1
|
Li X, Wang R, Wang Y, Li X, Shi Q, Yu Y. PpGATA21 Enhances the Expression of PpGA2ox7 to Regulate the Mechanism of Cerasus humilis Rootstock-Mediated Dwarf in Peach Trees. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7402. [PMID: 39000509 PMCID: PMC11242874 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Dwarfing rootstocks enhance planting density, lower tree height, and reduce both labor in peach production. Cerasus humilis is distinguished by its dwarf stature, rapid growth, and robust fruiting capabilities, presenting substantial potential for further development. In this study, Ruipan 4 was used as the scion and grafted onto Amygdalus persica and Cerasus humilis, respectively. The results indicate that compared to grafting combination R/M (Ruipan 4/Amygdalus persica), grafting combination R/O (Ruipan 4/Cerasus humilis) plants show a significant reduction in height and a significant increase in flower buds. RNA-seq indicates that genes related to gibberellin (GA) and auxin metabolism are involved in the dwarfing process of scions mediated by C. humilis. The expression levels of the GA metabolism-related gene PpGA2ox7 significantly increased in R/O and are strongly correlated with plant height, branch length, and internode length. Furthermore, GA levels were significantly reduced in R/O. The transcription factor PpGATA21 was identified through yeast one-hybrid screening of the PpGA2ox7 promoter. Yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) and dual-luciferase reporter (DLR) demonstrate that PpGATA21 can bind to the promoter of PpGA2ox7 and activate its expression. Overall, PpGATA21 activates the expression of the GA-related gene PpGA2ox7, resulting in reduced GA levels and consequent dwarfing of plants mediated by C. humilis. This study provides new insights into the mechanisms of C. humilis and offers a scientific foundation for the dwarfing and high-density cultivation of peach trees.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuzhen Li
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (X.L.); (R.W.); (Y.W.); (X.L.); (Q.S.)
| | - Ruxin Wang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (X.L.); (R.W.); (Y.W.); (X.L.); (Q.S.)
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center on Characteristic Berry Germplasm Innovation & Utilization, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Yuman Wang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (X.L.); (R.W.); (Y.W.); (X.L.); (Q.S.)
| | - Xueqiang Li
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (X.L.); (R.W.); (Y.W.); (X.L.); (Q.S.)
| | - Qiaofang Shi
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (X.L.); (R.W.); (Y.W.); (X.L.); (Q.S.)
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center on Characteristic Berry Germplasm Innovation & Utilization, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Yihe Yu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (X.L.); (R.W.); (Y.W.); (X.L.); (Q.S.)
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center on Characteristic Berry Germplasm Innovation & Utilization, Luoyang 471023, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang Y, Li J, Guo K, Wang T, Gao L, Sun Z, Ma C, Wang C, Tian Y, Zheng X. Strigolactones alleviate AlCl 3 stress by vacuolar compartmentalization and cell wall blocking in apple. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 119:197-217. [PMID: 38565306 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Poor management and excess fertilization of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) orchards are causing increasingly serious soil acidification, resulting in Al toxicity and direct poisoning of roots. Strigolactones (SLs) are reported to be involved in plant responses to abiotic stress, but their role and mechanism under AlCl3 stress remain unknown. Here, we found that applying 1 μm GR24 (an SL analoge) significantly alleviated AlCl3 stress of M26 apple rootstock, mainly by blocking the movement of Al through cell wall and by vacuolar compartmentalization of Al. RNA-seq analysis identified the core transcription factor gene MdWRKY53, and overexpressing MdWRKY53 enhanced AlCl3 tolerance in transgenic apple plants through the same mechanism as GR24. Subsequently, we identified MdPMEI45 (encoding pectin methylesterase inhibitor) and MdALS3 (encoding an Al transporter) as downstream target genes of MdWRKY53 using chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq). GR24 enhanced the interaction between MdWRKY53 and the transcription factor MdTCP15, further increasing the binding of MdWRKY53 to the MdPMEI45 promoter and inducing MdPMEI45 expression to prevent Al from crossing cell wall. MdWRKY53 also bound to the promoter of MdALS3 and enhanced its transcription to compartmentalize Al in vacuoles under AlCl3 stress. We therefore identified two modules involved in alleviating AlCl3 stress in woody plant apple: the SL-WRKY+TCP-PMEI module required for excluding external Al by blocking the entry of Al3+ into cells and the SL-WRKY-ALS module allowing internal detoxification of Al through vacuolar compartmentalization. These findings lay a foundation for the practical application of SLs in agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Jianyu Li
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Kexin Guo
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Tianchao Wang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Lijie Gao
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Zhijuan Sun
- College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Changqing Ma
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Caihong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yike Tian
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266109, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang G, Sun M, Brewer L, Tang Z, Nieuwenhuizen N, Cooney J, Xu S, Sheng J, Andre C, Xue C, Rebstock R, Yang B, Chang W, Liu Y, Li J, Wang R, Qin M, Brendolise C, Allan AC, Espley RV, Lin‐Wang K, Wu J. Allelic variation of BBX24 is a dominant determinant controlling red coloration and dwarfism in pear. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:1468-1490. [PMID: 38169146 PMCID: PMC11123420 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Variation in anthocyanin biosynthesis in pear fruit provides genetic germplasm resources for breeding, while dwarfing is an important agronomic trait, which is beneficial to reduce the management costs and allow for the implementation of high-density cultivation. Here, we combined bulked segregant analysis (BSA), quantitative trait loci (QTL), and structural variation (SV) analysis to identify a 14-bp deletion which caused a frame shift mutation and resulted in the premature translation termination of a B-box (BBX) family of zinc transcription factor, PyBBX24, and its allelic variation termed PyBBX24ΔN14. PyBBX24ΔN14 overexpression promotes anthocyanin biosynthesis in pear, strawberry, Arabidopsis, tobacco, and tomato, while that of PyBBX24 did not. PyBBX24ΔN14 directly activates the transcription of PyUFGT and PyMYB10 through interaction with PyHY5. Moreover, stable overexpression of PyBBX24ΔN14 exhibits a dwarfing phenotype in Arabidopsis, tobacco, and tomato plants. PyBBX24ΔN14 can activate the expression of PyGA2ox8 via directly binding to its promoter, thereby deactivating bioactive GAs and reducing the plant height. However, the nuclear localization signal (NLS) and Valine-Proline (VP) motifs in the C-terminus of PyBBX24 reverse these effects. Interestingly, mutations leading to premature termination of PyBBX24 were also identified in red sports of un-related European pear varieties. We conclude that mutations in PyBBX24 gene link both an increase in pigmentation and a decrease in plant height.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangyan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding LaboratoryNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Manyi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding LaboratoryNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Lester Brewer
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research LimitedAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Zikai Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Niels Nieuwenhuizen
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research LimitedAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Janine Cooney
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research LimitedAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Shaozhuo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jiawen Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Christelle Andre
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research LimitedAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Cheng Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and EngineeringShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anChina
| | - Ria Rebstock
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research LimitedAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Bo Yang
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research LimitedAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Wenjing Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yueyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jiaming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding LaboratoryNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Runze Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Mengfan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Cyril Brendolise
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research LimitedAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Andrew C. Allan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research LimitedAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Richard V. Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research LimitedAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Kui Lin‐Wang
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research LimitedAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Jun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding LaboratoryNanjingJiangsuChina
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xing N, Li X, Wu S, Wang Z. Transcriptome and Metabolome Reveal Key Genes from the Plant Hormone Signal Transduction Pathway Regulating Plant Height and Leaf Size in Capsicum baccatum. Cells 2024; 13:827. [PMID: 38786049 PMCID: PMC11119896 DOI: 10.3390/cells13100827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant structure-related agronomic traits like plant height and leaf size are critical for growth, development, and crop yield. Defining the types of genes involved in regulating plant structure size is essential for the molecular-assisted breeding of peppers. This research conducted comparative transcriptome analyses using Capsicum baccatum germplasm HNUCB0112 and HNUCB0222 and their F2 generation as materials. A total of 6574 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected, which contain 379 differentially expressed transcription factors, mainly including transcription factor families such as TCP, WRKY, AUX/IAA, and MYB. Seven classes of DEGs were annotated in the plant hormone signal transduction pathway, including indole acetic acid (IAA), gibberellin (GA), cytokinin (CK), abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA), ethylene (ET), and salicylic acid (SA). The 26 modules were obtained by WGCNA analysis, and the MEpink module was positively correlated with plant height and leaf size, and hub genes associated with plant height and leaf size were anticipated. Differential genes were verified by qRT-PCR, which was consistent with the RNA-Seq results, demonstrating the accuracy of the sequencing results. These results enhance our understanding of the developmental regulatory networks governing pepper key traits like plant height and leaf size and offer new information for future research on the pepper plant architecture system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Xing
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Center of Nanfan and High-Efficiency Tropical Agriculture, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; (N.X.); (X.L.); (S.W.)
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xiaoqi Li
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Center of Nanfan and High-Efficiency Tropical Agriculture, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; (N.X.); (X.L.); (S.W.)
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Shuhua Wu
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Center of Nanfan and High-Efficiency Tropical Agriculture, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; (N.X.); (X.L.); (S.W.)
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Center of Nanfan and High-Efficiency Tropical Agriculture, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; (N.X.); (X.L.); (S.W.)
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cong L, Shi YK, Gao XY, Zhao XF, Zhang HQ, Zhou FL, Zhang HJ, Ma BQ, Zhai R, Yang CQ, Wang ZG, Ma FW, Xu LF. Transcription factor PbNAC71 regulates xylem and vessel development to control plant height. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:395-409. [PMID: 38198215 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Dwarfism is an important agronomic trait in fruit breeding programs. However, the germplasm resources required to generate dwarf pear (Pyrus spp.) varieties are limited. Moreover, the mechanisms underlying dwarfism remain unclear. In this study, "Yunnan" quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) had a dwarfing effect on "Zaosu" pear. Additionally, the dwarfism-related NAC transcription factor gene PbNAC71 was isolated from pear trees comprising "Zaosu" (scion) grafted onto "Yunnan" quince (rootstock). Transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana and pear OHF-333 (Pyrus communis) plants overexpressing PbNAC71 exhibited dwarfism, with a substantially smaller xylem and vessel area relative to the wild-type controls. Yeast one-hybrid, dual-luciferase, chromatin immunoprecipitation-qPCR, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicated that PbNAC71 downregulates PbWalls are thin 1 expression by binding to NAC-binding elements in its promoter. Yeast two-hybrid assays showed that PbNAC71 interacts with the E3 ubiquitin ligase PbRING finger protein 217 (PbRNF217). Furthermore, PbRNF217 promotes the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of PbNAC71 by the 26S proteasome, thereby regulating plant height as well as xylem and vessel development. Our findings reveal a mechanism underlying pear dwarfism and expand our understanding of the molecular basis of dwarfism in woody plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liu Cong
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Yi-Ke Shi
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Xin-Yi Gao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Hai-Qi Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Feng-Li Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Hong-Juan Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Bai-Quan Ma
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Rui Zhai
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Cheng-Quan Yang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Feng-Wang Ma
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Ling-Fei Xu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lv J, Feng Y, Zhai L, Jiang L, Wu Y, Huang Y, Yu R, Wu T, Zhang X, Wang Y, Han Z. MdARF3 switches the lateral root elongation to regulate dwarfing in apple plants. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae051. [PMID: 38706578 PMCID: PMC11069427 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Apple rootstock dwarfing and dense planting are common practices in apple farming. However, the dwarfing mechanisms are not understood. In our study, the expression of MdARF3 in the root system of dwarfing rootstock 'M9' was lower than in the vigorous rootstock from Malus micromalus due to the deletion of the WUSATAg element in the promoter of the 'M9' genotype. Notably, this deletion variation was significantly associated with dwarfing rootstocks. Subsequently, transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cv. Xanthi was generated with the ARF3 promoter from 'M9' and M. micromalus genotypes. The transgenic apple with 35S::MdARF3 was also obtained. The transgenic tobacco and apple with the highly expressed ARF3 had a longer root system and a higher plant height phenotype. Furthermore, the yeast one-hybrid, luciferase, electrophoretic mobility shift assays, and Chip-qPCR identified MdWOX4-1 in apples that interacted with the pMm-ARF3 promoter but not the pM9-ARF3 promoter. Notably, MdWOX4-1 significantly increased the transcriptional activity of MdARF3 and MdLBD16-2. However, MdARF3 significantly decreased the transcriptional activity of MdLBD16-2. Further analysis revealed that MdARF3 and MdLBD16-2 were temporally expressed during different stages of lateral root development. pMdLBD16-2 was mainly expressed during the early stage of lateral root development, which promoted lateral root production. On the contrary, pMmARF3 was expressed during the late stage of lateral root development to promote elongation. The findings in our study will shed light on the genetic causes of apple plant dwarfism and provide strategies for molecular breeding of dwarfing apple rootstocks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Lv
- Institute for Horticultural Plants, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yi Feng
- Institute for Horticultural Plants, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Longmei Zhai
- Institute for Horticultural Plants, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lizhong Jiang
- Institute for Horticultural Plants, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Institute for Horticultural Plants, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yimei Huang
- Institute for Horticultural Plants, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Runqi Yu
- Institute for Horticultural Plants, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Institute for Horticultural Plants, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xinzhong Zhang
- Institute for Horticultural Plants, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Institute for Horticultural Plants, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhenhai Han
- Institute for Horticultural Plants, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pei T, Niu D, Ma Y, Zhan M, Deng J, Li P, Ma F, Liu C. MdWRKY71 promotes the susceptibility of apple to Glomerella leaf spot by controlling salicylic acid degradation. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2024; 25:e13457. [PMID: 38619873 PMCID: PMC11018250 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Glomerella leaf spot (GLS), a fungal disease caused by Colletotrichum fructicola, severely affects apple (Malus domestica) quality and yield. In this study, we found that the transcription factor MdWRKY71 was significantly induced by C. fructicola infection in the GLS-susceptible apple cultivar Royal Gala. The overexpression of MdWRKY71 in apple leaves resulted in increased susceptibility to C. fructicola, whereas RNA interference of MdWRKY71 in leaves showed the opposite phenotypes. These findings suggest that MdWRKY71 functions as a susceptibility factor for the apple-C. fructicola interaction. Furthermore, MdWRKY71 directly bound to the promoter of the salicylic acid (SA) degradation gene Downy Mildew Resistant 6 (DMR6)-Like Oxygenase 1 (DLO1) and promoted its expression, resulting in a reduced SA level. The sensitivity of 35S:MdWRKY71 leaves to C. fructicola can be effectively alleviated by knocking down MdDLO1 expression, confirming the critical role of MdWRKY71-mediated SA degradation via regulating MdDLO1 expression in GLS susceptibility. In summary, we identified a GLS susceptibility factor, MdWRKY71, that targets the apple SA degradation pathway to promote fungal infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High‐Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Dongshan Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High‐Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Yongxin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High‐Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Minghui Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High‐Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Jie Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High‐Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Pengmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High‐Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High‐Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Changhai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High‐Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bai Y, Shi K, Shan D, Wang C, Yan T, Hu Z, Zheng X, Zhang T, Song H, Li R, Zhao Y, Deng Q, Dai C, Zhou Z, Guo Y, Kong J. The WRKY17-WRKY50 complex modulates anthocyanin biosynthesis to improve drought tolerance in apple. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 340:111965. [PMID: 38142750 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is increasing worldwide due to global warming, which severely reduces apple (Malus domestica) yield. Clarifying the basis of drought tolerance in apple could accelerate the molecular breeding of drought-tolerant cultivars to maintain apple production. We identified a transcription factor MdWRKY50 by yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assays as an interactor of the drought-tolerant protein MdWRKY17, and confirmed their interaction by bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) and pull-down assays. MdWRKY50 was induced by drought and when overexpressed in apple, conferred transgenic apple plants enhanced drought tolerance by directly binding to the promoter of anthocyanin synthetic gene Chalcone synthase (MdCHS) to upregulate its expression for higher anthocyanin. Increased anthocyanin relieves apple plants from oxidative damage under drought stress. MdWRKY50 RNA-interference transgenic apple plants showed opposite phenotypes. The dimerization of MdWRKY50 with mutated MdWRKY17DP mimicking drought-induced phosphorylation by the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 (MEK2)-MPK6 cascade, compared with MdWRKY17AP and MdWRKY17, further promoted anthocyanin biosynthesis, suggesting dimerization with MdWRKY17 makes MdWRKY50 more powerful in promoting anthocyanin biosynthesis under drought stress. Taken together, we isolated an entire MEK2-MAPK6-MdWRKY17-MdWRKY50-MdCHS pathway for drought tolerance and generated transgenic apple germplasm with enhanced drought tolerance and higher anthocyanin levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yixue Bai
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kun Shi
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dongqian Shan
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chanyu Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tianci Yan
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zehui Hu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Handong Song
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ruoxue Li
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yixuan Zhao
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qian Deng
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Changjian Dai
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zhou
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yan Guo
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jin Kong
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhao H, Wan S, Huang Y, Li X, Jiao T, Zhang Z, Ma B, Zhu L, Ma F, Li M. The transcription factor MdBPC2 alters apple growth and promotes dwarfing by regulating auxin biosynthesis. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:585-604. [PMID: 38019898 PMCID: PMC10896295 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Auxin plays important roles throughout plant growth and development. However, the mechanisms of auxin regulation of plant structure are poorly understood. In this study, we identified a transcription factor (TF) of the BARLEY B RECOMBINANT/BASIC PENTACYSTEINE (BBR/BPC) family in apple (Malus × domestica), MdBPC2. It was highly expressed in dwarfing rootstocks, and it negatively regulated auxin biosynthesis. Overexpression of MdBPC2 in apple decreased plant height, altered leaf morphology, and inhibited root system development. These phenotypes were due to reduced auxin levels and were restored reversed after exogenous indole acetic acid (IAA) treatment. Silencing of MdBPC2 alone had no obvious phenotypic effect, while silencing both Class I and Class II BPCs in apple significantly increased auxin content in plants. Biochemical analysis demonstrated that MdBPC2 directly bound to the GAGA-rich element in the promoters of the auxin synthesis genes MdYUC2a and MdYUC6b, inhibiting their transcription and reducing auxin accumulation in MdBPC2 overexpression lines. Further studies established that MdBPC2 interacted with the polycomb group (PcG) protein LIKE HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN 1 (LHP1) to inhibit MdYUC2a and MdYUC6b expression via methylation of histone 3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3). Silencing MdLHP1 reversed the negative effect of MdBPC2 on auxin accumulation. Our results reveal a dwarfing mechanism in perennial woody plants involving control of auxin biosynthesis by a BPC transcription factor, suggesting its use for genetic improvement of apple rootstock.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuyuan Wan
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanni Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Tiantian Jiao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Baiquan Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Lingcheng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Mingjun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fang X, Wu H, Huang W, Ma Z, Jia Y, Min Y, Ma Q, Cai R. The WRKY transcription factor ZmWRKY92 binds to GA synthesis-related genes to regulate maize plant height. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108422. [PMID: 38335889 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The plant height is a crucial agronomic trait in contemporary maize breeding. Appropriate plant height can improve crop lodging resistance, increase the planting density and harvest index of crops, and thus contribute to stable and increased yields. In this study, molecular characterization showed that ZmWRKY92 is a nuclear protein and has transcriptional activation in yeast. ZmWRKY92 can specifically bind to the W-box (TTGACC), which was confirmed by double LUC experiments and Yeast one-hybrid assays. Subsequently we screened wrky92 mutants from a library of ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-induced mutants. The mutation of a base in ZmWRKY92 leading to the formation of a truncated protein variant is responsible for the dwarfing phenotype of the mutant, which was further verified by allelic testing. Detailed phenotypic analysis revealed that wrky92 mutants have shorter internodes due to reduced internode cell size and lower levels of GA3 and IAA. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the ZmWRKY92 mutation caused significant changes in the expression of genes related to plant height in maize. Additionally, ZmWRKY92 was found to interact with the promoters of ZmGA20ox7 and ZmGID1L2, which are associated with GA synthesis. This study shows that ZmWRKY92 significantly affects the plants height in maize and is crucial in identifying new varieties suitable for growing in high-density conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Fang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Hao Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Wanchang Huang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Zhongxian Ma
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yue Jia
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yongwei Min
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Qing Ma
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China; Engineering Research Center for Maize of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
| | - Ronghao Cai
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China; Engineering Research Center for Maize of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sun Z, Li J, Guo D, Wang T, Tian Y, Ma C, Liu X, Wang C, Zheng X. Melatonin enhances KCl salinity tolerance by maintaining K + homeostasis in Malus hupehensis. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:2273-2290. [PMID: 37465981 PMCID: PMC10579713 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Large amounts of potash fertilizer are often applied to apple (Malus domestica) orchards to enhance fruit quality and yields, but this treatment aggravates KCl-based salinity stress. Melatonin (MT) is involved in a variety of abiotic stress responses in plants. However, its role in KCl stress tolerance is still unknown. In the present study, we determined that an appropriate concentration (100 μm) of MT significantly alleviated KCl stress in Malus hupehensis by enhancing K+ efflux out of cells and compartmentalizing K+ in vacuoles. Transcriptome deep-sequencing analysis identified the core transcription factor gene MdWRKY53, whose expression responded to both KCl and MT treatment. Overexpressing MdWRKY53 enhanced KCl tolerance in transgenic apple plants by increasing K+ efflux and K+ compartmentalization. Subsequently, we characterized the transporter genes MdGORK1 and MdNHX2 as downstream targets of MdWRKY53 by ChIP-seq. MdGORK1 localized to the plasma membrane and enhanced K+ efflux to increase KCl tolerance in transgenic apple plants. Moreover, overexpressing MdNHX2 enhanced the KCl tolerance of transgenic apple plants/callus by compartmentalizing K+ into the vacuole. RT-qPCR and LUC activity analyses indicated that MdWRKY53 binds to the promoters of MdGORK1 and MdNHX2 and induces their transcription. Taken together, our findings reveal that the MT-WRKY53-GORK1/NHX2-K+ module regulates K+ homeostasis to enhance KCl stress tolerance in apple. These findings shed light on the molecular mechanism of apple response to KCl-based salinity stress and lay the foundation for the practical application of MT in salt stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhijuan Sun
- College of HorticultureQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdaoChina
- College of Life ScienceQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Jianyu Li
- College of HorticultureQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdaoChina
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong ProvinceQingdaoChina
| | - Dianming Guo
- College of HorticultureQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdaoChina
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong ProvinceQingdaoChina
| | - Tianchao Wang
- College of HorticultureQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdaoChina
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong ProvinceQingdaoChina
| | - Yike Tian
- College of HorticultureQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdaoChina
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong ProvinceQingdaoChina
| | - Changqing Ma
- College of HorticultureQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdaoChina
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong ProvinceQingdaoChina
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- College of HorticultureQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdaoChina
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong ProvinceQingdaoChina
| | - Caihong Wang
- College of HorticultureQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdaoChina
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong ProvinceQingdaoChina
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- College of HorticultureQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdaoChina
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong ProvinceQingdaoChina
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Shi J, Zhang F, Wang Y, Zhang S, Wang F, Ma Y. The cytochrome P450 gene, MdCYP716B1, is involved in regulating plant growth and anthracnose resistance in apple. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 335:111832. [PMID: 37586420 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Apple is one of the main cultivated fruit trees worldwide. Both biotic and abiotic stresses, especially fungal diseases, have serious effects on the growth and fruit quality of apples. Cytochrome P450, the largest protein family in plants, is critical for plant growth and stress responses. However, the function of apple P450 remains poorly understood. In our previous study, 'Hanfu' autotetraploid showed dwarfism and fungal resistance phenotypes compared to 'Hanfu' diploid. Digital gene expression sequencing analysis revealed that the transcript level of MdCYP716B1 was significantly downregulated in the autotetraploid apple cultivar 'Hanfu'. In this study, we identified and cloned the MdCYP716B1 gene from 'Hanfu' apples. The MdCYP716B1 protein fused to a green fluorescent protein was localized in the cytoplasm. We constructed the plant overexpression vector and RNAi vector of MdCYP716B1, and the apple 'GL-3' was transformed by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation to obtain transgenic plants. Overexpressing and RNAi silencing transgenic plants exhibited an increase and decrease in plant height to 'GL-3', respectively. RNAi silencing transgenic plants displayed increased resistance to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, whereas overexpression transgenic plants were more sensitive to C. gloeosporioides. According to transcriptome analysis, the transcript levels of gibberellin biosynthesis genes were upregulated in MdCYP716B1-overexpression plants. In contrast with 'GL-3', GA3 accumulation was rose in MdCYP716B1-OE lines and impaired in MdCYP716B1-RNAi lines. Collectively, our data indicate that MdCYP716B1 regulates plant growth and resistance to fungal stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Shi
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, PR China
| | - Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Yangshu Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, PR China
| | - Shuyuan Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, PR China
| | - Feng Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, PR China.
| | - Yue Ma
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang C, Bian C, Li J, Han L, Guo D, Wang T, Sun Z, Ma C, Liu X, Tian Y, Zheng X. Melatonin promotes Al3+ compartmentalization via H+ transport and ion gradients in Malus hupehensis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:821-839. [PMID: 37311207 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Soil acidification in apple (Malus domestica) orchards results in the release of rhizotoxic aluminum ions (Al3+) into soil. Melatonin (MT) participates in plant responses to abiotic stress; however, its role in AlCl3 stress in apple remains unknown. In this study, root application of MT (1 μM) substantially alleviated AlCl3 stress (300 μM) in Pingyi Tiancha (Malus hupehensis), which was reflected by higher fresh and dry weight, increased photosynthetic capacity, and longer and more roots compared with plants that did not receive MT treatment. MT functioned mainly by regulating vacuolar H+/Al3+ exchange and maintaining H+ homeostasis in the cytoplasm under AlCl3 stress. Transcriptome deep sequencing analysis identified the transcription factor gene SENSITIVE TO PROTON RHIZOTOXICITY 1 (MdSTOP1) was induced by both AlCl3 and MT treatments. Overexpressing MdSTOP1 in apple increased AlCl3 tolerance by enhancing vacuolar H+/Al3+ exchange and H+ efflux to the apoplast. We identified 2 transporter genes, ALUMINUM SENSITIVE 3 (MdALS3) and SODIUM HYDROGEN EXCHANGER 2 (MdNHX2), as downstream targets of MdSTOP1. MdSTOP1 interacted with the transcription factor NAM ATAF and CUC 2 (MdNAC2) to induce MdALS3 expression, which reduced Al toxicity by transferring Al3+ from the cytoplasm to the vacuole. Furthermore, MdSTOP1 and MdNAC2 coregulated MdNHX2 expression to increase H+ efflux from the vacuole to the cytoplasm to promote Al3+ compartmentalization and maintain cation balance in the vacuole. Taken together, our findings reveal an MT-STOP1 + NAC2-NHX2/ALS3-vacuolar H+/Al3+ exchange model for the alleviation of AlCl3 stress in apple, laying a foundation for practical applications of MT in agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caihong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Chuanjie Bian
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Jianyu Li
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Lei Han
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Academy of Dongying Efficient Agricultural Technology and Industry on Saline and Alkaline Land in Collaboration with Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao Agricultural University, Dongying 257347, China
| | - Dianming Guo
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Tianchao Wang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Zhijuan Sun
- Laboratory for Agricultural Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Changqing Ma
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yike Tian
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Academy of Dongying Efficient Agricultural Technology and Industry on Saline and Alkaline Land in Collaboration with Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao Agricultural University, Dongying 257347, China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Academy of Dongying Efficient Agricultural Technology and Industry on Saline and Alkaline Land in Collaboration with Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao Agricultural University, Dongying 257347, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang H, Chen W, Xu Z, Chen M, Yu D. Functions of WRKYs in plant growth and development. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:630-645. [PMID: 36628655 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2022.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
As sessile organisms, plants must overcome various stresses. Accordingly, they have evolved several plant-specific growth and developmental processes. These plant processes may be related to the evolution of plant-specific protein families. The WRKY transcription factors originated in eukaryotes and expanded in plants, but are not present in animals. Over the past two decades, there have been many studies on WRKYs in plants, with much of the research concentrated on their roles in stress responses. Nevertheless, recent findings have revealed that WRKYs are also required for seed dormancy and germination, postembryonic morphogenesis, flowering, gametophyte development, and seed production. Thus, WRKYs may be important for plant adaptations to a sessile lifestyle because they simultaneously regulate stress resistance and plant-specific growth and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Houping Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Wanqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhiyu Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Mifen Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Diqiu Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gao G, Yang F, Wang C, Duan X, Li M, Ma Y, Wang F, Qi H. The transcription factor CmERFI-2 represses CmMYB44 expression to increase sucrose levels in oriental melon fruit. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:1378-1395. [PMID: 36938625 PMCID: PMC10231561 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Soluble sugar accumulation in fruit ripening determines fleshy fruit quality. However, the molecular mechanism for this process is not yet understood. Here, we showed a transcriptional repressor, CmMYB44 regulates sucrose accumulation and ethylene synthesis in oriental melon (Cucumis. melo var. makuwa Makino) fruit. Overexpressing CmMYB44 suppressed sucrose accumulation and ethylene production. Furthermore, CmMYB44 repressed the transcriptional activation of CmSPS1 (sucrose phosphate synthase 1) and CmACO1 (ACC oxidase 1), two key genes in sucrose and ethylene accumulation, respectively. During the later stages of fruit ripening, the repressive effect of CmMYB44 on CmSPS1 and CmACO1 could be released by overexpressing CmERFI-2 (ethylene response factor I-2) and exogenous ethylene in "HS" fruit (high sucrose accumulation fruit). CmERFI-2 acted upstream of CmMYB44 as a repressor by directly binding the CmMYB44 promoter region, indirectly stimulating the expression level of CmSPS1 and CmACO1. Taken together, we provided a molecular regulatory pathway mediated by CmMYB44, which determines the degree of sucrose and ethylene accumulation in oriental melon fruit and sheds light on transcriptional responses triggered by ethylene sensing that enable the process of fruit ripening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ge Gao
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education of Ministry and Liaoning Province/National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Fan Yang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education of Ministry and Liaoning Province/National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education of Ministry and Liaoning Province/National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xiaoyu Duan
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education of Ministry and Liaoning Province/National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Meng Li
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education of Ministry and Liaoning Province/National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yue Ma
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Feng Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Hongyan Qi
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education of Ministry and Liaoning Province/National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology, Shenyang 110866, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang M, Feng B, Chen Y, Geng M, Li M, Zheng X, Zhang H, Zhang L, Tan B, Ye X, Wang W, Li J, Cheng J, Feng J. PpIBH1-1 limits internode elongation of peach shoot in a dose-dependent manner. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 330:111630. [PMID: 36787849 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] annual shoots grow up quickly, which limits the lighting and ventilation of an orchard. Atypical bHLH proteins IBH1(INCREASED LEAF INCLINATION1 BINDING bHLH1) play substantial roles in regulating cell elongation and plant stature. In this study, three PpIBH1s (PpIBH1-1/-2/-3) were identified in peach genome and contain a conserved AS domain and a characteristic HLH domain. The transcript levels of three PpIBH1s positively correlated with internode length, which gradually increased from apex to base along the peach shoots. This positive correlation was further confirmed in apple and poplar shoots. And the PpIBH1s gene were highly expressed in the shoot tips collected from twelve dwarf peach cultivars (gid1c mutants). In tissue-specific expression analysis, PpIBH1-1 are more highly expressed in tissues at the growth-arrested stage than cell-elongating. Transgenic Arabidopsis lines showed that different plant heights depending on the dose of PpIBH1-1 transcripts. And the dwarfing PpIBH1-1 transgenic lines were caused by the shorted cell length. PpIBH1-1 interacted with two bHLH factors (PpACE2 and PpLP1). These results suggested that PpIBH1-1 probably prevents internode elongation of peach shoots in a dose-dependent manner. Our work provided a foundation for properly controlling the growth of annual peach branches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Beibei Feng
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yun Chen
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Mingxi Geng
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xianbo Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Haipeng Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Langlang Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Bin Tan
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xia Ye
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jidong Li
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Jiancan Feng
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Miao X, Zhu W, Jin Q, Song Z, Li L. ZmHOX32 is related to photosynthesis and likely functions in plant architecture of maize. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1119678. [PMID: 37035059 PMCID: PMC10073575 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1119678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
HOX32, a member of the HD-ZIP III family, functions in the leaf morphogenesis and plant photosynthesis. However, the regulatory mechanism of HOX32 in maize has not been studied and the regulatory relationship in photosynthesis is unclear. We conducted a comprehensive study, including phylogenetic analysis, expression profiling at both transcriptome and translatome levels, subcellular localization, tsCUT&Tag, co-expression analysis, and association analysis with agronomic traits on HOX32 for the dissection of the functional roles of HOX32. ZmHOX32 shows conservation in plants. As expected, maize HOX32 protein is specifically expressed in the nucleus. ZmHOX32 showed constitutively expression at both transcriptome and translatome levels. We uncovered the downstream target genes of ZmHOX32 by tsCUT&Tag and constructed a cascaded regulatory network combining the co-expression networks. Both direct and indirect targets of ZmHOX32 showed significant gene ontology enrichment in terms of photosynthesis in maize. The association study suggested that ZmHOX32 plays an important role in regulation of plant architecture. Our results illustrate a complex regulatory network of HOX32 involving in photosynthesis and plant architecture, which deepens our understanding of the phenotypic variation in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Miao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Wanchao Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Qixiao Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Zemeng Song
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Li Q, Gao Y, Wang K, Feng J, Sun S, Lu X, Liu Z, Zhao D, Li L, Wang D. Transcriptome Analysis of the Effects of Grafting Interstocks on Apple Rootstocks and Scions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010807. [PMID: 36614250 PMCID: PMC9821396 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Apples are a major horticultural crop worldwide. Grafting techniques are widely utilized in apple production to keep the varieties pure. Interstocks are frequently used in Northern China to achieve intensive apple dwarfing cultivation. High-throughput sequencing was used to investigate differentially expressed genes in the phloem tissues of two different xenograft systems, M ('Gala'/'Mac 9'/Malus baccata (L.) Borkh.) and B ('Gala'/Malus baccata (L.) Borkh.). The results showed that dwarfing interstocks could significantly reduce the height and diameters of apple trees while have few effects on the growth of annual branches. The interstocks were found to regulate the expression of genes related to hormone metabolism and tree body control (GH3.9, PIN1, CKI1, ARP1, GA2ox1 and GA20ox1), these effects may attribute the dwarf characters for apple trees with interstocks. Besides, the interstocks reduce photosynthesis-related genes (MADH-ME4 and GAPC), promote carbon (C) metabolism gene expression (AATP1, GDH and PFK3), promote the expression of nitrogen (N)-metabolism-related genes (NRT2.7, NADH and GDH) in rootstocks, and improve the expression of genes related to secondary metabolism in scions (DX5, FPS1, TPS21 and SRG1). We also concluded that the interstocks acquired early blooming traits due to promotion of the expression of flowering genes in the scion (MOF1, FTIP7, AGL12 and AGL24). This study is a valuable resource regarding the molecular mechanisms of dwarf interstocks' influence on various biological processes and transplantation systems in both scions and rootstocks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingshan Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crops Germplasm Resources Utilization, Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, No. 98 Xinghai South Street, Xingcheng 125100, China
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Horticulture, Agricultural College of Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crops Germplasm Resources Utilization, Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, No. 98 Xinghai South Street, Xingcheng 125100, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crops Germplasm Resources Utilization, Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, No. 98 Xinghai South Street, Xingcheng 125100, China
| | - Jianrong Feng
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Horticulture, Agricultural College of Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Simiao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crops Germplasm Resources Utilization, Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, No. 98 Xinghai South Street, Xingcheng 125100, China
| | - Xiang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crops Germplasm Resources Utilization, Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, No. 98 Xinghai South Street, Xingcheng 125100, China
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Horticulture, Agricultural College of Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Zhao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crops Germplasm Resources Utilization, Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, No. 98 Xinghai South Street, Xingcheng 125100, China
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Horticulture, Agricultural College of Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Deying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crops Germplasm Resources Utilization, Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, No. 98 Xinghai South Street, Xingcheng 125100, China
| | - Lianwen Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crops Germplasm Resources Utilization, Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, No. 98 Xinghai South Street, Xingcheng 125100, China
| | - Dajiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crops Germplasm Resources Utilization, Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, No. 98 Xinghai South Street, Xingcheng 125100, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-429-359-8120
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
He W, Xie R, Luo L, Chai J, Wang H, Wang Y, Chen Q, Wu Z, Yang S, Li M, Lin Y, Zhang Y, Luo Y, Zhang Y, Tang H, Gmitter FG, Wang X. Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of Inarching Invigorating Rootstock onto Incompatible Grafts in Citrus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314523. [PMID: 36498848 PMCID: PMC9735857 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Grafting is a technique that is widely used in citrus production. Graft incompatibility often occurs in the orchard. Inarching can effectively improve the vigor of incompatible grafts, but its mechanism remains poorly understood. Our previous studies investigated the scion-rootstock interaction of citrus and highlighted the role of hormonal balance and genes in abscisic acid biosynthesis regulation. To further elucidate the mechanism of inarched grafts rejuvenation, Hm/Pt combination (Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merrill cv. 'Hongmian miyou' grafted onto Poncirus trifoliata) were inarched with 'Pujiang Xiangcheng' (a novel citrus rootstock cultivar recently selected from wild Citrus junos populations), and comprehensive analysis was performed to compare the inarched grafts and controls. Compared with incompatible grafts, the results revealed that inarching could recover the leaf metabolism balance, including reducing starch content, increasing chlorophyll content and restoring the cell structure. Additionally, our results corroborated that hormonal balance and hormone-related genes played a central role in inarching compatibility. Furthermore, the roles of Hsf4, ERF1, NCED3 and PYL were highlighted, and a model for explaining inarched grafts recovery invigoration was proposed. This study shed light on the mechanism of inarching regulation tree vigor and offered deep insights into the scion-rootstock interaction in citrus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen He
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Rui Xie
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Liang Luo
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jiufeng Chai
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hao Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qing Chen
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhiwei Wu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shaofeng Yang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Mengyao Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuanxiu Lin
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yunting Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ya Luo
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Haoru Tang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Frederick G. Gmitter
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jing S, Li Y, Zhu L, Su J, Yang T, Liu B, Ma B, Ma F, Li M, Zhang M. Transcriptomics and metabolomics reveal effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on growth and development of apple plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1052464. [PMID: 36388499 PMCID: PMC9641280 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1052464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plants form a symbiotic relationship that promotes plant growth and development. However, the regulatory mechanisms through which AMF promote plant growth and development are largely unexplored. In this study, the apple rootstock M26 was assessed physiologically, transcriptionally and metabolically when grown with and without AMF inoculation. AMF significantly promoted the number of lateral root (LR) increase and shoot elongation. Root transcriptomic and metabolic data showed that AMF promoted lateral root development mainly by affecting glucose metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and hormone metabolism. Shoot transcriptomic and metabolic data showed that AMF promoted shoot elongation mainly by affecting hormone metabolism and the expression of genes associated with cell morphogenesis. To investigate whether shoot elongation is caused by root development, we analyzed the root/shoot dry weight ratio. There was a correlation between shoot growth and root development, but analysis of root and shoot metabolites showed that the regulation of AMF on plant shoot metabolites is independent of root growth. Our study bridged the gap in the field of growth and development related to AMF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mingjun Li
- *Correspondence: Mingjun Li, ; Manrang Zhang,
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chen Y, Zhang M, Wang Y, Zheng X, Zhang H, Zhang L, Tan B, Ye X, Wang W, Li J, Li M, Cheng J, Feng J. PpPIF8, a DELLA2-interacting protein, regulates peach shoot elongation possibly through auxin signaling. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 323:111409. [PMID: 35934255 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rapid growth of branches in a peach tree restricts the light penetration and air ventilation within the orchard, which lowers fruit quality and promotes the occurrence of diseases and insects. Our previous works showed that PpDELLA1 and PpDELLA2 repress the rapid growth of annual shoots. Proteins that interact with DELLA are vital for its function. In this study, seven PpPIFs (PpPIF1, -2, -3, -4, -6, -7 and -8) were identified in the peach genome and contain a conserved bHLH domain. Among the seven PpPIFs, PpPIF8 interacted with PpDELLA2 through an unknown motif in the C-terminal and/or the bHLH domain. Overexpression of PpPIF8 in Arabidopsis promotes plant height and branch numbers. Hypocotyl elongation was significantly enhanced by PpPIF8 under weak light intensity. PpPIF8 overexpressed in Arabidopsis and transiently expressed in peach seedlings upregulated the transcription of YUCCA and SAUR19 and downregulated SHY1 and -2. Additionally, PpPIF4 and -8 were significantly induced by weak light. Phylogentic analysis and intron patterns of the bHLH domain strongly suggested that PIFs from six species could be divided into two groups of different evolutionary origins. These results lay a foundation for the further study of the repression of shoot growth by PpDELLA2 through protein interaction with PpPIF8 in peach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chen
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yingcong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xianbo Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Haipeng Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Langlang Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Bin Tan
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xia Ye
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jidong Li
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Jiancan Feng
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yu C, Zhou F, Wang R, Ran Z, Tan W, Jiang L, Cui S, Xie Z, Xiao Y, Zhou Y, Duan L. B2, an abscisic acid mimic, improves salinity tolerance in winter wheat seedlings via improving activity of antioxidant enzymes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:916287. [PMID: 36237496 PMCID: PMC9551657 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.916287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Salinity severely inhibits growth and reduces yield of salt-sensitive plants like wheat, and this effect can be alleviated by plant growth regulators and phytohormones, among which abscisic acid (ABA) plays a central role in response to various stressful environments. ABA is highly photosensitive to light disruption, which this limits its application. Here, based on pyrabactin (a synthetic ABA agonist), we designed and synthesized a functional analog of ABA and named B2, then evaluated its role in salt resistance using winter wheat seedlings. The phenotypes showed that B2 significantly improved the salt tolerance of winter wheat seedlings by elevating the biomass. The physiological analysis found that B2 treatment reduced the generation rate of O2 -, electrolyte leakage, the content of proline, and the accumulation of malonaldehyde (MDA) and H2O2 and also significantly increased the contents of endogenous hormones zeatin riboside (ZA) and gibberellic acid (GA). Further biochemical analysis revealed that the activities of various antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), were enhanced by B2, and the activities of antioxidase isozymes SOD3, POD1/2, and APX1/2 were particularly increased, largely resembling ABA treatment. The abiotic stress response-related gene TaSOS1 was significantly upregulated by B2, while the TaTIP2;2 gene was suppressed. In conclusion, an ABA analog B2 was capable to enhance salt stress tolerance in winter wheat seedlings by stimulating the antioxidant system, providing a novel regulator for better survival of crops in saline soils and improving crop yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunxin Yu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Biology, Shenyang Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Shenyang, China
| | - Ruonan Wang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaojin Ran
- Institute of Biology, Shenyang Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Shenyang, China
| | - Weiming Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Linjiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shunyan Cui
- Institute of Biology, Shenyang Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Shenyang, China
| | - Zhouli Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yitao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Liusheng Duan
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sun Z, Guo D, Lv Z, Bian C, Ma C, Liu X, Tian Y, Wang C, Zheng X. Brassinolide alleviates Fe deficiency-induced stress by regulating the Fe absorption mechanism in Malus hupehensis Rehd. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:1863-1874. [PMID: 35781542 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02897-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Exogenous brassinolide promotes Fe absorption through mechanism I strategy, thus improving the tolerance of Malus hupehensis seedlings to Fe deficiency stress. Iron (Fe) deficiency is a common nutritional disorder that results in decreased yield and poor fruit quality in apple production. As a highly active synthetic analog of brassinosteroids, brassinolide (BL) plays numerous roles in plant responses to abiotic stresses. However, its role in Fe deficiency stress in apple plants has never been reported. Herein, we found that the exogenous application of 0.2 mg L-1 BL could significantly enhance the tolerance of apple seedlings to Fe deficiency stress and result in a low etiolation rate and a high photosynthetic rate. The functional mechanisms of this effect were also explored. We found that first, exogenous BL could improve Fe absorption through the mechanism I strategy. BL induced the activity of H+-ATPase and the expression of MhAHA family genes, resulting in rhizosphere acidification. Moreover, BL could enhance the activity of Fe chelate reductase and absorb Fe through direct binding with the E-box of the MhIRT1 or MhFRO2 promoter via the transcription factors MhBZR1 and MhBZR2. Second, exogenous BL alleviated osmotic stress by increasing the contents of osmolytes (proline, solution proteins, and solution sugar) and scavenged reactive oxygen species by improving the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Lastly, exogenous BL could cooperate with other endogenous plant hormones, such as indole-3-acetic acid, isopentenyl adenosine, and gibberellic acid 4, that respond to Fe deficiency stress indirectly. This work provided a theoretical basis for the application of exogenous BL to alleviate Fe deficiency stress in apple plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhijuan Sun
- College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Dianming Guo
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao, 266109, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Zhichao Lv
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao, 266109, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Chuanjie Bian
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao, 266109, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Changqing Ma
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao, 266109, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao, 266109, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yike Tian
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao, 266109, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Caihong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao, 266109, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao, 266109, China.
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266109, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
The roles of WRKY transcription factors in Malus spp. and Pyrus spp. Funct Integr Genomics 2022; 22:713-729. [PMID: 35906324 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-022-00886-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The WRKY transcription factor gene family is known to be involved in plant defense against pathogens and in tolerance to different environmental stresses at different stages of development. The response mechanisms through which these genes act can be influenced by different phytohormones as well as by many trans- and cis-acting elements, making this network an important topic for analysis, but still something complex to fully understand. According to available reports, these genes can also perform important roles in pome species (Malus spp. and Pyrus spp.) metabolism, especially in adaptation of these plants to stressful conditions. Here, we present a quick review of what is known about WRKY genes in Malus and Pyrus genomes offering a simple way to understand what is already known about this topic. We also add information connecting the evolution of these transcription factors with others that can also be found in pomes.
Collapse
|
25
|
Yang L, Zhu S, Xu J. Roles of auxin in the inhibition of shoot branching in 'Dugan' fir. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:1411-1431. [PMID: 35088089 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Shoot branching substantially impacts vegetative and reproductive growth as well as wood characteristics in perennial woody species by shaping the shoot system architecture. Although plant hormones have been shown to play a fundamental role in shoot branching in annual species, their corresponding actions in perennial woody plants are largely unknown, in part due to the lack of branching mutants. Here, we demonstrated the role of plant hormones in bud dormancy transition toward activation and outgrowth in woody plants by comparing the physiological and molecular changes in the apical shoot stems of 'Yangkou' 020 fir and 'Dugan' fir, two Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.) clones with normal and completely abolished branching phenotypes, respectively. Our studies showed that the defect in bud outgrowth was the cause of failed shoot branching in 'Dugan' fir whereas apically derived signals acted as triggers of this ectopic bud activity. Further studies indicated that auxin played a key role in inhibiting bud outgrowth in 'Dugan' fir. During bud dormancy release, the differential auxin resistant 1/Like AUX1 (AUX1/LAX) and PIN-formed (PIN) activity resulted in an ectopic auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) accumulation in the apical shoot stem of 'Dugan' fir, which could inhibit the cell cycle in the axillary meristem by decreasing cytokinin (CK) biosynthesis but increasing abscisic acid (ABA) production and response through the signaling pathway. In contrast, during bud activation and outgrowth, the striking increase in auxin biosynthesis and PIN activity in the shoot tip of 'Dugan' fir may trigger the correlative inhibition of axillary buds by modulating the polar auxin transport stream (PATS) and connective auxin transport (CAT) in shoots, and by influencing the biosynthesis of secondary messengers, including CK, gibberellin (GA) and ABA, thereby inducing the paradormancy of axillary buds in 'Dugan' fir by apical dominance under favorable conditions. The findings of this study provide important insights into the roles of plant hormones in bud outgrowth control in perennial woody plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Yang
- Department of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, No.159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Sheng Zhu
- Department of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, No.159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, College of Biology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, No.159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, No.159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Asghar S, Xiong Y, Che M, Fan X, Li H, Wang Y, Xu X, Li W, Han Z. Transcriptome analysis reveals the effects of strigolactone on shoot regeneration of apple. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:1613-1626. [PMID: 35680714 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02882-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We have demonstrated that strigolactone inhibitor, Tis108, could be used to improve shoot regeneration of apple, and provided insights into the molecular mechanism of strigolactone-mediated inhibition of adventitious shoot formation. Lack of an efficient transformation system largely stagnated the application of transgenic and CRISPR technology in apple rootstock. High shoot regeneration ability is an important basis for establishing an effective transformation system. In this study, we first demonstrated the inhibitory effects of strigolactones on the adventitious shoot formation of apple rootstock M26. Next, we successfully verified that strigolactone-biosynthesis inhibitor, Tis108, could be used to improve the shoot regeneration of woody plants. Our results also suggest strigolactone-biosynthesis gene, MdCCD7, can be a target gene for biotechnological improvements of shoot regeneration capacity. Furthermore, we have employed transcriptome analysis to reveal the molecular mechanism of strigolactone-mediated inhibition of adventitious shoot formation. Differentially expressed genes associated with photosynthesis, secondary growth, and organ development were identified. WGCNA suggests SLs might affect shoot regeneration through interaction with other hormones, especially, auxin, cytokinin, and ethylene. We were able to identify important candidate genes mediating the cross-talk between strigolactone and other hormones during the process of adventitious shoot formation. Overall, our findings not only propose a useful chemical for improving shoot regeneration in practice but also provide insights into the molecular mechanism of strigolactone-mediated inhibition of adventitious shoot formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumeera Asghar
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yao Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Meng Che
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xingqiang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xuefeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Zhenhai Han
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Transcriptome Profiling Provides New Insights into the Molecular Mechanism Underlying the Sensitivity of Cotton Varieties to Mepiquat Chloride. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095043. [PMID: 35563437 PMCID: PMC9105546 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mepiquat chloride (MC) is a plant growth regulator widely used in cotton production to control vegetative overgrowth of cotton plants to achieve ideal plant architecture required for high yielding. Cotton varieties respond differently to MC application, but there is little information about the molecular mechanisms underlying the varietal difference. In this study, comparative transcriptome analysis was conducted by using two Upland cotton varieties with different sensitivity (XLZ74, insensitive; SD1068, sensitive) to MC treatment, aiming to understand the molecular mechanisms responsible for varietal difference of MC sensitivity. RNA-seq data were generated from the two varieties treated with MC or water at three time points, 1, 3 and 6 days post-spray (dps). Genes differentially expressed between the MC and mock treatments of XLZ74 (6252) and SD1068 (6163) were subjected to Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses to compare the enriched GO terms and KEGG pathways between the two varieties. Signal transduction of phytohormones, biosynthesis of gibberellins (GAs) and brassinosteroids (BRs) and profiles of transcription factors (TFs) seemed to be differentially affected by MC in the two varieties. The transcriptomic results were further consolidated with the content changes of phytohormones in young stem. Several GA catabolic genes, GA2ox, were highly induced by MC in both varieties especially in SD1068, consistent with a more significant decrease in GA4 in SD1068. Several AUX/IAA and SAUR genes and CKX genes were induced by MC in both varieties, but with a more profound effect observed in SD1068 that showed a significant reduction in indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and a significant increase in cytokinin (CTK) at 6 days post-spray (dps). BR biosynthesis-related genes were downregulated in SD1068, but not in XLZ74. Additionally, more downregulated TFs were observed in MC-treated SD1068 than in MC-treated XLZ74, and the two varieties had very different profiles of genes involved in starch and sucrose metabolism, with those of SD1068 and XLZ74 being downregulated and upregulated by MC treatment, respectively. Together, these results indicate that although the same or similar biological pathways are affected by MC treatment in cotton varieties showing different MC sensitivity, the extent of effect is variable, leading to their different phenotypic outcomes. How the quantitative effect of MC on the biological processes associated with growth retardation is regulated is still an open question.
Collapse
|
28
|
Yan T, Mei C, Song H, Shan D, Sun Y, Hu Z, Wang L, Zhang T, Wang J, Kong J. Potential roles of melatonin and ABA on apple dwarfing in semi-arid area of Xinjiang China. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13008. [PMID: 35382008 PMCID: PMC8977067 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Dwarfing is a typic breeding trait for mechanical strengthening and relatively high yield in modern apple orchards. Clarification of the mechanisms associated with dwarfing is important for use of molecular technology to breed apple. Herein, we identified four dwarfing apple germplasms in semi-arid area of Xinjiang, China. The internodal distance of these four germplasms were significantly shorter than non-dwarfing control. Their high melatonin (MT) contents are negatively associated with their malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and oxidative damage. In addition, among the detected hormones including auxin (IAA), gibberellin (GA), brassinolide (BR), zeatin-riboside (ZR), and abscisic acid (ABA), only ABA and ZR levels were in good correlation with the dwarfing phenotype. The qPCR results showed that the expression of melatonin synthetic enzyme genes MdASMT1 and MdSNAT5, ABA synthetic enzyme gene MdAAO3 and degradative gene MdCYP707A, ZR synthetic enzyme gene MdIPT5 all correlated well with the enhanced levels of MT, ABA and the reduced level of of ZR in the dwarfing germplasms. Furthermore, the significantly higher expression of ABA marker genes (MdRD22 and MdRD29) and the lower expression of ZR marker genes (MdRR1 and MdRR2) in all the four dwarf germplasms were consistent with the ABA and ZR levels. Considering the yearly long-term drought occurring in Xinjiang, China, it seems that dwarfing with high contents of MT and ABA may be a good strategy for these germplasms to survive against drought stress. This trait of dwarfing may also benefit apple production and breeding in this semi-arid area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianci Yan
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China,Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Chuang Mei
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Pomology (Xinjiang), Ministry of Agriculture, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China,Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Handong Song
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongqian Shan
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanzhao Sun
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zehui Hu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jixun Wang
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Pomology (Xinjiang), Ministry of Agriculture, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China,Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jin Kong
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China,Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, Hainan, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Dong D, Shi YN, Mou ZM, Chen SY, Zhao DK. Grafting: a potential method to reveal the differential accumulation mechanism of secondary metabolites. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac050. [PMID: 35591927 PMCID: PMC9113227 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant secondary metabolites make a great contribution to the agricultural and pharmaceutical industries. Their accumulation is determined by the integrated transport of target compounds and their biosynthesis-related RNA, protein, or DNA. However, it is hard to track the movement of these biomolecules in vivo. Grafting may be an ideal method to solve this problem. The differences in genetic and metabolic backgrounds between rootstock and scion, coupled with multiple omics approaches and other molecular tools, make it feasible to determine the movement of target compounds, RNAs, proteins, and DNAs. In this review, we will introduce methods of using the grafting technique, together with molecular biological tools, to reveal the differential accumulation mechanism of plant secondary metabolites at different levels. Details of the case of the transport of one diterpene alkaloid, fuziline, will be further illustrated to clarify how the specific accumulation model is shaped with the help of grafting and multiple molecular biological tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ding Dong
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease and Pest, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease and Pest, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China
- School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650204, China
| | - Ya-Na Shi
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650000, China
| | - Zong-Min Mou
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease and Pest, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease and Pest, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China
| | - Sui-Yun Chen
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease and Pest, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease and Pest, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China
| | - Da-Ke Zhao
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease and Pest, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease and Pest, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Habibi F, Liu T, Folta K, Sarkhosh A. Physiological, biochemical, and molecular aspects of grafting in fruit trees. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac032. [PMID: 35184166 PMCID: PMC8976691 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Grafting is a widely used practice for asexual propagation of fruit trees. Many physiological, biochemical, and molecular changes occur upon grafting that can influence important horticultural traits. This technology has many advantages, including avoidance of juvenility, modifying the scion architecture, improving productivity, adapting scion cultivars to unfavourable environmental conditions, and developing traits in resistance to insect pests, bacterial and fungal diseases. A limitation of grafting is scion-rootstock incompatibility. It may be caused by many factors, including insufficient genetic proximity, physiological or biochemical factors, lignification at the graft union, poor graft architecture, insufficient cell recognition between union tissues, and metabolic differences in the scion and the rootstock. Plant hormones, like auxin, ethylene (ET), cytokinin (CK), gibberellin (GA), abscisic acid (ABA), and jasmonic acid (JA) orchestrate several crucial physiological and biochemical processes happening at the site of the graft union. Additionally, epigenetic changes at the union affect chromatin architecture by DNA methylation, histone modification, and the action of small RNA molecules. The mechanism triggering these effects likely is affected by hormonal crosstalk, protein and small molecules movement, nutrients uptake, and transport in the grafted trees. This review provides an overview of the basis of physiological, biochemical, and molecular aspects of fruit tree grafting between scion and rootstock.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fariborz Habibi
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
| | - Tie Liu
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
| | - Kevin Folta
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
| | - Ali Sarkhosh
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
He W, Xie R, Wang Y, Chen Q, Wang H, Yang S, Luo Y, Zhang Y, Tang H, Gmitter FG, Wang X. Comparative transcriptomic analysis on compatible/incompatible grafts in citrus. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhab072. [PMID: 35043167 PMCID: PMC8931943 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhab072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Grafting is a useful cultivation technology to resist abiotic and biotic stresses and is an integral part of citrus production. However, some widely utilized rootstocks may still exhibit graft incompatibility in the orchard. "Hongmian miyou" (Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merrill) is mutated from "Guanxi miyou", but these two scions showed different compatibility with available Poncirus trifoliata rootstock. Foliage etiolation is an observed symptom of graft incompatibility, but its mechanism remains poorly understood. This study is the first to investigate the morphological, physiological, and anatomical differences between the compatible/incompatible grafts, and perform transcriptome profiling at crucial stages of the foliage etiolation process. Based on the comprehensive analyses, hormonal balance was disordered, and two rate-limiting genes, NCED3 (9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenases 3) and NCED5, being responsible for ABA (abscisic acid) accumulation, were highlighted. Further correlation analysis indicated that IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) and ABA were the most likely inducers of the expression of stresses-related genes. In addition, excessive starch accumulation was observed in lamina and midribs of incompatible grafts leaves. These results provided a new insight into the role of the hormonal balance and abscisic acid biosynthesis genes in regulation and contribution to the graft incompatibility, and will further define and deploy candidate genes to explore the mechanisms underlying citrus rootstock- scion interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen He
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Rui Xie
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Qing Chen
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Hao Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Shaofeng Yang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Ya Luo
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Haoru Tang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Frederick G Gmitter
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred 33850, FL, USA
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zheng X, Li Y, Ma C, Chen B, Sun Z, Tian Y, Wang C. A mutation in the promoter of the arabinogalactan protein 7-like gene PcAGP7-1 affects cell morphogenesis and brassinolide content in pear (Pyrus communis L.) stems. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:47-63. [PMID: 34695268 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dwarfing rootstocks and dwarf cultivars are urgently needed for modern pear cultivation. However, germplasm resources for dwarfing pear are limited, and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We previously showed that dwarfism in pear is controlled by the single dominant gene PcDw (Dwarf). We report here that the expression of PcAGP7-1 (ARABINOGALACTAN PROTEIN 7-1), a key candidate gene for PcDw, is significantly higher in dwarf-type pear plants because of a mutation in an E-box in the promoter. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and transient infiltration showed that the transcription factors PcBZR1 and PcBZR2 could directly bind to the E-box of the PcAGP7-1 promoter and repress transcription. Moreover, transgenic pear lines overexpressing PcAGP7-1 exhibited obvious dwarf phenotypes, whereas RNA interference pear lines for PcAGP7-1 were taller than controls. PcAGP7-1 overexpression also enhanced cell wall thickness, affected cell morphogenesis, and reduced brassinolide (BL) content, which inhibited BR signaling via a negative feedback loop, resulting in further dwarfing. Overall, we identified a dwarfing mechanism in perennial woody plants involving the BL-BZR/BES-AGP-BL regulatory module. Our findings provide insight into the molecular mechanism of plant dwarfism and suggest strategies for the molecular breeding of dwarf pear cultivars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yuchao Li
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Changqing Ma
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Baoyin Chen
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Zhijuan Sun
- College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yike Tian
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Caihong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266109, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Li Y, Zheng X, Wang C, Hou D, Li T, Li D, Ma C, Sun Z, Tian Y. Pear xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolases PcBRU1 promotes stem growth through regulating cell wall elongation. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 312:111026. [PMID: 34620431 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) play numerous important roles in plant growth and development. Previous studies reported that BRs could promote stem growth by regulating the expression of xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolases (XTHs). However, the mechanism of XTHs involved in stem growth remains unclear. In this study, PcBRU1, which belonged to the XTH family, was upregulated by exogenous BL treatment in Pyrus communis. The expression of PcBRU1 was highest in stems and lowest in leaves. Subcellular localization analysis indicated that PcBRU1 was located in the plasma membrane. Furthermore, overexpressing PcBRU1 in tobaccos promoted the plant height and internode length. Electron microscopy and anatomical structure analysis showed that the cell wall was significantly thinner and the cells were slenderer in transgenic tobacco lines overexpressing PcBRU1 than in wild-type tobaccos. PcBRU1 promoted stem growth as it loosened the cell wall, leading to the change in cell morphology. In addition, overexpressing PcBRU1 altered the root development and leaf shape of transgenic tobaccos. Taken together, the results could provide a theoretical basis for the XTH family in regulating cell-wall elongation and stem growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuchao Li
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Caihong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Dongliang Hou
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Tingting Li
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Dingli Li
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Changqing Ma
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Zhijuan Sun
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao, 266109, China; College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yike Tian
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao, 266109, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Shan D, Wang C, Song H, Bai Y, Zhang H, Hu Z, Wang L, Shi K, Zheng X, Yan T, Sun Y, Zhu Y, Zhang T, Zhou Z, Guo Y, Kong J. The MdMEK2-MdMPK6-MdWRKY17 pathway stabilizes chlorophyll levels by directly regulating MdSUFB in apple under drought stress. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 108:814-828. [PMID: 34469599 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress severely limits plant growth and production in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.). To breed water-deficit-tolerant apple cultivars that maintain high yields under slight or moderate drought stress, it is important to uncover the mechanisms underlying the transcriptional regulation of chlorophyll metabolism in apple. To explore this mechanism, we generated transgenic 'Gala3' apple plants with overexpression or knockdown of MdWRKY17, which encodes a transcription factor whose expression is significantly induced by water deficit. Under moderate drought stress, we observed significantly higher chlorophyll contents and photosynthesis rates in overexpression transgenic plants than in controls, whereas these were dramatically lower in the knockdown lines. MdWRKY17 directly regulates MdSUFB expression, as demonstrated by in vitro and in vivo experiments. MdSUFB, a key component of the sulfur mobilization (SUF) system that assembles Fe-S clusters, is essential for inhibiting chlorophyll degradation and stabilizing electron transport during photosynthesis, leading to higher chlorophyll levels in transgenic apple plants overexpressing MdWRKY17. The activated MdMEK2-MdMPK6 cascade by water-deficit stress fine-tunes the MdWRKY17-MdSUFB pathway by phosphorylating MdWRKY17 under water-deficit stress. This fine-tuning of the MdWRKY17-MdSUFB regulatory pathway is important for balancing plant survival and yield losses (chlorophyll degradation and reduced photosynthesis) under slight or moderate drought stress. The phosphorylation by MdMEK2-MdMPK6 activates the MdWRKY17-MdSUFB pathway at S66 (identified by LC-MS), as demonstrated by in vitro and in vivo experiments. Our findings reveal that the MdMEK2-MdMPK6-MdWRKY17-MdSUFB pathway stabilizes chlorophyll levels under moderate drought stress, which could facilitate the breeding of apple varieties that maintain high yields under drought stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongqian Shan
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chanyu Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Handong Song
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yixue Bai
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Haixia Zhang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zehui Hu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Kun Shi
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Tianci Yan
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yanzhao Sun
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yunpeng Zhu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zhou
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yan Guo
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jin Kong
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zeng RF, Zhou H, Fu LM, Yan Z, Ye LX, Hu SF, Gan ZM, Ai XY, Hu CG, Zhang JZ. Two citrus KNAT-like genes, CsKN1 and CsKN2, are involved in the regulation of spring shoot development in sweet orange. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:7002-7019. [PMID: 34185082 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Shoot-tip abortion is a very common phenomenon in some perennial woody plants and it affects the height, architecture, and branch orientation of trees; however, little is currently known about the underlying mechanisms. In this study, we identified a gene in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) encoding a KNAT-like protein (CsKN1) and found high expression in the shoot apical meristem (SAM). Overexpression of CsKN1 in transgenic plants prolonged the vegetative growth of SAMs, whilst silencing resulted in either the loss or inhibition of SAMs. Yeast two-hybrid analysis revealed that CsKN1 interacted with another citrus KNAT-like protein (CsKN2), and overexpression of CsKN2 in lemon and tobacco caused an extreme multiple-meristem phenotype. Overexpression of CsKN1 and CsKN2 in transgenic plants resulted in the differential expression of numerous genes related to hormone biosynthesis and signaling. Yeast one-hybrid analysis revealed that the CsKN1-CsKN2 complex can bind to the promoter of citrus floral meristem gene LEAFY (CsLFY) and inhibit its expression. These results indicated that CsKN1 might prolong the vegetative growth period of SAMs by delaying flowering. In addition, an ethylene-responsive factor (CsERF) was found to bind to the CsKN1 promoter and suppresses its transcription. Overexpression of CsERF in Arabidopsis increased the contents of ethylene and reactive oxygen species, which might induce the occurrence of shoot-tip abscission. On the basis of our results, we conclude that CsKN1 and CsKN2 might work cooperatively to regulate the shoot-tip abscission process in spring shoots of sweet orange.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Fang Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li-Ming Fu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Yan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li-Xia Ye
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Si-Fan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Meng Gan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Ai
- Institute of Pomology and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Chun-Gen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin-Zhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Hou Y, Yu X, Chen W, Zhuang W, Wang S, Sun C, Cao L, Zhou T, Qu S. MdWRKY75e enhances resistance to Alternaria alternata in Malus domestica. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:225. [PMID: 34629466 PMCID: PMC8502781 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00701-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Alternaria alternata apple pathotype adversely affects apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) cultivation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying enhanced resistance to this pathogen in apple remain poorly understood. We have previously reported that MdWRKY75 expression is upregulated by A. alternata infection in 'Sushuai' apples. In this study, we discovered that overexpression of MdWRKY75e increased the resistance of transgenic apple lines to A. alternata infection, whereas silencing this gene enhanced susceptibility to A. alternata infection. Furthermore, we found that MdWRKY75e directly binds to the MdLAC7 promoter to regulate the biosynthesis of laccase and increase the biosynthesis of lignin during A. alternata infection. Moreover, the thickening of the cell wall enhanced the mechanical defense capabilities of apple. In addition, we found that jasmonic acid remarkably induced MdWRKY75e expression, and its levels in transgenic apple lines were elevated. These results indicate that MdWRKY75e confers resistance to the A. alternata apple pathotype mainly via the jasmonic acid pathway and that pathogenesis-related genes and antioxidant-related enzyme activity are involved in the disease resistance of MdWRKY75e transgenic plants. In conclusion, our findings provide insights into the importance of MdWRKY75e for resistance to A. alternata infection in apples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingjun Hou
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Yu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiping Chen
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weibing Zhuang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden, Memorial Sun Yat-sen), Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Sanhong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Sun
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifang Cao
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenchun Qu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wang NN, Li Y, Chen YH, Lu R, Zhou L, Wang Y, Zheng Y, Li XB. Phosphorylation of WRKY16 by MPK3-1 is essential for its transcriptional activity during fiber initiation and elongation in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:2736-2752. [PMID: 34043792 PMCID: PMC8408482 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Cotton, one of the most important crops in the world, produces natural fiber materials for the textile industry. WRKY transcription factors play important roles in plant development and stress responses. However, little is known about whether and how WRKY transcription factors regulate fiber development of cotton so far. In this study, we show that a fiber-preferential WRKY transcription factor, GhWRKY16, positively regulates fiber initiation and elongation. GhWRKY16-silenced transgenic cotton displayed a remarkably reduced number of fiber protrusions on the ovule and shorter fibers compared to the wild-type. During early fiber development, GhWRKY16 directly binds to the promoters of GhHOX3, GhMYB109, GhCesA6D-D11, and GhMYB25 to induce their expression, thereby promoting fiber initiation and elongation. Moreover, GhWRKY16 is phosphorylated by the mitogen-activated protein kinase GhMPK3-1 at residues T-130 and S-260. Phosphorylated GhWRKY16 directly activates the transcription of GhMYB25, GhHOX3, GhMYB109, and GhCesA6D-D11 for early fiber development. Thus, our data demonstrate that GhWRKY16 plays a crucial role in fiber initiation and elongation, and that GhWRKY16 phosphorylation by GhMPK3-1 is essential for the transcriptional activation on downstream genes during the fiber development of cotton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na-Na Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yang Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yi-Hao Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Rui Lu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yong Zheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xue-Bao Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Gan Z, Yuan X, Shan N, Wan C, Chen C, Xu Y, Xu Q, Chen J. AcWRKY40 mediates ethylene biosynthesis during postharvest ripening in kiwifruit. PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 309:110948. [PMID: 34134847 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors belong to a superfamily that is involved in many important biological processes, including plant development and senescence. However, little is known about the transcriptional regulation mechanisms of WRKY genes involved in kiwifruit postharvest ripening. Here, we isolated a WRKY gene from the kiwifruit genome and named it AcWRKY40. AcWRKY40 is a nucleus-localized protein that possesses transcriptional activation activity. The expression of AcWRKY40 was detected, and the gene responded to ethylene treatment during kiwifruit postharvest ripening, indicating its involvement in this process at the transcriptional level. We found multiple cis-acting elements related to maturation and senescence in the AcWRKY40 promoter. GUS activity analysis showed that its promoter activity was induced by exogenous ethylene. Yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase assays demonstrated that AcWRKY40 binds to the promoters of AcSAM2, AcACS1, and AcACS2 to activate them. In addition, transient transformations showed that AcWRKY40 enhances the expression of AcSAM2, AcACS1, and AcACS2. Taken together, these results suggest that AcWRKY40 is involved in kiwifruit postharvest ripening, possibly by regulating the expression of genes related to ethylene biosynthesis, thus deepening our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of WRKY transcription factors in fruit ripening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zengyu Gan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Nan Shan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Chunpeng Wan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Chuying Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Yunhe Xu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Qin Xu
- Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Gongcheng Yao Autonomous County, Guilin, 542500, China
| | - Jinyin Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China; College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang, 330075, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Feng Y, Wang Y, Zhang G, Gan Z, Gao M, Lv J, Wu T, Zhang X, Xu X, Yang S, Han Z. Group-C/S1 bZIP heterodimers regulate MdIPT5b to negatively modulate drought tolerance in apple species. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:399-417. [PMID: 33905154 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinins play a central role in delaying senescence, reducing oxidative damage and maintaining plant growth during drought. This study showed that the ectopic expression of ProRE-deleted MdIPT5b, a key enzyme involved in cytokinin metabolism, increased the drought tolerance of transgenic Malus domestica (apple) callus and Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) seedlings by maintaining cytokinin homeostasis, and thus maintaining redox balance. Under restricted watering regimes, the yields of transgenic tomato plants were enhanced. Heterodimers of C/S1 bZIP are involved in the cytokinin-mediated drought response. The heterodimers bind the ProRE of MdIPT5b promoter, thus directly suppressing gene transcription. Single C/S1 bZIP members could not independently function as suppressors. However, specific paired members (heterodimers of MdbZIP80 with MdbZIP2 or with MdbZIP39) effectively suppressed transcription. The α-helical structure is essential for the heterodimerization of C/S1 bZIP members and for synergistic transcriptional suppression. As negative regulators of drought tolerance, suppressing either MdbZIP2 or MdbZIP39 alone does not improve the expression of MdIPT5b and did not increase the drought tolerance of transgenic apple callus. However, this could be achieved when they were co-suppressed. The suppression of MdbZIP80 alone could improve MdIPT5b expression and increase the drought tolerance of transgenic apple callus. However, these effects were reversed in response to the cosuppression of MdbZIP80 and MdIPT5b. Similar results were also observed during delayed dark-induced senescence in apple leaves. In conclusion, the apple C/S1 bZIP network (involving MdbZIP2, MdbZIP39 and MdbZIP80) directly suppressed the expression of MdIPT5b, thus negatively modulating drought tolerance and dark-induced senescence in a functionally redundant manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Feng
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guifen Zhang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zengyu Gan
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Min Gao
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiahong Lv
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ting Wu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xinzhong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xuefeng Xu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shuhua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhenhai Han
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Identification of the Group III WRKY Subfamily and the Functional Analysis of GhWRKY53 in Gossypium hirsutum L. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10061235. [PMID: 34204463 PMCID: PMC8233714 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors had multiple functions in plant secondary metabolism, leaf senescence, fruit ripening, adaptation to biotic and abiotic stress, and plant growth and development. However, knowledge of the group III WRKY subfamily in fiber development in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is largely absent. Previous studies have shown that there were 21 putative group III WRKY members in G. hirsutum L. These putative amino acid sequences from the III WRKY group were phylogenetically clustered into three clades. Multiple alignment, conservative motif analysis, and gene structure analysis showed that the members clustered together in the phylogenetic tree had similar motifs and gene structures. Expression pattern analysis revealed that variation in the expression levels of these genes in different tissues and fiber development stages. To better understand the functions of putative group III WRKY genes in G. hirsutum L., we selected the cotton fiber initiation-related gene GhWRKY53 for cloning and functional identification. The subcellular localization experiment of GhWRKY53 in Nicotiana tabacum leaves showed that it was located in the nucleus. The heterologous expression of GhWRKY53 in Arabidopsis thaliana could significantly increase the density of trichomes. Twelve proteins that interacted with GhWRKY53 were screened from the cotton fiber cDNA library by yeast two-hybrid experiment. This study findings lay a foundation for further research on the role of the GhWRKY53 during cotton fiber development and provide a new insight for further studying putative group III WRKY genes in G. hirsutum L. Our research results also provide vital information for the genetic mechanism of high-quality cotton fiber formation and essential genetic resources for cotton fiber quality improvement.
Collapse
|
41
|
Shan D, Wang C, Zheng X, Hu Z, Zhu Y, Zhao Y, Jiang A, Zhang H, Shi K, Bai Y, Yan T, Wang L, Sun Y, Li J, Zhou Z, Guo Y, Kong J. MKK4-MPK3-WRKY17-mediated salicylic acid degradation increases susceptibility to Glomerella leaf spot in apple. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:1202-1219. [PMID: 33693824 PMCID: PMC8195508 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Glomerella leaf spot (GLS), a fungal disease caused by Colletotrichum fructicola, severely affects apple quality and yield, yet few resistance genes have been identified in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.). Here we found a transcription factor MdWRKY17 significantly induced by C. fructicola infection in the susceptible apple cultivar "Gala." MdWRKY17 overexpressing transgenic "Gala" plants exhibited increased susceptibility to C. fructicola, whereas MdWRKY17 RNA-interference plants showed opposite phenotypes, indicating MdWRKY17 acts as a plant susceptibility factor during C. fructicola infection. Furthermore, MdWRKY17 directly bound to the promoter of the salicylic acid (SA) degradation gene Downy Mildew Resistant 6 (MdDMR6) and promoted its expression, resulting in reduced resistance to C. fructicola. Additionally, Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) 3 (MdMPK3) directly interacted with and phosphorylated MdWRKY17. Importantly, predicted phosphorylation residues in MdWRKY17 by MAPK kinase 4 (MdMEK4)-MdMPK3 were critical for the activity of MdWRKY17 to regulate MdDMR6 expression. In the six susceptible germplasms, MdWRKY17 levels were significantly higher than the six tolerant germplasms after infection, which corresponded with lower SA content, confirming the critical role of MdWRKY17-mediated SA degradation in GLS tolerance. Our study reveals a rapid regulatory mechanism of MdWRKY17, which is essential for SA degradation and GLS susceptibility, paving the way to generate GLS resistant apple.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongqian Shan
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chanyu Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zehui Hu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yunpeng Zhu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Awei Jiang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haixia Zhang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kun Shi
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yixue Bai
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tianci Yan
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanzhao Sun
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianfang Li
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zhou
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yan Guo
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jin Kong
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Author for communication:
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Reinvigoration/Rejuvenation Induced through Micrografting of Tree Species: Signaling through Graft Union. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10061197. [PMID: 34208406 PMCID: PMC8231136 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Trees have a distinctive and generally long juvenile period during which vegetative growth rate is rapid and floral organs do not differentiate. Among trees, the juvenile period can range from 1 year to 15–20 years, although with some forest tree species, it can be longer. Vegetative propagation of trees is usually much easier during the juvenile phase than with mature phase materials. Therefore, reversal of maturity is often necessary in order to obtain materials in which rooting ability has been restored. Micrografting has been developed for trees to address reinvigoration/rejuvenation of elite selections to facilitate vegetative propagation. Generally, shoots obtained after serial grafting have increased rooting competence and develop juvenile traits; in some cases, graft-derived shoots show enhanced in vitro proliferation. Recent advances in graft signaling have shown that several factors, e.g., plant hormones, proteins, and different types of RNA, could be responsible for changes in the scion. The focus of this review includes (1) a discussion of the differences between the juvenile and mature growth phases in trees, (2) successful restoration of juvenile traits through micrografting, and (3) the nature of the different signals passing through the graft union.
Collapse
|
43
|
Dorrity MW, Alexandre CM, Hamm MO, Vigil AL, Fields S, Queitsch C, Cuperus JT. The regulatory landscape of Arabidopsis thaliana roots at single-cell resolution. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3334. [PMID: 34099698 DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.17.204792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The scarcity of accessible sites that are dynamic or cell type-specific in plants may be due in part to tissue heterogeneity in bulk studies. To assess the effects of tissue heterogeneity, we apply single-cell ATAC-seq to Arabidopsis thaliana roots and identify thousands of differentially accessible sites, sufficient to resolve all major cell types of the root. We find that the entirety of a cell's regulatory landscape and its transcriptome independently capture cell type identity. We leverage this shared information on cell identity to integrate accessibility and transcriptome data to characterize developmental progression, endoreduplication and cell division. We further use the combined data to characterize cell type-specific motif enrichments of transcription factor families and link the expression of family members to changing accessibility at specific loci, resolving direct and indirect effects that shape expression. Our approach provides an analytical framework to infer the gene regulatory networks that execute plant development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Dorrity
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Morgan O Hamm
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anna-Lena Vigil
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Stanley Fields
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christine Queitsch
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Josh T Cuperus
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Dorrity MW, Alexandre CM, Hamm MO, Vigil AL, Fields S, Queitsch C, Cuperus JT. The regulatory landscape of Arabidopsis thaliana roots at single-cell resolution. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3334. [PMID: 34099698 PMCID: PMC8184767 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23675-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The scarcity of accessible sites that are dynamic or cell type-specific in plants may be due in part to tissue heterogeneity in bulk studies. To assess the effects of tissue heterogeneity, we apply single-cell ATAC-seq to Arabidopsis thaliana roots and identify thousands of differentially accessible sites, sufficient to resolve all major cell types of the root. We find that the entirety of a cell's regulatory landscape and its transcriptome independently capture cell type identity. We leverage this shared information on cell identity to integrate accessibility and transcriptome data to characterize developmental progression, endoreduplication and cell division. We further use the combined data to characterize cell type-specific motif enrichments of transcription factor families and link the expression of family members to changing accessibility at specific loci, resolving direct and indirect effects that shape expression. Our approach provides an analytical framework to infer the gene regulatory networks that execute plant development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael W. Dorrity
- grid.34477.330000000122986657Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Cristina M. Alexandre
- grid.34477.330000000122986657Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Morgan O. Hamm
- grid.34477.330000000122986657Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Anna-Lena Vigil
- grid.272362.00000 0001 0806 6926School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV USA
| | - Stanley Fields
- grid.34477.330000000122986657Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA ,grid.34477.330000000122986657Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Christine Queitsch
- grid.34477.330000000122986657Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Josh T. Cuperus
- grid.34477.330000000122986657Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Williams B, Ahsan MU, Frank MH. Getting to the root of grafting-induced traits. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 59:101988. [PMID: 33388626 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2020.101988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Grafting is an ancient technique that involves the physical joining of genotypically distinct shoot and root systems, in order to achieve a desirable compound plant. This practice is widely used in modern agriculture to improve biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, modify plant architecture, induce precocious flowering and rejuvenate old perennial varieties, boost yield, and more. Beneficial new rootstock-scion combinations are currently identified through an inefficient trial and error process, which presents a significant bottleneck for the application of grafting to combat new environmental challenges. Identifying the mechanisms that underlie beneficial grafting-induced traits will facilitate rapid breeding and genetic engineering of new rootstock x scion combinations that exhibit superior performance across varying agricultural environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Williams
- Cornell University, School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Plant Biology Section, Ithaca, NY 14850, United States
| | - Muhammad Umair Ahsan
- Cornell University, School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Plant Biology Section, Ithaca, NY 14850, United States
| | - Margaret H Frank
- Cornell University, School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Plant Biology Section, Ithaca, NY 14850, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Shang Q, Zhang D, Li R, Wang K, Cheng Z, Zhou Z, Hao Z, Pan J, Li X, Shi L. Mapping quantitative trait loci associated with stem-related traits in maize (Zea mays L.). PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 104:583-595. [PMID: 32901412 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-01062-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Mapping QTL for stem-related traits using RIL population with ultra-high density bin map can better dissect pleiotropic QTL controlling stem architecture that can provide valuable information for maize genetic improvement. The maize stem is one of the most important parts of the plant and is also a component of many agronomic traits in maize. This study aimed to advance our understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying maize stem traits. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between Ye478 and Qi319 was used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling stem height (SH), ear height (EH), stem node number (SN), ear node (EN), and stem diameter (SD), and two derived traits (ear height coefficient (EHc) and ear node coefficient (ENc)). Using an available ultra-high density bin map, 46 putative QTL for these traits were detected on chromosomes 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 10. Individual QTL explained 3.5-17.7% of the phenotypic variance in different environments. Two QTL for SH, three for EH, two for EHc, one for SN, one for EN, and one for SD were detected in more than one environment. QTL with pleiotropic effects or multiple linked QTL were also identified on chromosomes 1, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 10, which are potential target regions for fine-mapping and marker-assisted selection in maize breeding programs. Further, we discussed segregation of bin markers (mk1630 and mk4452) associated with EHc QTL in the RIL population. We had identified two putative WRKY DNA-binding domain proteins, AC209050.3_FG003 and GRMZM5G851490, and a putative auxin response factor, GRMZM2G437460, which might be involved in regulating plant growth and development, as candidate genes for the control of stem architecture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Shang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, 7 Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Degui Zhang
- Institute of Crop Science, The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Rong Li
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, 7 Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Kaixin Wang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, 7 Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Zimeng Cheng
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, 7 Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Institute of Crop Science, The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhuanfang Hao
- Institute of Crop Science, The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jinbao Pan
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, 7 Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xinhai Li
- Institute of Crop Science, The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Liyu Shi
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, 7 Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Shi K, Liu X, Zhu Y, Bai Y, Shan D, Zheng X, Wang L, Zhang H, Wang C, Yan T, Zhou F, Hu Z, Sun Y, Guo Y, Kong J. MdWRKY11 improves copper tolerance by directly promoting the expression of the copper transporter gene MdHMA5. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2020; 7:105. [PMID: 32637133 PMCID: PMC7327004 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-020-0326-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Overuse of fungicides and fertilizers has resulted in copper (Cu) contamination of soils and toxic levels of Cu in apple fruits. To breed Cu-resistant apple (Malus domestica) cultivars, the underlying molecular mechanisms and key genes involved in Cu resistance must be identified. Here, we show that MdWRKY11 increases Cu tolerance by directly promoting the transcription of MdHMA5. MdHMA5 is a Cu transporter that may function in the storage of excess Cu in root cell walls and stems for Cu tolerance in apple. The transcription factor MdWRKY11 is highly induced by excess Cu. MdWRKY11 overexpression in transgenic apple enhanced Cu tolerance and decreased Cu accumulation. Apple calli transformed with an MdWRKY11-RNAi construct exhibited the opposite phenotype. Both an in vivo chromatin immunoprecipitation assay and an in vitro electrophoretic mobility shift assay indicated that MdWRKY11 binds to the promoter of MdHMA5. Furthermore, MdWRKY11 promoted MdHMA5 expression in transgenic apple plants, as revealed by quantitative PCR. Moreover, inhibition of MdWRKY11 expression by RNA interference led to a significant decrease in MdHMA5 transcription. Thus, MdWRKY11 directly regulates MdHMA5 transcription. Our work resulted in the identification of a novel MdWRKY11-MdHMA5 pathway that mediates Cu resistance in apple.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Shi
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Yunpeng Zhu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Yixue Bai
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Dongqian Shan
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Haixia Zhang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Chanyu Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Tianci Yan
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Fangfang Zhou
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Zehui Hu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Yanzhao Sun
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Yan Guo
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Jin Kong
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Yang Y, Liu J, Zhou X, Liu S, Zhuang Y. Identification of WRKY gene family and characterization of cold stress-responsive WRKY genes in eggplant. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8777. [PMID: 32211240 PMCID: PMC7083166 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND WRKY proteins play a vital role in the plants response to different stresses, growth and development. Studies of WRKY proteins have been mainly focused on model plant Arabidopsis and a few other vegetable plants. However, the systematical study of eggplant WRKY transcription factor superfamily is scarce. METHODS Bioinformatics has been used to identify and characterize the eggplant WRKY gene family. For the exploration of the differentially expressed WRKY genes, two cultivars with different cold-tolerance were used. Finally, we performed a virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) experiment to verify the functions of SmWRKY26 and SmWRKY32. RESULTS Fifty eight (58) genes encoding eggplant WRKY proteins were identified through searching the eggplant genome. Eggplant WRKY proteins could be classified into three groups or seven subgroups in accordance with other plants. WRKY variants were identified from the eggplant. Gene structure analysis showed that the number of intron in eggplant WRKY family was from 0 to 11, with an average of 4.4. Conserved motif analysis suggested that WRKY DNA-binding domain was conserved in eggplant WRKY proteins. Furthermore, RNA-seq data showed that WRKY genes were differentially expressed in eggplant response to cold stress. By using VIGS, the two differentially expressed genes-SmWRKY26 and SmWRKY32 were verified in response to cold stress. DISCUSSIONS This study provides a foundation for further exploring the functions of WRKY proteins in eggplant response to stresses and eggplant genetic improvement in stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Songyu Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Zhuang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Zheng X, Xiao Y, Tian Y, Yang S, Wang C. PcDWF1, a pear brassinosteroid biosynthetic gene homologous to AtDWARF1, affected the vegetative and reproductive growth of plants. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:109. [PMID: 32143576 PMCID: PMC7060609 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-2323-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The steroidal hormones brassinosteroids (BRs) play important roles in plant growth and development. The pathway and genes involved in BR biosynthesis have been identified primarily in model plants like Arabidopsis, but little is known about BR biosynthesis in woody fruits such as pear. RESULTS In this study, we found that applying exogenous brassinolide (BL) could significantly increase the stem growth and rooting ability of Pyrus ussuriensis. PcDWF1, which had a significantly lower level of expression in the dwarf-type pear than in the standard-type pear, was cloned for further analysis. A phylogenetic analysis showed that PcDWF1 was a pear brassinosteroid biosynthetic gene that was homologous to AtDWARF1. The subcellular localization analysis indicated that PcDWF1 was located in the plasma membrane. Overexpression of PcDWF1 in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) or pear (Pyrus ussuriensis) plants promoted the growth of the stems, which was caused by a larger cell size and more developed xylem than those in the control plants, and the rooting ability was significantly enhanced. In addition to the change in vegetative growth, the tobacco plants overexpressing PcDWF1 also had a delayed flowering time and larger seed size than did the control tobacco plants. These phenotypes were considered to result from the higher BL contents in the transgenic lines than in the control tobacco and pear plants. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results reveal that the pear BR biosynthetic gene PcDWF1 affected the vegetative and reproductive growth of Pyrus ussuriensis and Nicotiana tabacum and could be characterized as an important BR biosynthetic gene in perennial woody fruit plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao, 266109 China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao, 266109 China
| | - Yuxiong Xiao
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao, 266109 China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao, 266109 China
| | - Yike Tian
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao, 266109 China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao, 266109 China
| | - Shaolan Yang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao, 266109 China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao, 266109 China
| | - Caihong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao, 266109 China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao, 266109 China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Ma YJ, Li PT, Sun LM, Zhou H, Zeng RF, Ai XY, Zhang JZ, Hu CG. HD-ZIP I Transcription Factor ( PtHB13) Negatively Regulates Citrus Flowering through Binding to FLOWERING LOCUS C Promoter. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9010114. [PMID: 31963238 PMCID: PMC7020176 DOI: 10.3390/plants9010114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
For floral induction in adult citrus, low temperature is one of the most important environmental factors. FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) plays a very important role in low-temperature-induced Arabidopsis flowering by repressed FLC expression under exposure to prolonged low-temperature conditions. However, little is known about the FLC regulation mechanism in perennial woody plants such as citrus. In this study, the functions of citrus FLC homolog (PtFLC) were investigated by ectopic expression in Arabidopsis. Transcription factor of homeodomain leucine zipper I (HD-ZIP I) as an upstream regulator of PtFLC was identified by yeast one-hybrid screen to regulate its transcription. The HD-ZIP I transcription factor was highly homologous to Arabidopsis ATHB13 and thus was named PtHB13. Ectopically expressed PtHB13 inhibited flowering in transgenic Arabidopsis. Furthermore, the expression of PtFLC and PtHB13 showed a seasonal change during the floral induction period and was also affected by low temperature. Thus, we propose that PtHB13 binds to PtFLC promoter to regulate its activity during the citrus floral induction process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jiao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.-J.M.); (P.-T.L.); (H.Z.); (R.-F.Z.)
| | - Pei-Ting Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.-J.M.); (P.-T.L.); (H.Z.); (R.-F.Z.)
| | - Lei-Ming Sun
- Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Zhengzhou 450009, China;
| | - Huan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.-J.M.); (P.-T.L.); (H.Z.); (R.-F.Z.)
| | - Ren-Fang Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.-J.M.); (P.-T.L.); (H.Z.); (R.-F.Z.)
| | - Xiao-Yan Ai
- Institute of Pomology and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Jin-Zhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.-J.M.); (P.-T.L.); (H.Z.); (R.-F.Z.)
- Correspondence: (J.-Z.Z.); (C.-G.H.); Tel.: +86-27-6201-8231 (J.-Z.Z.); Fax: +86-27-8728-2010 (J.-Z.Z.)
| | - Chun-Gen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.-J.M.); (P.-T.L.); (H.Z.); (R.-F.Z.)
- Correspondence: (J.-Z.Z.); (C.-G.H.); Tel.: +86-27-6201-8231 (J.-Z.Z.); Fax: +86-27-8728-2010 (J.-Z.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|