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Yolbaş İ. Phytochemical profiling and antioxidant activity assessment of Bellevalia pseudolongipes via liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry. PeerJ 2024; 12:e18046. [PMID: 39285926 PMCID: PMC11404456 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.18046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Plant-derived drugs are often preferred over synthetic drugs because of their superior safety profiles. Phenolic compounds and flavonoids-major plant components-possess antioxidant properties. Limited research has been conducted on the bioactive compounds and biochemical properties of Bellevalia pseudolongipes (Asparagaceae), an important pharmacological species endemic to Turkey. Therefore, the chemical composition and antioxidant properties of B. pseudolongipes were investigated in this study. Methods The chemical composition of B. pseudolongipes was analyzed using liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry, and radical scavenging and antioxidant activities were evaluated using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) tests. Results Thirty-eight compounds were identified, including trans-cinnamic acid, caffeic acid, vitexin, schaftoside, orientin, and narirutin. B. pseudolongipes showed high antioxidant activity in antioxidant activity tests. Conclusion These findings provide novel insights into the potential utility of B. pseudolongipes in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetics industries, highlighted by its significant antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- İdris Yolbaş
- Türk Telekom Science High School, Siirt, Siirt, Turkey
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2
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Liu H, Huang M, Xin D, Wang H, Yu H, Pu W. Natural products with anti-tumorigenesis potential targeting macrophage. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 131:155794. [PMID: 38875811 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation is a risk factor for tumorigenesis. Macrophage, a subset of immune cells with high plasticity, plays a multifaceted role in this process. Natural products, which are bioactive compounds derived from traditional herbs or foods, have exhibited diverse effects on macrophages and tumorigenesis making them a valuable resource of drug discovery or optimization in tumor prevention. PURPOSE Provide a comprehensive overview of the various roles of macrophages in tumorigenesis, as well as the effects of natural products on tumorigenesis by modulating macrophage function. METHODS A thorough literature search spanning the past two decades was carried out using PubMed, Web of Science, Elsevier, and CNKI following the PRISMA guidelines. The search terms employed included "macrophage and tumorigenesis", "natural products, macrophages and tumorigenesis", "traditional Chinese medicine and tumorigenesis", "natural products and macrophage polarization", "macrophage and tumor related microenvironment", "macrophage and tumor signal pathway", "toxicity of natural products" and combinations thereof. Furthermore, certain articles are identified through the tracking of citations from other publications or by accessing the websites of relevant journals. Studies that meet the following criteria are excluded: (1) Articles not written in English or Chinese; (2) Full texts were not available; (3) Duplicate articles and irrelevant studies. The data collected was organized and summarized based on molecular mechanisms or compound structure. RESULTS This review elucidates the multifaceted effect of macrophages on tumorigenesis, encompassing process such as inflammation, angiogenesis, and tumor cell invasion by regulating metabolism, non-coding RNA, signal transduction and intercellular crosstalk. Natural products, including vitexin, ovatodiolide, ligustilide, and emodin, as well as herbal remedies, have demonstrated efficacy in modulating macrophage function, thereby attenuating tumorigenesis. These interventions mainly focus on mitigating the initial inflammatory response or modifying the inflammatory environment within the precancerous niche. CONCLUSIONS These mechanistic insights of macrophages in tumorigenesis offer valuable ideas for researchers. The identified natural products facilitate the selection of promising candidates for future cancer drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Manru Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Dandan Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Hong Wang
- School of Medical Technology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China.
| | - Haiyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China.
| | - Weiling Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China.
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Ahmed Z, Ikram M, Khan I, Bashir K, Shah AJ, Hussain Z, Khan T. LC-ESI-MS/MS-based molecular networking, antioxidant, anti-glioma activity and molecular docking studies of Clematis graveolens. PLANT METHODS 2024; 20:111. [PMID: 39054477 PMCID: PMC11271027 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-024-01221-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Clematis graveolens Lindl., an indigenous climbing plant found in the Himalayan areas, is used by local communities for the treatment of neck tumors. The objective of this work is to examine the comprehensive metabolomic profile, antioxidant capability, in vitro and in silico anti-glioma effects on U-87 human glioma cell lines of the crude extract and fractions from C. graveolens. Liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS) was used to establish detailed metabolite profiling of C. graveolens. The assessment of cell cytotoxicity was conducted using MTT cell viability assay on U-87 and BHK-21. Through molecular docking studies, the mode of inhibition and binding interaction between identified compounds and target proteins were also determined to evaluate the in vitro results. The use of LC-MS/MS-based global natural products social (GNPS) molecular networking analysis resulted in the identification of 27 compounds. The crude extract, ethyl acetate fraction, and chloroform fraction exhibited significant inhibitory activity against the U-87 cell lines, with IC50 values of 112.0, 138.1, and 142.7 µg/mL, respectively. The ethyl acetate fraction exhibited significant inhibitory concentration for 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) activity, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) activity and the metal chelation activity with IC50 value of 39.50 µg/mL, 32.27 µg/mL, and 53.46 µg/mL, respectively. The crude extract showed maximum total phenolic, and total flavonoid concentration measuring 338.7 µg GAE/mg, and 177.04 µg QE/mg, respectively. The findings of this study indicate that C. graveolens consists of a diverse range of active phytoconstituents that possess antioxidant and anti-glioma properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubair Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad campus, 22060, Abbottabad, KP, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ikram
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad campus, 22060, Abbottabad, KP, Pakistan
| | - Ishaq Khan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, 25000, Peshawar, Pakistan
- Texas A&M Health Science Centre, Joe H. Reynolds Medical Build 159, College Station, 77843, Texas, USA
| | - Kashif Bashir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pak Austria Fachhochschule: Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, 22600, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Jabbar Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad campus, 22060, Abbottabad, KP, Pakistan
| | - Zahid Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad campus, 22060, Abbottabad, KP, Pakistan
| | - Taous Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad campus, 22060, Abbottabad, KP, Pakistan.
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Naponelli V, Rocchetti MT, Mangieri D. Apigenin: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential against Cancer Spreading. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5569. [PMID: 38791608 PMCID: PMC11122459 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to its propensity to metastasize, cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Thanks in part to their intrinsic low cytotoxicity, the effects of the flavonoid family in the prevention and treatment of various human cancers, both in vitro and in vivo, have received increasing attention in recent years. It is well documented that Apigenin (4',5,7-trihydroxyflavone), among other flavonoids, is able to modulate key signaling molecules involved in the initiation of cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis, including JAK/STAT, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, MAPK/ERK, NF-κB, and Wnt/β-catenin pathways, as well as the oncogenic non-coding RNA network. Based on these premises, the aim of this review is to emphasize some of the key events through which Apigenin suppresses cancer proliferation, focusing specifically on its ability to target key molecular pathways involved in angiogenesis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), maintenance of cancer stem cells (CSCs), cell cycle arrest, and cancer cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Naponelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Plesso Biotecnologico Integrato, Via Volturno 39, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Rocchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Pinto 1, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Domenica Mangieri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Pinto 1, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
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Zengin G, Leyva-Jiménez FJ, Fernández-Ochoa Á, Bouyahya A, Yildiztugay E, Carretero AS, Mahomoodally MF, Ponniya SKM, Nilofar, Koyuncu I, Yüksekdağ Ö, Cádiz-Gurrea MDLL. UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS metabolite profiles of different extracts from Pelargonium endlicherianum parts and their biological properties based on network pharmacological approaches. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2300728. [PMID: 38314893 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
In the present study, we aimed to investigate the chemical profiles and biological activities of different extracts (ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, ethanol, and water) of Pelargonium endlicherianum parts (aerial parts and roots). Free radical scavenging, reducing power, phosphomolybdenum, and metal chelating were assayed for antioxidant properties. To detect enzyme inhibitory properties, cholinesterase, amylase, glucosidase, and tyrosinase were chosen as target enzymes. The ethanol extract of the aerial parts contained higher amounts of total bioactive compounds (120.53 mg GAE/g-24.46 mg RE/g). The ethanol and water extracts of these parts were tentatively characterized by UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS and 95 compounds were annotated. In addition, the highest acetylcholiesterase (3.74 mg GALAE/g) and butyrylcholinesterase (3.92 mg GALAE/g) abilities were observed by the ethanol extract of roots. The water extract from aerial parts exhibited the most pronounced inhibitory effects on multiple cancer cell lines, especially A549 (IC50: 23.2 µg/mL) and HT-29 (IC50: 27.43 µg/mL) cells. Using network pharmacology, P. endlicherianum compounds were studied against cancer, revealing well-connected targets such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K), AKT, receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2, and growth factor receptor bound protein 2 (GRB2) with significant impact on cancer-related pathways. The results could open a new path from natural treasure to functional applications with P. endlicherianum and highlight a new study on other uninvestigated Pelargonium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Francisco Javier Leyva-Jiménez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science and Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Regional Institute for Applied Scientific Research (IRICA), Area of Food Science, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Álvaro Fernández-Ochoa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Fuentenueva s/n, Granada, Spain
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Evren Yildiztugay
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Antonio Segura Carretero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Fuentenueva s/n, Granada, Spain
| | - Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
- School of Engineering & Technology, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | | | - Nilofar
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
- Department of Pharmacy, Botanic Garden "Giardino dei Semplici", Università degli Studi "Gabriele d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Ismail Koyuncu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Özgür Yüksekdağ
- Department of Pharmacy, Botanic Garden "Giardino dei Semplici", Università degli Studi "Gabriele d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
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Furlanetto V, Kalyani DC, Kostelac A, Puc J, Haltrich D, Hällberg BM, Divne C. Structural and Functional Characterization of a Gene Cluster Responsible for Deglycosylation of C-glucosyl Flavonoids and Xanthonoids by Deinococcus aerius. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168547. [PMID: 38508304 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2024.168547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Plant C-glycosylated aromatic polyketides are important for plant and animal health. These are specialized metabolites that perform functions both within the plant, and in interaction with soil or intestinal microbes. Despite the importance of these plant compounds, there is still limited knowledge of how they are metabolized. The Gram-positive aerobic soil bacterium Deinococcus aerius strain TR0125 and other Deinococcus species thrive in a wide range of harsh environments. In this work, we identified a C-glycoside deglycosylation gene cluster in the genome of D. aerius. The cluster includes three genes coding for a GMC-type oxidoreductase (DaCGO1) that oxidizes the glucosyl C3 position in aromatic C-glucosyl compounds, which in turn provides the substrate for the C-glycoside deglycosidase (DaCGD; composed of α+β subunits) that cleaves the glucosyl-aglycone C-C bond. Our results from size-exclusion chromatography, single particle cryo-electron microscopy and X-ray crystallography show that DaCGD is an α2β2 heterotetramer, which represents a novel oligomeric state among bacterial CGDs. Importantly, the high-resolution X-ray structure of DaCGD provides valuable insights into the activation of the catalytic hydroxide ion by Lys261. DaCGO1 is specific for the 6-C-glucosyl flavones isovitexin, isoorientin and the 2-C-glucosyl xanthonoid mangiferin, and the subsequent C-C-bond cleavage by DaCGD generated apigenin, luteolin and norathyriol, respectively. Of the substrates tested, isovitexin was the preferred substrate (DaCGO1, Km 0.047 mM, kcat 51 min-1; DaCGO1/DaCGD, Km 0.083 mM, kcat 0.42 min-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Furlanetto
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Health, CBH, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dayanand C Kalyani
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Health, CBH, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anja Kostelac
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria; Doctoral Programme BioToP-Biomolecular Technology of Proteins, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jolanta Puc
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dietmar Haltrich
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - B Martin Hällberg
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christina Divne
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Health, CBH, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Ajiboye BO, Fatoki TH, Akinnusi PA, Ajuwon OR, Oyinloye BE, Jeje TO, Owolabi OV, Ogedengbe OO, Genovese C. Molecular docking, MMGBSA, and ADMET studies of phytoconstituents of Ocimum gratissimum on multiple breast cancer targets. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38648537 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2344193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
O. gratissimum is one of the most common medicinal plants in every community in Nigeria. This plant has been presumed to be useful in the management of diseases including breast cancer, which is one the commonest cancers affecting women globally. Hence, this study aimed to computationally investigate the phytochemicals present in O. gratissimum by elucidate their binding dynamics against five selected molecular targets of breast cancer and predict their pharmacokinetics properties. Molecular docking, MMGBSA calculation and ADMET prediction were used. The results showed that isovitexin has the highest binding affinity of -9.11 kcal/mol and -9.80 kcal/mol for Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) respectively. Rosmarinic acid has the highest binding affinity of -12.15 kcal/mol for Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), Nepetoidin A has the highest binding affinity of -9.14 kcal/mol for oestrogen receptor (ER), and Vitexin has the highest binding affinity of -12.90 kcal/mol for Progesterone receptor (PR). MMGBSA provided total binding energy that confirmed the stability of the complexes under physiological conditions. The ADMET profiles showed that O. gratissimum top phytochemicals identified would be safe for oral administration with no hepatoxicity. Overall, this study identified isovitexin, vitexin, rosmarinic acid, nepetoidin A and luteolin among others, as compounds that exhibit strong anti-cancer properties against breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basiru Olaitan Ajiboye
- Phytomedicine and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Toluwase Hezekiah Fatoki
- Bioinformatics and Enzymology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Precious Ayorinde Akinnusi
- Bioinformatics and Enzymology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Olawale Rasaq Ajuwon
- Redox Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Babatunji Emmanuel Oyinloye
- Phytomedicine, Biochemical Toxicology and Biotechnology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
- Biotechnology and Structural Biology (BSB) Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa
| | - Temitope Olawale Jeje
- Biochemical Immunology and Phytomedicine Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Olutunmise Victoria Owolabi
- Medical Biochemistry Unit, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Oluwatosin O Ogedengbe
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Claudia Genovese
- Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean, Catania, Italy
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Song J, Wang H, Sheng J, Zhang W, Lei J, Gan W, Cai F, Yang Y. Vitexin attenuates chronic kidney disease by inhibiting renal tubular epithelial cell ferroptosis via NRF2 activation. Mol Med 2023; 29:147. [PMID: 37891461 PMCID: PMC10612207 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00735-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) involves a variety of pathological processes, and ferroptosis plays a vital role in CKD progression. Targeting ferroptosis is a promising strategy for the treatment of CKD. However, inhibitors of ferroptosis have not been used in the clinical treatment of CKD. Vitexin is a natural flavonoid with many biological activities and protective effects against various diseases. However, whether vitexin can prevent the progression of CKD is not known. METHODS In vivo, the effect of vitexin on CKD was evaluated by using mouse models of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and unilateral ischemia-reperfusion (UIR). Western blotting, Sirius red staining and transmission electron microscopy were used to analyze renal tubular injury, interstitial fibrosis, and inflammation in the kidneys of UUO and UIR mice. In vitro, CCK8 assays and lipid peroxidation assays were performed to analyze cell viability and lipid peroxidation in human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK2 cells) induced by erastin. The activation of renal fibroblasts (NRK-49 F cells) was also analyzed. Additionally, an in-silico protein-drug docking model and coimmunoprecipitation were performed to determine the direct substrate of vitexin. RESULTS In vivo, vitexin treatment significantly ameliorated renal tubular injury, interstitial fibrosis, and inflammation in the kidneys of UUO and UIR mice. Additionally, our results showed that vitexin significantly attenuated UUO- and UIR-induced ferroptosis in renal tubular epithelial cells by upregulating glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) protein levels and inhibiting lipid peroxidation in mouse kidneys. In vitro, treatment with vitexin inhibited erastin-induced ferroptosis in HK2 cells. Moreover, vitexin inhibited the expression of collagen I and α-SMA (alpha-smooth muscle actin) in NRK-49 F cells induced by the supernatant of erastin-treated HK2 cells. Mechanistically, our results suggested that vitexin could activate the NRF2/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway by inhibiting the KEAP1- and ubiquitination-mediated degradation of NRF2, thereby increasing the expression of GPX4, and further inhibiting lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis. Additionally, knockout of NRF2 greatly inhibited the antiferroptotic effects of vitexin. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results indicate that vitexin can protect against renal tubular epithelial cell ferroptosis in CKD by activating the KEAP1/NRF2/HO-1 pathway and is a promising drug to treat CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Song
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongri Wang
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingyi Sheng
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Lei
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weihua Gan
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210003, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Fangfang Cai
- School of Biopharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Yunwen Yang
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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Mustapha M, Mat Taib CN. Beneficial Role of Vitexin in Parkinson's Disease. Malays J Med Sci 2023; 30:8-25. [PMID: 37102042 PMCID: PMC10125247 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2023.30.2.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Today, Parkinson's disease (PD) is the foremost neurological disorder all across the globe. In the quest for a novel therapeutic agent for PD with a multimodal mechanism of action and relatively better safety profile, natural flavonoids are now receiving greater attention as a potential source of neuroprotection. Vitexin have been shown to exhibit diverse biological benefits in various disease conditions, including PD. It exerts its anti-oxidative property in PD patients by either directly scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) or by upregulating the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Also, vitexin activates the ERK1/1 and phosphatidyl inositol-3 kinase/Akt (PI3K/Akt) pro-survival signalling pathway, which upregulates the release of anti-apoptotic proteins and downregulates the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins. It could be antagonistic to protein misfolding and aggregation. Studies have shown that it can also act as an inhibitor of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) enzyme, thereby increasing striatal dopamine levels, and hence, restoring the behavioural deficit in experimental PD models. Such promising pharmacological potential of vitexin could be a game-changer in devising novel therapeutic strategies against PD. This review discusses the chemistry, properties, sources, bioavailability and safety profile of vitexin. The possible molecular mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective action of vitexin in the pathogenesis of PD alongside its therapeutic potential is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musa Mustapha
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Che Norma Mat Taib
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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Anticancer Potential of Apigenin and Isovitexin with Focus on Oncogenic Metabolism in Cancer Stem Cells. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030404. [PMID: 36984844 PMCID: PMC10051376 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that cancer stem cells (CSCs) go through metabolic changes that differentiate them from non-CSCs. The altered metabolism of CSCs plays a vital role in tumor initiation, progression, immunosuppression, and resistance to conventional therapy. Therefore, defining the role of CSC metabolism in carcinogenesis has emerged as a main focus in cancer research. Two natural flavonoids, apigenin and isovitexin, have been shown to act synergistically with conventional chemotherapeutic drugs by sensitizing CSCs, ultimately leading to improved therapeutic efficacy. The aim of this study is to present a critical and broad evaluation of the anti-CSC capability of apigenin and isovitexin in different cancers as novel and untapped natural compounds for developing drugs. A thorough review of the included literature supports a strong association between anti-CSC activity and treatment with apigenin or isovitexin. Additionally, it has been shown that apigenin or isovitexin affected CSC metabolism and reduced CSCs through various mechanisms, including the suppression of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, the inhibition of nuclear factor-κB protein expression, and the downregulation of the cell cycle via upregulation of p21 and cyclin-dependent kinases. The findings of this study demonstrate that apigenin and isovitexin are potent candidates for treating cancer due to their antagonistic effects on CSC metabolism.
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Mouna R, Broisat A, Debiossat M, Boumendjel A, Ghezzi C, Kabouche Z. Evaluation of antiproliferative activity, apoptotic induction and LC-HRMS/MS analyses of the VLC fractions of L. numidicum. Nat Prod Res 2023; 37:788-792. [PMID: 36796789 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2084738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, six vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC) fractions (F1-F6) of the n-BuOH extract of L. numidicum Murb. (BELN) were examined for their anticancer capacity. The composition of secondary metabolites was analyzed by LC-HRMS/MS. The antiproliferative effect against PC3 and MDA-MB-231 lines was evaluated by MTT assay. Apoptosis of PC3 cells was detected by annexin V-FITC/PI staining using a flow cytometer. The results showed that only fractions 1 and 6 inhibited PC3 and MDA-MB 231 cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner and induced dose-dependent apoptosis of PC3 cells, evidenced by the accumulation of early and late apoptotic cells, and by the decrease in viable cells. LC-HRMS/MS profiling of fractions 1 and 6 revealed the presence of known compounds that may be responsible for the observed anticancer activity. F1 and F6 may be an excellent source of active phytochemicals for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryma Mouna
- Université des frères Mentouri-Constantine 1, Laboratoire d'Obtention de Substances Thérapeutiques (LOST), Constantine, Algeria.,Université de Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CHU Grenoble Alpes, LRB, Grenoble, France
| | - Alexis Broisat
- Université de Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CHU Grenoble Alpes, LRB, Grenoble, France
| | - Marlène Debiossat
- Université de Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CHU Grenoble Alpes, LRB, Grenoble, France
| | - Ahcène Boumendjel
- Université de Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CHU Grenoble Alpes, LRB, Grenoble, France
| | - Catherine Ghezzi
- Université de Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CHU Grenoble Alpes, LRB, Grenoble, France
| | - Zahia Kabouche
- Université des frères Mentouri-Constantine 1, Laboratoire d'Obtention de Substances Thérapeutiques (LOST), Constantine, Algeria
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12
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Tseng CY, Yu PR, Hsu CC, Lin HH, Chen JH. The effect of isovitexin on lipopolysaccharide-induced renal injury and inflammation by induction of protective autophagy. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 172:113581. [PMID: 36572206 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a systemic inflammatory syndrome that includes tubulointerstitial inflammation. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, can increase reactive oxygen species production (ROS) that triggers cell inflammation. Isovitexin (IV) is a flavone that has the potential for anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory. This study aimed to hypothesize that IV inhibited LPS-induced renal injury in vitro and in vivo. In vitro study, IV prevented LPS-induced ROS production and increased cell viability on SV40-MES-13 cells. Additionally, IV ameliorated mitochondrial membrane potential, downregulated inflammation and pyroptosis factors on LPS treatment. We found that LPS treatment reduced the expression of autophagy, however, this effect was reversed by IV. In vivo study, the renal injury model in C57BL/6 mice cotreatment with IV was examined. In addition, IV decreased LPS-induced glomerular atrophy and reduced inflammation-related cytokines releases. Further showed that IV could significantly reduce LPS-induced inflammation and pyroptosis factors in mice. Under the immunostaining, increased fluorescence of LC3 autophagy-related protein was recovered by IV. In summary, IV ameliorated renal injury, inflammation and increased protected autophagy by anti-ROS production, anti-inflammation, and anti-pyroptosis. In the future, the safety of isovitexin as a novel perspective for CKD patients should be evaluated in further clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-Yun Tseng
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Rong Yu
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chin Hsu
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Hsien Chen
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan.
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Antitumor Effects of Ononin by Modulation of Apoptosis in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer through Inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:5122448. [PMID: 36605098 PMCID: PMC9810408 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5122448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a leading global cause of cancer-related death in both males and females. Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer type that can be difficult to control with conventional chemotherapeutic and surgical approaches resulting in a poor prognosis. Paclitaxel (PTX) is a commonly used chemotherapeutic drug for NSCLC, which can cause tissue injury in healthy cells and affect the quality of life in patients with cancer. In order to treat NSCLC, alternative medications with minimal or no side effects are highly needed. Ononin is an isoflavone glycoside extracted from Astragali Radix (AR) that has various pharmacological activities. Therefore, this study investigated whether ononin inhibits NSCLC progression and promotes apoptosis synergistically with PTX both in vitro and in vivo. Antitumorigenic properties of ononin were determined by MTT assay, colony formation assay, migratory capacity, and apoptotic marker expression in A549 and HCC827 cells. The combination of ononin with PTX increased the expression of apoptotic markers and ROS generation and inhibited cell proliferation through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways. Furthermore, ononin prevented the translocation of NF-κB from cytosol to the nucleus. Also, we used the xenograft NSCLC mice model to confirm the in vivo antitumorigenic efficacies of ononin by reduction of CD34 and Ki67 expressions. Based on the histological analysis, the cotreatment of PTX and ononin reduced PTX-induced liver and kidney damage. Overall, our findings suggested that the therapeutic index of PTX-based chemotherapy could be improved by reducing toxicity with increasing antitumor capabilities when combined with ononin.
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14
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Mouna R, Broisat A, Ahmed A, Debiossat M, Boumendjel A, Ghezzi C, Kabouche Z. Antiproliferative activity, cell-cycle arrest, apoptotic induction and LC-HRMS/MS analyses of extracts from two Linum species. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:1491-1501. [PMID: 35943855 PMCID: PMC9367650 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2102196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Linum is the largest genus of the Linaceae family; the species of this genus are known to have anticancer activity. OBJECTIVE In this study, ethyl acetate extracts of L. numidicum Murb. (EAELN) and L. trigynum L. (EAELT) were examined, for the first time, for their anticancer capacity. The secondary metabolites compositions were analysed by LC-HRMS/MS. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antiproliferative effect of EAELN and EAELT (0-10.000 μg/mL) against PC3 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines were evaluated by the MTT assay after 72 h of treatment. Flow cytometer analysis of apoptosis (Annexin V-FITC/PI) and cell cycle (PI/RNase) was also performed after treatment with EAELN and EAELT at 250, 500, and 1000 μg/mL, for 24 h. RESULTS EAELN had the highest antiproliferative activity against PC3 (IC50 133.2 ± 5.73 μg/mL) and MDA-MB-231 (IC50 156.9 ± 2.83 μg/mL) lines, EAELN had also shown better apoptotic activity with 19 ± 2.47% (250 μg/mL), 87.5 ± 0.21% (500 μg/mL), and 92 ± 0.07% (1000 μg/mL), respectively, causing cell cycle arrest of PC3 cells in G2/M phase, whereas arrest in G0/G1 and G2/M phases was observed after treatment with EAELT. LC-HRMS/MS profiling of the extracts revealed the presence of known compounds that might be responsible for the observed anticancer activity such as chicoric acid, vicenin-2, vitexin and podophyllotoxin-β-d-glucoside. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS We have shown, for the first time, that EAELN and EAELT exert anticancer activity through cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis. EAELN can be considered as a source to treat cancer. Further studies will be required to evaluate the effect of the active compounds, once identified, on other cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryma Mouna
- Université des frères Mentouri-Constantine 1, Laboratoire d'Obtention de Substances Thérapeutiques (LOST), Constantine, Algeria
- Université de Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CHU Grenoble Alpes, LRB, Grenoble, France
| | - Alexis Broisat
- Université de Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CHU Grenoble Alpes, LRB, Grenoble, France
| | - Abdalwahab Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Marlène Debiossat
- Université de Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CHU Grenoble Alpes, LRB, Grenoble, France
| | - Ahcène Boumendjel
- Université de Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CHU Grenoble Alpes, LRB, Grenoble, France
| | - Catherine Ghezzi
- Université de Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CHU Grenoble Alpes, LRB, Grenoble, France
| | - Zahia Kabouche
- Université des frères Mentouri-Constantine 1, Laboratoire d'Obtention de Substances Thérapeutiques (LOST), Constantine, Algeria
- CONTACT Zahia Kabouche Université des frères Mentouri-Constantine 1, Constantine, Algeria
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A tumor-targeted delivery of oral isoliquiritigenin through encapsulated zein phosphatidylcholine hybrid nanoparticles prevents triple-negative breast cancer. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Tian L, Wu X, Yu H, Yang F, Sun J, Zhou T, Jiang H. Isovitexin Protects Mice from Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus-Induced Pneumonia by Targeting Sortase A. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:1284-1291. [PMID: 36224754 PMCID: PMC9668100 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2206.06007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The rise of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has resulted in significant morbidity and mortality, and clinical treatment of MRSA infections has become extremely difficult. Sortase A (SrtA), a virulence determinant that anchors numerous virulence-related proteins to the cell wall, is a prime druggable target against S. aureus infection due to its crucial role in the pathogenicity of S. aureus. Here, we demonstrate that isovitexin, an active ingredient derived from a variety of traditional Chinese medicines, can reversibly inhibit SrtA activity in vitro with a low dose (IC50=24.72 μg/ml). Fluorescence quenching and molecular simulations proved the interaction between isovitexin and SrtA. Subsequent point mutation experiments further confirmed that the critical amino acid positions for SrtA binding to isovitexin were Ala-92, Ile-182, and Trp-197. In addition, isovitexin treatment dramatically reduced S. aureus invasion of A549 cells. This study shows that treatment with isovitexin could alleviate pathological injury and prolong the life span of mice in an S. aureus pneumonia model. According to our research, isovitexin represents a promising lead molecule for the creation of anti-S. aureus medicines or adjuncts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Tian
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, P.R. China
| | - Xinliang Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tianjin Baodi Hospital, Baodi Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 301800, P.R. China
| | - Hangqian Yu
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P.R. China
| | - Fengying Yang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, P.R. China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Vocational College Agriculture, Beijing 102442, P.R. China
| | - Tiezhong Zhou
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, P.R. China,Corresponding authors T. Zhou E-mail:
| | - Hong Jiang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, P.R. China,
H. Jiang E-mail:
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Yang XX, Wang S, Zhou LP, Li TJ, Zhao L, Meng XS, Gao F, Bao YR. Anti-Colon Cancer Activity of Patrinia villosa Extract and Analysis of its Components based on UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS. INT J PHARMACOL 2022. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2022.1440.1448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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18
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Zhang F, Ganesan K, Liu Q, Chen J. A Review of the Pharmacological Potential of Spatholobus suberectus Dunn on Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182885. [PMID: 36139460 PMCID: PMC9497142 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatholobus suberectus Dunn (SSD) has been extensively employed in Traditional Chinese Medicine to treat several ailments. SSD and its active compounds are effective therapeutic agents for treating a variety of diseases with negligible side effects. Therefore, we aimed to investigate its phytochemistry, pharmacology, and potential therapeutic effects exclusively in cancer prevention and treatment. Phytochemical and pharmacological information was collected and arranged in a rational order. SSD has been frequently attributed to having antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, hematopoietic, neuroprotective, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties. Evidence has indicated that the bioactive constituents in SSD have attracted increasing scientific attention due to their preventive role in cancers. Further, the present review provides the current information on the health implications of SSD, thus allowing for future clinical trials to explore its restorative benefits. All data of in vitro and animal investigations of SSD, as well as its effect on human health, were obtained from an electronic search and library database. The diverse pharmacological potential of SSD provides an opportunity for preclinical drug discovery, and this comprehensive review strongly indicates that SSD is an excellent anti-tumorigenic agent that modulates or prevents breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Kumar Ganesan
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qingqing Liu
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +852-3917-6479
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19
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Ahmed SS, Al-Mamun A, Hossain SI, Akter F, Ahammad I, Chowdhury ZM, Salimullah M. Virtual screening reveals liquiritigenin as a broad-spectrum inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern: an in silico study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022:1-19. [PMID: 35971968 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2111361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 has severely impacted the lives of people worldwide. Global concern is on the rise due to a large number of unexpected mutations in the viral genome, resulting in new variants. Nature-based bioactive phytochemicals hold great promise as inhibitors against pathogenic viruses. The current study was aimed at evaluating some bioactive antiviral phytochemicals against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. A total of 46 phytochemicals were screened against the pathogenic spike protein of Alpha, Beta, Delta, Gamma, and Omicron variants. In addition to molecular docking, screening for favorable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties such as absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity was undertaken. For each of the aforementioned five SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, a 100 ns molecular dynamics simulation was run to assess the stability of the complexes between their respective spike protein receptor-binding domain and the best-selected compound. From our current investigation, the natural compound liquiritigenin turned out to be the most promising potential lead compound against almost all the variants. These findings could pave the way for the development of effective medications against SARS-CoV-2 variants. However, in vivo trials in future studies are necessary for further validation of our results.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdullah Al-Mamun
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Shah Imran Hossain
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Farzana Akter
- Department of Botany, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ishtiaque Ahammad
- Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Ganakbari, Ashulia, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Zeshan Mahmud Chowdhury
- Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Ganakbari, Ashulia, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Salimullah
- Molecular Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Ganakbari, Ashulia, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Vitexin alleviates breast tumor in mice via skewing TAMs toward an iNOS+ profile orchestrating effective CD8+ T cell activation. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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21
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Ferdausi N, Islam S, Rimti FH, Quayum ST, Arshad EM, Ibnat A, Islam T, Arefin A, Ema TI, Biswas P, Dey D, Azad SA. Point-specific interactions of isovitexin with the neighboring amino acid residues of the hACE2 receptor as a targeted therapeutic agent in suppressing the SARS-CoV-2 influx mechanism. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2022; 9:230-240. [PMID: 35891654 PMCID: PMC9298103 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2022.i588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Despite the development of several vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, the need for an additional prophylactic agent is evident. In recent in silico studies, isovitexin exhibited a higher binding affinity against the human angiotensin converting-enzyme 2 (hACE2) receptor than existing antiviral drugs. The research aimed to find out the point specificity of isovitexin for the hACE2 receptor and to assess its therapeutic potential, depending on the stability of the isovitexin–hACE2 complex. Materials and Methods: The pharmacokinetic profile of isovitexin was analyzed. The crystal structure of the hACE2 receptor and the ligand isovitexin were docked to form a ligand–protein complex following molecular optimization. To determine the isovitexin–hACE2 complex stability, their binding affinity, hydrogen bonding, and hydrophobic interactions were studied. Lastly, the root mean square deviation (RMSD), root mean square fluctuation, solvent accessible surface area, molecular surface area, radius of gyration (Rg), polar surface area, and principal component analysis values were found by simulating the complex with molecular dynamic (MD). Results: The predicted Lethal dose50 for isovitexin was 2.56 mol/kg, with an acceptable maximum tolerated dose and no hepatotoxicity or AMES toxicity. Interactions with the amino acid residues Thr371, Asp367, Glu406, Pro346, His345, Phe274, Tyr515, Glu375, Thr347, Glu402, and His374 of the hACE2 protein were required for the high binding affinity and specificity of isovitexin. Based on what was learned from the MD simulation, the hACE2 receptor-blocking properties of isovitexin were looked at. Conclusions: Isovitexin is a phytochemical with a reasonable bioactivity and safety profile for use in humans, and it can potentially be used as a hACE2-specific therapeutic to inhibit COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourin Ferdausi
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Samarth Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Fahmida Hoque Rimti
- Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery, Chittagong Medical College, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Syeda Tasnim Quayum
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Efat Muhammad Arshad
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Aashian Ibnat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tamnia Islam
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Immunoinformatics and Vaccinomics Research Unit, RPG Interface Lab, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Adittya Arefin
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Immunoinformatics and Vaccinomics Research Unit, RPG Interface Lab, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Tanzila Ismail Ema
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Immunoinformatics and Vaccinomics Research Unit, RPG Interface Lab, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Partha Biswas
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh.,Immunoinformatics and Vaccinomics Research Unit, RPG Interface Lab, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Dipta Dey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh.,Immunoinformatics and Vaccinomics Research Unit, RPG Interface Lab, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Salauddin Al Azad
- Fermentation Engineering Major, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China.,Immunoinformatics and Vaccinomics Research Unit, RPG Interface Lab, Jashore, Bangladesh
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22
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Xu G, Shu Y, Xu Y. Metabolomics analyses of traditional Chinese medicine formula Shuang Huang Lian by UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS. Chin Med 2022; 17:62. [PMID: 35637516 PMCID: PMC9150355 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00610-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Shuang Huang Lian (SHL) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula made from Lonicerae Japonicae Flos, Forsythiae Fructus, and Scutellariae Radix. Despite the widespread use of SHL in clinical practice for treating upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs), the complete component fingerprint and the pharmacologically active components in the SHL formula remain unclear. The objective of this study was to develop an untargeted metabolomics method for component identification, quantitation, pattern recognition, and cross-comparison of various SHL preparation forms (i.e., granule, oral liquid, and tablet). Methods Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS) together with bioinformatics were used for chemical profiling, identification, and quantitation of SHL. Multivariate data analyses such as principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were performed to assess the correlations among the three SHL preparation forms and the reproducibility of the technical and biological replicates. Results A UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-based untargeted metabolomics method was developed and applied to analyze three SHL preparation forms, consisting of 178 to 216 molecular features. Among the 95 common molecular features from the three SHL preparation forms, quantitative analysis was performed using a single exogenous reference internal standard. Forty-seven of the 95 common molecular features have been identified using various databases. Among the 47 common components, there were 17 flavonoids, 7 oligopeptides, 5 terpenoids, 2 glycosides, 2 cyclohexanecarboxylic acids, 2 spiro compounds, 2 lipids, 2 glycosylglycerol derivatives, and 8 various compounds such as alkyl caffeate ester, aromatic ketone, benzaldehyde, benzodioxole, benzofuran, chalcone, hydroxycoumarin, and purine nucleoside. Five of the 47 common components were designated by the Chinese Pharmacopoeia as the quality markers of medicinal plants of SHL, and 15 were previously reported to have pharmacological activities. Distinct patterns of the three SHL preparation forms were observed in the PCA and PLS-DA plots. Conclusions The developed method is reliable and reproducible, which is useful for the profiling, component identification, quantitation, quality assessment of various SHL preparation forms and may apply to the analysis of other TCM formulas. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13020-022-00610-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA
| | - Yachun Shu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA.
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23
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A Review of Twenty Years of Research on the Regulation of Signaling Pathways by Natural Products in Breast Cancer. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27113412. [PMID: 35684353 PMCID: PMC9182524 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the second leading cause of death among women, and it has become a global health issue due to the increasing number of cases. Different treatment options, including radiotherapy, surgery, chemotherapy and anti-estrogen therapy, aromatase inhibitors, anti-angiogenesis drugs, and anthracyclines, are available for BC treatment. However, due to its high occurrence and disease progression, effective therapeutic options for metastatic BC are still lacking. Considering this scenario, there is an urgent need for an effective therapeutic strategy to meet the current challenges of BC. Natural products have been screened as anticancer agents as they are cost-effective, possess low toxicity and fewer side effects, and are considered alternative therapeutic options for BC therapy. Natural products showed anticancer activities against BC through the inhibition of angiogenesis, cell migrations, proliferations, and tumor growth; cell cycle arrest by inducing apoptosis and cell death, the downstream regulation of signaling pathways (such as Notch, NF-κB, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, MAPK/ERK, and NFAT-MDM2), and the regulation of EMT processes. Natural products also acted synergistically to overcome the drug resistance issue, thus improving their efficacy as an emerging therapeutic option for BC therapy. This review focused on the emerging roles of novel natural products and derived bioactive compounds as therapeutic agents against BC. The present review also discussed the mechanism of action through signaling pathways and the synergistic approach of natural compounds to improve their efficacy. We discussed the recent in vivo and in vitro studies for exploring the overexpression of oncogenes in the case of BC and the current status of newly discovered natural products in clinical investigations.
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Tao M, Li R, Zhang Z, Wu T, Xu T, Zogona D, Huang Y, Pan S, Xu X. Vitexin and Isovitexin Act Through Inhibition of Insulin Receptor to Promote Longevity and Fitness in Caenorhabditis elegans. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2100845. [PMID: 35413150 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Vitexin and isovitexin are natural plant nutraceuticals for human health and longevity. This research investigated the underlying mechanism of vitexin and isovitexin on aging and health. The vital role of DAF-2/IGFR was illustrated in the insulin/insulin-like growth signaling pathway (IIS) modulated by vitexin and isovitexin. METHODS AND RESULTS In vitro, in vivo models and molecular docking methods were performed to explore the antiaging mechanism of vitexin and isovitexin. Vitexin and isovitexin (50 and 100 μM) extended the lifespan of C. elegans. The declines of pharyngeal pumping and body bending rates, and the increase of intestinal lipofuscin accumulation, three markers of aging, were postponed by vitexin and isovitexin. These compounds inhibited the IIS pathway in a daf-16-dependent manner, subsequently increasing the expression of DAF-16 downstream proteins and genes in nematodes. Molecular docking studies demonstrated that these compounds might inhibit insulin signal transduction by binding to the crucial amino acid residue ARG1003 in the pocket of the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGFR). Western blot indicated that IGFR, PI3K and AKT kinase expressions in senescent cells is decreased after vitexin and isovitexin treatment. CONCLUSION Vitexin and isovitexin might inhibit IIS pathway by occupying the ATP-binding site pocket of IGFR, subsequently decreasing IGFR expression, thereby promoting longevity and fitness. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfang Tao
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Rong Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Ting Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Daniel Zogona
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Yuting Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Siyi Pan
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
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Effects of Vitexin, a Natural Flavonoid Glycoside, on the Proliferation, Invasion, and Apoptosis of Human U251 Glioblastoma Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3129155. [PMID: 35281458 PMCID: PMC8906934 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3129155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a highly aggressive brain tumor characterized by high recurrence and poor prognosis. Vitexin has shown activities against esophageal, liver, lung, colorectal, and ovarian cancers; however, there is little knowledge on the activity of vitexin against glioblastoma. This study was therefore designed with aims to examine the effects of vitexin on proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis of human U251 glioblastoma cells and explore the underlying molecular mechanisms using mRNA sequencing and molecular docking. Vitexin was found to inhibit cell proliferation, colony formation, and invasion and promote apoptosis in U251 cells. mRNA sequencing identified 499 differentially expressed genes in vitexin-treated U251 cells relative to controls, including 154 upregulated genes and 345 downregulated genes. Gene ontology (GO) term enrichment analysis revealed that the upregulated genes were most significantly enriched in intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway and the downregulated genes were most significantly enriched in positive regulation of cell development and positive regulation of locomotion relating to biological processes, endoplasmic reticulum lumen and side of membrane relating to cellular components, and receptor ligand activity and receptor regulator activity relating to molecular functions. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the upregulated genes were involved in the pathways of transcriptional misregulation in cancer and the downregulated genes were involved in FoxO and JAK/STAT signaling pathways. Western blotting assay revealed that vitexin treatment resulted in reduced p-JAK1, p-JAK3, and p-STAT3 protein expression in U251 cells relative to untreated controls, and molecular docking predicted that vitexin had docking scores of –8.8, –10.8, and –10.5 kJ/mol with STAT3, JAK1, and JAK2, respectively. The results of the present study demonstrate that vitexin inhibits the proliferation and invasion and induces the apoptosis of glioblastoma U251 cells through suppressing the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway, and vitexin may be a promising potential agent for the chemotherapy of glioblastoma.
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The Role of Epigenetic Modifications in Human Cancers and the Use of Natural Compounds as Epidrugs: Mechanistic Pathways and Pharmacodynamic Actions. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030367. [PMID: 35327559 PMCID: PMC8945214 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease resulting from the genetic and epigenetic disruption of normal cells. The mechanistic understanding of the pathways involved in tumor transformation has implicated a priori predominance of epigenetic perturbations and a posteriori genetic instability. In this work, we aimed to explain the mechanistic involvement of epigenetic pathways in the cancer process, as well as the abilities of natural bioactive compounds isolated from medicinal plants (flavonoids, phenolic acids, stilbenes, and ketones) to specifically target the epigenome of tumor cells. The molecular events leading to transformation, angiogenesis, and dissemination are often complex, stochastic, and take turns. On the other hand, the decisive advances in genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics have allowed, in recent years, for the mechanistic decryption of the molecular pathways of the cancerization process. This could explain the possibility of specifically targeting this or that mechanism leading to cancerization. With the plasticity and flexibility of epigenetic modifications, some studies have started the pharmacological screening of natural substances against different epigenetic pathways (DNA methylation, histone acetylation, histone methylation, and chromatin remodeling) to restore the cellular memory lost during tumor transformation. These substances can inhibit DNMTs, modify chromatin remodeling, and adjust histone modifications in favor of pre-established cell identity by the differentiation program. Epidrugs are molecules that target the epigenome program and can therefore restore cell memory in cancerous diseases. Natural products isolated from medicinal plants such as flavonoids and phenolic acids have shown their ability to exhibit several actions on epigenetic modifiers, such as the inhibition of DNMT, HMT, and HAT. The mechanisms of these substances are specific and pleiotropic and can sometimes be stochastic, and their use as anticancer epidrugs is currently a remarkable avenue in the fight against human cancers.
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Fortification of bioactive components in mung bean grains through germination and evaluation of their cytotoxic activity in colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-021-01094-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Kumar G, Du B, Chen J. Effects and mechanisms of dietary bioactive compounds on breast cancer prevention. Pharmacol Res 2021; 178:105974. [PMID: 34818569 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most often diagnosed cancer among females globally and has become an increasing global health issue over the last decades. Despite the substantial improvement in screening methods for initial diagnosis, effective therapy remains lacking. Still, there has been high recurrence and disease progression after treatment of surgery, endocrine therapy, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Considering this view, there is a crucial requirement to develop safe, freely accessible, and effective anticancer therapy for BC. The dietary bioactive compounds as auspicious anticancer agents have been recognized to be active and their implications in the treatment of BC with negligible side effects. Hence, this review focused on various dietary bioactive compounds as potential therapeutic agents in the prevention and treatment of BC with the mechanisms of action. Bioactive compounds have chemo-preventive properties as they inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells, downregulate the expression of estrogen receptors, and cell cycle arrest by inducing apoptotic settings in tumor cells. Therapeutic drugs or natural compounds generally incorporate engineered nanoparticles with ideal sizes, shapes, and enhance their solubility, circulatory half-life, and biodistribution. All data of in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies of dietary bioactive compounds and their impact on BC were collected from Science Direct, PubMed, and Google Scholar. The data of chemopreventive and anticancer activity of dietary bioactive compounds were collected and orchestrated in a suitable place in the review. These shreds of data will be extremely beneficial to recognize a series of additional diet-derived bioactive compounds to treat BC with the lowest side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesan Kumar
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bing Du
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Jayasuriya R, Dhamodharan U, Ali D, Ganesan K, Xu B, Ramkumar KM. Targeting Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway by bioactive natural agents: Possible therapeutic strategy to combat liver disease. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 92:153755. [PMID: 34583226 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2), a stress-activated transcription factor, has been documented to induce a defense mechanism against oxidative stress damage, and growing evidence considers this signaling pathway a key pharmacological target for the treatment of liver diseases. PURPOSE The present review highlights the role of phytochemical compounds in activating Nrf2 and mitigate toxicant-induced stress on liver injury. METHODS A comprehensive search of published articles was carried out to focus on original publications related to Nrf2 activators against liver disease using various literature databases, including the scientific Databases of Science Direct, Web of Science, Pubmed, Google, EMBASE, and Scientific Information (SID). RESULTS Nrf2 activators exhibited promising effects in resisting a variety of liver diseases induced by different toxicants in preclinical experiments and in vitro studies by regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis as well as an antioxidant defense mechanism. We found that the phytochemical compounds, such as curcumin, naringenin, sulforaphane, diallyl disulfide, mangiferin, oleanolic acid, umbelliferone, daphnetin, quercetin, isorhamnetin-3-O-galactoside, hesperidin, diammonium glycyrrhizinate, corilagin, shikonin, farrerol, and chenpi, had the potential to improve the Nrf2-ARE signaling thereby combat hepatotoxicity. CONCLUSION Nrf2 activators may offer a novel potential strategy for the prevention and treatment of liver diseases. More extensive studies are essential to identify the underlying mechanisms and establish future therapeutic potentials of these signaling modulators. Further clinical trials are warranted to determine the safety and effectiveness of Nrf2 activators for hepatopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravichandran Jayasuriya
- SRM Research Institute and Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | | | - Daoud Ali
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Kumar Ganesan
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai 519087, China.
| | - Kunka Mohanram Ramkumar
- SRM Research Institute and Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India.
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Ganesan K, Wang Y, Gao F, Liu Q, Zhang C, Li P, Zhang J, Chen J. Targeting Engineered Nanoparticles for Breast Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111829. [PMID: 34834243 PMCID: PMC8623926 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the second most common cancer in women globally after lung cancer. Presently, the most important approach for BC treatment consists of surgery, followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The latter therapeutic methods are often unsuccessful in the treatment of BC because of their various side effects and the damage incurred to healthy tissues and organs. Currently, numerous nanoparticles (NPs) have been identified and synthesized to selectively target BC cells without causing any impairments to the adjacent normal tissues or organs. Based on an exploratory study, this comprehensive review aims to provide information on engineered NPs and their payloads as promising tools in the treatment of BC. Therapeutic drugs or natural bioactive compounds generally incorporate engineered NPs of ideal sizes and shapes to enhance their solubility, circulatory half-life, and biodistribution, while reducing their side effects and immunogenicity. Furthermore, ligands such as peptides, antibodies, and nucleic acids on the surface of NPs precisely target BC cells. Studies on the synthesis of engineered NPs and their impact on BC were obtained from PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. This review provides insights on the importance of engineered NPs and their methodology for validation as a next-generation platform with preventive and therapeutic effects against BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Ganesan
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (K.G.); (Y.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - Yan Wang
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (K.G.); (Y.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - Fei Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (F.G.); (C.Z.)
| | - Qingqing Liu
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (K.G.); (Y.W.); (Q.L.)
- Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518063, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (F.G.); (C.Z.)
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China;
| | - Jinming Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (F.G.); (C.Z.)
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (J.C.); Tel.: +852-3917-6479 (J.C.)
| | - Jianping Chen
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (K.G.); (Y.W.); (Q.L.)
- Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518063, China
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (J.C.); Tel.: +852-3917-6479 (J.C.)
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The Antitriple Negative Breast cancer Efficacy of Spatholobus suberectus Dunn on ROS-Induced Noncanonical Inflammasome Pyroptotic Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5187569. [PMID: 34659633 PMCID: PMC8514942 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5187569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BCa) is the leading cause of women's death worldwide; among them, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most troublesome subtypes with easy recurrence and great aggressive properties. Spatholobus suberectus Dunn has been used in the clinic of Chinese society for hundreds of years. Shreds of evidence showed that Spatholobus suberectus Dunn has a favorable outcome in the management of cancer. However, the anti-TNBC efficacy of Spatholobus suberectus Dunn percolation extract (SSP) and its underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Hence, the present study is aimed at evaluating the anti-TNBC potential of SSP both in vitro and in vivo, through the cell viability, morphological analysis of MDA-MB-231, LDH release assay, ROS assay, and the tests of GSH aborted pyroptotic noninflammasome signaling pathway. Survival analysis using the KM Plotter and TNM plot database exhibited the inhibition of transcription levels of caspase-4 and 9 related to low relapse-free survival in patients with BCa. Based on the findings, SSP possesses anti-TNBC efficacy that relies on ROS-induced noncanonical inflammasome pyroptosis in cancer cells. In this study, our preclinical evidence is complementary to the preceding clinic of Chinese society; studies on the active principles of SPP remain underway in our laboratory.
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Comparative Phytochemical Profile and Biological Activity of Four Major Medicinal Halophytes from Qassim Flora. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10102208. [PMID: 34686017 PMCID: PMC8538075 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Four halophytic plants, Lycium shawii, Anabasis articulata, Rumex vesicarius, and Zilla spinosa, growing in the central Qassim area, Saudi Arabia, were phytochemically and biologically investigated. Their hydroalcoholic extracts’ UPLC-ESIQ-TOF analyses demonstrated the presence of 44 compounds of phenolic acids, flavonoids, saponins, carbohydrates, and fatty acids chemical classes. Among all the plants’ extracts, L. shawii showed the highest quantities of total phenolics, and flavonoids contents (52.72 and 13.01 mg/gm of the gallic acid and quercetin equivalents, respectively), along with the antioxidant activity in the TAA (total antioxidant activity), FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power), and DPPH-SA (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-scavenging activity) assays with 25.6, 56.68, and 19.76 mg/gm, respectively, as Trolox equivalents. The hydroalcoholic extract of the L. shawii also demonstrated the best chelating activity at 21.84 mg/gm EDTA equivalents. Among all the four halophytes, the hydroalcoholic extract of L. shawii exhibited the highest antiproliferative activity against MCF7 and K562 cell lines with IC50 values at 194.5 µg/mL and 464.9 µg/mL, respectively. The hydroalcoholic extract of A. articulata demonstrated better cytotoxic activity amongst all the tested plants’ extracts against the human pancreatic cancer cell lines (PANC1) with an IC50 value of 998.5 µg/mL. The L. shawii induced apoptosis in the MCF7 cell lines, and the percentage of the necrotic cells changed to 28.1% and 36.5% for the IC50 and double-IC50 values at 22.9% compared with the untreated groups. The hydroalcoholic extract of L. shawii showed substantial antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus ATCC 10876 with a MIC value of 12.5 mg/mL. By contrast, the A. articulata and Z. spinosa exhibited antifungal activities against Aspergillus niger ATCC 6275 with MIC values at 12.5 and 50 mg/mL, respectively. These findings suggested that the L. shawii is a potential halophyte with remarkable biological properties, attributed to its contents of phenolics and flavonoid classes of compounds in its extract.
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Enzymatic Synthesis of Novel Vitexin Glucosides. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206274. [PMID: 34684855 PMCID: PMC8539612 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitexin is a C-glucoside flavone that exhibits a wide range of pharmaceutical activities. However, the poor solubility of vitexin limits its applications. To resolve this limitation, two glycoside hydrolases (GHs) and four glycosyltransferases (GTs) were assayed for glycosylation activity toward vitexin. The results showed that BtGT_16345 from the Bacillus thuringiensis GA A07 strain possessed the highest glycosylation activity, catalyzing the conversion of vitexin into new compounds, vitexin-4'-O-β-glucoside (1) and vitexin-5-O-β-glucoside (2), which showed greater aqueous solubility than vitexin. To our knowledge, this is the first report of vitexin glycosylation. Based on the multiple bioactivities of vitexin, the two highly soluble vitexin derivatives might have high potential for pharmacological usage in the future.
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Zhang LL, He Y, Sheng F, Hu YF, Song Y, Li W, Chen J, Zhang J, Zou L. Towards a better understanding of Fagopyrum dibotrys: a systematic review. Chin Med 2021; 16:89. [PMID: 34530893 PMCID: PMC8447528 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00498-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Fagopyrum dibotrys (F. dibotrys) (D.Don) H.Hara is a well-known edible herbal medicine in Asian countries. It has been widely used for the treatment of lung diseases, swelling, etc., and is also an important part of many Chinese medicine prescriptions. At present, more than 100 compounds have been isolated and identified from F. dibotrys, and these compounds can be primarily divided into flavonoids, phenols, terpenes, steroids, and fatty acids. Flavonoids and phenolic compounds are considered to be the main active ingredients of F. dibotrys. Previous pharmacological studies have shown that F. dibotrys possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, and anti-diabetic activities. Additional studies on functional genes have led to a better understanding of the metabolic pathways and regulatory factors related with the flavonoid active ingredients in F. dibotrys. In this paper, we systemically reviewed the research advances on the phytochemistry and pharmacology of F. dibotrys, as well as the functional genes related to the synthesis of active ingredients, aiming to promote the development and utilization of F. dibotrys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le-Le Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan He
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Feiya Sheng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Ying-Fan Hu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Song
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiarong Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinming Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China.
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Insights into health-promoting effects of Jew's ear (Auricularia auricula-judae). Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Wang J, Yang K, Yao L, Ma Z, Li C, Si E, Li B, Meng Y, Ma X, Shang X, Wang H. Metabolomics Analyses Provide Insights Into Nutritional Value and Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Halophyte Halogeton glomeratus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:703255. [PMID: 34290730 PMCID: PMC8287573 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.703255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Halogeton glomeratus is a succulent annual herbaceous halophyte belonging to the Chenopodiaceae family, has attracted wide attention as a promising candidate for phytoremediation and as an oilseed crop and noodle-improver. More importantly, H. glomeratus has important medicinal value in traditional Chinese medicine. However, there are few comprehensive studies on the nutrients, particularly secondary metabolites. Here, we adopted untargeted metabolomics to compare the differences in metabolites of different tissues (root, stem, leaf, and seed) and identify the compounds related to pharmacological effects and response to abiotic stress in H. glomeratus. A total of 2,152 metabolites were identified, and the metabolic profiles of root, stem, leaf, and seed samples were clearly separated. More than 50% of the metabolites showed significant differences among root, stem, leaf, and seed. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of differential metabolites suggested an extensive alteration in the metabolome among the different organs. Furthermore, the identified metabolites related to pharmacological effects and response to abiotic stress included flavones, flavonols, flavandiols, glucosinolates, isoquinolines, pyridines, indoles, amino acids, lipids, carbohydrates, and ATP-binding cassette transporters. These metabolites have application in treating human cardiovascular diseases, cancers, diabetes, and heart disease, induce sleeping and have nutritive value. In plants, they are related to osmotic adjustment, alleviating cell damage, adjusting membrane lipid action and avoiding toxins. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first metabolomics-based report to overview the metabolite compounds in H. glomeratus and provide a reference for future development and utilization of H. glomeratus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juncheng Wang
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science/Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science/Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lirong Yao
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science/Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zengke Ma
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science/Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chengdao Li
- Western Barley Genetics Alliance, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Erjing Si
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science/Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Baochun Li
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science/Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Botany, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yaxiong Meng
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science/Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaole Ma
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science/Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xunwu Shang
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huajun Wang
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science/Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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Zhu H, Zhao N, Jiang M. Isovitexin attenuates tumor growth in human colon cancer cells through the modulation of apoptosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition via PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 99:741-749. [PMID: 34219464 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2021-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Isovitexin, a biologically active flavone C-glycosylated derivative, has a variety of biological activities. We aimed to identify the effect of isovitexin (Isov) on colon cancer. The human colonic epithelial cell (HCEC), and cancer cells were treated with Isov, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) was used to detect cell proliferation and calculate half-inhibitory concentration (IC50). The biological activity of cancer cells were assessed. The tumor size and volume were recorded. The expression levels of proteins were analyzed by western blot. Isov inhibited cancer cells proliferation, while had little cytotoxicity on HCEC. Isov significantly attenuated cell proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), induced cell apoptosis, and that trends were blocked by insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) treated. The expression levels of phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinasep (p-PI3K), phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-Akt), phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR), and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) evidently decreased when treated with Isov, while the levels of Bcl2-associated X (Bax), and caspase-3 significantly increased. After Isov treatment, the tumor volume and weight were decreased, the levels of p-PI3K, p-Akt, p-mTOR, and Bcl-2 significantly decreased in tumor tissues. Our finding demonstrated that Isov could inhibit cancer cells migration, invasion and EMT. Isov maybe a new potentially treatment medicine for colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhu
- Yantaishan Hospital, 519688, Yantai, China, 264001;
| | - Na Zhao
- Yantaishan Hospital, 519688, Yantai, Shandong, China;
| | - Maozhu Jiang
- Yantaishan Hospital, 519688, Yantai, Shandong, China;
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Ganesan K, Quiles JL, Daglia M, Xiao J, Xu B. Dietary phytochemicals modulate intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction and autoimmune diseases. FOOD FRONTIERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Ganesan
- Food Science and Technology Program BNU–HKBU United International College Zhuhai China
- The School of Chinese Medicine The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
| | - José L. Quiles
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú,” Department of Physiology Biomedical Research Center University of Granada Granada Spain
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Pharmacy University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology University of Vigo Vigo Pontevedra E‐36310 Spain
| | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program BNU–HKBU United International College Zhuhai China
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Sarkar MK, Kar A, Jayaraman A, Kar Mahapatra S, Vadivel V. Vitexin isolated from Prosopis cineraria leaves induce apoptosis in K-562 leukemia cells via inhibition of the BCR-ABL-Ras-Raf pathway. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 74:103-111. [PMID: 34109977 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Leukemia is one of the severe cancer types all around the globe. Even though some chemotherapeutic drugs are available for treating leukemia, they have various side effects. As an alternative approach, herbal drugs are focused on current research to overcome leukemia. The present work was conducted to investigate the antileukemic mechanism of active phytochemical vitexin, which was isolated from ethno-medicine (Prosopis cineraria leaf) used by traditional healers of West Bengal, India. METHODS Antiproliferative mechanisms of selected phyto-compound against K-562 cells were evaluated using cellular uptake, morphological changes, DNA fragmentation, mitochondrial membrane potential and signaling pathways analysis. KEY FINDINGS Vitexin exhibited cytotoxicity by reducing mitochondrial membrane potential (32.40%) and causing DNA fragmentation (84.15%). The western blotting study indicated inhibition of cell survival proteins (BCR, ABL, H-RAS, N-RAS, K-RAS and RAF) and expression of apoptotic proteins (p38, BAX and caspase-9) in leukemia cells upon treatment with vitexin. CONCLUSIONS Based on the results, presently investigated phyto-compound vitexin could be considered for developing safe and natural drugs to treat leukemia after conducting suitable preclinical and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monaj Kumar Sarkar
- Chemical Biology Lab (ASK-II-409), School of Chemical and Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Amrita Kar
- Medicinal Chemistry and Immunology Lab (ASK-II-406), School of Chemical and Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Adithyan Jayaraman
- Medicinal Chemistry and Immunology Lab (ASK-II-406), School of Chemical and Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Santanu Kar Mahapatra
- Medicinal Chemistry and Immunology Lab (ASK-II-406), School of Chemical and Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Vellingiri Vadivel
- Chemical Biology Lab (ASK-II-409), School of Chemical and Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
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40
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Xu C, Cao X, Cao X, Liu L, Qiu Y, Li X, Zhou L, Ning Y, Ren K, Cao J. Isovitexin Inhibits Stemness and Induces Apoptosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma SK-Hep-1 Spheroids by Upregulating miR-34a Expression. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 20:1654-1663. [PMID: 32329692 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200424123139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously demonstrated that isovitexin (apigenin-6-C-glucoside, ISOV) suppressed the stemness of human Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) cells. However, the mechanism of its action remains to be deciphered. OBJECTIVE The current study was to examine whether ISOV regulates the miR-34a expression and hence suppresses the stemness of HCC SK-Hep-1 cells. METHODS After identification of the stemness, apoptosis resistance and decreased miR-34a expression of spheres from SK-Hep-1 cells (SK-SC), we utilized transfection of a miR-34a mimic or inhibitor to investigate the effects of ISOV on miR-34a, Bcl-2, Bax and Mcl-1 expression in order to understand the mechanism underlying ISOV-mediated repression of stemness and promotion of apoptosis. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that SK-SC displayed higher stemness and resistance to apoptosis, as well as reduced miR-34a levels compared to SK-Hep-1 cells. ISOV suppressed sphere and colony formation, and decreased CD44+ cell populations. In addition, ABCG2, ALDH1, and NANOG mRNA levels were decreased, while there was a concomitant increase in miR-34a levels. With regards to apoptosis-related proteins, ISOV increased Bax protein levels, and reduced Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 protein levels in SK-SC. Importantly, there was a cooperative effect when miR-34a was overexpressed in the presence of ISOV in SK-SC, and down-regulation of miR-34a attenuated the effects of ISOV in SK-Hep-1 cells. CONCLUSION We suggest that ISOV-mediated miR-34a upregulation induces apoptosis and suppresses the stemness of SK-SC. Our data indicate that ISOV exhibits therapeutic potential for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discover of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China,Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha,
Hunan 410013, China
| | - Xiaocheng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discover of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China,Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha,
Hunan 410013, China
| | - XiaoZheng Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Clinical Medical School of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s
Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, China,Shenzhen Public Service Platform on Tumor Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis,
Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Lihua Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Clinical Medical School of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s
Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, China,Shenzhen Public Service Platform on Tumor Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis,
Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Yebei Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discover of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China,Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha,
Hunan 410013, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discover of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China,Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha,
Hunan 410013, China
| | - Lingli Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discover of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China,Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha,
Hunan 410013, China
| | - Yingxia Ning
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Kaiqun Ren
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discover of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China,Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha,
Hunan 410013, China
| | - Jianguo Cao
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discover of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China,Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha,
Hunan 410013, China
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Tlili H, Macovei A, Buonocore D, Lanzafame M, Najjaa H, Lombardi A, Pagano A, Dossena M, Verri M, Arfa AB, Neffati M, Doria E. The polyphenol/saponin-rich Rhus tripartita extract has an apoptotic effect on THP-1 cells through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:153. [PMID: 34044827 PMCID: PMC8161611 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03328-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hyperactivation of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is involved in the regulation of cellular growth, proliferation, and more in general, is a common phenomenon in most types of cancers. Thus, natural substances targeting this pathway can be of great therapeutic potential in supporting the treatment of tumor patients. Rhus tripartita (Ucria) Grande is a plant growing in desertic areas which is traditionally used for the treatment of several diseases in Tunisia. In the present work, the biochemical profile of the main compounds present in the plant leaf extract was determined and the anti-leukemic potential of the plant extracts against acute monocytic leukaemia (AML) THP-1 cells was investigated. Methods After HPLC identification of some phenolic compounds present in the plant extract and the quantification of saponin content, the cytotoxic effect of Rhus tripartita extracts on THP-1 cell culture was evaluated using the colorimetric MTT assay for cell viability. THP-1 cells were incubated with medium containing the relative IC50 concentrations of total plant extract, saponin extract and some standard compounds (rutin (R); kaempferol (K); mixture of catechin, epicatechin, and epicatechin-gallate (CEEG); ellagic acid (EA). Finally, qRT-PCR and western blotting analysis were used to evaluate the effect of some flavonoids present in a crude extract of polyphenols and the total extract of saponins on cell survival and apoptosis. Results Analysis of expression level of some gene (PIK3CA, PTEN, AKT1, mTOR, EIF4E, RPS6KB1, and TSC1) involved in the mTOR pathway and the phosphorylation of S6 and AKT proteins allowed to observe that a total Rhus tripartita extract and some of the compounds found in the extract controls THP-1 cell proliferation and apoptosis via regulation of the PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway. Conclusion Rhus tripartita-induced inhibition of cell cycle and induction of apoptosis may involve the mTOR pathway. Therefore, Rhus tripartita extract may be a useful candidate as a natural anti-cancer drug to support the treatment of AML. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-021-03328-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajer Tlili
- Laboratory of Pastoral Ecosystems and Valorization of Spontaneous Plants and Microorganisms, Institute of Arid Regions (IRA), Tunis, Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Anca Macovei
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniela Buonocore
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Hanen Najjaa
- Laboratory of Pastoral Ecosystems and Valorization of Spontaneous Plants and Microorganisms, Institute of Arid Regions (IRA), Tunis, Medenine, Tunisia
| | | | - Andrea Pagano
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maurizia Dossena
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Manuela Verri
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Abdelkarim Ben Arfa
- Laboratory of Pastoral Ecosystems and Valorization of Spontaneous Plants and Microorganisms, Institute of Arid Regions (IRA), Tunis, Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Neffati
- Laboratory of Pastoral Ecosystems and Valorization of Spontaneous Plants and Microorganisms, Institute of Arid Regions (IRA), Tunis, Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Enrico Doria
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
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Liu F, Yuan Q, Cao X, Zhang J, Cao J, Zhang J, Xia L. Isovitexin Suppresses Stemness of Lung Cancer Stem-Like Cells through Blockage of MnSOD/CaMKII/AMPK Signaling and Glycolysis Inhibition. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:9972057. [PMID: 34195288 PMCID: PMC8203360 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9972057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) has been reported to promote stemness of lung cancer stem-like cells (LCSLCs) which had higher glycolytic rates compared with non-CSLCs. Isovitexin exhibited an inhibitory effect on the stemness of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. However, whether isovitexin could inhibit the promotion of stemness of LCSLCs mediated by MnSOD through glycolysis remains unclear. OBJECTIVE Our study was aimed at investigating whether isovitexin inhibits lung cancer stem-like cells (LCSLCs) through MnSOD signaling blockage and glycolysis suppression. METHODS Sphere formation and soft agar assays were conducted to determine self-renewal ability. The migration and invasion of LCSLCs were determined by wound healing and transwell assay. The glycolytic activity was assessed by determination of L-lactate metabolism rate. The influences of isovitexin on MnSOD, CaMKII, and AMPK activations as well as the metabolic shift to glycolysis were determined by manipulating MnSOD expression. RESULTS It was found that MnSOD and glycolysis enhanced simultaneously in LCSLCs compared with parental H460 cells. Overexpression of MnSOD activated CaMKII/AMPK signaling and glycolysis in LCSLCs with increased self-renewal, migration, invasion, and expression of stemness-associated markers in vitro and elevated carcinogenicity in vivo. Knockdown of MnSOD induced an inverse effect in LCSLCs. Isovitexin blocked MnSOD/CaMKII/AMPK signaling axis and suppressed glycolysis in LCSLCs, resulting in inhibition of stemness features in LCSLCs. The knockdown of MnSOD significantly augmented isovitexin-associated inhibition of CaMKII/AMPK signaling, glycolysis, and stemness in LCSLCs. However, the overexpression of MnSOD could attenuate the inhibition of isovitexin on LCSLCs. Importantly, isovitexin notably suppressed tumor growth in nude mice bearing LCSLCs by downregulation of MnSOD expression. CONCLUSION MnSOD promotion of stemness of LCSLCs derived from H460 cell line is involved in the activation of the CaMKII/AMPK pathway and induction of glycolysis. Isovitexin-associated inhibition of stemness in LCSLCs is partly dependent on blockage of the MnSOD/CaMKII/AMPK signaling axis and glycolysis suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- Department of Preclinical Medicine, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410013, China
| | - Qing Yuan
- Department of Preclinical Medicine, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410013, China
| | - Xiaocheng Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Jinlin Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Jianguo Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Jiansong Zhang
- Department of Preclinical Medicine, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410013, China
| | - Liqiu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
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Nadeem S, Chen Z, Wei M, Li F, Ling D. Nanomedicine-induced pyroptosis for cancer therapy. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 16:1071-1074. [PMID: 33942673 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Nadeem
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Min Wei
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Fangyuan Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.,Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Daishun Ling
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.,Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
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Chen RL, Wang Z, Huang P, Sun CH, Yu WY, Zhang HH, Yu CH, He JQ. Isovitexin potentiated the antitumor activity of cisplatin by inhibiting the glucose metabolism of lung cancer cells and reduced cisplatin-induced immunotoxicity in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 94:107357. [PMID: 33715980 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The increased resistance and toxicity have become the main causes of chemotherapy failure for treating lung cancer. The combination of chemotherapeutic drugs with other agents has been recognized as a promising strategy to overcome these difficulties. Isovitexin (IVT) is a well-known flavone C-glycoside found in many plants and has attracted wide attention due to its obvious antitumor and antioxidant effects. In this study, we investigated the synergistic effects of IVX and cisplatin (DDP) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) A549 and H1975 cells. The results showed that the combined treatment with IVT and DDP markedly inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis of the two NSCLC cells. Using a mouse model of A549 xenograft, IVT potentiated the inhibition of DDP on tumor growth, but reduced DDP-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in mice. Remarkedly, IVT promoted lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and lectin- stimulated splenocyte proliferation, and enhance cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cell activities as well as the production of IL-2 and TNF-α. Furthermore, IVT significantly reduced glucose uptake, lactate production, and ATP production, and downregulated the protein expressions of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2)-mediated pathway in both A549 and H1975 cells. After the over-expression of PKM2 in the NSCLC cells, the synergistic antitumor effect of IVT and DDP was markedly weakened. Therefore, IVT not only inhibited cell proliferation and glucose metabolism via downregulating the expression of PKM2 to enhance the antitumor activity of DDP against lung cancer cells, and improved DDP-induced immunotoxicity in mice. It also presented a novel strategy to enhance the anti-tumor effect of platinum-based chemotherapy against NSCLC.
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MESH Headings
- Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Apigenin/pharmacology
- Apigenin/therapeutic use
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/immunology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Carrier Proteins/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cisplatin/pharmacology
- Cisplatin/therapeutic use
- Cytokines/immunology
- Down-Regulation/drug effects
- Drug Synergism
- Glucose/metabolism
- Humans
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Lactic Acid/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/immunology
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Membrane Proteins/immunology
- Mice, Nude
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Thyroid Hormones/immunology
- Thyroid Hormone-Binding Proteins
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Lin Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China; The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Ping Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310005, China
| | - Cai-Hua Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Wen-Ying Yu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences (Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Huan-Huan Zhang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences (Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Chen-Huan Yu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences (Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou 310013, China; Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Jia-Qi He
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China.
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Zhang Q, Fan Z, Xue W, Sun F, Zhu H, Huang D, Wang Z, Dong L. Vitexin regulates Epac and NLRP3 and ameliorates chronic cerebral hypoperfusion injury. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 99:1079-1087. [PMID: 33915055 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2021-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH), as a critical factor of chronic cerebrovascular diseases, has greatly influenced the health of patients with vascular dementia. Vitexin, a flavone C-glycoside (apigenin-8-C-β-D-glucopyranoside) that belongs to the flavone subclass of flavonoids, has been shown to possess antioxidant and anti-ischemic properties; however, the putative protective effects of vitexin on the CCH need further investigation. In the current study, the role of vitexin and its underlying mechanism were investigated with permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (2VO) in rats as well as mouse hippocampal neuronal (HT22) cells with oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) injury model. The results demonstrated that vitexin improved cognitive dysfunction as well as alleviated pathological neuronal damage in hematoxylin plus eosin (HE) and TUNEL results. The decreased levels of exchange protein directly activated by cAMP 1 (Epac1), Epac2, Ras-associated protein 1 (Rap1), and phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK) were reversed by vitexin in rats with CCH. Furthermore, this study indicated that vitexin alleviated CCH-induced inflammation injuries by reducing the expression of NOD-like receptor 3 (NLRP3), caspase-1, interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and cleaved caspase-3. In vitro, vitexin increased the expression of Epac1 and Epac2, decreased the activation of the NLRP3-mediated inflammation, and improved cell viability. Taken together, our findings suggest that vitexin can reduce the degree of the progressing pathological damage in the cortex and hippocampus and inhibit further deterioration of cognitive function in rats with CCH. Epac and NLRP3 can be regulated by vitexin in vivo and in vitro, which provides enlightenment for the protection of CCH injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research and Development of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhijia Fan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xue
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research and Development of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fanfan Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research and Development of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Huaqing Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Dake Huang
- Synthetic Laboratory of School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhicheng Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liuyi Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research and Development of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Drissi F, Lahfa F, Gonzalez T, Peiretti F, Tanti JF, Haddad M, Fabre N, Govers R. A Citrullus colocynthis fruit extract acutely enhances insulin-induced GLUT4 translocation and glucose uptake in adipocytes by increasing PKB phosphorylation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 270:113772. [PMID: 33418030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad is a common fruit in traditional medicine and used as remedy against various diseases, especially diabetes. Up to now, its anti-diabetic effects have been fully attributed to its enhancement of pancreatic insulin secretion. Whether C. colocynthis also ameliorates insulin action in peripheral tissues has not been investigated. AIM OF THE STUDY In the present study, using 3T3-L1 adipocytes as cell model, we have investigated whether colocynth fruit extracts affect insulin action. MATERIALS AND METHODS Various extracts were prepared from the C. colocynthis fruit and screened using a cell-based 96 well plate GLUT4 translocation assay. Promising extracts were further studied for their effects on glucose uptake and cell viability. The effect on insulin signal transduction was determined by Western blot and the molecular composition was established by LC-MS. RESULTS The ethyl acetate fractions of aqueous non-defatted extracts of seed and pulp, designated Sna1 and Pna1, acutely enhanced insulin-induced GLUT4 translocation. In accordance, both extracts increased insulin-stimulated cellular glucose uptake. Pna1, which displayed greater effects on GLUT4 and glucose uptake than Sna1, was further investigated and was demonstrated to increase GLUT4 translocation without changing the half-maximum dose (ED50) of insulin, nor changing GLUT4 translocation kinetics. At the molecular level, Pna1 was found to enhance insulin-induced PKB phosphorylation without changing phosphorylation of the insulin receptor. Pna1 appeared not to be toxic to cells and, like insulin, restored cell viability during serum starvation. By investigating the molecular composition of Pna1, nine compounds were identified that made up 87% of the mass of the extract, one of which is likely to be responsible for the insulin-enhancing effects of Pna1. CONCLUSIONS The C. colocynthis fruit possesses insulin-enhancing activity. This activity may explain in part its anti-diabetic effects in traditional medicine. It also identifies the C. colocynthis as a source of a potential novel insulin enhancer that may prove to be useful to reduce hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Drissi
- Department of Synthesis and Biological Activities, University of Abou Bekr Belkaïd, 119 13000, Tlemcen, Algeria.
| | - Farid Lahfa
- Department of Synthesis and Biological Activities, University of Abou Bekr Belkaïd, 119 13000, Tlemcen, Algeria.
| | - Teresa Gonzalez
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, 13385, Marseille, France.
| | - Franck Peiretti
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, 13385, Marseille, France.
| | - Jean-François Tanti
- Université Côte D'Azur, INSERM, C3M, Team "Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Obesity", 06204, Nice, France.
| | - Mohamed Haddad
- UMR 152 Pharma Dev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, 31400, Toulouse, France.
| | - Nicolas Fabre
- UMR 152 Pharma Dev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, 31400, Toulouse, France.
| | - Roland Govers
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, 13385, Marseille, France.
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Sabry OM, Sabry MO, El-Sonbaty SM, Meselhy KM. Eucalyptus kino: a treasure trove of polyphenols eradicating tumors in-vivo by elevating caspase-3 level, inhibiting TGF-β and NF-κb gene expression. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:2654-2659. [PMID: 33886378 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1916018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
30 secondary polyphenolic metabolites were characterised in Eucalyptus kino methanol extract using HPLC-MS/MS. The antitumor activity of the extract in combination with low level ionising radiation in female mice with solid tumors from inoculated Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells was investigated. Tumor cell-inoculated mice received daily extract doses (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kgBW) with or without a single exposure to 0.25 Gy γ-rays, and cis-platin as a reference anticancer drug. Changes in the tumor volume, oxidative state, levels of caspase-3, TGF-β and Nf-κB were assessed by q-PCR. Surprisingly, a dose of 200 mg/kg extract together with γ-radiation remarkably reduced the tumor volume, improved the oxidative and apoptotic biomarker levels. In conclusion, results showed that a combination of kino extract with low level γ-radiation synergistically reduced tumor progression due to the antioxidant and anti-proliferative activities of the polyphenolics in the extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar M Sabry
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo
| | - Miral O Sabry
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo
| | - Sawsan M El-Sonbaty
- Department of Radiation microbiology, The National center for radiation research and technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Egypt
| | - Khaled M Meselhy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo
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Chen Y, Wang B, Yuan X, Lu Y, Hu J, Gao J, Lin J, Liang J, Hou S, Chen S. Vitexin prevents colitis-associated carcinogenesis in mice through regulating macrophage polarization. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 83:153489. [PMID: 33571919 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with inflammatory bowel disease are at increased risks of developing ulcerative colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC). Vitexin can suppress the proliferation of colorectal carcinoma cells in vitro orin vivo. However, different from colorectal carcinoma, CAC is more consistent with the transformation from inflammation to cancer in clinical chronic IBD patients. Therefore, we aim to investigated that vitexin whether possess benefic effects on CAC mice. PURPOSE We aimed to determine the beneficial effects of vitexin on CAC mice and reveal its underlying mechanism. METHODS The mouse CAC model was induced by Azoxymethane and dextran sodium sulfate (AOM/DSS) and CAC mice were treated with vitexin. At the end of this study, inflammatory cytokines of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10 as well as nitric oxide (NO) were detected by kits after long-term treatment of vitexin. Pathological changes and macrophage polarization were determined by H&E and immunofluorescence in adjacent noncancerous tissue and carcinomatous tissue respectively of CAC mice. RESULTS Our results showed that oral administration of vitexin could significantly improve the clinical signs and symptoms of chronic colitis, relieve colon damage, regulate colonic inflammatory cytokines, as well as suppress tumor incidence and tumor burden. Interesting, vitexin caused a significant increase in serum level of NO and a higher content of NO in tumor tissue. In addition, vitexin significantly decreased M1 phenotype macrophages in the adjacent noncancerous tissue, while markedly up-regulated M1 macrophage polarization in the tumor tissue in the colon of CAC mice. CONCLUSION Vitexin can attenuate chronic colitis-associated carcinogenesis induced by AOM/DSS in mice and its protective effects are partly associated with its alternations in macrophage polarization in the inflammatory and tumor microenvironment .
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonger Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China
| | - Bingxin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, PR China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China
| | - Xin Yuan
- National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Guangzhou Branch), Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China
| | - Yingyu Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, PR China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China
| | - Jiliang Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China
| | - Jie Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China
| | - Jizong Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, PR China
| | - Jian Liang
- National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Guangzhou Branch), Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China
| | - Shaozhen Hou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China.
| | - Shuxian Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, PR China.
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Aboody MSA. Cytotoxic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of Celery (Apium graveolens L.). Bioinformation 2021; 17:147-156. [PMID: 34393430 PMCID: PMC8340686 DOI: 10.6026/97320630017147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Celery (Apium graveolens Linn, Family: Apiaceae) is a common edible herb used as a spice in the traditional medicine of several nations since time immemorial. The whole plant is extensively used in cooking as soups and salads. A. graveolens has various pharmacological properties such as anticancer, anti-obesity, anti-hepatotoxic, and antihypertensive agents. Hence, it is of interest to document the in vitro cytotoxic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity of A. graveolens. The plants were collected in the local market, shade dried, and different parts of the plants were extracted with 70% ethanol using a cold maceration process. Antioxidant tests were performed based on the various radical scavenging methods. Antimicrobial activity and MIC were completed using the respective cup-plate and two-fold serial dilution method. In vitro cytotoxic studies were achieved by the MTT; Sulphorhodamine B assayed total cell protein content. DLA and ESC cells determined the short-term toxicity. The leaf extract exhibited significant antioxidant properties against NO, DPPH, ABTS, LPO, and HPO methods. Thus, potential inhibition against Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and fungal strains within the MIC ranges of 250-500 µg/ml was observed. All the extracts of the plant presented in the study revealed greater cytotoxicity effects against five respective cancer cell lines, L6, Vero, BRL 3A, A-549, L929, and L-929 with the ranging of 443-168.5 µg/ml. Thus, we show that A. graveolens possess a potential cytotoxic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Saleh Al Aboody
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Al-Zulfi-, Majmaah University, Majmaah- 11952, Riyadh region Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Amin HIM, Hussain FHS, Najmaldin SK, Thu ZM, Ibrahim MF, Gilardoni G, Vidari G. Phytochemistry and Biological Activities of Iris Species Growing in Iraqi Kurdistan and Phenolic Constituents of the Traditional Plant Iris postii. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020264. [PMID: 33430398 PMCID: PMC7827031 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A dozen Iris species (Iridaceae) are considered traditional remedies in Kurdistan, especially for treating inflammations. Phytochemical studies are still scarce. The information reported in the literature about Iris species growing in Kurdistan has been summarized in the first part of this paper, although, except for Iris persica, investigations have been performed on vegetal samples collected in countries different from Kurdistan. In the second part of the work, we have investigated, for the first time, the contents of the methanolic extracts of Iris postii aerial parts and rhizomes that were collected in Kurdistan. Both extracts exhibited a significant dose-dependent free radical scavenging and total antioxidant activities, comparable to those of ascorbic acid. Medium-pressure liquid chromatographic separations of the two extracts afforded l-tryptophan, androsin, isovitexin, swertisin, and 2″-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl swertisin from the aerial parts, whereas ε-viniferin, trans-resveratrol 3,4′-O-di-β-d-glucopyranoside, and isotectorigenin were isolated from the rhizomes. This is the first finding of the last three metabolites from an Iris species. The various remarkable biological activities of isolated compounds scientifically sustain the traditional use of I. postii as a medicinal plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hawraz Ibrahim M. Amin
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil 44001, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
- Correspondence: (H.I.M.A.); (G.V.); Tel.: +39-380-6359340 (H.I.M.A.); +39-334-3782582 (G.V.)
| | - Faiq H. S. Hussain
- Medical Analysis Department, Faculty of Science, Tishk International University, Erbil 44001, Kurdistan Region, Iraq;
| | - Soran K. Najmaldin
- Biology Department, Faculty of Education, Tishk International University, Erbil 44001, Kurdistan Region, Iraq;
| | - Zaw Min Thu
- Department of Chemistry, Kalay University, Kalay 03044, Myanmar;
| | | | - Gianluca Gilardoni
- Departamento de Química y Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Calle Marcelino Champagnat s/n, Loja 110107, Ecuador;
| | - Giovanni Vidari
- Medical Analysis Department, Faculty of Science, Tishk International University, Erbil 44001, Kurdistan Region, Iraq;
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence: (H.I.M.A.); (G.V.); Tel.: +39-380-6359340 (H.I.M.A.); +39-334-3782582 (G.V.)
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