1
|
Abdoli M, Amerian MR, Heidari M, Ebrahimi A. Synergistic effects of melatonin and 24-epibrassinolide on chickpea water deficit tolerance. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:671. [PMID: 39004702 PMCID: PMC11247889 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05380-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Water deficiency stress reduces yield in grain legumes, primarily due to a decrease in the pods number. Melatonin (ML) and 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) are recognized for their hormone-like properties that improve plant tolerance to abiotic stresses. This study aimed to assess the impact of different concentrations of ML (0, 100, and 200 µM) and EBL (0, 3, and 6 µM) on the growth, biochemical, and physiological characteristics of chickpea plants under water-stressed conditions. RESULTS The study's findings indicated that under water-stressed conditions, a decrease in seed (30%) and pod numbers (31%), 100-seed weight (17%), total chlorophyll content (46%), stomatal conductance (33%), as well as an increase in H2O2 (62%), malondialdehyde content (40%), and electrolyte leakage index (40%), resulted in a 40% reduction in chickpea plants grain yield. Our findings confirmed that under water-stressed conditions, seed oil, seed oil yield, and seed protein yield dropped by 20%, 55%, and 36%, respectively. The concurrent exogenous application of ML and EBL significantly reduces oxidative stress, plasma membrane damage, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) content. This treatment also leads to increased yield and its components, higher pigment content, enhanced oil and protein yield, and improved enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activities such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, polyphenol oxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, flavonoid, and carotenoid. Furthermore, it promotes the accumulation of osmoprotectants such as proline, total soluble protein, and sugars. CONCLUSIONS Our study found that ML and EBL act synergistically to regulate plant growth, photosynthesis, osmoprotectants accumulation, antioxidant defense systems, and maintain ROS homeostasis, thereby mitigating the adverse effects of water deficit conditions. ML and EBL are key regulatory network components in stressful conditions, with significant potential for future research and practical applications. The regulation metabolic pathways of ML and EBL in water-stressed remains unknown. As a result, future research should aim to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by employing genome editing, RNA sequencing, microarray, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic analyses to identify the mechanisms involved in plant responses to exogenous ML and EBL under water deficit conditions. Furthermore, the economical applications of synthetic ML and EBL could be an interesting strategy for improving plant tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matin Abdoli
- Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mohamad Reza Amerian
- Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Semnan, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Heidari
- Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Semnan, Iran
| | - Amin Ebrahimi
- Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Semnan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yildiztugay E, Arikan Abdulveli B, Ozfidan-Konakci C, Turkan I. Melatonin mediated tolerance to benzalkonium chloride phytotoxicity through improved growth, photochemical reactions, and antioxidant system in wild-type and snat2 mutant Arabidopsis lines. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 212:108779. [PMID: 38823090 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Melatonin (Mel) is a phytohormone that plays a crucial role in various plant processes, including stress response. Despite numerous studies on the role of Mel in stress resistance, its significance in plants exposed to benzalkonium chloride (BAC) pollution remains unexplored. BAC, a common antiseptic, poses a threat to terrestrial plants due to its widespread use and inefficient removal, leading to elevated concentrations in the environment. This study investigated the impact of BAC (0.5 mg L-1) pollution on wild-type Col-0 and snat2 knockout mutant Arabidopsis lines, revealing reduced growth, altered water relations, and gas exchange parameters. On the other hand, exogenous Mel (100 μM) treatments mitigated BAC-induced phytotoxicity and increased the growth rate by 1.8-fold in Col-0 and 2-fold in snat2 plants. snat2 mutant seedlings had a suppressed carbon assimilation rate (A) under normal conditions, but BAC contamination led to further A repression by 71% and 48% in Col-0 and snat2 leaves, respectively. However, Mel treatment on stressed plants was successful in improving Fv/Fm and increased the total photosynthesis efficiency by regulating photochemical reactions. Excessive H2O2 accumulation in the guard cells of plants exposed to BAC pollution was detected by confocal microscopy. Mel treatments triggered almost all antioxidant enzyme activities (except POX) in both Arabidopsis lines under stress. This enhanced antioxidant activity, facilitated by foliar Mel application, contributed to the alleviation of oxidative damage, regulation of photosynthesis reactions, and promotion of plant growth in Arabidopsis. In addition to corroborating results observed in many agricultural plants regarding the development of tolerance to environmental stresses, this study provides novel insights into the action mechanisms of Mel under the emerging pollutant benzalkonium chloride.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evren Yildiztugay
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Selcuklu, 42130, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Busra Arikan Abdulveli
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Selcuklu, 42130, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Ceyda Ozfidan-Konakci
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram, 42090, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Ismail Turkan
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Yasar University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lian X, Zhong L, Bai Y, Guang X, Tang S, Guo X, Wei T, Yang F, Zhang Y, Huang G, Zhang J, Shao L, Lei G, Li Z, Sahu SK, Zhang S, Liu H, Hu F. Spatiotemporal transcriptomic atlas of rhizome formation in Oryza longistaminata. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:1652-1668. [PMID: 38345936 PMCID: PMC11123419 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Rhizomes are modified stems that grow underground and produce new individuals genetically identical to the mother plant. Recently, a breakthrough has been made in efforts to convert annual grains into perennial ones by utilizing wild rhizomatous species as donors, yet the developmental biology of this organ is rarely studied. Oryza longistaminata, a wild rice species featuring strong rhizomes, provides a valuable model for exploration of rhizome development. Here, we first assembled a double-haplotype genome of O. longistaminata, which displays a 48-fold improvement in contiguity compared to the previously published assembly. Furthermore, spatiotemporal transcriptomics was performed to obtain the expression profiles of different tissues in O. longistaminata rhizomes and tillers. Two spatially reciprocal cell clusters, the vascular bundle 2 cluster and the parenchyma 2 cluster, were determined to be the primary distinctions between the rhizomes and tillers. We also captured meristem initiation cells in the sunken area of parenchyma located at the base of internodes, which is the starting point for rhizome initiation. Trajectory analysis further indicated that the rhizome is regenerated through de novo generation. Collectively, these analyses revealed a spatiotemporal transcriptional transition underlying the rhizome initiation, providing a valuable resource for future perennial crop breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Lian
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio‐Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Innovation of Perennial rice (Co‐construction by Ministry and Province) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Center of Innovation for Perennial Rice Technology in Yunnan, School of AgricultureYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Liyuan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural GenomicsBGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Yixuan Bai
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio‐Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Innovation of Perennial rice (Co‐construction by Ministry and Province) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Center of Innovation for Perennial Rice Technology in Yunnan, School of AgricultureYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Xuanmin Guang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural GenomicsBGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Sijia Tang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio‐Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Innovation of Perennial rice (Co‐construction by Ministry and Province) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Center of Innovation for Perennial Rice Technology in Yunnan, School of AgricultureYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Xing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural GenomicsBGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Tong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural GenomicsBGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Feng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural GenomicsBGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Yujiao Zhang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio‐Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Innovation of Perennial rice (Co‐construction by Ministry and Province) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Center of Innovation for Perennial Rice Technology in Yunnan, School of AgricultureYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Guangfu Huang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio‐Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Innovation of Perennial rice (Co‐construction by Ministry and Province) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Center of Innovation for Perennial Rice Technology in Yunnan, School of AgricultureYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Jing Zhang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio‐Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Innovation of Perennial rice (Co‐construction by Ministry and Province) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Center of Innovation for Perennial Rice Technology in Yunnan, School of AgricultureYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Lin Shao
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio‐Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Innovation of Perennial rice (Co‐construction by Ministry and Province) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Center of Innovation for Perennial Rice Technology in Yunnan, School of AgricultureYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Guijie Lei
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio‐Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Innovation of Perennial rice (Co‐construction by Ministry and Province) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Center of Innovation for Perennial Rice Technology in Yunnan, School of AgricultureYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Zheng Li
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio‐Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Innovation of Perennial rice (Co‐construction by Ministry and Province) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Center of Innovation for Perennial Rice Technology in Yunnan, School of AgricultureYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Sunil Kumar Sahu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural GenomicsBGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Shilai Zhang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio‐Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Innovation of Perennial rice (Co‐construction by Ministry and Province) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Center of Innovation for Perennial Rice Technology in Yunnan, School of AgricultureYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Huan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural GenomicsBGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Fengyi Hu
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio‐Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Innovation of Perennial rice (Co‐construction by Ministry and Province) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Center of Innovation for Perennial Rice Technology in Yunnan, School of AgricultureYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lam LPY, Lui ACW, Bartley LE, Mikami B, Umezawa T, Lo C. Multifunctional 5-hydroxyconiferaldehyde O-methyltransferases (CAldOMTs) in plant metabolism. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:1671-1695. [PMID: 38198655 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Lignin, flavonoids, melatonin, and stilbenes are plant specialized metabolites with diverse physiological and biological functions, supporting plant growth and conferring stress resistance. Their biosynthesis requires O-methylations catalyzed by 5-hydroxyconiferaldehyde O-methyltransferase (CAldOMT; also called caffeic acid O-methyltransferase, COMT). CAldOMT was first known for its roles in syringyl (S) lignin biosynthesis in angiosperm cell walls and later found to be multifunctional. This enzyme also catalyzes O-methylations in flavonoid, melatonin, and stilbene biosynthetic pathways. Phylogenetic analysis indicated the convergent evolution of enzymes with OMT activities towards the monolignol biosynthetic pathway intermediates in some gymnosperm species that lack S-lignin and Selaginella moellendorffii, a lycophyte which produces S-lignin. Furthermore, neofunctionalization of CAldOMTs occurred repeatedly during evolution, generating unique O-methyltransferases (OMTs) with novel catalytic activities and/or accepting novel substrates, including lignans, 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene, and phenylpropenes. This review summarizes multiple aspects of CAldOMTs and their related proteins in plant metabolism and discusses their evolution, molecular mechanism, and roles in biorefineries, agriculture, and synthetic biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Pui Ying Lam
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Akita University, Tegata Gakuen-machi 1-1, Akita City, Akita 010-0852, Japan
| | - Andy C W Lui
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Laura E Bartley
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Bunzo Mikami
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Umezawa
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Clive Lo
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li M, Li H, Zhu Q, Liu D, Li Z, Chen H, Luo J, Gong P, Ismail AM, Zhang Z. Knockout of the sugar transporter OsSTP15 enhances grain yield by improving tiller number due to increased sugar content in the shoot base of rice (Oryza sativa L.). THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:1250-1265. [PMID: 38009305 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Sugar transporter proteins (STPs) play critical roles in regulating plant stress tolerance, growth, and development. However, the role of STPs in regulating crop yield is poorly understood. This study elucidates the mechanism by which knockout of the sugar transporter OsSTP15 enhances grain yield via increasing the tiller number in rice. We found that OsSTP15 is specifically expressed in the shoot base and vascular bundle sheath of seedlings and encodes a plasma membrane-localized high-affinity glucose efflux transporter. OsSTP15 knockout enhanced sucrose and trehalose-6-phosphate (Tre6P) synthesis in leaves and improved sucrose transport to the shoot base by inducing the expression of sucrose transporters. Higher glucose, sucrose, and Tre6P contents were observed at the shoot base of stp15 plants. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses of the shoot base demonstrated that OsSTP15 knockout upregulated the expression of cytokinin (CK) synthesis- and signaling pathway-related genes and increased CK levels. These findings suggest that OsSTP15 knockout represses glucose export from the cytoplasm and simultaneously enhances sugar transport from source leaves to the shoot base by promoting the synthesis of sucrose and Tre6P in leaves. Subsequent accumulation of glucose, sucrose, and Tre6P in the shoot base promotes tillering by stimulating the CK signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingjuan Li
- College of Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Hongye Li
- College of Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Qidong Zhu
- College of Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Dong Liu
- College of Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Zhen Li
- College of Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Haifei Chen
- College of Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Jinsong Luo
- College of Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Pan Gong
- College of Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Abdelbagi M Ismail
- Crop and Environmental Sciences Division, International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, 1301, Philippines
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- College of Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Yuelushan Laboratory, Hongqi Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wu H, He Q, He B, He S, Zeng L, Yang L, Zhang H, Wei Z, Hu X, Hu J, Zhang Y, Shang L, Wang S, Cui P, Xiong G, Qian Q, Wang Q. Gibberellin signaling regulates lignin biosynthesis to modulate rice seed shattering. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:4383-4404. [PMID: 37738159 PMCID: PMC10689197 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The elimination of seed shattering was a key step in rice (Oryza sativa) domestication. In this paper, we show that increasing the gibberellic acid (GA) content or response in the abscission region enhanced seed shattering in rice. We demonstrate that SLENDER RICE1 (SLR1), the key repressor of GA signaling, could physically interact with the rice seed shattering-related transcription factors quantitative trait locus of seed shattering on chromosome 1 (qSH1), O. sativa HOMEOBOX 15 (OSH15), and SUPERNUMERARY BRACT (SNB). Importantly, these physical interactions interfered with the direct binding of these three regulators to the lignin biosynthesis gene 4-COUMARATE: COENZYME A LIGASE 3 (4CL3), thereby derepressing its expression. Derepression of 4CL3 led to increased lignin deposition in the abscission region, causing reduced rice seed shattering. Importantly, we also show that modulating GA content could alter the degree of seed shattering to increase harvest efficiency. Our results reveal that the "Green Revolution" phytohormone GA is important for regulating rice seed shattering, and we provide an applicable breeding strategy for high-efficiency rice harvesting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Qi He
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Bing He
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Shuyi He
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Henan University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | | | - Longbo Yang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Zhaoran Wei
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Xingming Hu
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Heifei 230026, China
| | - Jiang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311401, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Center of Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Lianguang Shang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Suikang Wang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Peng Cui
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Guosheng Xiong
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Plant Phenomics Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qian Qian
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311401, China
| | - Quan Wang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
- College of Agricultural Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gasparis S, Miłoszewski MM. Genetic Basis of Grain Size and Weight in Rice, Wheat, and Barley. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16921. [PMID: 38069243 PMCID: PMC10706642 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Grain size is a key component of grain yield in cereals. It is a complex quantitative trait controlled by multiple genes. Grain size is determined via several factors in different plant development stages, beginning with early tillering, spikelet formation, and assimilates accumulation during the pre-anthesis phase, up to grain filling and maturation. Understanding the genetic and molecular mechanisms that control grain size is a prerequisite for improving grain yield potential. The last decade has brought significant progress in genomic studies of grain size control. Several genes underlying grain size and weight were identified and characterized in rice, which is a model plant for cereal crops. A molecular function analysis revealed most genes are involved in different cell signaling pathways, including phytohormone signaling, transcriptional regulation, ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, and other physiological processes. Compared to rice, the genetic background of grain size in other important cereal crops, such as wheat and barley, remains largely unexplored. However, the high level of conservation of genomic structure and sequences between closely related cereal crops should facilitate the identification of functional orthologs in other species. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the genetic and molecular bases of grain size and weight in wheat, barley, and rice, focusing on the latest discoveries in the field. We also present possibly the most updated list of experimentally validated genes that have a strong effect on grain size and discuss their molecular function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Gasparis
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute—National Research Institute in Radzików, 05-870 Błonie, Poland;
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Karumannil S, Khan TA, Kappachery S, Gururani MA. Impact of Exogenous Melatonin Application on Photosynthetic Machinery under Abiotic Stress Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2948. [PMID: 37631160 PMCID: PMC10458501 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Inhospitable conditions that hinder plant growth and development encompass a range of abiotic stresses, such as drought, extreme temperatures (both low and high), salinity, exposure to heavy metals, and irradiation. The cumulative impact of these stresses leads to a considerable reduction in agricultural productivity worldwide. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a shared mechanism of toxicity induced by all these abiotic stimuli in plants, resulting in oxidative damage and membrane instability. Extensive research has shed light on the dual role of melatonin in plants, where it serves as both a growth regulator, fostering growth and development, and a potent protector against abiotic stresses. The inherent potential of melatonin to function as a natural antioxidant positions it as a promising biostimulant for agricultural use, bolstering plants' abilities to withstand a wide array of environmental challenges. Beyond its antioxidant properties, melatonin has demonstrated its capacity to regulate the expression of genes associated with the photosynthetic process. This additional characteristic enhances its appeal as a versatile chemical agent that can be exogenously applied to plants, particularly in adverse conditions, to improve their resilience and optimize photosynthetic efficiency in every phase of the plant life cycle. An examination of the molecular mechanisms underlying the stress-protective effects of exogenous melatonin on the photosynthetic machinery of plants under various abiotic stresses is presented in this paper. In addition, future prospects are discussed for developing stress-tolerant crops for sustainable agriculture in challenging environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mayank Anand Gururani
- Biology Department, College of Science, UAE University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Deng J, Ye J, Zhong X, Yang Q, Harrison MT, Wang C, Huang L, Tian X, Liu K, Zhang Y. Optimizing Grain Yield and Radiation Use Efficiency through Synergistic Applications of Nitrogen and Potassium Fertilizers in Super Hybrid Rice. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2858. [PMID: 37571012 PMCID: PMC10420652 DOI: 10.3390/plants12152858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The remarkable yield performance of super hybrid rice has played a crucial role in ensuring global food security. However, there is a scarcity of studies investigating the contribution of radiation use efficiency (RUE) to hybrid rice yields under different nitrogen and potassium treatments. In this three-year field experiment, we aimed to evaluate the impact of two hybrid rice varieties (Y-liangyou 900: YLY900 and Quanyouhuazhan: QYHZ) under varying nitrogen regimes (N90: 90 kg N ha-1, N120: 120 kg N ha-1, N180: 180 kg N ha-1) and potassium regimes (K120: 120 kg K2O ha-1, K160: 160 kg K2O ha-1, K210: 210 kg K2O ha-1) on grain yield and its physiological determinants, including RUE, intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (IPAR), aboveground biomass production, and harvest index (HI). Our results revealed that both rice varieties exhibited significantly higher yields when coupled with nitrogen and potassium fertilization. Compared to the N90 × K120 treatment, the N120 × K160 and N180 × K210 combinations resulted in substantial increases in grain yield (12.0% and 21.1%, respectively) and RUE (11.9% and 21.4%, respectively). The YLY900 variety showed notable yield improvement due to enhanced aboveground biomass production resulting from increased IPAR and RUE. In contrast, the QYHZ variety's aboveground biomass accumulation was primarily influenced by RUE rather than IPAR, resulting in higher RUE and grain yields of 9.2% and 5.3%, respectively, compared to YLY900. Importantly, fertilization led to significant increases in yield, biomass, and RUE, while HI remained relatively constant. Both varieties demonstrated a positive relationship between grain yield and IPAR and RUE. Multiple regression analysis indicated that increasing RUE was the primary driver of yield improvement in hybrid rice varieties. By promoting sustainable agriculture and enhancing fertilizer management, elevating nitrogen and potassium levels from a low base would synergistically enhance rice yield and RUE, emphasizing the critical importance of RUE in hybrid rice productivity compared to HI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Deng
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; (J.D.); (C.W.); (L.H.); (X.T.); (K.L.)
| | - Jiayu Ye
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; (J.D.); (C.W.); (L.H.); (X.T.); (K.L.)
| | - Xuefen Zhong
- Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Duodao District, Jingmen 448000, China
| | - Qingqing Yang
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; (J.D.); (C.W.); (L.H.); (X.T.); (K.L.)
| | - Matthew Tom Harrison
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Burnie 7320, Australia;
| | - Chunhu Wang
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; (J.D.); (C.W.); (L.H.); (X.T.); (K.L.)
| | - Liying Huang
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; (J.D.); (C.W.); (L.H.); (X.T.); (K.L.)
| | - Xiaohai Tian
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; (J.D.); (C.W.); (L.H.); (X.T.); (K.L.)
| | - Ke Liu
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; (J.D.); (C.W.); (L.H.); (X.T.); (K.L.)
| | - Yunbo Zhang
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; (J.D.); (C.W.); (L.H.); (X.T.); (K.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li L, Tian Z, Chen J, Tan Z, Zhang Y, Zhao H, Wu X, Yao X, Wen W, Chen W, Guo L. Characterization of novel loci controlling seed oil content in Brassica napus by marker metabolite-based multi-omics analysis. Genome Biol 2023; 24:141. [PMID: 37337206 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-023-02984-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seed oil content is an important agronomic trait of Brassica napus (B. napus), and metabolites are considered as the bridge between genotype and phenotype for physical traits. RESULTS Using a widely targeted metabolomics analysis in a natural population of 388 B. napus inbred lines, we quantify 2172 metabolites in mature seeds by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, in which 131 marker metabolites are identified to be correlated with seed oil content. These metabolites are then selected for further metabolite genome-wide association study and metabolite transcriptome-wide association study. Combined with weighted correlation network analysis, we construct a triple relationship network, which includes 21,000 edges and 4384 nodes among metabolites, metabolite quantitative trait loci, genes, and co-expression modules. We validate the function of BnaA03.TT4, BnaC02.TT4, and BnaC05.UK, three candidate genes predicted by multi-omics analysis, which show significant impacts on seed oil content through regulating flavonoid metabolism in B. napus. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the advantage of utilizing marker metabolites integrated with multi-omics analysis to dissect the genetic basis of agronomic traits in crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Long Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhitao Tian
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Zengdong Tan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Hu Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaowei Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuan Yao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiwei Wen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China.
- Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Liang Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China.
- Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lu Y, Bu Q, Chuan M, Cui X, Zhao Y, Zhou DX. Metabolic regulation of the plant epigenome. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 114:1001-1013. [PMID: 36705504 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Chromatin modifications shape the epigenome and are essential for gene expression reprogramming during plant development and adaptation to the changing environment. Chromatin modification enzymes require primary metabolic intermediates such as S-adenosyl-methionine, acetyl-CoA, alpha-ketoglutarate, and NAD+ as substrates or cofactors. The availability of the metabolites depends on cellular nutrients, energy and reduction/oxidation (redox) states, and affects the activity of chromatin regulators and the epigenomic landscape. The changes in the plant epigenome and the activity of epigenetic regulators in turn control cellular metabolism through transcriptional and post-translational regulation of metabolic enzymes. The interplay between metabolism and the epigenome constitutes a basis for metabolic control of plant growth and response to environmental changes. This review summarizes recent advances regarding the metabolic control of plant chromatin regulators and epigenomes, which are involved in plant adaption to environmental stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Lu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Qing Bu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Mingli Chuan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiaoyun Cui
- Institute of Plant Science Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRAE, University Paris-Saclay, Orsay, 91405, France
| | - Yu Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Dao-Xiu Zhou
- Institute of Plant Science Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRAE, University Paris-Saclay, Orsay, 91405, France
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Xie S, Liu H, Ma T, Shen S, Zheng H, Yang L, Liu L, Wei Z, Xin W, Zou D, Wang J. Global Phosphoproteomic Analysis Reveals the Defense and Response Mechanisms of Japonica Rice under Low Nitrogen Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097699. [PMID: 37175411 PMCID: PMC10178291 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen-based nutrients are the main factors affecting rice growth and development. As the nitrogen (N) application rate increased, the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of rice decreased. Therefore, it is important to understand the molecular mechanism of rice plant morphological, physiological, and yield formation under low N conditions to improve NUE. In this study, changes in the rice morphological, physiological, and yield-related traits under low N (13.33 ppm) and control N (40.00 ppm) conditions were performed. These results show that, compared with control N conditions, photosynthesis and growth were inhibited and the carbon (C)/N and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE) were enhanced under low N conditions. To understand the post-translational modification mechanism underlying the rice response to low N conditions, comparative phosphoproteomic analysis was performed, and differentially modified proteins (DMPs) were further characterized. Compared with control N conditions, a total of 258 DMPs were identified under low N conditions. The modification of proteins involved in chloroplast development, chlorophyll synthesis, photosynthesis, carbon metabolism, phytohormones, and morphology-related proteins were differentially altered, which was an important reason for changes in rice morphological, physiological, and yield-related traits. Additionally, inconsistent changes in level of transcription and protein modification, indicates that the study of phosphoproteomics under low N conditions is also important for us to better understand the adaptation mechanism of rice to low N stress. These results provide insights into global changes in the response of rice to low N stress and may facilitate the development of rice cultivars with high NUE by regulating the phosphorylation level of carbon metabolism and rice morphology-related proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shupeng Xie
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Suihua Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Suihua 152052, China
| | - Hualong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Tianze Ma
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shen Shen
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Hongliang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Luomiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Lichao Liu
- Suihua Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Suihua 152052, China
| | - Zhonghua Wei
- Suihua Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Suihua 152052, China
| | - Wei Xin
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Detang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jingguo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gao Y, Chen H, Chen D, Hao G. Genetic and evolutionary dissection of melatonin response signaling facilitates the regulation of plant growth and stress responses. J Pineal Res 2023; 74:e12850. [PMID: 36585354 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The expansion of gene families during evolution could generate functional diversity among their members to regulate plant growth and development. Melatonin, a phylogenetically ancient molecule, is vital for many aspects of a plant's life. Understanding the functional diversity of the molecular players involved in melatonin biosynthesis, signaling, and metabolism will facilitate the regulation of plant phenotypes. However, the molecular mechanism of melatonin response signaling elements in regulating this network still has many challenges. Here, we provide an in-depth analysis of the functional diversity and evolution of molecular components in melatonin signaling pathway. Genetic analysis of multiple mutants in plant species will shed light on the role of gene families in melatonin regulatory pathways. Phylogenetic analysis of these genes was performed, which will facilitate the identification of melatonin-related genes for future study. Based on the abovementioned signal networks, the mechanism of these genes was summarized to provide reference for studying the regulatory mechanism of melatonin in plant phenotypes. We hope that this work will facilitate melatonin research in higher plants and finely tuned spatio-temporal regulation of melatonin signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Huimin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongyu Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Gefei Hao
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lee K, Back K. Human Naa50 Shows Serotonin N-Acetyltransferase Activity, and Its Overexpression Enhances Melatonin Biosynthesis, Resulting in Osmotic Stress Tolerance in Rice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020319. [PMID: 36829878 PMCID: PMC9952165 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A new clade of serotonin N-acetyltransferase (SNAT), the penultimate enzyme in the melatonin biosynthetic pathway, has been reported in the archaeon Thermoplasma volcanium. The closest homolog of archaea SNAT in human was an N-alpha-acetyltransferase50 (Naa50). To determine whether human Naa50 (hNaa50) shows SNAT enzyme activity, we chemically synthesized and expressed the hNaa50 gene in Escherichia coli, followed by Ni2+ affinity purification. Purified recombinant hNaa50 showed SNAT activity (Km and Vmax values of 986 μM and 1800 pmol/min/mg protein, respectively). To assess its in vivo function, hNaa50 was overexpressed in rice (hNaa50-OE). The transgenic rice plants produced more melatonin than nontransgenic wild-type rice, indicating that hNaa50 is functionally coupled with melatonin biosynthesis. Due to its overproduction of melatonin, hNaa50-OE had a higher tolerance against osmotic stress than the wild type. Enhanced expression of the chaperone genes BIP1 and CNX in hNaa50-OE plants was responsible for the increased tolerance. It is concluded that hNaa50 harbors serotonin N-acetyltransferase enzyme activity in addition to its initial N-alpha-acetyltransferase, suggesting the bifunctionality of the hNaa50 enzyme toward serotonin and protein substrates. Consequently, ectopic overexpression of hNaa50 in rice enhanced melatonin synthesis, indicating that hNaa50 is in fact involved in melatonin biosynthesis.
Collapse
|
15
|
Narawatthana S, Phansenee Y, Thammasamisorn BO, Vejchasarn P. Multi-model genome-wide association studies of leaf anatomical traits and vein architecture in rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1107718. [PMID: 37123816 PMCID: PMC10130391 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1107718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The anatomy of rice leaves is closely related to photosynthesis and grain yield. Therefore, exploring insight into the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and alleles related to rice flag leaf anatomical and vein traits is vital for rice improvement. Methods Here, we aimed to explore the genetic architecture of eight flag leaf traits using one single-locus model; mixed-linear model (MLM), and two multi-locus models; fixed and random model circulating probability unification (FarmCPU) and Bayesian information and linkage disequilibrium iteratively nested keyway (BLINK). We performed multi-model GWAS using 329 rice accessions of RDP1 with 700K single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) markers. Results The phenotypic correlation results indicated that rice flag leaf thickness was strongly correlated with leaf mesophyll cells layer (ML) and thickness of both major and minor veins. All three models were able to identify several significant loci associated with the traits. MLM identified three non-synonymous SNPs near NARROW LEAF 1 (NAL1) in association with ML and the distance between minor veins (IVD) traits. Discussion Several numbers of significant SNPs associated with known gene function in leaf development and yield traits were detected by multi-model GWAS performed in this study. Our findings indicate that flag leaf traits could be improved via molecular breeding and can be one of the targets in high-yield rice development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Supatthra Narawatthana
- Rice Department, Thailand Rice Science Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives (MOAC), Suphan Buri, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Supatthra Narawatthana,
| | - Yotwarit Phansenee
- Ubon Ratchathani Rice Research Center, Rice Department, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives (MOAC), Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand
| | - Bang-On Thammasamisorn
- Rice Department, Thailand Rice Science Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives (MOAC), Suphan Buri, Thailand
| | - Phanchita Vejchasarn
- Ubon Ratchathani Rice Research Center, Rice Department, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives (MOAC), Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Raza A, Charagh S, García-Caparrós P, Rahman MA, Ogwugwa VH, Saeed F, Jin W. Melatonin-mediated temperature stress tolerance in plants. GM CROPS & FOOD 2022; 13:196-217. [PMID: 35983948 PMCID: PMC9397135 DOI: 10.1080/21645698.2022.2106111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Global climate changes cause extreme temperatures and a significant reduction in crop production, leading to food insecurity worldwide. Temperature extremes (including both heat and cold stresses) is one of the most limiting factors in plant growth and development and severely affect plant physiology, biochemical, and molecular processes. Biostimulants like melatonin (MET) have a multifunctional role that acts as a "defense molecule" to safeguard plants against the noxious effects of temperature stress. MET treatment improves plant growth and temperature tolerance by improving several defense mechanisms. Current research also suggests that MET interacts with other molecules, like phytohormones and gaseous molecules, which greatly supports plant adaptation to temperature stress. Genetic engineering via overexpression or CRISPR/Cas system of MET biosynthetic genes uplifts the MET levels in transgenic plants and enhances temperature stress tolerance. This review highlights the critical role of MET in plant production and tolerance against temperature stress. We have documented how MET interacts with other molecules to alleviate temperature stress. MET-mediated molecular breeding would be great potential in helping the adverse effects of temperature stress by creating transgenic plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Raza
- College of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Sidra Charagh
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pedro García-Caparrós
- Agronomy Department of Superior School Engineering, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Md Atikur Rahman
- Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan, Korea
| | | | - Faisal Saeed
- Department of Agricultural Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, Turkey
| | - Wanmei Jin
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, Peking, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Shreya S, Supriya L, Padmaja G. Melatonin induces drought tolerance by modulating lipoxygenase expression, redox homeostasis and photosynthetic efficiency in Arachis hypogaea L. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1069143. [PMID: 36544878 PMCID: PMC9760964 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1069143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-hydroxy tryptamine), a multipotent biomolecule is well known for its ability to confer tolerance to several abiotic and biotic stresses. The regulation of melatonin-mediated drought tolerance in drought-distinguished varieties can be different due to discriminating redox levels. The present study was focused on assessing the effects of melatonin priming against polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced stress with respect to the antioxidant system, photosynthetic parameters, lipoxygenase expression, JA and ABA levels in drought-sensitive (Kadiri-7) and drought-tolerant (Kadiri-9) varieties. Exogenous melatonin alleviated the drought stress effects in sensitive variety (Kadiri-7) by increasing the endogenous melatonin content with an improved antioxidant system and photosynthetic attributes. The primed stressed plants of the sensitive variety exhibited reduced expression and activity of the chlorophyll degrading enzymes (Chl-deg PRX, pheophytinase and chlorophyllase) with a concomitant increase in chlorophyll content in comparison to unprimed controls. Interestingly, melatonin priming stimulated higher expression and activity of lipoxygenase (LOX) as well as enhanced the expression of genes involved in the synthesis of jasmonic acid (JA) including its content in drought stressed plants of the sensitive variety. The expression of NCED3 (involved in ABA-biosynthesis) was upregulated while CYP707A2 (ABA-degradation) was downregulated which corresponded with higher ABA levels. Contrastingly, priming caused a decrease in endogenous melatonin content under drought stress in tolerant variety (Kadiri-9) which might be due to feedback inhibition of its synthesis to maintain intracellular redox balance and regulate better plant metabolism. Furthermore, the higher endogenous melatonin content along with improved antioxidant system, photosynthetic efficiency and LOX expression associated with the increased levels of JA and ABA in unprimed stressed plants of the tolerant variety (Kadiri-9) is pointing towards the effectiveness of melatonin in mediating drought stress tolerance. Overall, exogenous melatonin alleviated the adverse effects of drought stress in sensitive variety while having no add-on effect on drought stress responses of tolerant variety which is inherently equipped to withstand the given duration of drought stress treatment.
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhu B, Zheng S, Fan W, Zhang M, Xia Z, Chen X, Zhao A. Ectopic overexpression of mulberry MnT5H2 enhances melatonin production and salt tolerance in tobacco. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1061141. [PMID: 36507424 PMCID: PMC9733638 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1061141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinization severely inhibits plant growth and has become one of the major limiting factors for global agricultural production. Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) plays an important role in regulating plant growth and development and in responding to abiotic stresses. Tryptamine-5-hydroxylase (T5H) is an enzyme essential for the biosynthesis of melatonin in plants. Previous studies have identified the gene MnT5H for melatonin synthesis in mulberry (Morus notabilis), but the role of this gene in response to salinity stress in mulberry is remain unclear. In this study, we ectopically overexpressed MnT5H2 in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) and treated it with NaCl solutions. Compared to wild-type (WT), melatonin content was significantly increased in the overexpression-MnT5H2 tobacco. Under salt stress, the expression of NtCAT, NtSOD, and NtERD10C and activity of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and the content of proline (Pro) in the transgenic lines were significantly higher than that in WT. The Malondialdehyde (MDA) content in transgenic tobacco was significantly lower than that of WT. Furthermore, transgenic tobacco seedlings exhibited faster growth in media with NaCl. This study reveals the changes of melatonin and related substance content in MnT5H2-overexpressing tobacco ultimately lead to improve the salt tolerance of transgenic tobacco, and also provides a new target gene for breeding plant resistance to salt.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baozhong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sha Zheng
- School of Electronic Information and Artificial Intelligence, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Meirong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhongqiang Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuefei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Aichun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhao D, Luan Y, Shi W, Tang Y, Huang X, Tao J. Melatonin enhances stem strength by increasing lignin content and secondary cell wall thickness in herbaceous peony. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:5974-5991. [PMID: 35436332 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Cut flower quality is severely restrained by stem bending due to low stem strength. Melatonin has been shown to function in many aspects of plant growth and development, yet whether it can enhance stem strength, and the corresponding underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We investigated the role of melatonin in enhancement of stem strength in herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) by applying exogenous melatonin and changing endogenous melatonin biosynthesis. Endogenous melatonin content positively correlated with lignin content and stem strength in various P. lactiflora cultivars. Supplementation with exogenous melatonin significantly enhanced stem strength by increasing lignin content and the S/G lignin compositional ratio, up-regulating lignin biosynthetic gene expression. Moreover, overexpression of TRYPTOPHAN DECARBOXYLASE GENE (TDC) responsible for the first committed step of melatonin biosynthesis in tobacco, significantly increased endogenous melatonin, which further increased the S/G ratio and stem strength. In contrast, silencing PlTDC in P. lactiflora decreased endogenous melatonin, the S/G ratio and stem strength. Finally, manipulating the expression of CAFFEIC ACID O-METHYLTRANSFERASE GENE (COMT1), which is involved in both melatonin and lignin biosynthesis, showed even greater effects on melatonin, the S/G ratio and stem strength. Our results suggest that melatonin has a positive regulatory effect on P. lactiflora stem strength.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daqiu Zhao
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yuting Luan
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Wenbo Shi
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yuhan Tang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xingqi Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Jun Tao
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
GWAS and Transcriptome Analysis Reveal Key Genes Affecting Root Growth under Low Nitrogen Supply in Maize. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13091632. [PMID: 36140800 PMCID: PMC9498817 DOI: 10.3390/genes13091632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is one of the most important factors affecting crop production. Root morphology exhibits a high degree of plasticity to nitrogen deficiency. However, the mechanisms underlying the root foraging response under low-N conditions remain poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed 213 maize inbred lines using hydroponic systems and regarding their natural variations in 22 root traits and 6 shoot traits under normal (2 mM nitrate) and low-N (0 mM nitrate) conditions. Substantial phenotypic variations were detected for all traits. N deficiency increased the root length and decreased the root diameter and shoot related traits. A total of 297 significant marker-trait associations were identified by a genome-wide association study involving different N levels and the N response value. A total of 51 candidate genes with amino acid variations in coding regions or differentially expressed under low nitrogen conditions were identified. Furthermore, a candidate gene ZmNAC36 was resequenced in all tested lines. A total of 38 single nucleotide polymorphisms and 12 insertions and deletions were significantly associated with lateral root length of primary root, primary root length between 0 and 0.5 mm in diameter, primary root surface area, and total length of primary root under a low-N condition. These findings help us to improve our understanding of the genetic mechanism of root plasticity to N deficiency, and the identified loci and candidate genes will be useful for the genetic improvement of maize tolerance cultivars to N deficiency.
Collapse
|
21
|
Yang X, Zhu X, Wei J, Li W, Wang H, Xu Y, Yang Z, Xu C, Li P. Primary root response to combined drought and heat stress is regulated via salicylic acid metabolism in maize. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:417. [PMID: 36038847 PMCID: PMC9425997 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03805-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The primary root is the first organ to perceive the stress signals for abiotic stress. In this study, maize plants subjected to drought, heat and combined stresses displayed a significantly reduced primary root length. Metabolic and transcriptional analyses detected 72 and 5,469 differentially expressed metabolites and genes in response to stress conditions, respectively. The functional annotation of differentially expressed metabolites and genes indicated that primary root development was mediated by pathways involving phenylalanine metabolism, hormone metabolism and signaling under stress conditions. Furthermore, we found that the concentration of salicylic acid and two precursors, shikimic acid and phenylalanine, showed rapid negative accumulation after all three stresses. The expression levels of some key genes involved in salicylic acid metabolism and signal transduction were differentially expressed under stress conditions. This study extends our understanding of the mechanism of primary root responses to abiotic stress tolerance in maize.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xinjie Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jie Wei
- Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Xuhuai Region in Jiangsu, Huai'an, 223001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wentao Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Houmiao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Zefeng Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Chenwu Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Pengcheng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Li Y, Sun Y, Cui H, Li M, Yang G, Wang Z, Zhang K. Carex rigescens caffeic acid O-methyltransferase gene CrCOMT confer melatonin-mediated drought tolerance in transgenic tobacco. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:971431. [PMID: 36035693 PMCID: PMC9399801 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.971431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is an important, multifunctional protective agent against a variety of abiotic and biotic stressors in plants. Caffeic acid O-methyltransferase (COMT) catalyzes the last step of melatonin synthesis in plants and reportedly participates in the regulation of stress response and tolerance. However, few studies have reported its function in melatonin-mediated drought resistance. In this study, CrCOMT was identified and was strongly induced by drought stress in Carex rigescens. CrCOMT overexpression in transgenic tobacco increased tolerance to drought stress with high levels of seed germination, relative water content, and survival rates. CrCOMT overexpression in tobacco improved membrane stability, and plants exhibited lower relative electrolytic leakage and malondialdehyde content, as well as higher photochemical efficiency than the wildtype (WT) under drought stress. The transgenic plants also had higher levels of proline accumulation and antioxidant enzyme activity, which decreased oxidative stress damage due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) hyperaccumulation under drought stress. The transcription of drought stress response and ROS scavenging genes was significantly higher in the CrCOMT overexpression plants than in the WT plants. In addition, CrCOMT transgenic tobacco plants exhibited higher melatonin content under drought stress conditions. Exogenous melatonin was applied to C. rigescens under drought stress to confirm the function of melatonin in mediating drought tolerance; the relative water content and proline content were higher, and the relative electrolytic leakage was lower in melatonin-treated C. rigescens than in the untreated plants. In summary, these results show that CrCOMT plays a positive role in plant drought stress tolerance by regulating endogenous melatonin content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Sun
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Huiting Cui
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingna Li
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Guofeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zengyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hwang OJ, Back K. Functional Characterization of Arylalkylamine N-Acetyltransferase, a Pivotal Gene in Antioxidant Melatonin Biosynthesis from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081531. [PMID: 36009250 PMCID: PMC9405056 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) is a pivotal enzyme in melatonin biosynthesis that catalyzes the conversion of serotonin to N-acetylserotonin. Homologs of animal AANAT genes are present in animals, but not in plants. An AANAT homolog was found in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, but not other green algae. The characteristics of C. reinhardtii AANAT (CrAANAT) are unclear. Here, full-length CrAANAT was chemically synthesized and expressed in Escherichia coli. Recombinant CrAANAT exhibited AANAT activity with a Km of 247 μM and Vmax of 325 pmol/min/mg protein with serotonin as the substrate. CrAANAT was localized to the cytoplasm in tobacco leaf cells. Transgenic rice plants overexpressing CrAANAT (CrAANAT-OE) exhibited increased melatonin production. CrAANAT-OE plants showed a longer seed length and larger second leaf angle than wild-type plants, indicative of the involvement of brassinosteroids (BRs). As expected, BR biosynthesis- and signaling-related genes such as D2, DWARF4, DWARF11, and BZR1 were upregulated in CrAANAT-OE plants. Therefore, an increased endogenous melatonin level by ectopic overexpression of CrAANAT seems to be closely associated with BR biosynthesis, thereby influencing seed size.
Collapse
|
24
|
Lu Y, Chuan M, Wang H, Chen R, Tao T, Zhou Y, Xu Y, Li P, Yao Y, Xu C, Yang Z. Genetic and molecular factors in determining grain number per panicle of rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:964246. [PMID: 35991390 PMCID: PMC9386260 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.964246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
It was suggested that the most effective way to improve rice grain yield is to increase the grain number per panicle (GN) through the breeding practice in recent decades. GN is a representative quantitative trait affected by multiple genetic and environmental factors. Understanding the mechanisms controlling GN has become an important research field in rice biotechnology and breeding. The regulation of rice GN is coordinately controlled by panicle architecture and branch differentiation, and many GN-associated genes showed pleiotropic effect in regulating tillering, grain size, flowering time, and other domestication-related traits. It is also revealed that GN determination is closely related to vascular development and the metabolism of some phytohormones. In this review, we summarize the recent findings in rice GN determination and discuss the genetic and molecular mechanisms of GN regulators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Lu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Mingli Chuan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hanyao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Rujia Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tianyun Tao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Youli Yao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chenwu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zefeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lee HY, Back K. The Antioxidant Cyclic 3-Hydroxymelatonin Promotes the Growth and Flowering of Arabidopsis thaliana. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061157. [PMID: 35740053 PMCID: PMC9219689 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In plants, melatonin is metabolized into several compounds, including the potent antioxidant cyclic 3-hydroxymelatonin (3-OHM). Melatonin 3-hydroxylase (M3H), a member of the 2-oxo-glutarate-dependent enzyme family, is responsible for 3-OHM biosynthesis. Although rice M3H has been cloned, its roles are unclear, and no homologs in other plant species have been characterized. Here, we cloned and characterized Arabidopsis thaliana M3H (AtM3H). The purified recombinant AtM3H exhibited Km and Vmax values of 100 μM and 20.7 nmol/min/mg protein, respectively. M3H was localized to the cytoplasm, and its expression peaked at night. Based on a 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, 3-OHM exhibited 15-fold higher antioxidant activity than melatonin. An Arabidopsis M3H knockout mutant (m3h) produced less 3-OHM than the wildtype (WT), thus reducing antioxidant activity and biomass and delaying flowering. These defects were caused by reduced expression of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and gibberellin-related genes, which are responsible for flowering and growth. Exogenous 3-OHM, but not exogenous melatonin, induced FT expression. The peak of M3H expression at night matched the FT expression pattern. The WT and m3h exhibited similar responses to salt stress and pathogens. Collectively, our findings indicate that 3-OHM promotes growth and flowering in Arabidopsis.
Collapse
|
26
|
Molecular Regulation of Antioxidant Melatonin Biosynthesis by Brassinosteroid Acting as an Endogenous Elicitor of Melatonin Induction in Rice Seedlings. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050918. [PMID: 35624782 PMCID: PMC9137740 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gibberellic acid (GA) was recently shown to induce melatonin synthesis in rice. Here, we examined whether brassinosteroids (BRs) also induce melatonin synthesis because BRs and GA show redundancy in many functions. Among several plant hormones, exogenous BR treatment induced melatonin synthesis by twofold compared to control treatment, whereas ethylene, 6-benzylaminopurine (BA), and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) showed negligible effects on melatonin synthesis. Correspondingly, BR treatment also induced a number of melatonin biosynthetic genes in conjunction with the suppression of melatonin catabolic gene expression. Several transgenic rice plants with downregulated BR biosynthesis-related genes, such as DWARF4, DWARF11, and RAV-Like1 (RAVL1), were generated and exhibited decreased melatonin synthesis, indicating that BRs act as endogenous elicitors of melatonin synthesis. Notably, treatment with either GA or BR fully restored melatonin synthesis in the presence of paclobutrazol, a GA biosynthesis inhibitor. Moreover, exogenous BR treatment partially restored melatonin synthesis in both RAVL1 and Gα RNAi transgenic rice plants, whereas GA treatment fully restored melatonin synthesis comparable to wild type in RAVL1 RNAi plants. Taken together, our results highlight a role of BR as an endogenous elicitor of melatonin synthesis in a GA-independent manner in rice plants.
Collapse
|
27
|
Lee HY, Back K. 2-Hydroxymelatonin Promotes Seed Germination by Increasing Reactive Oxygen Species Production and Gibberellin Synthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040737. [PMID: 35453427 PMCID: PMC9028592 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
It was recently reported that 2-hydroxymelatonin (2-OHM) is responsible for inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants. ROS are crucial molecules that promote germination through interaction with hormones such as gibberellic acid (GA). In this study, to confirm the pro-oxidant role of 2-OHM, we investigated its effect on seed germination in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. Columbia-0. We found that 2-OHM treatment stimulated seed germination by 90% and 330% in non-dormant and dormant seeds, respectively, whereas melatonin marginally increased germination (~13%) in both seed types compared to untreated control seeds. The germination promotion effects of exogenous 2-OHM treatment were due to increased ROS production followed by the induction of GA synthesis and expression of responsive genes. Accordingly, melatonin 2-hydroxylase (M2H), the gene responsible for 2-OHM synthesis, was strictly expressed only during the germination process. Further molecular genetic analyses using m2h knockout mutant and M2H overexpression clearly supported an increase in ROS triggered by 2-OHM, followed by increased expression of GA-related genes, which shortened the time to germination. Notably, 2-OHM application to m2h knockout mutant seeds fully recovered germination to levels comparable to that of the wild type, whereas melatonin treatment failed to increase germination. Together, these results indicate that 2-OHM is a pivotal molecule that triggers increased ROS production during seed germination, thereby enhancing germination via the GA pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana.
Collapse
|