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Mishra AK, Sen Gupta G, Agrawal SB, Tiwari S. Divergent responses of ascorbate and glutathione pools in ozone-sensitive and ozone-tolerant wheat cultivars under elevated ozone and carbon dioxide interaction. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 472:134453. [PMID: 38723481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Crop plants face complex tropospheric ozone (O3) stress, emphasizing the need for a food security-focused management strategy. While research extensively explores O3's harmful effects, this study delves into the combined impacts of O3 and CO2. This study investigates the contrasting responses of O3-sensitive (PBW-550) and O3-resistant (HUW-55) wheat cultivars, towards elevated ozone (eO3) and elevated carbon dioxide (eCO2), both individually and in combination. The output of the present study confirms the positive effect of eCO2 on wheat cultivars exposed to eO3 stress, with more prominent effects on O3-sensitive cultivar PBW-550, as compared to the O3-resistant HUW-55. The differential response of the two wheat cultivars can be attributed to the mechanistic variations in the enzyme activities of the Halliwell-Asada pathway (AsA-GSH cycle) and the ascorbate and glutathione pool. The results indicate that eCO2 was unable to uplift the regeneration of the glutathione pool in HUW-55, however, PBW-550 responded well, under similar eO3 conditions. The study's findings, highlighting mechanistic variations in antioxidants, show a more positive yield response in PBW-550 compared to HUW-55 under ECO treatment. This insight can inform agricultural strategies, emphasizing the use of O3-sensitive cultivars for sustained productivity in future conditions with high O3 and CO2 concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar Mishra
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Gereraj Sen Gupta
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Shashi Bhushan Agrawal
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Supriya Tiwari
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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2
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Modelski C, Potnis N, Sanz-Saez A, Leisner CP. Physiological responses of pepper (Capsicum annum) to combined ozone and pathogen stress. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38924220 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone [O3] is a secondary air pollutant formed from the photochemical oxidation of volatile organic compounds in the presence of nitrogen oxides, and it is one of the most damaging air pollutants to crops. O3 entry into the plant generates reactive oxygen species leading to cellular damage and oxidative stress, leading to decreased primary production and yield. Increased O3 exposure has also been shown to have secondary impacts on plants by altering the incidence and response to plant pathogens. We used the Capsicum annum (pepper)-Xanthomonas perforans pathosystem to investigate the impact of elevated O3 (eO3) on plants with and without exposure to Xanthomonas, using a disease-susceptible and disease-resistant pepper cultivar. Gas exchange measurements revealed decreases in diurnal photosynthetic rate (A') and stomatal conductance (g s ' $$ {g}_{\mathrm{s}}^{\prime } $$ ), and maximum rate of electron transport (Jmax) in the disease-resistant cultivar, but no decrease in the disease-susceptible cultivar in eO3, regardless of Xanthomonas presence. Maximum rates of carboxylation (Vc,max), midday A and gs rates at the middle canopy, and decreases in aboveground biomass were negatively affected by eO3 in both cultivars. We also observed a decrease in stomatal sluggishness as measured through the Ball-Berry-Woodrow model in all treatments in the disease-resistant cultivar. We hypothesize that the mechanism conferring disease resistance to Xanthomonas in pepper also renders the plant less tolerant to eO3 stress through changes in stomatal responsiveness. Findings from this study help expand our understanding of the trade-off of disease resistance with abiotic stresses imposed by future climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin Modelski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, 36849, USA
| | - Neha Potnis
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, 36849, USA
| | - Alvaro Sanz-Saez
- Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, 36849, USA
| | - Courtney P Leisner
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, 36849, USA
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, 24061, Virginia, USA
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3
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Shang B, Agathokleous E, Calatayud V, Peng J, Xu Y, Li S, Liu S, Feng Z. Drought mitigates the adverse effects of O 3 on plant photosynthesis rather than growth: A global meta-analysis considering plant functional types. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:1269-1284. [PMID: 38185874 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone (O3 ) is a phytotoxic air pollutant adversely affecting plant growth. High O3 exposures are often concurrent with summer drought. The effects of both stresses on plants are complex, and their interactions are not yet well understood. Here, we investigate whether drought can mitigate the negative effects of O3 on plant physiology and growth based on a meta-analysis. We found that drought mitigated the negative effects of O3 on plant photosynthesis, but the modification of the O3 effect on the whole-plant biomass by drought was not significant. This is explained by a compensatory response of water-deficient plants that leads to increased metabolic costs. Relative to water control condition, reduced water treatment decreased the effects of O3 on photosynthetic traits, and leaf and root biomass in deciduous broadleaf species, while all traits in evergreen coniferous species showed no significant response. This suggested that the mitigating effects of drought on the negative impacts of O3 on the deciduous broadleaf species were more extensive than on the evergreen coniferous ones. Therefore, to avoid over- or underestimations when assessing the impact of O3 on vegetation growth, soil moisture should be considered. These results contribute to a better understanding of terrestrial ecosystem responses under global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Shang
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Vicent Calatayud
- Fundación CEAM, c/Charles R. Darwin 14, Parque Tecnológico, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jinlong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yansen Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuangjiang Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- Zhejiang Carbon Neutral Innovation Institute, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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4
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Peng Z, Zhang B, Wang D, Niu X, Sun J, Xu H, Cao J, Shen Z. Application of machine learning in atmospheric pollution research: A state-of-art review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 910:168588. [PMID: 37981149 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Machine learning (ML) is an artificial intelligence technology that has been used in atmospheric pollution research due to their powerful fitting ability. In this review, 105 articles related to ML and the atmospheric pollution research are critically reviewed. Applications of ML in the prediction of atmospheric pollution (mainly particulate matters) are systematically described, including the principle of prediction, influencing factors and improvement measures. Researchers can improve the accuracy of the prediction model through three main aspects, namely considering the geographical features of the study area into the model, introducing the physical characteristics of pollutants, matching and optimizing ML models. And by using interpretable ML tools, researchers are able to understand the mechanism of the model and gain in-depth information. Then, the state-of-art applications of ML in the source apportionment of atmospheric particulate matter and the effect of atmospheric pollutants on human health are also described. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of the current applications of ML in atmospheric pollution research are summarized, and the application perspective of ML in this field is elucidated. Given the scarcity of source apportionment applications and human health research, standardized research methods and specialized ML methods are required in atmospheric pollution research to connect these two disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zezhi Peng
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Diwei Wang
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xinyi Niu
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Hongmei Xu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Junji Cao
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zhenxing Shen
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
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5
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Shruti A, Bage N, Kar P. Nanomaterials based sensors for analysis of food safety. Food Chem 2024; 433:137284. [PMID: 37703589 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
The freshnessof the food is a major issue because spoiled food lacks critical nutrients for growth and could be harmful to human health if consumed directly. Nanomaterials are captivating due to their unique properties like large surface area, high selectivity, small dimension, great biocompatibility and conductivity, real-time onsite analysis, etc. which give them an advantage over conventional evaluation techniques. Despite these advantages of nanomaterials used in food safety and their preservation, food products can still get affected by various environmental factors (like pH, temperature, etc.), making the use of time-temperature indicators more condescending. This review is a comprehensive study on food safety, its causes, the responsible analytes, their remedies by various nanomaterials, the development of various nanosensors, and the various challenges faced in maintaining food safety standards to reduce the risk of contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asparshika Shruti
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Nirgaman Bage
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Pradip Kar
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India.
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6
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Cao J, Pan G, Zheng B, Liu Y, Zhang G, Liu Y. Significant land cover change in China during 2001-2019: Implications for direct and indirect effects on surface ozone concentration. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 335:122290. [PMID: 37524236 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
China has become one of the most prominent areas of global land cover change during the past few decades. These changes can directly influence meteorological parameters thus further regulating tropospheric ozone (O3) formation. Moreover, changes in biogenic emissions due to land cover variation can also have an indirect effect on O3 concentration. This study applied the Community Multiscale Air Quality model to comprehensively evaluate the impacts of significant land cover change on O3 levels in China during summertime between 2001 and 2019. The results showed that the daily maximum 8-h average O3 concentration (MDA8 O3) increased by 3.6-8.9 μg/m3, 2.8-8.0 μg/m3, 3.8-9.6 μg/m3, -1.5-6.2 μg/m3, and -0.6-2.5 μg/m3 in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Sichuan Basin, and Fenwei Plain, respectively, in response to land cover variation. The research identified that the direct effect was the primary factor in raising O3 levels which mainly altered O3 concentration by changing vertical import and dry deposition velocity. Moreover, land cover variation tended to decrease biogenic nitric oxide emission and increase biogenic volatile organic compounds emission on the whole, and cause an obvious increase of MDA8 O3 by 1.8-4.9 μg/m3 in Pearl River Delta due to the indirect effect. This study offered valuable insights into the impacts of land cover change on O3 levels, highlighting the need for policymakers to consider land cover variation on air pollutants concentration for devising comprehensive multi-pollutant control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Cao
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Guanfu Pan
- National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Boyue Zheng
- Institute of Energy, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Guobin Zhang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yang Liu
- National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, China.
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7
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Sharma RK, Dhillon J, Kumar P, Bheemanahalli R, Li X, Cox MS, Reddy KN. Climate trends and maize production nexus in Mississippi: empirical evidence from ARDL modelling. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16641. [PMID: 37789065 PMCID: PMC10547789 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43528-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change poses a significant threat to agriculture. However, climatic trends and their impact on Mississippi (MS) maize (Zea mays L.) are unknown. The objectives were to: (i) analyze trends in climatic variables (1970 to 2020) using Mann-Kendall and Sen slope method, (ii) quantify the impact of climate change on maize yield in short and long run using the auto-regressive distributive lag (ARDL) model, and (iii) categorize the critical months for maize-climate link using Pearson's correlation matrix. The climatic variables considered were maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), diurnal temperature range (DTR), precipitation (PT), relative humidity (RH), and carbon emissions (CO2). The pre-analysis, post-analysis, and model robustness statistical tests were verified, and all conditions were met. A significant upward trend in Tmax (0.13 °C/decade), Tmin (0.27 °C/decade), and CO2 (5.1 units/decade), and a downward trend in DTR ( - 0.15 °C/decade) were noted. The PT and RH insignificantly increased by 4.32 mm and 0.11% per decade, respectively. The ARDL model explained 76.6% of the total variations in maize yield. Notably, the maize yield had a negative correlation with Tmax for June, and July, with PT in August, and with DTR for June, July, and August, whereas a positive correlation was noted with Tmin in June, July, and August. Overall, a unit change in Tmax reduced the maize yield by 7.39% and 26.33%, and a unit change in PT reduced it by 0.65% and 2.69% in the short and long run, respectively. However, a unit change in Tmin, and CO2 emissions increased maize yield by 20.68% and 0.63% in the long run with no short run effect. Overall, it is imperative to reassess the agronomic management strategies, developing and testing cultivars adaptable to the revealed climatic trend, with ability to withstand severe weather conditions in ensuring sustainable maize production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jagmandeep Dhillon
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, USA.
| | - Pushp Kumar
- Department of Economics, Manipal University Jaipur, Dhami Kalan, Rajasthan, India
| | - Raju Bheemanahalli
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Michael S Cox
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Krishna N Reddy
- Crop Production Systems Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Stoneville, MS, USA
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8
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Aspray EK, Mies TA, McGrath JA, Montes CM, Dalsing B, Puthuval KK, Whetten A, Herriott J, Li S, Bernacchi CJ, DeLucia EH, Leakey ADB, Long SP, McGrath JM, Miglietta F, Ort DR, Ainsworth EA. Two decades of fumigation data from the Soybean Free Air Concentration Enrichment facility. Sci Data 2023; 10:226. [PMID: 37081032 PMCID: PMC10119297 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02118-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The Soybean Free Air Concentration Enrichment (SoyFACE) facility is the longest running open-air carbon dioxide and ozone enrichment facility in the world. For over two decades, soybean, maize, and other crops have been exposed to the elevated carbon dioxide and ozone concentrations anticipated for late this century. The facility, located in East Central Illinois, USA, exposes crops to different atmospheric concentrations in replicated octagonal ~280 m2 Free Air Concentration Enrichment (FACE) treatment plots. Each FACE plot is paired with an untreated control (ambient) plot. The experiment provides important ground truth data for predicting future crop productivity. Fumigation data from SoyFACE were collected every four seconds throughout each growing season for over two decades. Here, we organize, quality control, and collate 20 years of data to facilitate trend analysis and crop modeling efforts. This paper provides the rationale for and a description of the SoyFACE experiments, along with a summary of the fumigation data and collation process, weather and ambient data collection procedures, and explanations of air pollution metrics and calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Kole Aspray
- Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 505 S. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Timothy A Mies
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1102 S. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Jesse A McGrath
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 505 S. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Christopher M Montes
- Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 505 S. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Bradley Dalsing
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 505 S. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Kannan K Puthuval
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 505 S. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Andrew Whetten
- Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2200 E Kenwood Blvd, Milwaukee, WI, 53211, USA
| | - Jelena Herriott
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 505 S. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Agriculture and Applied Sciences, Langston University, 701 Sammy Davis Jr. Drive, Langston, OK, 73050, USA
| | - Shuai Li
- Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 505 S. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Carl J Bernacchi
- Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 505 S. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1102 S. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Evan H DeLucia
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 505 S. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Andrew D B Leakey
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 505 S. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Stephen P Long
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 505 S. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1102 S. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Justin M McGrath
- Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 505 S. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Franco Miglietta
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Bioeconomy (CNR IBE), Florence, Italy
| | - Donald R Ort
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 505 S. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1102 S. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Ainsworth
- Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 505 S. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1102 S. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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9
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Xu B, Wang T, Gao L, Ma D, Song R, Zhao J, Yang X, Li S, Zhuang B, Li M, Xie M. Impacts of meteorological factors and ozone variation on crop yields in China concerning carbon neutrality objectives in 2060. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 317:120715. [PMID: 36436657 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Carbon neutrality objectives affect meteorology and ozone (O3) concentration in China, both of which would influence crop yields, thus food security. However, the joint impact of these two factors on crop yields in China is not clear. In this study, we investigated future trends in China's maize, rice, soybean, and wheat yields under a carbon-neutral scenario considering both regional emission reduction and global climate change in 2060. By combining a process-based crop model (Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator, APSIM) with O3 exposure equations, the impacts of regional emission reduction and global climate change were studied. The results suggest that regional emission reduction dominated the increase in yield by reducing the O3 concentration, whereas global climate change led to yield loss mainly through meteorological factors. The national yield decreases for the four crops ranged from 1.0% to 38.0% owing to meteorological factors, while O3 reduction resulted in additional yield increases ranging from 2.8% to 7.0%. The combined effect of carbon neutrality, which included both meteorological factors and O3 concentration, resulted in changes to the yields of maize, rice, soybean, and wheat of +4.3%, -7.3%, -24.0%, and -31.7%, respectively. It seems that crop production loss caused by meteorological factors in 2060 would be mitigated by the O3 reduction. Given the advantages of declining O3 concentration, regional emission reduction would likely benefit crop growth. However, global climate change may offset the benefits and threaten food production in China. Therefore, more strict emission reduction policies and global climate change mitigation actions are necessary to ensure food security in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beiyao Xu
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Tijian Wang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Libo Gao
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Meteorological Observatory, Nanjing, 210041, China
| | - Danyang Ma
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Rong Song
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaoguang Yang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shu Li
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Bingliang Zhuang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Min Xie
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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10
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Xiao Y, Sloan J, Hepworth C, Fradera‐Soler M, Mathers A, Thorley R, Baillie A, Jones H, Chang T, Chen X, Yaapar N, Osborne CP, Sturrock C, Mooney SJ, Fleming AJ, Zhu X. Defining the scope for altering rice leaf anatomy to improve photosynthesis: a modelling approach. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:441-453. [PMID: 36271620 PMCID: PMC10099902 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Leaf structure plays an important role in photosynthesis. However, the causal relationship and the quantitative importance of any single structural parameter to the overall photosynthetic performance of a leaf remains open to debate. In this paper, we report on a mechanistic model, eLeaf, which successfully captures rice leaf photosynthetic performance under varying environmental conditions of light and CO2 . We developed a 3D reaction-diffusion model for leaf photosynthesis parameterised using a range of imaging data and biochemical measurements from plants grown under ambient and elevated CO2 and then interrogated the model to quantify the importance of these elements. The model successfully captured leaf-level photosynthetic performance in rice. Photosynthetic metabolism underpinned the majority of the increased carbon assimilation rate observed under elevated CO2 levels, with a range of structural elements making positive and negative contributions. Mesophyll porosity could be varied without any major outcome on photosynthetic performance, providing a theoretical underpinning for experimental data. eLeaf allows quantitative analysis of the influence of morphological and biochemical properties on leaf photosynthesis. The analysis highlights a degree of leaf structural plasticity with respect to photosynthesis of significance in the context of attempts to improve crop photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xiao
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant Science, Institute of Plant Physiology and EcologyCASShanghai200032China
| | - Jen Sloan
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldWestern BankSheffieldS10 2TNUK
| | - Chris Hepworth
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldWestern BankSheffieldS10 2TNUK
| | - Marc Fradera‐Soler
- Division of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, School of BiosciencesUniversity of NottinghamSutton Bonington Campus, LoughboroughLeicestershireLE12 5RDUK
| | - Andrew Mathers
- Division of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, School of BiosciencesUniversity of NottinghamSutton Bonington Campus, LoughboroughLeicestershireLE12 5RDUK
| | - Rachel Thorley
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldWestern BankSheffieldS10 2TNUK
| | - Alice Baillie
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldWestern BankSheffieldS10 2TNUK
| | - Hannah Jones
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldWestern BankSheffieldS10 2TNUK
| | - Tiangen Chang
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant Science, Institute of Plant Physiology and EcologyCASShanghai200032China
| | - Xingyuan Chen
- Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWA99354USA
| | - Nazmin Yaapar
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of AgricultureUniversiti Putra Malaysia43400SerdangMalaysia
| | - Colin P. Osborne
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldWestern BankSheffieldS10 2TNUK
| | - Craig Sturrock
- Division of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, School of BiosciencesUniversity of NottinghamSutton Bonington Campus, LoughboroughLeicestershireLE12 5RDUK
| | - Sacha J. Mooney
- Division of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, School of BiosciencesUniversity of NottinghamSutton Bonington Campus, LoughboroughLeicestershireLE12 5RDUK
| | - Andrew J. Fleming
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldWestern BankSheffieldS10 2TNUK
| | - Xin‐Guang Zhu
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant Science, Institute of Plant Physiology and EcologyCASShanghai200032China
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11
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Li L, Liu M, Qi Y, Zhang G, Yu R. Spatiotemporal variations and relationships of absorbing aerosol-radiation-gross primary productivity over China. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 195:169. [PMID: 36451005 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10775-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
High-load carbonaceous and dust aerosols can significantly reduce direct radiation (DIRR), which would affect photosynthesis in terrestrial ecosystems, thereby further affecting the productivity of vegetation. Based on this, a variety of remote sensing data were used to study the spatiotemporal distributions and changing tendencies of the absorbing aerosols, CO, DIRR, and gross primary productivity (GPP) in China during 2005-2019; then, the relationships were analyzed between different types of absorbing aerosols and DIRR as well as GPP. The results showed that the annual mean absorbing aerosols index (AAI) in China during 2005-2019 was 0.39, with a slow growth rate of 0.02 year-1, and the emission of CO showed a decreasing trend with each passing year, especially in North China Plain and Sichuan Basin. Carbonaceous and dust aerosols were predominantly bounded by Hu line. The east of Hu line was the dominant area of carbonaceous aerosols, and the west of Hu line was the topographical region of dust aerosols. Near the Hu line was the dominant area of carbonaceous-dust aerosols. However, the Karamay-Urumqi-Hami area and Northeast China Plain were exceptional. During the vegetation growing season, different types of absorbing aerosols significantly negatively affected GPP. From a perspective of regional scale variation pattern, the negative effect of absorbing aerosols on vegetation productivity was the most significant in Northeast China; from the perspective of the effects of different vegetation types, the negative effect of absorbing aerosols on grasslands was greater than that of woodlands; from the perspective of the composition characteristics of aerosols, the negative effect of dust aerosols on GPP was greater than that of carbonaceous aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Li
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Minxia Liu
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Yuhan Qi
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guojuan Zhang
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ruixin Yu
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
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12
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Lukasová V, Bičárová S, Buchholcerová A, Adamčíková K. Low sensitivity of Pinus mugo to surface ozone pollution in the subalpine zone of continental Europe. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2022; 66:2311-2324. [PMID: 36107252 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-022-02359-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
High altitudes have been exposed to enhanced levels of surface ozone (O3) concentrations over recent decades compared to the pre-industrial era. The responses of vegetation to this toxic pollutant are species-specific and depend on the climate conditions. In this paper, we explored the reaction of Pinus mugo (P. mugo) to O3-induced stress in the continental climate of an ozone-rich mountain area in the High Tatra Mountains (Western Carpathians). The effects of O3 doses modelled by a deposition model, O3 concentrations and other factors on P. mugo were identified from (a) satellite-based data via NDVI (normalised differenced vegetation index) over 2000-2020 and (b) visible injury on needle samples gathered from P. mugo individuals at ground-truth sites in 2019 and 2020. Analysing the NDVI trend, we observed non-significant changes (p > 0.05) in the greenness of P. mugo despite growing in an environment with the average seasonal O3 concentration around 51.6 ppbv, the maximum hourly concentrations more than 90 ppbv and increasing trend of O3 doses by 0.1 mmol m-2 PLA (plant leaf area) year-1. The visible O3 injury of samples collected at study sites was low (mean injury observed on 1-10% of needles' surface), and the symptoms of injury caused by other biotic and abiotic factors prevailed over those caused by O3. In addition, the correlation analyses between NDVI and the climatic factors indicated a significant (p < 0.05) and positive relationship with photosynthetic active radiation (R = 0.45) in July, and with stomatal conductance (R = 0.52) and temperature factor (R = 0.43) in August. Therefore, we concluded that the positive effect of climate conditions, which support the growth processes of P. mugo, may suppress the negative effect of the mean O3 doses of 17.8 mmol m-2 PLA accumulated over the growing season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Lukasová
- Earth Science Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Tatranská Lomnica, 059 60, Slovakia.
| | - Svetlana Bičárová
- Earth Science Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Tatranská Lomnica, 059 60, Slovakia
| | - Anna Buchholcerová
- Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Bratislava, 842 48, Slovakia
| | - Katarína Adamčíková
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Department of Plant Pathology and Mycology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Akademická 2, Nitra, 949 01, Slovakia
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13
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Addy JWG, Ellis RH, MacLaren C, Macdonald AJ, Semenov MA, Mead A. A heteroskedastic model of Park Grass spring hay yields in response to weather suggests continuing yield decline with climate change in future decades. J R Soc Interface 2022; 19:20220361. [PMID: 36000226 PMCID: PMC9399698 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2022.0361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
UK grasslands perform important environmental and economic functions, but their future productivity under climate change is uncertain. Spring hay yields from 1902 to 2016 at one site (the Park Grass Long Term Experiment) in southern England under four different fertilizer regimes were modelled in response to weather (seasonal temperature and rainfall). The modelling approach applied comprised: (1) a Bayesian model comparison to model parametrically the heteroskedasticity in a gamma likelihood function; (2) a Bayesian varying intercept multiple regression model with an autoregressive lag one process (to incorporate the effect of productivity in the previous year) of the response of hay yield to weather from 1902 to 2016. The model confirmed that warmer and drier years, specifically, autumn, winter and spring, in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries reduced yield. The model was applied to forecast future spring hay yields at Park Grass under different climate change scenarios (HadGEM2 and GISS RCP 4.5 and 8.5). This application indicated that yields are forecast to decline further between 2020 and 2080, by as much as 48-50%. These projections are specific to Park Grass, but implied a severe reduction in grassland productivity in southern England with climate change during the twenty-first century.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard H. Ellis
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, UK
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14
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Lobo AKM, Catarino ICA, Silva EA, Centeno DC, Domingues DS. Physiological and Molecular Responses of Woody Plants Exposed to Future Atmospheric CO2 Levels under Abiotic Stresses. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11141880. [PMID: 35890514 PMCID: PMC9322912 DOI: 10.3390/plants11141880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Climate change is mainly driven by the accumulation of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere in the last century. Plant growth is constantly challenged by environmental fluctuations including heat waves, severe drought and salinity, along with ozone accumulation in the atmosphere. Food security is at risk in an increasing world population, and it is necessary to face the current and the expected effects of global warming. The effects of the predicted environment scenario of elevated CO2 concentration (e[CO2]) and more severe abiotic stresses have been scarcely investigated in woody plants, and an integrated view involving physiological, biochemical and molecular data is missing. This review highlights the effects of elevated CO2 in the metabolism of woody plants and the main findings of its interaction with abiotic stresses, including a molecular point of view, aiming to improve the understanding of how woody plants will face the predicted environmental conditions. Overall, e[CO2] stimulates photosynthesis and growth and attenuates mild to moderate abiotic stress in woody plants if root growth and nutrients are not limited. Moreover, e[CO2] does not induce acclimation in most tree species. Some high-throughput analyses involving omics techniques were conducted to better understand how these processes are regulated. Finally, knowledge gaps in the understanding of how the predicted climate condition will affect woody plant metabolism were identified, with the aim of improving the growth and production of this plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Karla M. Lobo
- Department of Biodiversity, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Rio Claro 13506-900, Brazil;
- Correspondence: (A.K.M.L.); (D.S.D.)
| | - Ingrid C. A. Catarino
- Department of Biodiversity, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Rio Claro 13506-900, Brazil;
| | - Emerson A. Silva
- Institute of Environmental Research, São Paulo 04301-002, Brazil;
| | - Danilo C. Centeno
- Centre for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo 09606-045, Brazil;
| | - Douglas S. Domingues
- Department of Biodiversity, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Rio Claro 13506-900, Brazil;
- Correspondence: (A.K.M.L.); (D.S.D.)
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15
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Ahmed M, Hayat R, Ahmad M, ul-Hassan M, Kheir AMS, ul-Hassan F, ur-Rehman MH, Shaheen FA, Raza MA, Ahmad S. Impact of Climate Change on Dryland Agricultural Systems: A Review of Current Status, Potentials, and Further Work Need. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT PRODUCTION 2022; 16:341-363. [PMID: 35614974 PMCID: PMC9122557 DOI: 10.1007/s42106-022-00197-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Dryland agricultural system is under threat due to climate extremes and unsustainable management. Understanding of climate change impact is important to design adaptation options for dry land agricultural systems. Thus, the present review was conducted with the objectives to identify gaps and suggest technology-based intervention that can support dry land farming under changing climate. Careful management of the available agricultural resources in the region is a current need, as it will play crucial role in the coming decades to ensure food security, reduce poverty, hunger, and malnutrition. Technology based regional collaborative interventions among Universities, Institutions, Growers, Companies etc. for water conservation, supplemental irrigation, foliar sprays, integrated nutrient management, resilient crops-based cropping systems, artificial intelligence, and precision agriculture (modeling and remote sensing) are needed to support agriculture of the region. Different process-based models have been used in different regions around the world to quantify the impacts of climate change at field, regional, and national scales to design management options for dryland cropping systems. Modeling include water and nutrient management, ideotype designing, modification in tillage practices, application of cover crops, insect, and disease management. However, diversification in the mixed and integrated crop and livestock farming system is needed to have profitable, sustainable business. The main focus in this work is to recommend different agro-adaptation measures to be part of policies for sustainable agricultural production systems in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukhtar Ahmed
- Department of Agronomy, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 46300 Pakistan
- Department of Agricultural Research for Northern Sweden, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90183 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Rifat Hayat
- Department of Soil Science and Soil Water Conservation, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 46300 Pakistan
| | - Munir Ahmad
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University , Rawalpindi, 46300 Pakistan
| | - Mahmood ul-Hassan
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University , Rawalpindi, 46300 Pakistan
| | - Ahmed M. S. Kheir
- Haikou Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou, China
- Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, 9 Cairo University Street, Giza, Egypt
| | - Fayyaz ul-Hassan
- Department of Agronomy, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 46300 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Habib ur-Rehman
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, INRES) University, 53115 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Agronomy, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef Agriculture University, Multan, 60800 Pakistan
| | - Farid Asif Shaheen
- Department of Entomology, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 46300 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali Raza
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Shakeel Ahmad
- Department of Agronomy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800 Pakistan
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16
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Nanni AV, Morse AM, Newman JRB, Choquette NE, Wedow JM, Liu Z, Leakey ADB, Conesa A, Ainsworth EA, McIntyre LM. Variation in leaf transcriptome responses to elevated ozone corresponds with physiological sensitivity to ozone across maize inbred lines. Genetics 2022; 221:6586798. [PMID: 35579358 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyac080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We examine the impact of sustained elevated ozone concentration on the leaf transcriptome of 5 diverse maize inbred genotypes, which vary in physiological sensitivity to ozone (B73, Mo17, Hp301, C123, NC338), using long reads to assemble transcripts and short reads to quantify expression of these transcripts. More than 99% of the long reads, 99% of the assembled transcripts, and 97% of the short reads map to both B73 and Mo17 reference genomes. Approximately 95% of the genes with assembled transcripts belong to known B73-Mo17 syntenic loci and 94% of genes with assembled transcripts are present in all temperate lines in the NAM pan-genome. While there is limited evidence for alternative splicing in response to ozone stress, there is a difference in the magnitude of differential expression among the 5 genotypes. The transcriptional response to sustained ozone stress in the ozone resistant B73 genotype (151 genes) was modest, while more than 3,300 genes were significantly differentially expressed in the more sensitive NC338 genotype. There is the potential for tandem duplication in 30% of genes with assembled transcripts, but there is no obvious association between potential tandem duplication and differential expression. Genes with a common response across the 5 genotypes (83 genes) were associated with photosynthesis, in particular photosystem I. The functional annotation of genes not differentially expressed in B73 but responsive in the other 4 genotypes (789) identifies reactive oxygen species. This suggests that B73 has a different response to long term ozone exposure than the other 4 genotypes. The relative magnitude of the genotypic response to ozone, and the enrichment analyses are consistent regardless of whether aligning short reads to: long read assembled transcripts; the B73 reference; the Mo17 reference. We find that prolonged ozone exposure directly impacts the photosynthetic machinery of the leaf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adalena V Nanni
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.,Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Alison M Morse
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.,Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Jeremy R B Newman
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.,Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Nicole E Choquette
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Department of Plant Biology, and Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Jessica M Wedow
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Department of Plant Biology, and Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Zihao Liu
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.,Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Andrew D B Leakey
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Department of Plant Biology, and Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Ana Conesa
- Department of Cell and Microbial Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.,Institute for Integrative Systems Biology, Spanish National Research Council, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Elizabeth A Ainsworth
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Department of Plant Biology, and Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.,USDA ARS Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Lauren M McIntyre
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.,Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
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17
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Chen B, Xu J, Liu D, Yang X. Response of Ginkgo biloba growth and physiological traits to ozone stress. Glob Ecol Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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18
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Regulating Vapor Pressure Deficit and Soil Moisture Improves Tomato and Cucumber Plant Growth and Water Productivity in the Greenhouse. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8020147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD) is the driving force that regulates the rate of water transport within plants. Under High VPD (HVPD), plants always reduce their photosynthesis rate and close their stomata. Experiments were performed under greenhouse conditions with cucumber and tomato plants to identify the regulatory effect of VPD on plant water capacity. Treatments included two levels of soil water (100% and 60% field capacity [FC]) combined with two levels of VPD (LVPD and HVPD). Results indicated that with 60%FC, the plant heights of tomato and cucumber were enhanced under LVPD compared with those under HVPD. With 60%FC, relative leaf water contents under LVPD increased by 11% compared with those under HVPD. Furthermore, LVPD significantly improved the photosynthetic capacity of the two crops and changed their stress responses. Our results indicated that LVPD at different soil moisture levels reduced irrigation demand under greenhouse conditions. This approach can be applied in water management in greenhouse vegetable production in China and other regions of the world with temperate continental climates.
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19
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Chaudhry S, Sidhu GPS. Climate change regulated abiotic stress mechanisms in plants: a comprehensive review. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:1-31. [PMID: 34351488 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02759-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change is identified as a major threat to survival of natural ecosystems. Climate change is a dynamic, multifaceted system of alterations in environmental conditions that affect abiotic and biotic components of the world. It results in alteration in environmental conditions such as heat waves, intensity of rainfall, CO2 concentration and temperature that lead to rise in new pests, weeds and pathogens. Climate change is one of the major constraints limiting plant growth and development worldwide. It impairs growth, disturbs photosynthesis, and reduces physiological responses in plants. The variations in global climate have gained the attention of researchers worldwide, as these changes negatively affect the agriculture by reducing crop productivity and food security. With this background, this review focuses on the effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration, temperature, drought and salinity on the morphology, physiology and biochemistry of plants. Furthermore, this paper outlines an overview on the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and their impact on the biochemical and molecular status of plants with increased climatic variations. Also additionally, different tolerance strategies adopted by plants to combat environmental adversities have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Chaudhry
- Institute of Environmental Studies, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136119, India
- Centre for Applied Biology in Environment Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136119, India
| | - Gagan Preet Singh Sidhu
- Centre for Applied Biology in Environment Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136119, India.
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20
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Perring MP, Bullock JM, Alison J, Holder AJ, Hayes F. O
ut of sight,
O
ut of mind – but not
O
ut of scope. The need to consider ozone in restoration science, policy and practice. Restor Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Perring
- UKCEH (UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology), Environment Centre Wales Deiniol Road Bangor Gwynedd LL57 2UW UNITED KINGDOM
- Forest & Nature Lab, Campus Gontrode, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267 9090 Melle‐Gontrode BELGIUM
- Ecosystem Restoration and Intervention Ecology (ERIE) Research Group, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35, Stirling Highway Crawley WA 6009 AUSTRALIA
| | - James M. Bullock
- UKCEH (UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology), Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford Oxfordshire OX10 8BB UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Jamie Alison
- UKCEH (UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology), Environment Centre Wales Deiniol Road Bangor Gwynedd LL57 2UW UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Amanda J. Holder
- UKCEH (UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology), Environment Centre Wales Deiniol Road Bangor Gwynedd LL57 2UW UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Felicity Hayes
- UKCEH (UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology), Environment Centre Wales Deiniol Road Bangor Gwynedd LL57 2UW UNITED KINGDOM
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21
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Cernusak LA, Farha MN, Cheesman AW. Understanding how ozone impacts plant water-use efficiency. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:2229-2233. [PMID: 34569610 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas A Cernusak
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4878, Australia
| | - Mst Nahid Farha
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4878, Australia
- Department of Chemistry, Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology, Bangladesh 6204
| | - Alexander W Cheesman
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4878, Australia
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4PS, UK
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22
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Singh RN, Mukherjee J, Sehgal VK, Krishnan P, Das DK, Dhakar RK, Bhatia A. Interactive effect of elevated tropospheric ozone and carbon dioxide on radiation utilisation, growth and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2021; 65:1939-1952. [PMID: 34050433 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-021-02150-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
An experiment was conducted in the Free Air Ozone and Carbon dioxide Enrichment (FAOCE) facility to study the impact of elevated O3, CO2 and their interaction on chickpea crop (cv. Pusa-5023) in terms of phenology, biophysical parameters, yield components, radiation interception and use efficiency. The crop was exposed to elevated O3 (EO:60ppb), CO2 (EC:550 ppm) and their combined interactive treatment (ECO: EC+EO) during the entire growing season. Results revealed that the crop's total growth period was shortened by 10, 14 and 17 days under elevated CO2, elevated O3 and the combined treatment, respectively. Compared to ambient condition, the leaf area index (LAI) under elevated CO2 was higher by 4 to 28%, whilst it is reduced by 7.3 to 23.8% under elevated O3. The yield based radiation use efficiency (RUEy) was highest under elevated CO2 (0.48 g MJ-1), followed by combined (0.41 g MJ-1), ambient (0.38 g MJ-1) and elevated O3 (0.32 g MJ-1) treatments. Elevated O3 decreased RUEy by 15.78% over ambient, and the interaction results in a 7.8% higher RUEy. The yield was 31.7% more under elevated CO2 and 21.9% lower in elevated O3 treatment as compared to the ambient. The combined interactive treatment recorded a higher yield as compared to ambient by 9.7%. Harvest index (HI) was lowest under elevated O3 (36.10%), followed by ambient (39.18%), combined (40.81%), and highest was under elevated CO2 (44.18%). Chickpea showed a positive response to elevated CO2 resulting a 5% increase in HI as compared to ambient condition. Our findings quantified the positive and negative impacts of elevated O3, CO2 and their interaction on chickpea and revealed that the negative impacts of elevated O3 can be compensated by elevated CO2 in chickpea. This work promotes the understanding of crop behaviour under elevated O3, CO2 and their interaction, which can be used as valuable inputs for radiation-based crop simulation models to simulate climate change impact on chickpea crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- R N Singh
- Division of Agricultural Physics, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi, 110012, India
- School of Atmospheric Stress Management, ICAR-NIASM, Pune, 413115, India
| | - Joydeep Mukherjee
- Division of Agricultural Physics, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - V K Sehgal
- Division of Agricultural Physics, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - P Krishnan
- Division of Agricultural Physics, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Deb Kumar Das
- Division of Agricultural Physics, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Raj Kumar Dhakar
- Division of Agricultural Physics, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Arti Bhatia
- Centre for Environmental Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi, 110012, India
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Ueno AC, Gundel PE, Ghersa CM, Agathokleous E, Martínez-Ghersa MA. Seed-borne fungal endophytes constrain reproductive success of host plants under ozone pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 202:111773. [PMID: 34324850 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone is among the global change factors that pose a threat to plants and microorganisms. Symbiotic microorganisms can assist plants to cope with stress, but their role in the tolerance of plants to ozone is poorly understood. Here, we subjected endophyte-symbiotic and non-symbiotic plants of Lolium multiflorum, an annual species widely distributed in temperate grasslands, to high and low (i.e., charcoal-filtered air) ozone levels at vegetative and reproductive phases. Exposure to high ozone reduced leaf photochemical efficiency and greenness in both symbiotic and non-symbiotic plants. However, ozone-induced oxidative damage at biochemical level (i.e., lipid peroxidation) was mostly detected in symbiotic plants. Ozone exposure at the vegetative phase did not affect the reproductive investment in seeds, indicating full recovery from stress. Ozone exposure at the reproductive phase reduced biomass and seed production only in symbiotic plants indicating a symbiont-associated cost. At low ozone, endophyte-symbiotic plants showed a steeper slope in the relationship between seed number and seed weight (i.e., a number-weight trade-off) compared to non-symbiotic plants. However, when plants were treated at the reproductive phase, ozone increased the imbalance between seed number and seed weight in both endophyte-symbiotic and non-symbiotic plants. Plants with endophytes at the reproductive stage produced fewer seeds, which were not compensated by increased seed weight. Thus, fungal mycelium growing within ovaries or ozone-induced antioxidant systems may result in costs that finally depress the fitness of plants. Despite ozone pollution could destabilize plant-endophyte mutualisms and render them dysfunctional, other endophyte-mediated benefits (e.g., resistance to herbivory, tolerance to drought) could over-compensate these losses and explain the high incidence of the symbiosis in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C Ueno
- IFEVA, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Pedro E Gundel
- IFEVA, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Campus Lircay, Talca, Chile
| | - Claudio M Ghersa
- IFEVA, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, Department of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), Nanjing, China
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24
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Semba RD, Askari S, Gibson S, Bloem MW, Kraemer K. The Potential Impact of Climate Change on the Micronutrient-Rich Food Supply. Adv Nutr 2021; 13:80-100. [PMID: 34607354 PMCID: PMC8803495 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Micronutrient deficiencies are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries worldwide. Climate change, characterized by increasing global surface temperatures and alterations in rainfall, has the capacity to affect the quality and accessibility of micronutrient-rich foods. The goals of this review are to summarize the potential effects of climate change and its consequences on agricultural yield and micronutrient quality, primarily zinc, iron, and vitamin A, of plant foods and upon the availability of animal foods, to discuss the implications for micronutrient deficiencies in the future, and to present possible mitigation and adaptive strategies. In general, the combination of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide and rising temperature is predicted to reduce the overall yield of major staple crops, fruits, vegetables, and nuts, more than altering their micronutrient content. Crop yield is also reduced by elevated ground-level ozone and increased extreme weather events. Pollinator loss is expected to reduce the yield of many pollinator-dependent crops such as fruits, vegetables, and nuts. Sea-level rise resulting from melting of ice sheets and glaciers is predicted to result in coastal inundation, salt intrusion, and loss of coral reefs and mangrove forests, with an adverse impact upon coastal rice production and coastal fisheries. Global ocean fisheries catch is predicted to decline because of ocean warming and declining oxygen. Freshwater warming is also expected to alter ecosystems and reduce inland fisheries catch. In addition to limiting greenhouse gas production, adaptive strategies include postharvest fortification of foods; micronutrient supplementation; biofortification of staple crops with zinc and iron; plant breeding or genetic approaches to increase zinc, iron, and provitamin A carotenoid content of plant foods; and developing staple crops that are tolerant of abiotic stressors such as elevated carbon dioxide, elevated temperature, and increased soil salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sufia Askari
- Children's Investment Fund Foundation, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Gibson
- Children's Investment Fund Foundation, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martin W Bloem
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Klaus Kraemer
- Sight and Life, Basel, Switzerland,Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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25
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Gao Z, Sun B, Chen Z, Zhai H, Yao Y, Du Y. Phosphoproteomic analysis of ozone stress-responsive mechanisms in grapevine identifies KEG required for stress regulation. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 311:111008. [PMID: 34482911 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The environmental damage caused by ozone is of increasing concern globally. The phosphoproteomics approach was used to explore the mechanisms underlying grapevine tolerance to ozone stress and identify phosphoproteins altered by ozone treatment. Results revealed that 194 of 2275 quantitatively analyzed phosphoproteins were significantly regulated after ozone treatment. Biological pathways related to transport were significantly enriched by the differentially regulated phosphoproteins. Among these phosphoproteins, the phosphorylation of RING E3 ligase in grape (V. vinifera KEEP ON GOING, VvKEG) decreased after ozone treatment. Over-expression of VvKEG in Arabidopsis decreased abscisic acid (ABA) sensitivity and enhanced ozone tolerance. Furthermore, VvKEG interacted with the ABA-responsive transcription factor ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE3 (ABI3). The exogenous application of ABA on grapevine leaves significantly influenced chlorophyll fluorescence, chlorophyll, and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents under ozone treatment; however, treatment with 150 μmol ABA aggravated ozone stress. These results indicate that phosphorylation modification provides information on ozone-induced processes and that VvKEG plays a critical role in these processes via regulation of the ABA signaling pathway in grape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Baozhen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Zhengwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Heng Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Yuxin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Yuanpeng Du
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China.
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26
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Ueno AC, Gundel PE, Molina-Montenegro MA, Ramos P, Ghersa CM, Martínez-Ghersa MA. Getting ready for the ozone battle: Vertically transmitted fungal endophytes have transgenerational positive effects in plants. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:2716-2728. [PMID: 33721328 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ground-level ozone is a global air pollutant with high toxicity and represents a threat to plants and microorganisms. Although beneficial microorganisms can improve host performance, their role in connecting environmentally induced maternal plant phenotypes to progeny (transgenerational effects [TGE]) is unknown. We evaluated fungal endophyte-mediated consequences of maternal plant exposure to ozone on performance of the progeny under contrasting scenarios of the same factor (high and low) at two stages: seedling and young plant. With no variation in biomass, maternal ozone-induced oxidative damage in the progeny that was lower in endophyte-symbiotic plants. This correlated with an endophyte-mediated higher concentration of proline, a defence compound associated with stress control. Interestingly, ozone-induced TGE was not associated with reductions in plant survival. On the contrary, there was an overall positive effect on seedling survival in the presence of endophytes. The positive effect of maternal ozone increasing young plant survival was irrespective of symbiosis and only expressed under high ozone condition. Our study shows that hereditary microorganisms can modulate the capacity of plants to transgenerationally adjust progeny phenotype to atmospheric change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C Ueno
- Facultad de Agronomía, IFEVA, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pedro E Gundel
- Facultad de Agronomía, IFEVA, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Marco A Molina-Montenegro
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Maule (CIEAM), Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Patricio Ramos
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
- Núcleo Científico Multidisciplinario-DI, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Claudio M Ghersa
- Facultad de Agronomía, IFEVA, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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27
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Wedow JM, Ainsworth EA, Li S. Plant biochemistry influences tropospheric ozone formation, destruction, deposition, and response. Trends Biochem Sci 2021; 46:992-1002. [PMID: 34303585 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone (O3) is among the most damaging air pollutant to plants. Plants alter the atmospheric O3 concentration in two distinct ways: (i) by the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are precursors of O3; and (ii) by dry deposition, which includes diffusion of O3 into vegetation through stomata and destruction by nonstomatal pathways. Isoprene, monoterpenes, and higher terpenoids are emitted by plants in quantities that alter tropospheric O3. Deposition of O3 into vegetation is related to stomatal conductance, leaf structural traits, and the detoxification capacity of the apoplast. The biochemical fate of O3 once it enters leaves and reacts with aqueous surfaces is largely unknown, but new techniques for the tracking and identification of initial products have the potential to open the black box.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Wedow
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Ainsworth
- USDA ARS Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Shuai Li
- Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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28
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Martin MP, Dimassi B, Román Dobarco M, Guenet B, Arrouays D, Angers DA, Blache F, Huard F, Soussana J, Pellerin S. Feasibility of the 4 per 1000 aspirational target for soil carbon: A case study for France. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:2458-2477. [PMID: 33538378 PMCID: PMC8252610 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks is a promising way to mitigate the increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration. Based on a simple ratio between CO2 anthropogenic emissions and SOC stocks worldwide, it has been suggested that a 0.4% (4 per 1000) yearly increase in SOC stocks could compensate for current anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Here, we used a reverse RothC modelling approach to estimate the amount of C inputs to soils required to sustain current SOC stocks and to increase them by 4‰ per year over a period of 30 years. We assessed the feasibility of this aspirational target first by comparing the required C input with net primary productivity (NPP) flowing to the soil, and second by considering the SOC saturation concept. Calculations were performed for mainland France, at a 1 km grid cell resolution. Results showed that a 30%-40% increase in C inputs to soil would be needed to obtain a 4‰ increase per year over a 30-year period. 88.4% of cropland areas were considered unsaturated in terms of mineral-associated SOC, but characterized by a below target C balance, that is, less NPP available than required to reach the 4‰ aspirational target. Conversely, 90.4% of unimproved grasslands were characterized by an above target C balance, that is, enough NPP to reach the 4‰ objective, but 59.1% were also saturated. The situation of improved grasslands and forests was more evenly distributed among the four categories (saturated vs. unsaturated and above vs below target C balance). Future data from soil monitoring networks should enable to validate these results. Overall, our results suggest that, for mainland France, priorities should be (1) to increase NPP returns in cropland soils that are unsaturated and have a below target carbon balance and (2) to preserve SOC stocks in other land uses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mercedes Román Dobarco
- INRAEInfoSolOrléansFrance
- Present address:
Sydney Institute of Agriculture & School of Life and Environmental SciencesThe University of SydneyEveleighNSW2015Australia
| | - Bertrand Guenet
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA‐CNRS‐UVSQUniversité Paris‐SaclayGif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
- Laboratoire de Géologie de l'ENS, PSL Research University, CNRSUMR 8538ParisFrance
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29
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Goklany IM. Reduction in global habitat loss from fossil-fuel-dependent increases in cropland productivity. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2021; 35:766-774. [PMID: 32803899 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Terrestrial biodiversity loss and climate change, driven mainly by loss of habitat to agriculture and fossil fuel (FF) use, respectively, are considered among the world's greatest environmental threats. However, FF-dependent technologies are currently essential for manufacturing synthetic nitrogen fertilizers (SNFs) and synthetic pesticides (SPs) critical to increasing agricultural productivity, which reduces habitat loss. Fossil fuel use increases CO2 levels, further enhancing agricultural productivity. Based on estimates of global increases in yields from SNFs, SPs, and atmospheric CO2 fertilization, I estimated that FF-dependent technologies are responsible for at least 62.5% of current global food production (GFP) from cropland. Thus, if FF use is eschewed in the future, maintaining current GFP means croplands would have to increase from 12.2% of global land area (GLA) excluding Antarctica to 32.7%. The additional 20.4% of GLA needed exceeds habitat lost currently to cropland (12.2% of GLA) and cumulative conservation areas globally (14.6% of GLA). Thus, although eliminating FF use could reduce climate change, its unintended consequences may be to significantly exacerbate biodiversity loss and indirectly increase food costs, reducing food security which, moreover, disproportionately affects the poor. Although it may be possible to replace SNFs and SPs with FF-free technologies, such substitutes have not yet been demonstrated to be sufficiently economical or efficient. In the interim, meeting global food demand and keeping food prices affordable would increase habitat conversion and food prices. These trade-offs should be considered in analyses of climate change policies.
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30
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Is the Green Wave Really Green? The Risks of Rebound Effects When Implementing “Green” Policies. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13105411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Traffic and transportation are main contributors to the global CO2 emissions and resulting climate change. Especially in urban areas, traffic flow is not optimal and thus offers possibilities to reduce emissions. The concept of a Green Wave, i.e., the coordinated switching of traffic lights in order to favor a single direction and reduce congestion, is often discussed as a simple mechanism to avoid breaking and accelerating, thereby reducing fuel consumption. On the other hand, making car use more attractive might also increase emissions. In this study, we use an agent-based model to investigate the benefit of a Green Wave in order to find out whether it can outweigh the effects of increased car use. We find that although the Green Wave has the potential to reduce emissions, there is also a high risk of heaving a net increase in emissions, depending on the specifics of the traffic system.
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31
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Bosch J, Elvira S, Sausor C, Bielby J, González-Fernández I, Alonso R, Bermejo-Bermejo V. Increased tropospheric ozone levels enhance pathogen infection levels of amphibians. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 759:143461. [PMID: 33199009 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As a result of anthropogenic activities, changes to the chemistry of Earth's atmosphere pose a threat to ecosystem health and biodiversity. One such change is the increase in tropospheric ozone (O3), which is particularly severe in the Mediterranean basin area, where the levels of this pollutant are chronically high during spring and summer time. Within this region, Mediterranean mountain ecosystems are hot spots for biodiversity which may be especially vulnerable to changes in O3 levels. Declines in montane amphibian populations have been recorded worldwide, including the Mediterranean basin. A significant driver of these declines is the emerging infection disease, chytridiomycosis, caused by the aquatic fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). Chytridiomycosis has negatively affected populations of several amphibian species in the Spanish Central Range, including in the Sierra Guadarrama, and interactions with other biotic and abiotic factors are an important part of these declines. However, there is little evidence or knowledge of whether tropospheric O3 levels may be another factor in the outbreaks of this disease. To test the hypothesis that O3 levels are another interactive driver of Bd infection dynamics, two different approaches were followed: 1) an experimental study in open top chambers was used to quantify the aspects of how Bd infection progressed throughout the metamorphic process under four different O3 levels; and 2) a field epidemiological study was used to analyse the relationship between the Bd infection load in the Sierra de Guadarrama and tropospheric O3 levels during a 9 year period. Our results suggest that high O3 levels significantly delayed the rate of development of tadpoles and increased Bd infection, providing empirical evidence of two new separate ways that may explain population declines of montane amphibians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Bosch
- Research Unit of Biodiversity - CSIC/UO/PA, Universidad de Oviedo, Edificio de Investigación, 5ª planta, 33600 Mieres, Spain; Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales CSIC, José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación, Seguimiento y Evaluación, Parque Nacional de la Sierra de Guadarrama, 28740 Rascafría, Spain.
| | - Susana Elvira
- CIEMAT, Ecotoxicology of Air Pollution, Envionmental Dept., Avda. Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Sausor
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales CSIC, José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jon Bielby
- Liverpool John Moores University, School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rocío Alonso
- CIEMAT, Ecotoxicology of Air Pollution, Envionmental Dept., Avda. Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Bermejo-Bermejo
- CIEMAT, Ecotoxicology of Air Pollution, Envionmental Dept., Avda. Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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32
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Godde C, Mason-D’Croz D, Mayberry D, Thornton P, Herrero M. Impacts of climate change on the livestock food supply chain; a review of the evidence. GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY-AGRICULTURE POLICY ECONOMICS AND ENVIRONMENT 2021; 28:100488. [PMID: 33738188 PMCID: PMC7938222 DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2020.100488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The potential impacts of climate change on current livestock systems worldwide are a major concern, and yet the topic is covered to a limited extent in global reports such as the ones produced by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. In this article, we review the risk of climate-related impacts along the land-based livestock food supply chain. Although a quantification of the net impacts of climate change on the livestock sector is beyond the reach of our current understanding, there is strong evidence that there will be impacts throughout the supply chain, from farm production to processing operations, storage, transport, retailing and human consumption. The risks of climate-related impacts are highly context-specific but expected to be higher in environments that are already hot and have limited socio-economic and institutional resources for adaptation. Large uncertainties remain as to climate futures and the exposure and responses of the interlinked human and natural systems to climatic changes over time. Consequently, adaptation choices will need to account for a wide range of possible futures, including those with low probability but large consequences. Risk results from the interaction of climate-related hazards with the exposure and vulnerability of human and natural systems. Climate change will impact the livestock sector throughout the food supply chain—from farm production to human consumption. Key hazards relate to climate change trends but also, and importantly, to climate variability and climate extremes. Large uncertainties remain as to climate futures and the exposure and responses of the interlinked human and natural systems. Adaptation choices will need to account for a wide range of possible futures.
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Affiliation(s)
- C.M. Godde
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, St Lucia, QLD, 4067, Australia
- Corresponding author.
| | - D. Mason-D’Croz
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, St Lucia, QLD, 4067, Australia
| | - D.E. Mayberry
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, St Lucia, QLD, 4067, Australia
| | - P.K. Thornton
- CGIAR Research Programme on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), ILRI, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - M. Herrero
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, St Lucia, QLD, 4067, Australia
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33
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Goumenaki E, González-Fernández I, Barnes JD. Ozone uptake at night is more damaging to plants than equivalent day-time flux. PLANTA 2021; 253:75. [PMID: 33629150 PMCID: PMC7904732 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03580-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Plants exposed to equivalent ozone fluxes administered during day-time versus night-time exhibited greater losses in biomass at night and this finding is attributed to night-time depletion of cell wall-localised ascorbate. The present study employed Lactuca sativa and its closest wild relative, L. serriola, to explore the relative sensitivity of plants to ozone-induced oxidative stress during day-time versus night-time. By controlling atmospheric ozone concentration and measuring stomatal conductance, equivalent ozone uptake into leaves was engineered during day and night, and consequences on productivity and net CO2 assimilation rate were determined. Biomass losses attributable to ozone were significantly greater when an equivalent dose of ozone was taken-up by foliage at night compared to the day. Linkages between ozone impacts and ascorbic acid (AA) content, redox status and cellular compartmentation were probed in both species. Leaf AA pools were depleted by exposure of plants to darkness, and then AA levels in the apoplast and symplast were monitored on subsequent transfer of plants to the light. Apoplast AA appeared to be more affected by light-dark transition than the symplast pool. Moreover, equivalent ozone fluxes administered to leaves with contrasting AA levels resulted in contrasting effects on the light-saturated rate of CO2 assimilation (Asat) in both species. Once apoplast AA content recovered to pre-treatment levels, the same ozone flux resulted in no impacts on Asat. The results of the present investigation reveal that plants are significantly more sensitive to equivalent ozone fluxes taken-up at night compared with those during the day and were consistent with diel shifts in apoplast AA content and/or redox status. Furthermore, findings suggest that some thought should be given to weighing regional models of ozone impacts for extraordinary night-time ozone impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Goumenaki
- Plant and Microbial Biology, School of Natural and Environmental Science [SNES], Devonshire Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, P.O. Box 1939, GR-71004, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Ignacio González-Fernández
- Plant and Microbial Biology, School of Natural and Environmental Science [SNES], Devonshire Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
- Ecotoxicology of Air Pollution, CIEMAT, Avda. Complutense, 40.28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jeremy D Barnes
- Plant and Microbial Biology, School of Natural and Environmental Science [SNES], Devonshire Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
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Biancari L, Cerrotta C, Menéndez AI, Gundel PE, Martínez-Ghersa MA. Episodes of high tropospheric ozone reduce nodulation, seed production and quality in soybean (Glycine max (L.) merr.) on low fertility soils. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 269:116117. [PMID: 33272799 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Driven by human activities, air pollution and soil degradation are threatening food production systems. Rising ozone in the troposphere can affect several physiological processes in plants and their interaction with symbiotic microorganisms. Plant responses to ozone may depend on both soil fertility and the ontogenetic stage in which they are exposed. In this work, we studied the effects of ozone episodes and soil fertility on soybean plants. We analysed soybean plant responses in the production of aboveground and belowground biomass, structural and functional attributes of rhizobia, and seed production and quality. The experiment was performed with plants grown in two substrates with different fertility (commercial soil, and soil diluted (50%, v/v) with sand). Plants were exposed to acute episodes of ozone during vegetative and reproductive stages. We observed that ozone significantly reduced belowground biomass (≈25%), nodule biomass (≈30%), and biological nitrogen fixation (≈21%). Plants exposed to ozone during reproductive stage growing in soil with reduced fertility had lower seed production (≈10% lower) and seed protein (≈12% lower). These responses on yield and quality can be explained by the observed changes in belowground biomass and nitrogen fixation. The negative impact of ozone on the symbiotic interaction with rhizobia, seed production and quality in soybean plants were greater in soils with reduced fertility. Our results indicate that food security could be at risk in the future if trends in ozone concentration and soil degradation processes continue to increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Biancari
- IFEVA, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Clara Cerrotta
- IFEVA, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Hurlingham, Instituto de Biotecnología, Villa Tesei, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Analía I Menéndez
- IFEVA, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pedro E Gundel
- IFEVA, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Campus Talca, Chile
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Ainsworth EA, Long SP. 30 years of free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE): What have we learned about future crop productivity and its potential for adaptation? GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:27-49. [PMID: 33135850 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) allows open-air elevation of [CO2 ] without altering the microclimate. Its scale uniquely supports simultaneous study from physiology and yield to soil processes and disease. In 2005 we summarized results of then 28 published observations by meta-analysis. Subsequent studies have combined FACE with temperature, drought, ozone, and nitrogen treatments. Here, we summarize the results of now almost 250 observations, spanning 14 sites and five continents. Across 186 independent studies of 18 C3 crops, elevation of [CO2 ] by ca. 200 ppm caused a ca. 18% increase in yield under non-stress conditions. Legumes and root crops showed a greater increase and cereals less. Nitrogen deficiency reduced the average increase to 10%, as did warming by ca. 2°C. Two conclusions of the 2005 analysis were that C4 crops would not be more productive in elevated [CO2 ], except under drought, and that yield responses of C3 crops were diminished by nitrogen deficiency and wet conditions. Both stand the test of time. Further studies of maize and sorghum showed no yield increase, except in drought, while soybean productivity was negatively affected by early growing season wet conditions. Subsequent study showed reduced levels of nutrients, notably Zn and Fe in most crops, and lower nitrogen and protein in the seeds of non-leguminous crops. Testing across crop germplasm revealed sufficient variation to maintain nutrient content under rising [CO2 ]. A strong correlation of yield response under elevated [CO2 ] to genetic yield potential in both rice and soybean was observed. Rice cultivars with the highest yield potential showed a 35% yield increase in elevated [CO2 ] compared to an average of 14%. Future FACE experiments have the potential to develop cultivars and management strategies for co-promoting sustainability and productivity under future elevated [CO2 ].
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Ainsworth
- USDA ARS Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, Urbana, IL, USA
- Departments of Plant Biology and of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Stephen P Long
- Departments of Plant Biology and of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
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Marcheafave GG, Tormena CD, Mattos LE, Liberatti VR, Ferrari ABS, Rakocevic M, Bruns RE, Scarminio IS, Pauli ED. The main effects of elevated CO 2 and soil-water deficiency on 1H NMR-based metabolic fingerprints of Coffea arabica beans by factorial and mixture design. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 749:142350. [PMID: 33370915 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic response of Coffea arabica trees in the face of the rising atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) combined with the reduction in soil-water availability is complex due to the various (bio)chemical feedbacks. Modern analytical tools and the experimental advance of agronomic science tend to advance in the understanding of the metabolic complexity of plants. In this work, Coffea arabica trees were grown in a Free-Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment dispositive under factorial design (22) conditions considering two CO2 levels and two soil-water availabilities. The 1H NMR mixture design-fingerprinting effects of CO2 and soil-water levels on beans were strategically investigated using the principal component analysis (PCA), analysis of variance (ANOVA) - simultaneous component analysis (ASCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). From the ASCA, the CO2 factor had a significant effect on changing the 1H NMR profile of fingerprints. The soil-water factor and interaction (CO2 × soil-water) were not significant. 1H NMR fingerprints with PCA, ASCA and PLS-DA analysis determined spectral profiles for fatty acids, caffeine, trigonelline and glucose increases in beans from current CO2, while quinic acid/chlorogenic acids, malic acid and kahweol/cafestol increased in coffee beans from elevated CO2. PLS-DA results revealed a good classification performance between the significant effect of the atmospheric CO2 levels on the fingerprints, regardless of the soil-water availabilities. Finally, the PLS-DA model showed good prediction ability, successfully classifying validation data-set of coffee beans collected over the vertical profile of the plants and included several fingerprints of different extracting solvents. The results of this investigation suggest that the association of experimental design, mixture design, PCA, ASCA and PLS-DA can provide accurate information on a series of metabolic changes provoked by climate changes in products of commercial importance, in addition to minimizing the extra work necessary in classic analytical approaches, encouraging the development of similar strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Galo Marcheafave
- Laboratory of Chemometrics in Natural Sciences (LQCN), Department of Chemistry, State University of Londrina, CP 6001, 86051-990 Londrina, PR, Brazil.
| | - Cláudia Domiciano Tormena
- Laboratory of Chemometrics in Natural Sciences (LQCN), Department of Chemistry, State University of Londrina, CP 6001, 86051-990 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Lavínia Eduarda Mattos
- Laboratory of Chemometrics in Natural Sciences (LQCN), Department of Chemistry, State University of Londrina, CP 6001, 86051-990 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Rocha Liberatti
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Londrina, CP 6001, 86051-990 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Miroslava Rakocevic
- Northern Rio de Janeiro State University - UENF, Plant Physiology Lab, Av. Alberto Lamego 2000, 28013-602 Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil; Embrapa Environment, Rodovia SP 340, Km 127.5, 13820-000 Jaguariúna, SP, Brazil
| | - Roy Edward Bruns
- Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas, CP 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ieda Spacino Scarminio
- Laboratory of Chemometrics in Natural Sciences (LQCN), Department of Chemistry, State University of Londrina, CP 6001, 86051-990 Londrina, PR, Brazil.
| | - Elis Daiane Pauli
- Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas, CP 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
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da Silva RG, Alves RDC, Zingaretti SM. Increased [CO 2] Causes Changes in Physiological and Genetic Responses in C 4 Crops: A Brief Review. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9111567. [PMID: 33202833 PMCID: PMC7697923 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Climate change not only worries government representatives and organizations, but also attracts the attention of the scientific community in different contexts. In agriculture specifically, the cultivation and productivity of crops such as sugarcane, maize, and sorghum are influenced by several environmental factors. The effects of high atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide ([CO2]) have been the subject of research investigating the growth and development of C4 plants. Therefore, this brief review presents some of the physiological and genetic changes in economically important C4 plants following exposure periods of increased [CO2] levels. In the short term, with high [CO2], C4 plants change photosynthetic metabolism and carbohydrate production. The photosynthetic apparatus is initially improved, and some responses, such as stomatal conductance and transpiration rate, are normally maintained throughout the exposure. Protein-encoding genes related to photosynthesis, such as the enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, to sucrose accumulation and to biomass growth and are differentially regulated by [CO2] increase and can variably participate owing to the C4 species and/or other internal and external factors interfering in plant development. Despite the consensus among some studies, mainly on physiological changes, further studies are still necessary to identify the molecular mechanisms modulated under this condition. In addition, considering future scenarios, the combined effects of high environmental and [CO2] stresses need to be investigated so that the responses of maize, sugarcane, and sorghum are better understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan Gonçalves da Silva
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences Jaboticabal, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, 14884-900 São Paulo, Brazil;
| | - Rita de Cássia Alves
- Semi-Arid National Institute (INSA), Crop Production Center, Campina Grande, 58434-700 Paraíba, Brazil;
| | - Sonia Marli Zingaretti
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences Jaboticabal, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, 14884-900 São Paulo, Brazil;
- Biotechnology Unit, University of Ribeirão Preto (UNAERP), Ribeirão Preto, 14096-900 São Paulo, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-16-3603-6727
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Introduction to Modern Climate Change. Andrew E. Dessler: Cambridge University Press, 2011, 252 pp, ISBN-10: 0521173159. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 734:139397. [PMCID: PMC7227569 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is the variability of the climate system that includes the atmosphere, the biogeochemical cycles (Carbon cycle, Nitrogen cycle and Hydrological cycle), the land surface, ice and the biotic and abiotic components of the planet earth. Significant impact of climate change is seen in the form of rise in temperature called as global warming. Carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) are the primary greenhouse gases (GHGs) mainly responsible for the global warming and climate change. These GHGs have drawn lot of attention due to their significant role in the global warming potential. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) suggested to stop global warming at 1.5oC above preindustrial levels as warming beyond this level might lead to heat extremes, alter insect and plant phenology (Phenological shifts) and more occurrence of vector borne diseases. Climate change is the topic of interest in all fields of life starting from social science and going to the applied science. Global climate cycles and world food production systems are under threat due to the recent climate extreme events. These events include heat waves and change in the rainfall patterns. Thus, risk reduction intervention in the form of mitigation and adaptation is required to minimize the impacts of climate change. Mitigation option includes understanding the present and future components of the climate system and interaction among them through coupled modeling system i.e. Global Circulation Model (GCM). Finally, global issue of climate change could be addressed by taking worldwide cooperation and action and adopting sustainable measures like use of alternative energy sources. The visible benefit on recovery of climate has been seen recently through global lockdown against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
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Maternal Exposure to Ozone Modulates the Endophyte-Conferred Resistance to Aphids in Lolium multiflorum Plants. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11090548. [PMID: 32824905 PMCID: PMC7564161 DOI: 10.3390/insects11090548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Plants are challenged by biotic and abiotic stress factors and the incidence of one can increase or decrease resistance to another. These relations can also occur transgenerationally. For instance, progeny plants whose mothers experienced herbivory can be more resistant to herbivores. Certain fungal endophytes that are vertically transmitted endow plants with alkaloids and resistance to herbivores. However, endophyte-symbiotic plants exposed to the oxidative agent ozone became susceptible to aphids. Here, we explored whether this effect persists transgenerationally. We exposed Lolium multiflorum plants with and without fungal endophyte Epichloë occultans to ozone (120 or 0 ppb), and then, challenged the progeny with aphids (Rhopalosiphum padi). The endophyte was the main factor determining the resistance to aphids, but its importance diminished in plants with ozone history. This negative ozone effect on the endophyte-mediated resistance was apparent on aphid individual weights. Phenolic compounds in seeds were increased by the symbiosis and diminished by the ozone. The endophyte effect on phenolics vanished in progeny plants while the negative ozone effect persisted. Independently of ozone, the symbiosis increased the plant biomass (≈24%). Although ozone can diminish the importance of endophyte symbiosis for plant resistance to herbivores, it would be compensated by host growth stimulation.
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Vannini A, Canali G, Pica M, Nali C, Loppi S. The Water Content Drives the Susceptibility of the Lichen Evernia prunastri and the Moss Brachythecium sp. to High Ozone Concentrations. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:E90. [PMID: 32349300 PMCID: PMC7284327 DOI: 10.3390/biology9050090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the tolerance of lichens (Evernia prunastri) and mosses (Brachythecium sp.) to short-term (1 h), acute (1 ppm) O3 fumigation under different hydration states (dry, <10% water content, metabolism almost inactive; wet, >200% water content, metabolism fully active). We hypothesized that stronger damage would occur following exposure under wet conditions. In addition, we checked for the effect of recovery (1 week) after the exposure. Ozone fumigation negatively affected the content of chlorophyll only in wet samples, but in the moss, such a difference was no longer evident after one week of recovery. Photosynthetic efficiency was always impaired by O3 exposure, irrespective of the dry or wet state, and also after one week of recovery, but the effect was much stronger in wet samples. The antioxidant power was increased in wet moss and in dry lichen, while a decrease was found for wet lichens after 1 week. Our results confirm that the tolerance to O3 of lichens and mosses may be determined by their low water content, which is the case during the peaks of O3 occurring during the Mediterranean summer. The role of antioxidant power as a mechanism of resistance to high O3 concentrations needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Vannini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena and Italy, 53100 Siena, Italy; (A.V.); (G.C.)
| | - Giulia Canali
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena and Italy, 53100 Siena, Italy; (A.V.); (G.C.)
| | | | - Cristina Nali
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Stefano Loppi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena and Italy, 53100 Siena, Italy; (A.V.); (G.C.)
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Wang L, Chen L, Yang S, Tan X. Photosynthetic Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to Oleochemicals by Cyanobacteria: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:634. [PMID: 32362881 PMCID: PMC7181335 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustainable production of biofuels and biochemicals has been broadly accepted as a solution to lower carbon dioxide emissions. Besides being used as lubricants or detergents, oleochemicals are also attractive biofuels as they are compatible with existing transport infrastructures. Cyanobacteria are autotrophic prokaryotes possessing photosynthetic abilities with mature genetic manipulation systems. Through the introduction of exogenous or the modification of intrinsic metabolic pathways, cyanobacteria have been engineered to produce various bio-chemicals and biofuels over the past decade. In this review, we specifically summarize recent progress on photosynthetic production of fatty acids, fatty alcohols, fatty alk(a/e)nes, and fatty acid esters by genetically engineered cyanobacteria. We also summarize recent reports on fatty acid and lipid metabolisms of cyanobacteria and provide perspectives for economic cyanobacterial oleochemical production in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shihui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoming Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
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Tausz-Posch S, De Kok LJ. Plant functioning in a changing global atmosphere. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2020; 22 Suppl 1:3-4. [PMID: 31808222 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Tausz-Posch
- Department of Agriculture, Science and the Environment, CQ University Australia, Kawana, QLD, Australia
| | - L J De Kok
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Li S, Courbet G, Ourry A, Ainsworth EA. Elevated Ozone Concentration Reduces Photosynthetic Carbon Gain but Does Not Alter Leaf Structural Traits, Nutrient Composition or Biomass in Switchgrass. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8040085. [PMID: 30987071 PMCID: PMC6524373 DOI: 10.3390/plants8040085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Elevated tropospheric ozone concentration (O₃) increases oxidative stress in vegetation and threatens the stability of crop production. Current O₃ pollution in the United States is estimated to decrease the yields of maize (Zea mays) up to 10%, however, many bioenergy feedstocks including switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) have not been studied for response to O₃ stress. Using Free Air Concentration Enrichment (FACE) technology, we investigated the impacts of elevated O₃ (~100 nmol mol-1) on leaf photosynthetic traits and capacity, chlorophyll fluorescence, the Ball⁻Woodrow⁻Berry (BWB) relationship, respiration, leaf structure, biomass and nutrient composition of switchgrass. Elevated O₃ concentration reduced net CO₂ assimilation rate (A), stomatal conductance (gs), and maximum CO₂ saturated photosynthetic capacity (Vmax), but did not affect other functional and structural traits in switchgrass or the macro- (except potassium) and micronutrient content of leaves. These results suggest that switchgrass exhibits a greater O₃ tolerance than maize, and provide important fundamental data for evaluating the yield stability of a bioenergy feedstock crop and for exploring O₃ sensitivity among bioenergy feedstocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Li
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation and Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
- Institute for Sustainability, Energy, and Environment, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Galatéa Courbet
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INRA, UMR 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et nutritions N, C, S, Esplanade de la Paix, Université Caen Normandie, 14032 Caen Cedex 5, France; (G.C.); (A.O.)
| | - Alain Ourry
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INRA, UMR 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et nutritions N, C, S, Esplanade de la Paix, Université Caen Normandie, 14032 Caen Cedex 5, France; (G.C.); (A.O.)
| | - Elizabeth A. Ainsworth
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation and Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
- Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Correspondence:
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