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Boter M, Diaz I. Contrasting defence mechanisms against spider mite infestation in cyanogenic and non-cyanogenic legumes. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 345:112118. [PMID: 38776983 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the complex interactions between plants and herbivores is essential for improving crop resistance. Aiming to expand the role of cyanogenesis in plant defence, we investigated the response of the cyanogenic Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean) and the non-cyanogenic Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean) to Tetranychus urticae (spider mite) infestation. Despite mite infesting both legumes, leaf damage infringed by this feeder was reduced in lima bean. Comparative transcriptome analyses revealed that both species exhibited substantial metabolic and transcriptional changes upon infestation, although alterations in P. lunatus were significantly more pronounced. Specific differences in amino acid homeostasis and key genes associated with the cyanogenic pathway were observed in these species, as well as the upregulation of the mandelonitrile lyase gene (PlMNL1) following T. urticae feeding. Concomitantly, the PIMNL1 activity increased. Lima bean plants also displayed an induction of β-cyanoalanine synthase (PlCYSC1), a key enzyme for cyanide detoxification, suggesting an internal regulatory mechanism to manage the toxicity of their defence responses. These findings contribute to our understanding of the legume-herbivore interactions and underscore the potential role of cyanogenesis in the elaboration of specific defensive responses, even within the same genus, which may reflect distinctive evolutionary adaptations or varying metabolic capabilities between species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Boter
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo, Madrid 20223, Spain
| | - Isabel Diaz
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo, Madrid 20223, Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain.
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2
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Hay AE, Deborde C, Dussarrat T, Moing A, Millery A, Hoang TPT, Touboul D, Rey M, Ledru L, Ibanez S, Pétriacq P, Vanhaverbeke C, Gallet C. Comparative metabolomics reveals how the severity of predation by the invasive insect Cydalima perspectalis modulates the metabolism re-orchestration of native Buxus sempervirens. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2024. [PMID: 38985650 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The recent biological invasion of box tree moth Cydalima perspectalis on Buxus trees has a major impact on European boxwood stands through severe defoliation. This can hinder further regrowth and threaten survival of populations. In a mesocosm approach and controlled larval density over a 2-month period, responses of B. sempervirens essential and specialized metabolites were characterized using metabolomics, combining 1H-NMR and LC-MS/MS approaches. This is the first metabolome depiction of major Buxus responses to boxwood moth invasion. Under severe predation, remaining green leaves accumulate free amino acids (with the noticeable exception of proline). The leaf trans-4-hydroxystachydrine and stachydrine reached 10-13% and 2-3% (DW), while root content was lower but also modulated by predation level. Larval predation promoted triterpenoid and (steroidal) alkaloid synthesis and diversification, while flavonoids did not seem to have a relevant role in Buxus resistance. Our results reveal the concomitant responses of central and specialized metabolism, in relation to severity of predation. They also confirm the potential of metabolic profiling using 1H-NMR and LC-MS to detect re-orchestration of metabolism of native boxwood after severe herbivorous predation by the invasive box-tree moth, and thus their relevance for plant-insect relationships and ecometabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Hay
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - CESN, UMR CNRS 5557, UMR INRAE 1418, VetAgro Sup, Villeurbanne, France
| | - C Deborde
- Université Bordeaux, INRAE, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, UMR 1332, Bordeaux, France
- Bordeaux Metabolome, MetaboHUB, PHENOME-EMPHASIS, Bordeaux, France
| | - T Dussarrat
- Université Bordeaux, INRAE, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, UMR 1332, Bordeaux, France
| | - A Moing
- Université Bordeaux, INRAE, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, UMR 1332, Bordeaux, France
- Bordeaux Metabolome, MetaboHUB, PHENOME-EMPHASIS, Bordeaux, France
| | - A Millery
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine UMR CNRS 5553, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - T P T Hoang
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D Touboul
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M Rey
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - CESN, UMR CNRS 5557, UMR INRAE 1418, VetAgro Sup, Villeurbanne, France
| | - L Ledru
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine UMR CNRS 5553, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - S Ibanez
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine UMR CNRS 5553, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - P Pétriacq
- Université Bordeaux, INRAE, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, UMR 1332, Bordeaux, France
- Bordeaux Metabolome, MetaboHUB, PHENOME-EMPHASIS, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - C Gallet
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine UMR CNRS 5553, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
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Lacrampe N, Lugan R, Dumont D, Nicot PC, Lecompte F, Colombié S. Modelling metabolic fluxes of tomato stems reveals that nitrogen shapes central metabolism for defence against Botrytis cinerea. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:4093-4110. [PMID: 38551810 PMCID: PMC11233421 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Among plant pathogens, the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea is one of the most prevalent, leading to severe crop damage. Studies related to its colonization of different plant species have reported variable host metabolic responses to infection. In tomato, high N availability leads to decreased susceptibility. Metabolic flux analysis can be used as an integrated method to better understand which metabolic adaptations lead to effective host defence and resistance. Here, we investigated the metabolic response of tomato infected by B. cinerea in symptomless stem tissues proximal to the lesions for 7 d post-inoculation, using a reconstructed metabolic model constrained by a large and consistent metabolic dataset acquired under four different N supplies. An overall comparison of 48 flux solution vectors of Botrytis- and mock-inoculated plants showed that fluxes were higher in Botrytis-inoculated plants, and the difference increased with a reduction in available N, accompanying an unexpected increase in radial growth. Despite higher fluxes, such as those involved in cell wall synthesis and other pathways, fluxes related to glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and amino acid and protein synthesis were limited under very low N, which might explain the enhanced susceptibility. Limiting starch synthesis and enhancing fluxes towards redox and specialized metabolism also contributed to defence independent of N supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Lacrampe
- PSH unit, INRAE, F-84914 Avignon, France
- UMR Qualisud, Avignon Université, F-84916 Avignon, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Sophie Colombié
- UMR 1332 BFP, INRAE, Univ Bordeaux, F-33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France
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Barchanska H, Malejka A, Płonka J. Non-target metabolomics approach for the investigation of the hidden effects induced by atrazine and its degradation products on plant metabolism. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 359:142298. [PMID: 38729438 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Japanese radish (Raphanus sativus var. longipinnatus) plants grown under laboratory conditions were individually exposed to the same doses of atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-1,3,5-triazine, ATR) or its main degradation products: either 2-amino-4-chloro-6-isopropylamino-1,3,5-triazine (DEA) or 2-amino-4-chloro-6-ethylamino-1,3,5-triazine (DIA) or desethyl-desisopropyl-atrazine (DEDIA) or 4-(ethylamino)-2-hydroxy-6-(isopropylamino)-1,3,5-triazine (HA), respectively. One week after treatment in plants exposed to ATR, DIA, and DEA, their concentrations were 7.8 μg/g, 9.7 μg/g, and 14.5 μg/g, respectively, while those treated with DEDIA and HA did not contain these compounds. These results were correlated with plant amino acid profile obtained by suspect screening analysis and metabolomic "fingerprint" based on non-target analysis, obtained by liquid chromatography coupled with QTRAP triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. In all cases, both ATR and its by-products were found to interfere with the plant's amino acid profile and modify its metabolic "fingerprint". Therefore, we proved that the non-target metabolomics approach is an effective tool for investigating the hidden effects of pesticides and their transformation products, which is particularly important as these compounds may reduce the quality of edible plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Barchanska
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Poland
| | - Anna Malejka
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Poland
| | - Joanna Płonka
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Poland; Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Poland.
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Spanò R, Petrozza A, Summerer S, Fortunato S, de Pinto MC, Cellini F, Mascia T. Overview of transcriptome changes and phenomic profile of sanitized artichoke vis-à-vis non-sanitized plants. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2024. [PMID: 38924230 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Plant tissue in vitro culture is increasingly used in agriculture to improve crop production, nutritional quality, and commercial value. In plant virology, the technique is used as sanitation protocol to produce virus-free plants. Sanitized (S) artichokes show increased vigour compared to their non-sanitized (NS) counterparts, because viral infections lead to a decline of growth and development. To investigate mechanisms that control the complex traits related to morphology, growth, and yield in S artichokes compared to NS plants, RNAseq analysis and phenotyping by imaging were used. The role of peroxidases (POD) was also investigated to understand their involvement in sanitized plant development. Results showed that virus infection affected regulation of cell cycle, gene expression and signal transduction modulating cellular response to stimulus/stress. Moreover, primary metabolism and photosynthesis were also influenced, contributing to explain the main morphological differences observed between S and NS artichokes. Sanitized artichokes are also characterized by higher POD activity, probably associated with increased plant growth, rather than strengthening of cell walls. Overall, results show that the differences in development of S artichokes may be derived from the in vitro culture stressor, as well as through pathogen elimination, which, in turn, improve qualitative and quantitative artichoke production.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Spanò
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - A Petrozza
- Agenzia Lucana di Sviluppo e di Innovazione in Agricoltura (ALSIA), Centro Ricerche Metapontum Agrobios, Metaponto di Bernalda, Italy
| | - S Summerer
- Agenzia Lucana di Sviluppo e di Innovazione in Agricoltura (ALSIA), Centro Ricerche Metapontum Agrobios, Metaponto di Bernalda, Italy
| | - S Fortunato
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - M C de Pinto
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - F Cellini
- Agenzia Lucana di Sviluppo e di Innovazione in Agricoltura (ALSIA), Centro Ricerche Metapontum Agrobios, Metaponto di Bernalda, Italy
| | - T Mascia
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
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Seong GU, Yun DY, Shin DH, Cho JS, Lee G, Choi JH, Park KJ, Ku KH, Lim JH. Comparative 1H NMR-Based Metabolomics of Traditional Landrace and Disease-Resistant Chili Peppers ( Capsicum annuum L.). Foods 2024; 13:1966. [PMID: 38998472 PMCID: PMC11241277 DOI: 10.3390/foods13131966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Chili peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) are economically valuable crops belonging to the Solanaceae family and are popular worldwide because of their unique spiciness and flavor. In this study, differences in the metabolomes of landrace (Subicho) and disease-resistant pepper cultivars (Bulkala and Kaltanbaksa) widely grown in Korea are investigated using a 1H NMR-based metabolomics approach. Specific metabolites were abundant in the pericarp (GABA, fructose, and glutamine) and placenta (glucose, asparagine, arginine, and capsaicin), highlighting the distinct physiological and functional roles of these components. Both the pericarp and placenta of disease-resistant pepper cultivars contained higher levels of sucrose and hexoses and lower levels of alanine, proline, and threonine than the traditional landrace cultivar. These metabolic differences are linked to enhanced stress tolerance and the activation of defense pathways, imbuing these cultivars with improved resistance characteristics. The present study provides fundamental insights into the metabolic basis of disease resistance in chili peppers, emphasizing the importance of multi-resistant varieties to ensure sustainable agriculture and food security. These resistant varieties ensure a stable supply of high-quality peppers, contributing to safer and more sustainable food production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi-Un Seong
- Food Safety and Distribution Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; (G.-U.S.); (D.-Y.Y.); (D.-H.S.); (J.-S.C.); (J.H.C.); (K.-J.P.); (K.-H.K.)
| | - Dae-Yong Yun
- Food Safety and Distribution Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; (G.-U.S.); (D.-Y.Y.); (D.-H.S.); (J.-S.C.); (J.H.C.); (K.-J.P.); (K.-H.K.)
| | - Dong-Hyeok Shin
- Food Safety and Distribution Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; (G.-U.S.); (D.-Y.Y.); (D.-H.S.); (J.-S.C.); (J.H.C.); (K.-J.P.); (K.-H.K.)
| | - Jeong-Seok Cho
- Food Safety and Distribution Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; (G.-U.S.); (D.-Y.Y.); (D.-H.S.); (J.-S.C.); (J.H.C.); (K.-J.P.); (K.-H.K.)
- Smart Food Manufacturing Project Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea;
| | - Gyuseok Lee
- Smart Food Manufacturing Project Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jeong Hee Choi
- Food Safety and Distribution Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; (G.-U.S.); (D.-Y.Y.); (D.-H.S.); (J.-S.C.); (J.H.C.); (K.-J.P.); (K.-H.K.)
- Smart Food Manufacturing Project Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kee-Jai Park
- Food Safety and Distribution Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; (G.-U.S.); (D.-Y.Y.); (D.-H.S.); (J.-S.C.); (J.H.C.); (K.-J.P.); (K.-H.K.)
- Smart Food Manufacturing Project Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kyung-Hyung Ku
- Food Safety and Distribution Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; (G.-U.S.); (D.-Y.Y.); (D.-H.S.); (J.-S.C.); (J.H.C.); (K.-J.P.); (K.-H.K.)
| | - Jeong-Ho Lim
- Food Safety and Distribution Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; (G.-U.S.); (D.-Y.Y.); (D.-H.S.); (J.-S.C.); (J.H.C.); (K.-J.P.); (K.-H.K.)
- Smart Food Manufacturing Project Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea;
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Wang Y, Liao R, Pan H, Wang X, Wan X, Han B, Song C. Comparative metabolic profiling of the mycelium and fermentation broth of Penicillium restrictum from Peucedanum praeruptorum rhizosphere. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2024; 16:e13286. [PMID: 38844388 PMCID: PMC11156492 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.13286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Microorganisms in the rhizosphere, particularly arbuscular mycorrhiza, have a broad symbiotic relationship with their host plants. One of the major fungi isolated from the rhizosphere of Peucedanum praeruptorum is Penicillium restrictum. The relationship between the metabolites of P. restrictum and the root exudates of P. praeruptorum is being investigated. The accumulation of metabolites in the mycelium and fermentation broth of P. restrictum was analysed over different fermentation periods. Non-targeted metabolomics was used to compare the differences in intracellular and extracellular metabolites over six periods. There were significant differences in the content and types of mycelial metabolites during the incubation. Marmesin, an important intermediate in the biosynthesis of coumarins, was found in the highest amount on the fourth day of incubation. The differential metabolites were screened to obtain 799 intracellular and 468 extracellular differential metabolites. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis showed that the highly enriched extracellular metabolic pathways were alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, and terpenoid backbone biosynthesis. In addition, the enrichment analysis associated with intracellular and extracellular ATP-binding cassette transporter proteins revealed that some ATP-binding cassette transporters may be involved in the transportation of certain amino acids and carbohydrates. Our results provide some theoretical basis for the regulatory mechanisms between the rhizosphere and the host plant and pave the way for the heterologous production of furanocoumarin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- School of PharmacyAnhui University of Chinese MedicineHefeiChina
- Anhui Dabieshan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui Engineering Research Center for Eco‐agriculture of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical EngineeringWest Anhui UniversityLuanChina
| | - Ranran Liao
- School of PharmacyAnhui University of Chinese MedicineHefeiChina
- Anhui Dabieshan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui Engineering Research Center for Eco‐agriculture of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical EngineeringWest Anhui UniversityLuanChina
| | - Haoyu Pan
- Anhui Dabieshan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui Engineering Research Center for Eco‐agriculture of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical EngineeringWest Anhui UniversityLuanChina
- School of Life ScienceAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Xuejun Wang
- Anhui Dabieshan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui Engineering Research Center for Eco‐agriculture of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical EngineeringWest Anhui UniversityLuanChina
| | - Xiaoting Wan
- School of PharmacyAnhui University of Chinese MedicineHefeiChina
- Anhui Dabieshan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui Engineering Research Center for Eco‐agriculture of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical EngineeringWest Anhui UniversityLuanChina
| | - Bangxing Han
- School of PharmacyAnhui University of Chinese MedicineHefeiChina
- Anhui Dabieshan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui Engineering Research Center for Eco‐agriculture of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical EngineeringWest Anhui UniversityLuanChina
| | - Cheng Song
- Anhui Dabieshan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui Engineering Research Center for Eco‐agriculture of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical EngineeringWest Anhui UniversityLuanChina
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Wang X, Li X, Dong S. Biochemical characterization and metabolic reprogramming of amino acids in Soybean roots under drought stress. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14319. [PMID: 38693848 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Amino acids play important roles in stress resistance, plant growth, development, and quality, with roots serving as the primary organs for drought response. We conducted biochemical and multi-omics analyses to investigate the metabolic processes of root amino acids in drought-resistant (HN44) and drought-sensitive (HN65) soybean (Glycine max) varieties. Our analysis revealed an increase in total amino acid content in both varieties, with phenylalanine, proline, and methionine accumulating in both. Additionally, several amino acids exhibited significant decreases in HN65 but slight increases in HN44. Multi-omics association analysis identified 13 amino acid-related pathways. We thoroughly examined the changes in genes and metabolites involved in various amino acid metabolism/synthesis and determined core genes and metabolites through correlation networks. The phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan metabolic pathways and proline, glutamic acid and sulfur-containing amino acid pathways were particularly important for drought resistance. Some candidate genes, such as ProDH and P4HA family genes, and metabolites, such as O-acetyl-L-serine, directly affected up- and downstream metabolism to induce drought resistance. This study provided a basis for soybean drought resistance breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyue Wang
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Agricultural Engineering Vocational College, Harbin, China
| | - Shoukun Dong
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Montesinos Á, Sacristán S, Del Prado-Polonio P, Arnaiz A, Díaz-González S, Diaz I, Santamaria ME. Contrasting plant transcriptome responses between a pierce-sucking and a chewing herbivore go beyond the infestation site. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:120. [PMID: 38369495 PMCID: PMC10875829 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04806-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants have acquired a repertoire of mechanisms to combat biotic stressors, which may vary depending on the feeding strategies of herbivores and the plant species. Hormonal regulation crucially modulates this malleable defense response. Jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) stand out as pivotal regulators of defense, while other hormones like abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene (ET), gibberellic acid (GA) or auxin also play a role in modulating plant-pest interactions. The plant defense response has been described to elicit effects in distal tissues, whereby aboveground herbivory can influence belowground response, and vice versa. This impact on distal tissues may be contingent upon the feeding guild, even affecting both the recovery of infested tissues and those that have not suffered active infestation. RESULTS To study how phytophagous with distinct feeding strategies may differently trigger the plant defense response during and after infestation in both infested and distal tissues, Arabidopsis thaliana L. rosettes were infested separately with the chewing herbivore Pieris brassicae L. and the piercing-sucker Tetranychus urticae Koch. Moderate infestation conditions were selected for both pests, though no quantitative control of damage levels was carried out. Feeding mode did distinctly influence the transcriptomic response of the plant under these conditions. Though overall affected processes were similar under either infestation, their magnitude differed significantly. Plants infested with P. brassicae exhibited a short-term response, involving stress-related genes, JA and ABA regulation and suppressing growth-related genes. In contrast, T. urticae elicited a longer transcriptomic response in plants, albeit with a lower degree of differential expression, in particular influencing SA regulation. These distinct defense responses transcended beyond infestation and through the roots, where hormonal response, flavonoid regulation or cell wall reorganization were differentially affected. CONCLUSION These outcomes confirm that the existent divergent transcriptomic responses elicited by herbivores employing distinct feeding strategies possess the capacity to extend beyond infestation and even affect tissues that have not been directly infested. This remarks the importance of considering the entire plant's response to localized biotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Montesinos
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC) Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad de Zaragoza, Calle Pedro Cerbuna, 12, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - Soledad Sacristán
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC) Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Palmira Del Prado-Polonio
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC) Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Arnaiz
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC) Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza de Misael Bañuelos s/n, Burgos, 09001, Spain
| | - Sandra Díaz-González
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC) Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Diaz
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC) Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Estrella Santamaria
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC) Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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10
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Feng S, Jiang X, Huang Z, Li F, Wang R, Yuan X, Sun Z, Tan H, Zhong L, Li S, Cheng Y, Bao M, Qiao H, Song Q, Wang J, Zhang F. DNA methylation remodeled amino acids biosynthesis regulates flower senescence in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus). THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:1605-1620. [PMID: 38179647 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Dynamic DNA methylation regulatory networks are involved in many biological processes. However, how DNA methylation patterns change during flower senescence and their relevance with gene expression and related molecular mechanism remain largely unknown. Here, we used whole genome bisulfite sequencing to reveal a significant increase of DNA methylation in the promoter region of genes during natural and ethylene-induced flower senescence in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.), which was correlated with decreased expression of DNA demethylase gene DcROS1. Silencing of DcROS1 accelerated while overexpression of DcROS1 delayed carnation flower senescence. Moreover, among the hypermethylated differentially expressed genes during flower senescence, we identified two amino acid biosynthesis genes, DcCARA and DcDHAD, with increased DNA methylation and reduced expression in DcROS1 silenced petals, and decreased DNA methylation and increased expression in DcROS1 overexpression petals, accompanied by decreased or increased amino acids content. Silencing of DcCARA and DcDHAD accelerates carnation flower senescence. We further showed that adding corresponding amino acids could largely rescue the senescence phenotype of DcROS1, DcCARA and DcDHAD silenced plants. Our study not only demonstrates an essential role of DcROS1-mediated remodeling of DNA methylation in flower senescence but also unravels a novel epigenetic regulatory mechanism underlying DNA methylation and amino acid biosynthesis during flower senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Feng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
- National R&D Center for Citrus Postharvest Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xinyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhiheng Huang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
- National R&D Center for Citrus Postharvest Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Fan Li
- Yunnan Seed Laboratory, Kunming, 650200, China
- Floriculture Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Ornamental Horticulture, Key Laboratory for Flower Breeding of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650200, China
| | - Ruiming Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
- National R&D Center for Citrus Postharvest Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xinyi Yuan
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
- National R&D Center for Citrus Postharvest Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zheng Sun
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
- National R&D Center for Citrus Postharvest Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hualiang Tan
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
- National R&D Center for Citrus Postharvest Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Linlin Zhong
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- National R&D Center for Citrus Postharvest Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shenchong Li
- Yunnan Seed Laboratory, Kunming, 650200, China
- Floriculture Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Ornamental Horticulture, Key Laboratory for Flower Breeding of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650200, China
| | - Yunjiang Cheng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
- National R&D Center for Citrus Postharvest Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Manzhu Bao
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- The Institute of Flowers Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Huazhong Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hong Qiao
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Qingxin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jihua Wang
- Yunnan Seed Laboratory, Kunming, 650200, China
- Floriculture Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Ornamental Horticulture, Key Laboratory for Flower Breeding of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650200, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
- National R&D Center for Citrus Postharvest Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Yunnan Seed Laboratory, Kunming, 650200, China
- The Institute of Flowers Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Huazhong Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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11
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Zhao Y, Liu T, Wu S, Zhang D, Xiao Z, Ren Z, Li L, Liu S, Xiao Y, Tang Q. Insight into the soil bacterial community succession of Nicotiana benthamiana in response to Tobacco mosaic virus. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1341296. [PMID: 38357345 PMCID: PMC10864551 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1341296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is one famous plant virus responsible for substantial economic losses worldwide. However, the roles of bacterial communities in response to TMV in the tobacco rhizosphere remain unclear. Methods We explored the soil physicochemical properties and bacterial community succession of the healthy (YTH) and diseased (YTD) plants with TMV infection by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. Results We found that soil pH in the YTD group was significantly lower than in the YTH group, and the soil available nutrients were substantially higher. The bacterial community analysis found that the diversity and structure significantly differed post-TMV disease onset. With TMV inoculated, the alpha diversity of the bacterial community in the YTD was markedly higher than that in the YTH group at the early stage. However, the alpha diversity in the YTD group subsequently decreased to lower than in the YTH group. The early bacterial structure of healthy plants exhibited higher susceptibility to TMV infection, whereas, in the subsequent stages, there was an enrichment of beneficial bacterial (e.g., Ramlibacter, Sphingomonas, Streptomyces, and Niastella) and enhanced energy metabolism and nucleotide metabolism in bacteria. Conclusion The initial soil bacterial community exhibited susceptibility to TMV infection, which might contribute to strengthening resistance of Tobacco to TMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiang Zhao
- College of Plant Protection and College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | | | | | - Deyong Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | | | - Zuohua Ren
- College of Plant Protection and College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Lingling Li
- College of Plant Protection and College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Suoni Liu
- College of Plant Protection and College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yunhua Xiao
- College of Plant Protection and College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Qianjun Tang
- College of Plant Protection and College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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12
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Van de Waal DB, White LA, Everett R, Asik L, Borer ET, Frenken T, González AL, Paseka R, Seabloom EW, Strauss AT, Peace A. Reconciling contrasting effects of nitrogen on host immunity and pathogen transmission using stoichiometric models. Ecology 2023; 104:e4170. [PMID: 37755721 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Hosts rely on the availability of nutrients for growth, and for defense against pathogens. At the same time, changes in host nutrition can alter the dynamics of pathogens that rely on their host for reproduction. For primary producer hosts, enhanced nutrient loads may increase host biomass or pathogen reproduction, promoting faster density-dependent pathogen transmission. However, the effect of elevated nutrients may be reduced if hosts allocate a growth-limiting nutrient to pathogen defense. In canonical disease models, transmission is not a function of nutrient availability. Yet, including nutrient availability is necessary to mechanistically understand the response of infection to changes in the environment. Here, we explore the implications of nutrient-mediated pathogen infectivity and host immunity on infection outcomes. We developed a stoichiometric disease model that explicitly integrates the contrasting dependencies of pathogen infectivity and host immunity on nitrogen (N) and parameterized it for an algal-host system. Our findings reveal dynamic shifts in host biomass build-up, pathogen prevalence, and the force of infection along N supply gradients with N-mediated host infectivity and immunity, compared with a model in which the transmission rate was fixed. We show contrasting responses in pathogen performance with increasing N supply between N-mediated infectivity and N-mediated immunity, revealing an optimum for pathogen transmission at intermediate N supply. This was caused by N limitation of the pathogen at a low N supply and by pathogen suppression via enhanced host immunity at a high N supply. By integrating both nutrient-mediated pathogen infectivity and host immunity into a stoichiometric model, we provide a theoretical framework that is a first step in reconciling the contrasting role nutrients can have on host-pathogen dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dedmer B Van de Waal
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lauren A White
- National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center (SESYNC), University of Maryland, Annapolis, Maryland, USA
| | - Rebecca Everett
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lale Asik
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of the Incarnate Word, San Antonio, Texas, USA
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Elizabeth T Borer
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Thijs Frenken
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research (GLIER), University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angélica L González
- Department of Biology and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Rutgers University, Camden, New Jersey, USA
| | - Rachel Paseka
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Eric W Seabloom
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Alexander T Strauss
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- River Basin Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Angela Peace
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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13
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Marcotrigiano AR, Carluccio AV, Unachukwu N, Adeoti SR, Abdulsalam T, Gedil M, Menkir A, Gisel A, Stavolone L. Hydroxamic acids: New players in the multifactorial mechanisms of maize resistance to Striga hermonthica. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 204:108134. [PMID: 37883916 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Striga hermonthica is the most widespread and destructive plant parasite infesting maize and other major crops in sub-Saharan Africa where it causes severe yield losses and threatens food security. Several tolerant maize lines supporting reduced S. hermonthica emergence have been deployed. However, the molecular bases of such resistance are yet poorly understood. Based on a time course comparative gene expression analysis between susceptible and resistant maize lines we have confirmed resistance mechanisms known to be activated upon plant parasite infestation and identified potential novel players worth further investigation e.g. iron homeostasis and mitochondrial respiration-related genes. Most intriguingly, we show a previously unknown strategy of maize post-attachment resistance based on DIMBOA accumulation in S. hermonthica-infested maize roots. S. hermonthica infestation triggers positive regulation of gene expression in the hydroxamic acid (HA) pathway culminating with an accumulation of benzoxazinoids (BX), known for their antifeedant, insecticidal, antimicrobial, and allelopathic activities. We demonstrate that HA root content is positively correlated with S. hermonthica resistance in the resistant parent and its progenies and in unrelated maize lines. Downregulation of HA genes causes increased susceptibility to S. hermonthica infestation in loss-of-function maize mutants. While the mechanism of BX action in parasitic plant resistance is yet to be uncovered, the potential of this discovery for developing effective control and breeding strategies is enormous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Raffaele Marcotrigiano
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Vittoria Carluccio
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria; Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, CNR, Bari, Italy
| | - Nnanna Unachukwu
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Toyin Abdulsalam
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Melaku Gedil
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Abebe Menkir
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Andreas Gisel
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria; Institute for Biomedical Technologies, CNR, Bari, Italy
| | - Livia Stavolone
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria; Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, CNR, Bari, Italy.
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14
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Ingrisano R, Tosato E, Trost P, Gurrieri L, Sparla F. Proline, Cysteine and Branched-Chain Amino Acids in Abiotic Stress Response of Land Plants and Microalgae. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3410. [PMID: 37836150 PMCID: PMC10574504 DOI: 10.3390/plants12193410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Proteinogenic amino acids are the building blocks of protein, and plants synthesize all of them. In addition to their importance in plant growth and development, growing evidence underlines the central role played by amino acids and their derivatives in regulating several pathways involved in biotic and abiotic stress responses. In the present review, we illustrate (i) the role of amino acids as an energy source capable of replacing sugars as electron donors to the mitochondrial electron transport chain and (ii) the role of amino acids as precursors of osmolytes as well as (iii) precursors of secondary metabolites. Among the amino acids involved in drought stress response, proline and cysteine play a special role. Besides the large proline accumulation occurring in response to drought stress, proline can export reducing equivalents to sink tissues and organs, and the production of H2S deriving from the metabolism of cysteine can mediate post-translational modifications that target protein cysteines themselves. Although our general understanding of microalgae stress physiology is still fragmentary, a general overview of how unicellular photosynthetic organisms deal with salt stress is also provided because of the growing interest in microalgae in applied sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Libero Gurrieri
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology FaBiT, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (R.I.); (E.T.); (P.T.); (F.S.)
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15
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Bvindi C, Howe K, Wang Y, Mullen RT, Rogan CJ, Anderson JC, Goyer A. Potato Non-Specific Lipid Transfer Protein StnsLTPI.33 Is Associated with the Production of Reactive Oxygen Species, Plant Growth, and Susceptibility to Alternaria solani. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3129. [PMID: 37687375 PMCID: PMC10490331 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Plant non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) are small proteins capable of transferring phospholipids between membranes and binding non-specifically fatty acids in vitro. They constitute large gene families in plants, e.g., 83 in potato (Solanum tuberosum). Despite their recognition decades ago, very few have been functionally characterized. Here, we set out to better understand the function of one of the potato members, StnsLTPI.33. Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, we show that StnsLTPI.33 is expressed throughout the potato plant, but at relatively higher levels in roots and leaves compared to petals, anthers, and the ovary. We also show that ectopically-expressed StnsLTPI.33 fused to green fluorescent protein colocalized with an apoplastic marker in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, indicating that StnsLTPI.33 is targeted to the apoplast. Constitutive overexpression of the StnsLTPI.33 gene in potato led to increased levels of superoxide anions and reduced plant growth, particularly under salt stress conditions, and enhanced susceptibility to Alternaria solani. In addition, StnsLTPI.33-overexpressing plants had a depleted leaf pool of pipecolic acid, threonic acid, and glycine, while they accumulated putrescine. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an nsLTP that is associated with enhanced susceptibility to a pathogen in potato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Bvindi
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (C.B.); (K.H.); (C.J.R.); (J.C.A.)
| | - Kate Howe
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (C.B.); (K.H.); (C.J.R.); (J.C.A.)
| | - You Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (Y.W.); (R.T.M.)
| | - Robert T. Mullen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (Y.W.); (R.T.M.)
| | - Conner J. Rogan
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (C.B.); (K.H.); (C.J.R.); (J.C.A.)
| | - Jeffrey C. Anderson
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (C.B.); (K.H.); (C.J.R.); (J.C.A.)
| | - Aymeric Goyer
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (C.B.); (K.H.); (C.J.R.); (J.C.A.)
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16
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Alseekh S, Karakas E, Zhu F, Wijesingha Ahchige M, Fernie AR. Plant biochemical genetics in the multiomics era. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:4293-4307. [PMID: 37170864 PMCID: PMC10433942 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of plant biology has been revolutionized by modern genetics and biochemistry. However, biochemical genetics can be traced back to the foundation of Mendelian genetics; indeed, one of Mendel's milestone discoveries of seven characteristics of pea plants later came to be ascribed to a mutation in a starch branching enzyme. Here, we review both current and historical strategies for the elucidation of plant metabolic pathways and the genes that encode their component enzymes and regulators. We use this historical review to discuss a range of classical genetic phenomena including epistasis, canalization, and heterosis as viewed through the lens of contemporary high-throughput data obtained via the array of approaches currently adopted in multiomics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh Alseekh
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Esra Karakas
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Feng Zhu
- National R&D Center for Citrus Preservation, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | | | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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17
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Wang Y, Wu W, Zhang L, Jiang H, Mei L. Variations in amino acids caused by drought stress mediate the predisposition of Carya cathayensis to Botryosphaeria canker disease. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:4628-4641. [PMID: 37129574 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses can affect the outcome of plant-pathogen interactions, mostly by predisposing the host plant to infection; however, the crosstalk between pathogens and plants related to such predisposition remains unclear. Here, we investigated the predisposition of Carya cathayensis to infection by the fungal pathogen Botryosphaeria dothidea (Bd) caused by drought in the host plant. High levels of drought stress resulted in a significant increase in plant susceptibility to Bd. Drought significantly induced the accumulation of H2O2 and the free amino acids Pro, Leu, and Ile, and in the phloem tissues of plants, and decreased the content of non-structural carbohydrates. In vitro assays showed that Bd was sensitive to H2O2; however, Pro played a protective role against exogenous H2O2. Leu, Ile, and Pro induced asexual reproduction of Bd. Our results provide the first analysis of how drought predisposes C. cathayensis to Botrysphaeria canker via amino acid accumulation in the host plant, and we propose a model that integrates the plant-pathogen interactions involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Wang
- College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenbin Wu
- College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liqin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Mei
- College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
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18
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Miao W, Yang Y, Wu M, Huang G, Ge L, Liu Y, Guan Z, Chen S, Fang W, Chen F, Zhao S. Potential pathways and genes expressed in Chrysanthemum in response to early fusarium oxysporum infection. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:312. [PMID: 37308810 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04331-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chrysanthemum Fusarium wilt is a common fungal disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum, which causes continuous cropping obstacles and huge losses to the chrysanthemum industry. The defense mechanism of chrysanthemum against F. oxysporum remains unclear, especially during the early stages of the disease. Therefore, in the present study, we analyzed chrysanthemum 'Jinba' samples inoculated with F. oxysporum at 0, 3, and 72 h using RNA-seq. RESULTS The results revealed that 7985 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were co-expressed at 3 and 72 h after F. oxysporum infection. We analyzed the identified DEGs using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology. The DEGs were primarily enriched in "Plant pathogen interaction", "MAPK signaling pathway", "Starch and sucrose metabolism", and "Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites". Genes related to the synthesis of secondary metabolites were upregulated in chrysanthemum early during the inoculation period. Furthermore, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase enzymes were consistently produced to accumulate large amounts of phenolic compounds to resist F. oxysporum infection. Additionally, genes related to the proline metabolic pathway were upregulated, and proline levels accumulated within 72 h, regulating osmotic balance in chrysanthemum. Notably, the soluble sugar content in chrysanthemum decreased early during the inoculation period; we speculate that this is a self-protective mechanism of chrysanthemums for inhibiting fungal reproduction by reducing the sugar content in vivo. In the meantime, we screened for transcription factors that respond to F. oxysporum at an early stage and analyzed the relationship between WRKY and DEGs in the "Plant-pathogen interaction" pathway. We screened a key WRKY as a research target for subsequent experiments. CONCLUSION This study revealed the relevant physiological responses and gene expression changes in chrysanthemum in response to F. oxysporum infection, and provided a relevant candidate gene pool for subsequent studies on chrysanthemum Fusarium wilt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihao Miao
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key laboratory of landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yanrong Yang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key laboratory of landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Mengtong Wu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key laboratory of landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Gan Huang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key laboratory of landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Lijiao Ge
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key laboratory of landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ye Liu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key laboratory of landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zhiyong Guan
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key laboratory of landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Sumei Chen
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key laboratory of landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Weimin Fang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key laboratory of landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Fadi Chen
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key laboratory of landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- Key laboratory of landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, PR China.
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19
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Chen L, Ma Y, He T, Chen T, Pan Y, Zhou D, Li X, Lu Y, Wu Q, Wang L. Integrated transcriptome and metabolome analysis unveil the response mechanism in wild rice ( Zizania latifolia griseb.) against sheath rot infection. Front Genet 2023; 14:1163464. [PMID: 37359383 PMCID: PMC10289006 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1163464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sheath rot disease (SRD) is one of the most devastating diseases of Manchurian wild rice (MWR) (Zizania latifolia Griseb). Pilot experiments in our laboratory have shown that an MWR cultivar "Zhejiao NO.7"exhibits signs of SRD tolerance. To explore the responses of Zhejiao No. 7 to SRD infection, we used a combined transcriptome and metabolome analysis approach. A total of 136 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs, 114 up- and 22 down-accumulated in FA compared to CK) were detected. These up-accumulated metabolites were enriched in tryptophan metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, flavonoids, and phytohormone signaling. Transcriptome sequencing results showed the differential expression of 11,280 genes (DEGs, 5,933 up-, and 5,347 downregulated in FA compared to CK). The genes expressed in tryptophan metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling, and reactive oxygen species homeostasis confirmed the metabolite results. In addition, genes related to the cell wall, carbohydrate metabolism, and plant-pathogen interaction (especially hypersensitive response) showed changes in expression in response to SRD infection. These results provide a basis for understanding the response mechanisms in MWR to FA attack that can be used for breeding SRD-tolerant MWR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Chen
- Lishui Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yamin Ma
- Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Jinyun County, Jinyun, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tianjun He
- Lishui Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - TingTing Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiming Pan
- Lishui Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dayun Zhou
- Lishui Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yaobin Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Quancong Wu
- Lishui Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lailiang Wang
- Lishui Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
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20
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Mashabela MD, Tugizimana F, Steenkamp PA, Piater LA, Dubery IA, Mhlongo MI. Metabolite profiling of susceptible and resistant wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars responding to Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici infection. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:293. [PMID: 37264330 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04313-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) is an economically devasting disease that is prominent in cereal crops such as wheat (Triticum aestivum). The fungal pathogen can cause approximately 30-70% losses in crop productivity and yields. Pst has become difficult to manage due to its ease of transmission through wind dispersal over long distances, and intercontinental dispersal has been previously reported. The ease of transmission has resulted in further destruction because of new and more virulent strains infecting crops previously resistant to a different strain. RESULTS In this study, a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomics approach, in combination with multivariate data analytical tools, was used to elucidate the mechanistic nature of the defence systems of a Pst-resistant and a susceptible wheat cultivar infected with P. striiformis. We also investigated the time-dependant metabolic reconfiguration of infected plants over a four-week period. The untargeted metabolomic analysis revealed a time-course metabolic reprogramming involving phenylpropanoids (majority flavonoids), amino acids, lipids, benzoic acids, TCA cycle intermediates and benzoxazinoids responding to Pst infection. Interestingly, the results do not show a linear course for the decrease and increase (up-/down-regulation) of said classes of metabolites, but rather the up- or down-regulation of specific metabolites in response to the pathogen infection. The resistant Koonap cultivar had an abundance of phenolic compounds such as rutin, isoorintin-7-O-glucoside and luteolin-6-C-hexoside-O-hexoside. These compounds showed a decrease over time in control Koonap plants compared to an increase in Pst-infected plants. These metabolites were down-regulated in the susceptible Gariep cultivar, which could serve as biomarkers for plant responses to biotic stress and resistance against Pst. CONCLUSIONS Overall, an LC-MS-based metabolomics approach allowed for the metabolic profiling and analysis of the impact of plant-pathogen interactions on the overall plant metabolome and provided a real-time snapshot of the differential significant metabolic perturbations occurring in wheat plants responding to the Pst pathogen. The Pst-resistant Koonap cultivar showed a rapid accumulation of defence metabolites in response to pathogen infection compared to the susceptible Gariep cultivar. These findings provide insight into the mechanistic biochemical nature of plant-microbe interactions and the prospects of metabolic engineering for improved plant tolerance and resistance to biotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manamele Dannies Mashabela
- Research Centre for Plant Metabolomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, P.O. Box 524, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa
| | - Fidele Tugizimana
- Research Centre for Plant Metabolomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, P.O. Box 524, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa
- International Research and Development Division, Omnia Group, Ltd, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa
| | - Paul Anton Steenkamp
- Research Centre for Plant Metabolomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, P.O. Box 524, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa
| | - Lizelle Ann Piater
- Research Centre for Plant Metabolomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, P.O. Box 524, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa
| | - Ian Augustus Dubery
- Research Centre for Plant Metabolomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, P.O. Box 524, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa
| | - Msizi Innocent Mhlongo
- Research Centre for Plant Metabolomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, P.O. Box 524, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa.
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21
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Jia A, Huang S, Ma S, Chang X, Han Z, Chai J. TIR-catalyzed nucleotide signaling molecules in plant defense. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 73:102334. [PMID: 36702016 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Toll and interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain is a conserved immune module in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Signaling regulated by TIR-only proteins or TIR domain-containing intracellular immune receptors is critical for plant immunity. Recent studies demonstrated that TIR domains function as enzymes encoding a variety of activities, which manifest different mechanisms for regulation of plant immunity. These enzymatic activities catalyze metabolism of NAD+, ATP and other nucleic acids, generating structurally diversified nucleotide metabolites. Signaling roles have been revealed for some TIR enzymatic products that can act as second messengers to induce plant immunity. Herein, we summarize our current knowledge about catalytic production of these nucleotide metabolites and their roles in plant immune signaling. We also highlight outstanding questions that are likely to be the focus of future investigations about TIR-produced signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aolin Jia
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shijia Huang
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shoucai Ma
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chang
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhifu Han
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Jijie Chai
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne 50674, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Cologne 50829, Germany.
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22
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El-Batal AI, El-Sayyad GS, Al-Shammari BM, Abdelaziz AM, Nofel MM, Gobara M, Elkhatib WF, Eid NA, Salem MS, Attia MS. Protective role of iron oxide nanocomposites on disease index, and biochemical resistance indicators against Fusarium oxysporum induced-cucumber wilt disease: In vitro, and in vivo studies. Microb Pathog 2023; 180:106131. [PMID: 37121523 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Recently nanocomposites have become a super-growth inducers as well as vital antifungal agents, which enhance plant growth and suppress plant diseases. A new strategy regarding the fabrication of humic acid (H) and boron (B) conjugated Fe2O3 nanocomposites was performed. Fe2O3 NP-B and Fe2O3 NP-H were synthesized in the presence of gamma-rays (as a direct reducing agent). Gamma-rays provoked reduction of metal ions due to the liberated reducing electrons, (e-aq), in aqueous solutions which can be considered as direct reduction. Antifungal potential against Fusarium oxysporum, the causative agent of wilt disease in cucumber was determined. Disease index percent, metabolic resistance indicators in cucumber plant as response to promotion of systemic resistance (SR) were recorded. Results illustrated that both Fe2O3 NPs-B and Fe2O3 NPs-H had antifungal activity against F. oxysporum in vitro as well as in vivo. Results revealed that minimum inhibitory concentrations of Fe2O3 NPs-B and Fe2O3 NPs-H were 0.25 and 0.125 mM, respectively. Application of Fe2O3 NPs-B (0.25 mM) and Fe2O3 NPs-H (0.125 mM) appeared highly reduced the cucumber wilt disease symptoms incidence caused by F. oxysporum, and recorded disease severity by 83.33%. Fe2O3 NPs-B was the best treatment reducing disease indexes by 20.83% and gave highly protection against wilt disease by 75.0% and came next Fe2O3 NPs-H which reduced disease indexes by 25% and gave 69.99% protection against disease. Fe2O3 NPs-B and Fe2O3 NPs-H treatments improved morphological traits, photosynthetic pigments, osmolytes, total phenol and antioxidant enzymes activities in both infected and non-infected plants. The beneficial effects of the Fe2O3 NPs-B and Fe2O3 NPs-H were extended to increase not only the total phenol, and total soluble protein content but also the activities of peroxidase (POD), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzymes of the healthy and infected cucumber plants in comparison with control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed I El-Batal
- Drug Microbiology Laboratory, Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gharieb S El-Sayyad
- Drug Microbiology Laboratory, Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University (ACU), Giza, Egypt; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galala University, New Galala City, Suez, Egypt.
| | - Bassam M Al-Shammari
- Nutrtion Department, Al-Badaya General Hospital, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amer M Abdelaziz
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Boys), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Nofel
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Boys), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Gobara
- Chemical Engineering Department, Military Technical College (MTC), Egyptian Armed Forces, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Walid F Elkhatib
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, African Union Organization St., Abbassia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galala University, New Galala City, Suez, Egypt
| | - Nerhan A Eid
- Plant Pathology Unit, Plant Protection Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo, 11753, Egypt
| | - Marwa S Salem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Girls Branch), Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Attia
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Boys), Cairo, Egypt.
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23
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Singh DP, Bisen MS, Prabha R, Maurya S, Yerasu SR, Shukla R, Tiwari JK, Chaturvedi KK, Farooqi MS, Srivastava S, Rai A, Sarma BK, Rai N, Singh PM, Behera TK, Farag MA. Untargeted Metabolomics of Alternaria solani-Challenged Wild Tomato Species Solanum cheesmaniae Revealed Key Metabolite Biomarkers and Insight into Altered Metabolic Pathways. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13050585. [PMID: 37233626 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13050585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Untargeted metabolomics of moderately resistant wild tomato species Solanum cheesmaniae revealed an altered metabolite profile in plant leaves in response to Alternaria solani pathogen. Leaf metabolites were significantly differentiated in non-stressed versus stressed plants. The samples were discriminated not only by the presence/absence of specific metabolites as distinguished markers of infection, but also on the basis of their relative abundance as important concluding factors. Annotation of metabolite features using the Arabidopsis thaliana (KEGG) database revealed 3371 compounds with KEGG identifiers belonging to biosynthetic pathways including secondary metabolites, cofactors, steroids, brassinosteroids, terpernoids, and fatty acids. Annotation using the Solanum lycopersicum database in PLANTCYC PMN revealed significantly upregulated (541) and downregulated (485) features distributed in metabolite classes that appeared to play a crucial role in defense, infection prevention, signaling, plant growth, and plant homeostasis to survive under stress conditions. The orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), comprising a significant fold change (≥2.0) with VIP score (≥1.0), showed 34 upregulated biomarker metabolites including 5-phosphoribosylamine, kaur-16-en-18-oic acid, pantothenate, and O-acetyl-L-homoserine, along with 41 downregulated biomarkers. Downregulated metabolite biomarkers were mapped with pathways specifically known for plant defense, suggesting their prominent role in pathogen resistance. These results hold promise for identifying key biomarker metabolites that contribute to disease resistive metabolic traits/biosynthetic routes. This approach can assist in mQTL development for the stress breeding program in tomato against pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ratna Prabha
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Library Avenue, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Sudarshan Maurya
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi 221305, India
| | | | - Renu Shukla
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi 110012, India
| | | | | | - Md Samir Farooqi
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Library Avenue, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Sudhir Srivastava
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Library Avenue, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Anil Rai
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Library Avenue, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Birinchi Kumar Sarma
- Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Nagendra Rai
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi 221305, India
| | | | | | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
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24
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Tran TLC, Callahan DL, Islam MT, Wang Y, Arioli T, Cahill D. Comparative metabolomic profiling of Arabidopsis thaliana roots and leaves reveals complex response mechanisms induced by a seaweed extract. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1114172. [PMID: 36968386 PMCID: PMC10035662 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1114172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Seaweed extracts are a prominent class of biostimulants that enhance plant health and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses due to their unique bioactive components. However, the mechanisms of action of biostimulants are still unknown. Here, we have used a metabolomic approach, a UHPLC-MS method, to uncover the mechanisms induced following application to Arabidopsis thaliana of a seaweed extract derived from Durvillaea potatorum and Ascophyllum nodosum. We have identified, following the application of the extract, key metabolites and systemic responses in roots and leaves across 3 timepoints (0, 3, 5 days). Significant alterations in metabolite accumulation or reduction were found for those belonging to broad groups of compounds such as lipids, amino acids, and phytohormones; and secondary metabolites such as phenylpropanoids, glucosinolates, and organic acids. Strong accumulations of TCA cycle and N-containing and defensive metabolites such as glucosinolates were also found revealing the enhancement of carbon and nitrogen metabolism and defence systems. Our study has demonstrated that application of seaweed extract dramatically altered the metabolomic profiles of Arabidopsis and revealed differences in roots and leaves that varied across the timepoints tested. We also show clear evidence of systemic responses that were initiated in the roots and resulted in metabolic alterations in the leaves. Collectively, our results suggest that this seaweed extract promotes plant growth and activates defence systems by altering various physiological processes at the individual metabolite level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Linh Chi Tran
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Damien L. Callahan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
| | - Md Tohidul Islam
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Yichao Wang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Tony Arioli
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Seasol International R&D Department, Bayswater, VIC, Australia
| | - David Cahill
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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25
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Ren X, Zhang G, Jin M, Wan F, Day MD, Qian W, Liu B. Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Reveal the Response Mechanisms of Mikania micrantha to Puccinia spegazzinii Infection. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11030678. [PMID: 36985252 PMCID: PMC10057677 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mikania micrantha is one of the 100 worst invasive species globally and can cause significant negative impacts on agricultural and forestry economics, particularly in Asia and the Pacific region. The rust Puccinia spegazzinii has been used successfully as a biological control agent in several countries to help manage M. micrantha. However, the response mechanisms of M. micrantha to P. spegazzinii infection have never been studied. To investigate the response of M. micrantha to infection by P. spegazzinii, an integrated analysis of metabolomics and transcriptomics was performed. The levels of 74 metabolites, including organic acids, amino acids, and secondary metabolites in M. micrantha infected with P. spegazzinii, were significantly different compared to those in plants that were not infected. After P. spegazzinii infection, the expression of the TCA cycle gene was significantly induced to participate in energy biosynthesis and produce more ATP. The content of most amino acids, such as L-isoleucine, L-tryptophan and L-citrulline, increased. In addition, phytoalexins, such as maackiain, nobiletin, vasicin, arachidonic acid, and JA-Ile, accumulated in M. micrantha. A total of 4978 differentially expressed genes were identified in M. micrantha infected by P. spegazzinii. Many key genes of M. micrantha in the PTI (pattern-triggered immunity) and ETI (effector-triggered immunity) pathways showed significantly higher expression under P. spegazzinii infection. Through these reactions, M. micrantha is able to resist the infection of P. spegazzinii and maintain its growth. These results are helpful for us to understand the changes in metabolites and gene expression in M. micrantha after being infected by P. spegazzinii. Our results can provide a theoretical basis for weakening the defense response of M. micrantha to P. spegazzinii, and for P. spegazzinii as a long-term biological control agent of M. micrantha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghai Ren
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Guangzhong Zhang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Mengjiao Jin
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Fanghao Wan
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Michael D. Day
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Ecosciences Precinct, GPO Box 267, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Wanqiang Qian
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China
- Correspondence: (W.Q.); (B.L.)
| | - Bo Liu
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China
- Correspondence: (W.Q.); (B.L.)
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26
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β-Cyclocitral-Mediated Metabolic Changes Optimize Growth and Defense Responses in Solanum lycopersicum L. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030329. [PMID: 36984769 PMCID: PMC10053473 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
β-cyclocitral (βCC) is one of the significant oxidative products of β-carotene. It primes plants for multiple stress acclimation without compromising plant growth. Metabolic reorganization is necessary to maintain a balance between growth and defense. However, the βCC-mediated changes in a plant’s metabolic network are unknown. Here, we demonstrate how βCC-induced metabolic changes enable Solanum lycopersicum L. (tomato) plants to promote defense and maintain growth under stress. An analysis of early (0–240 min) and late (72 h) changes in the tomato metabolome after βCC-treatment using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry identified 57 compounds. A principal coordinate analysis suggested that βCC treatment significantly changes the metabolite profile. A variable importance in projection (VIP) analysis revealed 16 and 19 discriminant metabolites from early and late samples, respectively (VIP ≥ 1.0). Upregulated metabolites were mainly amino acids and phytophenols. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that βCC treatment influenced amino acid metabolism at early and later times; however, phenylpropanoid and isoquinoline biosynthesis were influenced only at the later time. A 66.6% similarity in the upregulated metabolites of βCC- and simulated-herbivory-treated plants confirmed βCC’s role against herbivores. We conclude that βCC steers a temporal separation in amino acids and defense metabolite accumulation that optimizes resource allocation to growth and defense.
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Puri H, Ikuze E, Ayala J, Rodriguez I, Kariyat R, Louis J, Grover S. Greenbug feeding-induced resistance to sugarcane aphids in sorghum. Front Ecol Evol 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2023.1105725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants are attacked by multiple insect pest species and insect herbivory can alter plant defense mechanisms. The plant defense responses to a specific herbivore may also contribute to the herbivore growth/survival on plants. Feeding by one insect species can modulate the plant defenses, which can either facilitate or hamper the colonization of subsequent incoming insects. However, little is known about the effect of sequential herbivory on sorghum plants. In this study, we demonstrate that a specialist aphid, sugarcane aphid (SCA; Melanaphis sacchari) grows faster on sorghum than a generalist aphid species, greenbug (GB; Schizaphis graminum). We also determined how the pre-infestation of SCA on sorghum affected the invasion of GB and vice-versa. Our sequential herbivory experiments revealed that SCA reproduction was lower on GB-primed sorghum plants, however, the reverse was not true. To assess the differences in plant defenses induced by specialist vs. generalist aphids, we monitored the expression of salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) marker genes, and flavonoid biosynthetic pathway genes after 48 h of aphid infestation. The results indicated that GB infestation induced higher expression of SA and JA-related genes, and flavonoid pathway genes (DFR, FNR, and FNSII) compared to SCA infestation. Overall, our results suggested that GB-infested plants activate the plant defenses via phytohormones and flavonoids at early time points and hampers the colonization of incoming SCA, as well as explain the reproductive success of SCA compared to GB.
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28
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Lim GH. Regulation of Salicylic Acid and N-Hydroxy-Pipecolic Acid in Systemic Acquired Resistance. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 39:21-27. [PMID: 36760046 PMCID: PMC9929166 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.rw.10.2022.0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In plants, salicylic acid (SA) is a central immune signal that is involved in both local and systemic acquired resistance (SAR). In addition to SA, several other chemical signals are also involved in SAR and these include N-hydroxy-pipecolic acid (NHP), a newly discovered plant metabolite that plays a crucial role in SAR. Recent discoveries have led to a better understanding of the biosynthesis of SA and NHP and their signaling during plant defense responses. Here, I review the recent progress in role of SA and NHP in SAR. In addition, I discuss how these signals cooperate with other SAR-inducing chemicals to regulate SAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gah-Hyun Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241,
Korea
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241,
Korea
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Rawat AA, Hartmann M, Harzen A, Lugan R, Stolze SC, Forzani C, Abts L, Reißenweber S, Rayapuram N, Nakagami H, Zeier J, Hirt H. OXIDATIVE SIGNAL-INDUCIBLE1 induces immunity by coordinating N-hydroxypipecolic acid, salicylic acid, and camalexin synthesis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:1285-1301. [PMID: 36319610 PMCID: PMC10107268 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Expression of OXIDATIVE SIGNAL-INDUCIBLE1 (OXI1) is induced by a number of stress conditions and regulates the interaction of plants with pathogenic and beneficial microbes. In this work, we generated Arabidopsis OXI1 knockout and genomic OXI1 overexpression lines and show by transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome analysis that OXI1 triggers ALD1, SARD4, and FMO1 expressions to promote the biosynthesis of pipecolic acid (Pip) and N-hydroxypipecolic acid (NHP). OXI1 contributes to enhanced immunity by induced SA biosynthesis via CBP60g-induced expression of SID2 and camalexin accumulation via WRKY33-targeted transcription of PAD3. OXI1 regulates genes involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation such as RbohD and RbohF. OXI1 knock out plants show enhanced expression of nuclear and chloroplast genes of photosynthesis and enhanced growth under ambient conditions, while OXI1 overexpressing plants accumulate NHP, SA, camalexin, and ROS and show a gain-of-function (GOF) cell death phenotype and enhanced pathogen resistance. The OXI1 GOF phenotypes are completely suppressed when compromising N-hydroxypipecolic acid (NHP) synthesis in the fmo1 or ald1 background, showing that OXI1 regulation of immunity is mediated via the NHP pathway. Overall, these results show that OXI1 plays a key role in basal and effector-triggered plant immunity by regulating defense and programmed cell death via biosynthesis of salicylic acid, N-hydroxypipecolic acid, and camalexin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika A. Rawat
- Darwin21 Desert Initiative, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael Hartmann
- Department of Biology, Institute for Molecular Ecophysiology of PlantsHeinrich Heine UniversityUniversitätsstraße 1DüsseldorfD‐40225Germany
| | - Anne Harzen
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding ResearchCologneD‐50829Germany
| | - Raphael Lugan
- UMR QualisudAvignon UniversitéAvignon Cedex 984916France
| | | | - Celine Forzani
- Department of Plant Molecular BiologyUniversity of ViennaDr. Bohrgasse 9Vienna1030Austria
| | - Laura Abts
- Department of Biology, Institute for Molecular Ecophysiology of PlantsHeinrich Heine UniversityUniversitätsstraße 1DüsseldorfD‐40225Germany
| | - Sophie Reißenweber
- Department of Biology, Institute for Molecular Ecophysiology of PlantsHeinrich Heine UniversityUniversitätsstraße 1DüsseldorfD‐40225Germany
| | - Naganand Rayapuram
- Darwin21 Desert Initiative, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955Saudi Arabia
| | - Hirofumi Nakagami
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding ResearchCologneD‐50829Germany
| | - Jürgen Zeier
- Department of Biology, Institute for Molecular Ecophysiology of PlantsHeinrich Heine UniversityUniversitätsstraße 1DüsseldorfD‐40225Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS)Heinrich Heine UniversityUniversitätsstraße 1DüsseldorfD‐40225Germany
| | - Heribert Hirt
- Darwin21 Desert Initiative, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955Saudi Arabia
- Department of Plant Molecular BiologyUniversity of ViennaDr. Bohrgasse 9Vienna1030Austria
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris‐Saclay IPS2, CNRS, INRAe, Université Paris‐Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris‐SaclayBâtiment63091405 OrsayFrance
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30
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Spatial-temporal variations of proline and related amino acids reveal distinct nitrogenous utilization strategies in rice during detoxification of exogenous cyanide. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 369:110267. [PMID: 36403783 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cyanide (CN-) pollution in agricultural systems impairs amino acid metabolism in rice plants, hence decreasing their quality and yield. Meanwhile, little is known about the effects of CN- assimilation on the innate pool of proline (Pro) and its synthesis-related amino acids (Pro-AAs) in rice plants. In this study, a hydroponic experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of exogenous KCN on indigenous levels of Pro-AAs, i.e., Pro, glutamate (Glu), arginine (Arg), and ornithine (Orn) in rice seedlings fertilized with either nitrate (NO3-) or ammonium (NH4+) through the biochemical and RT-qPCR analysis. At the same KCN treatment concentration, the relative growth rate of NH4+-fed rice seedlings was considerably higher than that of NO3--fed rice seedlings, but the residual concentration of CN- in NH4+-fed rice tissues was lower than that of NO3--fed rice tissues. Based on the UPLC and stoichiometry molar ratio calculations, it is evident that the Glu pathway contributed significantly to Pro synthesis in rice under KCN + NO3- treatments; whereas the Orn pathway governed the synthesis of Pro in rice under KCN + NH4+ treatments. Moreover, transcriptional and bioinformatics analysis revealed that NH4+ fertilization resulted in spatial-temporal differences in the genetic response in rice tissue during detoxification of CN- compared with KCN + NO3- treatments. These findings suggested that the innate level of Pro serves as "a fishing float" to balance the flux between Pro and Pro-AAs in exogenous KCN-treated rice plants under different nitrogenous nutritional conditions.
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31
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Yuan W, Huang J, Li H, Ma Y, Gui C, Huang F, Feng X, Yu D, Wang H, Kan G. Genetic dissection reveals the complex architecture of amino acid composition in soybean seeds. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:17. [PMID: 36670242 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04280-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Five loci related to soybean protein and amino acid contents were colocated by performing linkage mapping and GWAS. The haplotype analysis showed that Glyma.08G109100 may be useful to improve the soybean seed composition. Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) seeds are good protein sources. Although genetic variation is abundant, natural variation in seed amino acids and their derived traits is lacking across soybean accessions. Here, we determined the contents of protein and 17 amino acids, obtained 36 derived traits based on the protein and total amino acid contents, and derived 34 traits based on seven amino acid family groups. Furthermore, we performed a linkage analysis of the contents of 17 amino acids and 73 amino acid-derived traits based on the recombinant inbred line (RIL)-derived Kefeng No. 1 × Nannong 1138-2. Six hundred thirty-nine quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified, explaining 6.07-39.00% of the phenotypic variation. Among these loci, five were detected in diverse soybean accessions using a genome-wide association study. A network analysis revealed that some loci that were significantly associated with multiple amino acids were tightly linked on chromosome 8 based on linkage disequilibrium values, which also further confirmed the results of the correlation analysis among amino acid traits. Through a combination of a genome-wide association study, linkage analysis, qRT-PCR, and genomic polymorphism comparison, Glyma.08G109100 on chromosome 8, which may affect amino acid contents, was selected. The haplotype analysis showed that Hap-T of Glyma.08G109100 may be useful to improve the contents of protein and 16 amino acids in soybean. This study provides new insights into the genetic basis of the amino acid composition in soybean seeds and may facilitate marker-based breeding of soybean with improved nutritional value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Yuan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haiyang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujie Ma
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunju Gui
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xianzhong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Deyue Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Guizhen Kan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
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Pollari M, Sipari N, Poque S, Himanen K, Mäkinen K. Effects of Poty-Potexvirus Synergism on Growth, Photosynthesis and Metabolite Status of Nicotiana benthamiana. Viruses 2022; 15:121. [PMID: 36680161 PMCID: PMC9867248 DOI: 10.3390/v15010121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mixed virus infections threaten crop production because interactions between the host and the pathogen mix may lead to viral synergism. While individual infections by potato virus A (PVA), a potyvirus, and potato virus X (PVX), a potexvirus, can be mild, co-infection leads to synergistic enhancement of PVX and severe symptoms. We combined image-based phenotyping with metabolite analysis of single and mixed PVA and PVX infections and compared their effects on growth, photosynthesis, and metabolites in Nicotiana benthamiana. Viral synergism was evident in symptom severity and impaired growth in the plants. Indicative of stress, the co-infection increased leaf temperature and decreased photosynthetic parameters. In contrast, singly infected plants sustained photosynthetic activity. The host's metabolic response differed significantly between single and mixed infections. Over 200 metabolites were differentially regulated in the mixed infection: especially defense-related metabolites and aromatic and branched-chain amino acids increased compared to the control. Changes in the levels of methionine cycle intermediates and a low S-adenosylmethionine/S-adenosylhomocysteine ratio suggested a decline in the methylation potential in co-infected plants. The decreased ratio between reduced glutathione, an important scavenger of reactive oxygen species, and its oxidized form, indicated that severe oxidative stress developed during co-infection. Based on the results, infection-associated oxidative stress is successfully controlled in the single infections but not in the synergistic infection, where activated defense pathways are not sufficient to counter the impact of the infections on plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maija Pollari
- Department of Microbiology, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Sipari
- Viikki Metabolomics Unit, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sylvain Poque
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristiina Himanen
- National Plant Phenotyping Infrastructure, HiLIFE, Biocenter Finland, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristiina Mäkinen
- Department of Microbiology, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Li J, Zhang J, Wu T, Liu P, Li P, Yao X, Liu H, Ciren Y. Multi Omics Analysis Revealed a Resistance Mechanism of Tibetan Barley ( Hordeum vulgare L., Qingke) Infected by Ustilago hordei. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:157. [PMID: 36616285 PMCID: PMC9824760 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Tibetan barley (Hordeum vulgare L., qingke) is the principal cereal cultivated on Tibet. Ustilago hordei causing covered smut is a serious disease that limits the yield of qingke. Here, based on multi omics study including metabolome, proteome and transcriptome, we show that during infection, primary metabolisms such as carbohydrate, amino acid, and lipids were significantly changed. Jasmonic acid, which perform as a biotic stress signaler, was significantly repressed, and related genes or proteins also showed different expression in infected qingke. In addition, other defense-related compounds such as riboflavin, ascorbic acid, and protease inhibitors were also detected in omics data. Our results revealed a preliminary biological profile of qingke infected by U. hordei and provide a resource for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610011, China
| | - Jixiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610011, China
| | - Pei Liu
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610011, China
| | - Pu Li
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610011, China
| | - Xiaobo Yao
- Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850031, China
| | - Hechun Liu
- Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850031, China
| | - Yangla Ciren
- Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850031, China
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34
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Pancoro A, Karima E, Apriyanto A, Effendi Y. 1H NMR metabolomics analysis of oil palm stem tissue infected by Ganoderma boninense based on field severity Indices. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21087. [PMID: 36473892 PMCID: PMC9726981 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25450-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Basal stem rot disease (BSR) caused by G. boninense affects most oil palm plants in Southeast Asia. This disease can be fatal to palm oil production. BSR shows no signs on the tree in the early stages of infection. Therefore, it is essential to find an approach that can detect BSR disease in oil palm, especially at any level of disease severity in the field. This study aims to identify biomarkers of BSR disease in oil palm stem tissue based on various disease severity indices in the field using 1H NMR-based metabolomics analysis. The crude extract of oil palm stem tissue with four disease severity indices was analyzed by 1H NMR metabolomics. Approximately 90 metabolites from oil palm stem tissue were identified.Twenty of these were identified as metabolites that significantly differentiated the four disease severity indices. These metabolites include the organic acid group, the carbohydrate group, the organoheterocyclic compound group, and the benzoid group. In addition, different tentative biomarkers for different disease severity indices were also identified. These tentative biomarkers consist of groups of organic acids, carbohydrates, organoheterocyclic compounds, nitrogenous organic compounds, and benzene. There are five pathways in oil palm that are potentially affected by BSR disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Pancoro
- grid.434933.a0000 0004 1808 0563School of Life Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, 40132 Indonesia
| | - Elfina Karima
- grid.434933.a0000 0004 1808 0563School of Life Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, 40132 Indonesia
| | - Ardha Apriyanto
- Astra Agro Lestari Tbk, Research and Development, Jakarta, 13920 Indonesia
| | - Yunus Effendi
- grid.9581.50000000120191471Biological Science Department, Al-Azhar Indonesia University, Jakarta, 12110 Indonesia
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Adhikary D, Kisiala A, Sarkar A, Basu U, Rahman H, Emery N, Kav NNV. Early-stage responses to Plasmodiophora brassicae at the transcriptome and metabolome levels in clubroot resistant and susceptible oilseed Brassica napus. Mol Omics 2022; 18:991-1014. [PMID: 36382681 DOI: 10.1039/d2mo00251e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Clubroot, a devastating soil-borne root disease, in Brassicaceae is caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae Woronin (P. brassicae W.), an obligate biotrophic protist. Plant growth and development, as well as seed yield of Brassica crops, are severely affected due to this disease. Several reports described the molecular responses of B. napus to P. brassicae; however, information on the early stages of pathogenesis is limited. In this study, we have used transcriptomics and metabolomics to characterize P. brassicae pathogenesis at 1-, 4-, and 7-days post-inoculation (DPI) in clubroot resistant (CR) and susceptible (CS) doubled-haploid (DH) canola lines. When we compared between inoculated and uninoculated groups, a total of 214 and 324 putative genes exhibited differential expression (q-value < 0.05) at one or more time-points in the CR and CS genotypes, respectively. When the inoculated CR and inoculated CS genotypes were compared, 4765 DEGs were differentially expressed (q-value < 0.05) at one or more time-points. Several metabolites related to organic acids (e.g., citrate, pyruvate), amino acids (e.g., proline, aspartate), sugars, and mannitol, were differentially accumulated in roots in response to pathogen infection when the CR and CS genotypes were compared. Several DEGs also corresponded to differentially accumulated metabolites, including pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (BnaC04g11450D), citrate synthase (BnaC02g39080D), and pyruvate kinase (BnaC04g23180D) as detected by transcriptome analysis. Our results suggest important roles for these genes in mediating resistance to clubroot disease. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an integrated transcriptome and metabolome analysis aimed at characterizing the molecular basis of resistance to clubroot in canola.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Adhikary
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Anna Kisiala
- Biology Department, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
| | - Ananya Sarkar
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Urmila Basu
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Habibur Rahman
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Neil Emery
- Biology Department, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
| | - Nat N V Kav
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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He L, Wang H, Sui Y, Miao Y, Jin C, Luo J. Genome-wide association studies of five free amino acid levels in rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1048860. [PMID: 36420042 PMCID: PMC9676653 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1048860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the important staple foods for human consumption and livestock use. As a complex quality trait, free amino acid (FAA) content in rice is of nutritional importance. To dissect the genetic mechanism of FAA level, five amino acids' (Val, Leu, Ile, Arg, and Trp) content and 4,325,832 high-quality SNPs of 448 rice accessions were used to conduct genome-wide association studies (GWAS) with nine different methods. Of these methods, one single-locus method (GEMMA), seven multi-locus methods (mrMLM, pLARmEB, FASTmrEMMA, pKWmEB, FASTmrMLM, ISIS EM-BLASSO, and FarmCPU), and the recent released 3VmrMLM were adopted for methodological comparison of quantitative trait nucleotide (QTN) detection and identification of stable quantitative trait nucleotide loci (QTLs). As a result, 987 QTNs were identified by eight multi-locus GWAS methods; FASTmrEMMA detected the most QTNs (245), followed by 3VmrMLM (160), and GEMMA detected the least QTNs (0). Among 88 stable QTLs identified by the above methods, 3VmrMLM has some advantages, such as the most common QTNs, the highest LOD score, and the highest proportion of all detected stable QTLs. Around these stable QTLs, candidate genes were found in the GO classification to be involved in the primary metabolic process, biosynthetic process, and catalytic activity, and shown in KEGG analysis to have participated in metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of amino acids, and tryptophan metabolism. Natural variations of candidate genes resulting in the content alteration of five FAAs were identified in this association panel. In addition, 95 QTN-by-environment interactions (QEIs) of five FAA levels were detected by 3VmrMLM only. GO classification showed that the candidate genes got involved in the primary metabolic process, transport, and catalytic activity. Candidate genes of QEIs played important roles in valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation (QEI_09_03978551 and candidate gene LOC_Os09g07830 in the Leu dataset), tryptophan metabolism (QEI_01_00617184 and candidate gene LOC_Os01g02020 in the Trp dataset), and glutathione metabolism (QEI_12_09153839 and candidate gene LOC_Os12g16200 in the Arg dataset) pathways through KEGG analysis. As an alternative of the multi-locus GWAS method, these findings suggested that the application of 3VmrMLM may provide new insights into better understanding FAA accumulation and facilitate the molecular breeding of rice with high FAA level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang He
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Huixian Wang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yao Sui
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Miao
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, China
| | - Cheng Jin
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, China
| | - Jie Luo
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, China
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37
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Morrison JA, Woldemariam M. Ecological and metabolomic responses of plants to deer exclosure in a suburban forest. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9475. [PMCID: PMC9643135 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Janet A. Morrison
- Department of Biology The College of New Jersey Ewing New Jersey USA
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Comprehensive Analysis of Transcriptome and Metabolome Elucidates the Molecular Regulatory Mechanism of Salt Resistance in Roots of Achnatherum inebrians Mediated by Epichloë gansuensis. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8101092. [PMID: 36294657 PMCID: PMC9605608 DOI: 10.3390/jof8101092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Salinization of soil is a major environmental risk factor to plant functions, leading to a reduction of productivity of crops and forage. Epichloë gansuensis, seed-borne endophytic fungi, establishes a mutualistic symbiotic relationship with Achnatherum inebrians and confers salt tolerance in the host plants. In this study, analysis of transcriptome and metabolome was used to explore the potential molecular mechanism underlying the salt-adaptation of A. inebrians roots mediated by E. gansuensis. We found that E. gansuensis played an important role in the gene expression of the host’s roots and regulated multiple pathways involved in amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, TCA cycle, secondary metabolism, and lipid metabolism in the roots of A. inebrians. Importantly, E. gansuensis significantly induced the biological processes, including exocytosis, glycolytic process, fructose metabolic process, and potassium ion transport in roots of host plants at transcriptional levels, and altered the pathways, including inositol phosphate metabolism, galactose metabolism, starch, and sucrose metabolism at metabolite levels under NaCl stress. These findings provided insight into the molecular mechanism of salt resistance in roots of A. inebrians mediated by E. gansuensis and could drive progress in the cultivation of new salt-resistance breeds with endophytes.
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Deng H, He R, Xia H, Xu N, Deng Q, Liang D, Lin L, Liao L, Xiong B, Xie X, Gao Z, Kang Q, Wang Z. Ultra-HPLC-MS pseudo-targeted metabolomic profiling reveals metabolites and associated metabolic pathway alterations in Asian plum ( Prunus salicina) fruits in response to gummosis disease. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2022; 49:936-945. [PMID: 35817541 DOI: 10.1071/fp21168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plum (Prunus spp.) is an economically and nutritionally important stone fruit that is grown worldwide. Gummosis disease (GD) is one of the most common limiting factors that adversely affects the yield and quality of stone fruits such as plum. Elucidating plum fruit metabolomics responses is essential to develop sustainable agricultural practices to combat GD in the future. Herein, an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass-spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) pseudo-targeted metabolomic profiling was first performed to elucidate the overall metabolic alterations in Asian plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.) fruit in response to GD. The most pivotal differential metabolites, including certain amino acids and proanthocyanidins, in GD and control groups were identified by combining multivariate data analysis with strict statistical criteria. Metabolic pathway enrichment analysis showed that GD induced a series of coordinated defence responses and reprogramming of various metabolic pathways, including glucosinolate biosynthesis, 2-oxocarboxylic acid metabolism, valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation, and isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis pathways. Using UHPLC-MS-based pseudo-targeted metabolomic profiling, we systematically evaluated overall metabolic modifications in Asian plum fruits in response to GD for the first time. The identified metabolic pathway alterations helped to better understand the internal relationships and related metabolic networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghong Deng
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Runmei He
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hui Xia
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Nuo Xu
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qunxian Deng
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Dong Liang
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lijin Lin
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ling Liao
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Bo Xiong
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xinyu Xie
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhijian Gao
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qingxuan Kang
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhihui Wang
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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Wang Z, Wu J, Sun Z, Jiang W, Liu Y, Tang J, Meng X, Su X, Wu L, Wang L, Guo X, Peng D, Xing S. ICP-MS based metallomics and GC-MS based metabolomics reveals the physiological and metabolic responses of Dendrobium huoshanense plants exposed to Fe 3O 4 nanoparticles. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1013756. [PMID: 36245500 PMCID: PMC9558897 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1013756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It is found that the growth of Dendrobium huoshanense was dependent on Fe3O4, while the bioavailability of plants to ordinary Fe3O4 was low on the earth. In order to improve the growth, quality and yield of D. huoshanense, we used Fe3O4 NPs (100 or 200 mg/L) that was easily absorbed by plants as nano-fertilizer to hydroponically treat seedlings of D. huoshanense for 3 weeks. Fe3O4 NPs induced not only earlier flowering and increased sugar content and photosynthesis, but also stressed to plants, increased MDA content and related antioxidant enzymes activities. Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) revealed that Fe3O4 NPs caused a significant accumulation of Fe and some other nutrient elements (Mn, Co, B, Mo) in stems of D. huoshanense. Metabolomics revealed that the metabolites were reprogrammed in D. huoshanense when under Fe3O4 NPs exposure. Fe3O4 NPs inhibited antioxidant defense-related pathways, demonstrating that Fe3O4 NPs have antioxidant capacity to protect D. huoshanense from damage. As the first study associating Fe3O4 NPs with the quality of D. huoshanense, it provided vital insights into the molecular mechanisms of how D. huoshanense responds to Fe3O4 NPs, ensuring the reasonable use of Fe3O4 NPs as nano-fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojian Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Jing Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Zongping Sun
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, China
| | - Weimin Jiang
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources in the Nanyue Mountainous Region, College of Life Sciences and Environment, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, China
| | - Yingying Liu
- College of Humanities and International Education Exchange, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, China
| | - Xiaoxi Meng
- Department of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Xinglong Su
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Liping Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Longhai Wang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaohu Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Daiyin Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Protection and Development, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- MOE-Anhui Joint Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Improvement of Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials, Hefei, China
| | - Shihai Xing
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Protection and Development, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
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Volatile Dimethyl Disulfide from Guava Plants Regulate Developmental Performance of Asian Citrus Psyllid through Activation of Defense Responses in Neighboring Orange Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810271. [PMID: 36142192 PMCID: PMC9499464 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Intercropping with guava (Psidium guajava L.) can assist with the management of Asian citrus psyllid (ACP, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama), the insect vector of the huanglongbing pathogen, in citrus orchards. Sulfur volatiles have a repellent activity and physiological effects, as well as being important components of guava volatiles. In this study, we tested whether the sulfur volatiles emitted by guava plants play a role in plant–plant communications and trigger anti-herbivore activities against ACP in sweet orange plants (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck). Real-time determination using a proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometer (PTR-MS) showed that guava plants continuously release methanethiol, dimethyl sulfide (DMS), and dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), and the contents increased rapidly after mechanical damage. The exposure of orange plants to DMDS resulted in the suppression of the developmental performance of ACP. The differential elevation of salicylic acid (SA) levels; the expression of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), salicylate-O-methyl transferase (SMT), and pathogenesis-related (PR1) genes; the activities of defense-related enzymes PAL, polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and peroxidase (POD); and the total polyphenol content were observed in DMDS-exposed orange plants. The emission of volatiles including myrcene, nonanal, decanal, and methyl salicylate (MeSA) was increased. In addition, phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis, and aromatic amino acid (such as phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan) metabolic pathways were induced. Altogether, our results indicated that DMDS from guava plants can activate defense responses in eavesdropping orange plants and boost their herbivore resistance to ACP, which suggests the possibility of using DMDS as a novel approach for the management of ACP in citrus orchards.
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Liu T, Wang D, Zhou X, Song J, Yang Z, Shi C, Li R, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Yan J, Zhu X, Li Y, Gong M, Wang C, Yuan C, Cui Y, Wu X. Study on the mechanism of American ginseng extract for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus based on metabolomics. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:960050. [PMID: 36120310 PMCID: PMC9479495 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.960050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
American ginseng extract (AGE) is an efficient and low-toxic adjuvant for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the metabolic mechanisms of AGE against T2DM remain unknown. In this study, a rat model of T2DM was created and administered for 28 days. Their biological (body weight and serum biochemical indicators) and pathological (pancreatic sections stained with HE) information were collected for further pharmacodynamic evaluation. Moreover, an ultra-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry–based (UHPLC–MS/MS–based) untargeted metabolomics method was used to identify potential biomarkers of serum samples from all rats and related metabolic pathways. The results indicated that body weight, fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting blood insulin (FINS), blood triglyceride concentration (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and insulin sensitivity index (ISI), and impaired islet cells were significantly improved after the high dose of AGE (H_AGE) and metformin treatment. Metabolomics analysis identified 101 potential biomarkers among which 94 metabolites had an obvious callback. These potential biomarkers were mainly enriched in nine metabolic pathways linked to amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism. Tryptophan metabolism and glutathione metabolism, as differential metabolic pathways between AGE and metformin for treating T2DM, were further explored. Further analysis of the aforementioned results suggested that the anti-T2DM effect of AGE was closely associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, dyslipidemia, immune response, insulin resistance, insulin secretion, and T2DM-related complications. This study can provide powerful support for the systematic exploration of the mechanism of AGE against T2DM and a basis for the clinical diagnosis of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Chu Hisen-I Memorial Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinfeng Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiayin Song
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zijun Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chang Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rongshan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanwen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiuxing Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuehui Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Li
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Gong
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chongzhi Wang
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Chunsu Yuan
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Yan Cui
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Cui, ; Xiaohui Wu,
| | - Xiaohui Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Cui, ; Xiaohui Wu,
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Fu R, Meng D, Song B, Wang H, Zhang J, Li J. The carbohydrate elicitor Riclinoctaose facilitates defense and growth of potato roots by inducing changes in transcriptional and metabolic profiles. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 322:111349. [PMID: 35709981 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Promoting both root growth and defense is conducive to the production of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.), while the role of elicitors in this topic hasn't been fully understood. To investigate the effect of Riclinoctaose (RiOc) on root growth and defense, potato tissue cuttings were cultivated with different concentration of RiOc (0, 50, 200 mg/L) for 5 weeks and changes in root morphology, transcription, enzymatic and metabolomic profiles were monitored over time. The results indicated that RiOc triggered the salicylic acid (SA)-mediated defense response and facilitated the growth of adventitious and lateral roots in a dose- and time-dependent manner. MPK3/MPK6, SA- and auxin-signaling pathways and transcription factors such as WUS, SCR and GRAS4/GRAS9 participated in this process. Moreover, the 1H NMR based metabolome profiling demonstrated that potato roots altered the primary metabolism to respond to the RiOc elicitation and efficiency in production and allocation of defense and growth-related metabolites was improved. After 5-week treatment, the level of glucose, N-acetylglucosamine, glutamine, asparagine, isoleucine, valine, 3-hydroxyisovalerate and ferulate increased, while acetate, acetoacetate, fucose, and 2-hydroxyphenylacetate declined. In conclusion, RiOc played dual roles in activating the SA-mediated defense response and in promoting growth of potato roots by inducing changes in root transcription and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Fu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Deyao Meng
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, China; School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Baocai Song
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Hongyang Wang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Jianfa Zhang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, China; School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Jing Li
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, China; School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, China.
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Barros J, Shrestha HK, Serrani-Yarce JC, Engle NL, Abraham PE, Tschaplinski TJ, Hettich RL, Dixon RA. Proteomic and metabolic disturbances in lignin-modified Brachypodium distachyon. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:3339-3363. [PMID: 35670759 PMCID: PMC9421481 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Lignin biosynthesis begins with the deamination of phenylalanine and tyrosine (Tyr) as a key branch point between primary and secondary metabolism in land plants. Here, we used a systems biology approach to investigate the global metabolic responses to lignin pathway perturbations in the model grass Brachypodium distachyon. We identified the lignin biosynthetic protein families and found that ammonia-lyases (ALs) are among the most abundant proteins in lignifying tissues in grasses. Integrated metabolomic and proteomic data support a link between lignin biosynthesis and primary metabolism mediated by the ammonia released from ALs that is recycled for the synthesis of amino acids via glutamine. RNA interference knockdown of lignin genes confirmed that the route of the canonical pathway using shikimate ester intermediates is not essential for lignin formation in Brachypodium, and there is an alternative pathway from Tyr via sinapic acid for the synthesis of syringyl lignin involving yet uncharacterized enzymatic steps. Our findings support a model in which plant ALs play a central role in coordinating the allocation of carbon for lignin synthesis and the nitrogen available for plant growth. Collectively, these data also emphasize the value of integrative multiomic analyses to advance our understanding of plant metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Him K Shrestha
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
- Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37916, USA
| | - Juan C Serrani-Yarce
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76201, USA
| | - Nancy L Engle
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76201, USA
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - Paul E Abraham
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation (CBI), Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - Timothy J Tschaplinski
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation (CBI), Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - Robert L Hettich
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation (CBI), Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
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Li C, Lai X, Luo K, Zheng Y, Liu K, Wan X. Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses of two peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars differing in amino acid metabolism of the seeds. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 185:132-143. [PMID: 35688083 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Peanut is an important economic crop worldwide. The content of amino acids, especially essential amino acids, is an important nutritional quality trait of peanut seeds. However, the regulation of amino acid metabolism in peanut seeds is poorly understood. Here, two peanut cultivars, Zhonghuahei 1 and Zhongkaihua 151, with high and low free amino acids in mature seeds, respectively, were selected to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of amino acids during seed development. Zhonghuahei 1 is composed of significantly higher arginine (Arg), asparagine (Asn), and glutamate (Glu) contents than Zhongkaihua 151. However, the metabolomic analyses indicated that the contents of most amino acids were significantly lower in Zhonghuahei 1 at the early developmental stage, while they were reverse at the middle and late stages. Transcriptomic analyses also revealed that the differentially expressed genes between the two cultivars during different stages were enriched in multiple pathways associated with amino acid metabolism. Among them, the Arg biosynthesis pathway showed different regulatory profiles between the two cultivars according to the temporal analysis of gene expression patterns. Subsequent gene co-expression network analysis showed that the gene module darkorange was significantly correlated with Arg content, with an enriched Arg biosynthesis pathway. Accordingly, a gene regulatory network for Arg biosynthesis and metabolism, including key genes (ALDH, ASS1, OTC, and GAD) and transcription factors (GATA, HEX, and ATF), was constructed. These findings provide insights into the regulatory network of amino acid metabolism in peanuts and provide candidate genes that can be applied to facilitate peanut breeding with desirable seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Crop Germplasm Resources, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Lai
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Crop Germplasm Resources, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China.
| | - Kaiqing Luo
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Crop Germplasm Resources, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China.
| | - Yixiong Zheng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Crop Germplasm Resources, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China.
| | - Kai Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Crop Germplasm Resources, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China.
| | - Xiaorong Wan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Crop Germplasm Resources, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China.
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Transcriptome Meta-Analysis Identifies Candidate Hub Genes and Pathways of Pathogen Stress Responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11081155. [PMID: 36009782 PMCID: PMC9404733 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Meta-analysis and systems-biology analysis revealed molecular plant defense responses in Arabidopsis thaliana when attacked by various pathogens. Differentially expressed genes were involved in several biosynthetic metabolic pathways, including those responsible for the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and pathways central to photosynthesis and plant–pathogen interactions. In addition, WRKY40, WRKY46, and STZ transcription factors served as major points in protein–protein interactions. Overall, the findings highlighted genes that are commonly expressed during plant–pathogen interactions and will be useful in the development of novel genetic resistance strategies. Abstract Following a pathogen attack, plants defend themselves using multiple defense mechanisms to prevent infections. We used a meta-analysis and systems-biology analysis to search for general molecular plant defense responses from transcriptomic data reported from different pathogen attacks in Arabidopsis thaliana. Data from seven studies were subjected to meta-analysis, which revealed a total of 3694 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), where both healthy and infected plants were considered. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis further suggested that the DEGs were involved in several biosynthetic metabolic pathways, including those responsible for the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and pathways central to photosynthesis and plant–pathogen interactions. Using network analysis, we highlight the importance of WRKY40, WRKY46 and STZ, and suggest that they serve as major points in protein–protein interactions. This is especially true regarding networks of composite-metabolic responses by pathogens. In summary, this research provides a new approach that illuminates how different mechanisms of transcriptome responses can be activated in plants under pathogen infection and indicates that common genes vary in their ability to regulate plant responses to the pathogens studied herein.
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Leaf Bacteriome in Sugar Beet Shows Differential Response against Beet curly top virus during Resistant and Susceptible Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158073. [PMID: 35897649 PMCID: PMC9331236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Beet curly top virus (BCTV) significantly reduces sugar beet yield in semi-arid production areas. Genetic resistance to BCTV is limited; therefore, identification of additional resistance-associated factors is highly desired. Using 16S rRNA sequencing and BCTV resistant (R) genotypes (KDH13, KDH4-9) along with a susceptible (S) genotype (KDH19-17), we investigated leaf bacteriome changes during BCTV post inoculation (pi). At day 6 (~6-week-old plants), Cyanobacteria were predominant (~90%); whereas, at week 4 (~10-week-old plants) Firmicutes (11–66%), Bacteroidetes (17–26%), and Verrucomicrobia (12–29%) were predominant phyla and genotype dependent. Both Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia, increased post infection only in the R lines. The bacterial genera Brevibacillus increased at 6 dpi, and Akkermansia and Bacteroides at 4 wkpi in the R lines. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) identified potential biomarkers in the R vs. S lines. Functional profiling revealed bacterial enrichment associated with the TCA cycle, polyisoprenoid, and L-methionine biosynthesis pathways only in KDH4-9 at 6 dpi. At 4 wkpi, bacteria associated with tryptophan and palmitate biosynthesis in the R lines, and uridine monophosphate, phosphatidyl glycerol, and phospholipid biosynthesis in the S line, were enriched. Future characterization of bacterial genera with antiviral properties will help establish their use as biocontrol agents/biomarkers against BCTV.
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Rao MJ, Duan M, Wang J, Han S, Ma L, Mo X, Li M, Hu L, Wang L. Transcriptomic and Widely Targeted Metabolomic Approach Identified Diverse Group of Bioactive Compounds, Antiradical Activities, and Their Associated Genes in Six Sugarcane Varieties. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071319. [PMID: 35883810 PMCID: PMC9311902 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sugarcane is cultivated mainly for its high sucrose content but it can also produce many metabolites with promising antioxidant potential. However, very few studies have been reported on the biosynthesis of metabolites in sugarcane to date. In this study, we have identified a wide range of amino acids and organic acids in the rind of six sugarcane varieties by the LC-MS/MS method. A total number of 72 amino acids and 55 organic acid compounds were characterized; among these, 100 were reported for the first time. Moreover, 13 amino acids and seven organic acids were abundantly distributed in all varieties tested and considered major amino acids and organic acids in sugarcane. The variety Taitang134 (F134) showed the highest content of total amino acids, whereas the varieties ROC16 and Yuetang93/159 (YT93/159) had maximum content of organic acids. The amino acids of the rind extract presented higher antioxidant capacity than the organic acids of the rind extract. In addition, the transcriptomic and metabolic integrated analysis highlighted some candidate genes associated with amino acid biosynthesis in sugarcane. We selected a transcription factor gene, MYB(t), and over-expressed it in Arabidopsis. The transgenic plants showed a higher accumulation of amino acids with higher antiradical activity compared with the wild-type Arabidopsis plants. Thus, we characterize a wide range of amino acids and organic acids and their antiradical activities in different sugarcane varieties and present candidate genes that can be potentially valuable for the genetic improvement of metabolites in sugarcane bagasse
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Junaid Rao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Rd., Nanning 530004, China; (M.J.R.); (M.D.); (S.H.); (L.M.); (X.M.); (M.L.)
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Rd., Nanning 530004, China
| | - Mingzheng Duan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Rd., Nanning 530004, China; (M.J.R.); (M.D.); (S.H.); (L.M.); (X.M.); (M.L.)
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Rd., Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jihong Wang
- Department of Life Science, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan 063000, China;
| | - Shijian Han
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Rd., Nanning 530004, China; (M.J.R.); (M.D.); (S.H.); (L.M.); (X.M.); (M.L.)
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Rd., Nanning 530004, China
| | - Li Ma
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Rd., Nanning 530004, China; (M.J.R.); (M.D.); (S.H.); (L.M.); (X.M.); (M.L.)
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Rd., Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xinyi Mo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Rd., Nanning 530004, China; (M.J.R.); (M.D.); (S.H.); (L.M.); (X.M.); (M.L.)
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Rd., Nanning 530004, China
| | - Min Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Rd., Nanning 530004, China; (M.J.R.); (M.D.); (S.H.); (L.M.); (X.M.); (M.L.)
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Rd., Nanning 530004, China
| | - Lihua Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Rd., Nanning 530004, China
- Correspondence: (L.H.); (L.W.)
| | - Lingqiang Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Rd., Nanning 530004, China; (M.J.R.); (M.D.); (S.H.); (L.M.); (X.M.); (M.L.)
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Rd., Nanning 530004, China
- Correspondence: (L.H.); (L.W.)
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Bělonožníková K, Hýsková V, Vašková M, Křížek T, Čokrtová K, Vaněk T, Halířová L, Chudý M, Žufić A, Ryšlavá H. Seed Protection of Solanum lycopersicum with Pythium oligandrum against Alternaria brassicicola and Verticillium albo-atrum. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071348. [PMID: 35889067 PMCID: PMC9315653 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Pythium oligandrum, strain M1, is a soil oomycete successfully used as a biological control agent (BCA), protecting plants against fungal, yeast, and oomycete pathogens through mycoparasitism and elicitor-dependent plant priming. The not yet described Pythium strains, X42 and 00X48, have shown potential as BCAs given the high activity of their secreted proteases, endoglycosidases, and tryptamine. Here, Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Micro-Tom seeds were coated with Pythium strains, and seedlings were exposed to fungal pathogens, either Alternaria brassicicola or Verticillium albo-atrum. The effects of both infection and seed-coating on plant metabolism were assessed by determining the activity and isoforms of antioxidant enzymes and endoglycosidases and the content of tryptamine, amino acids, and heat shock proteins. Dual culture competition testing and microscopy analysis confirmed mycoparasitism in all three Pythium strains. In turn, seed treatment significantly increased the total free amino acid content, changing their abundance in both non-infected and infected plants. In response to pathogens, plant Hsp70 and Hsp90 isoform levels also varied among Pythium strains, most likely as a strategy for priming the plant against infection. Overall, our results show in vitro mycoparasitism between Pythium strains and fungal pathogens and in planta involvement of heat shock proteins in priming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Bělonožníková
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (V.H.); (M.V.); (T.K.); (K.Č.); (L.H.); (M.C.); (A.Ž.)
| | - Veronika Hýsková
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (V.H.); (M.V.); (T.K.); (K.Č.); (L.H.); (M.C.); (A.Ž.)
| | - Marie Vašková
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (V.H.); (M.V.); (T.K.); (K.Č.); (L.H.); (M.C.); (A.Ž.)
| | - Tomáš Křížek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (V.H.); (M.V.); (T.K.); (K.Č.); (L.H.); (M.C.); (A.Ž.)
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Čokrtová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (V.H.); (M.V.); (T.K.); (K.Č.); (L.H.); (M.C.); (A.Ž.)
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Vaněk
- Biopreparáty, spol. s r.o., Tylišovská 1, 160 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic;
| | - Lucie Halířová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (V.H.); (M.V.); (T.K.); (K.Č.); (L.H.); (M.C.); (A.Ž.)
| | - Michal Chudý
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (V.H.); (M.V.); (T.K.); (K.Č.); (L.H.); (M.C.); (A.Ž.)
| | - Antoniana Žufić
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (V.H.); (M.V.); (T.K.); (K.Č.); (L.H.); (M.C.); (A.Ž.)
| | - Helena Ryšlavá
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (V.H.); (M.V.); (T.K.); (K.Č.); (L.H.); (M.C.); (A.Ž.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-221-951-282
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Malhotra EV, Jain R, Tyagi S, Venkat Raman K, Bansal S, Pattanayak D. Identification of dynamic microRNA associated with systemic defence against Helicoverpa armigera infestation in Cajanus scarabaeoides. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:3144-3154. [PMID: 35452179 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicoverpa armigera is a major insect pest of several crop plants, including pigeonpea. Resistant gene sources are not available in the cultivated gene pool, but resistance has been observed in its crop wild relative, Cajanus scarabaeoides. Gene regulatory mechanisms governing the systemic immune response of this plant to pod borer infestation have not yet been deciphered. MicroRNA (miRNA) profiles of H. armigera-infested and undamaged adjacent leaves of C. scarabaeoides were compared to gain an insight into the plant-insect interactions and to identify dynamic miRNA molecules potentially acting as mediators of systemic defence responses. RESULTS A total of 211 conserved, temporally dynamic miRNA were identified in the unfed adjacent leaves, out of which 98 were found to be differentially expressed in comparison to control leaves. On further analysis, most of the miRNA detected in the adjacent leaves was found to target genes involved in the defence pathways and plant immune response. An overlap of the differentially expressing miRNAs was observed between insect-fed and adjacent unfed leaves, indicating the transmission of signal from the site of infestation to the undamaged parts of the plant, indicative of induction of a systemic defence response. CONCLUSION The miRNA response in the unfed leaves had the signatures of induced changes in metabolism and signal transduction for induction of defence pathway genes. This study reveals the participation of miRNAs in imparting pod borer resistance and mounting a systemic defence response against pod borer infestation in C. scarabaeoides. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rishu Jain
- ICAR - National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - Saurabh Tyagi
- ICAR - National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - K Venkat Raman
- ICAR - National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sangita Bansal
- ICAR - National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
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