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Bellucci M, Mostofa MG, Weraduwage SM, Xu Y, Abdelrahman M, De Gara L, Loreto F, Sharkey TD. The effect of constitutive root isoprene emission on root phenotype and physiology under control and salt stress conditions. PLANT DIRECT 2024; 8:e617. [PMID: 38973810 PMCID: PMC11227114 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Isoprene, a volatile hydrocarbon, is typically emitted from the leaves of many plant species. Given its well-known function in plant growth and defense aboveground, we examined its effects on root physiology. We used isoprene-emitting (IE) lines and a non-emitting (NE) line of Arabidopsis and investigated their performance by analyzing root phenotype, hormone levels, transcriptome, and metabolite profiles under both normal and salt stress conditions. We show that IE lines emitted tiny amounts of isoprene from roots and showed an increased root/shoot ratio compared with NE line. Isoprene emission exerted a noteworthy influence on hormone profiles related to plant growth and stress response, promoting root development and salt-stress resistance. Methyl erythritol 4-phosphate pathway metabolites, precursors of isoprene and hormones, were higher in the roots of IE lines than in the NE line. Transcriptome data indicated that the presence of isoprene increased the expression of key genes involved in hormone metabolism/signaling. Our findings reveal that constitutive root isoprene emission sustains root growth under saline conditions by regulating and/or priming hormone biosynthesis and signaling mechanisms and expression of key genes relevant to salt stress defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Bellucci
- Department of Energy Plant Research LaboratoryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
- Department of Science and Technology for Humans and the EnvironmentUniversità Campus Bio‐Medico di RomaRomeItaly
- Plant Resilience InstituteMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Mohammad Golam Mostofa
- Department of Energy Plant Research LaboratoryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
- Plant Resilience InstituteMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | | | - Yuan Xu
- Department of Energy Plant Research LaboratoryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Mostafa Abdelrahman
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress ToleranceTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTexasUSA
| | - Laura De Gara
- Department of Science and Technology for Humans and the EnvironmentUniversità Campus Bio‐Medico di RomaRomeItaly
| | - Francesco Loreto
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
- Institute for Sustainable Plant ProtectionThe National Research Council of Italy (CNR‐IPSP)Sesto Fiorentino (Florence)Italy
| | - Thomas D. Sharkey
- Department of Energy Plant Research LaboratoryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
- Plant Resilience InstituteMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
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2
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Esteban R, Pollastri S, Brilli F, García-Plazaola JI, Odriozola I, Michelozzi M, Loreto F. Dehydration and rehydration differently affect photosynthesis and volatile monoterpenes in bryophytes with contrasting ecological traits. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14395. [PMID: 38922932 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Bryophytes desiccate rapidly when relative humidity decreases. The capacity to withstand dehydration depends on several ecological and physiological factors. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) may have a role in enhancing tolerance to desiccating bryophytes. However, the functions of VOCs in bryophytes have received little attention so far. We aimed to investigate the impact of a dehydration-rehydration treatment on primary carbon metabolism and volatile terpenes (VTs) in three bryophytes with contrasting ecological traits: Vessicularia dubyana, Porella platyphylla and Pleurochaete squarrosa. First, we confirmed the desiccation sensitivity gradient of the species. Under fully hydrated conditions, the photosynthetic rate (A) was inversely associated with stress tolerance, with a lower rate in more tolerant species. The partial recovery of A in P. platyphylla and P. squarrosa after rehydration confirmed the desiccation tolerance of these two species. On the other hand, A did not recover after rehydration in V. dubyana. Regarding VT, each species exhibited a distinct VT profile under optimum hydration, with the highest VT pool found in the more desiccation-sensitive species (V. dubyana). However, the observed species-specific VT pattern could be associated with the ecological habitat of each species. P. squarrosa, a moss of dry habitats, may synthesize mainly non-volatile secondary metabolites as stress-defensive compounds. On the other hand, V. dubyana, commonly found submerged, may need to invest photosynthetically assimilated carbon to synthesize a higher amount of VTs to cope with transient water stress occurrence. Further research on the functions of VTs in bryophytes is needed to deepen our understanding of their ecological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Esteban
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/ EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Susanna Pollastri
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Federico Brilli
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Iñaki Odriozola
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/ EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Marco Michelozzi
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Loreto
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
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3
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Oku H, Iqbal A, Oogai S, Inafuku M, Mutanda I. Relationship between Cumulative Temperature and Light Intensity and G93 Parameters of Isoprene Emission for the Tropical Tree Ficus septica. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:243. [PMID: 38256797 PMCID: PMC10820733 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The most widely used isoprene emission algorithm, G93 formula, estimates instantaneous leaf-level isoprene emission using the basal emission factor and light and temperature dependency parameters. The G93 parameters have been suggested to show variation depending on past weather conditions, but no study has closely examined the relationship between past meteorological data and the algorithm parameters. Here, to examine the influence of the past weather on these parameters, we monitored weather conditions, G93 parameters, isoprene synthase transcripts and protein levels, and MEP pathway metabolites in the tropical tree Ficus septica for 12 days and analyzed their relationship with cumulative temperature and light intensity. Plants were illuminated with varying (ascending and descending) light regimes, and our previously developed Ping-Pong optimization method was used to parameterize G93. The cumulative temperature of the past 5 and 7 days positively correlated with CT2 and α, respectively, while the cumulative light intensity of the past 10 days showed the highest negative correlation with α. Concentrations of MEP pathway metabolites and IspS gene expression increased with increasing cumulative temperature. At best, the cumulative temperature of the past 2 days positively correlated with the MEP pathway metabolites and IspS gene expression, while these factors showed a biphasic positive and negative correlation with cumulative light intensity. Optimized G93 captured well the temperature and light dependency of isoprene emission at the beginning of the experiment; however, its performance significantly decreased for the latter stages of the experimental duration, especially for the descending phase. This was successfully improved through separate optimization of the ascending and descending phases, emphasizing the importance of the optimization of formula parameters and model improvement. These results have important implications for the improvement of isoprene emission algorithms, particularly under the predicted increase in future global temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirosuke Oku
- Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan; (H.O.); (S.O.)
| | - Asif Iqbal
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan;
| | - Shigeki Oogai
- Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan; (H.O.); (S.O.)
| | - Masashi Inafuku
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan;
| | - Ishmael Mutanda
- Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan; (H.O.); (S.O.)
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4
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Kawakami T, Miyazaki S, Kawaide H. Molecular characterization of a moss isoprene synthase provides insight into its evolution. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:2133-2142. [PMID: 37385722 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
This is the first report on the molecular characterization of isoprene synthase (ISPS) from the moss Calohypnum plumiforme. After isoprene emission from C. plumiforme was confirmed, the cDNA encoding C. plumiforme ISPS (CpISPS) was narrowed down using a genome database associated with protein structure prediction, and a CpISPS gene was identified. The recombinant CpISPS, produced in Escherichia coli, converted dimethylallyl diphosphate to isoprene. Phylogenetic analysis indicated similarity between the amino acid sequences of CpISPS and moss diterpene cyclases (DTCs) but not ISPSs of higher plants, implying that CpISPS is derived from moss DTCs and is evolutionarily unrelated to canonical ISPSs of higher plants. CpISPS is a novel class I cyclase of the terpene synthase-c subfamily harboring αβ domains. This study will help further study of isoprene biosynthesis and the physiological functions of isoprene in mosses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Kawakami
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Fuchu, Japan
| | - Sho Miyazaki
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Fuchu, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawaide
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Fuchu, Japan
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Chen X, Nowicki M, Wadl PA, Zhang C, Köllner TG, Payá‐Milans M, Huff ML, Staton ME, Chen F, Trigiano RN. Chemical profile and analysis of biosynthetic pathways and genes of volatile terpenes in Pityopsis ruthii, a rare and endangered flowering plant. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287524. [PMID: 37352235 PMCID: PMC10289357 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
It is critical to gather biological information about rare and endangered plants to incorporate into conservation efforts. The secondary metabolism of Pityopsis ruthii, an endangered flowering plant that only occurs along limited sections of two rivers (Ocoee and Hiwassee) in Tennessee, USA was studied. Our long-term goal is to understand the mechanisms behind P. ruthii's adaptation to restricted areas in Tennessee. Here, we profiled the secondary metabolites, specifically in flowers, with a focus on terpenes, aiming to uncover the genomic and molecular basis of terpene biosynthesis in P. ruthii flowers using transcriptomic and biochemical approaches. By comparative profiling of the nonpolar portion of metabolites from various tissues, P. ruthii flowers were rich in terpenes, which included 4 monoterpenes and 10 sesquiterpenes. These terpenes were emitted from flowers as volatiles with monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes accounting for almost 68% and 32% of total emission of terpenes, respectively. These findings suggested that floral terpenes play important roles for the biology and adaptation of P. ruthii to its limited range. To investigate the biosynthesis of floral terpenes, transcriptome data for flowers were produced and analyzed. Genes involved in the terpene biosynthetic pathway were identified and their relative expressions determined. Using this approach, 67 putative terpene synthase (TPS) contigs were detected. TPSs in general are critical for terpene biosynthesis. Seven full-length TPS genes encoding putative monoterpene and sesquiterpene synthases were cloned and functionally characterized. Three catalyzed the biosynthesis of sesquiterpenes and four catalyzed the biosynthesis of monoterpenes. In conclusion, P. ruthii plants employ multiple TPS genes for the biosynthesis of a mixture of floral monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, which probably play roles in chemical defense and attracting insect pollinators alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlu Chen
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | - Marcin Nowicki
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | - Phillip A. Wadl
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Vegetable Laboratory, Charleston, SC, United States of America
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | - Tobias G. Köllner
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Miriam Payá‐Milans
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | - Matthew L. Huff
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | - Margaret E. Staton
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | - Robert N. Trigiano
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
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Krause T, Wiesinger P, González-Cabanelas D, Lackus N, Köllner TG, Klüpfel T, Williams J, Rohwer J, Gershenzon J, Schmidt A. HDR, the last enzyme in the MEP pathway, differently regulates isoprenoid biosynthesis in two woody plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:767-788. [PMID: 36848194 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMADP) and isopentenyl diphosphate (IDP) serves as the universal C5 precursors of isoprenoid biosynthesis in plants. These compounds are formed by the last step of the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway, catalyzed by (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate reductase (HDR). In this study, we investigated the major HDR isoforms of two woody plant species, Norway spruce (Picea abies) and gray poplar (Populus × canescens), to determine how they regulate isoprenoid formation. Since each of these species has a distinct profile of isoprenoid compounds, they may require different proportions of DMADP and IDP with proportionally more IDP being needed to make larger isoprenoids. Norway spruce contained two major HDR isoforms differing in their occurrence and biochemical characteristics. PaHDR1 produced relatively more IDP than PaHDR2 and it encoding gene was expressed constitutively in leaves, likely serving to form substrate for production of carotenoids, chlorophylls, and other primary isoprenoids derived from a C20 precursor. On the other hand, Norway spruce PaHDR2 produced relatively more DMADP than PaHDR1 and its encoding gene was expressed in leaves, stems, and roots, both constitutively and after induction with the defense hormone methyl jasmonate. This second HDR enzyme likely forms a substrate for the specialized monoterpene (C10), sesquiterpene (C15), and diterpene (C20) metabolites of spruce oleoresin. Gray poplar contained only one dominant isoform (named PcHDR2) that produced relatively more DMADP and the gene of which was expressed in all organs. In leaves, where the requirement for IDP is high to make the major carotenoid and chlorophyll isoprenoids derived from C20 precursors, excess DMADP may accumulate, which could explain the high rate of isoprene (C5) emission. Our results provide new insights into the biosynthesis of isoprenoids in woody plants under conditions of differentially regulated biosynthesis of the precursors IDP and DMADP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni Krause
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Piera Wiesinger
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Diego González-Cabanelas
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Nathalie Lackus
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Tobias G Köllner
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Klüpfel
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, Germany
| | - Jonathan Williams
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, Germany
| | - Johann Rohwer
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602 Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Jonathan Gershenzon
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Axel Schmidt
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
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Dive A, Singhal R, Srivastava S, Shukre K, James D, Shetty S. Isolation and functional characterization of novel isoprene synthase from Artocarpus heterophyllus (jackfruit). 3 Biotech 2023; 13:24. [PMID: 36573156 PMCID: PMC9789294 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03441-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoprene, a Natural Volatile Organic Compound (NVOC) is one of the chief by-products of plant metabolism with important applications in the synthesis of rubber and pharmaceuticals as a platform molecule. Isoprene was obtained earlier from petroleum sources; however, to synthesise it new fermentation-based strategies are being adopted. Bioinformatics tools were utilised to isolate the Isoprene Synthase (IspS) gene which converts the precursors Isopentenyl Diphosphate (IPP) and Dimethylallyl Diphosphate (DMAPP) into isoprene. Metabolic engineering strategies were to synthesise an isoprene-producing recombinant clone derived from Artocarpus heterophyllus (jackfruit). The functional characterization was done using the overexpression of the isoprene synthase gene in an Escherichia coli BL21 host. The recombinant clone, ISPS_GBL_001 (submitted to GenBank, National Centre for Biotechnology Information or NCBI) was used for fermentation in the batch and fed-batch mode to produce isoprene. Isoprene productivity of 0.08 g/g dextrose was obtained via the fed-batch mode maintaining the process parameters at optimum. The quantification and confirmation of isoprene was done using gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of the extracted sample, respectively. This study makes significant contribution to the ongoing research on bio-isoprene synthesis by highlighting a novel plant source of the IspS gene followed by, its successful expression in a recombinant host, validated by fermentation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03441-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol Dive
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, India
- Godavari Biorefineries Ltd., Mahape, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Rekha Singhal
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Kedar Shukre
- Godavari Biorefineries Ltd., Mahape, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Deepak James
- Godavari Biorefineries Ltd., Mahape, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Sneha Shetty
- Godavari Biorefineries Ltd., Mahape, Navi Mumbai, India
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Gomes Alves E, Taylor T, Robin M, Pinheiro Oliveira D, Schietti J, Duvoisin Júnior S, Zannoni N, Williams J, Hartmann C, Gonçalves JFC, Schöngart J, Wittmann F, Piedade MTF. Seasonal shifts in isoprenoid emission composition from three hyperdominant tree species in central Amazonia. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2022; 24:721-733. [PMID: 35357064 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Volatile isoprenoids regulate plant performance and atmospheric processes, and Amazon forests comprise the dominant source to the global atmosphere. Still, there is a poor understanding of how isoprenoid emission capacities vary in response to ecophysiological and environmental controls in Amazonian ecosystems. We measured isoprenoid emission capacities of three Amazonian hyperdominant tree species - Protium hebetatum, Eschweilera grandiflora, Eschweilera coriacea - across seasons and along a topographic and edaphic environmental gradient in the central Amazon. From wet to dry season, both photosynthesis and isoprene emission capacities strongly declined, while emissions increased among the heavier isoprenoids: monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. Plasticity across habitats was most evident in P. hebetatum, which emitted sesquiterpenes only in the dry season, at rates that significantly increased along the hydro-topographic gradient from white sands (shallow root water access) to uplands (deep water table). We suggest that emission composition shifts are part of a plastic response to increasing abiotic stress (e.g. heat and drought) and reduced photosynthetic supply of substrates for isoprenoid synthesis. Our comprehensive measurements suggest that more emphasis should be placed on other isoprenoids, besides isoprene, in the context of abiotic stress responses. Shifting emission compositions have implications for atmospheric responses because of the strong variation in reactivity among isoprenoid compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gomes Alves
- Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- Climate and Environment Department, National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, Brazil
| | - T Taylor
- Biology Department, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - M Robin
- Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- Ecology Department, National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, Brazil
| | - D Pinheiro Oliveira
- Climate and Environment Department, National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, Brazil
| | - J Schietti
- Ecology Department, National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, Brazil
- Biology Department, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - N Zannoni
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - J Williams
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - C Hartmann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - J F C Gonçalves
- Coordination of Environmental Dynamics, National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, Brazil
| | - J Schöngart
- Coordination of Environmental Dynamics, National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, Brazil
| | - F Wittmann
- Department of Wetland Ecology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Rastatt, Germany
| | - M T F Piedade
- Coordination of Environmental Dynamics, National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, Brazil
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9
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Klaehn JR, Orme CJ, Ginosar DM. Separation of isoprene from biologically-derived gas streams. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2022.2050756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John R. Klaehn
- Biological and Chemical Processing and Engineering Department, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho, United States
| | - Christopher J. Orme
- Biological and Chemical Processing and Engineering Department, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho, United States
| | - Daniel M. Ginosar
- Biological and Chemical Processing and Engineering Department, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho, United States
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10
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Brennan DL, Kollar LM, Kiel S, Deakova T, Laguerre A, McDaniel SF, Eppley SM, Gall ET, Rosenstiel TN. Measuring volatile emissions from moss gametophytes: A review of methodologies and new applications. APPLICATIONS IN PLANT SCIENCES 2022; 10:e11468. [PMID: 35495197 PMCID: PMC9039793 DOI: 10.1002/aps3.11468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mosses inhabit nearly all terrestrial ecosystems and engage in important interactions with nitrogen-fixing microbes, sperm-dispersing arthropods, and other plants. It is hypothesized that these interactions could be mediated by biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs). Moss BVOCs may play fundamental roles in influencing local ecologies, such as biosphere-atmosphere-hydrosphere communications, physiological and evolutionary dynamics, plant-microbe interactions, and gametophyte stress physiology. Further progress in quantifying the composition, magnitude, and variability of moss BVOC emissions, and their response to environmental drivers and metabolic requirements, is limited by methodological and analytical challenges. We review several sampling techniques with various analytical approaches and describe best practices in generating moss gametophyte BVOC measures. We emphasize the importance of characterizing the composition and magnitude of moss BVOC emissions across a variety of species to better inform and stimulate important cross-disciplinary studies. We conclude by highlighting how current methods could be employed, as well as best practices for choosing methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danlyn L. Brennan
- Maseeh College of Engineering and Computer SciencePortland State UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Leslie M. Kollar
- Department of Plant BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Scott Kiel
- Center for Life in Extreme EnvironmentsPortland State UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Timea Deakova
- Center for Life in Extreme EnvironmentsPortland State UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Aurélie Laguerre
- Maseeh College of Engineering and Computer SciencePortland State UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
| | | | - Sarah M. Eppley
- Center for Life in Extreme EnvironmentsPortland State UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Elliott T. Gall
- Maseeh College of Engineering and Computer SciencePortland State UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Todd N. Rosenstiel
- Center for Life in Extreme EnvironmentsPortland State UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
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11
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Morfopoulos C, Müller J, Stavrakou T, Bauwens M, De Smedt I, Friedlingstein P, Prentice IC, Regnier P. Vegetation responses to climate extremes recorded by remotely sensed atmospheric formaldehyde. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:1809-1822. [PMID: 34510653 PMCID: PMC9290652 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Accurate monitoring of vegetation stress is required for better modelling and forecasting of primary production, in a world where heatwaves and droughts are expected to become increasingly prevalent. Variability in formaldehyde (HCHO) concentrations in the troposphere is dominated by local emissions of short-lived biogenic (BVOC) and pyrogenic volatile organic compounds. BVOCs are emitted by plants in a rapid protective response to abiotic stress, mediated by the energetic status of leaves (the excess of reducing power when photosynthetic light and dark reactions are decoupled, as occurs when stomata close in response to water stress). Emissions also increase exponentially with leaf temperature. New analytical methods for the detection of spatiotemporally contiguous extremes in remote-sensing data are applied here to satellite-derived atmospheric HCHO columns. BVOC emissions are shown to play a central role in the formation of the largest positive HCHO anomalies. Although vegetation stress can be captured by various remotely sensed quantities, spaceborne HCHO emerges as the most consistent recorder of vegetation responses to the largest climate extremes, especially in forested regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Morfopoulos
- Department of Life SciencesImperial College LondonSilwood ParkUK
- Department of Geoscience, Environment & Society‐BGEOSYSUniversité Libre de BruxellesBrusselsBelgium
| | | | | | - Maite Bauwens
- Royal Belgian Institute for Space AeronomyBrusselsBelgium
| | | | - Pierre Friedlingstein
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Iain Colin Prentice
- Department of Life SciencesImperial College LondonSilwood ParkUK
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System ModelingDepartment of Earth System ScienceTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
- Department of Biological SciencesMacquarie UniversityNorth RydeNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Pierre Regnier
- Department of Geoscience, Environment & Society‐BGEOSYSUniversité Libre de BruxellesBrusselsBelgium
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12
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Trowbridge AM, Moore DJP, Stoy PC. Preface: honoring the career of Russell K. Monson. Oecologia 2021; 197:817-822. [PMID: 34708288 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-05060-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Trowbridge
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA.
| | - David J P Moore
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Paul C Stoy
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
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13
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Li S, Yuan X, Xu Y, Li Z, Feng Z, Yue X, Paoletti E. Biogenic volatile organic compound emissions from leaves and fruits of apple and peach trees during fruit development. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 108:152-163. [PMID: 34465429 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) are widely involved in a variety of atmospheric chemical processes due to their high reactivity and species diversity. To date, however, research on BVOCs in agroecosystems, particularly fruit trees, remains scarce despite their large cultivation area and economic interest. BVOC emissions from different organs (leaf or fruit) of apple and peach trees were investigated throughout the stages of fruit development (FS, fruit swelling; FC, fruit coloration; FM, fruit maturity; and FP, fruit postharvest) using a proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometer. Results indicated that methanol was the most abundant compound emitted by the leaf (apple tree leaf 492.5 ± 47.9 ng/(g·hr), peach tree leaf 938.8 ± 154.5 ng/(g·hr)), followed by acetic acid and green leaf volatiles. Beside the above three compounds, acetaldehyde had an important contribution to the emissions from the fruit. Overall, the total BVOCs (sum of eight compounds studied in this paper) emitted by both leaf and fruit gradually decreased along the fruit development, although the effect was significant only for the leaf. The leaf (2020.8 ± 258.8 ng/(g·hr)) was a stronger BVOC emitter than the fruit (146.0 ± 45.7 ng/(g·hr)) (P = 0.006), and there were no significant differences in total BVOC emission rates between apple and peach trees. These findings contribute to our understanding on BVOC emissions from different plant organs and provide important insights into the variation of BVOC emissions across different fruit developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangjiang Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Xiangyang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zhengzhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Xu Yue
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Elena Paoletti
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Council of Research, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
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14
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Wedow JM, Ainsworth EA, Li S. Plant biochemistry influences tropospheric ozone formation, destruction, deposition, and response. Trends Biochem Sci 2021; 46:992-1002. [PMID: 34303585 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone (O3) is among the most damaging air pollutant to plants. Plants alter the atmospheric O3 concentration in two distinct ways: (i) by the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are precursors of O3; and (ii) by dry deposition, which includes diffusion of O3 into vegetation through stomata and destruction by nonstomatal pathways. Isoprene, monoterpenes, and higher terpenoids are emitted by plants in quantities that alter tropospheric O3. Deposition of O3 into vegetation is related to stomatal conductance, leaf structural traits, and the detoxification capacity of the apoplast. The biochemical fate of O3 once it enters leaves and reacts with aqueous surfaces is largely unknown, but new techniques for the tracking and identification of initial products have the potential to open the black box.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Wedow
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Ainsworth
- USDA ARS Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Shuai Li
- Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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15
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Zhan Z, Seager S, Petkowski JJ, Sousa-Silva C, Ranjan S, Huang J, Bains W. Assessment of Isoprene as a Possible Biosignature Gas in Exoplanets with Anoxic Atmospheres. ASTROBIOLOGY 2021; 21:765-792. [PMID: 33798392 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2019.2146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The search for possible biosignature gases in habitable exoplanet atmospheres is accelerating, although actual observations are likely years away. This work adds isoprene, C5H8, to the roster of biosignature gases. We found that isoprene geochemical formation is highly thermodynamically disfavored and has no known abiotic false positives. The isoprene production rate on Earth rivals that of methane (CH4; ∼500 Tg/year). Unlike methane, on Earth isoprene is rapidly destroyed by oxygen-containing radicals. Although isoprene is predominantly produced by deciduous trees, isoprene production is ubiquitous to a diverse array of evolutionary distant organisms, from bacteria to plants and animals-few, if any, volatile secondary metabolites have a larger evolutionary reach. Although non-photochemical sinks of isoprene may exist, such as degradation of isoprene by life or other high deposition rates, destruction of isoprene in an anoxic atmosphere is mainly driven by photochemistry. Motivated by the concept that isoprene might accumulate in anoxic environments, we model the photochemistry and spectroscopic detection of isoprene in habitable temperature, rocky exoplanet anoxic atmospheres with a variety of atmosphere compositions under different host star ultraviolet fluxes. Limited by an assumed 10 ppm instrument noise floor, habitable atmosphere characterization when using James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is only achievable with a transit signal similar or larger than that for a super-Earth-sized exoplanet transiting an M dwarf star with an H2-dominated atmosphere. Unfortunately, isoprene cannot accumulate to detectable abundance without entering a run-away phase, which occurs at a very high production rate, ∼100 times the Earth's production rate. In this run-away scenario, isoprene will accumulate to >100 ppm, and its spectral features are detectable with ∼20 JWST transits. One caveat is that some isoprene spectral features are hard to distinguish from those of methane and also from other hydrocarbons containing the isoprene substructure. Despite these challenges, isoprene is worth adding to the menu of potential biosignature gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuchang Zhan
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sara Seager
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Physics, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Janusz Jurand Petkowski
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Clara Sousa-Silva
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sukrit Ranjan
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - William Bains
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Rufus Scientific, Royston, United Kingdom
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16
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Frank L, Wenig M, Ghirardo A, van der Krol A, Vlot AC, Schnitzler JP, Rosenkranz M. Isoprene and β-caryophyllene confer plant resistance via different plant internal signalling pathways. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:1151-1164. [PMID: 33522606 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Isoprene and other terpenoids are important biogenic volatile organic compounds in terms of atmospheric chemistry. Isoprene can aid plant performance under abiotic stresses, but the fundamental biological reasons for the high emissions are not completely understood. Here, we provide evidence of a previously unrecognized ecological function for isoprene and for the sesquiterpene, ß-caryophyllene. We show that isoprene and ß-caryophyllene act as core components of plant signalling networks, inducing resistance against microbial pathogens in neighbouring plants. We challenged Arabidopsis thaliana with Pseudomonas syringae, after exposure to pure volatile terpenoids or to volatile emissions of transformed poplar or Arabidopsis plants. The data suggest that isoprene induces a defence response in receiver plants that is similar to that elicited by monoterpenes and depended on salicylic acid (SA) signalling. In contrast, the sesquiterpene, ß-caryophyllene, induced resistance via jasmonic acid (JA)-signalling. The experiments in an open environment show that natural biological emissions are enough to induce resistance in neighbouring Arabidopsis. Our results show that both isoprene and ß-caryophyllene function as allelochemical components in complex plant signalling networks. Knowledge of this system may be used to boost plant immunity against microbial pathogens in various crop management schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Frank
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marion Wenig
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Ghirardo
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - A Corina Vlot
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jörg-Peter Schnitzler
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Maaria Rosenkranz
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Neuherberg, Germany
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17
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Simin T, Tang J, Holst T, Rinnan R. Volatile organic compound emission in tundra shrubs - Dependence on species characteristics and the near-surface environment. ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 184:104387. [PMID: 33814646 PMCID: PMC7896103 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2021.104387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is one of the key abiotic factors during the life of plants, especially in the Arctic region which is currently experiencing rapid climate change. We evaluated plant traits and environmental variables determining leaf temperature in tundra shrubs and volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions with field measurements on deciduous tundra shrubs, Salix myrsinites and Betula nana, and evergreen Cassiope tetragona and Rhododendron lapponicum. Higher leaf-to-air temperature difference was observed in evergreen, compared to deciduous shrubs. Evergreen shrubs also showed continuously increasing photosynthesis with increasing temperature, suggesting high thermal tolerance. For the deciduous species, the optimum temperature for net photosynthesis was between our measurement temperatures of 24 °C and 38 °C. Air temperature and vapor pressure deficit were the most important variables influencing leaf temperature and VOC emissions in all the studied plants, along with stomatal density and specific leaf area in the deciduous shrubs. Using climate data and emission factors from our measurements, we modelled total seasonal tundra shrub VOC emissions of 0.3-2.3 g m-2 over the main growing season. Our results showed higher-than-expected temperature optima for photosynthesis and VOC emission and demonstrated the relative importance of plant traits and local environments in determining leaf temperature and VOC emissions in a subarctic tundra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tihomir Simin
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Jing Tang
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350, Copenhagen K, Denmark
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | - Thomas Holst
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | - Riikka Rinnan
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350, Copenhagen K, Denmark
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18
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Li M, Xu J, Lyu F, Khomenko I, Biasioli F, Villani M, Baldan B, Varotto C. Evolution of isoprene emission in Arecaceae (palms). Evol Appl 2021; 14:902-914. [PMID: 33897811 PMCID: PMC8061277 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Isoprene synthase (IspS) is the sole enzyme in plants responsible for the yearly emission in the atmosphere of thousands of tonnes of the natural hydrocarbon isoprene worldwide. Species of the monocotyledonous family Arecaceae (palms) are among the highest plant emitters, but to date no IspS gene from this family has been identified. Here, we screened with PTR-ToF-MS 18 genera of the Arecaceae for isoprene emission and found that the majority of the sampled species emits isoprene. Putative IspS genes from six different genera were sequenced and three of them were functionally characterized by heterologous overexpression in Arabidopsis thaliana, demonstrating that they encode functional IspS genes. Site-directed mutagenesis and expression in Arabidopsis demonstrated the functional relevance of a novel IspS diagnostic tetrad from Arecaceae, whose most variable amino acids could not preserve catalytic function when substituted by a putatively dicotyledonous-specific tetrad. In particular, mutation of threonine 479 likely impairs the open-closed transition of the enzyme by altering the network of hydrogen bonds between helices H1α, H, and I. These results shed new light on the evolution of IspS in monocots, suggesting that isoprene emission is an ancestral trait within the Arecaceae family. The identification of IspS from Arecaceae provides promising novel enzymes for the production of isoprene in heterologous systems and allows the screening and selection of commercially relevant palm varieties with lower environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingai Li
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation CentreFondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all'AdigeItaly
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation CentreFondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all'AdigeItaly
| | - Fuling Lyu
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation CentreFondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all'AdigeItaly
- Experimental Center of Forestry in North ChinaChinese Academy of ForestryBeijingChina
| | - Iuliia Khomenko
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation CentreFondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all'AdigeItaly
| | - Franco Biasioli
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation CentreFondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all'AdigeItaly
| | | | - Barbara Baldan
- Botanical Garden of PadovaUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
- Department of BiologyUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Claudio Varotto
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation CentreFondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all'AdigeItaly
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Photosynthesis and Related Physiological Parameters Differences Affected the Isoprene Emission Rate among 10 Typical Tree Species in Subtropical Metropolises. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18030954. [PMID: 33499177 PMCID: PMC7908470 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18030954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Volatile organic compound (VOCs) emission is an important cause of photochemical smog and particulate pollution in urban areas, and urban vegetation has been presented as an important source. Different tree species have different emission levels, so adjusting greening species collocation is an effective way to control biogenic VOC pollution. However, there is a lack of measurements of tree species emission in subtropical metropolises, and the factors influencing the species-specific differences need to be further clarified. This study applied an in situ method to investigate the isoprene emission rates of 10 typical tree species in subtropical metropolises. Photosynthesis and related parameters including photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO2 concentration, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate, which can influence the emission rate of a single species, were also measured. Results showed Salix babylonica always exhibited a high emission level, whereas Elaeocarpus decipiens and Ligustrum lucidum maintained a low level throughout the year. Differences in photosynthetic rate and stomatal CO2 conductance are the key parameters related to isoprene emission among different plants. Through the establishment of emission inventory and determination of key photosynthetic parameters, the results provide a reference for the selection of urban greening species, as well as seasonal pollution control, and help to alleviate VOC pollution caused by urban forests.
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20
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Leaf isoprene emission as a trait that mediates the growth-defense tradeoff in the face of climate stress. Oecologia 2021; 197:885-902. [PMID: 33420520 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04813-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Plant isoprene emissions are known to contribute to abiotic stress tolerance, especially during episodes of high temperature and drought, and during cellular oxidative stress. Recent studies have shown that genetic transformations to add or remove isoprene emissions cause a cascade of cellular modifications that include known signaling pathways, and interact to remodel adaptive growth-defense tradeoffs. The most compelling evidence for isoprene signaling is found in the shikimate and phenylpropanoid pathways, which produce salicylic acid, alkaloids, tannins, anthocyanins, flavonols and other flavonoids; all of which have roles in stress tolerance and plant defense. Isoprene also influences key gene expression patterns in the terpenoid biosynthetic pathways, and the jasmonic acid, gibberellic acid and cytokinin signaling networks that have important roles in controlling inducible defense responses and influencing plant growth and development, particularly following defoliation. In this synthesis paper, using past studies of transgenic poplar, tobacco and Arabidopsis, we present the evidence for isoprene acting as a metabolite that coordinates aspects of cellular signaling, resulting in enhanced chemical defense during periods of climate stress, while minimizing costs to growth. This perspective represents a major shift in our thinking away from direct effects of isoprene, for example, by changing membrane properties or quenching ROS, to indirect effects, through changes in gene expression and protein abundances. Recognition of isoprene's role in the growth-defense tradeoff provides new perspectives on evolution of the trait, its contribution to plant adaptation and resilience, and the ecological niches in which it is most effective.
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21
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Sun Z, Shen Y, Niinemets Ü. Responses of isoprene emission and photochemical efficiency to severe drought combined with prolonged hot weather in hybrid Populus. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:7364-7381. [PMID: 32996573 PMCID: PMC7906789 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Isoprene emissions have been considered as a protective response of plants to heat stress, but there is limited information of how prolonged heat spells affect isoprene emission capacity, particularly under the drought conditions that often accompany hot weather. Under combined long-term stresses, presence of isoprene emission could contribute to the maintenance of the precursor pool for rapid synthesis of essential isoprenoids to repair damaged components of leaf photosynthetic apparatus. We studied changes in leaf isoprene emission rate, photosynthetic characteristics, and antioxidant enzyme activities in two hybrid Populus clones, Nanlin 1388 (relatively high drought tolerance) and Nanlin 895 (relatively high thermotolerance) that were subjected to long-term (30 d) soil water stress (25% versus 90% soil field capacity) combined with a natural heat spell (day-time temperatures of 35-40 °C) that affected both control and water-stressed plants. Unexpectedly, isoprene emissions from both the clones were similar and the overall effects of drought on the emission characteristics were initially minor; however, treatment effects and clonal differences increased with time. In particular, the isoprene emission rate only increased slightly in the Nanlin 895 control plants after 15 d of treatment, whereas it decreased by more than 5-fold in all treatment × clone combinations after 30 d. The reduction in isoprene emission rate was associated with a decrease in the pool size of the isoprene precursor dimethylallyl diphosphate in all cases at 30 d after the start of treatment. Net assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, the openness of PSII centers, and the effective quantum yield all decreased, and non-photochemical quenching and catalase activity increased in both control and water-stressed plants. Contrary to the hypothesis of protection of leaf photosynthetic apparatus by isoprene, the data collectively indicated that prolonged stress affected isoprene emissions more strongly than leaf photosynthetic characteristics. This primarily reflected the depletion of isoprene precursor pools under long-term severe stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Sun
- School of Forestry and Bio-Technology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang A&F University State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Shen
- School of Forestry and Bio-Technology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- School of Forestry and Bio-Technology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi, Tartu, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu, Tallinn, Estonia
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22
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Sphingopyxis sp. Strain OPL5, an Isoprene-Degrading Bacterium from the Sphingomonadaceae Family Isolated from Oil Palm Leaves. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8101557. [PMID: 33050387 PMCID: PMC7600658 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8101557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The volatile secondary metabolite, isoprene, is released by trees to the atmosphere in enormous quantities, where it has important effects on air quality and climate. Oil palm trees, one of the highest isoprene emitters, are increasingly dominating agroforestry over large areas of Asia, with associated uncertainties over their effects on climate. Microbes capable of using isoprene as a source of carbon for growth have been identified in soils and in the tree phyllosphere, and most are members of the Actinobacteria. Here, we used DNA stable isotope probing to identify the isoprene-degrading bacteria associated with oil palm leaves and inhabiting the surrounding soil. Among the most abundant isoprene degraders of the leaf-associated community were members of the Sphingomonadales, although no representatives of this order were previously known to degrade isoprene. Informed by these data, we obtained representatives of the most abundant isoprene degraders in enrichments, including Sphingopyxis strain OPL5 (Sphingomonadales), able to grow on isoprene as the sole source of carbon and energy. Sequencing of the genome of strain OPL5, as well as a novel Gordonia strain, confirmed their pathways of isoprene degradation and broadened our knowledge of the genetic and taxonomic diversity of this important bacterial trait.
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Yuan X, Li S, Feng Z, Xu Y, Shang B, Fares S, Paoletti E. Response of isoprene emission from poplar saplings to ozone pollution and nitrogen deposition depends on leaf position along the vertical canopy profile. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:114909. [PMID: 32540567 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We investigated isoprene (ISO) emission and gas exchange in leaves from different positions along the vertical canopy profile of poplar saplings (Populus euramericana cv. '74/76'). For a growing season, plants were subjected to four N treatments, control (NC, no N addition), low N (LN, 50 kg N ha-1year-1), middle N (MN, 100 kg N ha-1year-1), high N (HN, 200 kg N ha-1year-1) and three O3 treatments (CF, charcoal-filtered ambient air; NF, non-filtered ambient air; NF + O3, NF + 40 ppb O3). Our results showed the effects of O3 and/or N on standardized ISO rate (ISOrate) and photosynthetic parameters differed along with the leaf position, with larger negative effects of O3 and positive effects of N on ISOrate and photosynthetic parameters in the older leaves. Expanded young leaves were insensitive to both treatments even at very high O3 concentration (67 ppb as 10-h average) and HN treatment. Significant O3 × N interactions were only found in middle and lower leaves, where ISOrate declined by O3 just when N was limited (NC and LN). With increasing light-saturated photosynthesis and chlorophyll content, ISOrate was reduced in the upper leaves but on the contrary increased in middle and lower leaves. The responses of ISOrate to AOT40 (accumulated exposure to hourly O3 concentrations > 40 ppb) and PODY (accumulative stomatal uptake of O3 > Y nmol O3 m-2 PLA s-1) were not significant in upper leaves, but ISOrate significantly decreased with increasing AOT40 or PODY under limited N supply in middle leaves but at all N levels in lower leaves. Overall, ISOrate changed along the vertical canopy profile in response to combined O3 and N exposure, a behavior that should be incorporated into multi-layer canopy models. Our results are relevant for modelling regional isoprene emissions under current and future O3 pollution and N deposition scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Shuangjiang Li
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing, 210044, China; National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China.
| | - Yansen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Bo Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Silvano Fares
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA) - Research Centre for Forestry and Wood, Via Valle della Quistione 27, 00166, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Paoletti
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China; Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council, via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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24
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Miloradovic van Doorn M, Merl-Pham J, Ghirardo A, Fink S, Polle A, Schnitzler JP, Rosenkranz M. Root isoprene formation alters lateral root development. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:2207-2223. [PMID: 32495947 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Isoprene is a C5 volatile organic compound, which can protect aboveground plant tissue from abiotic stress such as short-term high temperatures and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, we uncover new roles for isoprene in the plant belowground tissues. By analysing Populus x canescens isoprene synthase (PcISPS) promoter reporter plants, we discovered PcISPS promoter activity in certain regions of the roots including the vascular tissue, the differentiation zone and the root cap. Treatment of roots with auxin or salt increased PcISPS promoter activity at these sites, especially in the developing lateral roots (LR). Transgenic, isoprene non-emitting poplar roots revealed an accumulation of O2- in the same root regions where PcISPS promoter activity was localized. Absence of isoprene emission, moreover, increased the formation of LRs. Inhibition of NAD(P)H oxidase activity suppressed LR development, suggesting the involvement of ROS in this process. The analysis of the fine root proteome revealed a constitutive shift in the amount of several redox balance, signalling and development related proteins, such as superoxide dismutase, various peroxidases and linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase, in isoprene non-emitting poplar roots. Together our results indicate for isoprene a ROS-related function, eventually co-regulating the plant-internal signalling network and development processes in root tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Miloradovic van Doorn
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Juliane Merl-Pham
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Ghirardo
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Siegfried Fink
- Forest Botany, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Andrea Polle
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jörg-Peter Schnitzler
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Maaria Rosenkranz
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
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25
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Yáñez-Serrano AM, Bourtsoukidis E, Alves EG, Bauwens M, Stavrakou T, Llusià J, Filella I, Guenther A, Williams J, Artaxo P, Sindelarova K, Doubalova J, Kesselmeier J, Peñuelas J. Amazonian biogenic volatile organic compounds under global change. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:4722-4751. [PMID: 32445424 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) play important roles at cellular, foliar, ecosystem and atmospheric levels. The Amazonian rainforest represents one of the major global sources of BVOCs, so its study is essential for understanding BVOC dynamics. It also provides insights into the role of such large and biodiverse forest ecosystem in regional and global atmospheric chemistry and climate. We review the current information on Amazonian BVOCs and identify future research priorities exploring biogenic emissions and drivers, ecological interactions, atmospheric impacts, depositional processes and modifications to BVOC dynamics due to changes in climate and land cover. A feedback loop between Amazonian BVOCs and the trends of climate and land-use changes in Amazonia is then constructed. Satellite observations and model simulation time series demonstrate the validity of the proposed loop showing a combined effect of climate change and deforestation on BVOC emission in Amazonia. A decreasing trend of isoprene during the wet season, most likely due to forest biomass loss, and an increasing trend of the sesquiterpene to isoprene ratio during the dry season suggest increasing temperature stress-induced emissions due to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Yáñez-Serrano
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Efstratios Bourtsoukidis
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Multiphase Chemistry Departments, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Eliane G Alves
- Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Maite Bauwens
- Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Joan Llusià
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Iolanda Filella
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Alex Guenther
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Williams
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Multiphase Chemistry Departments, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Paulo Artaxo
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Katerina Sindelarova
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Atmospheric Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jana Doubalova
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Atmospheric Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- Modelling and Assessment Department, Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jürgen Kesselmeier
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Multiphase Chemistry Departments, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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Abstract
The terrestrial biosphere-atmosphere interface provides a key chemical, biological, and physical lower boundary for the atmosphere. The presence of vegetation itself modifies the physical boundary, or the biogeophysical aspects of the system, by controlling important climate drivers such as soil moisture, light environment, and temperature. The leaf surface area of the terrestrial biosphere provides additional surface area for emissions, and it can be up to 55% of the total Earth's surface area during the boreal summer. Vegetation also influences the biogeochemical aspects of the system by emitting a broad suite of reactive trace gases such as biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions and climate-relevant primary biological aerosol particles (PBAP). Many of these emissions are a function of meteorological and climatological conditions at the surface, including temperature, light environment, soil moisture, and winds. Once emitted, they can be processed in the troposphere through a suite of chemical reactions. BVOC can contribute to the formation of ozone and secondary organic aerosols (SOA), and PBAP can rupture to form smaller particles with climatic relevance. These emissions and subsequent aerosol products can influence atmospheric processes that affect the surface climate, such as the attenuation of radiation, the formation of greenhouse gases such as ozone that can feedback to surface air temperature, and the alteration of clouds and subsequent precipitation. These atmospheric changes can then feedback to the land surface and emissions themselves, creating positive or negative feedback loops that can dampen or amplify the emission response. For the dominant BVOC isoprene, the feedback response to temperature can be positive or negative depending on ambient temperatures that drive isoprene emissions. The feedback response to soil moisture and precipitation can be positive, negative, or uncoupled depending on the moisture content of the soil and the total atmospheric aerosol loading. For light, the isoprene response can be positive or negative depending on the role of diffuse light. Overall, these feedbacks highlight the dynamical response of the biosphere to changing atmospheric conditions across a range of time scales, from minutes for trace gases and aerosols, to months for phenological changes, to years for land cover and land use change. The dynamic aspect of this system requires us to understand, simulate, and predict the complex feedbacks between the biosphere and atmosphere and understand their role in the simulation and understanding of climate and global change. From the observational perspective, these feedbacks are challenging to identify in observations, and predictive modeling tools provide a crucial link for understanding how these feedbacks will change under warming climate scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison L. Steiner
- Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2143, United States
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27
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Jardine KJ, Zorzanelli RF, Gimenez BO, Oliveira Piva LRD, Teixeira A, Fontes CG, Robles E, Higuchi N, Chambers JQ, Martin ST. Leaf isoprene and monoterpene emission distribution across hyperdominant tree genera in the Amazon basin. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 175:112366. [PMID: 32278887 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Tropical forests are acknowledged to be the largest global source of isoprene (C5H8) and monoterpenes (C10H16) emissions, with current synthesis studies suggesting few tropical species emit isoprenoids (20-38%) and do so with highly variable emission capacities, including within the same genera. This apparent lack of a clear phylogenetic thread has created difficulties both in linking isoprenoid function with evolution and for the development of accurate biosphere-atmosphere models. Here, we present a systematic emission study of "hyperdominant" tree species in the Amazon Basin. Across 162 individuals, distributed among 25 botanical families and 113 species, isoprenoid emissions were widespread among both early and late successional species (isoprene: 61.9% of the species; monoterpenes: 15.0%; both isoprene and monoterpenes: 9.7%). The hyperdominant species (69) across the top five most abundant genera, which make up about 50% of all individuals in the Basin, had a similar abundance of isoprenoid emitters (isoprene: 63.8%; monoterpenes: 17.4%; both 11.6%). Among the abundant genera, only Pouteria had a low frequency of isoprene emitting species (15.8% of 19 species). In contrast, Protium, Licania, Inga, and Eschweilera were rich in isoprene emitting species (83.3% of 12 species, 61.1% of 18 species, 100% of 8 species, and 100% of 12 species, respectively). Light response curves of individuals in each of the five genera showed light-dependent, photosynthesis-linked emission rates of isoprene and monoterpenes. Importantly, in every genus, we observed species with light-dependent isoprene emissions together with monoterpenes including β-ocimene. These observations support the emerging view of the evolution of isoprene synthases from β-ocimene synthases. Our results have important implications for understanding isoprenoid function-evolution relationships and the development of more accurate Earth System Models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kolby J Jardine
- Earth and Environmental Science Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Rd, building 64-241, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; National Institute for Amazon Research (INPA), Department of Forest Management, Ave. Andre Araujo, 2936, Manaus, AM, 69.080-97, Brazil.
| | - Raquel F Zorzanelli
- Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Ave. Governador Lindemberg, nº 316, Centro, Jerônimo, Monteiro, ES, 29.550-000, Brazil
| | - Bruno O Gimenez
- National Institute for Amazon Research (INPA), Department of Forest Management, Ave. Andre Araujo, 2936, Manaus, AM, 69.080-97, Brazil
| | | | - Andrea Teixeira
- National Institute for Amazon Research (INPA), Department of Forest Management, Ave. Andre Araujo, 2936, Manaus, AM, 69.080-97, Brazil
| | - Clarissa G Fontes
- College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, 100 Ecology 1987 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Emily Robles
- Earth and Environmental Science Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Rd, building 64-241, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; College of Natural Resources, University of California Berkeley, 260 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Niro Higuchi
- National Institute for Amazon Research (INPA), Department of Forest Management, Ave. Andre Araujo, 2936, Manaus, AM, 69.080-97, Brazil
| | - Jeffrey Q Chambers
- Earth and Environmental Science Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Rd, building 64-241, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Department of Geography, University of California Berkeley, 507 McCone Hall #4740, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Scot T Martin
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
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28
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Xu J, Trainotti L, Li M, Varotto C. Overexpression of Isoprene Synthase Affects ABA- and Drought-Related Gene Expression and Enhances Tolerance to Abiotic Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4276. [PMID: 32560078 PMCID: PMC7352718 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Isoprene is the most abundant single biogenic volatile compound emitted by plants. Despite the relevance of this molecule to plant abiotic resistance and its impact on global atmospheric chemistry, little is known about the details of its mechanism of action. Here, we characterized through both physiological and molecular methods the mechanisms of action of isoprene using model transgenic arabidopsis lines overexpressing a monocot isoprene synthase gene. Our results demonstrated the effect that isoprene had on ABA signaling at different tissue-specific, spatial, and temporal scales. In particular, we found that isoprene enhanced stomatal sensitivity to ABA through upregulation of RD29B signaling gene. By contrast, isoprene decreased sensitivity to ABA in germinating seeds and roots, suggesting tissue-specific mechanisms of action. In leaves, isoprene caused the downregulation of COR15A and P5CS genes, suggesting that the enhanced tolerance to water-deprivation stress observed in isoprene-emitting plants may be mediated chiefly by an enhanced membrane integrity and tolerance to osmotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xu
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Research and Innovation Centre, via Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige (TN), Italy;
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Padova, viale Giuseppe Colombo, 3, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Livio Trainotti
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Padova, viale Giuseppe Colombo, 3, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Mingai Li
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Research and Innovation Centre, via Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige (TN), Italy;
| | - Claudio Varotto
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Research and Innovation Centre, via Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige (TN), Italy;
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29
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Murrell JC, McGenity TJ, Crombie AT. Microbial metabolism of isoprene: a much-neglected climate-active gas. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2020; 166:600-613. [PMID: 32441612 PMCID: PMC7657509 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The climate-active gas isoprene is the major volatile produced by a variety of trees and is released into the atmosphere in enormous quantities, on a par with global emissions of methane. While isoprene production in plants and its effect on atmospheric chemistry have received considerable attention, research into the biological isoprene sink has been neglected until recently. Here, we review current knowledge on the sources and sinks of isoprene and outline its environmental effects. Focusing on degradation by microbes, many of which are able to use isoprene as the sole source of carbon and energy, we review recent studies characterizing novel isoprene degraders isolated from soils, marine sediments and in association with plants. We describe the development and use of molecular methods to identify, quantify and genetically characterize isoprene-degrading strains in environmental samples. Finally, this review identifies research imperatives for the further study of the environmental impact, ecology, regulation and biochemistry of this interesting group of microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Colin Murrell
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Terry J McGenity
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Andrew T Crombie
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
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30
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Faralli M, Li M, Varotto C. Shoot Characterization of Isoprene and Ocimene-Emitting Transgenic Arabidopsis Plants under Contrasting Environmental Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E477. [PMID: 32283654 PMCID: PMC7238224 DOI: 10.3390/plants9040477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Isoprenoids are among the most abundant biogenic volatile compounds (VOCs) emitted by plants, and mediate both biotic and abiotic stress responses. Here, we provide for the first time a comparative analysis of transgenic Arabidopsis lines constitutively emitting isoprene and ocimene. Transgenic lines and Columbia-0 (Col-0) Arabidopsis were characterized under optimal, water stress, and heat stress conditions. Under optimal conditions, the projected leaf area (PLA), relative growth rate, and final dry weight were generally higher in transgenics than Col-0. These traits were associated to a larger photosynthetic capacity and CO2 assimilation rate at saturating light. Isoprene and ocimene emitters displayed a moderately higher stress tolerance than Col-0, showing higher PLA and gas-exchange traits throughout the experiments. Contrasting behaviors were recorded for the two overexpressors under water stress, with isoprene emitters showing earlier stomatal closure (conservative behavior) than ocimene emitters (non-conservative behavior), which might suggest different induced strategies for water conservation and stress adaptation. Our work indicates that (i) isoprene and ocimene emitters resulted in enhanced PLA and biomass under optimal and control conditions and that (ii) a moderate stress tolerance is induced when isoprene and ocimene are constitutively emitted in Arabidopsis, thus providing evidence of their role as a potential preferable trait for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Claudio Varotto
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige (TN), Italy; (M.F.); (M.L.)
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31
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Tang T, Li CH, Li DS, Jing SX, Hua J, Luo SH, Liu Y, Li SH. Peltate glandular trichomes of Colquhounia vestita harbor diterpenoid acids that contribute to plant adaptation to UV radiation and cold stresses. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 172:112285. [PMID: 32035325 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant glandular trichomes (GTs) are adaptive epidermal structures that synthesize and accumulate diverse specialized metabolites well-known as defense chemicals against biotic attacks, but their roles against abiotic challenges including UV radiation and cold climates remain largely unexplored. Colquhounia vestita Wall is a Chinese-Himalayan Lamiaceae plant with dense peltate and capitate GTs on its leaf and stem surfaces under a scanning electron microscope. Three diterpenoid acids, including a clerodane 5-epi-hardwickiic acid and two labdanes polyalthic acid and E-communic acid, were identified from the peltate GTs of C. vestita through laser microdissection coupled with UPLC-MS/MS. Under UV radiation and cold stresses, the major GT component polyalthic acid increased the biomass of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings and decreased their malondialdehyde content. Furthermore, polyalthic acid promoted photosynthetic efficiency and the expression of genes encoding peroxidative enzymes under UV radiation, and stimulated Ca2+ elevation and the expression of calmodulin binding transcription activator gene CAMTA3 and two downstream cold-responsive genes CBF3 and RD29A under cold stress. Therefore, polyalthic acid in GTs is likely to endow the plant with enhanced tolerance to UV radiation and cold stresses, which extends the current understanding of the function of GT compounds in plant adaptation to abiotic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, PR China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming, 650201, PR China
| | - Chun-Huan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, PR China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming, 650201, PR China
| | - De-Sen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, PR China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming, 650201, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Shu-Xi Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, PR China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming, 650201, PR China
| | - Juan Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, PR China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming, 650201, PR China
| | - Shi-Hong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, PR China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming, 650201, PR China
| | - Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, PR China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming, 650201, PR China.
| | - Sheng-Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, PR China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming, 650201, PR China.
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32
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Majchrzak T, Wojnowski W, Rutkowska M, Wasik A. Real-Time Volatilomics: A Novel Approach for Analyzing Biological Samples. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 25:302-312. [PMID: 31948793 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The use of the 'omics techniques in environmental research has become common-place. The most widely implemented of these include metabolomics, proteomics, genomics, and transcriptomics. In recent years, a similar approach has also been taken with the analysis of volatiles from biological samples, giving rise to the so-called 'volatilomics' in plant analysis. Developments in direct infusion mass spectrometry (DI-MS) techniques have made it possible to monitor the changes in the composition of volatile flux from parts of plants, single specimens, and entire ecosystems in real-time. The application of these techniques enables a unique insight into the dynamic metabolic processes that occur in plants. Here, we provide an overview of the use of DI-MS in real-time volatilomics research involving plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Majchrzak
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Wojciech Wojnowski
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Rutkowska
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Andrzej Wasik
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland.
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Ormeño E, Viros J, Mévy JP, Tonetto A, Saunier A, Bousquet-Mélou A, Fernandez C. Exogenous Isoprene Confers Physiological Benefits in a Negligible Isoprene Emitter ( Acer monspessulanum L. ) Under Water Deficit. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9020159. [PMID: 32012939 PMCID: PMC7076702 DOI: 10.3390/plants9020159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Isoprene, the main volatile released by plants, is known to protect the photosynthetic apparatus in isoprene emitters submitted to oxidative pressures caused by environmental constraints. Whether ambient isoprene contributes to protect negligible plant emitters under abiotic stress conditions is less clear, and no study has tested if ambient isoprene is beneficial during drought periods in plant species that naturally release negligible isoprene emissions. This study examines the effect of exogenous isoprene (20 ppbv) on net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and production of H2O2 (a reactive oxygen species: ROS) in leaves of Acer monspessulanum (a negligible isoprene emitter) submitted to three watering treatments (optimal, moderate water stress and severe water stress). Results showed that A. monspessulanum exhibited a net photosynthesis increase (+30%) and a relative leaf H2O2 decrease when saplings were exposed to an enriched isoprene atmosphere compared to isoprene-free conditions under moderate water deficit. Such physiological improvement under isoprene exposure was not observed under optimal watering or severe water stress. These findings suggest that when negligible isoprene emitters are surrounded by a very high concentration of isoprene in the ambient air, some plant protection mechanism occurs under moderate water deficit probably related to protection against ROS damage eventually impeding photosynthesis drop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ormeño
- CNRS, Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Univ, IRD, IMBE, 13331 Marseille, France; (J.V.); (J.-P.M.); (A.B.-M.); (C.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-413-55-12-26
| | - Justine Viros
- CNRS, Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Univ, IRD, IMBE, 13331 Marseille, France; (J.V.); (J.-P.M.); (A.B.-M.); (C.F.)
| | - Jean-Philippe Mévy
- CNRS, Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Univ, IRD, IMBE, 13331 Marseille, France; (J.V.); (J.-P.M.); (A.B.-M.); (C.F.)
| | - Alain Tonetto
- Platform of analytical and technological research and imaging, FR1739, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Univ, Centrale Marseille, 13003 Marseille, France;
| | - Amélie Saunier
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland;
| | - Anne Bousquet-Mélou
- CNRS, Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Univ, IRD, IMBE, 13331 Marseille, France; (J.V.); (J.-P.M.); (A.B.-M.); (C.F.)
| | - Catherine Fernandez
- CNRS, Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Univ, IRD, IMBE, 13331 Marseille, France; (J.V.); (J.-P.M.); (A.B.-M.); (C.F.)
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Nitta N, Tajima Y, Katashkina J, Yamamoto Y, Onuki A, Rachi H, Kazieva E, Nishio Y. Application of inorganic phosphate limitation to efficient isoprene production in
Pantoea ananatis. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 128:763-774. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.14521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Nitta
- Institute for Innovation Ajinomoto Co., Inc. Kawasaki Japan
| | - Y. Tajima
- Institute for Innovation Ajinomoto Co., Inc. Kawasaki Japan
| | | | - Y. Yamamoto
- Institute for Innovation Ajinomoto Co., Inc. Kawasaki Japan
| | - A. Onuki
- Institute for Innovation Ajinomoto Co., Inc. Kawasaki Japan
| | - H. Rachi
- Institute for Innovation Ajinomoto Co., Inc. Kawasaki Japan
| | - E. Kazieva
- Ajinomoto‐Genetika Research Institute Moscow Russia
| | - Y. Nishio
- Institute for Innovation Ajinomoto Co., Inc. Kawasaki Japan
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Ruehr NK, Grote R, Mayr S, Arneth A. Beyond the extreme: recovery of carbon and water relations in woody plants following heat and drought stress. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 39:1285-1299. [PMID: 30924906 PMCID: PMC6703153 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpz032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Plant responses to drought and heat stress have been extensively studied, whereas post-stress recovery, which is fundamental to understanding stress resilience, has received much less attention. Here, we present a conceptual stress-recovery framework with respect to hydraulic and metabolic functioning in woody plants. We further synthesize results from controlled experimental studies following heat or drought events and highlight underlying mechanisms that drive post-stress recovery. We find that the pace of recovery differs among physiological processes. Leaf water potential and abscisic acid concentration typically recover within few days upon rewetting, while leaf gas exchange-related variables lag behind. Under increased drought severity as indicated by a loss in xylem hydraulic conductance, the time for stomatal conductance recovery increases markedly. Following heat stress release, a similar delay in leaf gas exchange recovery has been observed, but the reasons are most likely a slow reversal of photosynthetic impairment and other temperature-related leaf damages, which typically manifest at temperatures above 40 °C. Based thereon, we suggest that recovery of gas exchange is fast following mild stress, while recovery is slow and reliant on the efficiency of repair and regrowth when stress results in functional impairment and damage to critical plant processes. We further propose that increasing stress severity, particular after critical stress levels have been reached, increases the carbon cost involved in reestablishing functionality. This concept can guide future experimental research and provides a base for modeling post-stress recovery of carbon and water relations in trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine K Ruehr
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research—Atmospheric Environmental Research (KIT/IMK-IFU), Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Grote
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research—Atmospheric Environmental Research (KIT/IMK-IFU), Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Stefan Mayr
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Almut Arneth
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research—Atmospheric Environmental Research (KIT/IMK-IFU), Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
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36
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Taylor TC, Smith MN, Slot M, Feeley KJ. The capacity to emit isoprene differentiates the photosynthetic temperature responses of tropical plant species. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:2448-2457. [PMID: 30993708 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Experimental research shows that isoprene emission by plants can improve photosynthetic performance at high temperatures. But whether species that emit isoprene have higher thermal limits than non-emitting species remains largely untested. Tropical plants are adapted to narrow temperature ranges and global warming could result in significant ecosystem restructuring due to small variations in species' thermal tolerances. We compared photosynthetic temperature responses of 26 co-occurring tropical tree and liana species to test whether isoprene-emitting species are more tolerant to high temperatures. We classified species as isoprene emitters versus non-emitters based on published datasets. Maximum temperatures for net photosynthesis were ~1.8°C higher for isoprene-emitting species than for non-emitters, and thermal response curves were 24% wider; differences in optimum temperatures (Topt ) or photosynthetic rates at Topt were not significant. Modelling the carbon cost of isoprene emission, we show that even strong emission rates cause little reduction in the net carbon assimilation advantage over non-emitters at supraoptimal temperatures. Isoprene emissions may alleviate biochemical limitations, which together with stomatal conductance, co-limit photosynthesis above Topt . Our findings provide evidence that isoprene emission may be an adaptation to warmer thermal niches, and that emitting species may fare better under global warming than co-occurring non-emitting species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyeen C Taylor
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL
| | - Marielle N Smith
- Department of Forestry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Martijn Slot
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Republic of Panama
| | - Kenneth J Feeley
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL
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Feng Z, Yuan X, Fares S, Loreto F, Li P, Hoshika Y, Paoletti E. Isoprene is more affected by climate drivers than monoterpenes: A meta-analytic review on plant isoprenoid emissions. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:1939-1949. [PMID: 30767225 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Isoprene and monoterpenes (MTs) are among the most abundant and reactive volatile organic compounds produced by plants (biogenic volatile organic compounds). We conducted a meta-analysis to quantify the mean effect of environmental factors associated to climate change (warming, drought, elevated CO2 , and O3 ) on the emission of isoprene and MTs. Results indicated that all single factors except warming inhibited isoprene emission. When subsets of data collected in experiments run under similar change of a given environmental factor were compared, isoprene and photosynthesis responded negatively to elevated O3 (-8% and -10%, respectively) and drought (-15% and -42%), and in opposite ways to elevated CO2 (-23% and +55%) and warming (+53% and -23%, respectively). Effects on MTs emission were usually not significant, with the exceptions of a significant stimulation caused by warming (+39%) and by elevated O3 (limited to O3 -insensitive plants, and evergreen species with storage organs). Our results clearly highlight individual effects of environmental factors on isoprene and MT emissions, and an overall uncoupling between these secondary metabolites produced by the same methylerythritol 4-phosphate pathway. Future results from manipulative experiments and long-term observations may help untangling the interactive effects of these factors and filling gaps featured in the current meta-analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaozhong Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Xiangyang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Silvano Fares
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Forestry and Wood, Arezzo, 52100, Italy
| | - Francesco Loreto
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences (DISBA), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, 00185, Italy
- Department of Biology, University Federico II, Naples, 80138, Italy
| | - Pin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yasutomo Hoshika
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), 50019, Italy
| | - Elena Paoletti
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), 50019, Italy
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Reassimilation of Leaf Internal CO2 Contributes to Isoprene Emission in the Neotropical Species Inga edulis Mart. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10060472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Isoprene (C5H8) is a hydrocarbon gas emitted by many tree species and has been shown to protect photosynthesis under abiotic stress. Under optimal conditions for photosynthesis, ~70%–90% of carbon used for isoprene biosynthesis is produced from recently assimilated atmospheric CO2. While the contribution of alternative carbon sources that increase with leaf temperature and other stresses have been demonstrated, uncertainties remain regarding the biochemical source(s) of isoprene carbon. In this study, we investigated leaf isoprene emissions (Is) from neotropical species Inga edulis Mart. as a function of light and temperature under ambient (450 µmol m−2 s−1) and CO2-free (0 µmol m−2 s−1) atmosphere. Is under CO2-free atmosphere showed light-dependent emission patterns similar to those observed under ambient CO2, but with lower light saturation point. Leaves treated with the photosynthesis inhibitor DCMU (3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea) failed to produce detectable Is in normal light under a CO2-free atmosphere. While strong temperature-dependent Is were observed under CO2-free atmosphere in the light, dark conditions failed to produce detectable Is even at the highest temperatures studied (40 °C). Treatment of leaves with 13C-labeled sodium bicarbonate under CO2-free atmosphere resulted in Is with over 50% containing at least one 13C atom. Is under CO2-free atmosphere and standard conditions of light and leaf temperature represented 19% ± 7% of emissions under ambient CO2. The results show that the reassimilation of leaf internal CO2 contributes to Is in the neotropical species I. edulis. Through the consumption of excess photosynthetic energy, our results support a role of isoprene biosynthesis, together with photorespiration, as a key tolerance mechanism against high temperature and high light in the tropics.
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Makhiyanov N, Smetannikov OV. Microstructure of Products of Isoprene Polymerization on Titanium–Magnesium Catalysts: an NMR Study. RUSS J APPL CHEM+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s107042721905015x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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40
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Bertamini M, Grando MS, Zocca P, Pedrotti M, Lorenzi S, Cappellin L. Linking monoterpenes and abiotic stress resistance in grapevines. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20191301003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rising temperatures and ozone levels are among the most striking stressful phenomena of global climate changes, and they threaten plants that are unable to react rapidly and efficiently. Generic responses of plants to stresses include the production of excess reactive oxygen species (ROS). Excessive ROS accumulation can lead to extensive oxidation of important components such as nucleic acids, proteins and lipids which can further exacerbate ROS accumulation leading to programmed cell death. Although most studies on plant antioxidants have focused on non-volatile compounds, volatiles belonging to the isoprenoid family have been implicated in the protection against abiotic stresses, in particular thermal and oxidative stress whose frequency and extent is being exacerbated by ongoing global change and anthropogenic pollution. Historically, research has focused on isoprene, demonstrating that isoprene-emitting plants are more tolerant to ozone exposure and heat stress, reducing ROS accumulation. Yet, evidence is being compiled that shows other volatile isoprenoids may be involved in plant responses against abiotic stresses. Grapevines are not isoprene emitters but some varieties produce other volatile isoprenoids such as monoterpenes. We investigated photosynthesis and emission of volatile organic compounds upon heat stress in two Vitis vinifera cv. ‘Chardonnay’ clones differing only for a mutation in the DXS gene (2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway), regulating volatile isoprenoid biosynthesis. We showed that the mutation led to a strong increase in monoterpene emission upon heat stress. At the same time, maximum photochemical quantum yield (Fv/Fm ratio) of PSII was affected by the stress in the non-emitting clone while the monoterpene emitter showed a significant resilience, thus indicating a possible antioxidant role of monoterpenes in grapevine. Future mechanistic studies should focus on unveiling the actual mechanism responsible for such findings.
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41
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Reductive metabolism of the important atmospheric gas isoprene by homoacetogens. ISME JOURNAL 2019; 13:1168-1182. [PMID: 30643199 PMCID: PMC6474224 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-018-0338-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Isoprene is the most abundant biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) in the Earth's atmosphere and plays important roles in atmospheric chemistry. Despite this, little is known about microbiological processes serving as a terrestrial sink for isoprene. While aerobic isoprene degrading bacteria have been identified, there are no known anaerobic, isoprene-metabolizing organisms. In this study an H2-consuming homoacetogenic enrichment was shown to utilize 1.6 μmoles isoprene h-1 as an electron acceptor in addition to HCO3-. The isoprene-reducing community was dominated by Acetobacterium spp. and isoprene was shown to be stoichiometrically reduced to three methylbutene isomers (2-methyl-1-butene (>97%), 3-methyl-1-butene (≤2%), 2-methyl-2-butene (≤1%). In the presence of isoprene, 40% less acetate was formed suggesting that isoprene reduction is coupled to energy conservation in Acetobacterium spp. This study improves our understanding of linkages and feedbacks between biogeochemistry and terrestrial microbial activity.
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de Souza VF, Niinemets Ü, Rasulov B, Vickers CE, Duvoisin Júnior S, Araújo WL, Gonçalves JFDC. Alternative Carbon Sources for Isoprene Emission. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 23:1081-1101. [PMID: 30472998 PMCID: PMC6354897 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Isoprene and other plastidial isoprenoids are produced primarily from recently assimilated photosynthates via the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway. However, when environmental conditions limit photosynthesis, a fraction of carbon for MEP pathway can come from extrachloroplastic sources. The flow of extrachloroplastic carbon depends on the species and on leaf developmental and environmental conditions. The exchange of common phosphorylated intermediates between the MEP pathway and other metabolic pathways can occur via plastidic phosphate translocators. C1 and C2 carbon intermediates can contribute to chloroplastic metabolism, including photosynthesis and isoprenoid synthesis. Integration of these metabolic processes provide an example of metabolic flexibility, and results in the synthesis of primary metabolites for plant growth and secondary metabolites for plant defense, allowing effective use of environmental resources under multiple stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius Fernandes de Souza
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, AM 69011-970, Brazil; University of Amazonas State, Manaus, AM 69050-010, Brazil
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Department of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu 51006, Estonia; Estonian Academy of Sciences, 10130 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Bahtijor Rasulov
- Department of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu 51006, Estonia; Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Claudia E Vickers
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Synthetic Biology Future Science Platform, EcoSciences Precinct, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | | | - Wagner L Araújo
- Max-Planck Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
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Taylor TC, McMahon SM, Smith MN, Boyle B, Violle C, van Haren J, Simova I, Meir P, Ferreira LV, de Camargo PB, da Costa ACL, Enquist BJ, Saleska SR. Isoprene emission structures tropical tree biogeography and community assembly responses to climate. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 220:435-446. [PMID: 29974469 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The prediction of vegetation responses to climate requires a knowledge of how climate-sensitive plant traits mediate not only the responses of individual plants, but also shifts in the species and functional compositions of whole communities. The emission of isoprene gas - a trait shared by one-third of tree species - is known to protect leaf biochemistry under climatic stress. Here, we test the hypothesis that isoprene emission shapes tree species compositions in tropical forests by enhancing the tolerance of emitting trees to heat and drought. Using forest inventory data, we estimated the proportional abundance of isoprene-emitting trees (pIE) at 103 lowland tropical sites. We also quantified the temporal composition shifts in three tropical forests - two natural and one artificial - subjected to either anomalous warming or drought. Across the landscape, pIE increased with site mean annual temperature, but decreased with dry season length. Through time, pIE strongly increased under high temperatures, and moderately increased following drought. Our analysis shows that isoprene emission is a key plant trait determining species responses to climate. For species adapted to seasonal dry periods, isoprene emission may tradeoff with alternative strategies, such as leaf deciduousness. Community selection for isoprene-emitting species is a potential mechanism for enhanced forest resilience to climatic change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyeen C Taylor
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Sean M McMahon
- Center for Tropical Forest Science-Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, 21307, USA
| | - Marielle N Smith
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Brad Boyle
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
- Hardner & Gullison Associates, LLC, 15 Woodland Drive, Amherst, NH, 03031, USA
| | - Cyrille Violle
- Centre d'Écologie Fonctionnelle et Évolutive (UMR 5175), CNRS - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul Valéry Montpellier, EPHE, Montpellier, France
| | - Joost van Haren
- Biosphere 2, University of Arizona, 32540 S. Biosphere Road, Oracle, AZ, 85623, USA
| | - Irena Simova
- Center for Theoretical Study, Charles University, Praha, 11636, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 12844, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Patrick Meir
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XP, UK
| | - Leandro V Ferreira
- Coordenação de Botânica, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, 66040-170, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Plinio B de Camargo
- Laboratório de Ecologia Isotópica, Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura (CENA), Universidade de São Paulo, 13400-970, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio C L da Costa
- Centro de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Pará, 66017-970, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Brian J Enquist
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
- The Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Road, Santa Fe, NM, 87501, USA
| | - Scott R Saleska
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
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Fasbender L, Yáñez-Serrano AM, Kreuzwieser J, Dubbert D, Werner C. Real-time carbon allocation into biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) and respiratory carbon dioxide (CO2) traced by PTR-TOF-MS, 13CO2 laser spectroscopy and 13C-pyruvate labelling. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204398. [PMID: 30252899 PMCID: PMC6155514 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions improved substantially during the last years. Nevertheless, there are still large uncertainties of processes controlling plant carbon investment into BVOCs, of some biosynthetic pathways and their linkage to CO2 decarboxylation at central metabolic branching points. To shed more light on carbon partitioning during BVOC biosynthesis, we used an innovative approach combining δ13CO2 laser spectroscopy, high-sensitivity proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry and a multiple branch enclosure system in combination with position-specific 13C-metabolite labelling. Feeding experiments with position-specific 13C-labelled pyruvate, a central metabolite of BVOC synthesis, enabled online detection of carbon partitioning into 13C-BVOCs and respiratory 13CO2. Measurements of trace gas emissions of the Mediterranean shrub Halimium halimifolium revealed a broad range of emitted BVOCs. In general, [2-13C]-PYR was rapidly incorporated into emitted acetic acid, methyl acetate, toluene, cresol, trimethylbenzene, ethylphenol, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, indicating de novo BVOC biosynthesis of these compounds. In contrast, [1-13C]-pyruvate labelling substantially increased 13CO2 emissions in the light indicating C1-decarboxylation. Similar labelling patterns of methyl acetate and acetic acid suggested tightly connected biosynthetic pathways and, furthermore, there were hints of possible biosynthesis of benzenoids via the MEP-pathway. Overall, substantial CO2 emission from metabolic branching points during de novo BVOC biosynthesis indicated that decarboxylation of [1-13C]-pyruvate, as a non-mitochondrial source of CO2, seems to contribute considerably to daytime CO2 release from leaves. Our approach, combining synchronised BVOC and CO2 measurements in combination with position-specific labelling opens the door for real-time analysis tracing metabolic pathways and carbon turnover under different environmental conditions, which may enhance our understanding of regulatory mechanisms in plant carbon metabolism and BVOC biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Fasbender
- Ecosystem Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ana Maria Yáñez-Serrano
- Ecosystem Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kreuzwieser
- Ecosystem Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - David Dubbert
- Ecosystem Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christiane Werner
- Ecosystem Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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45
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Wang B, Shuman J, Shugart HH, Lerdau MT. Biodiversity matters in feedbacks between climate change and air quality: a study using an individual-based model. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2018; 28:1223-1231. [PMID: 29603469 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Air quality is closely associated with climate change via the biosphere because plants release large quantities of volatile organic compounds (VOC) that mediate both gaseous pollutants and aerosol dynamics. Earlier studies, which considered only leaf physiology and simply scale up from leaf-level enhancements of emissions, suggest that climate warming enhances whole forest VOC emissions, and these increased VOC emissions aggravate ozone pollution and secondary organic aerosol formation. Using an individual-based forest VOC emissions model, UVAFME-VOC, that simulates system-level emissions by explicitly simulating forest community dynamics to the individual tree level, ecological competition among the individuals of differing size and age, and radiative transfer and leaf function through the canopy, we find that climate warming only sometimes stimulates isoprene emissions (the single largest source of non-methane hydrocarbon) in a southeastern U.S. forest. These complex patterns result from the combination of higher temperatures' stimulating emissions at the leaf level but decreasing the abundance of isoprene-emitting taxa at the community level by causing a decline in the abundance of isoprene-emitting species (Quercus spp.). This ecological effect eventually outweighs the physiological one, thus reducing overall emissions. Such reduced emissions have far-reaching implications for the climate-air-quality relationships that have been established on the paradigm of warming-enhancement VOC emissions from vegetation. This local scale modeling study suggests that community ecology rather than only individual physiology should be integrated into future studies of biosphere-climate-chemistry interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 400123, Clark Hall, 291 McCormick Road, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22904, USA
| | - Jacquelyn Shuman
- Terrestrial Sciences Section, Climate and Global Dynamics, National Center for Atmospheric Research, 1850 Table Mesa Drive, Boulder, Colorado, 80305, USA
| | - Herman H Shugart
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 400123, Clark Hall, 291 McCormick Road, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22904, USA
| | - Manuel T Lerdau
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 400123, Clark Hall, 291 McCormick Road, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22904, USA
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Microbial cycling of isoprene, the most abundantly produced biological volatile organic compound on Earth. ISME JOURNAL 2018; 12:931-941. [PMID: 29463892 PMCID: PMC5864225 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-018-0072-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Isoprene (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene), the most abundantly produced biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) on Earth, is highly reactive and can have diverse and often detrimental atmospheric effects, which impact on climate and health. Most isoprene is produced by terrestrial plants, but (micro)algal production is important in aquatic environments, and the relative bacterial contribution remains unknown. Soils are a sink for isoprene, and bacteria that can use isoprene as a carbon and energy source have been cultivated and also identified using cultivation-independent methods from soils, leaves and coastal/marine environments. Bacteria belonging to the Actinobacteria are most frequently isolated and identified, and Proteobacteria have also been shown to degrade isoprene. In the freshwater-sediment isolate, Rhodococcus strain AD45, initial oxidation of isoprene to 1,2-epoxy-isoprene is catalyzed by a multicomponent isoprene monooxygenase encoded by the genes isoABCDEF. The resultant epoxide is converted to a glutathione conjugate by a glutathione S-transferase encoded by isoI, and further degraded by enzymes encoded by isoGHJ. Genome sequence analysis of actinobacterial isolates belonging to the genera Rhodococcus, Mycobacterium and Gordonia has revealed that isoABCDEF and isoGHIJ are linked in an operon, either on a plasmid or the chromosome. In Rhodococcus strain AD45 both isoprene and epoxy-isoprene induce a high level of transcription of 22 contiguous genes, including isoABCDEF and isoGHIJ. Sequence analysis of the isoA gene, encoding the large subunit of the oxygenase component of isoprene monooxygenase, from isolates has facilitated the development of PCR primers that are proving valuable in investigating the ecology of uncultivated isoprene-degrading bacteria.
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47
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Yuan X, Shang B, Xu Y, Xin Y, Tian Y, Feng Z, Paoletti E. No significant interactions between nitrogen stimulation and ozone inhibition of isoprene emission in Cathay poplar. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 601-602:222-229. [PMID: 28554113 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Isoprene emission from plants subject to a combination of ozone (O3) and nitrogen (N) has never been investigated. Cathay poplar (Populus cathayana) saplings were exposed to O3 (CF, charcoal-filtered air, NF, non-filtered ambient air and E-O3, non-filtered air +40ppb) and N treatments (N0, 0kgNha-1year-1, N50, 50kgNha-1year-1 and N100, 100kgNha-1year-1) for 96days. Increasing O3 exposure decreased isoprene emission (11.5% in NF and 57.9% in E-O3), as well as light-saturated photosynthetic rate (Asat) and chlorophyll content, while N load increased isoprene emission (19.6% in N50 and 33.4% in N100) as well as Asat and chlorophyll content. Although O3 and N interacted significantly in Asat, N did not mitigate the negative effects of O3 on isoprene emission, i.e. the combined effects were additive and did not interact. These results warrant more research on the combined effects of co-existing global change factors on future isoprene emission and atmospheric chemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Bo Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yansen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yue Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- School of Food, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.
| | - Elena Paoletti
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
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48
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Li M, Xu J, Algarra Alarcon A, Carlin S, Barbaro E, Cappellin L, Velikova V, Vrhovsek U, Loreto F, Varotto C. In Planta Recapitulation of Isoprene Synthase Evolution from Ocimene Synthases. Mol Biol Evol 2017; 34:2583-2599. [PMID: 28637270 PMCID: PMC5850473 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msx178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoprene is the most abundant biogenic volatile hydrocarbon compound naturally emitted by plants and plays a major role in atmospheric chemistry. It has been proposed that isoprene synthases (IspS) may readily evolve from other terpene synthases, but this hypothesis has not been experimentally investigated. We isolated and functionally validated in Arabidopsis the first isoprene synthase gene, AdoIspS, from a monocotyledonous species (Arundo donax L., Poaceae). Phylogenetic reconstruction indicates that AdoIspS and dicots isoprene synthases most likely originated by parallel evolution from TPS-b monoterpene synthases. Site-directed mutagenesis demonstrated invivo the functional and evolutionary relevance of the residues considered diagnostic for IspS function. One of these positions was identified by saturating mutagenesis as a major determinant of substrate specificity in AdoIspS able to cause invivo a dramatic change in total volatile emission from hemi- to monoterpenes and supporting evolution of isoprene synthases from ocimene synthases. The mechanism responsible for IspS neofunctionalization by active site size modulation by a single amino acid mutation demonstrated in this study might be general, as the very same amino acidic position is implicated in the parallel evolution of different short-chain terpene synthases from both angiosperms and gymnosperms. Based on these results, we present a model reconciling in a unified conceptual framework the apparently contrasting patterns previously observed for isoprene synthase evolution in plants. These results indicate that parallel evolution may be driven by relatively simple biophysical constraints, and illustrate the intimate molecular evolutionary links between the structural and functional bases of traits with global relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingai Li
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige (TN), Italy
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige (TN), Italy
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alberto Algarra Alarcon
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, San Michele all’Adige (TN), Italy
- Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Silvia Carlin
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, San Michele all’Adige (TN), Italy
| | - Enrico Barbaro
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige (TN), Italy
| | - Luca Cappellin
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, San Michele all’Adige (TN), Italy
| | - Violeta Velikova
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige (TN), Italy
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, San Michele all’Adige (TN), Italy
| | - Francesco Loreto
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, The National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Varotto
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige (TN), Italy
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49
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Abstract
![]()
The
year 2017 marks the twentieth anniversary of terpenoid cyclase
structural biology: a trio of terpenoid cyclase structures reported
together in 1997 were the first to set the foundation for understanding
the enzymes largely responsible for the exquisite chemodiversity of
more than 80000 terpenoid natural products. Terpenoid cyclases catalyze
the most complex chemical reactions in biology, in that more than
half of the substrate carbon atoms undergo changes in bonding and
hybridization during a single enzyme-catalyzed cyclization reaction.
The past two decades have witnessed structural, functional, and computational
studies illuminating the modes of substrate activation that initiate
the cyclization cascade, the management and manipulation of high-energy
carbocation intermediates that propagate the cyclization cascade,
and the chemical strategies that terminate the cyclization cascade.
The role of the terpenoid cyclase as a template for catalysis is paramount
to its function, and protein engineering can be used to reprogram
the cyclization cascade to generate alternative and commercially important
products. Here, I review key advances in terpenoid cyclase structural
and chemical biology, focusing mainly on terpenoid cyclases and related
prenyltransferases for which X-ray crystal structures have informed
and advanced our understanding of enzyme structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Christianson
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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50
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Fini A, Brunetti C, Loreto F, Centritto M, Ferrini F, Tattini M. Isoprene Responses and Functions in Plants Challenged by Environmental Pressures Associated to Climate Change. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1281. [PMID: 28798754 PMCID: PMC5526906 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The functional reasons for isoprene emission are still a matter of hot debate. It was hypothesized that isoprene biosynthesis evolved as an ancestral mechanism in plants adapted to high water availability, to cope with transient and recurrent oxidative stresses during their water-to-land transition. There is a tight association between isoprene emission and species hygrophily, suggesting that isoprene emission may be a favorable trait to cope with occasional exposure to stresses in mesic environments. The suite of morpho-anatomical traits does not allow a conservative water use in hygrophilic mesophytes challenged by the environmental pressures imposed or exacerbated by drought and heat stress. There is evidence that in stressed plants the biosynthesis of isoprene is uncoupled from photosynthesis. Because the biosynthesis of isoprene is costly, the great investment of carbon and energy into isoprene must have relevant functional reasons. Isoprene is effective in preserving the integrity of thylakoid membranes, not only through direct interaction with their lipid acyl chains, but also by up-regulating proteins associated with photosynthetic complexes and enhancing the biosynthesis of relevant membrane components, such as mono- and di-galactosyl-diacyl glycerols and unsaturated fatty acids. Isoprene may additionally protect photosynthetic membranes by scavenging reactive oxygen species. Here we explore the mode of actions and the potential significance of isoprene in the response of hygrophilic plants when challenged by severe stress conditions associated to rapid climate change in temperate climates, with special emphasis to the concomitant effect of drought and heat. We suggest that isoprene emission may be not a good estimate for its biosynthesis and concentration in severely droughted leaves, being the internal concentration of isoprene the important trait for stress protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Fini
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences – Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of MilanMilan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Brunetti
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Science, National Research Council of Italy, Trees and Timber InstituteSesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences, University of FlorenceFlorence, Italy
| | - Francesco Loreto
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Science, National Research Council of ItalyRome, Italy
| | - Mauro Centritto
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Science, National Research Council of Italy, Trees and Timber InstituteSesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Francesco Ferrini
- Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences, University of FlorenceFlorence, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Tattini
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Science, National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Sustainable Plant ProtectionSesto Fiorentino, Italy
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