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Nenciarini S, Renzi S, di Paola M, Meriggi N, Cavalieri D. Ascomycetes yeasts: The hidden part of human microbiome. WIREs Mech Dis 2024; 16:e1641. [PMID: 38228159 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The fungal component of the microbiota, the mycobiota, has been neglected for a long time due to its poor richness compared to bacteria. Limitations in fungal detection and taxonomic identification arise from using metagenomic approaches, often borrowed from bacteriome analyses. However, the relatively recent discoveries of the ability of fungi to modulate the host immune response and their involvement in human diseases have made mycobiota a fundamental component of the microbial communities inhabiting the human host, deserving some consideration in host-microbe interaction studies and in metagenomics. Here, we reviewed recent data on the identification of yeasts of the Ascomycota phylum across human body districts, focusing on the most representative genera, that is, Saccharomyces and Candida. Then, we explored the key factors involved in shaping the human mycobiota across the lifespan, ranging from host genetics to environment, diet, and lifestyle habits. Finally, we discussed the strengths and weaknesses of culture-dependent and independent methods for mycobiota characterization. Overall, there is still room for some improvements, especially regarding fungal-specific methodological approaches and bioinformatics challenges, which are still critical steps in mycobiota analysis, and to advance our knowledge on the role of the gut mycobiota in human health and disease. This article is categorized under: Immune System Diseases > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics Immune System Diseases > Environmental Factors Infectious Diseases > Environmental Factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonia Renzi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Monica di Paola
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Niccolò Meriggi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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2
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Arhire AI, Ioacara DS, Papuc T, Parcalibioru GG, Fica S. Exploring the severity and early onset of familial type 1 diabetes in Romania: genetic and microbiota insights. Arch Clin Cases 2024; 11:29-33. [PMID: 38689820 PMCID: PMC11060146 DOI: 10.22551/2024.42.1101.10283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic condition characterized by pancreatic autoimmunity and destruction of the insulin producing beta-cells. The risk of familial type 1 diabetes (FT1DM) is greater in families with paternal T1DM. The children with paternal FT1DM have a more severe form of the disease with diabetic ketoacidosis. Three families with FT1DM, out of which two with paternal diabetes and daughters diagnosed with this disease, and one family with sibling FT1DM were evaluated between 2019-2021 in the Pediatric Diabetes and the Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Departments of a tertiary hospital. Clinical, biological, and genetic evaluations were performed, together with an assessment of the gastrointestinal microbiota. The Romanian children with FT1DM had a more severe onset, a median of age at onset of 9 years old and a genetic predisposition with positive HLA DR3/R4, DQB1*02:01. The protecting allele, DPB1*04:01, was found only in the siblings with FT1DM. A gastrointestinal dysbiosis, characterized by pro-inflammatory bacteria, with high levels of Enterobacteriaceae and Candida, was observed in the gut microbiota. This is the first case series of FT1DM in Romanian patients that shows the presence of genetic determinants but also a pathological microbiota which may determine a more severe and an early-age onset of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalia Ioana Arhire
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Department, “Elias” Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dorian Sorin Ioacara
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Department, “Elias” Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Teodora Papuc
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Department, “Elias” Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gratiela Gradisteanu Parcalibioru
- ICUB-Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists
- eBio-hub Research Center, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Romania
| | - Simona Fica
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Department, “Elias” Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
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Ren C, Carrillo ND, Cryns VL, Anderson RA, Chen M. Environmental pollutants and phosphoinositide signaling in autoimmunity. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133080. [PMID: 38091799 PMCID: PMC10923067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Environmental pollution stands as one of the most critical challenges affecting human health, with an estimated mortality rate linked to pollution-induced non-communicable diseases projected to range from 20% to 25%. These pollutants not only disrupt immune responses but can also trigger immunotoxicity. Phosphoinositide signaling, a pivotal regulator of immune responses, plays a central role in the development of autoimmune diseases and exhibits high sensitivity to environmental stressors. Among these stressors, environmental pollutants have become increasingly prevalent in our society, contributing to the initiation and exacerbation of autoimmune conditions. In this review, we summarize the intricate interplay between phosphoinositide signaling and autoimmune diseases within the context of environmental pollutants and contaminants. We provide an up-to-date overview of stress-induced phosphoinositide signaling, discuss 14 selected examples categorized into three groups of environmental pollutants and their connections to immune diseases, and shed light on the associated phosphoinositide signaling pathways. Through these discussions, this review advances our understanding of how phosphoinositide signaling influences the coordinated immune response to environmental stressors at a biological level. Furthermore, it offers valuable insights into potential research directions and therapeutic targets aimed at mitigating the impact of environmental pollutants on the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. SYNOPSIS: Phosphoinositide signaling at the intersection of environmental pollutants and autoimmunity provides novel insights for managing autoimmune diseases aggravated by pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong-Hong Kong Universities for Vascular Homeostasis and Diseases, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Noah D Carrillo
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Vincent L Cryns
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Richard A Anderson
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Mo Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong-Hong Kong Universities for Vascular Homeostasis and Diseases, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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4
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Liu XW, Li HL, Ma CY, Shi TY, Wang TY, Yan D, Tang H, Lin H, Deng KJ. Predicting the role of the human gut microbiome in type 1 diabetes using machine-learning methods. Brief Funct Genomics 2024:elae004. [PMID: 38376798 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elae004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Gut microbes is a crucial factor in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, it is still unclear which gut microbiota are the key factors affecting T1D and their influence on the development and progression of the disease. To fill these knowledge gaps, we constructed a model to find biomarker from gut microbiota in patients with T1D. We first identified microbial markers using Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) and random forest (RF) methods. Furthermore, by constructing co-occurrence networks for gut microbes in T1D, we aimed to reveal all gut microbial interactions as well as major beneficial and pathogenic bacteria in healthy populations and type 1 diabetic patients. Finally, PICRUST2 was used to predict Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional pathways and KO gene levels of microbial markers to investigate the biological role. Our study revealed that 21 identified microbial genera are important biomarker for T1D. Their AUC values are 0.962 and 0.745 on discovery set and validation set. Functional analysis showed that 10 microbial genera were significantly positively associated with D-arginine and D-ornithine metabolism, spliceosome in transcription, steroid hormone biosynthesis and glycosaminoglycan degradation. These genera were significantly negatively correlated with steroid biosynthesis, cyanoamino acid metabolism and drug metabolism. The other 11 genera displayed an inverse correlation. In summary, our research identified a comprehensive set of T1D gut biomarkers with universal applicability and have revealed the biological consequences of alterations in gut microbiota and their interplay. These findings offer significant prospects for individualized management and treatment of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wei Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology and Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Han-Lin Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Cai-Yi Ma
- School of Life Science and Technology and Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Tian-Yu Shi
- School of Life Science and Technology and Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Tian-Yu Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology and Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Dan Yan
- Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hua Tang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Basic Medicine Research Innovation Center for Cardiometabolic diseases, Ministry of Education, Luzhou 646000, China
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Hao Lin
- School of Life Science and Technology and Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Ke-Jun Deng
- School of Life Science and Technology and Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
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Zheng SJ, Luo Y, Wang JB, Chen XM, Xu Y, Xiao JH. Regulated intestinal microbiota and gut immunity to ameliorate type 1 diabetes mellitus: A novel mechanism for stem cell-based therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:116033. [PMID: 38128181 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Although stem cell transplantation is an effective strategy in the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), the mechanisms underlying its therapeutic effects remain unclear. We hypothesized that stem cells target gut microbiota and intestinal mucosal immunity to promote therapeutic effects against T1DM. We investigated the effects of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) on intestinal microbiota and mucosal immunity in streptozotocin-induced T1DM mice. hAMSCs promoted significant reductions in blood glucose levels and increased the number of insulin-secreting cells in the T1DM model. Compared with T1DM model mice, 16S rRNA sequencing revealed significant differences in the composition, diversity, and abundance of microbiota in the ileum of hAMSC-treated mice. Bifidobacterium, Prevotella, and Alcaligenes species were among the 15 most abundant differential bacterial species. LC-MS revealed significant changes in ileal metabolites, and among the top 100 differential metabolites identified, we found that a significant increase in taurine was closely associated with hAMSC therapy. Additionally, we detected significant differences between the two groups with respect to the frequency and phenotype of CD4+ T cell subsets in mesenteric lymph nodes, and hAMSCs promoted significant increases in Th2 and Treg cell frequencies and reduced the frequencies of Th1 and Th17 cells. Moreover, correlation analysis revealed pairwise correlations between differential microflora and differential metabolites and immune signatures. hAMSCs thus have positive effects on the microbiota and their metabolites in the ileum and intestinal mucosal immunity in T1DM. Our findings indicate that gut microbiota and intestinal mucosal immunity may play vital roles in the hAMSC-based treatment of T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Juan Zheng
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi 563003, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi 563003, China; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biotechnology & Research Center for Translational Medicine in Colleges and Universities, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi 563003, China
| | - Jian-Bin Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi 563003, China; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biotechnology & Research Center for Translational Medicine in Colleges and Universities, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi 563003, China
| | - Xue-Mei Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi 563003, China; Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi 563003, China.
| | - Yan Xu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi 563003, China; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biotechnology & Research Center for Translational Medicine in Colleges and Universities, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi 563003, China
| | - Jian-Hui Xiao
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi 563003, China; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biotechnology & Research Center for Translational Medicine in Colleges and Universities, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi 563003, China; Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi 563003, China.
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Rosell-Mases E, Santiago A, Corral-Pujol M, Yáñez F, Varela E, Egia-Mendikute L, Arpa B, Cosovanu C, Panosa A, Serrano-Gómez G, Mora C, Verdaguer J, Manichanh C. Mutual modulation of gut microbiota and the immune system in type 1 diabetes models. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7770. [PMID: 38012160 PMCID: PMC10682479 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43652-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The transgenic 116C-NOD mouse strain exhibits a prevalent Th17 phenotype, and reduced type 1 diabetes (T1D) compared to non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. A cohousing experiment between both models revealed lower T1D incidence in NOD mice cohoused with 116C-NOD, associated with gut microbiota changes, reduced intestinal permeability, shifts in T and B cell subsets, and a transition from Th1 to Th17 responses. Distinct gut bacterial signatures were linked to T1D in each group. Using a RAG-2-/- genetic background, we found that T cell alterations promoted segmented filamentous bacteria proliferation in young NOD and 116C-NOD, as well as in immunodeficient NOD.RAG-2-/- and 116C-NOD.RAG-2-/- mice across all ages. Bifidobacterium colonization depended on lymphocytes and thrived in a non-diabetogenic environment. Additionally, 116C-NOD B cells in 116C-NOD.RAG-2-/- mice enriched the gut microbiota in Adlercreutzia and reduced intestinal permeability. Collectively, these results indicate reciprocal modulation between gut microbiota and the immune system in rodent T1D models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estela Rosell-Mases
- Immunology and Immunopathology Group, Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Lleida (UdL) and Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Alba Santiago
- Microbiome Lab, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Corral-Pujol
- Immunology and Immunopathology Group, Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Lleida (UdL) and Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Francisca Yáñez
- Microbiome Lab, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Encarna Varela
- Microbiome Lab, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leire Egia-Mendikute
- Immunology and Immunopathology Group, Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Lleida (UdL) and Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Berta Arpa
- Immunology and Immunopathology Group, Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Lleida (UdL) and Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Catalina Cosovanu
- Immunology and Immunopathology Group, Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Lleida (UdL) and Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Anaïs Panosa
- Flow Cytometry Facility, Universitat de Lleida (UdL) and Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Gerard Serrano-Gómez
- Microbiome Lab, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Conchi Mora
- Immunology and Immunopathology Group, Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Lleida (UdL) and Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Joan Verdaguer
- Immunology and Immunopathology Group, Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Lleida (UdL) and Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), 25198, Lleida, Spain.
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Chaysavanh Manichanh
- Microbiome Lab, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER of Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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7
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Das S, Gnanasambandan R. Intestinal microbiome diversity of diabetic and non-diabetic kidney disease: Current status and future perspective. Life Sci 2023; 316:121414. [PMID: 36682521 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A significant portion of the health burden of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is caused by both type 1 and type 2 diabetes which leads to morbidity and mortality globally. It is one of the most common diabetic complications characterized by loss of renal function with high prevalence, often leading to acute kidney disease (AKD). Inflammation triggered by gut microbiota is commonly associated with the development of DKD. Interactions between the gut microbiota and the host are correlated in maintaining metabolic and inflammatory homeostasis. However, the fundamental processes through which the gut microbiota affects the onset and progression of DKD are mainly unknown. In this narrative review, we summarised the potential role of the gut microbiome, their pathogenicity between diabetic and non-diabetic kidney disease (NDKD), and their impact on host immunity. A well-established association has already been seen between gut microbiota, diabetes and kidney disease. The gut-kidney interrelationship is confirmed by mounting evidence linking gut dysbiosis to DKD, however, it is still unclear what is the real cause of gut dysbiosis, the development of DKD, and its progression. In addition, we also try to distinguish novel biomarkers for early detection of DKD and the possible therapies that can be used to regulate the gut microbiota and improve the host immune response. This early detection and new therapies will help clinicians for better management of the disease and help improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumik Das
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Ramanathan Gnanasambandan
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India.
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8
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Khan A, Moni SS, Ali M, Mohan S, Jan H, Rasool S, Kamal MA, Alshahrani S, Halawi M, Alhazmi HA. Antifungal Activity of Plant Secondary Metabolites on Candida albicans: An Updated Review. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2023; 16:15-42. [PMID: 35249516 DOI: 10.2174/1874467215666220304143332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fungal infections have been increasing continuously worldwide, especially in immunocompromised individuals. Fungi, regarded as eukaryotic pathogens, have many similarities to the host cells, which inhibit anti-fungal drug development progress. Various fungal model systems have been studied, and it was concluded that Candida spp. is the most common disease-causing fungus. Candida species are well known to cause infections not only in our mouth, skin, and vagina, but they are also a frequent cause of life-threatening hospital bloodstream infections. The morphological and developmental pathways of Candida have been studied extensively, providing insight into the fungus development. Candida albicans is known to be the most pathogenic species responsible for a variety of infections in humans. Conventional anti-fungal drugs, mainly azoles drugs available in the market, have been used for years developing resistance in C. albicans. Hence, the production of new anti-fungal drugs, which require detailed molecular knowledge of fungal pathogenesis, needs to be encouraged. Therefore, this review targets the new approach of "Green Medicines" or the phytochemicals and their secondary metabolites as a source of novel anti-fungal agents to overcome the drug resistance of C. albicans, their mechanism of action, and their combined effects with the available anti-fungal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andleeb Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - M Ali
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syam Mohan
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
- School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Huma Jan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar -190006, J&K, India
| | - Saiema Rasool
- Department of School Education, Govt. of Jammu & Kashmir, Srinagar, 190001 J&K, India
| | - Mohammad A Kamal
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589. Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
- Enzymoics, 7 Peterlee place, Hebersham, NSW 2770; Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Australia
| | - Saeed Alshahrani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maryam Halawi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A Alhazmi
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Ahmed LA, Al-Massri KF. Gut Microbiota Modulation for Therapeutic Management of Various Diseases: A New Perspective Using Stem Cell Therapy. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2023; 16:43-59. [PMID: 35196976 DOI: 10.2174/1874467215666220222105004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dysbiosis has been linked to various diseases ranging from cardiovascular, neurologic, gastrointestinal, respiratory, and metabolic illnesses to cancer. Restoring of gut microbiota balance represents an outstanding clinical target for the management of various multidrug-resistant diseases. Preservation of gut microbial diversity and composition could also improve stem cell therapy which now has diverse clinical applications in the field of regenerative medicine. Gut microbiota modulation and stem cell therapy may be considered a highly promising field that could add up towards the improvement of different diseases, increasing the outcome and efficacy of each other through mutual interplay or interaction between both therapies. Importantly, more investigations are required to reveal the cross-talk between microbiota modulation and stem cell therapy to pave the way for the development of new therapies with enhanced therapeutic outcomes. This review provides an overview of dysbiosis in various diseases and their management. It also discusses microbiota modulation via antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplant to introduce the concept of dysbiosis correction for the management of various diseases. Furthermore, we demonstrate the beneficial interactions between microbiota modulation and stem cell therapy as a way for the development of new therapies in addition to limitations and future challenges regarding the applications of these therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamiaa A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khaled F Al-Massri
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Palestine, Gaza, Palestine
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10
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Bondy SC. Relationships between Diabetes and the Intestinal Microbial Population. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010566. [PMID: 36614008 PMCID: PMC9820277 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by lower responsiveness of tissues to insulin and consequent large variations in circulating levels of glucose. This fluctuation has harmful effects as both hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia can be very injurious. The causes of diabetes are varied but the consequences are rather uniform. Dietary factors are important especially in adult onset type 2 diabetes (T2D) while type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by having a stronger heritable component and involving autoimmune attach on pancreatic beta cells. This review is focused on the relation of the bacterial components found within the intestine, to the establishment and maintenance of diabetes. The precise composition of the gut microbiome is increasingly recognized as a factor in organismic health and its interaction with a variety of disease states has been described. This is especially marked in the case of diabetes since the nature of the diet is an important factor in establishing both the microbiome and the incidence of diabetes. The bidirectional nature of this relationship is discussed. The effects of disease that lead to altered microbiomal composition together with aberrant metabolic changes are also included. Emphasis is given to the important role of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as mediators of the microbiome-diabetes relation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C. Bondy
- Department of Medicine, Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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11
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Kunath BJ, Hickl O, Queirós P, Martin-Gallausiaux C, Lebrun LA, Halder R, Laczny CC, Schmidt TSB, Hayward MR, Becher D, Heintz-Buschart A, de Beaufort C, Bork P, May P, Wilmes P. Alterations of oral microbiota and impact on the gut microbiome in type 1 diabetes mellitus revealed by integrated multi-omic analyses. MICROBIOME 2022; 10:243. [PMID: 36578059 PMCID: PMC9795701 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01435-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations to the gut microbiome have been linked to multiple chronic diseases. However, the drivers of such changes remain largely unknown. The oral cavity acts as a major route of exposure to exogenous factors including pathogens, and processes therein may affect the communities in the subsequent compartments of the gastrointestinal tract. Here, we perform strain-resolved, integrated meta-genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic analyses of paired saliva and stool samples collected from 35 individuals from eight families with multiple cases of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). RESULTS We identified distinct oral microbiota mostly reflecting competition between streptococcal species. More specifically, we found a decreased abundance of the commensal Streptococcus salivarius in the oral cavity of T1DM individuals, which is linked to its apparent competition with the pathobiont Streptococcus mutans. The decrease in S. salivarius in the oral cavity was also associated with its decrease in the gut as well as higher abundances in facultative anaerobes including Enterobacteria. In addition, we found evidence of gut inflammation in T1DM as reflected in the expression profiles of the Enterobacteria as well as in the human gut proteome. Finally, we were able to follow transmitted strain-variants from the oral cavity to the gut at the individual omic levels, highlighting not only the transfer, but also the activity of the transmitted taxa along the gastrointestinal tract. CONCLUSIONS Alterations of the oral microbiome in the context of T1DM impact the microbial communities in the lower gut, in particular through the reduction of "mouth-to-gut" transfer of Streptococcus salivarius. Our results indicate that the observed oral-cavity-driven gut microbiome changes may contribute towards the inflammatory processes involved in T1DM. Through the integration of multi-omic analyses, we resolve strain-variant "mouth-to-gut" transfer in a disease context. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Kunath
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - O Hickl
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - P Queirós
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | | | - L A Lebrun
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - R Halder
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - C C Laczny
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - T S B Schmidt
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M R Hayward
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - D Becher
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - A Heintz-Buschart
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - C de Beaufort
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Clinique Pédiatrique, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - P Bork
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- Max Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Yonsei Frontier Lab (YFL), Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
- Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - P May
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - P Wilmes
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg.
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12
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Functional and Taxonomic Traits of the Gut Microbiota in Type 1 Diabetes Children at the Onset: A Metaproteomic Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415982. [PMID: 36555624 PMCID: PMC9787575 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune metabolic disorder with onset in pediatric/adolescent age, characterized by insufficient insulin production, due to a progressive destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Evidence on the correlation between the human gut microbiota (GM) composition and T1D insurgence has been recently reported. In particular, 16S rRNA-based metagenomics has been intensively employed in the last decade in a number of investigations focused on GM representation in relation to a pre-disease state or to a response to clinical treatments. On the other hand, few works have been published using alternative functional omics, which is more suitable to provide a different interpretation of such a relationship. In this work, we pursued a comprehensive metaproteomic investigation on T1D children compared with a group of siblings (SIBL) and a reference control group (CTRL) composed of aged matched healthy subjects, with the aim of finding features in the T1D patients' GM to be related with the onset of the disease. Modulated metaproteins were found either by comparing T1D with CTRL and SIBL or by stratifying T1D by insulin need (IN), as a proxy of β-cells damage, showing some functional and taxonomic traits of the GM, possibly related to the disease onset at different stages of severity.
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13
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Jaffey JA, Okwumabua O, Graves TK, Al-Nakkash L, Monasky R, Wilson A, Thangamani S. Evaluation of Candida spp. and Other Fungi in Feces from Dogs with Naturally Occurring Diabetes Mellitus. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9100567. [PMID: 36288180 PMCID: PMC9609726 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9100567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Diabetes mellitus is a common endocrine disorder in dogs that is similar to type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in humans. Candida spp. is a common non-pathogenic fungi that is identified more commonly and in higher amounts in humans with T1DM, including the gastrointestinal tract. This change to the distribution of microorganisms that inhabit the intestine has potential to affect glycemic control and even spread to other organs and cause severe illness. There are no studies that have investigated whether diabetic dogs, like humans, have alterations to the intestinal mycobiome. Therefore, our study sought to determine whether differences exist in the types of fungi cultured from feces in diabetic dogs and non-diabetic healthy control dogs. In addition, we wanted to find out if there were variables associated with fungi colonization. Diabetic dogs had more quantitative fungal growth than controls and females were more likely to yield growth than males. Diabetic dogs were also more likely to have Candida spp. colonized from feces. Glycemic control was also seemingly associated with growth of Candida spp. in diabetic dogs. Our results indicate that the intestinal mycobiome is altered in diabetic dogs with increased prevalence of Candida spp. and quantitative growth of fungi. Abstract Diabetes mellitus is a common endocrinopathy in dogs and in most cases is analogous to type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in humans. Candida spp. is a common commensal fungi with higher prevalence and magnitude of growth in humans with T1DM. There is currently no published information about the fungal microbiome in diabetic dogs. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to (i) determine whether diabetic dogs were more likely to have Candida spp. or other types of fungi from feces compared to non-diabetic controls, and (ii) identify variables associated with fungi colonization. Fourteen diabetic dogs and 14 age, sex, and breed matched non-diabetic healthy control dogs were included in this prospective case–control study. Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) was used for fungal identification. Diabetic dogs had greater quantitative fungal growth compared to controls (p = 0.004). Moreover, female dogs were more likely to have fungi colonization than males (p = 0.02). All instances of Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp. colonization were exclusively identified in diabetic dogs. Serum fructosamine concentration was higher in diabetic dogs with fecal colonization of Candida spp. compared to diabetic dogs without growth (p = 0.03). Our results indicate that the fungal microbiome in feces is altered in diabetic dogs, which seem to favor an increased prevalence of Candida spp. and higher quantitative fungal growth. Moreover, female sex and glycemic control could affect the intestinal mycobiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared A. Jaffey
- Department of Specialty Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
- Correspondence: (J.A.J.); (S.T.)
| | - Ogi Okwumabua
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Thomas K. Graves
- Department of Specialty Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Layla Al-Nakkash
- Department of Physiology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Ross Monasky
- Department of Specialty Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Alec Wilson
- Department of Specialty Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Shankar Thangamani
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
- Purdue Institute for Immunology, Inflammation and Infectious Diseases (PI4D), West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
- Correspondence: (J.A.J.); (S.T.)
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14
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Zeng L, Deng Y, Yang K, Chen J, He Q, Chen H. Safety and efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation for autoimmune diseases and autoinflammatory diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:944387. [PMID: 36248877 PMCID: PMC9562921 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.944387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation for autoimmune diseases and autoinflammatory diseases.MethodsRelevant literature was retrieved from the PubMed database, Embase database, Cochrane Library database, etc. The search period is from the establishment of the database to January 2022. The outcomes include clinical symptoms, improvement in biochemistry, improvement in intestinal microbiota, improvement in the immune system, and adverse events. Literature screening and data extraction were independently carried out by two researchers according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and RevMan 5.3 software was used for statistics and analysis.ResultsOverall, a total of 14 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving six types of autoimmune diseases were included. The results showed the following. 1) Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM): compared with the autologous fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) group (control group), the fasting plasma C peptide in the allogenic FMT group at 12 months was lower. 2) Systemic sclerosis: at week 4, compared with one of two placebo controls, three patients in the experimental group reported a major improvement in fecal incontinence. 3) Ulcerative colitis, pediatric ulcerative colitis, and Crohn’s disease: FMT may increase clinical remission, clinical response, and endoscopic remission for patients with ulcerative colitis and increase clinical remission for patients with Crohn’s disease. 4) Psoriatic arthritis: there was no difference in the ratio of ACR20 between the two groups.ConclusionBased on current evidence, the application of FMT in the treatment of autoimmune diseases is effective and relatively safe, and it is expected to be used as a method to induce remission of active autoimmune diseases.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021235055, identifier CRD42021235055.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuting Zeng
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Liuting Zeng, ; Kailin Yang, ; Ying Deng, ; Hua Chen, ; Junpeng Chen,
| | - Ying Deng
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Liuting Zeng, ; Kailin Yang, ; Ying Deng, ; Hua Chen, ; Junpeng Chen,
| | - Kailin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Liuting Zeng, ; Kailin Yang, ; Ying Deng, ; Hua Chen, ; Junpeng Chen,
| | - Junpeng Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China
- *Correspondence: Liuting Zeng, ; Kailin Yang, ; Ying Deng, ; Hua Chen, ; Junpeng Chen,
| | - Qi He
- People's Hospital of Ningxiang City, Ningxiang City, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Liuting Zeng, ; Kailin Yang, ; Ying Deng, ; Hua Chen, ; Junpeng Chen,
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15
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Syromyatnikov M, Nesterova E, Gladkikh M, Smirnova Y, Gryaznova M, Popov V. Characteristics of the Gut Bacterial Composition in People of Different Nationalities and Religions. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091866. [PMID: 36144468 PMCID: PMC9501501 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
High-throughput sequencing has made it possible to extensively study the human gut microbiota. The links between the human gut microbiome and ethnicity, religion, and race remain rather poorly understood. In this review, data on the relationship between gut microbiota composition and the nationality of people and their religion were generalized. The unique gut microbiome of a healthy European (including Slavic nationality) is characterized by the dominance of the phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia. Among the African population, the typical members of the microbiota are Bacteroides and Prevotella. The gut microbiome of Asians is very diverse and rich in members of the genera Prevotella, Bacteroides Lactobacillus, Faecalibacterium, Ruminococcus, Subdoligranulum, Coprococcus, Collinsella, Megasphaera, Bifidobacterium, and Phascolarctobacterium. Among Buddhists and Muslims, the Prevotella enterotype is characteristic of the gut microbiome, while other representatives of religions, including Christians, have the Bacteroides enterotype. Most likely, the gut microbiota of people of different nationalities and religions are influenced by food preferences. The review also considers the influences of pathologies such as obesity, Crohn’s disease, cancer, diabetes, etc., on the bacterial composition of the guts of people of different nationalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Syromyatnikov
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Ekaterina Nesterova
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Maria Gladkikh
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Yuliya Smirnova
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Mariya Gryaznova
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Vasily Popov
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
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16
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The effect of probiotics/synbiotics supplementation on renal and liver biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:625-635. [PMID: 34544511 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521003780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite the apparent beneficial effects of probiotics/synbiotics on glucose haemostasis, lipid profile and inflammatory responses, it is not clear whether these beneficial effects also impact renal and hepatic function in diabetes. Therefore, we sought to assess the effect of probiotics/synbiotics supplementation on renal and liver biomarkers in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT). PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library were systematically searched, up to February 2021. The pooled weighted mean difference (WMD) was estimated using a random-effects model. The methodological quality of studies, as well as certainty of evidence, was assessed using standard scales. Fifteen related trials were identified. Meta-analysis of six trials, involving 426 participants, indicated that probiotics/synbiotics supplementation reduced serum levels of creatinine (WMD = -0·10 mg/dl, 95 % CI -0·20, -0·00; P = 0·01; I 2 = 87·7 %; P-heterogeneity < 0·001), without any significant effect on blood urea nitrogen (BUN), glomerular filtration rate or microalbuminuria. No significant improvement was found on liver biomarkers following probiotics/synbiotics supplementation. The subgroup analysis showed a significant improvement in BUN when follow-up duration lasted for 12 weeks or more (WMD = -1·215 mg/dl, 95 % CI -1·933, -0·496; P = 0·001) and in creatinine levels in patients with renal dysfunction (WMD = -0·209 mg/dl, 95 % CI -0·322, -0·096; P < 0·001). Our results are insufficient to advocate the use of probiotics/synbiotics for improving renal or liver function in patients with T2DM. Indeed, due to the low certainty of evidence, these findings need to be affirmed in further high-quality RCT.
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17
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Auchtung TA, Stewart CJ, Smith DP, Triplett EW, Agardh D, Hagopian WA, Ziegler AG, Rewers MJ, She JX, Toppari J, Lernmark Å, Akolkar B, Krischer JP, Vehik K, Auchtung JM, Ajami NJ, Petrosino JF. Temporal changes in gastrointestinal fungi and the risk of autoimmunity during early childhood: the TEDDY study. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3151. [PMID: 35672407 PMCID: PMC9174155 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30686-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections are a major health problem that often begin in the gastrointestinal tract. Gut microbe interactions in early childhood are critical for proper immune responses, yet there is little known about the development of the fungal population from infancy into childhood. Here, as part of the TEDDY (The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young) study, we examine stool samples of 888 children from 3 to 48 months and find considerable differences between fungi and bacteria. The metagenomic relative abundance of fungi was extremely low but increased while weaning from milk and formula. Overall fungal diversity remained constant over time, in contrast with the increase in bacterial diversity. Fungal profiles had high temporal variation, but there was less variation from month-to-month in an individual than among different children of the same age. Fungal composition varied with geography, diet, and the use of probiotics. Multiple Candida spp. were at higher relative abundance in children than adults, while Malassezia and certain food-associated fungi were lower in children. There were only subtle fungal differences associated with the subset of children that developed islet autoimmunity or type 1 diabetes. Having proper fungal exposures may be crucial for children to establish appropriate responses to fungi and limit the risk of infection: the data here suggests those gastrointestinal exposures are limited and variable.
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Grants
- U01 DK063821 NIDDK NIH HHS
- UC4 DK063863 NIDDK NIH HHS
- UL1 TR002535 NCATS NIH HHS
- U01 DK063790 NIDDK NIH HHS
- UL1 TR000064 NCATS NIH HHS
- HHSN267200700014C NLM NIH HHS
- U01 DK063836 NIDDK NIH HHS
- U01 DK063829 NIDDK NIH HHS
- U01 DK063865 NIDDK NIH HHS
- UC4 DK095300 NIDDK NIH HHS
- UC4 DK063861 NIDDK NIH HHS
- UC4 DK063829 NIDDK NIH HHS
- UC4 DK063821 NIDDK NIH HHS
- UC4 DK117483 NIDDK NIH HHS
- UC4 DK063836 NIDDK NIH HHS
- UC4 DK112243 NIDDK NIH HHS
- U01 DK124166 NIDDK NIH HHS
- U01 DK063861 NIDDK NIH HHS
- P30 ES030285 NIEHS NIH HHS
- U01 DK128847 NIDDK NIH HHS
- UC4 DK063865 NIDDK NIH HHS
- U01 DK063863 NIDDK NIH HHS
- UC4 DK106955 NIDDK NIH HHS
- UC4 DK100238 NIDDK NIH HHS
- This research was performed on behalf of the TEDDY Study Group, which is funded by U01 DK63829, U01 DK63861, U01 DK63821, U01 DK63865, U01 DK63863, U01 DK63836, U01 DK63790, UC4 DK63829, UC4 DK63861, UC4 DK63821, UC4 DK63865, UC4 DK63863, UC4 DK63836, UC4 DK95300, UC4 DK100238, UC4 DK106955, UC4 DK112243, UC4 DK117483, U01 DK124166, U01 DK128847, and Contract No. HHSN267200700014C from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and JDRF. This work is supported in part by the NIH/NCATS Clinical and Translational Science Awards to the University of Florida (UL1 TR000064) and the University of Colorado (UL1 TR002535).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Auchtung
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
| | - Christopher J Stewart
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Daniel P Smith
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eric W Triplett
- Microbiology and Cell Science Department, Institute for Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Daniel Agardh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Clinical Research Center, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Anette G Ziegler
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Forschergruppe Diabetes, Technische Universität München, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
- Forschergruppe Diabetes e.V. at Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Marian J Rewers
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jin-Xiong She
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Jinfiniti Precision Medicine, Inc, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Jorma Toppari
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Åke Lernmark
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University/CRC, Skane University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Beena Akolkar
- National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey P Krischer
- Health Informatics Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Kendra Vehik
- Health Informatics Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jennifer M Auchtung
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Nadim J Ajami
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Program for Innovative Microbiome and Translational Research, Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joseph F Petrosino
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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18
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Mycobiota composition and changes across pregnancy in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Sci Rep 2022; 12:9192. [PMID: 35654937 PMCID: PMC9163055 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13438-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut mycobiota has never been studied either during pregnancy or in patients with gestational diabetes (GDM). This study aimed to analyze the fecal mycobiota of GDM patients during the second (T2) and third (T3) trimester of pregnancy and to compare it with the mycobiota of pregnant normoglycemic women (controls). Forty-one GDM patients and 121 normoglycemic women were studied. GDM mycobiota was composed almost exclusively by the Ascomycota phylum; Basidiomicota accounted for 43% of the relative frequency of the controls. Kluyveromyces (p < 0.001), Metschnikowia (p < 0.001), and Pichia (p < 0.001) showed a significantly higher frequency in GDM patients, while Saccharomyces (p = 0.019), were more prevalent in controls. From T2 to T3, a reduction in fungal alpha diversity was found in GDM patients, with an increase of the relative frequency of Candida, and the reduction of some pro-inflammatory taxa. Many associations between fungi and foods and nutrients were detected. Finally, several fungi and bacteria showed competition or co-occurrence. Patients with GDM showed a predominance of fungal taxa with potential inflammatory effects when compared to normoglycemic pregnant women, with a marked shift in their mycobiota during pregnancy, and complex bacteria-fungi interactions.
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19
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Padakandla SR, Das T, Sai Prashanthi G, Angadi KK, Reddy SS, Reddy GB, Shivaji S. Gut mycobiome dysbiosis in rats showing retinal changes indicative of diabetic retinopathy. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267080. [PMID: 35439275 PMCID: PMC9017887 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study compared the gut mycobiomes of diabetic rats generated by a streptozotocin chemical challenge, diabetic rats with retinal changes and normal control rats over a period of 4 months. Sustained increase in blood sugar levels (>150 mg/dL) confirmed the induction of diabetes. Histology and immunohistochemistry were used to identify changes in the retinal tissues in the diabetic rats indicative of the animals progressing into diabetic retinopathy. Gut mycobiomes generated using faecal DNA, indicated dysbiosis at the genus level in both diabetic (DM) and diabetic rats with retinal changes (DRC) when compared with the control rats. In Tables 3–6 the specific genera that were significantly increased/decreased in DM1 and DM2 and in DRC1 and DRC2 respectively compared to the respective controls CT1-CT4 rats are listed. Further, the mycobiomes of the DM and DRC rats separated into distinct clusters following heat-map analysis of the discriminating genera. In addition, β-diversity analysis separated the mycobiomes of DM and DRC rats from that of the control rats, but the mycobiomes of diabetic rats and diabetic rats with retinal changes showed an overlap. Based on the inferred functions of the discriminating genera in the mycobiomes, we speculated that increase in pathogenic fungi might contribute to the inflammatory status both in diabetic rats and rats showing retinal changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalem Raj Padakandla
- Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Taraprasad Das
- Smt. Kanuri Santhamma Centre for Vitreo Retinal Diseases, L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Gumpili Sai Prashanthi
- Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Kiran Kumar Angadi
- Biochemistry Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - S. Sreenivasa Reddy
- Biochemistry Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - G. Bhanuprakash Reddy
- Biochemistry Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sisinthy Shivaji
- Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- * E-mail:
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20
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Bedi S, Richardson TM, Jia B, Saab H, Brinkman FSL, Westley M. Similarities between bacterial GAD and human GAD65: Implications in gut mediated autoimmune type 1 diabetes. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0261103. [PMID: 35196314 PMCID: PMC8865633 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of islet autoantibodies (AAbs) can predict and possibly dictate eventual type 1 diabetes (T1D) diagnosis. Upwards of 75% of those with T1D are positive for AAbs against glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65 or GAD), a producer of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in human pancreatic beta cells. Interestingly, bacterial populations within the human gut also express GAD and produce GABA. Evidence suggests that dysbiosis of the microbiome may correlate with T1D pathogenesis and physiology. Therefore, autoimmune linkages between the gut microbiome and islets susceptible to autoimmune attack need to be further elucidated. Utilizing in silico analyses, we show that 25 GAD sequences from human gut bacterial sources show sequence and motif similarities to human beta cell GAD65. Our motif analyses determined that most gut GAD sequences contain the pyroxical dependent decarboxylase (PDD) domain of human GAD65, which is important for its enzymatic activity. Additionally, we showed overlap with known human GAD65 T cell receptor epitopes, which may implicate the immune destruction of beta cells. Thus, we propose a physiological hypothesis in which changes in the gut microbiome in those with T1D result in a release of bacterial GAD, thus causing miseducation of the host immune system. Due to the notable similarities we found between human and bacterial GAD, these deputized immune cells may then target human beta cells leading to the development of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhana Bedi
- Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States of America
| | - Tiffany M. Richardson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Baofeng Jia
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, CA, United States of America
| | - Hadeel Saab
- Intern, The(sugar)science, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Fiona S. L. Brinkman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, CA, United States of America
| | - Monica Westley
- Founder, The(sugar)science, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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21
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Bandala-Sanchez E, Roth-Schulze AJ, Oakey H, Penno MAS, Bediaga NG, Naselli G, Ngui KM, Smith AD, Huang D, Zozaya-Valdes E, Thomson RL, Brown JD, Vuillermin PJ, Barry SC, Craig ME, Rawlinson WD, Davis EA, Harris M, Soldatos G, Colman PG, Wentworth JM, Haynes A, Morahan G, Sinnott RO, Papenfuss AT, Couper JJ, Harrison LC. Women with type 1 diabetes exhibit a progressive increase in gut Saccharomyces cerevisiae in pregnancy associated with evidence of gut inflammation. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022; 184:109189. [PMID: 35051423 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Studies of the gut microbiome have focused on its bacterial composition. We aimed to characterize the gut fungal microbiome (mycobiome) across pregnancy in women with and without type 1 diabetes. METHODS Faecal samples (n = 162) were collected from 70 pregnant women (45 with and 25 without type 1 diabetes) across all trimesters. Fungi were analysed by internal transcribed spacer 1 amplicon sequencing. Markers of intestinal inflammation (faecal calprotectin) and intestinal epithelial integrity (serum intestinal fatty acid binding protein; I-FABP), and serum antibodies to Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ASCA) were measured. RESULTS Women with type 1 diabetes had decreased fungal alpha diversity by the third trimester, associated with an increased abundance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that was inversely related to the abundance of the anti-inflammatory butyrate-producing bacterium Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. Women with type 1 diabetes had higher concentrations of calprotectin, I-FABP and ASCA. CONCLUSIONS Women with type 1 diabetes exhibit a shift in the gut mycobiome across pregnancy associated with evidence of gut inflammation and impaired intestinal barrier function. The relevance of these findings to the higher rate of pregnancy complications in type 1 diabetes warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Bandala-Sanchez
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alexandra J Roth-Schulze
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Helena Oakey
- The University of Adelaide, Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Megan A S Penno
- The University of Adelaide, Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Naiara G Bediaga
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gaetano Naselli
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Katrina M Ngui
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alannah D Smith
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Dexing Huang
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Enrique Zozaya-Valdes
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca L Thomson
- The University of Adelaide, Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - James D Brown
- The University of Adelaide, Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Peter J Vuillermin
- Faculty of School of Medicine, Deakin University and Child Health Research Unit, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Simon C Barry
- The University of Adelaide, Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Maria E Craig
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - William D Rawlinson
- Virology Research Laboratory, Serology and Virology Division, South Eastern Area Laboratory Services Microbiology, NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A Davis
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Mark Harris
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia; Queensland Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Georgia Soldatos
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne and Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Unit, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter G Colman
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - John M Wentworth
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Aveni Haynes
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Grant Morahan
- Centre for Diabetes Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Richard O Sinnott
- Melbourne eResearch Group, School of Computing and Information Services, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anthony T Papenfuss
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology and School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Bioinformatics and Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jennifer J Couper
- The University of Adelaide, Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Leonard C Harrison
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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22
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Pu Z, Sun Y, Jiang H, Hou Q, Yan H, Wen H, Li G. Effects of Berberine on Gut Microbiota in Patients with Mild Metabolic Disorders Induced by Olanzapine. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 49:1949-1963. [PMID: 34961418 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x21500920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Secondary metabolic disturbances in patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder may be attributed to olanzapine. It is important to prevent mild metabolic disorders progressing to metabolic syndrome. This study aims to investigate the effects of berberine on intestinal flora in patients with mild metabolic disorders induced by olanzapine. A total of 132 patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or schizoaffective psychosis that had been treated with olanzapine for at least 9 months were randomly assigned ([Formula: see text] = 66 each) to receive berberine or placebo tablets for 12 weeks. Metabolic assessments and intestinal flora were quantified at baseline and after 4, 8, and 12 weeks of treatment. Incidence rates of adverse reactions were recorded. FPG, FPI, HOMA-IR, HbA1, TG, BMI, and WC were significantly lower in patients who received berberine compared to placebo after 12 weeks of treatment ([Formula: see text]< 0.05). The abundance of firmicutes and coliform were significantly lower and the abundance of bacteroides significantly higher in patients who received berberine compared to placebo after 12 weeks of treatment ([Formula: see text]< 0.05). In patients who received berberine, the abundance of firmicutes was significantly decreased, and the abundance of bacteroides was significantly increased, and in patients who received placebo, the abundance of firmicutes was significantly increased post-treatment, compared to baseline (both [Formula: see text]< 0.05). In conclusions, berberine may regulate intestinal flora and metabolism in patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder and mild metabolic disturbances induced by olanzapine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengping Pu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong, University School of Medicine, Xuhui 200030, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Department of Psychiatry, Kangci Hospital of Jiaxing, Tongxiang 314500, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Yunying Sun
- Endocrinology Department, First People's Hospital of Haining, Haining 314400, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Hongxia Jiang
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangci Hospital of Jiaxing, Tongxiang 314500, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Qingmei Hou
- Department of Clinical Psychology, The Second Specialized Hospital of Hegang, Hegang 154102, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Hui Yan
- Department of Psychiatry, Second People's Hospital of Taizhou, Tiantai 317200, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Hui Wen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Second People's Hospital of Tongxiang, Tongxiang 314500, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Guorong Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangci Hospital of Jiaxing, Tongxiang 314500, Zhejiang, P. R. China
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23
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Vavreckova M, Galanova N, Kostovcik M, Krystynik O, Ivanovova E, Roubalova R, Jiraskova Zakostelska Z, Friedecky D, Friedecka J, Haluzik M, Karasek D, Kostovcikova K. Specific gut bacterial and fungal microbiota pattern in the first half of pregnancy is linked to the development of gestational diabetes mellitus in the cohort including obese women. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:970825. [PMID: 36133313 PMCID: PMC9484836 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.970825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Gestation is linked to changes in gut microbiota composition and function. Since gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) can develop at any time of the pregnancy, we stratified the women into four groups according to the time and test used for the diagnosis. We focused on the gut microbiota pattern in early pregnancy to detect changes which could be linked to later GDM development. METHODS We collected stool samples from 104 pregnant women including obese individuals (first trimester body mass index median was 26.73). We divided the women into four groups according to routine screening of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels and oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) in the first and third trimesters, respectively. We processed the stool samples for bacterial 16S rRNA and fungal ITS1 genes sequencing by Illumina MiSeq approach and correlated the gut microbiota composition with plasma short-chain fatty acid levels (SCFA). RESULTS We found that gut bacterial microbiota in the first trimester significantly differs among groups with different GDM onset based on unweighted UniFrac distances (p=0.003). Normoglycemic women had gut microbiota associated with higher abundance of family Prevotellaceae, and order Fusobacteriales, and genus Sutterella. Women diagnosed later during pregnancy either by FGP levels or by oGTT had higher abundances of genera Enterococcus, or Erysipelotrichaceae UCG-003, respectively. We observed significant enrichment of fungal genus Mucor in healthy pregnant women whereas Candida was more abundant in the group of pregnant women with impaired oGTT. Using correlation analysis, we found that Holdemanella negatively correlated with Blautia and Candida abundances and that Escherichia/Shigella abundance positively correlated and Subdoligranulum negatively correlated with plasma lipid levels. Coprococcus, Akkermansia, Methanobrevibacter, Phascolarctobacterium and Alistipes positively correlated with acetate, valerate, 2-hydroxybutyrate and 2-methylbutyrate levels, respectively, in women with GDM. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that there are significant differences in the gut microbiota composition between pregnant women with and without GDM already at the early stage of pregnancy in our cohort that included also overweight and obese individuals. Specific microbial pattern associated with GDM development during early pregnancy and its correlation to plasma lipid or SCFA levels could help to identify women in higher risk of GDM development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marketa Vavreckova
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Natalie Galanova
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martin Kostovcik
- Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ondrej Krystynik
- Third Department of Internal Medicine – Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Eliska Ivanovova
- Laboratory for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital Olomouc, and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Radka Roubalova
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Zuzana Jiraskova Zakostelska
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - David Friedecky
- Laboratory for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital Olomouc, and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Jaroslava Friedecka
- Laboratory for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital Olomouc, and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Martin Haluzik
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - David Karasek
- Third Department of Internal Medicine – Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Klara Kostovcikova
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Klara Kostovcikova,
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24
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Piccolo G, De Rose EL, Bassi M, Napoli F, Minuto N, Maghnie M, Patti G, d’Annunzio G. Infectious diseases associated with pediatric type 1 diabetes mellitus: A narrative review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:966344. [PMID: 36093078 PMCID: PMC9449538 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.966344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been frequently associated with an impaired immune response against infectious agents, making affected patients at risk for more severe disease and sometimes causing worse outcomes. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has seriously affected patients with both diabetes, in particular those carrying comorbidities or with poor glycemic control. As regards pediatric diabetes mellitus, the availability of more accurate and technological tools for glycemic management and the improved markers of metabolic control might mitigate the negative impact of infections. Notably, good metabolic control of diabetes since its diagnosis reduces not only the risk of microangiopathic complications but also of impaired immune response to infectious diseases. Therefore, vaccinations are strongly recommended. Our paper aims to provide the most updated evidence regarding infectious diseases in type 1 pediatric DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Piccolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Neuro-oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
- *Correspondence: Gianluca Piccolo, ; Giuseppa Patti,
| | - Elena Lucia De Rose
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marta Bassi
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Pediatric Clinic and Endocrinology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Flavia Napoli
- Pediatric Clinic and Endocrinology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Nicola Minuto
- Pediatric Clinic and Endocrinology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
- Pediatric Clinic and Endocrinology Unit, Regional Center for Pediatric Diabetes, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mohamad Maghnie
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Pediatric Clinic and Endocrinology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Patti
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Pediatric Clinic and Endocrinology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
- *Correspondence: Gianluca Piccolo, ; Giuseppa Patti,
| | - Giuseppe d’Annunzio
- Pediatric Clinic and Endocrinology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
- Pediatric Clinic and Endocrinology Unit, Regional Center for Pediatric Diabetes, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
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25
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Mokhtari P, Metos J, Anandh Babu PV. Impact of type 1 diabetes on the composition and functional potential of gut microbiome in children and adolescents: possible mechanisms, current knowledge, and challenges. Gut Microbes 2021; 13:1-18. [PMID: 34101547 PMCID: PMC8205092 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1926841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes prevalence and incidence among youth have been increasing globally. Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) in children or adolescents accounts for 5-10% of all diagnosed cases of diabetes. Emerging evidence indicates that genetic factors, especially genes in the human leukocyte antigen region, are not the only factors involved in the predisposition of an individual to T1D. The pathogenesis and development of T1D is driven by both genetic predisposition and environmental factors. Studies indicate that gut microbiota is one of the potential environmental influencers involved in the pathophysiology of TID. Gut microbiota mediates the development of diabetes by altering intestinal permeability, modifying intestinal immunity, and molecular mimicry. The gut microbial diversity, taxonomic profile, and functional potential of gut microbes are significantly altered in individuals with T1D as compared to healthy individuals. However, studies are still needed to identify the specific microbes and microbial metabolites that are involved in the development and pathogenesis of T1D. This will help the development of microbiome-based therapeutic strategies for the prevention and treatment of T1D. The present review article highlights the following: (i) the current knowledge and knowledge gaps in understanding the association between T1D and gut microbiome specifically focusing on the composition and functional potential of gut microbiome in children and adolescents, (ii) the possible mechanisms involved in gut microbiome-mediated T1D pathogenesis, and (iii) challenges and future direction in this field.Abbreviations: B/F ratio: Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes ratio; F/B ratio: Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio; FDR: First-degree relatives; GPR: G protein-coupled receptors; HLA: human leucocyte antigen; IL: interleukin; IFN- γ: interferon-γ; KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; mTOR: mammalian target of rapamycin; PICRUSt: Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States; SCFA: short chain fatty acids; T1D: Type 1 diabetes; T2D: Type 2 diabetes; TJ: tight junction; Tregs: regulatory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pari Mokhtari
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Julie Metos
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Pon Velayutham Anandh Babu
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA,CONTACT Pon Velayutham Anandh Babu Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
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26
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Zhang L, Zhan H, Xu W, Yan S, Ng SC. The role of gut mycobiome in health and diseases. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2021; 14:17562848211047130. [PMID: 34589139 PMCID: PMC8474302 DOI: 10.1177/17562848211047130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome comprised of microbes from multiple kingdoms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Emerging evidence suggests that the intestinal fungi (the gut "mycobiome") play an important role in host immunity and inflammation. Advances in next generation sequencing methods to study the fungi in fecal samples and mucosa tissues have expanded our understanding of gut fungi in intestinal homeostasis and systemic immunity in health and their contribution to different human diseases. In this review, the current status of gut mycobiome in health, early life, and different diseases including inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, and metabolic diseases were summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wenye Xu
- Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of
Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong,
China,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The
Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China,State Key Laboratory for Digestive disease,
Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin,
Hong Kong, China,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics,
Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong,
China
| | - Shuai Yan
- Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of
Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong,
China,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The
Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China,State Key Laboratory for Digestive disease,
Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin,
Hong Kong, China,Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care
and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong,
Shatin, Hong Kong, China
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27
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Zaky A, Glastras SJ, Wong MYW, Pollock CA, Saad S. The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Diabetes and Obesity-Related Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9641. [PMID: 34502562 PMCID: PMC8431784 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a progressive disorder, which is increasing globally in prevalence due to the increased incidence of obesity and diabetes mellitus. Despite optimal clinical management, a significant number of patients with diabetes develop DKD. Hence, hitherto unrecognized factors are likely to be involved in the initiation and progression of DKD. An extensive number of studies have demonstrated the role of microbiota in health and disease. Dysregulation in the microbiota resulting in a deficiency of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as propionate, acetate, and butyrate, by-products of healthy gut microbiota metabolism, have been demonstrated in obesity, type 1 and type 2 diabetes. However, it is not clear to date whether such changes in the microbiota are causative or merely associated with the diseases. It is also not clear which microbiota have protective effects on humans. Few studies have investigated the centrality of reduced SCFA in DKD development and progression or the potential therapeutic effects of supplemental SCFAs on insulin resistance, inflammation, and metabolic changes. SCFA receptors are expressed in the kidneys, and emerging data have demonstrated that intestinal dysbiosis activates the renal renin-angiotensin system, which contributes to the development of DKD. In this review, we will summarize the complex relationship between the gut microbiota and the kidney, examine the evidence for the role of gut dysbiosis in diabetes and obesity-related kidney disease, and explore the mechanisms involved. In addition, we will describe the role of potential therapies that modulate the gut microbiota to prevent or reduce kidney disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amgad Zaky
- Renal Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; (A.Z.); (S.J.G.); (M.Y.W.W.); (C.A.P.)
| | - Sarah J. Glastras
- Renal Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; (A.Z.); (S.J.G.); (M.Y.W.W.); (C.A.P.)
- Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - May Y. W. Wong
- Renal Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; (A.Z.); (S.J.G.); (M.Y.W.W.); (C.A.P.)
- Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Carol A. Pollock
- Renal Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; (A.Z.); (S.J.G.); (M.Y.W.W.); (C.A.P.)
- Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Sonia Saad
- Renal Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; (A.Z.); (S.J.G.); (M.Y.W.W.); (C.A.P.)
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Insights from Bacteroides Species in Children with Type 1 Diabetes. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9071436. [PMID: 34361871 PMCID: PMC8306409 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous study the enrichment of the intestinal proteome of type 1 diabetes (T1D) children with Bacteroides proteins was observed, which led us to our current study that aimed to isolate and characterize Bacteroides species from fecal samples of T1D and control children. Repetitive sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) was used for typing the isolated Bacteroides species. The antibiotic susceptibility and mucinolytic activity of the isolates was determined. The quantification of specific bacterial groups in the fecal samples was determined by qPCR. The ability to adhere and invade the human colonic cell line HT29-MTX-E12 of strains of P. dorei, B. uniformis and P. distasonis was determined and their whole genome sequencing was performed. The results showed similar numbers of Bacteroides species in T1D and control samples, but unique Bacteroides species and a higher recovery of P. distasonis from T1D samples was observed. Rep-PCR grouped the different Bacteroides species, but no discrimination by origin was achieved. T1D children showed a significant increase in Proteobacteria and a depletion in Lactobacillus sp. All tested P. dorei, B. uniformis and P. distasonis were able to adhere to HT29-MTX-E12 cells but significant differences (p < 0.05) in the ability to invade was observed. The highest ability to invade was exhibited by P. distasonis PtF D14MH1 and P. dorei PtFD16P1, while B. uniformis strains were unable to invade. The damage to tight junctions was also observed. The presence of Lactobacillus sp. inhibited the invasion ability of P. distasonis PtF D14MH1 but not P. dorei PtFD16P1. Sequences of agonist peptides of the human natural preproinsulin and the insulin B chain insB:9-23 peptide mimics were identified. The results reported in our study stresses the continued efforts required to clarify the link between T1D and gut microbiota.
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Torun A, Hupalowska A, Trzonkowski P, Kierkus J, Pyrzynska B. Intestinal Microbiota in Common Chronic Inflammatory Disorders Affecting Children. Front Immunol 2021; 12:642166. [PMID: 34163468 PMCID: PMC8215716 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.642166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence rate of chronic inflammatory disorders is on the rise in the pediatric population. Recent research indicates the crucial role of interactions between the altered intestinal microbiome and the immune system in the pathogenesis of several chronic inflammatory disorders in children, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and celiac disease (CeD). Here, we review recent knowledge concerning the pathogenic mechanisms underlying these disorders, and summarize the facts suggesting that the initiation and progression of IBD, T1DM, and CeD can be partially attributed to disturbances in the patterns of composition and abundance of the gut microbiota. The standard available therapies for chronic inflammatory disorders in children largely aim to treat symptoms. Although constant efforts are being made to maximize the quality of life for children in the long-term, sustained improvements are still difficult to achieve. Additional challenges are the changing physiology associated with growth and development of children, a population that is particularly susceptible to medication-related adverse effects. In this review, we explore new promising therapeutic approaches aimed at modulation of either gut microbiota or the activity of the immune system to induce a long-lasting remission of chronic inflammatory disorders. Recent preclinical studies and clinical trials have evaluated new approaches, for instance the adoptive transfer of immune cells, with genetically engineered regulatory T cells expressing antigen-specific chimeric antigen receptors. These approaches have revolutionized cancer treatments and have the potential for the protection of high-risk children from developing autoimmune diseases and effective management of inflammatory disorders. The review also focuses on the findings of studies that indicate that the responses to a variety of immunotherapies can be enhanced by strategic manipulation of gut microbiota, thus emphasizing on the importance of proper interaction between the gut microbiota and immune system for sustained health benefits and improvement of the quality of life of pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Torun
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Hupalowska
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Piotr Trzonkowski
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jaroslaw Kierkus
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Feeding Disorders and Pediatrics, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Pyrzynska
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Grabia M, Markiewicz-Żukowska R, Socha K. Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Possibilities of Prevention and Treatment: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061782. [PMID: 34071142 PMCID: PMC8224679 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are an increasingly common problem, not only among the healthy population, but also in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). Excess body weight is related to many cardiometabolic complications as well as a high risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). The purpose of this systematic review is to provide a concise and critical overview of the prevalence of MetS in children and adolescents with T1DM and, ultimately, to discuss prevention and treatment options. The study was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. This review shows that, apart from the growing percentage of overweight and obese children and adolescents with T1DM (on average 20.1% and 9.5%, respectively), the problem of the increasing incidence of MetS (range from 3.2 to 29.9%, depending on the criteria used) is one of the most important phenomena of our time. One of the methods of prevention and treatment is a combined approach: changing eating habits and lifestyle, but there are also reports about the beneficial effects of the gut microflora.
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Wu X, Xia Y, He F, Zhu C, Ren W. Intestinal mycobiota in health and diseases: from a disrupted equilibrium to clinical opportunities. MICROBIOME 2021; 9:60. [PMID: 33715629 PMCID: PMC7958491 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01024-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and fungi establish a complex ecosystem in the gut. Like other microbiota, gut mycobiota plays an indispensable role in modulating intestinal physiology. Notably, the most striking characteristics of intestinal fungi are their extraintestinal functions. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the importance of gut fungi in the regulation of intestinal, pulmonary, hepatic, renal, pancreatic, and brain functions, and we present possible opportunities for the application of gut mycobiota to alleviate/treat human diseases. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Yaoyao Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Fang He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716 China
| | - Congrui Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS USA
| | - Wenkai Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
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Yan C, Duan G, Wu FX, Pan Y, Wang J. MCHMDA:Predicting Microbe-Disease Associations Based on Similarities and Low-Rank Matrix Completion. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 2021; 18:611-620. [PMID: 31295117 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2019.2926716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
With the development of high-through sequencing technology and microbiology, many studies have evidenced that microbes are associated with human diseases, such as obesity, liver cancer, and so on. Therefore, identifying the association between microbes and diseases has become an important study topic in current bioinformatics. The emergence of microbe-disease association database has provided an unprecedented opportunity to develop computational method for predicting microbe-disease associations. In the study, we propose a low-rank matrix completion method (called MCHMDA) to predict microbe-disease associations by integrating similarities of microbes and diseases and known microbe-disease associations into a heterogeneous network. The microbe similarity is computed from Gaussian Interaction Profile (GIP) kernel similarity based on the known microbe-disease associations. Then, we further improve the microbe similarity by taking into account the inhabiting organs of these microbes in human body. The disease similarity is computed by the average of disease GIP similarity, disease symptom-based similarity, and disease functional similarity. Then, we construct a heterogeneous microbe-disease association network by integrating the microbe similarity network, disease similarity network, and known microbe-disease association network. Finally, a matrix completion method is used to calculate the association scores of unknown microbe-disease pairs by the fast Singular Value Thresholding (SVT) algorithm. Via 5-fold Cross Validation (5CV) and Leave-One-Out Cross Validation (LOOCV), we evaluate the prediction performances of MCHMDA and other state-of-the-art methods which include BRWMDA, NGRHMDA, LRLSHMDA, and KATZHMDA. On benchmark dataset HMDAD, the experimental results show that MCHMDA outperforms other methods in terms of area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). MCHMDA achieves the AUC values of 0.9251 and 0.9495 in 5CV and LOOCV, respectively, which are the highest values among the competing methods. In addition, we also further indicate the prediction generality of MCHMDA on an expanded microbe-disease associations dataset (HMDAD-SUP). Finally, case studies prove the prediction ability in practical applications.
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The Gut Microbiota Profile According to Glycemic Control in Type 1 Diabetes Patients Treated with Personal Insulin Pumps. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9010155. [PMID: 33445500 PMCID: PMC7826603 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, several studies explored associations between type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and microbiota. The aim of our study was to assess the colonic microbiota structure according to the metabolic control in T1DM patients treated with insulin pumps. We studied 89 T1DM patients (50.6% women) at the median age of 25 (IQR, 22-29) years. Pielou's evenness (p = 0.02), and Shannon's (p = 0.04) and Simpson's diversity indexes (p = 0.01), were higher in patients with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥ 53 mmol/mol (7%). There were no differences in beta diversity between groups. A linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) algorithm showed that one family (Ruminococcaceae) was enriched in patients with HbA1c < 53 mmol/mol, whereas one family (Streptococcaceae) and four species (Ruminococcus torques, unclassified species of Lactococcus, Eubacteroim dolichum, and Coprobacillus cateniformis) were enriched in patients with HbA1c ≥ 53 mmol/mol. We found that at class level, the following pathways according to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes were enriched in patients with HbA1c < 53 mmol/mol: bacterial motility proteins, secretion system, bacterial secretion system, ribosome biogenesis, translation proteins, and lipid biosynthesis, whereas in patients with HbA1c ≥ 53 mmol/mol, the galactose metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, phosphotransferase system, fructose, and mannose metabolism were enriched. Observed differences in alpha diversity, metabolic pathways, and associations between bacteria and HbA1c in colonic flora need further investigation.
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Yehualashet AS, Yikna BB. Microbial Ecosystem in Diabetes Mellitus: Consideration of the Gastrointestinal System. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:1841-1854. [PMID: 33953584 PMCID: PMC8089103 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s304497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota is established to be a crucial element in the control of human health, and keeping the symbiotic relationship between the human body and intestinal microbes will have paramount importance. A number of investigations illustrated that many chronic diseases are associated with intestinal micro-ecological disorders implying intestinal floras as an important component among the environmental factors, and perturbations in their composition are correlated with metabolic disorders, including obesity and diabetes mellitus (DM). Increased evidence suggests that alterations in the gut microbial ecosystem have been involved in part in the pathogenesis of both type 1 and type 2 DM. Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), derived from microbiota, have been studied for their potential action in modulating CNS, gut barrier axis, and the immune system as a promising mechanism for the observed protective effects on diabetes pathogenesis. Besides, the role of bile acid (BA) stimulated receptors to have a significant role in liver metabolism, and pathophysiology of liver-based metabolic diseases has also been investigated. In the current review, we will try to summarize the correlation between intestinal microbiota and diabetes considering the existing current evidence revealing the role of gut microbiota in onset and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awgichew Shewasinad Yehualashet
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
- Correspondence: Awgichew Shewasinad Yehualashet Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Berhan University, PO Box 445, Debre Berhan, EthiopiaTel +251 935450290 Email
| | - Berhan Begashaw Yikna
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
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Kim E, Cho S. CNS and peripheral immunity in cerebral ischemia: partition and interaction. Exp Neurol 2021; 335:113508. [PMID: 33065078 PMCID: PMC7750306 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Stroke elicits excessive immune activation in the injured brain tissue. This well-recognized neural inflammation in the brain is not just an intrinsic organ response but also a result of additional intricate interactions between infiltrating peripheral immune cells and the resident immune cells in the affected areas. Given that there is a finite number of immune cells in the organism at the time of stroke, the partitioned immune systems of the central nervous system (CNS) and periphery must appropriately distribute the limited pool of immune cells between the two domains, mounting a necessary post-stroke inflammatory response by supplying a sufficient number of immune cells into the brain while maintaining peripheral immunity. Stroke pathophysiology has mainly been neurocentric in focus, but understanding the distinct roles of the CNS and peripheral immunity in their concerted action against ischemic insults is crucial. This review will discuss stroke-induced influences of the peripheral immune system on CNS injury/repair and of neural inflammation on peripheral immunity, and how comorbidity influences each.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhee Kim
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery at University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Sunghee Cho
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, NY, United States of America; Feil Brain Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America.
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Gut Microbiome, Diabetes, and Obesity: Complex Interplay of Physiology. GUT MICROBIOME-RELATED DISEASES AND THERAPIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-59642-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Oyom AP, Okello E, Acam V, Aramo C, Mwambi B, Okiria JC, Oyet C. Prevalence and antifungal susceptibility of gastrointestinal candidiasis among diabetic patients: A cross-sectional study. Afr J Lab Med 2020; 9:997. [PMID: 33354526 PMCID: PMC7736660 DOI: 10.4102/ajlm.v9i1.997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gastrointestinal candidiasis is the most predominant opportunistic human mycosis, especially in diabetic patients. There is a global increase in antifungal resistance coupled with a rarity of information on antifungal susceptibility profiles in Uganda. Objective This study aimed to determine the occurrence and antifungal susceptibility of gastrointestinal candidiasis in diabetic patients. Methods Stool and fasting blood specimens were obtained from randomly sampled consenting patients with diabetes mellitus at St. Francis Hospital Nsambya in Kampala, Uganda to determine Candida infection, fasting blood glucose and glycated haemoglobin levels. Susceptibility testing was performed on Muller Hilton agar supplemented with 2% glucose and 0.2 µg of methylene blue, using the E-test diffusion method. Results Among the 241 patients included in the analyses, the overall prevalence of gastrointestinal candidiasis was 15.4% (n = 37). Candida albicans (62.16%, n = 23) was the predominant species, followed by Candida glabrata (18.92%, n = 7), Candida tropicalis (8.11%, n = 3), Candida krusei (5.41%, n = 2) and Candida dublinensis (5.41%, n = 2). Resistance was observed with miconazole (48.65%), clotrimazole (18.92%) and fluconazole (8.11%). No resistance to itraconazole and nystatin was observed. Gastrointestinal candidiasis was associated with poor glucose control (p ≤ 0.001), prior use of antibiotics (p ≤ 0.001), antifungals (p ≤ 0.001) and corticosteroids (p ≤ 0.001) and was more common among female patients (p = 0.01). Conclusion Occurrence of gastrointestinal candidiasis was relatively low among our participants, and infection was associated with poor glucose control, female sex and use of antifungals, antibiotics and corticosteroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony P Oyom
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health, Clarke International University (formerly International Health Sciences University), Kampala, Uganda
| | - Emmanuel Okello
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health, Clarke International University (formerly International Health Sciences University), Kampala, Uganda
| | - Victoria Acam
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health, Clarke International University (formerly International Health Sciences University), Kampala, Uganda
| | - Christine Aramo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health, Clarke International University (formerly International Health Sciences University), Kampala, Uganda
| | - Bashir Mwambi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health, Clarke International University (formerly International Health Sciences University), Kampala, Uganda
| | - John C Okiria
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Community Health, Faculty of Allied Health, Clarke International University (formerly International Health Sciences University), Kampala, Uganda
| | - Caesar Oyet
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health, Clarke International University (formerly International Health Sciences University), Kampala, Uganda
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Gut mycobiomes are altered in people with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetic Retinopathy. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243077. [PMID: 33259537 PMCID: PMC7707496 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have documented dysbiosis in the gut mycobiome in people with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, it is not known whether dysbiosis in the gut mycobiome of T2DM patients would be reflected in people with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and if so, is the observed mycobiome dysbiosis similar in people with T2DM and DR. Gut mycobiomes were generated from healthy controls (HC), people with T2DM and people with DR through Illumina sequencing of ITS2 region. Data were analysed using QIIME and R software. Dysbiotic changes were observed in people with T2DM and DR compared to HC at the phyla and genera level. Mycobiomes of HC, T2DM and DR could be discriminated by heat map analysis, Beta diversity analysis and LEfSE analysis. Spearman correlation of fungal genera indicated more negative correlation in HC compared to T2DM and DR mycobiomes. This study demonstrates dysbiosis in the gut mycobiomes in people with T2DM and DR compared to HC. These differences were significant both at the phyla and genera level between people with T2DM and DR as well. Such studies on mycobiomes may provide new insights and directions to identification of specific fungi associated with T2DM and DR and help developing novel therapies for Diabetes Mellitus and DR.
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Abu Tayeh A, Funabiki M, Shimizu S, Satoh S, Sumin L, Iwakura Y, Kato H, Fujita T. Psoriasis-like skin disorder in transgenic mice expressing a RIG-I Singleton-Merten syndrome variant. Int Immunol 2020; 33:211-224. [PMID: 33119735 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxaa071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in DDX58 (DExD/H-box helicase 58), which encodes the cytoplasmic RNA sensor retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I), were recently identified in the rare autoimmune disease Singleton-Merten syndrome (SMS). We report the spontaneous development of psoriasis-like skin lesions as an SMS-like symptom in transgenic mice harboring one of the RIG-I SMS variants, E373A. Histological analysis revealed typical characteristics of psoriasis, including the abnormal proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes leading to epidermal hyperplasia, and infiltrates consisting of neutrophils, dendritic cells and T cells. Levels of the IL-23/IL-17 immune axis cytokines were high in the skin lesions. Rag2-/- transgenic mice showed partial amelioration of the phenotype, with down-regulation of inflammatory cytokines, including IL-17A, suggesting the importance of lymphocytes for the pathogenesis similar to that of human psoriasis. Of note, IL-17A deficiency abolished the skin phenotype, and treatment using the JAK inhibitor tofacitinib not only prevented onset, but also improved the skin manifestations even after onset. Our study provides further evidence for the involvement of RIG-I activation in the onset and progression of psoriasis via type I interferon signaling and the IL-23/IL-17 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abu Tayeh
- Laboratory of Regulatory Information, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahide Funabiki
- Laboratory of Regulatory Information, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shota Shimizu
- Laboratory of Regulatory Information, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Saya Satoh
- Institute of Cardiovascular Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lee Sumin
- Laboratory of Regulatory Information, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kato
- Laboratory of Regulatory Information, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.,Institute of Cardiovascular Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Takashi Fujita
- Laboratory of Regulatory Information, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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Yan C, Duan G, Wu FX, Pan Y, Wang J. BRWMDA:Predicting Microbe-Disease Associations Based on Similarities and Bi-Random Walk on Disease and Microbe Networks. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 2020; 17:1595-1604. [PMID: 30932846 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2019.2907626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Many current studies have evidenced that microbes play important roles in human diseases. Therefore, discovering the associations between microbes and diseases is beneficial to systematically understanding the mechanisms of diseases, diagnosing, and treating complex diseases. It is well known that finding new potential microbe-disease associations via biological experiments is a time-consuming and expensive process. However, the computation methods can provide an opportunity to effectively predict microbe-disease associations. In recent years, efforts toward predicting microbe-disease associations are not in proportional to the importance of microbes to human diseases. In this study, we develop a method (called BRWMDA) to predict new microbe-disease associations based on similarity and improving bi-random walk on the disease and microbe networks. BRWMDA integrates microbe network, disease network, and known microbe-disease associations into a single network. After calculating the Gaussian Interaction Profile (GIP) kernel similarity of microbes based on known microbe-disease associations, the microbe network is obtained by adjusting the similarity with the logistics function. In addition, the disease network is computed by the similarity network fusion (SNF) method with the symptom-based similarity and the GIP kernel similarity based on known microbe-disease associations. Then, these two networks of microbe and disease are connected by known microbe-disease associations. Based on the assumption that similar microbes are normally associated with similar diseases and vice versa, BRWMDA is employed to predict new potential microbe-disease associations via random walk with different steps on microbe and disease networks, which reasonably uses the similarity of microbe network and disease network. The 5-fold cross validation and Leave One Out Cross Validation (LOOCV) are adopted to assess the prediction performance of our BRWMDA algorithm, as well as other competing methods for comparison. 5-fold cross validation experiments show that BRWMDA obtained the maximum AUC value of 0.9087, which is again superior to other methods of 0.9025(NGRHMDA), 0.8797 (LRLSHMDA), 0.8571 (KATZHMDA), 0.7782 (HGBI), and 0.5629 (NBI). In addition, BRWMDA also outperforms other methods in terms of LOOCV, whose AUC value is 0.9397, which is superior to other methods of 0.9111(NGRHMDA), 0.8909 (LRLSHMDA), 0.8644 (KATZHMDA), 0.7866 (HGBI), and 0.5553 (NBI). Case studies also illustrate that BRWMDA is an effective method to predict microbe-disease associations.
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Maldonado-Contreras A, Noel SE, Ward DV, Velez M, Mangano KM. Associations between Diet, the Gut Microbiome, and Short-Chain Fatty Acid Production among Older Caribbean Latino Adults. J Acad Nutr Diet 2020; 120:2047-2060.e6. [PMID: 32798072 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2020.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caribbean Latino adults have disproportionately high prevalence of chronic disease; however, underlying mechanisms are unknown. Unique gut microbiome profiles and relation to dietary quality may underlie health disparities. OBJECTIVES To examine the dietary quality of an underrepresented group of Caribbean Latino older adults with high prevalence of chronic disease; characterize gut microbiome profiles in this cohort; determine associations between dietary quality, gut microbiome composition, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production; examine associations of clinical factors (body mass index, type 2 diabetes [T2D] status, and laxative use) with gut microbiome composition. DESIGN The study design was cross-sectional. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Recruitment and interviews occurred at the Senior Center in Lawrence, MA, from September 2016-September 2017. A total of 20 adults aged ≥50 years, self-identified of Caribbean Latino origin, without use of antibiotics in 6 months or intestinal surgery were included in the study. EXPOSURE AND OUTCOME MEASURES Diet was assessed by two, 24-hour recalls and dietary quality was calculated using the Healthy Eating Index 2015 and the Mediterranean Diet Score. The gut microbiome was assessed by 16S rRNA sequencing and fecal SCFA content. Anthropometrics (ie, weight and height) were measured by a trained interviewer, and self-reported laxative use, and other self-report health outcomes (ie, T2D status) were assessed by questionnaire. STATISTICAL ANALYSES Faith Phylogenetic Diversity (alpha diversity) and unique fraction metric, or UniFrac (beta diversity) and nonphylogenetic metrics, including Shannon diversity index (alpha diversity) were calculated. Spearman correlations and group comparisons using Kruskal-Wallis test between alpha diversity indexes and nutrient intakes were calculated. Patterns in the microbiome were estimated using a partitioning around medoids with estimation of number of clusters, with optimum average silhouette width. Log odds were calculated to compare predefined nutrients and diet score components between microbiome clusters using multivariable logistic regression, controlling for age and sex. Pearson correlation was used to relate SCFA fecal content to individual nutrients and diet indexes. Final models were additionally adjusted for laxative use. Differences in lifestyle factors by gut microbiome cluster were tested by Fisher's exact test. RESULTS Generally, there was poor alignment of participant's diets to either the Mediterranean Diet score or Healthy Eating Index 2015. Range in the Healthy Eating Index 2015 was 36 to 90, where only 5% (n=1) of the sample showed high adherence to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Mediterranean Diet scores suggested low conformance with a Mediterranean eating pattern (score range=2 to 8, where 45% scored ≤3 [poor adherence]). The gut microbiome separated into two clusters by difference in a single bacterial taxon: Prevotella copri (P copri) (permutational multivariate analysis of variance [PERMANOVA] R2=0.576, ADONIS function P=0.001). Significantly lower P copri abundance was observed in cluster 1 compared with cluster 2 (Mann-Whitney P<0.0001). Samples in the P copri dominated cluster 2 showed significantly lower alpha diversity compared with P copri depleted cluster 1 (Shannon diversity index P=0.01). Individuals in the P copri dominated cluster showed a trend toward higher 18:3 α-linolenic fatty acid intakes (P=0.09). Percentage of energy from total fat intake was significantly, positively correlated with fecal acetate (r=0.46; P=0.04), butyrate (r=0.50; P=0.03) and propionate (r=0.52; P=0.02). Associations between dietary intake and composition of the gut microbiome were attenuated by self-report recent laxative use. Individuals with T2D exhibited a significantly greater abundance of the Enterobacteriales (P=0.01) and a trend toward lower fecal content of butyric acid compared to subjects without T2D (P=0.08). Significant beta diversity differences were observed by weight (Mantel P<0.003) and body mass index (Mantel P<0.07). CONCLUSIONS Two unique microbiome profiles, identified by abundance of P copri, were identified among Caribbean Latino adults. Microbiome profiles and SCFA content were associated with diet, T2D, and lifestyle. Further research is needed to determine the role of P copri and SCFA production in the risk for chronic disease and associated lifestyle predictors.
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Lao M, Li C, Li J, Chen D, Ding M, Gong Y. Opportunistic invasive fungal disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from Southern China: Clinical features and associated factors. J Diabetes Investig 2020; 11:731-744. [PMID: 31758642 PMCID: PMC7232281 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION A retrospective study was carried out to investigate the clinical characteristics and associated factors for invasive fungal disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. MATERIALS AND METHODS Demographic and clinical data were recorded. Associated factors were analyzed by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Invasive fungal disease was diagnosed in 120 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (prevalence, 0.4%). Yeast infection (56/120, 46.7%), including candidiasis (31/56, 55.4%) and cryptococcosis (25/56, 44.6%), was the most common. The urinary tract was mainly involved in candidiasis (12/31, 38.7%). More than half of the cryptococcosis (16/25, 64.0%) presented as pneumonia. Mold infection accounted for 40.8% of the cases, and predominantly involved the lung (34/49, 69.4%). A total of 15 (12.5%) patients had mixed fungal infection. Candida albicans (24/111, 21.6%), Cryptococcus neoformans (19/111, 17.1%) and Aspergillus fumigatus (14/111, 12.6%) were the leading agents. Co-infection occurred in 58 (48.3%) patients, mainly presenting as pneumonia caused by Gram-negative bacteria. The inpatient mortality rate of invasive fungal disease was 23.3% (28/120). Glycated hemoglobin levels were higher in non-survivors than survivors (8.8 ± 2.5 vs 7.7 ± 2.1%, P = 0.02). Anemia (adjusted odds ratio, 3.50, 95% confidence interval 1.95-6.27, P < 0.001), hypoalbuminemia (adjusted odds ratio, 5.42, 95% confidence interval 3.14-9.36, P < 0.001) and elevated serum creatinine (adjusted odds ratio, 2.08, 95% confidence interval 1.07-4.04, P = 0.03) were associated with invasive fungal disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. CONCLUSIONS Invasive fungal disease is a life-threatening complication in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. C. a albicans, C. neoformans, and A. fumigatus are the leading agents. Prolonged hyperglycemia results in unfavorable outcomes. Correction of anemia and hypoalbuminemia might improve prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minxi Lao
- Department of GeriatricsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Chen Li
- Department of GeriatricsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jin Li
- Department of GeriatricsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Department of EndocrinologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Dubo Chen
- Department of Laboratory MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Meilin Ding
- Department of GeriatricsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yingying Gong
- Department of GeriatricsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Department of EndocrinologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
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Predieri B, Bruzzi P, Bigi E, Ciancia S, Madeo SF, Lucaccioni L, Iughetti L. Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Type 1 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082937. [PMID: 32331412 PMCID: PMC7215452 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is the most common chronic metabolic disease in children and adolescents. The etiology of T1D is not fully understood but it seems multifactorial. The genetic background determines the predisposition to develop T1D, while the autoimmune process against β-cells seems to be also determined by environmental triggers, such as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Environmental EDCs may act throughout different temporal windows as single chemical agent or as chemical mixtures. They could affect the development and the function of the immune system or of the β-cells function, promoting autoimmunity and increasing the susceptibility to autoimmune attack. Human studies evaluating the potential role of exposure to EDCs on the pathogenesis of T1D are few and demonstrated contradictory results. The aim of this narrative review is to summarize experimental and epidemiological studies on the potential role of exposure to EDCs in the development of T1D. We highlight what we know by animals about EDCs’ effects on mechanisms leading to T1D development and progression. Studies evaluating the EDC levels in patients with T1D were also reported. Moreover, we discussed why further studies are needed and how they should be designed to better understand the causal mechanisms and the next prevention interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Predieri
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of the Mother, Children and Adults-University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Largo del Pozzo, 71-41124 Modena, Italy; (E.B.); (L.I.)
- Post Graduate School of Pediatrics, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of the Mothers, Children and Adults—University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Largo del Pozzo, 71-41124 Modena, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-059-422-5217
| | - Patrizia Bruzzi
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Pediatrics—AOU Policlinic of Modena, Largo del Pozzo, 71-41124 Modena, Italy; (P.B.); (S.F.M.)
| | - Elena Bigi
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of the Mother, Children and Adults-University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Largo del Pozzo, 71-41124 Modena, Italy; (E.B.); (L.I.)
| | - Silvia Ciancia
- Post Graduate School of Pediatrics, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of the Mothers, Children and Adults—University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Largo del Pozzo, 71-41124 Modena, Italy;
| | - Simona F. Madeo
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Pediatrics—AOU Policlinic of Modena, Largo del Pozzo, 71-41124 Modena, Italy; (P.B.); (S.F.M.)
| | - Laura Lucaccioni
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of the Mother, Children and Adults-University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Largo del Pozzo, 71-41124 Modena, Italy;
| | - Lorenzo Iughetti
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of the Mother, Children and Adults-University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Largo del Pozzo, 71-41124 Modena, Italy; (E.B.); (L.I.)
- Post Graduate School of Pediatrics, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of the Mothers, Children and Adults—University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Largo del Pozzo, 71-41124 Modena, Italy;
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Mycobiome in the Gut: A Multiperspective Review. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:9560684. [PMID: 32322167 PMCID: PMC7160717 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9560684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human gut is home to a diverse and complex microbial ecosystem encompassing bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungi, and other microorganisms that have an undisputable role in maintaining good health for the host. Studies on the interplay between microbiota in the gut and various human diseases remain the key focus among many researchers. Nevertheless, advances in sequencing technologies and computational biology have helped us to identify a diversity of fungal community that reside in the gut known as the mycobiome. Although studies on gut mycobiome are still in its infancy, numerous sources have reported its potential role in host homeostasis and disease development. Nonetheless, the actual mechanism of its involvement remains largely unknown and underexplored. Thus, in this review, we attempt to discuss the recent advances in gut mycobiome research from multiple perspectives. This includes understanding the composition of fungal communities in the gut and the involvement of gut mycobiome in host immunity and gut-brain axis. Further, we also discuss on multibiome interactions in the gut with emphasis on fungi-bacteria interaction and the influence of diet in shaping gut mycobiome composition. This review also highlights the relation between fungal metabolites and gut mycobiota in human homeostasis and the role of gut mycobiome in various human diseases. This multiperspective review on gut mycobiome could perhaps shed new light for future studies in the mycobiome research area.
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Ejtahed HS, Hoseini-Tavassol Z, Khatami S, Zangeneh M, Behrouzi A, Ahmadi Badi S, Moshiri A, Hasani-Ranjbar S, Soroush AR, Vaziri F, Fateh A, Ghanei M, Bouzari S, Najar-Peerayeh S, Siadat SD, Larijani B. Main gut bacterial composition differs between patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes and non-diabetic adults. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2020; 19:265-271. [PMID: 32550175 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00502-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Regarding the role of gut microbial dysbiosis in hyperglycemia, we aimed to compare the main gut bacterial composition among type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients and healthy non-diabetic adults. Methods A total of 110 adult subjects (49 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, 21 patients diagnosed with type 1 diabetes and 40 healthy persons) were included in this case-control study. The intestinal microbiota composition was investigated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method targeting bacterial 16S rRNA gene. Comparison between three groups was done using one-way analysis of variance. Results The participants' mean age in the type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes and control groups was 35.4, 57.2 and 38.0 years, respectively. Higher level of Escherichia, Prevotella and Lactobacillus was observed in both type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients compared with the healthy group (P ˂0.001). In contrast, bacterial load of Bifidobacterium, Roseburia and Bacteroides was higher in healthy control group (P < 0.05). Faecalibacterium was significantly lower in type 1 diabetic patients compared with the other two groups (P ˂0.001). No significant difference was found in Akkermansia level among three groups. Conclusions Gut microbial alterations have been observed among patients suffering from type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus and healthy control adults. Butyrate producing genera including Roseburia and Faecalibacterium decreased while Escherichia, Prevotella and Lactobacillus increased in diabetic patients compared to healthy subjects. Modulating approaches of gut microbiota composition could be helpful in diabetes management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh-Sadat Ejtahed
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Hoseini-Tavassol
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shohre Khatami
- Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrangiz Zangeneh
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ava Behrouzi
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Ahmadi Badi
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arfa Moshiri
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Laboratory of Experimental Therapies in Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Shirin Hasani-Ranjbar
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad-Reza Soroush
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzam Vaziri
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Fateh
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Ghanei
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Bouzari
- Molecular Biology Department, Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Najar-Peerayeh
- Bacteriology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Davar Siadat
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zhou H, Sun L, Zhang S, Zhao X, Gang X, Wang G. Evaluating the Causal Role of Gut Microbiota in Type 1 Diabetes and Its Possible Pathogenic Mechanisms. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:125. [PMID: 32265832 PMCID: PMC7105744 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a multifactorial autoimmune disease mediated by genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. In recent years, the emergence of high-throughput sequencing has allowed us to investigate the role of gut microbiota in the development of T1D. Significant changes in the composition of gut microbiome, also termed dysbiosis, have been found in subjects with clinical or preclinical T1D. However, whether the dysbiosis is a cause or an effect of the disease remains unclear. Currently, increasing evidence has supported a causal link between intestine microflora and T1D development. The current review will focus on recent research regarding the associations between intestine microbiome and T1D progression with an intention to evaluate the causality. We will also discuss the possible mechanisms by which imbalanced gut microbiota leads to the development of T1D.
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The Interplay between Immune System and Microbiota in Diabetes. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:9367404. [PMID: 32082078 PMCID: PMC7012204 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9367404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is not a single and homogeneous disease, but a cluster of metabolic diseases characterized by the common feature of hyperglycemia. The pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) (and all other intermediate forms of diabetes) involves the immune system, in terms of inflammation and autoimmunity. The past decades have seen an increase in all types of diabetes, accompanied by changes in eating habits and consequently a structural evolution of gut microbiota. It is likely that all these events could be related and that gut microbiota alterations might be involved in the immunomodulation of diabetes. Thus, gut microbiota seems to have a direct, even causative role in mediating connections between the environment, food intake, and chronic disease. As many conditions that increase the risk of diabetes modulate gut microbiota composition, it is likely that immune-mediated reactions, induced by alterations in the composition of the microbiota, can act as facilitators for the onset of diabetes in predisposed subjects. In this review, we summarize recent evidence in the field of gut microbiota and the role of the latter in modulating the immune reactions involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes.
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Microbiome, Autoimmune Diseases and HIV Infection: Friends or Foes? Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112629. [PMID: 31684052 PMCID: PMC6893726 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies highlighted the importance of the interaction between microbiota and the immune system in the development and maintenance of the homeostasis of the human organism. Dysbiosis is associated with proinflammatory and pathological state-like metabolic diseases, autoimmune diseases and HIV infection. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the possible role of dysbiosis in triggering and/or exacerbating symptoms of autoimmune diseases and HIV infection. There are no data about the influence of the microbiome on the development of autoimmune diseases during HIV infection. We can hypothesize that untreated patients may be more susceptible to the development of autoimmune diseases, due to the presence of dysbiosis. Eubiosis, re-established by probiotic administration, can be used to reduce triggers for autoimmune diseases in untreated HIV patients, although clinical studies are needed to evaluate the role of the microbiome in autoimmune diseases in HIV patients.
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Jamshidi P, Hasanzadeh S, Tahvildari A, Farsi Y, Arbabi M, Mota JF, Sechi LA, Nasiri MJ. Is there any association between gut microbiota and type 1 diabetes? A systematic review. Gut Pathog 2019; 11:49. [PMID: 31636716 PMCID: PMC6791003 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-019-0332-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is the second most common autoimmune disease among children. There is evidence suggesting that dysbiosis of some gut colonizing bacteria are associated with the pathogenesis of T1D. However, these studies are still controversial and a systematic review was conducted to evaluate the association between gut microbiota and T1D. Methods A systematic search was carried out in Medline (Via Pubmed) and Embase from January 2000 to January 2019 for all original cross-sectional, cohort, case–control or nested case–control studies investigating the association between gut microbiota and T1D. Results Of 568 articles identified, 26 studies met the inclusion criteria. The total population study of these articles consists of 2600 children (under 18 years old) and 189 adults. Among the included studies, 24 articles confirmed the association between gut microbiota dysbiosis and T1D. The most common bacterial alterations in T1D patients included Bacteroides spp., Streptococcus spp., Clostridium spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Prevotella spp., Staphylococcus spp., Blautia spp., Faecalibacterium spp., Roseburia spp., and Lactobacillus spp. Conclusion Our study showed a significant association between alterations in intestinal microbial composition and T1D; however, in some articles, it is not clear which one happens first. Investigation of altered gut microbiota can help in the early detection of T1D before seropositivity. Targeted microbiome modulation can be a novel potential therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parnian Jamshidi
- 1Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saba Hasanzadeh
- 1Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azin Tahvildari
- 1Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yeganeh Farsi
- 1Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahta Arbabi
- 1Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - João Felipe Mota
- 2Clinical and Sports Nutrition Research Laboratory (LABINCE), Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Leonardo A Sechi
- 3Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Mohammad Javad Nasiri
- 4Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ho J, Nicolucci AC, Virtanen H, Schick A, Meddings J, Reimer RA, Huang C. Effect of Prebiotic on Microbiota, Intestinal Permeability, and Glycemic Control in Children With Type 1 Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:4427-4440. [PMID: 31188437 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2019-00481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) have lower microbiota diversity and distinct gut microbial profiles that have been linked to changes in intestinal permeability. Prebiotics are nondigestible carbohydrates that alter gut microbiota and could potentially improve glycemic control and reduce intestinal permeability and thereby insulin sensitivity. OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of prebiotics on glycemic control, gut microbiota, and intestinal permeability in children with T1D. DESIGN A randomized, placebo-controlled trial in children 8 to 17 years of age with T1D using placebo or prebiotic oligofructose-enriched inulin for 12 weeks. Baseline, 3-month, and 6-month assessments included HbA1c, C-peptide, gut microbiota, intestinal permeability, frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), and severe hypoglycemia. RESULTS Forty-three subjects were randomized and 38 completed the study. The groups were similar at baseline: prebiotic (N = 17), age 12.5 years (SD of 2.8), HbA1c 8.02% (SD of 0.82); placebo (N = 21), age 12.0 years (SD of 2.6), HbA1c 8.08% (SD of 0.91). No significant differences were found in the frequency of DKA or severe hypoglycemia. At 3-months, C-peptide was significantly higher (P = 0.029) in the group who received prebiotics, which was accompanied by a modest improvement in intestinal permeability (P = 0.076). There was a significant increase in the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium within the prebiotic group at 3 months that was no longer present after the 3-month washout. The placebo group had significantly higher relative abundance of Streptococcus, Roseburia inulinivorans, Terrisporobacter, and Faecalitalea compared with the prebiotic group at 3 months. CONCLUSION Prebiotics are a potentially novel, inexpensive, low-risk treatment addition for T1D that may improve glycemic control. Further larger-scale trials are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Ho
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Alissa C Nicolucci
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Heidi Virtanen
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Alana Schick
- International Microbiome Centre, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jon Meddings
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Raylene A Reimer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carol Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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