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Fischetti F, Pepe I, Greco G, Ranieri M, Poli L, Cataldi S, Vimercati L. Ten-Minute Physical Activity Breaks Improve Attention and Executive Functions in Healthcare Workers. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2024; 9:102. [PMID: 38921638 PMCID: PMC11205001 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk9020102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Occupational health is a major problem in modern work environments. Physical activity breaks (PABs), short exercise periods delivered during working hours, incorporating exergames or outdoor activities, have emerged as a novel approach that could be used to improve work efficiency and workplace wellbeing. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of PABs on attention levels and executive functions in healthcare workers. A total of 27 healthcare workers (M = 14, W = 13; 49.55 ± 12.46 years), after 4 h of work, randomly performed one of three 10 min conditions weekly in a counterbalanced order: No Physical Activity Break (NPAB); Outdoor Physical Activity Break (OPAB); Physical Activity Break with Exergame (PABEx). After the conditions, executive functions and selective attention were assessed by the Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT), and the Trail Making A,B test (TMT A,B), respectively. Significant differences between OPAB and NPAB as well as between PABEx and NPAB in the TMT-A test χ2(2) = 44.66 (p < 0.001) and TMT-B test χ2(2) = 48.67 (p < 0.001) were found, respectively. TMT-A and SCWT interference/time scores of the PABEx and OPAB conditions were significantly lower than those of NPAB (p < 0.001). In the SCWT interference/error score, no significant difference was found between the PABEx and NPAB (p > 0.05), but the score was statistically lower in the OPAB condition than PABEx (p = 0.001) and PABEx condition compared to OPAB for TMT-A (p = 0.001). Findings showed that the OPAB and PABEx conditions are effective in improving selective attention and executive functions in healthcare workers. Employers can foster a healthier and more productive workforce by promoting a culture of movement and prioritizing employee health, which in turn can enhance patient care outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Fischetti
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of Study of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (F.F.); (I.P.); (M.R.); (L.P.)
| | - Ilaria Pepe
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of Study of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (F.F.); (I.P.); (M.R.); (L.P.)
| | - Gianpiero Greco
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of Study of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (F.F.); (I.P.); (M.R.); (L.P.)
| | - Maurizio Ranieri
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of Study of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (F.F.); (I.P.); (M.R.); (L.P.)
| | - Luca Poli
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of Study of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (F.F.); (I.P.); (M.R.); (L.P.)
| | - Stefania Cataldi
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of Study of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (F.F.); (I.P.); (M.R.); (L.P.)
| | - Luigi Vimercati
- Section of Occupational Medicine, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Study of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;
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Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Yang B, Li S, Jia R. Circulating levels of asprosin in children with obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Endocr Disord 2024; 24:36. [PMID: 38475734 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-024-01565-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior studies reported that elevated asprosin level was associated with obesity in adults and animal models. However, the relationship between asprosin level and children with obeisty remains controversial. The aim of our analysis was to systematically review available literatures linking asprosin and children with obesity for a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between circulating asprosin level and obesity in children. METHODS Eight databases were gleaned for studies published up to January 2024. Standard mean difference with 95% confidence interval (CI) and Fisher's Z transformation was calculated to evaluate the relationship between asprosin level and children with obesity using the Review Manager 5.4 Software. Other indicators were measured via mean difference with 95% CI. RESULTS Six observational studies were included both in systematic review and meta-analysis. The current evidence indicated that no significant difference was observed in the level of circulating asprosin between the children with and without obesity (SMD = 0.37; 95% CI:-0.22-0.95, p = 0.22). However, Fisher's Z transformation suggested the positive association of circulating asprosin levels and clinical index measuring the degree of obesity: total cholesterol (Fisher's Z: 0.11, 95% CI: 0.02-0.20, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Circulating asprosin level was not independently related to childhood obesity currently. More rigorous longitudinal researches were required to disentangle the causations. However, the positive association of asprosin levels and total cholesterol indicated that asprosin might get involved in the lipid-metabolism of childhood obesity, asprosin might be a prospective bio-index and targeted treatment of total cholesterol metabolism besides the role of glucogenic and orexigenic. TRIAL REGISTRATION Prospero ID: CRD42023426476.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710004, China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710004, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710004, China
| | - Yifei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710004, China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710004, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710004, China
| | - Bao Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710000, China
| | - Simin Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710000, China
| | - Ru Jia
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710004, China.
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710004, China.
- Department of Digital Oral Implantology and Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710004, China.
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Sadeghi O, Eshaghian N, Keshteli AH, Askari G, Esmaillzadeh A, Adibi P. Association of combined healthy lifestyle with general and abdominal obesity. Front Nutr 2024; 10:1332234. [PMID: 38292697 PMCID: PMC10824837 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1332234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Data linking joint healthy lifestyle factors to general and abdominal obesity are scarce, in particular in the Middle East. The aim of this study was to examine the association of combined healthy lifestyle factors with general and abdominal obesity in a large population of Iranian adults. Methods This cross-sectional study was done on 3,172 Iranian adults aged ≥18 years. We constructed healthy lifestyle score using information on dietary intakes, physical activity, smoking status, and psychological distress. To evaluate components of healthy lifestyle, we applied a validated 106-item semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), General Practice Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPPAQ), General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), and other pre-tested questionnaires. General obesity was defined as having a body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2 and abdominal obesity as a waist circumference (WC) of ≥102 cm in men and ≥88 cm in women. Results Mean age of participants was 36.54 ± 7.97 years. General and abdominal obesity were prevalent among 8.7% and 21.5% of study participants, respectively. Linear analysis showed a significant positive relationship between healthy lifestyle score and BMI among men (β: 0.30, 95% CI: 0.05, 0.54). However, no significant association was found between healthy lifestyle and abdominal obesity in men. Among women, one score increase in healthy lifestyle score was associated with a reduction of 0.65 cm in WC. In terms of individual components of healthy lifestyle, we found that low-distressed women had lower odds of abdominal obesity compared with high-distressed women. Conclusion We found a significant inverse association between healthy lifestyle and WC among women. However, healthy lifestyle was positively associated with BMI among men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Sadeghi
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Niloofar Eshaghian
- Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Gholamreza Askari
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peyman Adibi
- Integrative Functional Gastroenterology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Swaray SM, Tetteh J, Djonor SK, Ekem-Ferguson G, Clottey RY, Yacoba A, Yawson AE. Changes in trends and patterns of glycaemic control at Ghana's National Diabetes Management and Research Centre during the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0002024. [PMID: 37315063 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maintaining optimal glycaemic control (GC) delays the onset and progression of diabetes-related complications, especially microvascular complications. We aimed to establish the trend and pattern of GC, and its associated factors in persons living with diabetes (PLWD), and to examine the influence of COVID-19 on GC. METHODS A retrospective study involving secondary data from 2,593 patients' physical records from the National Diabetes Management and Research Centre (NDMRC) in Accra, extracted from 2015-2021. Growth rate of GC was assessed, and ordinal logistic and Poisson models weighted with Mahalanobis distance matching within propensity caliper were adopted to assess the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on GC. Stata 16.1 was utilized and the significant value set as p≤0.05. RESULTS GC pattern indicated a steady deterioration ranging from 38.6% (95%CI = 34.5-42.9) in 2015 to 69.2% (95%CI = 63.5-74.4) in 2021. The overall growth from 2015-2021 was 8.7%. Being a woman and increasing diastolic pressure significantly increase the likelihood of poor glycaemic control (PGC) by 22% and 25%, respectively compared with their respective counterparts [aOR(95%CI = 1.01-1.46 and 1.25(1.10-1.41), respectively]; whilst lower age increased the risk of PGC throughout the years. We found that risk of PGC during the era of COVID-19 was approximately 1.57(95%CI = 1.08-2.30) times significant, whilst the adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) of PGC during the era of COVID-19 was approximately 64% significantly higher than the era without COVID-19 (aPR = 1.64, 95%CI = 1.10-2.43). CONCLUSION GC worsened from 2015-2021, especially during the COVID era. Younger age, uncontrolled blood pressure and/or being a woman were associated with PGC. The NDMRC and other centres that provide specialist healthcare in resource-limited settings, must determine the factors that militate against optimal service delivery in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic, and implement measures that would improve resilience in provision of essential care in the face of shocks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Tetteh
- Department of Community Health, University of Ghana Medical School, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - George Ekem-Ferguson
- National Cardiothoracic Centre, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Psychiatry, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Ruth Yawa Clottey
- National Diabetes Management and Research Centre, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Atiase Yacoba
- National Diabetes Management and Research Centre, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Alfred Edwin Yawson
- Department of Community Health, University of Ghana Medical School, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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Replication and mediation of the association between the metabolome and clinical markers of metabolic health in an adolescent cohort study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3296. [PMID: 36841863 PMCID: PMC9968318 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30231-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics-derived metabolites (henceforth metabolites) may mediate the relationship between modifiable risk factors and clinical biomarkers of metabolic health (henceforth clinical biomarkers). We set out to study the associations of metabolites with clinical biomarkers and a potential mediation effect in a population of young adults. First, we conducted a systematic literature review searching for metabolites associated with 11 clinical biomarkers (inflammation markers, glucose, blood pressure or blood lipids). Second, we replicated the identified associations in a study population of n = 218 (88 males and 130 females, average age of 18 years) participants of the DONALD Study. Sex-stratified linear regression models adjusted for age and BMI and corrected for multiple testing were calculated. Third, we investigated our previously reported metabolites associated with anthropometric and dietary factors mediators in sex-stratified causal mediation analysis. For all steps, both urine and blood metabolites were considered. We found 41 metabolites in the literature associated with clinical biomarkers meeting our inclusion criteria. We were able to replicate an inverse association of betaine with CRP in women, between body mass index and C-reactive protein (CRP) and between body fat and leptin. There was no evidence of mediation by lifestyle-related metabolites after correction for multiple testing. We were only able to partially replicate previous findings in our age group and did not find evidence of mediation. The complex interactions between lifestyle factors, the metabolome, and clinical biomarkers warrant further investigation.
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Karppinen JE, Juppi HK, Hintikka J, Wiklund P, Haapala EA, Hyvärinen M, Tammelin TH, Aukee P, Kujala UM, Laukkanen J, Laakkonen EK. Associations of resting and peak fat oxidation with sex hormone profile and blood glucose control in middle-aged women. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:2157-2167. [PMID: 35752543 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Menopause may reduce fat oxidation. We investigated whether sex hormone profile explains resting fat oxidation (RFO) or peak fat oxidation (PFO) during incremental cycling in middle-aged women. Secondarily, we studied associations of RFO and PFO with glucose regulation. METHOD AND RESULTS We measured RFO and PFO of 42 women (age 52-58 years) with indirect calorimetry. Seven participants were pre- or perimenopausal, 26 were postmenopausal, and nine were postmenopausal hormone therapy users. Serum estradiol (E2), follicle-stimulating hormone, progesterone, and testosterone levels were quantified with immunoassays. Insulin sensitivity (Matsuda index) and glucose tolerance (area under the curve) were determined by glucose tolerance testing. Body composition was assessed with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; physical activity with self-report and accelerometry; and diet, with food diaries. Menopausal status or sex hormone levels were not associated with the fat oxidation outcomes. RFO determinants were fat mass (β = 0.44, P = 0.006) and preceding energy intake (β = -0.40, P = 0.019). Cardiorespiratory fitness (β = 0.59, P = 0.002), lean mass (β = 0.49, P = 0.002) and physical activity (self-reported β = 0.37, P = 0.020; accelerometer-measured β = 0.35, P = 0.024) explained PFO. RFO and PFO were not related to insulin sensitivity. Higher RFO was associated with poorer glucose tolerance (β = 0.52, P = 0.002). CONCLUSION Among studied middle-aged women, sex hormone profile did not explain RFO or PFO, and higher fat oxidation capacity did not indicate better glucose control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jari E Karppinen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Hanna-Kaarina Juppi
- Gerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jukka Hintikka
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Petri Wiklund
- Exercise Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Huawei Helsinki R&D Center, Huawei Technologies Ltd, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero A Haapala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland; Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Matti Hyvärinen
- Gerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | | | - Pauliina Aukee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Central Finland Health Care District, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Urho M Kujala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jari Laukkanen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland; Department of Internal Medicine, Central Finland Healthcare District, Jyväskylä, Finland; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Eija K Laakkonen
- Gerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Diaz EC, Williams DK, Cotter M, Sims CR, Wolfe RR, Andres A, Børsheim E. Breastfeeding duration modifies the association between maternal weight status and offspring dietary palmitate oxidation. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 116:404-414. [PMID: 35404455 PMCID: PMC9348976 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Offspring of obese rodents develop a metabolic phenotype that favors fat deposition. Data regarding the impact of maternal obesity programing of offspring fuel usage in humans is scarce. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to explore the association between maternal weight status and dietary palmitate oxidation (DPO) in 2-y-old offspring, taking into consideration potential confounders and modifiers. METHODS Women (n = 56) were enrolled by the first trimester of gestation. Maternal physical activity (PA; measured with accelerometers) at enrollment and gestational weight gain (GWG) were measured. Offspring sex, race, and breastfeeding (BF) duration were self-reported. Human milk (HM) composition was determined at 6 mo postpartum. At age 2 y, dietary quality [healthy eating index (HEI)] and parental feeding practices [Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ)] were assessed. DPO in 2-y-olds (2-yo-DPO) was measured using deuterated palmitic acid. Generalized linear regression analysis was used to model the associations of 2-yo-DPO with maternal weight status [normal weight (NW), BMI <25 (in kg/m2) compared with excessive weight (EW), BMI ≥25]. RESULTS DPO was higher in offspring of women with EW compared with NW (2.1 ± 1.2%/h compared with 1.4 ± 0.7%/h, P = 0.03). Maternal weight status interacted with BF duration in association with 2-yo-DPO (log ß: 0.05, P = 0.04). Specifically, 2-yo-DPO was higher in the EW compared with NW group if BF duration was ≥9 mo. HM insulin (log ß: 0.35, P = 0.002) and HM leptin (log ß: 0.81, P = 0.001) concentrations directly associated with 2-yo-DPO. PA (log ß: 0.06, P = 0.013), parental feeding restriction (log ß: 0.05, P < 0.0001), and male sex (log ß: 0.54, P < 0.001) were positively associated with 2-yo-DPO. HEI was negatively associated with 2-yo-DPO (log ß:-0.03, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Higher 2-yo-DPO in offspring of women with EW compared with NW were driven by BF duration. Higher HM insulin and leptin concentrations in women with EW may explain these finding. More studies are needed to confirm these results. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03281850.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva C Diaz
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Colleges of Medicine and Public Health, Little Rock, AR, USA
- UAMS, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - David K Williams
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Colleges of Medicine and Public Health, Little Rock, AR, USA
- UAMS, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Matthew Cotter
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Clark R Sims
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA
- UAMS, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Robert R Wolfe
- UAMS, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Department of Geriatrics/Reynolds Institute on Aging, Colleges of Medicine and Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Aline Andres
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Little Rock, AR, USA
- UAMS, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Elisabet Børsheim
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Little Rock, AR, USA
- UAMS, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Department of Geriatrics/Reynolds Institute on Aging, Colleges of Medicine and Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA, Little Rock, AR, USA
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Ozcan S, Ulker N, Bulmus O, Yardimci A, Ozcan M, Canpolat S. The modulatory effects of irisin on asprosin, leptin, glucose levels and lipid profile in healthy and obese male and female rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:724-731. [PMID: 32027180 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1722706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The main aim of this study was to investigate the effects of irisin on asprosin, leptin, glucose levels and lipid profile in healthy and obese male and female rats. METHODS Irisin was subcutaneously administered with osmotic minipumps at the dose of 100 ng/kg/day for 28 days and then, the serum levels of asprosin, leptin, glucose and lipid profile were investigated. RESULTS Irisin infusion increased asprosin levels in male rats (p = .02) but not in female rats. Irisin inhibited obesity-induced high glucose, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride (TG) and leptin levels in all groups; however, it did not lead to any change in asprosin levels in both obese female and male rats. CONCLUSIONS It was determined that irisin increased serum asprosin levels and decreased LDL, TG, glucose and leptin levels, and this could indicate a protective role of irisin against obesity development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Ozcan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Nazife Ulker
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Bulmus
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Yardimci
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Mete Ozcan
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Sinan Canpolat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
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Pyo S, Kim J, Hwang J, Heo JH, Kim K, Cho SR. Environmental Enrichment and Estrogen Upregulate Beta-Hydroxybutyrate Underlying Functional Improvement. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:869799. [PMID: 35592114 PMCID: PMC9113201 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.869799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental enrichment (EE) is a promising therapeutic strategy in improving metabolic and neuronal responses, especially due to its non-invasive nature. However, the exact mechanism underlying the sex-differential effects remains unclear. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of EE on metabolism, body composition, and behavioral phenotype based on sex. Long-term exposure to EE for 8 weeks induced metabolic changes and fat reduction. In response to the change in metabolism, the level of βHB were influenced by sex and EE possibly in accordance to the phases of estrogen cycle. The expression of β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB)-related genes and proteins such as monocarboxylate transporters, histone deacetylases (HDAC), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were significantly regulated. In cerebral cortex and hippocampus, EE resulted in a significant increase in the level of βHB and a significant reduction in HDAC, consequently enhancing BDNF expression. Moreover, EE exerted significant effects on motor and cognitive behaviors, indicating a significant functional improvement in female mice under the condition that asserts the influence of estrogen cycle. Using an ovariectomized mice model, the effects of EE and estrogen treatment proved the hypothesis that EE upregulates β-hydroxybutyrate and BDNF underlying functional improvement in female mice. The above findings demonstrate that long-term exposure to EE can possibly alter metabolism by increasing the level of βHB, regulate the expression of βHB-related proteins, and improve behavioral function as reflected by motor and cognitive presentation following the changes in estrogen level. This finding may lead to a marked improvement in metabolism and neuroplasticity by EE and estrogen level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soonil Pyo
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joohee Kim
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jihye Hwang
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Heo
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Graduate Program of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyungri Kim
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-Rae Cho
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Graduate Program of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Rehabilitation Institute of Neuromuscular Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Sung-Rae Cho
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Kapoor N, Arora S, Kalra S. Gender Disparities in People Living with Obesity - An Unchartered Territory. J Midlife Health 2021; 12:103-107. [PMID: 34526743 PMCID: PMC8409720 DOI: 10.4103/jmh.jmh_48_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Gender is an important risk factor for the development of obesity. Female gender is associated with twice the risk of being overweight or having obesity. Women are also at higher risk for developing obesity-related physical and psychological comorbidities and have a twofold higher mortality risk than overweight men. Several risk factors have been described to explain the gender bias associated with an obese phenotype and these disparities have far-reaching implications on the medical, psychosocial, and the economical impact of an individual. Despite extensive awareness about gender differences related to obesity, this is still considered as an unchartered territory in obesity medicine. This is probably because of the complex multiple dimensions involved with the understanding of subject coupled with the lack of composite outcomes measures that could assist in the study of these factors. In this scoping review, we share the existing literature regarding the magnitude of gender disparities and gender discrimination in people living with obesity. We describe key factors leading to this gender bias and the impact of this discrimination on the psychological, social, and metabolic health of a given individual with obesity. We also discuss the possible implications of gender disparities on treatment of obesity which may help reduce the current mortality gap between overweight women and men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Kapoor
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.,Noncommunicable Disease Unit, The Nossal Institute for Global Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Saurabh Arora
- Department of Endocrinology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Sanjay Kalra
- Department of Endocrinology, Bharti Hospital, Karnal, Haryana, India
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Santos-Lozano A, Barrán AT, Fernández-Navarro P, Valenzuela PL, Castillo-Garcia A, Ruilope LM, Ríos Insua D, Ordovas JM, Ley V, Lucia A. Association between physical activity and cardiovascular risk factors: Dose and sex matter. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2021; 10:604-606. [PMID: 33722759 PMCID: PMC8500806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Santos-Lozano
- i+HeALTH, Department of Health Sciences, European University Miguel de Cervantes, Valladolid 47012, Spain; Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12, PaHerg group), and (CIBER en Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable - CIBEFES), Madrid 28041, Spain.
| | | | - Pablo Fernández-Navarro
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid 28029, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Pedro L Valenzuela
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Alcalá, Madrid 28801, Spain
| | | | - Luis M Ruilope
- Hypertension Unit and Cardiorenal Translational Laboratory, Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid 28041, Spain
| | - David Ríos Insua
- Institute of Mathematical Sciences (ICMAT-CSIC), Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - José M Ordovas
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Victoria Ley
- Spanish State Research Agency, Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, Madrid 28046, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12, PaHerg group), and (CIBER en Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable - CIBEFES), Madrid 28041, Spain; Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid 28670, Spain
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12
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Badau D, Badau A, Trambitas C, Trambitas-Miron D, Moraru R, Stan AA, Oancea BM, Turcu I, Grosu EF, Grosu VT, Daina LG, Daina CM, Suteu CL, Moraru L. Differences between Active and Semi-Active Students Regarding the Parameters of Body Composition Using Bioimpedance and Magnetic Bioresonance Technologies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18157906. [PMID: 34360200 PMCID: PMC8345541 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18157906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to identify differences in obesity-related parameters between active sports students and semi-active or sedentary students, differentiated by sex, in order to optimize health. The study sample included 286 students, of which the male experimental sample consisted of 86 active sports students, age X ± SD 21.25 ± 0.32 years; height X ± SD 181.08 ± 3.52 cm; control group consisting of 89 semi-active students aged X ± SD 21.07 ± 0.1.13 years; height X ± SD 182.11 ± 1.32. The female experimental sample includes 57 active sports students, age X ± SD 21.02 ± 0.92 years; height X ± SD 167.48 ± 1.34 cm; the control group includes 54 semi-active students aged X ± SD 21.57 ± 0.1.98 years; height X ± SD 168.42 ± 1.76. The study used a thalliometer, Tanita Health Ware software and Quantum Resonance Magnetic Analyzer equipment to investigate height (cm), Body Mass Index (BMI), muscle mass (kg, %), as well as the obesity analysis report, and componential analysis of body and nourishment. The differences registered between the samples of active and semi-active sports subjects were predominantly statistically significant for p < 0.05. The differences registered between the samples of active and semi-active sports subjects were predominantly statistically significant for p < 0.05. The most important parameters regarding obesity and body composition that registered significant differences between the two male groups were in favor of the group of active athletes: triglyceride content of abnormal coefficient 0.844 (CI95% 0.590–1.099), abnormal lipid metabolism coefficient 0.798 (CI95% 1.091–0.504), obesity degree of body (ODB %) 10.290 (CI95% 6.610–13.970), BMI 2.326 (CI95% 1.527–3.126), body fat (kg) 2.042 (CI95% 0.918–3.166), muscle volume (kg) 2.565 (CI95% 1.100–4.031), Lean body weight (kg) 2.841 (CI95% 5.265–0.418). In the case of female samples, the group of active sportswomen registered the biggest differences compared to the group of students who were significantly active in the parameters: abnormal lipid metabolism coefficient 1.063 (CI95% 1.380–0.746), triglyceride content of abnormal coefficient 0.807 (CI95% 0.437–1.178), obesity degree of body (ODB%) 8.082 (CI95% 2.983–13.181), BMI 2.285 (CI95% 1.247–3.324), body fat (kg) 2.586 (CI95% 0.905–4.267), muscle volume (kg) 2.570 (CI95% 0.154–4.985), lean body weight (kg) 4.118 (CI95% 1.160–7.077). The results of the study directly facilitate the understanding of the complexity of the impact of obesity on multiple parameters of body composition and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Badau
- “Petru Maior” Faculty of Sciences and Letters, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
| | - Adela Badau
- “Petru Maior” Faculty of Sciences and Letters, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (C.T.)
| | - Cristian Trambitas
- Faculty of Medicine, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (D.T.-M.); (R.M.); (A.A.S.); (L.M.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (C.T.)
| | - Dia Trambitas-Miron
- Faculty of Medicine, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (D.T.-M.); (R.M.); (A.A.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Raluca Moraru
- Faculty of Medicine, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (D.T.-M.); (R.M.); (A.A.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Alexandru Antoniu Stan
- Faculty of Medicine, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (D.T.-M.); (R.M.); (A.A.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Bogdan Marian Oancea
- Faculty of Physical Education and Mountain Sports, Transilvania University, 500068 Brasov, Romania; (B.M.O.); (I.T.)
| | - Ioan Turcu
- Faculty of Physical Education and Mountain Sports, Transilvania University, 500068 Brasov, Romania; (B.M.O.); (I.T.)
| | - Emilia Florina Grosu
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, “Babes Bolyai” University, 540142 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Vlad Teodor Grosu
- Faculty of Automotive Mechatronics and Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Lucia Georgeta Daina
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (L.G.D.); (C.M.D.); (C.L.S.)
| | - Cristian Marius Daina
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (L.G.D.); (C.M.D.); (C.L.S.)
| | - Corina Lacramioara Suteu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (L.G.D.); (C.M.D.); (C.L.S.)
| | - Liviu Moraru
- Faculty of Medicine, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (D.T.-M.); (R.M.); (A.A.S.); (L.M.)
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Correlation Between Heart Rate at Maximal Fat Oxidation and Aerobic Threshold in Healthy Adolescent Boys and Girls. Pediatr Exerc Sci 2021; 33:139-143. [PMID: 33958504 DOI: 10.1123/pes.2020-0210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the association between the heart rate (HR) at maximal fat oxidation (MFO) and the HR at the aerobic threshold (AerT) in adolescent boys and girls, and to identify sex differences in the intensity that elicits MFO (Fatmax) as a percentage of HR peak (HRpeak). METHODS Fifty-eight healthy adolescents participated in this study (29 boys and 29 girls). Participants performed a cardiopulmonary exercise test on a cycle ergometer. MFO was calculated using a stoichiometric equation, and the AerT was identified using gas exchange parameters. RESULTS A strong correlation between HR at Fatmax and HR at AerT was found in both boys and girls (r = .96 and .94, respectively). Fatmax as a percentage of HRpeak occurred at 61.0% (4.9%) of HRpeak and 66.8% (6.9%) of HRpeak in adolescent boys and girls (P = .001, F = 13.6), respectively. MFO was higher in boys compared with girls (324 [150] and 240 [95] mg/min, respectively), and no sex differences were observed in the relative contribution of fat to energy expenditure at Fatmax. CONCLUSIONS HR at Fatmax and HR at AerT were highly correlated in adolescent boys and girls. Girls obtained Fatmax at a higher percentage of HRpeak than boys.
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Mohd-Sidik S, Lekhraj R, Foo CN. Prevalence, Associated Factors and Psychological Determinants of Obesity among Adults in Selangor, Malaysia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:868. [PMID: 33498401 PMCID: PMC7908089 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18030868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pervasiveness of obesity is a growing concern in the world. This study aims to determine the prevalence of obesity among a segment of the Malaysian population, as well as investigate associated factors and psychological determinants of obesity. METHODS A cross-sectional study design was carried out in Selangor, Malaysia. A total of 1380 Malaysian adults (≥18 years old) participated in a structured and validated questionnaire survey. TANITA body scale and SECA 206 body meter were used to measure the respondents' weight and height, from which measurements of their body mass index (BMI) were calculated. RESULTS The overall prevalence of obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) among adults in Selangor, Malaysia, was 18.6%. Factors significantly associated with increased risk of obesity were: being female (OR = 1.61, 95% CI [1.20-2.17]), aged between 30 to 39 years old (OR = 1.40, 95% CI [1.04-1.88]), being Indian (OR = 1.55, 95% CI [1.13-2.12]), married (OR = 1.37, 95% CI [1.03-1.83]), and having only primary school education (OR = 1.80, 95% CI [1.17-2.78] or secondary school education (OR = 1.37, 95% CI [1.04-1.81]). In the multiple linear regression analysis (stepwise method), perceived stress (B = -0.107, p = 0.041), suicidal ideation (B = -2.423, p = 0.003), and quality of life in the physical health domain (B = -0.350, p = 0.003) inversely and significantly contributed to BMI among males. Among females, stressful life events contributed positively to BMI (B = 0.711, p < 0.001, whereas quality of life in the psychological domain had a negative effect (B = -0.478, p < 0.001) in this respect. CONCLUSION There is an urgent need to integrate psychological approaches to enhance the effectiveness of obesity prevention strategies and weight-loss programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherina Mohd-Sidik
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Rampal Lekhraj
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Chai Nien Foo
- Department of Population Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
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15
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Can Figen C, Noyan T, Özdemir Ö. The investigation effect of weight loss on serum vaspin, apelin-13, and obestatin levels in obese individual. TURKISH JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/tjb-2019-0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
It was aimed to investigate if there were any significant corresponding changes on adipokine levels in obese subjects who achieved a 10% reduction in body weight.
Methods
Thirty obese and 25 healthy adults were enrolled in present study, and serum levels of vaspin, apelin-13, obestatin, and insulin were determined with the ELISA method.
Results
The serum obestatin and apelin-13 values of the obese group obtained as basal and after weight loss was significantly lower than in controls (p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.01, p<0.05, respectively); however, weight loss did not cause significant changes on these parameters in obese groups (p>0.05). The vaspin level did not differ between the groups (p>0.05). The obese group had characterized increased serum insulin and insulin resistance assessment by the homeostatic assay (HOMA-IR) levels compared to controls (p<0.01, p<0.05, respectively); also, weight loss caused a significant decrease in these parameters compared to basal levels (p<0.01). No significant correlation was detected among the vaspin, apelin-13 and obestatin levels in the obese group (p>0.05).
Conclusions
Obese individuals exhibited decreased levels of apelin-13 and obestatin. Moreover, 10% weight loss caused a significant reduction of insulin resistance, but no significant change was detected on apelin-13, obestatin, and vaspin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cansu Can Figen
- Ordu University , Faculty of Medicine , Department of Biochemistry , Ordu , Turkey
| | - Tevfik Noyan
- Ordu University , Faculty of Medicine , Department of Biochemistry , Ordu , Turkey
| | - Özlem Özdemir
- Ordu University , Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine , Ordu , Turkey
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16
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Isacco L, Ennequin G, Boisseau N. Effect of Fat Mass Localization on Fat Oxidation During Endurance Exercise in Women. Front Physiol 2020; 11:585137. [PMID: 33192597 PMCID: PMC7642265 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.585137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Independent of total body fat mass, predominant upper body fat mass distribution is strongly associated with cardio-metabolic comorbidities. However, the mechanisms underlying fat mass localization are not fully understood. Although a large body of evidence indicates sex-specific fat mass distribution, women are still excluded from many physiological studies and their specific features have been investigated only in few studies. Moreover, endurance exercise is an effective strategy for improving fat oxidation, suggesting that regular endurance exercise could contribute to the management of body composition and metabolic health. However, no firm conclusion has been reached on the effect of fat mass localization on fat oxidation during endurance exercise. By analyzing the available literature, this review wants to determine the effect of fat mass localization on fat oxidation rate during endurance exercise in women, and to identify future research directions to advance our knowledge on this topic. Despite a relatively limited level of evidence, the analyzed studies indicate that fat oxidation during endurance exercise is higher in women with lower upper-to-lower-body fat mass ratio than in women with higher upper-to-lower-body fat mass ratio. Interestingly, obesity may blunt the specific effect of upper and lower body fat mass distribution on fat oxidation observed in women with normal weight during endurance exercise. Studying and understanding the physiological responses of women to exercise are essential to develop appropriate physical activity strategies and ultimately to improve the prevention and treatment of cardio-metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Isacco
- EA3920 Prognostic Markers and Regulatory Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases and Exercise Performance Health Innovation Platform, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.,Adaptations Métaboliques à l'Exercice en Conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Gaël Ennequin
- Adaptations Métaboliques à l'Exercice en Conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nathalie Boisseau
- Adaptations Métaboliques à l'Exercice en Conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Caldwell AE, Zaman A, Ostendorf DM, Pan Z, Swanson BB, Phelan S, Wyatt HR, Bessesen DH, Melanson EL, Catenacci VA. Impact of Combined Hormonal Contraceptive Use on Weight Loss: A Secondary Analysis of a Behavioral Weight-Loss Trial. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:1040-1049. [PMID: 32441474 PMCID: PMC7556729 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to perform a preliminary investigation of the impact of combined hormonal contraceptive (CHC) use on weight loss during an 18-month behavioral weight-loss trial. METHODS Adults (n = 170; 18-55 years; BMI 27-42 kg/m2 ) received a weight-loss intervention that included a reduced-calorie diet, a progressive exercise prescription, and group-based behavioral support. Premenopausal women (n = 110) were classified as CHC users (CHC, n = 17) or non-CHC users (non-CHC, n = 93). Changes in weight were examined within groups using a linear mixed model, adjusted for age and randomized group assignment. RESULTS At 6 M, weight was reduced from baseline in both CHC (mean, -6.7 kg; 95% CI: -9.8 to -3.7 kg) and non-CHC (-9.1 kg; -9.1 to -6.4 kg). Between 6 and 18 M, CHC regained weight (4.9 kg; 0.9 to 8.9 kg), while weight remained relatively unchanged in non-CHC (-0.1 kg; -1.8 to 1.6 kg). At 18 M, weight was relatively unchanged from baseline in CHC (-1.8 kg; -7.3 to 3.6 kg) and was reduced from baseline in non-CHC (-7.9 kg; -10.2 to -5.5 kg). CONCLUSIONS In this secondary data analysis, CHC use was associated with weight regain after initial weight loss. Prospective studies are needed to further understand the extent to which CHC use influences weight loss and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann E Caldwell
- Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Adnin Zaman
- Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Danielle M Ostendorf
- Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Zhaoxing Pan
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Bryan B Swanson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
| | - Suzanne Phelan
- Kinesiology and Public Health Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California, USA
| | - Holly R Wyatt
- Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Daniel H Bessesen
- Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Edward L Melanson
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Eastern Colorado Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Victoria A Catenacci
- Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Sex/Gender-Specific Imbalance in CVD: Could Physical Activity Help to Improve Clinical Outcome Targeting CVD Molecular Mechanisms in Women? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041477. [PMID: 32098263 PMCID: PMC7073076 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last two decades, new insights have been gained regarding sex/gender-related differences in cardiovascular disease (CVD). CVD represents the leading cause of death worldwide in both men and women, accounting for at least one-third of all deaths in women and half of deaths in women over 50 years in developing countries. Important sex-related differences in prevalence, presentation, management, and outcomes of different CVDs have been recently discovered, demonstrating sex/gender-specific pathophysiologic features in the presentation and prognosis of CVD in men and women. A large amount of evidence has highlighted the role of sex hormones in protecting women from CVDs, providing an advantage over men that is lost when women reach the menopause stage. This hormonal-dependent shift of sex-related CVD risk consequently affects the overall CVD epidemiology, particularly in light of the increasing trend of population aging. The benefits of physical activity have been recognized for a long time as a powerful preventive approach for both CVD prevention and aging-related morbidity control. Exercise training is indeed a potent physiological stimulus, which reduces primary and secondary cardiovascular events. However, the underlying mechanisms of these positive effects, including from a sex/gender perspective, still need to be fully elucidated. The aim of this work is to provide a review of the evidence linking sex/gender-related differences in CVD, including sex/gender-specific molecular mediators, to explore whether sex- and gender-tailored physical activity may be used as an effective tool to prevent CVD and improve clinical outcomes in women.
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19
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Long W, Xie X, Du C, Zhao Y, Zhang C, Zhan D, Li Z, Ning Q, Luo X. Decreased Circulating Levels of Asprosin in Obese Children. Horm Res Paediatr 2020; 91:271-277. [PMID: 31212299 DOI: 10.1159/000500523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating asprosin is a newly discovered adipokine that triggers the release of hepatic glucose stores and increases appetite. Asprosin levels are elevated in adult obese men as well as in mice, and reductions in asprosin protect against the hyperinsulinism associated with metabolic syndrome in mice with diet-induced obesity, which indicates a potential therapeutic role of asprosin in obesity and type 2 diabetes. OBJECTIVES Few data on asprosin in children are available, which is why this study aimed to assess concentrations of fasting asprosin, as well as its relationship to parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism, in children. METHODS Data on clinical and metabolic parameters were collected from 40 healthy normal-weight and 47 obese children. Circulating asprosin levels were measured using an ELISA. RESULTS The concentrations of fasting asprosin were lower in the obese children (9.24 ± 4.11 ng/mL) than in the normal-weight controls (12.33 ± 4.18 ng/mL, p < 0.001). When comparing the two groups by sex, both the boys and the girls showed similar trends. In within-group comparison, the asprosin levels were lower in boys than in girls only in the obese group (8.13 ± 4.10 vs. 10.61 ± 3.78 ng/mL, p = 0.013) but not in the control group. Interestingly, asprosin was correlated with ALT after adjusting for age and sex in all participants; in boys, asprosin was correlated with BMI, HOMA-IR, insulin, and HDL after adjusting for age. CONCLUSIONS Concentrations of asprosin were significantly lower in obese children than in normal-weight children, and there was a gender difference in asprosin concentration. Our results suggest a complex role for asprosin in energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Long
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,
| | - Xuemei Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Caiqi Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cai Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Di Zhan
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhuxi Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qin Ning
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoping Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Dulloo AG, Miles-Chan J, Schutz Y, Montani JP. Targeting lifestyle energy expenditure in the management of obesity and health: from biology to built environment. Obes Rev 2018; 19 Suppl 1:3-7. [PMID: 30511502 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Increasing lifestyle energy expenditure has long been advocated in the prevention and treatment of obesity, as embodied in the ancient prescription of Hippocrates (the 'father of modern medicine') that people with obesity should eat less and exercise more. However, the long-term outcome of exercise alone or in combination with dieting in obesity management is poor. To understand the reasons underlying these failures and to develop novel strategies that target lifestyle energy expenditure in both prevention and treatment of obesity, research over the past decades has focused on (i) the interactions between physical activity and body weight (and its composition) throughout the lifespan; (ii) the influence of biology and potential compensatory changes in energy expenditure, food intake and food assimilation in response to energy deficits; and (iii) the impact of the built environment (outdoor and indoor) and smart technology on physical activity behaviours, thermoregulatory thermogenesis and metabolic health. It is against this background that recent advances relevant to the theme of 'Targeting Lifestyle Energy Expenditure in the Management of Obesity and Health: From Biology to Built Environment' are addressed in this overview and the nine review articles in this supplement, reporting the proceedings of the 9th Fribourg Obesity Research Conference.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Dulloo
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Cardiovascular System, Faculty of Sciences and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - J Miles-Chan
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Y Schutz
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Cardiovascular System, Faculty of Sciences and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - J-P Montani
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Cardiovascular System, Faculty of Sciences and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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