bioscience Division Los Alamos National Laboratory M888 Los Alamos New Mexico USA
| | - John Dunbar
- Bioscience Division Los Alamos National Laboratory M888 Los Alamos New Mexico USA
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19
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Li J, Wang G, Mayes MA, Allison SD, Frey SD, Shi Z, Hu XM, Luo Y, Melillo JM. Reduced carbon use efficiency and increased microbial turnover with soil warming. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2019; 25:900-910. [PMID: 30417564 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Global soil carbon (C) stocks are expected to decline with warming, and changes in microbial processes are key to this projection. However, warming responses of critical microbial parameters such as carbon use efficiency (CUE) and biomass turnover (rB) are not well understood. Here, we determine these parameters using a probabilistic inversion approach that integrates a microbial-enzyme model with 22 years of carbon cycling measurements at Harvard Forest. We find that increasing temperature reduces CUE but increases rB, and that two decades of soil warming increases the temperature sensitivities of CUE and rB. These temperature sensitivities, which are derived from decades-long field observations, contrast with values obtained from short-term laboratory experiments. We also show that long-term soil C flux and pool changes in response to warming are more dependent on the temperature sensitivity of CUE than that of rB. Using the inversion-derived parameters, we project that chronic soil warming at Harvard Forest over six decades will result in soil C gain of <1.0% on average (1st and 3rd quartiles: 3.0% loss and 10.5% gain) in the surface mineral horizon. Our results demonstrate that estimates of temperature sensitivity of microbial CUE and rB can be obtained and evaluated rigorously by integrating multidecadal datasets. This approach can potentially be applied in broader spatiotemporal scales to improve long-term projections of soil C feedbacks to climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Li
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Gangsheng Wang
- Environmental Sciences Division, Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma
| | - Melanie A Mayes
- Environmental Sciences Division, Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
| | - Steven D Allison
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, California
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Serita D Frey
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire
| | - Zheng Shi
- Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms, School of Meteorology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma
| | - Xiao-Ming Hu
- Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms, School of Meteorology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma
| | - Yiqi Luo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona
| | - Jerry M Melillo
- The Ecosystem Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts
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20
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Zheng Q, Hu Y, Zhang S, Noll L, Böckle T, Richter A, Wanek W. Growth explains microbial carbon use efficiency across soils differing in land use and geology. SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY 2019; 128:45-55. [PMID: 31579288 PMCID: PMC6774786 DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The ratio of carbon (C) that is invested into microbial growth to organic C taken up is known as microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE), which is influenced by environmental factors such as soil temperature and soil moisture. How microbes will physiologically react to short-term environmental changes is not well understood, primarily due to methodological restrictions. Here we report on two independent laboratory experiments to explore short-term temperature and soil moisture effects on soil microbial physiology (i.e. respiration, growth, CUE, and microbial biomass turnover): (i) a temperature experiment with 1-day pre-incubation at 5, 15 and 25 °C at 60% water holding capacity (WHC), and (ii) a soil moisture/oxygen (O2) experiment with 7-day pre-incubation at 20 °C at 30%, 60% WHC (both at 21% O2) and 90% WHC at 1% O2. Experiments were conducted with soils from arable, pasture and forest sites derived from both silicate and limestone bedrocks. We found that microbial CUE responded heterogeneously though overall positively to short-term temperature changes, and decreased significantly under high moisture level (90% WHC)/suboxic conditions due to strong decreases in microbial growth. Microbial biomass turnover time decreased dramatically with increasing temperature, and increased significantly at high moisture level (90% WHC)/suboxic conditions. Our findings reveal that the responses of microbial CUE and microbial biomass turnover to short-term temperature and moisture/O2 changes depended mainly on microbial growth responses and less on respiration responses to the environmental cues, which were consistent across soils differing in land use and geology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zheng
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Research Network “Chemistry Meets Microbiology”, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Yuntao Hu
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Research Network “Chemistry Meets Microbiology”, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Shasha Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Research Network “Chemistry Meets Microbiology”, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa Noll
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Research Network “Chemistry Meets Microbiology”, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Theresa Böckle
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Research Network “Chemistry Meets Microbiology”, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Richter
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Research Network “Chemistry Meets Microbiology”, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Wanek
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Research Network “Chemistry Meets Microbiology”, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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21
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Järveoja J, Nilsson MB, Gažovič M, Crill PM, Peichl M. Partitioning of the net CO 2 exchange using an automated chamber system reveals plant phenology as key control of production and respiration fluxes in a boreal peatland. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:3436-3451. [PMID: 29710420 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) drives the carbon (C) sink-source strength of northern peatlands. Since NEE represents a balance between various production and respiration fluxes, accurate predictions of its response to global changes require an in depth understanding of these underlying processes. Currently, however, detailed information of the temporal dynamics as well as the separate biotic and abiotic controls of the NEE component fluxes is lacking in peatland ecosystems. In this study, we address this knowledge gap by using an automated chamber system established across natural and trenching/vegetation removal plots to partition NEE into its production (i.e., gross and net primary production; GPP and NPP) and respiration (i.e., ecosystem, heterotrophic and autotrophic respiration; ER, Rh and Ra) fluxes in a boreal peatland in northern Sweden. Our results showed that daily NEE patterns were driven by GPP while variations in ER were governed by Ra rather than Rh. Moreover, we observed pronounced seasonal shifts in the Ra/Rh and above/belowground NPP ratios throughout the main phenological phases. Generalized linear model analysis revealed that the greenness index derived from digital images (as a proxy for plant phenology) was the strongest control of NEE, GPP and NPP while explaining considerable fractions also in the variations of ER and Ra. In addition, our data exposed greater temperature sensitivity of NPP compared to Rh resulting in enhanced C sequestration with increasing temperature. Overall, our study suggests that the temporal patterns in NEE and its component fluxes are tightly coupled to vegetation dynamics in boreal peatlands and thus challenges previous studies that commonly identify abiotic factors as key drivers. These findings further emphasize the need for integrating detailed information on plant phenology into process-based models to improve predictions of global change impacts on the peatland C cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Järvi Järveoja
- Department of Forest Ecology & Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mats B Nilsson
- Department of Forest Ecology & Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Michal Gažovič
- Department of Forest Ecology & Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Patrick M Crill
- Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Bolin Center for Climate Research, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matthias Peichl
- Department of Forest Ecology & Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
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Xu X, Schimel JP, Janssens IA, Song X, Song C, Yu G, Sinsabaugh RL, Tang D, Zhang X, Thornton PE. Global pattern and controls of soil microbial metabolic quotient. ECOL MONOGR 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Xu
- Biology Department San Diego State University San Diego California 92182 USA
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun China
| | - Joshua P. Schimel
- Department of Ecology, Evolutionary, and Marine Biology University of California at Santa Barbara Santa Barbara California 93106 USA
| | - Ivan A. Janssens
- Department of Biology University of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 1 B‐2610 Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Xia Song
- Biology Department San Diego State University San Diego California 92182 USA
| | - Changchun Song
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun China
| | - Guirui Yu
- Institute of Geology and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | | | - Diandong Tang
- Department of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing China
| | - Xiaochun Zhang
- Biology Department San Diego State University San Diego California 92182 USA
| | - Peter. E. Thornton
- Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental Sciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831 USA
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