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Song LY, Xu CQ, Zhang LD, Li J, Jiang LW, Ma DN, Guo ZJ, Wang Q, Wang XX, Zheng HL. Trehalose along with ABA promotes the salt tolerance of Avicennia marina by regulating Na + transport. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 119:2349-2362. [PMID: 38981025 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Mangroves grow in tropical/subtropical intertidal habitats with extremely high salt tolerance. Trehalose and trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P) have an alleviating function against abiotic stress. However, the roles of trehalose in the salt tolerance of salt-secreting mangrove Avicennia marina is not documented. Here, we found that trehalose was significantly accumulated in A. marina under salt treatment. Furthermore, exogenous trehalose can enhance salt tolerance by promoting the Na+ efflux from leaf salt gland and root to reduce the Na+ content in root and leaf. Subsequently, eighteen trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (AmTPS) and 11 trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (AmTPP) genes were identified from A. marina genome. Abscisic acid (ABA) responsive elements were predicted in AmTPS and AmTPP promoters by cis-acting elements analysis. We further identified AmTPS9A, as an important positive regulator, that increased the salt tolerance of AmTPS9A-overexpressing Arabidopsis thaliana by altering the expressions of ion transport genes and mediating Na+ efflux from the roots of transgenic A. thaliana under NaCl treatments. In addition, we also found that ABA could promote the accumulation of trehalose, and the application of exogenous trehalose significantly promoted the biosynthesis of ABA in both roots and leaves of A. marina. Ultimately, we confirmed that AmABF2 directly binds to the AmTPS9A promoter in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, we speculated that there was a positive feedback loop between trehalose and ABA in regulating the salt tolerance of A. marina. These findings provide new understanding to the salt tolerance of A. marina in adapting to high saline environment at trehalose and ABA aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yu Song
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao-Qun Xu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu-Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, People's Republic of China
- Houji Laboratory in Shanxi Province, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Wei Jiang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Na Ma
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze-Jun Guo
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Xiu Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Lei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, People's Republic of China
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Zhang Y, Cao M, Li Q, Yu F. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of TPP gene family under salt stress in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305730. [PMID: 39024233 PMCID: PMC11257338 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (TPP), a key enzyme for trehalose biosynthesis in plants, plays a pivotal role in the growth and development of higher plants, as well as their adaptations to various abiotic stresses. Employing bioinformatics techniques, 45 TPP genes distributed across 17 chromosomes were identified with conserved Trehalose-PPase domains in the peanut genome, aiming to screen those involved in salt tolerance. Collinearity analysis showed that 22 TPP genes from peanut formed homologous gene pairs with 9 TPP genes from Arabidopsis and 31 TPP genes from soybean, respectively. Analysis of cis-acting elements in the promoters revealed the presence of multiple hormone- and abiotic stress-responsive elements in the promoter regions of AhTPPs. Expression pattern analysis showed that members of the TPP gene family in peanut responded significantly to various abiotic stresses, including low temperature, drought, and nitrogen deficiency, and exhibited certain tissue specificity. Salt stress significantly upregulated AhTPPs, with a higher number of responsive genes observed at the seedling stage compared to the podding stage. The intuitive physiological effect was reflected in the significantly higher accumulation of trehalose content in the leaves of plants under salt stress compared to the control. These findings indicate that the TPP gene family plays a crucial role in peanut's response to abiotic stresses, laying the foundation for further functional studies and utilization of these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minxuan Cao
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiuzhi Li
- Liaocheng Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Fagang Yu
- Liaocheng Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
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Vishal B, Krishnamurthy P, Kumar PP. Arabidopsis class II TPS controls root development and confers salt stress tolerance through enhanced hydrophobic barrier deposition. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:115. [PMID: 38613634 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03215-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The mechanism of conferring salt tolerance by AtTPS9 involves enhanced deposition of suberin lamellae in the Arabidopsis root endodermis, resulting in reduction of Na+ transported to the leaves. Members of the class I trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) enzymes are known to play an important role in plant growth and development in Arabidopsis. However, class II TPSs and their functions in salinity stress tolerance are not well studied. We characterized the function of a class II TPS gene, AtTPS9, to understand its role in salt stress response and root development in Arabidopsis. The attps9 mutant exhibited significant reduction of soluble sugar levels in the leaves and formation of suberin lamellae (SL) in the endodermis of roots compared to the wild type (WT). The reduction in SL deposition (hydrophobic barriers) leads to increased apoplastic xylem loading, resulting in enhanced Na+ content in the plants, which explains salt sensitivity of the mutant plants. Conversely, AtTPS9 overexpression lines exhibited increased SL deposition in the root endodermis along with increased salt tolerance, showing that regulation of SL deposition is one of the mechanisms of action of AtTPS9 in conferring salt tolerance to Arabidopsis plants. Our data showed that besides salt tolerance, AtTPS9 also regulates seed germination and root development. qRT-PCR analyses showed significant downregulation of selected SNF1-RELATED PROTEIN KINASE2 genes (SnRK2s) and ABA-responsive genes in the mutant, suggesting that AtTPS9 may regulate the ABA-signaling intermediates as part of the mechanism conferring salinity tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhushan Vishal
- Department of Biological Sciences and Research Centre on Sustainable Urban Farming, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Queenstown, 117543, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 2, Queenstown, 117456, Singapore
| | - Pannaga Krishnamurthy
- Department of Biological Sciences and Research Centre on Sustainable Urban Farming, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Queenstown, 117543, Singapore
| | - Prakash P Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences and Research Centre on Sustainable Urban Farming, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Queenstown, 117543, Singapore.
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Zhang S, Wei X, Cao X, Peng M, Wang M, Jiang L, Jin J. Solar-driven membrane separation for direct lithium extraction from artificial salt-lake brine. Nat Commun 2024; 15:238. [PMID: 38172144 PMCID: PMC10764783 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44625-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The demand for lithium extraction from salt-lake brines is increasing to address the lithium supply shortage. Nanofiltration separation technology with high Mg2+/Li+ separation efficiency has shown great potential for lithium extraction. However, it usually requires diluting the brine with a large quantity of freshwater and only yields Li+-enriched solution. Inspired by the process of selective ion uptake and salt secretion in mangroves, we report here the direct extraction of lithium from salt-lake brines by utilizing the synergistic effect of ion separation membrane and solar-driven evaporator. The ion separation membrane-based solar evaporator is a multilayer structure consisting of an upper photothermal layer to evaporate water, a hydrophilic porous membrane in the middle to generate capillary pressure as the driving force for water transport, and an ultrathin ion separation membrane at the bottom to allow Li+ to pass through and block other multivalent ions. This process exhibits excellent lithium extraction capability. When treating artificial salt-lake brine with salt concentration as high as 348.4 g L-1, the Mg2+/Li+ ratio is reduced by 66 times (from 19.8 to 0.3). This research combines ion separation with solar-driven evaporation to directly obtain LiCl powder, providing an efficient and sustainable approach for lithium extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenxiang Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xian Wei
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xue Cao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meiwen Peng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jian Jin
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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Ahmed S, Patel R, Rana M, Kumar N, I I, Choudhary M, Chand S, Singh AK, Ghosh A, Singhal RK. Effect of salt, alkali and combined stresses on root system architecture and ion profiling in a diverse panel of oat ( Avena spp.). FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2024; 51:NULL. [PMID: 37743054 DOI: 10.1071/fp23031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The co-occurrence of salinisation and alkalisation is quite frequent in problematic soils and poses an immediate threat to food, feed and nutritional security. In the present study, root system architectural traits (RSAs) and ion profiling were evaluated in 21 genotypes of Avena species to understand the effect of salinity-alkalinity stress. The oat genotypes were grown on germination paper and 5-day-old seedlings were transferred to a hydroponic system for up to 30days. These seedlings were subjected to seven treatments: T0 , treatment control (Hoagland solution); T1 , moderate salinity (50mM); T2 , high salinity (100mM); T3 , moderate alkalinity (15mM); T4 , high alkalinity (30mM); T5 , combined moderate salinity-alkalinity (50mM+15mM); and T6 , combined high salinity-alkalinity (100mM and 30mM) by using NaCl+Na2 SO4 (saline) and NaHCO3 +Na2 CO3 (alkaline) salts equivalently. The root traits, such as total root area (TRA), total root length (TRL), total root diameter (TRD), total root volume (TRV), root tips (RT), root segments (RS), root fork (RF) and root biomass (RB) were found to be statistically significant (P + and K+ content analysis in root and shoot tissues revealed the ion homeostasis capacity of different Avena accessions under stress treatments. Principal component analysis (PCA) covered almost 83.0% of genetic variation and revealed that the sharing of TRA, RT, RS and RF traits was significantly high. Biplot analysis showed a highly significant correlation matrix (P <0.01) between the pairs of RT and RS, TRL and RS, and RT and RF. Based on PCA ranking and relative value for stress tolerance, IG-20-1183, IG-20-894, IG-20-718 and IG-20-425 expressed tolerance to salinity (T2), IG-20-425 (alkalinity; T4) and IG-20-1183, IG-20-894 and IG-20-1004 were tolerant to salt-alkali treatment (T6). Multi-trait stability index (MTSI) analysis identified three stable oat genotypes (IG-20-714, IG-20-894 and IG-20-425) under multiple environments and these lines can be used in salinity-alkalinity affected areas after yield trials or as donor lines for combined stresses in future breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Ahmed
- ICAR-IGFRI (Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute), Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh 284003, India
| | - Richa Patel
- ICAR-IGFRI (Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute), Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh 284003, India
| | - Maneet Rana
- ICAR-IGFRI (Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute), Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh 284003, India
| | - Neeraj Kumar
- ICAR-IGFRI (Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute), Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh 284003, India
| | - Indu I
- ICAR-IGFRI (Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute), Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh 284003, India
| | - Mukesh Choudhary
- ICAR-IGFRI (Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute), Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh 284003, India
| | - Subhash Chand
- ICAR-IGFRI (Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute), Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh 284003, India
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- ICAR-IGFRI (Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute), Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh 284003, India
| | - Avijit Ghosh
- ICAR-IGFRI (Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute), Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh 284003, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Singhal
- ICAR-IGFRI (Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute), Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh 284003, India
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Martins TS, Da-Silva CJ, Shabala S, Striker GG, Carvalho IR, de Oliveira ACB, do Amarante L. Understanding plant responses to saline waterlogging: insights from halophytes and implications for crop tolerance. PLANTA 2023; 259:24. [PMID: 38108902 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04275-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Saline and wet environments stress most plants, reducing growth and yield. Halophytes adapt with ion regulation, energy maintenance, and antioxidants. Understanding these mechanisms aids in breeding resilient crops for climate change. Waterlogging and salinity are two abiotic stresses that have a major negative impact on crop growth and yield. These conditions cause osmotic, ionic, and oxidative stress, as well as energy deprivation, thus impairing plant growth and development. Although few crop species can tolerate the combination of salinity and waterlogging, halophytes are plant species that exhibit high tolerance to these conditions due to their morphological, anatomical, and metabolic adaptations. In this review, we discuss the main mechanisms employed by plants exposed to saline waterlogging, intending to understand the mechanistic basis of their ion homeostasis. We summarize the knowledge of transporters and channels involved in ion accumulation and exclusion, and how they are modulated to prevent cytosolic toxicity. In addition, we discuss how reactive oxygen species production and cell signaling enhance ion transport and aerenchyma formation, and how plants exposed to saline waterlogging can control oxidative stress. We also address the morphological and anatomical modifications that plants undergo in response to combined stress, including aerenchyma formation, root porosity, and other traits that help to mitigate stress. Furthermore, we discuss the peculiarities of halophyte plants and their features that can be leveraged to improve crop yields in areas prone to saline waterlogging. This review provides valuable insights into the mechanisms of plant adaptation to saline waterlogging thus paving the path for future research on crop breeding and management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamires S Martins
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão Do Leão, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Crop Physiology (LCroP), Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Cristiane J Da-Silva
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão Do Leão, Brazil.
- Department of Horticultural Science, NC State University, Raleigh, USA.
| | - Sergey Shabala
- School of Biological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, China
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Gustavo G Striker
- IFEVA, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Ivan R Carvalho
- Departamento de Estudos Agrários, Universidade Regional do Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Ijuí, Brazil
| | | | - Luciano do Amarante
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão Do Leão, Brazil
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Chang LF, Fei J, Wang YS, Ma XY, Zhao Y, Cheng H. Comparative Analysis of Cd Uptake and Tolerance in Two Mangrove Species ( Avicennia marina and Rhizophora stylosa) with Distinct Apoplast Barriers. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3786. [PMID: 38005683 PMCID: PMC10674663 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Mangrove plants demonstrate an impressive ability to tolerate environmental pollutants, but excessive levels of cadmium (Cd) can impede their growth. Few studies have focused on the effects of apoplast barriers on heavy metal tolerance in mangrove plants. To investigate the uptake and tolerance of Cd in mangrove plants, two distinct mangrove species, Avicennia marina and Rhizophora stylosa, are characterized by unique apoplast barriers. The results showed that both mangrove plants exhibited the highest concentration of Cd2+ in roots, followed by stems and leaves. The Cd2+ concentrations in all organs of R. stylosa consistently exhibited lower levels than those of A. marina. In addition, R. stylosa displayed a reduced concentration of apparent PTS and a smaller percentage of bypass flow when compared to A. marina. The root anatomical characteristics indicated that Cd treatment significantly enhanced endodermal suberization in both A. marina and R. stylosa roots, and R. stylosa exhibited a higher degree of suberization. The transcriptomic analysis of R. stylosa and A. marina roots under Cd stress revealed 23 candidate genes involved in suberin biosynthesis and 8 candidate genes associated with suberin regulation. This study has confirmed that suberized apoplastic barriers play a crucial role in preventing Cd from entering mangrove roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Fang Chang
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; (L.-F.C.); (J.F.); (Y.-S.W.); (X.-Y.M.)
- College of Life Science and Agroforestry, Qiqihaer University, Qiqihaer 161006, China
| | - Jiao Fei
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; (L.-F.C.); (J.F.); (Y.-S.W.); (X.-Y.M.)
| | - You-Shao Wang
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; (L.-F.C.); (J.F.); (Y.-S.W.); (X.-Y.M.)
| | - Xiao-Yu Ma
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; (L.-F.C.); (J.F.); (Y.-S.W.); (X.-Y.M.)
- College of Life Science and Agroforestry, Qiqihaer University, Qiqihaer 161006, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; (L.-F.C.); (J.F.); (Y.-S.W.); (X.-Y.M.)
- College of Life Science and Agroforestry, Qiqihaer University, Qiqihaer 161006, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; (L.-F.C.); (J.F.); (Y.-S.W.); (X.-Y.M.)
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Krishnamurthy P, Amzah NRB, Kumar PP. High-affinity potassium transporter from a mangrove tree Avicennia officinalis increases salinity tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 336:111841. [PMID: 37625549 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Salinity reduces the growth and productivity of crop plants worldwide. Mangroves have evolved efficient ion homeostasis mechanisms to survive under their natural saline growth habitat. Information obtained from them may be utilized for increasing the salt tolerance of crop plants. We identified and characterized a high-affinity potassium transporter gene (AoHKT1) from Avicennia officinalis. The expression of AoHKT1 was induced by NaCl mainly in the leaves. Functional study by heterologous expression of AoHKT1 in Arabidopsis T-DNA insertional mutants athkt1-1 and athkt1-4 revealed that it could enhance the salt tolerance of the mutant plants. This was accompanied by an increase in K+ accumulation in the leaves. AoHKT1 was localized to the plasma membrane in Arabidopsis, and when expressed in yeast, it could complement the functions of both Na+ and K+ transporters. An attempt was made to identify the upstream regulator of AtHKT1, a close homolog of AoHKT1. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation, luciferase assay and yeast one-hybrid assays, WRKY9 was identified as the main transcription factor in the process. Furthermore, this was corroborated by the observation that AtHKT1 levels were significantly reduced in the atwrky9 seedlings. These findings revealed a part of the molecular regulatory mechanism of HKT1 induction in response to salt treatment in Arabidopsis. Our study suggests that AoHKT1 is a potential candidate for generating crop plants with increased salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pannaga Krishnamurthy
- Department of Biological Sciences and Research Centre on Sustainable Urban Farming, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Nur Ramizah Bte Amzah
- Department of Biological Sciences and Research Centre on Sustainable Urban Farming, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Prakash P Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences and Research Centre on Sustainable Urban Farming, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
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9
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Zhu X, Huang H, Luo X, Wei Y, Du S, Yu J, Guo S, Chen K, Chen L. Condensed tannin accretions specifically distributed in mesophyll cells of non-salt secretor mangroves help in salt tolerance. PLANTA 2023; 258:100. [PMID: 37839056 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04254-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Auto-fluorescent condensed tannins specifically accumulated in mesophyll cells of non-salt secretor mangroves are involved in the compartmentation of Na+ and osmotic regulation, contributing to their salt tolerance. Salinity is a major abiotic stress affecting the distribution and growth of mangrove plants. The salt exclusion mechanism from salt secretor mangrove leaves is quite known; however, salt management strategies in non-salt secretor leaves remain unclear. In this study, we reported the auto-fluorescent inclusions (AFIs) specifically accumulated in mesophyll cells (MCs) of four non-salt secretor mangroves but absent in three salt secretors. The AFIs increased with the leaf development under natural condition, and applied NaCl concentrations applied in the lab. The AFIs in MCs were isolated and identified as condensed tannin accretions (CTAs) using the dye dimethyl-amino-cinnamaldehyde (DMACA), specific for condensed tannin (CT), both in situ leaf cross sections and in the purified AFIs. Fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis indicated that the CTAs originated from the inflated chloroplasts. The CTAs had an obvious membrane and could induce changes in shape and fluorescence intensity in hypotonic and hypertonic NaCl solutions, suggesting CTAs might have osmotic regulation ability and play an important role in the osmotic regulation in MCs. The purified CTAs were labeled by the fluorescent sodium-binding benzofuran isophthalate acetoxymethyl ester (SBFI-AM), confirming they were involved in the compartmentation of excess Na+ in MCs. This study provided a new view on the salt resistance-associated strategies in mangroves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Hezi Huang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Xu Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yuanhai Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Shuangling Du
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Jiamin Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Shengyu Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Kaiyun Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Linjiao Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
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10
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Guo Z, Wei MY, Zhong YH, Wu X, Chi BJ, Li J, Li H, Zhang LD, Wang XX, Zhu XY, Zheng HL. Leaf sodium homeostasis controlled by salt gland is associated with salt tolerance in mangrove plant Avicennia marina. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 43:817-831. [PMID: 36611000 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Avicennia marina, a mangrove plant growing in coastal wetland habitats, is frequently affected by tidal salinity. To understand its salinity tolerance, the seedlings of A. marina were treated with 0, 200, 400 and 600 mM NaCl. We found the whole-plant dry weight and photosynthetic parameters increased at 200 mM NaCl but decreased over 400 mM NaCl. The maximum quantum yield of primary photochemistry (Fv/Fm) significantly decreased at 600 mM NaCl. Transmission electron microscopy observations showed high salinity caused the reduction in starch grain size, swelling of the thylakoids and separation of the granal stacks, and even destruction of the envelope. In addition, the dense protoplasm and abundant mitochondria in the secretory and stalk cells, and abundant plasmodesmata between salt gland cells were observed in the salt glands of the adaxial epidermis. At all salinities, Na+ content was higher in leaves than in stems and roots; however, Na+ content increased in the roots while it remained at a constant level in the leaves over 400 mM NaCl treatment, due to salt secretion from the salt glands. As a result, salt crystals on the leaf adaxial surface increased with salinity. On the other hand, salt treatment increased Na+ and K+ efflux and decreased H+ efflux from the salt glands by the non-invasive micro-test technology, although Na+ efflux reached the maximum at 400 mM NaCl. Further real-time quantitative PCR analysis indicated that the expression of Na+/H+ antiporter (SOS1 and NHX1), H+-ATPase (AHA1 and VHA-c1) and K+ channel (AKT1, HAK5 and GORK) were up-regulated, and only the only Na+ inward transporter (HKT1) was down-regulated in the salt glands enriched adaxial epidermis of the leaves under 400 mM NaCl treatment. In conclusion, salinity below 200 mM NaCl was beneficial to the growth of A. marina, and below 400 mM, the salt glands could excrete Na+ effectively, thus improving its salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejun Guo
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, South Xiangan Road, Xiangan District, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Ming-Yue Wei
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, South Xiangan Road, Xiangan District, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
- School of Ecology, Resources and Environment, Dezhou University, 566 university Road West, Decheng District, Dezhou, Shandong 253000, China
| | - You-Hui Zhong
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, South Xiangan Road, Xiangan District, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Xuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, South Xiangan Road, Xiangan District, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Bing-Jie Chi
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, South Xiangan Road, Xiangan District, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, South Xiangan Road, Xiangan District, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Huan Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, South Xiangan Road, Xiangan District, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Lu-Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, South Xiangan Road, Xiangan District, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Xiu-Xiu Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, South Xiangan Road, Xiangan District, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Xue-Yi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, South Xiangan Road, Xiangan District, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Hai-Lei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, South Xiangan Road, Xiangan District, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
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11
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Li H, Lv CT, Li YT, Gao GY, Meng YF, You YL, Tian Q, Liang KQ, Chen Y, Chen H, Xia C, Rui XY, Zheng HL, Wei MY. RNA-sequencing transcriptome analysis of Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh. leaf epidermis defines tissue-specific transcriptional response to salinity treatment. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7614. [PMID: 37165000 PMCID: PMC10172313 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34095-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh. is a typical mangrove plant. Its epidermis contains salt glands, which can secrete excess salts onto the leaf surfaces, improving the salt tolerance of the plants. However, knowledge on the epidermis-specific transcriptional responses of A. marina to salinity treatment is lacking. Thus, physiological and transcriptomic techniques were applied to unravel the salt tolerance mechanism of A. marina. Our results showed that 400 mM NaCl significantly reduced the plant height, leaf area, leaf biomass and photosynthesis of A. marina. In addition, 1565 differentially expressed genes were identified, of which 634 and 931 were up- and down-regulated. Based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes metabolic pathway enrichment analysis, we demonstrated that decreased gene expression, especially that of OEE1, PQL2, FDX3, ATPC, GAPDH, PRK, FBP and RPE, could explain the inhibited photosynthesis caused by salt treatment. Furthermore, the ability of A. marina to cope with 400 mM NaCl treatment was dependent on appropriate hormone signalling and potential sulfur-containing metabolites, such as hydrogen sulfide and cysteine biosynthesis. Overall, the present study provides a theoretical basis for the adaption of A. marina to saline habitats and a reference for studying the salt tolerance mechanism of other mangrove plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Li
- College of Food and Bio-Engineering, Bengbu University, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao-Tian Lv
- College of Food and Bio-Engineering, Bengbu University, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Tao Li
- College of Food and Bio-Engineering, Bengbu University, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Yv Gao
- College of Food and Bio-Engineering, Bengbu University, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Fei Meng
- College of Food and Bio-Engineering, Bengbu University, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yv-Le You
- College of Food and Bio-Engineering, Bengbu University, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Tian
- College of Food and Bio-Engineering, Bengbu University, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun-Qi Liang
- College of Food and Bio-Engineering, Bengbu University, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Chen
- College of Food and Bio-Engineering, Bengbu University, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Chen
- College of Food and Bio-Engineering, Bengbu University, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Xia
- College of Food and Bio-Engineering, Bengbu University, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Yun Rui
- College of Food and Bio-Engineering, Bengbu University, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hai-Lei Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research of MOE, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ming-Yue Wei
- School of Ecology, Resources and Environment, Dezhou University, DeZhou, Shandong, 253000, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Feng X, Li G, Wu W, Lyu H, Wang J, Liu C, Zhong C, Shi S, He Z. Expansion and adaptive evolution of the WRKY transcription factor family in Avicennia mangrove trees. MARINE LIFE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 5:155-168. [PMID: 37275537 PMCID: PMC10232687 DOI: 10.1007/s42995-023-00177-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Mangroves are adapted to intertidal zones, which present extreme environmental conditions. WRKYs are among the most prominent transcription factors (TFs) in higher plants and act through various interconnected networks to regulate responses to multiple abiotic stressors. Here, based on omic data, we investigated the landscape and evolutionary patterns of WRKYs in the main mangrove genus Avicennia. We found that both the number and the proportion of TFs and WRKYs in Avicennia species exceeded their inland relatives, indicating a significant expansion of WRKYs in Avicennia. We identified 109 WRKY genes in the representative species Avicennia marina. Comparative genomic analysis showed that two recent whole-genome duplication (WGD) events played a critical role in the expansion of WRKYs, and 88% of Avicennia marina WRKYs (AmWRKYs) have been retained following these WGDs. Applying comparative transcriptomics on roots under experimental salt gradients, we inferred that there is high divergence in the expression of WGD-retained AmWRKYs. Moreover, we found that the expression of 16 AmWRKYs was stable between freshwater and moderately saline water but increased when the trees were exposed to high salinity. In particular, 14 duplicates were retained following the two recent WGD events, indicating potential neo- and sub-functionalization. We also found that WRKYs could interact with other upregulated genes involved in signalling pathways and natural antioxidant biosynthesis to enhance salt tolerance, contributing to the adaptation to intertidal zones. Our omic data of the WRKY family in A. marina broadens the understanding of how a TF family relates to the adaptive evolution of mangroves. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42995-023-00177-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 China
- Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine (Guangzhou), Fudan University, Guangzhou, 511458 China
| | - Guohong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 China
| | - Weihong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 China
| | - Haomin Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 China
| | - Jiexin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 China
| | - Cong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 China
| | - Cairong Zhong
- Hainan Academy of Forestry (Hainan Academy of Mangrove), Haikou, 571100 China
| | - Suhua Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 China
| | - Ziwen He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 China
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13
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Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus on Sodium and Chloride Ion Channels of Casuarina glauca under Salt Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043680. [PMID: 36835093 PMCID: PMC9966195 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Casuarina glauca is an important coastal protection forest species, which is exposed to high salt stress all year round. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can promote the growth and salt tolerance of C. glauca under salt stress. However, the effects of AMF on the distribution of Na+ and Cl- and the expression of related genes in C. glauca under salt stress need to be further explored. This study explored the effects of Rhizophagus irregularis on plant biomass, the distribution of Na+ and Cl-, and the expression of related genes in C. glauca under NaCl stress through pot simulation experiments. The results revealed that the mechanisms of Na+ and Cl- transport of C. glauca under NaCl stress were different. C. glauca took a salt accumulation approach to Na+, transferring Na+ from roots to shoots. Salt accumulation of Na+ promoted by AMF was associated with CgNHX7. The transport mechanism of C. glauca to Cl- might involve salt exclusion rather than salt accumulation, and Cl- was no longer transferred to shoots in large quantities but started to accumulate in roots. However, AMF alleviated Na+ and Cl- stress by similar mechanisms. AMF could promote salt dilution of C. glauca by increasing biomass and the content of K+, compartmentalizing Na+ and Cl- in vacuoles. These processes were associated with the expression of CgNHX1, CgNHX2-1, CgCLCD, CgCLCF, and CgCLCG. Our study will provide a theoretical basis for the application of AMF to improve salt tolerance in plants.
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Liu L, Wei X, Yang Z, Yuan F, Han G, Guo J, Wang B. SbCASP-LP1C1 improves salt exclusion by enhancing the root apoplastic barrier. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 111:73-88. [PMID: 36372837 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-022-01312-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sweet sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], a C4 crop with high biomass and strong resistance to multiple stresses, can grow and reproduce in saline-alkaline soil and is an ideal raw material for biofuels. Under high-salinity conditions, sweet sorghum shows extensive salt exclusion. However, the specific molecular mechanism of the apoplastic barrier in salt exclusion is unknown. In this study, SbCASP-LP1C1 (a CASP-like protein1C1) was localized in the plasma membrane of sweet sorghum root endodermal cells, and its function was further studied by heterologous expression in Arabidopsis (35 S:SbCASP-LP1C1-GFP). When germinated and grown on 50 mM NaCl, the SbCASP-LP1C1-expressing lines had longer roots and a higher salinity threshold compared with wild-type (Col-0) plant and the casp-lp T-DNA insertion mutant in Arabidopsis. The 35 S:SbCASP-LP1C1-GFP lines also suffered less oxidative damage as determined by DAB and NBT staining, and the expression levels of several antioxidant genes were higher in these lines. Moreover, the stele of 35 S:SbCASP-LP1C1-GFP lines was less permeable to propidium iodide, and these plants contained less Na+ in their shoots and roots compared to wild type and casp-lp. In the 35 S:SbCASP-LP1C1-GFP lines, the expression levels of two Casparian strip synthesis genes, MYB36 and ESB1, were increased. These results indicate that SbCASP-LP1C1 may be involved in the polymerization of lignin monomers in the Casparian strip of sweet sorghum, thereby regulating salt tolerance. These results provide a theoretical basis to understand the role of plant roots in salt exclusion and a means by which to improve the salt tolerance of crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaocen Wei
- Key Laboratory of New Material Research Institute, Department of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, 250355, Shandong, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering, School of Biologic Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji'nan, 250306, Shandong, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Guoliang Han
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Jianrong Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Baoshan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, Shandong, China.
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15
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Langenbach T, Pessoa DMM, Soares MLG, Magdaleno ACRM, Hagler A, de Campos TMP. Zinc and cadmium contamination in an Avicennia schaueriana mangrove environment: Mass balance and tissue distribution. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 184:114170. [PMID: 36307951 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The leachate pond of a Zn processing plant in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, released Zn and Cd into a mangrove during three decades. Soil, root, stems, leaves and phloem bark samples of Avicenna schaueriana from the mangrove were collected and analyzed. Zn and Cd levels were measured by atomic absorption and were much more concentrated in soil at 76 kg/ha and 424 kg/ha respectively than in the trees (272.3 kg/ha Zn and 0.046 kg/ha Cd). This species shows a protective mechanism against uptake. The high content of Cd in the bark phloem was due to exposure to tidal flooding with high concentrations of Cd, not translocation from the roots. Allometry, and the biomass of roots, stems, leaves and bark showed that only a small percentage was phytoextracted by A. schaueriana, so this species under the described concentrations cannot phytoaccumulate and should not be used in phytoextraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomaz Langenbach
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Scientific Technical Center (CTC), Rua Marquês de São Vicente, Rio de Janeiro 22451-900, Brazil.
| | - Denise Maria Mano Pessoa
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Scientific Technical Center (CTC), Rua Marquês de São Vicente, Rio de Janeiro 22451-900, Brazil.
| | - Mário Luiz Gomes Soares
- Faculty of Oceanography, Center for Technology and Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rua São Francisco Xavier, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro 20550013, Brazil.
| | - Anna Carolina Ribeiro Mendes Magdaleno
- Post-graduation in Plant Biotechnology Program, Health Sciences Center (CCS), Block K, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Allen Hagler
- Department of General Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology Professor Paulo de Góes, Health Sciences Center (CCS), Block I, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Tácio Mauro Pereira de Campos
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Scientific Technical Center (CTC), Rua Marquês de São Vicente, Rio de Janeiro 22451-900, Brazil.
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16
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Wei MY, Li H, Zhang LD, Guo ZJ, Liu JY, Ding QS, Zhong YH, Li J, Ma DN, Zheng HL. Exogenous hydrogen sulfide mediates Na+ and K+ fluxes of salt gland in salt-secreting mangrove plant Avicennia marina. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:1812-1826. [PMID: 35412618 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), is a crucial biological player in plants. Here, we primarily explored the interaction between sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, a H2S donor) and the fluxes of Na+ and K+ from the salt glands of mangrove species Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh. with non-invasive micro-test technology (NMT) and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) approaches under salinity treatments. The results showed that under 400-mM NaCl treatment, the addition of 200-μM NaHS markedly increased the quantity of salt crystals in the adaxial epidermis of A. marina leaves, accompanied by an increase in the K+/Na+ ratio. Meanwhile, the endogenous content of H2S was dramatically elevated in this process. The NMT result revealed that the Na+ efflux was increased from salt glands, whereas K+ efflux was decreased with NaHS application. On the contrary, the effects of NaHS were reversed by H2S scavenger hypotaurine (HT), and DL-propargylglycine (PAG), an inhibitor of cystathionine-γ-lyase (CES, a H2S synthase). Moreover, enzymic assay revealed that NaHS increased the activities of plasma membrane and tonoplast H+-ATPase. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that NaHS significantly increased the genes transcript levels of tonoplast Na+/H+ antiporter (NHX1), plasma membrane Na+/H+ antiporter (SOS1), plasma membrane H+-ATPase (AHA1) and tonoplast H+-ATPase subunit c (VHA-c1), while suppressed above-mentioned gene expressions by the application of HT and PAG. Overall, H2S promotes Na+ secretion from the salt glands of A. marina by up-regulating the plasma membrane and tonoplast Na+/H+ antiporter and H+-ATPase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yue Wei
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research of MOE, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P.R. China
| | - Huan Li
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research of MOE, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P.R. China
- College of Food and Bio-engineering, Bengbu University, Caoshan Road, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, P.R. China
| | - Lu-Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research of MOE, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P.R. China
| | - Ze-Jun Guo
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research of MOE, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Yun Liu
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research of MOE, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P.R. China
| | - Qian-Su Ding
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research of MOE, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P.R. China
| | - You-Hui Zhong
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research of MOE, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P.R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research of MOE, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Na Ma
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research of MOE, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Lei Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research of MOE, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P.R. China
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17
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Jiang (蒋国凤) GF, Li (李溯源) SY, Li (李艺蝉) YC, Roddy AB. Coordination of hydraulic thresholds across roots, stems, and leaves of two co-occurring mangrove species. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:2159-2174. [PMID: 35640109 PMCID: PMC9342987 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Mangroves are frequently inundated with saline water and have evolved different anatomical and physiological mechanisms to filter and, in some species, excrete excess salt from the water they take up. Because salts impose osmotic stress, interspecific differences in salt tolerance and salt management strategy may influence physiological responses to drought throughout the entire plant hydraulic pathway, from roots to leaves. Here, we characterized embolism vulnerability simultaneously in leaves, stems, and roots of seedlings of two mangrove species (Avicennia marina and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza) along with turgor-loss points in roots and leaves and xylem anatomical traits. In both species, the water potentials causing 50% of total embolism were less negative in roots and leaves than they were in stems, but the water potentials causing incipient embolism (5%) were similar in roots, stems, and leaves. Stomatal closure in leaves and turgor loss in both leaves and roots occurred at water potentials only slightly less negative than the water potentials causing 5% of total embolism. Xylem anatomical traits were unrelated to vulnerability to embolism. Vulnerability segmentation may be important in limiting embolism spread into stems from more vulnerable roots and leaves. Interspecific differences in salt tolerance affected hydraulic traits from roots to leaves: the salt-secretor A. marina lost turgor at more negative water potentials and had more embolism-resistant xylem than the salt-excluder B. gymnorrhiza. Characterizing physiological thresholds of roots may help to explain recent mangrove mortality after drought and extended saltwater inundation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Su-Yuan Li (李溯源)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yi-Chan Li (李艺蝉)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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18
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Abstract
Foliar water uptake (FWU) is a mechanism that enables plants to acquire water from the atmosphere through their leaves. As mangroves live in a saline sediment water environment, the mechanism of FWU might be of vital importance to acquire freshwater and grow. The goal of this study was to assess the FWU capacity of six different mangrove species belonging to four genera using a series of submersion experiments in which the leaf mass increase was measured and expressed per unit leaf area. The foliar water uptake capacity differed between species with the highest and lowest average water uptake in Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. (1.52 ± 0.48 mg H2O cm−2) and Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Lam. (0.13 ± 0.06 mg H2O cm−2), respectively. Salt-excreting species showed a higher FWU capacity than non-excreting species. Moreover, A. marina, a salt-excreting species, showed a distinct leaf anatomical trait, i.e., trichomes, which were not observed in the other species and might be involved in the water absorption process. The storage of leaves in moist Ziplock bags prior to measurement caused leaf water uptake to already occur during transport to the field station, which proportionately increased the leaf water potential (A. marina: −0.31 ± 0.13 MPa and B. gymnorhiza: −2.70 ± 0.27 MPa). This increase should be considered when performing best practice leaf water potential measurements but did not affect the quantification of FWU capacity because of the water potential gradient between a leaf and the surrounding water during submersion. Our results highlight the differences that exist in FWU capacity between species residing in the same area and growing under the same environmental conditions. This comparative study therefore enhances our understanding of mangrove species’ functioning.
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Ma D, Ding Q, Guo Z, Xu C, Liang P, Zhao Z, Song S, Zheng HL. The genome of a mangrove plant, Avicennia marina, provides insights into adaptation to coastal intertidal habitats. PLANTA 2022; 256:6. [PMID: 35678934 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03916-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Whole-genome duplication, gene family and lineage-specific genes analysis based on high-quality genome reveal the adaptation mechanisms of Avicennia marina to coastal intertidal habitats. Mangrove plants grow in a complex habitat of coastal intertidal zones with high salinity, hypoxia, etc. Therefore, it is an interesting question how mangroves adapt to the unique intertidal environment. Here, we present a chromosome-level genome of the Avicennia marina, a typical true mangrove with a size of 480.43 Mb, contig N50 of 11.33 Mb and 30,956 annotated protein-coding genes. We identified 621 Avicennia-specific genes that are mainly related to flavonoid and lignin biosynthesis, auxin homeostasis and response to abiotic stimulus. We found that A. marina underwent a novel specific whole-genome duplication, which is in line with a brief era of global warming that occurred during the paleocene-eocene maximum. Comparative genomic and transcriptomic analyses outline the distinct evolution and sophisticated regulations of A. marina adaptation to the intertidal environments, including expansion of photosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation gene families, unique genes and pathways for antibacterial, detoxifying antioxidant and reactive oxygen species scavenging. In addition, we also analyzed salt gland secretion-related genes, and those involved in the red bark-related flavonoid biosynthesis, while significant expansions of key genes such as NHX, 4CL, CHS and CHI. High-quality genomes in future investigations will facilitate the understand of evolution of mangrove and improve breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongna Ma
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Qiansu Ding
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Zejun Guo
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Chaoqun Xu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Pingping Liang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Zhizhu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Shiwei Song
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Hai-Lei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China.
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20
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Root Na+ Content Negatively Correlated to Salt Tolerance Determines the Salt Tolerance of Brassica napus L. Inbred Seedlings. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11070906. [PMID: 35406886 PMCID: PMC9002931 DOI: 10.3390/plants11070906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Soil salinization is a major environmental stressor that reduces the growth and yield of crops. Maintaining the balance of ions under salinity is vital for plant salt tolerance; however, little is known about the correlation between the salt tolerance of crops and the ion contents of their roots and shoots. Here, we investigated the poorly understood salt-tolerance mechanisms, particularly regarding ion contents (particularly Na+), in Brassica napus subsp. napus L., an agriculturally important species. Twenty B. napus inbred lines were randomly chosen from five salt-tolerance categories and treated with increasing concentrations of NaCl (0–200 mmol) for this work. We found that the root Na+ content is the most correlated limiting factor for the salt tolerance of B. napus; the higher the salt tolerance, the lower the root Na+ content. Correspondingly, the Ca2+/Na+ and K+/Na+ ratios of the roots were highly correlated with B. napus salt tolerance, indicating that the selective absorption ability of these ions by the roots and their translocation to the shoots play a pivotal role in this trait. These data provide a foundation for the further study of the molecular mechanisms underlying salt tolerance and for breeding salt-tolerant B. napus cultivars.
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21
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Nizam A, Meera SP, Kumar A. Genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying mangrove adaptations to intertidal environments. iScience 2022; 25:103547. [PMID: 34988398 PMCID: PMC8693430 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mangroves are halophytic plants belonging to diverse angiosperm families that are adapted to highly stressful intertidal zones between land and sea. They are special, unique, and one of the most productive ecosystems that play enormous ecological roles and provide a large number of benefits to the coastal communities. To thrive under highly stressful conditions, mangroves have innovated several key morphological, anatomical, and physio-biochemical adaptations. The evolution of the unique adaptive modifications might have resulted from a host of genetic and molecular changes and to date we know little about the nature of these genetic and molecular changes. Although slow, new information has accumulated over the last few decades on the genetic and molecular regulation of the mangrove adaptations, a comprehensive review on it is not yet available. This review provides up-to-date consolidated information on the genetic, epigenetic, and molecular regulation of mangrove adaptive traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashifa Nizam
- Department of Plant Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala 671316, India
| | - Suraj Prasannakumari Meera
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Dr. Janaki Ammal Campus, Kannur University, Palayad, Kerala 670661, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Plant Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala 671316, India
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22
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Root Suberin Plays Important Roles in Reducing Water Loss and Sodium Uptake in Arabidopsis thaliana. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11110735. [PMID: 34822393 PMCID: PMC8618449 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11110735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Suberin is a cell-wall-associated hetero-polymer deposited in specific plant tissues. The precise role of its composition and lamellae structure in protecting plants against abiotic stresses is unclear. In Arabidopsis thaliana, we tested the biochemical and physiological responses to water deficiency and NaCl treatment in mutants that are differentially affected in suberin composition and lamellae structure. Chronic drought stress increased suberin and suberin-associated waxes in wild-type plants. Suberin-deficient mutants were not more susceptible than the wild-type to the chronic drought stress imposed in this study. Nonetheless, the cyp86a1-1 cyp86b1-1 mutant, which had a severely altered suberin composition and lamellae structure, exhibited increased water loss through the root periderm. Cyp86a1-1 cyp86b1-1 also recorded lower relative water content in leaves. The abcg2-1 abcg6-1 abcg20-1 mutant, which has altered suberin composition and lamellae, was very sensitive to NaCl treatment. Furthermore, cyp86a1-1 cyp86b1-1 recorded a significant drop in the leaf K/Na ratio, indicating salt sensitivity. The far1-2 far4-1 far5-1 mutant, which did not show structural defects in the suberin lamellae, had similar responses to drought and NaCl treatments as the wild-type. Our results provide evidence that the suberin amount and lamellae structure are key features in the barrier function of suberin in reducing water loss and reducing sodium uptake through roots for better performance under drought and salt stresses.
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23
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Rahman MM, Mostofa MG, Keya SS, Siddiqui MN, Ansary MMU, Das AK, Rahman MA, Tran LSP. Adaptive Mechanisms of Halophytes and Their Potential in Improving Salinity Tolerance in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910733. [PMID: 34639074 PMCID: PMC8509322 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil salinization, which is aggravated by climate change and inappropriate anthropogenic activities, has emerged as a serious environmental problem, threatening sustainable agriculture and future food security. Although there has been considerable progress in developing crop varieties by introducing salt tolerance-associated traits, most crop cultivars grown in saline soils still exhibit a decline in yield, necessitating the search for alternatives. Halophytes, with their intrinsic salt tolerance characteristics, are known to have great potential in rehabilitating salt-contaminated soils to support plant growth in saline soils by employing various strategies, including phytoremediation. In addition, the recent identification and characterization of salt tolerance-related genes encoding signaling components from halophytes, which are naturally grown under high salinity, have paved the way for the development of transgenic crops with improved salt tolerance. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive update on salinity-induced negative effects on soils and plants, including alterations of physicochemical properties in soils, and changes in physiological and biochemical processes and ion disparities in plants. We also review the physiological and biochemical adaptation strategies that help halophytes grow and survive in salinity-affected areas. Furthermore, we illustrate the halophyte-mediated phytoremediation process in salinity-affected areas, as well as their potential impacts on soil properties. Importantly, based on the recent findings on salt tolerance mechanisms in halophytes, we also comprehensively discuss the potential of improving salt tolerance in crop plants by introducing candidate genes related to antiporters, ion transporters, antioxidants, and defense proteins from halophytes for conserving sustainable agriculture in salinity-prone areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Mezanur Rahman
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (M.M.R.); (S.S.K.)
| | - Mohammad Golam Mostofa
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (M.M.R.); (S.S.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh;
- Correspondence: (M.G.M.); (L.S.-P.T.); Tel.: +1-806-5007763 (M.G.M.); +1-806-8347829 (L.S.-P.T.)
| | - Sanjida Sultana Keya
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (M.M.R.); (S.S.K.)
| | - Md. Nurealam Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh;
| | - Md. Mesbah Uddin Ansary
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh;
| | - Ashim Kumar Das
- Department of Agroforestry and Environment, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh; (A.K.D.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Md. Abiar Rahman
- Department of Agroforestry and Environment, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh; (A.K.D.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Lam Son-Phan Tran
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (M.M.R.); (S.S.K.)
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
- Correspondence: (M.G.M.); (L.S.-P.T.); Tel.: +1-806-5007763 (M.G.M.); +1-806-8347829 (L.S.-P.T.)
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24
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Wei X, Liu L, Lu C, Yuan F, Han G, Wang B. SbCASP4 improves salt exclusion by enhancing the root apoplastic barrier. PLANTA 2021; 254:81. [PMID: 34554320 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03731-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
SbCASP4 improves the salt tolerance of sweet sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Mocnch] by enhancing the root apoplastic barrier and blocking the transport of sodium ions to the shoot. Sweet sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Mocnch] is a C4 crop with high biomass and tolerance to abiotic stresses such as salt, drought, and waterlogging. Sweet sorghum is widely used in bioenergy production, as a forage crop, and in liquors and beer. Root salt exclusion has been reported to underlie the salt tolerance of sweet sorghum. The Casparian strip has a key role in root salt exclusion, and the membrane domain protein (CASP) family participates in Casparian strip aggregation. However, the function and the regulatory mechanisms of SbCASP in response to salt stress in sweet sorghum are unclear. In the current study, we cloned SbCASP4 and determined that it is induced by salt stress and expressed in the endodermis cells of sweet sorghum. Histochemical staining and physiological indicators showed that heterologous expression of SbCASP4 significantly increased the tolerance to salt stress in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. Compared with wild type and casp5 mutants, under 50 mM NaCl treatment, SbCASP4-expression lines had the less leaf Na+, lower PI accumulation in stele, smaller oxidative damage and higher salinity threshold, longer root length and higher expression levels of the genes related to Casparian strip formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocen Wei
- Department of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Key Laboratory of New Material Research Institute, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoxia Lu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoliang Han
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoshan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity of Mangrove Root Sphere under a Tropical Monsoon Climate in Eastern Thailand. FORESTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/f12080966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mangrove ecosystems under tropical monsoon climates experience changes in environmental factors, especially seasonal variations in salinity. These changes might have direct influences on the mangrove root sphere, which plays an important role in carbon dynamics and supports mangrove growth. We aimed to elucidate how the soil properties including salinity and nutrient budget affect the mangrove roots in the wet and dry seasons across the mangrove zonation (Avicennia, Rhizophora, and Xylocarpus zones). This area is in a secondary forest at the Trat River estuary, eastern Thailand. Root mass was observed at 0–10 and 10–20 cm depths across all zones and the living roots were separated into diameter classes. The soil water salinity was measured at a 10 cm depth. We analyzed the nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon contents in the roots and soil. Spatiotemporal changes occurred due to the vegetation zonation and the variations in salinity and the content of soil available phosphorus that caused different root sphere conditions along the distance from the river. The highest root biomass was found in the riverward Avicennia zone, which was 4.8 times higher than that of the inland Xylocarpus zone in the wet season. The root necromass distribution along the zonation showed an opposite trend to that of biomass. Among seasons, the root size-class proportion differed, with high fine roots observed during the wet season. We confirmed that the root sphere showed both spatial and temporal heterogeneity. Mangrove roots, especially fine roots, interacted with changing salinity, inundation regime, and biological processes evoked by microtopographic gradients as a consequence of mangrove zonation and seasonal rainfall. Our findings indicate how the root sphere differed by specific vegetation structure in this mangrove forest. Therefore, these might provide an ecological perspective for the mangrove rehabilitation plans to facilitate below-ground carbon stock.
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26
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Natarajan P, Murugesan AK, Govindan G, Gopalakrishnan A, Kumar R, Duraisamy P, Balaji R, Tanuja, Shyamli PS, Parida AK, Parani M. A reference-grade genome identifies salt-tolerance genes from the salt-secreting mangrove species Avicennia marina. Commun Biol 2021; 4:851. [PMID: 34239036 PMCID: PMC8266904 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02384-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Water scarcity and salinity are major challenges facing agriculture today, which can be addressed by engineering plants to grow in the boundless seawater. Understanding the mangrove plants at the molecular level will be necessary for developing such highly salt-tolerant agricultural crops. With this objective, we sequenced the genome of a salt-secreting and extraordinarily salt-tolerant mangrove species, Avicennia marina, that grows optimally in 75% seawater and tolerates >250% seawater. Our reference-grade ~457 Mb genome contains 31 scaffolds corresponding to its chromosomes. We identified 31,477 protein-coding genes and a salinome consisting of 3246 salinity-responsive genes and homologs of 614 experimentally validated salinity tolerance genes. The salinome provides a strong foundation to understand the molecular mechanisms of salinity tolerance in plants and breeding crops suitable for seawater farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purushothaman Natarajan
- grid.412742.60000 0004 0635 5080Genomics Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Ashok Kumar Murugesan
- grid.412742.60000 0004 0635 5080Genomics Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Ganesan Govindan
- grid.412742.60000 0004 0635 5080Genomics Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Ayyaru Gopalakrishnan
- grid.411408.80000 0001 2369 7742Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Ravichandiran Kumar
- grid.412742.60000 0004 0635 5080Genomics Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Purushothaman Duraisamy
- grid.412742.60000 0004 0635 5080Genomics Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Raju Balaji
- grid.412742.60000 0004 0635 5080Genomics Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Tanuja
- grid.412742.60000 0004 0635 5080Genomics Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Puhan Sushree Shyamli
- grid.418782.00000 0004 0504 0781Institute of Life Sciences, NALCO Square, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Ajay K. Parida
- grid.418782.00000 0004 0504 0781Institute of Life Sciences, NALCO Square, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Madasamy Parani
- grid.412742.60000 0004 0635 5080Genomics Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu India
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27
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Krishnamurthy P, Vishal B, Bhal A, Kumar PP. WRKY9 transcription factor regulates cytochrome P450 genes CYP94B3 and CYP86B1, leading to increased root suberin and salt tolerance in Arabidopsis. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:1673-1687. [PMID: 33619745 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Salinity affects crop productivity worldwide and mangroves growing under high salinity exhibit adaptations such as enhanced root apoplastic barrier to survive under such conditions. We have identified two cytochrome P450 family genes, AoCYP94B3 and AoCYP86B1 from the mangrove tree Avicennia officinalis and characterized them using atcyp94b3 and atcyp86b1, which are mutants of their putative Arabidopsis orthologs and the corresponding complemented lines with A. officinalis genes. CYP94B3 and CYP86B1 transcripts were induced upon salt treatment in the roots of both A. officinalis and Arabidopsis. Both AoCYP94B3 and AoCYP86B1 were localized to the endoplasmic reticulum. Heterologous expression of 35S::AoCYP94B3 and 35S::AoCYP86B1 in their respective Arabidopsis mutants (atcyp94b3 and atcyp86b1) increased the salt tolerance of the transgenic seedlings by reducing the amount of Na+ accumulation in the shoots. Moreover, the reduced root suberin phenotype of atcyp94b3 was rescued in the 35S::AoCYP94B3;atcyp94b3 transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings. Gas-chromatography and mass spectrometry analyses showed that the amount of suberin monomers (C-16 ω-hydroxy acids, C-16 α, ω-dicarboxylic acids and C-20 eicosanol) were increased in the roots of 35S::AoCYP94B3;atcyp94b3 Arabidopsis seedlings. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation and electrophoretic mobility shift assays, we identified AtWRKY9 as the upstream regulator of AtCYP94B3 and AtCYP86B1 in Arabidopsis. In addition, atwrky9 showed suppressed expression of AtCYP94B3 and AtCYP86B1 transcripts, and reduced suberin in the roots. These results show that AtWRKY9 controls suberin deposition by regulating AtCYP94B3 and AtCYP86B1, leading to salt tolerance. Our data can be used for generating salt-tolerant crop plants in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pannaga Krishnamurthy
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Environmental Research Institute (NERI), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bhushan Vishal
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amrit Bhal
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Prakash P Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Environmental Research Institute (NERI), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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28
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Du B, Ma Y, Yáñez-Serrano AM, Arab L, Fasbender L, Alfarraj S, Albasher G, Hedrich R, White PJ, Werner C, Rennenberg H. Physiological responses of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) seedlings to seawater and flooding. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:3318-3329. [PMID: 33259640 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In their natural environment along coast lines, date palms are exposed to seawater inundation and, hence, combined stress by salinity and flooding. To elucidate the consequences of this combined stress on foliar gas exchange and metabolite abundances in leaves and roots, date palm seedlings were exposed to flooding with seawater and its major constituents under controlled conditions. Seawater flooding significantly reduced CO2 assimilation, transpiration and stomatal conductance, but did not affect isoprene emission. A similar effect was observed upon NaCl exposure. By contrast, flooding with distilled water or MgSO4 did not affect CO2 /H2 O gas exchange or stomatal conductance significantly, indicating that neither flooding itself, nor seawater sulfate, contributed greatly to stomatal closure. Seawater exposure increased Na and Cl contents in leaves and roots, but did not affect sulfate contents significantly. Metabolite analyses revealed reduced abundances of foliar compatible solutes, such as sugars and sugar alcohols, whereas nitrogen compounds accumulated in roots. Reduced transpiration upon seawater exposure may contribute to controlling the movement of toxic ions to leaves and, therefore, can be seen as a mechanism to cope with salinity. The present results indicate that date palm seedlings are tolerant towards seawater exposure to some extent, and highly tolerant to flooding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoguo Du
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Mianyang Normal University, Mianxing Road West 166, Mianyang, 621000, China
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53, Freiburg, 79110, Germany
| | - Yuhua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Ningda Road 251, Xining, 810016, China
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53, Freiburg, 79110, Germany
| | - Ana Maria Yáñez-Serrano
- Ecosystem Physiology, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53/54, Freiburg, 79110, Germany
| | - Leila Arab
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53, Freiburg, 79110, Germany
| | - Lukas Fasbender
- Ecosystem Physiology, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53/54, Freiburg, 79110, Germany
| | - Saleh Alfarraj
- King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gadah Albasher
- King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, 97082, Germany
| | - Philip J White
- King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, Scotland, UK
| | - Christiane Werner
- Ecosystem Physiology, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53/54, Freiburg, 79110, Germany
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53, Freiburg, 79110, Germany
- King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Liu Y, Tao Q, Li J, Guo X, Luo J, Jupa R, Liang Y, Li T. Ethylene-mediated apoplastic barriers development involved in cadmium accumulation in root of hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 403:123729. [PMID: 33264898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene is an important phytohormone for plant adaptation to heavy metal stress. However, the effects of ethylene on radial apoplastic transport of Cd remain elusive. This study investigated the role of ethylene on apoplastic barriers development and consequences for Cd uptake in Sedum alfredii. In response to Cd, endogenous ethylene production in hyperaccumulating ecotype (HE) roots was decreased due to the down-regulated expressions of ethylene biosynthesis genes, while the opposite result was observed in non-hyperaccumulating ecotype (NHE). Interestingly, the ethylene emission in HE was always higher than that in NHE, regardless of Cd concentrations. Results of exogenous application of ethylene biosynthesis precursor/inhibitor indicate that ethylene with high level would delay the formation of apoplastic barriers in HE through restraining phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity and gene expressions related to lignin/suberin biosynthesis. Simultaneously, correlation analyses suggest that Cd-induced apoplastic barriers formation may be also regulated by ethylene signaling. By using an apoplastic bypass tracer and scanning ion-selected electrode, we observed that the delayed deposition of apoplastic barriers significantly promoted Cd influx in roots. Taken together, high endogenous ethylene in HE postponed the formation of apoplastic barriers and thus promoted the Cd accumulation in the apoplast of roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuankun Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmentaland Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qi Tao
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jinxing Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmentaland Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xinyu Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmentaland Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jipeng Luo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmentaland Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Radek Jupa
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Yongchao Liang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmentaland Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Tingqiang Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmentaland Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou, 310058, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Environment and Resources Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Liu Y, Lu M, Tao Q, Luo J, Li J, Guo X, Liang Y, Yang X, Li T. A comparative study of root cadmium radial transport in seedlings of two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes differing in grain cadmium accumulation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115235. [PMID: 32707356 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The radial transport of cadmium (Cd) is essential for Cd influx in roots. The role of radial transport pathway on the Cd translocation from root to shoot among wheat genotypes are still poorly understood. This study explored the role of apoplastic and symplastic pathway on root Cd uptake and root-to-shoot translocation in Zhenmai 10 (ZM10, high Cd in grains) and Aikang 58 (AK58, low Cd in grains). Under Cd treatment, the deposition of Casparian strips (CSs) and suberin lamellae (SL) initiated closer to the root apex in ZM10 than that in AK58, which resulted in the lower Cd concentration in apoplastic fluid of ZM10. Simultaneously, Cd-induced expression levels of genes related to Cd uptake in roots were significantly higher in AK58 by contrast with ZM10, contributing to the symplastic Cd accumulation in AK58 root. Moreover, the addition of metabolic inhibitor CCCP noticeably decreased the Cd accumulation in root of both genotypes. Intriguingly, compared to ZM10, greater amounts of Cd were sequestrated in the cell walls and vacuoles in roots of AK58, limiting the translocation of Cd from root to shoot. Furthermore, the elevated TaHMA2 expression in ZM10 indicates that ZM10 had a higher capacity of xylem loading Cd than AK58. All of these results herein suggest that the radial transport is significant for Cd accumulation in roots, but it cannot explain the difference in root-to-shoot translocation of Cd in wheat genotypes with contrast Cd accumulation in grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuankun Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Min Lu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qi Tao
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jipeng Luo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jinxing Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xinyu Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yongchao Liang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaoe Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Tingqiang Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Environment and Resources Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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31
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Cheng H, Liu Y, Jiang ZY, Wang YS. Radial oxygen loss is correlated with nitrogen nutrition in mangroves. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 40:1548-1560. [PMID: 32705132 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the possible functions of radial oxygen loss (ROL) on mangrove nutrition. A field survey was conducted to explore the relations among ROL, root anatomy and leaf N in different mangrove species along a continuous tidal gradient. Three mangroves with different ROL (Avicennia marina [A. marina], Kandelia obovata and Rhizophora stylosa) were then selected to further explore the dynamics of N at the root-soil interface. The results showed that seaward pioneer mangrove species such as A. marina appeared to exhibit higher leaf N despite growing under poorer nutrient conditions. Greater leaf N in pioneer mangroves coincided with their special root structure (e.g., high porosity together with a thin lignified/suberized exodermis) and powerful ROL. An interesting positive relation was observed between ROL and leaf N in mangroves. Moreover, rhizo-box data further showed that soil nitrification was also strongly correlated with ROL. A. marina, which had the highest ROL among the three mangrove species studied, consistently possessed the highest levels of NO3-, nitrification and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea gene copies in the rhizosphere. Besides, both NO3- and NH4+ influxes were found to be higher in the roots of A. marina when compared to those of K. obovata and R. stylosa. In summary, greater N acquisition by pioneer mangroves such as A. marina was strongly correlated with ROL which would regulate N transformation and translocation at the root-soil interface. The implications of this study may be significant in mangrove nutrition and the mechanisms involved in mangrove zonation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography and Daya Bay Marina Biology Research Station, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164th Xingang West Road, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Mariculture Ecology and Products Quality and Safety, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 231th Xingang West Road, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Zhao-Yu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography and Daya Bay Marina Biology Research Station, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164th Xingang West Road, Guangzhou 510301, China
- College of Life Sciences, Linyi University, middle-region of Shuangling Road, Linyi 276000, China
| | - You-Shao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography and Daya Bay Marina Biology Research Station, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164th Xingang West Road, Guangzhou 510301, China
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32
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Kitin P, Nakaba S, Hunt CG, Lim S, Funada R. Direct fluorescence imaging of lignocellulosic and suberized cell walls in roots and stems. AOB PLANTS 2020; 12:plaa032. [PMID: 32793329 PMCID: PMC7415075 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plaa032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Investigating plant structure is fundamental in botanical science and provides crucial knowledge for the theories of plant evolution, ecophysiology and for the biotechnological practices. Modern plant anatomy often targets the formation, localization and characterization of cellulosic, lignified or suberized cell walls. While classical methods developed in the 1960s are still popular, recent innovations in tissue preparation, fluorescence staining and microscopy equipment offer advantages to the traditional practices for investigation of the complex lignocellulosic walls. Our goal is to enhance the productivity and quality of microscopy work by focusing on quick and cost-effective preparation of thick sections or plant specimen surfaces and efficient use of direct fluorescent stains. We discuss popular histochemical microscopy techniques for visualization of cell walls, such as autofluorescence or staining with calcofluor, Congo red (CR), fluorol yellow (FY) and safranin, and provide detailed descriptions of our own approaches and protocols. Autofluorescence of lignin in combination with CR and FY staining can clearly differentiate between lignified, suberized and unlignified cell walls in root and stem tissues. Glycerol can serve as an effective clearing medium as well as the carrier of FY for staining of suberin and lipids allowing for observation of thick histological preparations. Three-dimensional (3D) imaging of all cell types together with chemical information by wide-field fluorescence or confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kitin
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakaba
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-Tokyo, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Sierin Lim
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ryo Funada
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-Tokyo, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-Tokyo, Japan
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Cheng H, Inyang A, Li CD, Fei J, Zhou YW, Wang YS. Salt tolerance and exclusion in the mangrove plant Avicennia marina in relation to root apoplastic barriers. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2020; 29:676-683. [PMID: 32291617 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02203-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Salt tolerance and the possible functions of suberization on salt exclusion and secretion were examined in a dominant mangrove plant, Avicennia marina. The results showed that low salinities (10‰ and 20‰) almost has no negative effect on A. marina, however significant growth inhibitions were observed in the seedlings grown in higher salinities (30‰ and 40‰). With the increases of salinity, increased tissue Na+ content and enhanced salt secretion by glands were observed. Obvious suberization thickening were detected both in the exodermis and endodermis of the roots after salt pretreatment when compared to the roots without salt treatment. More importantly, the present data further confirmed that these root apoplastic barriers would directly decrease Na+ loading into xylem. Higher salt tolerance was observed in the seedlings pre-cultivated by salty tide when compared to fresh water cultivated A. marina. In summary, this study suggests a barrier property of suberization in dealing with salt exclusion in mangroves, a moderate salt pre-treatment may benefit plant withstanding high salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
- Daya Bay Marine Biology Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518121, China
| | - Anifiok Inyang
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
- Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Chang-Da Li
- Marine and fisheries Development Research Center, Dongtou District, Wenzhou, 325009, China
| | - Jiao Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
- Daya Bay Marine Biology Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518121, China
| | - Yan-Wu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - You-Shao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China.
- Daya Bay Marine Biology Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518121, China.
- Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China.
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34
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Cheng H, Wang YS, Li CD, Ye ZH, Muhammad S, Wu ML, Sun FL. Mixture of Pb, Zn and Cu on root permeability and radial oxygen loss in the mangrove Bruguiera gymnorrhiza. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2020; 29:691-697. [PMID: 32472470 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02234-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A short term pot trail was employed to evaluate the exposure of mixed heavy metals (Cu, Pb and Zn) on growth, radial oxygen loss (ROL) and root anatomy in Bruguiera gymnorrhiza. The possible function of BgC4H, a cytochrome P450 gene, on root lignification was also discussed. The exposures of mixed Cu, Pb and Zn directly reduce O2 leakage at root surface. The reduced ROL inhibited by heavy metals was mainly ascribed by the changes in root anatomical features, such as decreased root porosity together with increased lignification within the exodermis. BgC4H was found to be up-regulated after 0.5-day metal exposure, and remained higher transcript levels within 3-day metal exposure when compared to control roots. Besides, the inhibited photosynthesis may also result in less oxygen can be transported to the underground roots. In summary, the mangrove B. gymnorrhiza appeared to react to external mixed metal contaminants by developing a lignified and impermeable exodermis, and such a root barrier induced by mixed Cu, Pb and Zn appeared to be an adaptive response to block metal ions enters into the roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
- Daya Bay Marine Biology Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518121, China
- Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - You-Shao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China.
- Daya Bay Marine Biology Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518121, China.
- Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China.
| | - Chang-Da Li
- Marine and fisheries Development Research Center, Dongtou District, Wenzhou, 325009, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Bio-control, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shafi Muhammad
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Mei-Lin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
- Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Fun-Lin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
- Daya Bay Marine Biology Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518121, China
- Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
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35
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Liu Y, Tao Q, Guo X, Luo J, Li J, Liang Y, Li T. Low calcium-induced delay in development of root apoplastic barriers enhances Cd uptake and accumulation in Sedum alfredii. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 723:137810. [PMID: 32213402 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mineral nutrients play an important role in heavy metal uptake and accumulation in plant. However, the effects of calcium (Ca) supply level on apoplastic transport in roots and consequences for uptake of cadmium (Cd) in hyperaccumulators are poorly understood. Here, we investigated how Ca regulated the development of apoplastic barriers in the roots of two ecotypes of Sedum alfredii and assessed its effects on Cd uptake. Results of correlation analysis indicated that Ca content was positively correlated with the development of Casparian strips (CSs) and suberin lamellae (SL) in the absence or presence of Cd. Simultaneously, low Ca supply was proven to delay the formation of endodermis CSs and suberin accumulation by decreasing the relative expressions of genes associated with CSs localization and lignin/suberin synthesis. Moreover, Cd in apoplastic fluid and cell walls (regarding the apoplastic transport) and symplastic fractions were elevated by low Ca supply. Contrary to high Ca supply, the expression levels of genes related to Cd influx and xylem loading were increased upon low Ca addition in roots of both ecotypes. All the results above suggested that low Ca supply promotes root Cd uptake via apoplastic pathway by delaying apoplastic barriers development and also regulating Cd transport to the xylem in S. alfredii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuankun Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qi Tao
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xinyu Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jipeng Luo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jinxing Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yongchao Liang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tingqiang Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Environment and Resources Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Wang Y, Lee J, Werber JR, Elimelech M. Capillary-driven desalination in a synthetic mangrove. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaax5253. [PMID: 32128394 PMCID: PMC7034996 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax5253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
According to the cohesion-tension theory, mangrove trees desalinate salty water using highly negative pressure (or tension) that is generated by evaporative capillary forces in mangrove leaves. Here, we demonstrate a synthetic mangrove that mimics the main features of the natural mangrove: capillary pumping (leaves), stable water conduction in highly metastable states (stem), and membrane desalination (root). When using nanoporous membranes as leaves, the maximum osmotic pressures of saline feeds (10 to 30 bar) allowing pure water uptake precisely correspond to expected capillary pressures based on the Young-Laplace equation. Hydrogel-based leaves allow for stable operation and desalination of hypersaline solutions with osmotic pressures approaching 400 bar, fivefold greater than the pressure limits of conventional reverse osmosis. Our findings support the applicability of the cohesion-tension theory to desalination in mangroves, provide a new platform to study plant hydraulics, and create possibilities for engineered membrane separations using large, passively generated capillary pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunkun Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8286, USA
| | - Jongho Lee
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8286, USA
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jay R. Werber
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8286, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0431, USA
| | - Menachem Elimelech
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8286, USA
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Rajappa S, Krishnamurthy P, Kumar PP. Regulation of AtKUP2 Expression by bHLH and WRKY Transcription Factors Helps to Confer Increased Salt Tolerance to Arabidopsis thaliana Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1311. [PMID: 32983201 PMCID: PMC7477289 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Potassium transporters play an essential role in maintaining cellular ion homeostasis, turgor pressure, and pH, which are critical for adaptation under salt stress. We identified a salt responsive Avicennia officinalis KUP/HAK/KT transporter family gene, AoKUP2, which has high sequence similarity to its Arabidopsis ortholog AtKUP2. These genes were functionally characterized in mutant yeast cells and Arabidopsis plants. Both AoKUP2 and AtKUP2 were induced by salt stress, and AtKUP2 was primarily induced in roots. Subcellular localization revealed that AoKUP2 and AtKUP2 are localized to the plasma membrane and mitochondria. Expression of AtKUP2 and AoKUP2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant strain (BY4741 trk1Δ::loxP trk2Δ::loxP) helped to rescue the growth defect of the mutant under different NaCl and K+ concentrations. Furthermore, constitutive expression of AoKUP2 and AtKUP2 conferred enhanced salt tolerance in Arabidopsis indicated by higher germination rate, better survival, and increased root and shoot length compared to the untreated controls. Analysis of Na+ and K+ contents in the shoots and roots showed that ectopic expression lines accumulated less Na+ and more K+ than the WT. Two stress-responsive transcription factors, bHLH122 and WRKY33, were identified as direct regulators of AtKUP2 expression. Our results suggest that AtKUP2 plays a key role in enhancing salt stress tolerance by maintaining cellular ion homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivamathini Rajappa
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pannaga Krishnamurthy
- NUS Environmental Research Institute (NERI), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Prakash P. Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Environmental Research Institute (NERI), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- *Correspondence: Prakash P. Kumar,
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38
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Effects of Salt on Root Aeration, Nitrification, and Nitrogen Uptake in Mangroves. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10121131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The potential effects of salt on the growth, root anatomy, radial oxygen loss (ROL), and nitrogen (N) dynamics in mangroves were investigated using the seedlings of Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh. The results showed that a moderate salinity (200 mM NaCl) appeared to have little negative effect on the growth of A. marina. However, higher salt stresses (400 and 600 mM NaCl) significantly inhibited the biomass yield. Concentrations of N in the roots and leaves decreased sharply with increasing salinity. Nevertheless, the presence of salt directly altered root anatomy (e.g., reduced root porosity and promoted suberization within the exodermis and endodermis), leading to a significant reduction in ROL. The results further showed that reduced ROL induced by salt could restrain soil nitrification, resulting in less ammonia-oxidizing archaea and bacteria (AOA and AOB) gene copies and lower concentrations of NO3− in the soils. While increased root suberization induced by salt inhibited NH4+ and NO3− uptake and influx into the roots. In summary, this study indicated that inhibited root aeration may be a defense response to salt, however these root symptoms were not advantageous for rhizosphere nitrification and N uptake by A. marina.
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39
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Krishnamurthy P, Vishal B, Khoo K, Rajappa S, Loh CS, Kumar PP. Expression of AoNHX1 increases salt tolerance of rice and Arabidopsis, and bHLH transcription factors regulate AtNHX1 and AtNHX6 in Arabidopsis. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2019; 38:1299-1315. [PMID: 31350571 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-019-02450-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Expression of AoNHX1 from the mangrove Avicennia increases salt tolerance of rice and Arabidopsis, and specific bHLH transcription factors regulate AtNHX1 and AtNHX6 in Arabidopsis to mediate the salinity response. Improving crop plants to better tolerate soil salinity is a challenging task. Mangrove trees such as Avicennia officinalis have special adaptations to thrive in high salt conditions, which include subcellular compartmentalization of ions facilitated by specialized ion transporters. We identified and characterized two genes encoding Na+/H+ exchangers AoNHX1 and AoNHX6 from Avicennia. AoNHX1 was present in the tonoplast, while, AoNHX6 was localized to the ER and Golgi. Both NHXs were induced by NaCl treatment, with AoNHX1 showing high expression levels in the leaves and AoNHX6 in the seedling roots. Yeast deletion mutants (ena1-5Δ nha1Δ nhx1Δ and ena1-5Δ nha1Δ vnx1Δ) complemented with AoNHX1 and AoNHX6 showed increased tolerance to both NaCl and KCl. Expression of AoNHX1 and AoNHX6 in the corresponding Arabidopsis mutants conferred enhanced NaCl tolerance. The underlying molecular regulatory mechanism was investigated using AtNHX1 and AtNHX6 in Arabidopsis. We identified two basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors AtMYC2 and AtbHLH122 as the ABA-mediated upstream regulators of AtNHX1 and AtNHX6 by chromatin immunoprecipitation. Furthermore, expression of AtNHX1 and AtNHX6 transcripts was reduced in the atmyc2 and atbhlh122 mutants. Lastly, transgenic rice seedlings harboring pUBI::AoNHX1 showed enhanced salt tolerance, suggesting that this gene can be exploited for developing salt-tolerant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pannaga Krishnamurthy
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
- NUS Environmental Research Institute (NERI), National University of Singapore, #02-01, T-Lab Building, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - Bhushan Vishal
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Kaijie Khoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Sivamathini Rajappa
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Chiang-Shiong Loh
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
- NUS Environmental Research Institute (NERI), National University of Singapore, #02-01, T-Lab Building, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - Prakash P Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
- NUS Environmental Research Institute (NERI), National University of Singapore, #02-01, T-Lab Building, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411, Singapore.
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Godfrey JM, Ferguson L, Sanden BL, Tixier A, Sperling O, Grattan SR, Zwieniecki MA. Sodium interception by xylem parenchyma and chloride recirculation in phloem may augment exclusion in the salt tolerant Pistacia genus: context for salinity studies on tree crops. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 39:1484-1498. [PMID: 31095335 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpz054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Working in tandem with root exclusion, stems may provide salt-tolerant woody perennials with some additional capacity to restrict sodium (Na) and chloride (Cl) accumulation in leaves. The Pistacia genus, falling at the nexus of salt tolerance and human intervention, provided an ideal set of organisms for studying the influences of both variable root exclusion and potentially variable discontinuities at the bud union on stem processes. In three experiments covering a wide range of salt concentrations (0 to 150 mM NaCl) and tree ages (1, 2 and 10 years) as well as nine rootstock-scion combinations we show that proportional exclusion of both Na and Cl reached up to ~85% efficacy, but efficacy varied by both rootstock and budding treatment. Effective Na exclusion was augmented by significant retrieval of Na from the xylem sap, as evidenced by declines in the Na concentrations of both sap and wood tissue along the transpiration stream. However, while we observed little to no differences between the concentrations of the two ions in leaves, analogous declines in sap concentrations of Cl were not observed. We conclude that some parallel but separate mechanism must be acting on Cl to provide leaf protection from toxicity specific to this ion and suggest that this mechanism is recirculation of Cl in the phloem. The presented findings underline the importance of holistic assessments of salt tolerance in woody perennials. In particular, greater emphasis might be placed on the dynamics of salt sequestration in the significant storage volumes offered by the stems of woody perennials and on the potential for phloem discontinuity introduced with a bud/graft union.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie M Godfrey
- Plant Sciences Department, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Louise Ferguson
- Plant Sciences Department, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Blake L Sanden
- Kern County Cooperative Extension, University of California, 1031 South Mount Vernon Avenue, Bakersfield, CA 93307, USA
| | - Aude Tixier
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR1347 Agroécologie, Aubiere, France
| | - Or Sperling
- Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Gilat Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Steve R Grattan
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Maciej A Zwieniecki
- Plant Sciences Department, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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41
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Tao Q, Jupa R, Liu Y, Luo J, Li J, Kováč J, Li B, Li Q, Wu K, Liang Y, Lux A, Wang C, Li T. Abscisic acid-mediated modifications of radial apoplastic transport pathway play a key role in cadmium uptake in hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:1425-1440. [PMID: 30577078 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a key phytohormone underlying plant resistance to toxic metals. However, regulatory effects of ABA on apoplastic transport in roots and consequences for uptake of metal ions are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate how ABA regulates development of apoplastic barriers in roots of two ecotypes of Sedum alfredii and assess effects on cadmium (Cd) uptake. Under Cd treatment, increased endogenous ABA level was detected in roots of nonhyperaccumulating ecotype (NHE) due to up-regulated expressions of ABA biosynthesis genes (SaABA2, SaNCED), but no change was observed in hyperaccumulating ecotype (HE). Simultaneously, endodermal Casparian strips (CSs) and suberin lamellae (SL) were deposited closer to root tips of NHE compared with HE. Interestingly, the vessel-to-CSs overlap was identified as an ABA-driven anatomical trait. Results of correlation analyses and exogenous applications of ABA/Abamine indicate that ABA regulates development of both types of apoplastic barriers through promoting activities of phenylalanine ammonialyase, peroxidase, and expressions of suberin-related genes (SaCYP86A1, SaGPAT5, and SaKCS20). Using scanning ion-selected electrode technique and PTS tracer confirmed that ABA-promoted deposition of CSs and SL significantly reduced Cd entrance into root stele. Therefore, maintenance of low ABA levels in HE minimized deposition of apoplastic barriers and allowed maximization of Cd uptake via apoplastic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Tao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Radek Jupa
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Yuankun Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jipeng Luo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jinxing Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ján Kováč
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Bing Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Qiquan Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Keren Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yongchao Liang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Alexander Lux
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Changquan Wang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Tingqiang Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Wood AR, Garg R, Justus K, Cohen-Karni T, LeDuc P, Russell AJ. Intact mangrove root electrodes for desalination. RSC Adv 2019; 9:4735-4743. [PMID: 35514616 PMCID: PMC9060697 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09899a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Through the benefit of billions of years of evolution, biology has developed tremendous strategies on how to co-exist in high salinity and water scarce environments. Biologically-inspired abiotic systems are becoming a central pillar in how we respond to critical grand challenges that accompany exponential population growth, uncontrolled climate change and the harsh reality that 96.5% of the water on the planet is saltwater. One fascinating biologic adaptation to saltwater is the growth of mangrove trees in brackish swamps and along the coasts. Through a process of salt exclusion, the mangrove maintains a near freshwater flow from roots to leaves to survive. One abiotic approach to water desalination is capacitive deionization, which aims to desalinate low-salinity water sources at energy costs below current technologies, such as reverse osmosis and thermal distillation. In this work, we use one-step carbonization of a plant with developed aerenchyma tissue to enable highly-permeable, freestanding flow-through capacitive deionization electrodes. We show that carbonized aerenchyma from red mangrove roots reduces the resistance to water flow through electrodes by 65-fold relative to carbonized common woody biomass. We then demonstrate the practical use of the intact carbonized red mangrove roots as electrodes in a flow-through capacitive deionization system. These findings have implications in a range of fields including water desalination, bioinspired materials, and plant functionality. Biological adaptation in mangrove root enables freestanding carbonized architecture to be used as a highly permeable flow-through capacitive deionization electrode.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Wood
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 USA
| | - Raghav Garg
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 USA
| | - Kyle Justus
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 USA
| | - Tzahi Cohen-Karni
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 USA
| | - Philip LeDuc
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 USA .,Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 USA.,Departments Computational Biology, Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 USA
| | - Alan J Russell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 USA .,Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 USA.,Departments of Chemical Engineering & Engineering and Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 USA.,Institute for Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China
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43
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Vishal B, Krishnamurthy P, Ramamoorthy R, Kumar PP. OsTPS8 controls yield-related traits and confers salt stress tolerance in rice by enhancing suberin deposition. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 221:1369-1386. [PMID: 30289560 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Class I TREHALOSE-PHOSPHATE-SYNTHASE (TPS) genes affect salinity tolerance and plant development. However, the function of class IITPS genes and their underlying mechanisms of action are unknown. We report the identification and functional analysis of a rice class IITPS gene (OsTPS8). The ostps8 mutant was characterised by GC-MS analysis, an abscisic acid (ABA) sensitivity test and by generating transgenic lines. To identify the underlying mechanism, gene expression analyses, genetic complementation and examination of suberin deposition in the roots were conducted. The ostps8 mutant showed salt sensitivity, ABA sensitivity and altered agronomic traits compared to the wild-type (WT), which could be rescued upon complementation. The dsRNAi line phenocopied the mutant, while the overexpression lines exhibited enhanced salt tolerance. The ostps8 mutant showed significantly reduced soluble sugars, Casparian bands and suberin deposition in the roots compared to the WT and overexpression lines. The mutant also showed downregulation of SAPKs (rice SnRK2s) and ABA-responsive genes. Furthermore, ostps8pUBI::SAPK9 rescued the salt-sensitive phenotype of ostps8. Our results suggest that OsTPS8 may regulate suberin deposition in rice through ABA signalling. Additionally, SAPK9-mediated regulation of altered ABA-responsive genes helps to confer salinity tolerance. Overexpression of OsTPS8 was adequate to confer enhanced salinity tolerance without any yield penalty, suggesting its usefulness in rice genetic improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhushan Vishal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, 117543, Singapore
| | - Pannaga Krishnamurthy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, 117543, Singapore
| | - Rengasamy Ramamoorthy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, 117543, Singapore
| | - Prakash P Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, 117543, Singapore
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44
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Yuan F, Guo J, Shabala S, Wang B. Reproductive Physiology of Halophytes: Current Standing. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 9:1954. [PMID: 30687356 PMCID: PMC6334627 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Background: Halophytes possess efficient salt-tolerance mechanisms and can complete their life cycles in naturally saline soils with NaCl contents exceeding 200 mM. While a significant progress have been made in recent decades elucidating underlying salt-tolerance mechanisms, these studies have been mostly confined to the vegetative growth stage. At the same time, the capacity to generate high-quality seeds and to survive early developmental stages under saline conditions, are both critically important for plants. Halophytes perform well in both regards, whereas non-halophytes cannot normally complete their life cycles under saline conditions. Scope: Research into the effects of salinity on plant reproductive biology has gained momentum in recent years. However, it remains unclear whether the reproductive biology of halophytes differs from that of non-halophytes, and whether their reproductive processes benefit, like their vegetative growth, from the presence of salt in the rhizosphere. Here, we summarize current knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the superior reproductive biology of halophytes, focusing on critical aspects including control of flowering time, changes in plant hormonal status and their impact on anther and pollen development and viability, plant carbohydrate status and seed formation, mechanisms behind the early germination of halophyte seeds, and the role of seed polymorphism. Conclusion: Salt has beneficial effects on halophyte reproductive growth that include late flowering, increased flower numbers and pollen vitality, and high seed yield. This improved performance is due to optimal nutrition during vegetative growth, alterations in plant hormonal status, and regulation of flowering genes. In addition, the seeds of halophytes harvested under saline conditions show higher salt tolerance than those obtained under non-saline condition, largely due to increased osmolyte accumulation, more optimal hormonal composition (e.g., high gibberellic acid and low abcisic acid content) and, in some species, seed dimorphism. In the near future, identifying key genes involved in halophyte reproductive physiology and using them to transform crops could be a promising approach to developing saline agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yuan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianrong Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, China
- College of Sciences and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Baoshan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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45
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Yuan F, Xu Y, Leng B, Wang B. Beneficial Effects of Salt on Halophyte Growth: Morphology, Cells, and Genes. Open Life Sci 2019; 14:191-200. [PMID: 33817151 PMCID: PMC7874760 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2019-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Halophytes can survive and complete their life cycle in the presence of ≥200 mM NaCl. These remarkable plants have developed various strategies to tolerate salinity and thrive in high-salt environments. At the appropriate levels, salt has a beneficial effect on the vegetative growth of halophytes but inhibits the growth of non-halophytes. In recent years, many studies have focused on elucidating the salt-tolerance mechanisms of halophytes at the molecular, physiological, and individual level. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms, from the macroscopic to the molecular, underlying the successful growth of halophytes in saline environments to explain why salt has beneficial effects on halophytes but harmful effects on non-halophytes. These mechanisms include the specialized organs of halophytes (for example, ion compartmentalization in succulent leaves), their unique structures (salt glands and hydrophobic barriers in roots), and their salt-tolerance genes. We hope to shed light on the use of halophytes for engineering salt-tolerant crops, soil conservation, and the protection of freshwater resources in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yuan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, Shandong, 250014, P.R. China
| | - Yanyu Xu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, Shandong, 250014, P.R. China
| | - Bingying Leng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, Shandong, 250014, P.R. China
| | - Baoshan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, Shandong, 250014, P.R. China
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46
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Chen M, Yang Z, Liu J, Zhu T, Wei X, Fan H, Wang B. Adaptation Mechanism of Salt Excluders under Saline Conditions and Its Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3668. [PMID: 30463331 PMCID: PMC6274768 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Global soil salinization is increasingly a serious threat to agriculture worldwide. Therefore, it is imperative to improve crop salt tolerance as a means of adaptation to saline habitats. Some halophytes and most monocotyledonous crops are salt-excluders. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms of salt exclusion at the molecular level in salt-exclusion plants is critical for improving the salt tolerance of monocotyledonous crops such as maize, wheat, rice, and sorghum. In this review, we summarize recent research into salt-exclusion mechanisms and the genes that underlie them. Findings related to salt exclusion may accelerate the process of breeding tolerant cultivars by using genomic and molecular tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China.
| | - Zhen Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering, School of Biologic Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250300, Shandong, China.
| | - Jing Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China.
| | - Tingting Zhu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China.
| | - Xiaocen Wei
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China.
| | - Hai Fan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China.
| | - Baoshan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China.
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47
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Shen ZJ, Chen J, Ghoto K, Hu WJ, Gao GF, Luo MR, Li Z, Simon M, Zhu XY, Zheng HL. Proteomic analysis on mangrove plant Avicennia marina leaves reveals nitric oxide enhances the salt tolerance by up-regulating photosynthetic and energy metabolic protein expression. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 38:1605-1622. [PMID: 29917117 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpy058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-jun Shen
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Juan Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Department on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Kabir Ghoto
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Wen-jun Hu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Gui-feng Gao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Mei-rong Luo
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Zan Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Martin Simon
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Xue-yi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Hai-lei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
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Bazihizina N, Veneklaas EJ, Barrett-Lennard EG, Colmer TD. Hydraulic redistribution: limitations for plants in saline soils. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:2437-2446. [PMID: 28707352 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydraulic redistribution (HR), the movement of water from wet to dry patches in the soil via roots, occurs in different ecosystems and plant species. By extension of the principle that HR is driven by gradients in soil water potential, HR has been proposed to occur for plants in saline soils. Despite the inherent spatial patchiness and salinity gradients in these soils, the lack of direct evidence of HR in response to osmotic gradients prompted us to ask the question: are there physical or physiological constraints to HR for plants in saline environments? We propose that build-up of ions in the root xylem sap and in the leaf apoplast, with the latter resulting in a large predawn disequilibrium of water potential in shoots compared with roots and soil, would both impede HR. We present a conceptual model that illustrates how processes in root systems in heterogeneous salinity with water potential gradients, even if equal to those in non-saline soils, will experience a dampened magnitude of water potential gradients in the soil-plant continuum, minimizing or preventing HR. Finally, we provide an outlook for understanding the relevance of HR for plants in saline environments by addressing key research questions on plant salinity tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Bazihizina
- Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale delle Idee 30, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Erik J Veneklaas
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Edward G Barrett-Lennard
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia, 3 Baron-Hay Court, South, Perth, Western Australia, 6151, Australia
- School of Veterinary and Life Science, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150, Australia
| | - Timothy D Colmer
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
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Doblas VG, Geldner N, Barberon M. The endodermis, a tightly controlled barrier for nutrients. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 39:136-143. [PMID: 28750257 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plant roots acquire nutrients from the soil and transport them upwards to the aerial parts. To reach the central vasculature of the root, water and nutrients radially cross all external cell layers. The endodermis surrounds the vascular tissues and forms diffusion barriers. It thereby compartmentalizes the root and allows control of nutrient transport from the soil to the vasculature, as well as preventing backflow of nutrients from the stele. To achieve this role, endodermal cells undergo two specialized differentiations states consisting of deposition of two impermeable polymers in the cell wall: lignin, forming the Casparian strips, and suberin lamellae. Recent publications showed that endodermal barrier formation is not a hard-wired, irreversible process. Synthesis and degradation of suberin lamellae is highly regulated by plant hormones in response to nutrient stresses. Moreover, Casparian strip continuity seems to be constantly checked by two small peptides produced in the vasculature that diffuse into the apoplastic space in order to test endodermal barrier integrity. This review discusses the recent understanding of endodermal barrier surveillance and plasticity and its role in plant nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica G Doblas
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Niko Geldner
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marie Barberon
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Transcriptomics analysis of salt stress tolerance in the roots of the mangrove Avicennia officinalis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10031. [PMID: 28855698 PMCID: PMC5577154 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10730-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Salinity affects growth and development of plants, but mangroves exhibit exceptional salt tolerance. With direct exposure to salinity, mangrove roots possess specific adaptations to tolerate salt stress. Therefore, studying the early effects of salt on mangrove roots can help us better understand the tolerance mechanisms. Using two-month-old greenhouse-grown seedlings of the mangrove tree Avicennia officinalis subjected to NaCl treatment, we profiled gene expression changes in the roots by RNA-sequencing. Of the 6547 genes that were differentially regulated in response to salt treatment, 1404 and 5213 genes were significantly up- and down-regulated, respectively. By comparative genomics, 93 key salt tolerance-related genes were identified of which 47 were up-regulated. Upon placing all the differentially expressed genes (DEG) in known signaling pathways, it was evident that most of the DEGs involved in ethylene and auxin signaling were up-regulated while those involved in ABA signaling were down-regulated. These results imply that ABA-independent signaling pathways also play a major role in salt tolerance of A. officinalis. Further, ethylene response factors (ERFs) were abundantly expressed upon salt treatment and the Arabidopsis mutant aterf115, a homolog of AoERF114 is characterized. Overall, our results would help in understanding the possible molecular mechanism underlying salt tolerance in plants.
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