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Li ZX, Wang DX, Shi WX, Weng BY, Zhang Z, Su SH, Sun YF, Tan JF, Xiao S, Xie RH. Nitrogen-mediated volatilisation of defensive metabolites in tomato confers resistance to herbivores. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:3227-3240. [PMID: 38738504 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Plants synthesise a vast array of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which serve as chemical defence and communication agents in their interactions with insect herbivores. Although nitrogen (N) is a critical resource in the production of plant metabolites, its regulatory effects on defensive VOCs remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the effect of N content in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) on the tobacco cutworm (Spodoptera litura), a notorious agricultural pest, using biochemical and molecular experiments in combination with insect behavioural and performance analyses. We observed that on tomato leaves with different N contents, S. litura showed distinct feeding preference and growth and developmental performance. Particularly, metabolomics profiling revealed that limited N availability conferred resistance upon tomato plants to S. litura is likely associated with the biosynthesis and emission of the volatile metabolite α-humulene as a repellent. Moreover, exogenous application of α-humulene on tomato leaves elicited a significant repellent response against herbivores. Thus, our findings unravel the key factors involved in N-mediated plant defence against insect herbivores and pave the way for innovation of N management to improve the plant defence responses to facilitate pest control strategies within agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Xing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dan-Xia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wen-Xuan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bo-Yang Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- General Management Office, Shennong Technology Group Co., Ltd, Jinzhong, China
| | - Shi-Hao Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu-Fei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jin-Fang Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ruo-Han Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
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Mathieu L, Ballini E, Morel JB, Méteignier LV. The root of plant-plant interactions: Belowground special cocktails. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 80:102547. [PMID: 38749206 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Plants interact with each other via a multitude of processes among which belowground communication facilitated by specialized metabolites plays an important but overlooked role. Until now, the exact targets, modes of action, and resulting phenotypes that these metabolites induce in neighboring plants have remained largely unknown. Moreover, positive interactions driven by the release of root exudates are prevalent in both natural field conditions and controlled laboratory environments. In particular, intraspecific positive interactions suggest a genotypic recognition mechanism in addition to non-self perception in plant roots. This review concentrates on recent discoveries regarding how plants interact with one another through belowground signals in intra- and interspecific mixtures. Furthermore, we elaborate on how an enhanced understanding of these interactions can propel the field of agroecology forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mathieu
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Elsa Ballini
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Benoit Morel
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Louis-Valentin Méteignier
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France.
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Kiran NR, Narayanan AK, Mohapatra S, Gupta P, Nagegowda DA. Analysis of root volatiles and functional characterization of a root-specific germacrene A synthase in Artemisia pallens. PLANTA 2024; 259:58. [PMID: 38308700 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04334-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION The study demonstrated that Artemisia pallens roots can be a source of terpene-rich essential oil and root-specific ApTPS1 forms germacrene A contributing to major root volatiles. Davana (Artemisia pallens Bess) is a valuable aromatic herb within the Asteraceae family, highly prized for its essential oil (EO) produced in the aerial parts. However, the root volatile composition, and the genes responsible for root volatiles have remained unexplored until now. Here, we show that A. pallens roots possess distinct oil bodies and yields ~ 0.05% of EO, which is primarily composed of sesquiterpenes β-elemene, neryl isovalerate, β-selinene, and α-selinene, and trace amounts of monoterpenes β-myrcene, D-limonene. This shows that, besides aerial parts, roots of davana can also be a source of unique EO. Moreover, we functionally characterized a terpene synthase (ApTPS1) that exhibited high in silico expression in the root transcriptome. The recombinant ApTPS1 showed the formation of β-elemene and germacrene A with E,E-farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) as a substrate. Detailed analysis of assay products revealed that β-elemene was the thermal rearrangement product of germacrene A. The functional expression of ApTPS1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae confirmed the in vivo germacrene A synthase activity of ApTPS1. At the transcript level, ApTPS1 displayed predominant expression in roots, with significantly lower level of expression in other tissues. This expression pattern of ApTPS1 positively correlated with the tissue-specific accumulation level of germacrene A. Overall, these findings provide fundamental insights into the EO profile of davana roots, and the contribution of ApTPS1 in the formation of a major root volatile.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Kiran
- Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology Lab, CSIR-CIMAP Research Centre, Bengaluru, 560065, India
| | - Ananth Krishna Narayanan
- Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology Lab, CSIR-CIMAP Research Centre, Bengaluru, 560065, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Soumyajit Mohapatra
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Priyanka Gupta
- Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology Lab, CSIR-CIMAP Research Centre, Bengaluru, 560065, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Dinesh A Nagegowda
- Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology Lab, CSIR-CIMAP Research Centre, Bengaluru, 560065, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Su GF, Chen J, Zhang L. The associational effects of host plant and mistletoe functional traits on leaf herbivory in mistletoe. Oecologia 2024; 204:213-225. [PMID: 38194086 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05508-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Associational effects are a phenomenon in which herbivore damage on co-occurring plant species is influenced by neighboring plants. Mistletoes are a group of shrubs that obtain nutrients from host plants through haustoria. Despite the potential for mistletoe herbivory to be affected by associational effects with their hosts, the effects of host and mistletoe functional traits on mistletoe herbivory have been largely overlooked. This study aimed to evaluate the associational effects of host plants and the direct effects of mistletoe functional traits on mistletoe herbivory. To achieve this, we measured leaf herbivory and leaf traits of three mistletoe species (Dendrophthoe pentandra, Scurrula chingii var. yunnanensis, and Helixanthera parasitica) and their associated 11 host species during both dry and wet seasons. Our results showed that leaf herbivory of D. pentandra and S. chingii var. yunnanensis differed significantly on their respective host species, but H. parasitica did not. The relationships between mistletoe and the paired host herbivory differed between seasons, with a stronger positive relationship observed during the dry season. Furthermore, significant relationships were observed between paired leaf carbon, leaf nitrogen, and condensed tannin in mistletoes and their host plants, indicating that host plants can affect mistletoes' leaf functional traits. A group of mistletoe leaf traits provided significant predictions for leaf herbivory: leaves with higher leaf thickness and leaf total nitrogen showed higher herbivory. Overall, our study reveals that mistletoe leaf herbivory is directly affected by its leaf traits and indirectly affected by host associational effects, primarily through changes in mistletoes' leaf traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Fa Su
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 65000, Yunnan, China
| | - Jin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China.
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Zixuan Z, Rongping D, Yingying Z, Yueyue L, Jiajing Z, Yue J, Tan M, Zengxu X. The phenotypic variation mechanisms of Atractylodes lancea post-cultivation revealed by conjoint analysis of rhizomic transcriptome and metabolome. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 203:108025. [PMID: 37722282 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
The wild Atractylodes lancea rhizomes have been traditionally used as herbal medicine. As the increasingly exhaustion of wild A. lancea, the artificial cultivation mainly contributed to the medicinal material production. However, besides the phenotypic variation of rhizome phenotypic trait alteration, the qualities of cultivated A. lancea decrease compared with the wild counterpart. To unveil the physiological and molecular mechanism beneath the phenotypic variation, GC-MS-based volatile organic compounds (VOCs) profiling and RNAseq-based transcriptome analysis were conducted. The volatile metabolomics profiling revealed 65 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) while the transcriptomic profiling identified 12 009 differentially expressed unigenes (DEGs) post-cultivation. The volatile active compounds including atractylone, and eudesmol accumulated more in wild rhizome than in the cultivated counterpart, and several unigenes in terpene synthesis were downregulated under cultivated condition. Compared with the wild A. lancea rhizome, the contents of bioactive Jasmonic Acid (JAs) in cultivated A. lancea rhizome were higher, and evidences that JAs negatively regulate the terpenes biosynthesis in the cultivated A. lancea rhizome were also provided. The combinational omics analysis further indicated the high correlation between the ten cultivation-suppressed VOCs and the cultivation-altered genes for sesquiterpenoids biosynthesis in A. lancea. The network of the cultivation-altered transcription factors (TFs) and the ten VOCs suggested TFs (e.g. Arabidopsis ERF13 homologs and WRKY50) are involved in the regulation of terpenes biosynthesis. These results laid a theoretical basis for developing geo-herbalism medicinal plants with "high quality and optimal shape".
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Zixuan
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ding Rongping
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zhang Yingying
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Liao Yueyue
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zhao Jiajing
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jia Yue
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Mingpu Tan
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiang Zengxu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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6
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Holmes KD, Getman-Pickering ZL, Mudrak EL, Power AG. Plant susceptibility to a shared herbivore is reduced by belowground competition with neighbors. Oecologia 2023; 203:113-124. [PMID: 37831152 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05454-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Spatial variation in plant community composition is an important driver of variation in susceptibility to herbivores. In close proximity, certain neighbors can attract or repel herbivores to a focal plant ("associational effects"). Neighboring plants may also compete for resources, modifying their phenotype in ways that affect susceptibility to herbivores. To test whether and how competition contributes to associational effects, we manipulated the sharing of belowground resources among plant neighbors (spotted Joe Pye weed and common boneset) that serve as alternate hosts for an herbivorous beetle. In the field, the beetle Ophraella notata laid more eggs and inflicted more damage on plants of both species that were released from belowground competition with neighbors. Competition also weakened the effects of neighbor identity during field trials, reducing associational susceptibility. When beetles were forced to choose between the two host species in cage trials, competition again reduced beetle use of Joe Pye weed as a secondary host. To test the role of plant traits related to herbivore defense and nutrition, we quantified leaf protein, specific leaf area, and trichomes, and conducted behavioral assays on leaf disks. Beetles did not distinguish between Joe Pye weed treatments at the leaf disk level, and competition did not impact specific leaf area and protein. Trichome density was higher in both species in the preferred treatment. Overall, our results suggest that belowground interactions between plants may mediate the strength of associational effects, as secondary hosts become more attractive when released from competition with primary host plants.
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7
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Song Y, Sun L, Wang H, Zhang S, Fan K, Mao Y, Zhang J, Han X, Chen H, Xu Y, Sun K, Ding Z, Wang Y. Enzymatic fermentation of rapeseed cake significantly improved the soil environment of tea rhizosphere. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:250. [PMID: 37679671 PMCID: PMC10483718 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02995-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapeseed cake is an important agricultural waste. After enzymatic fermentation, rapeseed cake not only has specific microbial diversity but also contains a lot of fatty acids, organic acids, amino acids and their derivatives, which has potential value as a high-quality organic fertilizer. However, the effects of fermented rapeseed cake on tea rhizosphere microorganisms and soil metabolites have not been reported. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the effect of enzymatic rapeseed cake fertilizer on the soil of tea tree, and to reveal the correlation between rhizosphere soil microorganisms and nutrients/metabolites. RESULTS The results showed that: (1) The application of enzymatic rapeseed cake increased the contents of soil organic matter (OM), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), available nitrogen (AN), and available phosphorus (AP); increased the activities of soil urease (S-UE), soil catalase (S-CAT), soil acid phosphatase (S-ACP) and soil sucrase (S-SC); (2) The application of enzymatic rapeseed cake increased the relative abundance of beneficial rhizosphere microorganisms such as Chaetomium, Inocybe, Pseudoxanthomonas, Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas, and Stenotrophomonas; (3) The application of enzymatic rapeseed cake increased the contents of sugar, organic acid, and fatty acid in soil, and the key metabolic pathways were concentrated in sugar and fatty acid metabolisms; (4) The application of enzymatic rapeseed cake promoted the metabolism of sugar, organic acid, and fatty acid in soil by key rhizosphere microorganisms; enzymes and microorganisms jointly regulated the metabolic pathways of sugar and fatty acids in soil. CONCLUSIONS Enzymatic rapeseed cake fertilizer improved the nutrient status and microbial structure of tea rhizosphere soil, which was beneficial for enhancing soil productivity in tea plantations. These findings provide new insights into the use of enzymatic rapeseed cake as an efficient organic fertilizer and expand its potential for application in tea plantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Song
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Litao Sun
- Tea Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Shuning Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Kai Fan
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yilin Mao
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Kangwei Sun
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Zhaotang Ding
- Tea Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China.
| | - Yu Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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8
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Kutty NN, Mishra M. Dynamic distress calls: volatile info chemicals induce and regulate defense responses during herbivory. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1135000. [PMID: 37416879 PMCID: PMC10322200 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1135000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Plants are continuously threatened by a plethora of biotic stresses caused by microbes, pathogens, and pests, which often act as the major constraint in crop productivity. To overcome such attacks, plants have evolved with an array of constitutive and induced defense mechanisms- morphological, biochemical, and molecular. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a class of specialized metabolites that are naturally emitted by plants and play an important role in plant communication and signaling. During herbivory and mechanical damage, plants also emit an exclusive blend of volatiles often referred to as herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs). The composition of this unique aroma bouquet is dependent upon the plant species, developmental stage, environment, and herbivore species. HIPVs emitted from infested and non-infested plant parts can prime plant defense responses by various mechanisms such as redox, systemic and jasmonate signaling, activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, and transcription factors; mediate histone modifications; and can also modulate the interactions with natural enemies via direct and indirect mechanisms. These specific volatile cues mediate allelopathic interactions leading to altered transcription of defense-related genes, viz., proteinase inhibitors, amylase inhibitors in neighboring plants, and enhanced levels of defense-related secondary metabolites like terpenoids and phenolic compounds. These factors act as deterrents to feeding insects, attract parasitoids, and provoke behavioral changes in plants and their neighboring species. This review presents an overview of the plasticity identified in HIPVs and their role as regulators of plant defense in Solanaceous plants. The selective emission of green leaf volatiles (GLVs) including hexanal and its derivatives, terpenes, methyl salicylate, and methyl jasmonate (MeJa) inducing direct and indirect defense responses during an attack from phloem-sucking and leaf-chewing pests is discussed. Furthermore, we also focus on the recent developments in the field of metabolic engineering focused on modulation of the volatile bouquet to improve plant defenses.
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Escobar-Bravo R, Lin PA, Waterman JM, Erb M. Dynamic environmental interactions shaped by vegetative plant volatiles. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:840-865. [PMID: 36727645 PMCID: PMC10132087 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00061j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Covering: up to November 2022Plants shape terrestrial ecosystems through physical and chemical interactions. Plant-derived volatile organic compounds in particular influence the behavior and performance of other organisms. In this review, we discuss how vegetative plant volatiles derived from leaves, stems and roots are produced and released into the environment, how their production and release is modified by abiotic and biotic factors, and how they influence other organisms. Vegetative plant volatiles are derived from different biosynthesis and degradation pathways and are released via distinct routes. Both biosynthesis and release are regulated by other organisms as well as abiotic factors. In turn, vegetative plant volatiles modify the physiology and the behavior of a wide range of organisms, from microbes to mammals. Several concepts and frameworks can help to explain and predict the evolution and ecology of vegetative plant volatile emission patterns of specific pathways: multifunctionality of specialized metabolites, chemical communication displays and the information arms race, and volatile physiochemistry. We discuss how these frameworks can be leveraged to understand the evolution and expression patterns of vegetative plant volatiles. The multifaceted roles of vegetative plant volatiles provide fertile grounds to understand ecosystem dynamics and harness their power for sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Po-An Lin
- Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jamie M Waterman
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Matthias Erb
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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10
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Karalija E, Šamec D, Dahija S, Ibragić S. Plants strike back: Plant volatiles and their role in indirect defence against aphids. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e13850. [PMID: 36628570 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
As sessile organisms, plants have evolved different strategies to defend themselves against various biotic stressors. An important aspect of the complex response of plants to biotic stress is the emission of volatile compounds (VOCs), which are involved in direct and indirect plant defence mechanisms. Indirect plant defences include a range of plant traits that mediate defence against herbivores and play an important ecological role by not only utilising plants' own capabilities, but also signalling and attracting natural enemies of herbivores. Often the combination of volatiles emitted is specific to herbivores; they are consequently recognised by parasites and other predators, providing a clear link between the volatile signature and the prey. In this review, we focus on indirect plant defence and summarise current knowledge and perspectives on relationships between plants, aphids and parasitic wasps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erna Karalija
- Laboratory for Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Dunja Šamec
- Department of Food Technology, University North, Koprivnica, Croatia
| | - Sabina Dahija
- Laboratory for Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Saida Ibragić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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11
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LI L, JIA X, QIN L. Advances in the study of key genes and transcription factors regulating the mevalonate synthesis pathway in Edible and medicinal plants. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.127922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei LI
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-technology for Dendrobium Nobile, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, China; Zunyi Medical University, China
| | - Xiaohuan JIA
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-technology for Dendrobium Nobile, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, China; Zunyi Medical University, China
| | - Lin QIN
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-technology for Dendrobium Nobile, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, China; Zunyi Medical University, China
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12
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Liu X, Bezemer TM. Current and legacy effects of neighborhood communities on plant growth and aboveground herbivory. Basic Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2022.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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13
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Song Y, Sun L, Zhang S, Fan K, Wang H, Shi Y, Shen Y, Wang W, Zhang J, Han X, Mao Y, Wang Y, Ding Z. Enzymes and microorganisms jointly promote the fermentation of rapeseed cake. Front Nutr 2022; 9:989410. [PMID: 36185678 PMCID: PMC9521174 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.989410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapeseed cake is a by-product of rapeseed oil separation. The nutritional components of rapeseed cake mainly include a variety of carbohydrates, proteins, and minerals. In order to improve the conversion rate of rapeseed cake, we studied the physicochemical properties, the structure of microbial communities, and the composition of metabolites in rapeseed cake after enzymatic fermentation. The results showed that the addition of enzymatic preparation increased microbial diversity. The relative abundance of Bacillus, Lysinibacillus, Empedobacter, Debaryomyces, Hyphopichia, and Komagataella in enzymatic fermentation was significantly higher than that in natural fermentation. Unlike natural fermentation, microbial diversity during enzymatic fermentation is specific, which improves the efficiency of fermentation. Otherwise, enzymatic fermentation promotes the conversion of macromolecular substances in rapeseed cake, which increases small metabolites, such as fatty acids, organic acids, amino acids and their derivatives. The metabolite enrichment pathway is mostly concentrated in sugar metabolism and fatty acid metabolism. In conclusion, after adding enzymatic preparation, enzymes and microorganisms jointly promote the transformation of macromolecules during the fermentation of rapeseed cake, which laid a good foundation for further utilization of rapeseed cake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Song
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Litao Sun
- Tea Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Shuning Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Kai Fan
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yujie Shi
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yaozong Shen
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenmei Wang
- Co-construction Service Center of Three Districts in Taolin Town, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yilin Mao
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Yu Wang,
| | - Zhaotang Ding
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Tea Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- Zhaotang Ding,
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14
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Oburger E, Schmidt H, Staudinger C. Harnessing belowground processes for sustainable intensification of agricultural systems. PLANT AND SOIL 2022; 478:177-209. [PMID: 36277079 PMCID: PMC9579094 DOI: 10.1007/s11104-022-05508-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Increasing food demand coupled with climate change pose a great challenge to agricultural systems. In this review we summarize recent advances in our knowledge of how plants, together with their associated microbiota, shape rhizosphere processes. We address (molecular) mechanisms operating at the plant-microbe-soil interface and aim to link this knowledge with actual and potential avenues for intensifying agricultural systems, while at the same time reducing irrigation water, fertilizer inputs and pesticide use. Combining in-depth knowledge about above and belowground plant traits will not only significantly advance our mechanistic understanding of involved processes but also allow for more informed decisions regarding agricultural practices and plant breeding. Including belowground plant-soil-microbe interactions in our breeding efforts will help to select crops resilient to abiotic and biotic environmental stresses and ultimately enable us to produce sufficient food in a more sustainable agriculture in the upcoming decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Oburger
- Department of Forest and Soil Science, Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad Lorenzstrasse 24, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Hannes Schmidt
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christiana Staudinger
- Department of Forest and Soil Science, Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad Lorenzstrasse 24, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama 1-7-1, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
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15
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Ling S, Rizvi SAH, Xiong T, Liu J, Gu Y, Wang S, Zeng X. Volatile Signals From Guava Plants Prime Defense Signaling and Increase Jasmonate-Dependent Herbivore Resistance in Neighboring Citrus Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:833562. [PMID: 35371180 PMCID: PMC8965645 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.833562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Intercropping can reduce agricultural pest incidence and represents an important sustainable alternative to conventional pest control methods. Citrus intercropped with guava (Psidium guajava L.) has a lower incidence of Asian citrus psyllid (ACP, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama) and huanglongbing disease (HLB), but the mechanisms are still unknown. In this study, we tested whether volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by guava plants play a role in plant-plant communications and trigger defense responses in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) in the laboratory. The results showed that the behavioral preference and developmental performance of ACP on citrus plants that were exposed to guava VOCs were suppressed. The expression of defense-related pathways involved in early signaling, jasmonate (JA) biosynthesis, protease inhibitor (PI), terpenoid, phenylpropanoid, and flavonoid biosynthesis was induced in guava VOC-exposed citrus plants. Headspace analysis revealed that guava plants constitutively emit high levels of (E)-β-caryophyllene and (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT), which can induce the accumulation of JA and promote stronger defense responses of citrus to ACP feeding. In addition, exposure to guava VOCs also increased the indirect defense of citrus by attracting the parasitic wasp Tamarixia radiata. Together, our findings indicate that citrus plants can eavesdrop on the VOC cues emitted by neighboring intact guava plants to boost their JA-dependent anti-herbivore activities. The knowledge gained from this study will provide mechanisms underlying citrus-guava intercropping for the ecological management of insect pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siquan Ling
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Insect Behavior Regulation, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Syed Arif Hussain Rizvi
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Insect Behavior Regulation, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Insect Pest Management Program, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ting Xiong
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Insect Behavior Regulation, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiali Liu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Insect Behavior Regulation, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanping Gu
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siwei Wang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Insect Behavior Regulation, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinnian Zeng
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Insect Behavior Regulation, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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16
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Tiwari M, Kumar R, Min D, Jagadish SVK. Genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying root architecture and function under heat stress-A hidden story. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:771-788. [PMID: 35043409 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress events are resulting in a significant negative impact on global food production. The dynamics of cellular, molecular and physiological homoeostasis in aboveground parts under heat stress are extensively deciphered. However, root responses to higher soil/air temperature or stress signalling from shoot to root are limited. Therefore, this review presents a holistic view of root physio-morphological and molecular responses to adapt under hotter environments. Heat stress reprogrammes root cellular machinery, including crosstalk between genes, phytohormones, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants. Spatio-temporal regulation and long-distance transport of phytohormones, such as auxin, cytokinin and abscisic acid (ABA) determine the root growth and development under heat stress. ABA cardinally integrates a signalling pathway involving heat shock factors, heat shock proteins and ROS to govern heat stress responses. Additionally, epigenetic modifications by transposable elements, DNA methylation and acetylation also regulate root growth under heat stress. Exogenous application of chemical compounds or biological agents such as ascorbic acid, metal ion chelators, fungi and bacteria can alleviate heat stress-induced reduction in root biomass. Future research should focus on the systemic effect of heat stress from shoot to root with more detailed investigations to decipher the molecular cues underlying the roots architecture and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Tiwari
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Ritesh Kumar
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Doohong Min
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
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17
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Pan Y, Wang Z, Zhao SW, Wang X, Li YS, Liu JN, Wang S, Xi JH. The herbivore-induced plant volatile tetradecane enhances plant resistance to Holotrichia parallela larvae in maize roots. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:550-560. [PMID: 34585511 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many herbivore-induced volatiles have been proven to act as signaling compounds to regulate nearby plant defense responses. However, the precise roles of key volatiles produced by maize roots after Holotrichia parallela larva feeding remain largely unknown. RESULTS We investigated changes in phytohormones and volatiles in maize roots after H. parallela larval infestation. Marked increases in the phytohormone jasmonic acid (JA) and the volatiles jasmone and tetradecane were induced by herbivores, whereas the salicylic acid content decreased. In addition, pre-exposure to tetradecane markedly increased the levels of the stress hormone JA, its precursors and derivatives, and related gene expression. In addition, pre-exposure altered the production of defensive benzoxazinoid secondary metabolites, resulting in increased plant resistance to H. parallela larvae. Plants pre-exposed to jasmone did not differ from control plants. In addition, bioassays showed that H. parallela larval growth was suppressed by feeding maize roots after pre-exposure to tetradecane. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that tetradecane may function as a potent defense induction signal that prepares neighboring plants for incoming attacks. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Pan
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhun Wang
- Changchun Customs Technology Center, Changchun, China
| | - Shi-Wen Zhao
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yun-Shuo Li
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jia-Nan Liu
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shang Wang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing-Hui Xi
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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18
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Sun H, Zuo X, Zhang Q, Gao J, Kai G. Elicitation of ( E)-2-Hexenal and 2,3-Butanediol on the Bioactive Compounds in Adventitious Roots of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:470-479. [PMID: 34985895 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the elicitation of volatile organic compounds (E)-2-hexenal and 2,3-butanediol on bioactive metabolites in Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus adventitious root cultures by adding them into the medium. The experiment was performed for 72 h and the roots were dynamically sampled for quantification of representative astragaloside IV, calycosin-7-O-β-d-glucoside (CG), ononin, and the gene expression. Compared with the controls, the combination of 2,3-butanediol and (E)-2-hexenal advanced the peak accumulation of astragaloside IV and was the most effective, but their individual application delayed it. Meanwhile, 2,3-butanediol and (E)-2-hexenal had no obviously promoting effect on the production of CG and ononin but chronologically changed their accumulation patterns. The underlying mechanism was uncovered by the correlation analysis between the metabolites and the gene expression, as did the identification of the target genes. Collectively, 2,3-butanediol and (E)-2-hexenal were important cues shaping the production of bioactive products in the herbal plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Xinyu Zuo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Qingqing Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Jianping Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030060, China
| | - Guoyin Kai
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
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19
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Brosset A, Blande JD. Volatile-mediated plant-plant interactions: volatile organic compounds as modulators of receiver plant defence, growth, and reproduction. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:511-528. [PMID: 34791168 PMCID: PMC8757495 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
It is firmly established that plants respond to biotic and abiotic stimuli by emitting volatile organic compounds (VOCs). These VOCs provide information on the physiological status of the emitter plant and are available for detection by the whole community. In the context of plant-plant interactions, research has focused mostly on the defence-related responses of receiver plants. However, responses may span hormone signalling and both primary and secondary metabolism, and ultimately affect plant fitness. Here we present a synthesis of plant-plant interactions, focusing on the effects of VOC exposure on receiver plants. An overview of the important chemical cues, the uptake and conversion of VOCs, and the adsorption of VOCs to plant surfaces is presented. This is followed by a review of the substantial VOC-induced changes to receiver plants affecting both primary and secondary metabolism and influencing plant growth and reproduction. Further research should consider whole-plant responses for the effective evaluation of the mechanisms and fitness consequences of exposure of the receiver plant to VOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Brosset
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1 E, P.O. Box 1627, Kuopio FIN-70211, Finland
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20
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Chemical Diversity between Three Graminoid Plants Found in Western Kenya Analyzed by Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10112423. [PMID: 34834786 PMCID: PMC8617917 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In recent work, it was shown that the graminoid plants Cynodon dactylon (Poaceae), Cyperus exaltatus (Cyperaceae), and Panicum repens (Poaceae) have an ovipositional effect on the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae in olfactometric bioassays. In order to get a view of the diversity of semiochemicals present in the environment of the vector during olfactometric trials, in the present work, the volatile profiles of these graminoid plants were analyzed using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) together with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In addition, one-way ANOVA comparison of compounds detected in two or more headspace samples are presented in order to provide a basis for comparison of compounds that could constitute a starting point for novel blends of volatile organic compounds to be tested as oviposition attractants.
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21
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Rosenkranz M, Chen Y, Zhu P, Vlot AC. Volatile terpenes - mediators of plant-to-plant communication. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 108:617-631. [PMID: 34369010 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants interact with other organisms employing volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The largest group of plant-released VOCs are terpenes, comprised of isoprene, monoterpenes, and sesquiterpenes. Mono- and sesquiterpenes are well-known communication compounds in plant-insect interactions, whereas the smallest, most commonly emitted terpene, isoprene, is rather assigned a function in combating abiotic stresses. Recently, it has become evident that different volatile terpenes also act as plant-to-plant signaling cues. Upon being perceived, specific volatile terpenes can sensitize distinct signaling pathways in receiver plant cells, which in turn trigger plant innate immune responses. This vastly extends the range of action of volatile terpenes, which not only protect plants from various biotic and abiotic stresses, but also convey information about environmental constraints within and between plants. As a result, plant-insect and plant-pathogen interactions, which are believed to influence each other through phytohormone crosstalk, are likely equally sensitive to reciprocal regulation via volatile terpene cues. Here, we review the current knowledge of terpenes as volatile semiochemicals and discuss why and how volatile terpenes make good signaling cues. We discuss how volatile terpenes may be perceived by plants, what are possible downstream signaling events in receiver plants, and how responses to different terpene cues might interact to orchestrate the net plant response to multiple stresses. Finally, we discuss how the signal can be further transmitted to the community level leading to a mutually beneficial community-scale response or distinct signaling with near kin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaria Rosenkranz
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Peiyuan Zhu
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - A Corina Vlot
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
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22
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Huber M, Roder T, Irmisch S, Riedel A, Gablenz S, Fricke J, Rahfeld P, Reichelt M, Paetz C, Liechti N, Hu L, Bont Z, Meng Y, Huang W, Robert CA, Gershenzon J, Erb M. A beta-glucosidase of an insect herbivore determines both toxicity and deterrence of a dandelion defense metabolite. eLife 2021; 10:68642. [PMID: 34632981 PMCID: PMC8504966 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut enzymes can metabolize plant defense compounds and thereby affect the growth and fitness of insect herbivores. Whether these enzymes also influence feeding preference is largely unknown. We studied the metabolization of taraxinic acid β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (TA-G), a sesquiterpene lactone of the common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) that deters its major root herbivore, the common cockchafer larva (Melolontha melolontha). We have demonstrated that TA-G is rapidly deglucosylated and conjugated to glutathione in the insect gut. A broad-spectrum M. melolontha β-glucosidase, Mm_bGlc17, is sufficient and necessary for TA-G deglucosylation. Using cross-species RNA interference, we have shown that Mm_bGlc17 reduces TA-G toxicity. Furthermore, Mm_bGlc17 is required for the preference of M. melolontha larvae for TA-G-deficient plants. Thus, herbivore metabolism modulates both the toxicity and deterrence of a plant defense compound. Our work illustrates the multifaceted roles of insect digestive enzymes as mediators of plant-herbivore interactions. Plants produce certain substances to fend off attackers like plant-feeding insects. To stop these compounds from damaging their own cells, plants often attach sugar molecules to them. When an insect tries to eat the plant, the plant removes the stabilizing sugar, ‘activating’ the compounds and making them toxic or foul-tasting. Curiously, some insects remove the sugar themselves, but it is unclear what consequences this has, especially for insect behavior. Dandelions, Taraxacum officinale, make high concentrations of a sugar-containing defense compound in their roots called taraxinic acid β-D-glucopyranosyl ester, or TA-G for short. TA-G deters the larvae of the Maybug – a pest also known as the common cockchafer or the doodlebug – from eating dandelion roots. When Maybug larvae do eat TA-G, it is found in their systems without its sugar. However, it is unclear whether it is the plant or the larva that removes the sugar. A second open question is how the sugar removal process affects the behavior of the Maybug larvae. Using chemical analysis and genetic manipulation, Huber et al. investigated what happens when Maybug larvae eat TA-G. This revealed that the acidity levels in the larvae’s digestive system deactivate the proteins from the dandelion that would normally remove the sugar from TA-G. However, rather than leaving the compound intact, larvae remove the sugar from TA-G themselves. They do this using a digestive enzyme, known as a beta-glucosidase, that cuts through sugar. Removing the sugar from TA-G made the compound less toxic, allowing the larvae to grow bigger, but it also increased TA-G’s deterrent effects, making the larvae less likely to eat the roots. Any organism that eats plants, including humans, must deal with chemicals like TA-G in their food. Once inside the body, enzymes can change these chemicals, altering their effects. This happens with many medicines, too. In the future, it might be possible to design compounds that activate only in certain species, or under certain conditions. Further studies in different systems may aid the development of new methods of pest control, or new drug treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meret Huber
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry, Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Roder
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Irmisch
- Department of Biochemistry, Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Alexander Riedel
- Department of Biochemistry, Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Saskia Gablenz
- Department of Biochemistry, Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Julia Fricke
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter Rahfeld
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Reichelt
- Department of Biochemistry, Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Paetz
- Research group Biosynthesis/NMR, Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Nicole Liechti
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lingfei Hu
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Zoe Bont
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ye Meng
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Jonathan Gershenzon
- Department of Biochemistry, Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Erb
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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23
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Adaptive mechanisms of plant specialized metabolism connecting chemistry to function. Nat Chem Biol 2021; 17:1037-1045. [PMID: 34552220 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-021-00822-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
As sessile organisms, plants evolved elaborate metabolic systems that produce a plethora of specialized metabolites as a means to survive challenging terrestrial environments. Decades of research have revealed the genetic and biochemical basis for a multitude of plant specialized metabolic pathways. Nevertheless, knowledge is still limited concerning the selective advantages provided by individual and collective specialized metabolites to the reproductive success of diverse host plants. Here we review the biological functions conferred by various classes of plant specialized metabolites in the context of the interaction of plants with their surrounding environment. To achieve optimal multifunctionality of diverse specialized metabolic processes, plants use various adaptive mechanisms at subcellular, cellular, tissue, organ and interspecies levels. Understanding these mechanisms and the evolutionary trajectories underlying their occurrence in nature will ultimately enable efficient bioengineering of desirable metabolic traits in chassis organisms.
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24
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van Doan C, Züst T, Maurer C, Zhang X, Machado RAR, Mateo P, Ye M, Schimmel BCJ, Glauser G, Robert CAM. Herbivore-induced plant volatiles mediate defense regulation in maize leaves but not in maize roots. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:2672-2686. [PMID: 33748996 PMCID: PMC8360093 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Plant leaves that are exposed to herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) respond by increasing their defenses, a phenomenon referred to as priming. Whether this phenomenon also occurs in the roots is unknown. Using maize plants, Zea mays, whose leaves respond strongly to leaf HIPVs, we measured the impact of belowground HIPVs, emanating from roots infested by the banded cucumber beetle, Diabrotica balteata, on constitutive and herbivore-induced levels of defense-related gene expression, phytohormones, volatile and non-volatile primary and secondary metabolites, growth and herbivore resistance in roots of neighbouring plants. HIPV exposure did not increase constitutive or induced levels of any of the measured root traits. Furthermore, HIPV exposure did not reduce the performance or survival of D. balteata on maize or its ancestor teosinte. Cross-exposure experiments between HIPVs from roots and leaves revealed that maize roots, in contrast to maize leaves, neither emit nor respond strongly to defense-regulating HIPVs. Together, these results demonstrate that volatile-mediated defense regulation is restricted to the leaves of maize. This finding is in line with the lower diffusibility of volatiles in the soil and the availability of other, potentially more efficient, information conduits below ground.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong van Doan
- Institute of Plant SciencesUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research (OCCR)University of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Tobias Züst
- Institute of Plant SciencesUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Corina Maurer
- Institute of Plant SciencesUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Xi Zhang
- Institute of Plant SciencesUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | | | - Pierre Mateo
- Institute of Plant SciencesUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Meng Ye
- Institute of Plant SciencesUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | | | - Gaétan Glauser
- Neuchâtel Platform of Analytical ChemistryUniversité de NeuchâtelNeuchâtelSwitzerland
| | - Christelle A. M. Robert
- Institute of Plant SciencesUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research (OCCR)University of BernBernSwitzerland
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25
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Pélissier R, Violle C, Morel JB. Plant immunity: Good fences make good neighbors? CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 62:102045. [PMID: 33965754 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant immunity is modulated by several abiotic factors, and microbiome has emerged as a major biotic driver of plant resistance. Recently, a few studies showed that plants also modify resistance to pests and pathogens in their neighborhood. Several types of neighborhood could be identified depending on the biological processes at play: intraspecific and interspecific competition, kin and stranger recognition, plant-soil feedbacks, and danger signaling. This review highlights that molecules exchanged aboveground and belowground between plants can modulate plant immunity, either constitutively or after damage or attack. An intriguing relationship between allelopathy and immunity has been evidenced and should merit further investigation. Interestingly, most reported cases of modulation of immunity by the neighbors are positive, opening new perspectives for the understanding of natural plant communities as well as for the design of more diverse cultivated systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Pélissier
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, CEFE, Univ Montpellier, Institut Agro, INRAE, CIRAD, TA A-54/K Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Cyrille Violle
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry, Campus du CNRS, 1919, Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Jean-Benoit Morel
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, TA A-54 / K Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
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26
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Tholl D, Hossain O, Weinhold A, Röse USR, Wei Q. Trends and applications in plant volatile sampling and analysis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 106:314-325. [PMID: 33506558 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released by plants serve as information and defense chemicals in mutualistic and antagonistic interactions and mitigate effects of abiotic stress. Passive and dynamic sampling techniques combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis have become routine tools to measure emissions of VOCs and determine their various functions. More recently, knowledge of the roles of plant VOCs in the aboveground environment has led to the exploration of similar functions in the soil and rhizosphere. Moreover, VOC patterns have been recognized as sensitive and time-dependent markers of biotic and abiotic stress. This focused review addresses these developments by presenting recent progress in VOC sampling and analysis. We show advances in the use of small, inexpensive sampling devices and describe methods to monitor plant VOC emissions in the belowground environment. We further address latest trends in real-time measurements of volatilomes in plant phenotyping and most recent developments of small portable devices and VOC sensors for non-invasive VOC fingerprinting of plant disease. These technologies allow for innovative approaches to study plant VOC biology and application in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Tholl
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Oindrila Hossain
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Emerging Plant Disease and Global Food Security Cluster, Norther Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Alexander Weinhold
- Molecular Interaction Ecology, Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, 07745, Germany
- Molecular Interaction Ecology, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Ursula S R Röse
- School of Biological Sciences, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, 04005, USA
| | - Qingshan Wei
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Emerging Plant Disease and Global Food Security Cluster, Norther Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
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Wang NQ, Kong CH, Wang P, Meiners SJ. Root exudate signals in plant-plant interactions. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:1044-1058. [PMID: 32931018 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant-to-plant signalling is a key mediator of interactions among plant species. Plants can perceive and respond to chemical cues emitted from their neighbours, altering survival and performance, impacting plant coexistence and community assembly. An increasing number of studies indicate root exudates as key players in plant-to-plant signalling. Root exudates mediate root detection and behaviour, kin recognition, flowering and production, driving inter- and intra-specific facilitation in cropping systems and mixed-species plantations. Altered interactions may be attributed to the signalling components within root exudates. Root ethylene, strigolactones, jasmonic acid, (-)-loliolide and allantoin are signalling chemicals that convey information on local conditions in plant-plant interactions. These root-secreted signalling chemicals appear ubiquitous in plants and trigger a series of belowground responses inter- and intra-specifically, involving molecular events in biosynthesis, secretion and action. The secretion of root signals, mainly mediated by ATP-binding cassette transporters, is critical. Root-secreted signalling chemicals and their molecular mechanisms are rapidly revealing a multitude of fascinating plant-plant interactions. However, many root signals, particularly species-specific signals and their underlying mechanisms, remain to be uncovered due to methodological limitations and root-soil interactions. A thorough understanding of root-secreted chemical signals and their mechanisms will offer many ecological implications and potential applications for sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Qi Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chui-Hua Kong
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Scott J Meiners
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, Illinois, USA
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Dehimeche N, Buatois B, Bertin N, Staudt M. Insights into the Intraspecific Variability of the above and Belowground Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds in Tomato. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26010237. [PMID: 33466378 PMCID: PMC7796079 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The in-vivo monitoring of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions is a potential non-invasive tool in plant protection, especially in greenhouse cultivation. We studied VOC production from above and belowground organs of the eight parents of the Multi-Parent Advanced Generation Intercross population (MAGIC) tomato population, which exhibits a high genetic variability, in order to obtain more insight into the variability of constitutive VOC emissions from tomato plants under stress-free conditions. Foliage emissions were composed of terpenes, the majority of which were also stored in the leaves. Foliage emissions were very low, partly light-dependent, and differed significantly among genotypes, both in quantity and quality. Soil with roots emitted VOCs at similar, though more variable, rates than foliage. Soil emissions were characterized by terpenes, oxygenated alkanes, and alkenes and phenolic compounds, only a few of which were found in root extracts at low concentrations. Correlation analyses revealed that several VOCs emitted from foliage or soil are jointly regulated and that above and belowground sources are partially interconnected. With respect to VOC monitoring in tomato crops, our results underline that genetic variability, light-dependent de-novo synthesis, and belowground sources are factors to be considered for successful use in crop monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafissa Dehimeche
- Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, CNRS-Université Montpellier-Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier–EPHE, Campus CNRS, CEDEX 5, F-34293 Montpellier, France; (N.D.); (B.B.)
| | - Bruno Buatois
- Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, CNRS-Université Montpellier-Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier–EPHE, Campus CNRS, CEDEX 5, F-34293 Montpellier, France; (N.D.); (B.B.)
| | - Nadia Bertin
- INRAE, UR115 Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles, Site Agroparc, 84914 Avignon, France;
| | - Michael Staudt
- Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, CNRS-Université Montpellier-Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier–EPHE, Campus CNRS, CEDEX 5, F-34293 Montpellier, France; (N.D.); (B.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-467613272
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29
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Orlovskis Z, Reymond P. Pieris brassicae eggs trigger interplant systemic acquired resistance against a foliar pathogen in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 228:1652-1661. [PMID: 32619278 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Recognition of plant pathogens or herbivores activate a broad-spectrum plant defense priming in distal leaves against potential future attacks, leading to systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Additionally, attacked plants can release aerial or below-ground signals that trigger defense responses, such as SAR, in neighboring plants lacking initial exposure to pathogen or pest elicitors. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in interplant defense signal generation in sender plants and decoding in neighboring plants are not fully understood. We previously reported that Pieris brassicae eggs induce intraplant SAR against the foliar pathogen Pseudomonas syringae in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here we extend this effect to neighboring plants by discovering an egg-induced interplant SAR via mobile root-derived signal(s). The generation of an egg-induced interplant SAR signal requires pipecolic acid (Pip) pathway genes ALD1 and FMO1 but occurs independently of salicylic acid (SA) accumulation in sender plants. Furthermore, reception of the signal leads to accumulation of SA in the recipient plants. In response to insect eggs, plants may induce interplant SAR to prepare for potential pathogen invasion following feeding-induced wounding or to keep neighboring plants healthy for hatching larvae. Our results highlight a previously uncharacterized below-ground plant-to-plant signaling mechanism and reveals genetic components required for its generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zigmunds Orlovskis
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Reymond
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
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30
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van Doan C, Züst T, Maurer C, Zhang X, Machado RAR, Mateo P, Ye M, Schimmel BCJ, Glauser G, Robert CAM. Volatile-mediated defence regulation occurs in maize leaves but not in maize root. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020:pce.13919. [PMID: 33073385 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The above article was published in error by the publisher before a final editorial decision had been reached. It has therefore been removed temporarily while the editorial process concludes. The publisher apologizes for the inconvenience.
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Grunseich JM, Thompson MN, Hay AA, Gorman Z, Kolomiets MV, Eubanks MD, Helms AM. Risky roots and careful herbivores: Sustained herbivory by a root‐feeding herbivore attenuates indirect plant defences. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John M. Grunseich
- Department of Entomology Texas A&M University College Station TX USA
| | | | - Allison A. Hay
- Department of Entomology Texas A&M University College Station TX USA
| | - Zachary Gorman
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology Texas A&M University College Station TX USA
| | - Michael V. Kolomiets
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology Texas A&M University College Station TX USA
| | - Micky D. Eubanks
- Department of Entomology Texas A&M University College Station TX USA
| | - Anjel M. Helms
- Department of Entomology Texas A&M University College Station TX USA
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Yu Z, Zhao C, Zhang G, Teixeira da Silva JA, Duan J. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profile of TPS Gene Family in Dendrobium officinale and the Role of DoTPS10 in Linalool Biosynthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155419. [PMID: 32751445 PMCID: PMC7432446 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Terpene synthase (TPS) is a critical enzyme responsible for the biosynthesis of terpenes, which possess diverse roles in plant growth and development. Although many terpenes have been reported in orchids, limited information is available regarding the genome-wide identification and characterization of the TPS family in the orchid, Dendrobium officinale. By integrating the D. officinale genome and transcriptional data, 34 TPS genes were found in D. officinale. These were divided into four subfamilies (TPS-a, TPS-b, TPS-c, and TPS-e/f). Distinct tempospatial expression profiles of DoTPS genes were observed in 10 organs of D. officinale. Most DoTPS genes were predominantly expressed in flowers, followed by roots and stems. Expression of the majority of DoTPS genes was enhanced following exposure to cold and osmotic stresses. Recombinant DoTPS10 protein, located in chloroplasts, uniquely converted geranyl diphosphate to linalool in vitro. The DoTPS10 gene, which resulted in linalool formation, was highly expressed during all flower developmental stages. Methyl jasmonate significantly up-regulated DoTPS10 expression and linalool accumulation. These results simultaneously provide valuable insight into understanding the roles of the TPS family and lay a basis for further studies on the regulation of terpenoid biosynthesis by DoTPS in D. officinale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenming Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; (Z.Y.); (C.Z.); (G.Z.)
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Conghui Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; (Z.Y.); (C.Z.); (G.Z.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guihua Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; (Z.Y.); (C.Z.); (G.Z.)
| | | | - Jun Duan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; (Z.Y.); (C.Z.); (G.Z.)
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-020-37252978
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Zhang L, Lu G, Huang X, Guo H, Su X, Han L, Zhang Y, Qi Z, Xiao Y, Cheng H. Overexpression of the caryophyllene synthase gene GhTPS1 in cotton negatively affects multiple pests while attracting parasitoids. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:1722-1730. [PMID: 31762173 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUD Volatile terpenes can act as ecological signals to affect insect behavior. It has been proposed that the manipulation of terpenes in plants can help to control herbivore pests. In order to investigate the potential pest management function of (E)-β-caryophyllene in cotton plants, the (E)-β-caryophyllene synthase gene (GhTPS1) was inserted into Gossypium hirsutum variety R15 to generate overexpression lines. RESULTS Four GhTPS1-transgenic lines were generated, and GhTPS1 expression in transgenic L18 and L46 lines was 3-5-fold higher than in R15 plants. The transgenic L18 and L46 lines also emitted significantly more (E)-β-caryophyllene than R15. In laboratory bioassays, L18 and L46 plants reduced pests Apolygus lucorum, Aphis gossypii and Helicoverpa armigera, and attracted parasitoids Peristenus spretus and Aphidius gifuensis, but not Microplitis mediator. In open-field trials, L18 and L46 plants reduced A. lucorum, Adelphocoris suturalis and H. armigera, but had no significant effects on predators. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that L18 and L46 plants reduce several major hemipteran and lepidopteran cotton pests, whereas, two parasitoids P. spretus and A. gifuensis, were attracted by L18 and L46 plants. This study shows that overexpressing GhTPS1 in cotton may help to improve pest management in cotton fields. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Guoqing Lu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinzheng Huang
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Huiming Guo
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Su
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lida Han
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Qi
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yutao Xiao
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongmei Cheng
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Kowalczyk T, Wieczfinska J, Skała E, Śliwiński T, Sitarek P. Transgenesis as a Tool for the Efficient Production of Selected Secondary Metabolites from in Vitro Plant Cultures. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E132. [PMID: 31973076 PMCID: PMC7076688 DOI: 10.3390/plants9020132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The plant kingdom abounds in countless species with potential medical uses. Many of them contain valuable secondary metabolites belonging to different classes and demonstrating anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial or antidiabetic properties. Many of these metabolites, e.g., paclitaxel, vinblastine, betulinic acid, chlorogenic acid or ferrulic acid, have potential applications in medicine. Additionally, these compounds have many therapeutic and health-promoting properties. The growing demand for these plant secondary metabolites forces the use of new green biotechnology tools to create new, more productive in vitro transgenic plant cultures. These procedures have yielded many promising results, and transgenic cultures have been found to be safe, efficient and cost-effective sources of valuable secondary metabolites for medicine and industry. This review focuses on the use of various in vitro plant culture systems for the production of secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kowalczyk
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Wieczfinska
- Department of Immunopathology, Medical University of Lodz, Żeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Ewa Skała
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland; (E.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Tomasz Śliwiński
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Przemysław Sitarek
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland; (E.S.); (P.S.)
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35
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Huang W, Bont Z, Hervé MR, Robert CAM, Erb M. Impact of Seasonal and Temperature-Dependent Variation in Root Defense Metabolites on Herbivore Preference in Taraxacum officinale. J Chem Ecol 2019; 46:63-75. [PMID: 31832894 PMCID: PMC6954900 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-019-01126-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Plants experience seasonal fluctuations in abiotic and biotic factors such as herbivore attack rates. If and how root defense expression co-varies with seasonal fluctuations in abiotic factors and root herbivore attack rates is not well understood. Here, we evaluated seasonal changes in defensive root latex chemistry of Taraxacum officinale plants in the field and correlated the changes with seasonal fluctuations in abiotic factors and damage potential by Melolontha melolontha, a major natural enemy of T. officinale. We then explored the causality and consequences of these relationships under controlled conditions. The concentration of the defensive sesquiterpene lactone taraxinic acid β-D glucopyranosyl ester (TA-G) varied substantially over the year and was most strongly correlated to mean monthly temperature. Both temperature and TA-G levels were correlated with annual fluctuations in potential M. melolontha damage. Under controlled conditions, plants grown under high temperature produced more TA-G and were less attractive for M. melolontha. However, temperature-dependent M. melolontha feeding preferences were not significantly altered in TA-G deficient transgenic lines. Our results suggest that fluctuations in temperature leads to variation in the production of a root defensive metabolites that co-varies with expected attack of a major root herbivore. Temperature-dependent herbivore preference, however, is likely to be modulated by other phenotypic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013, Bern, Switzerland. .,CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China.
| | - Zoe Bont
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Maxime R Hervé
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013, Bern, Switzerland.,Inra, Agrocampus Ouest, IGEPP - UMR-A 1349, University of Rennes, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Christelle A M Robert
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Erb
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013, Bern, Switzerland.
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36
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Hervé MR, Erb M. Distinct defense strategies allow different grassland species to cope with root herbivore attack. Oecologia 2019; 191:127-139. [PMID: 31367912 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04479-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Root-feeding insect herbivores are of substantial evolutionary, ecological and economical importance. Plants defend themselves against insect herbivores through a variety of tolerance and resistance strategies. To date, few studies have systematically assessed the prevalence and importance of these strategies for root-herbivore interactions across different plant species. Here, we characterize the defense strategies used by three different grassland species to cope with a generalist root herbivore, the larvae of the European cockchafer Melolontha melolontha. Our results reveal that the different plant species rely on distinct sets of defense strategies. The spotted knapweed (Centaurea stoebe) resists attack by dissuading the larvae through the release of repellent chemicals. White clover (Trifolium repens) does not repel the herbivore, but reduces feeding, most likely through structural defenses and low nutritional quality. Finally, the common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) allows M. melolontha to feed abundantly but compensates for tissue loss through induced regrowth. Thus, three co-occurring plant species have evolved different solutions to defend themselves against attack by a generalist root herbivore. The different root defense strategies may reflect distinct defense syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime R Hervé
- University of Rennes, Inra, Agrocampus Ouest, IGEPP, UMR-A 1349, Campus Beaulieu, Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35000, Rennes, France.
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Matthias Erb
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, Bern, Switzerland
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37
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Gfeller V, Huber M, Förster C, Huang W, Köllner TG, Erb M. Root volatiles in plant-plant interactions I: High root sesquiterpene release is associated with increased germination and growth of plant neighbours. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:1950-1963. [PMID: 30737807 PMCID: PMC6850102 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by plant leaves can influence the physiology of neighbouring plants. In contrast to leaf VOCs, little is known about the role of root VOCs in plant-plant interactions. Here, we characterize constitutive root VOC emissions of the spotted knapweed (Centaurea stoebe) and explore the impact of these VOCs on the germination and growth of different sympatric plant species. We show that C. stoebe roots emit high amounts of sesquiterpenes, with estimated release rates of (E)-β-caryophyllene above 3 μg g-1 dw hr-1 . Sesquiterpene emissions show little variation between different C. stoebe populations but vary substantially between different Centaurea species. Through root transcriptome sequencing, we identify six root-expressed sesquiterpene synthases (TPSs). Two root-specific TPSs, CsTPS4 and CsTPS5, are sufficient to produce the full blend of emitted root sesquiterpenes. VOC-exposure experiments demonstrate that C. stoebe root VOCs have neutral to positive effects on the germination and growth of different sympatric neighbours. Thus, constitutive root sesquiterpenes produced by two C. stoebe TPSs are associated with facilitation of sympatric neighbouring plants. The release of root VOCs may thus influence plant community structure in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Gfeller
- Institute of Plant SciencesUniversity of Bern3013BernSwitzerland
| | - Meret Huber
- Department of BiochemistryMax Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology07745JenaGermany
| | - Christiane Förster
- Department of BiochemistryMax Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology07745JenaGermany
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute of Plant SciencesUniversity of Bern3013BernSwitzerland
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Plant and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430074HubeiChina
| | - Tobias G. Köllner
- Department of BiochemistryMax Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology07745JenaGermany
| | - Matthias Erb
- Institute of Plant SciencesUniversity of Bern3013BernSwitzerland
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