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Ahmed M, Tóth Z, Decsi K. The Impact of Salinity on Crop Yields and the Confrontational Behavior of Transcriptional Regulators, Nanoparticles, and Antioxidant Defensive Mechanisms under Stressful Conditions: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2654. [PMID: 38473901 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the most significant environmental challenges to crop growth and yield worldwide is soil salinization. Salinity lowers soil solution water potential, causes ionic disequilibrium and specific ion effects, and increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) buildup, causing several physiological and biochemical issues in plants. Plants have developed biological and molecular methods to combat salt stress. Salt-signaling mechanisms regulated by phytohormones may provide additional defense in salty conditions. That discovery helped identify the molecular pathways that underlie zinc-oxide nanoparticle (ZnO-NP)-based salt tolerance in certain plants. It emphasized the need to study processes like transcriptional regulation that govern plants' many physiological responses to such harsh conditions. ZnO-NPs have shown the capability to reduce salinity stress by working with transcription factors (TFs) like AP2/EREBP, WRKYs, NACs, and bZIPs that are released or triggered to stimulate plant cell osmotic pressure-regulating hormones and chemicals. In addition, ZnO-NPs have been shown to reduce the expression of stress markers such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) while also affecting transcriptional factors. Those systems helped maintain protein integrity, selective permeability, photosynthesis, and other physiological processes in salt-stressed plants. This review examined how salt stress affects crop yield and suggested that ZnO-NPs could reduce plant salinity stress instead of osmolytes and plant hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Ahmed
- Festetics Doctoral School, Institute of Agronomy, Georgikon Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 8360 Keszthely, Hungary
- Department of Agricultural Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Zoltán Tóth
- Institute of Agronomy, Georgikon Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 8360 Keszthely, Hungary
| | - Kincső Decsi
- Institute of Agronomy, Georgikon Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 8360 Keszthely, Hungary
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2
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Ghosh S, Dahiya M, Kumar A, Bheri M, Pandey GK. Calcium imaging: a technique to monitor calcium dynamics in biological systems. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 29:1777-1811. [PMID: 38222278 PMCID: PMC10784449 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-023-01405-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Calcium ion (Ca2+) is a multifaceted signaling molecule that acts as an important second messenger. During the course of evolution, plants and animals have developed Ca2+ signaling in order to respond against diverse stimuli, to regulate a large number of physiological and developmental pathways. Our understanding of Ca2+ signaling and its components in physiological phenomena ranging from lower to higher organisms, and from single cell to multiple tissues has grown exponentially. The generation of Ca2+ transients or signatures for various stress factor is a well-known mechanism adopted in plant and animal systems. However, the decoding of such remarkable signatures is an uphill task and is always an interesting goal for the scientific community. In the past few decades, studies on the concentration and dynamics of intracellular Ca2+ are significantly increasing and have become a trend in modern biology. The advancement in approaches from Ca2+ binding dyes to in vivo Ca2+ imaging through the use of Ca2+ biosensors to achieve spatio-temporal resolution in micro and milliseconds range, provide us phenomenal opportunities to study live cell Ca2+ imaging or dynamics. Here, we describe the usage, improvement and advancement of Ca2+ based dyes, genetically encoded probes and sensors to achieve extraordinary Ca2+ imaging in plants and animals. Graphical abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Soma Ghosh
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, 110021 India
| | - Monika Dahiya
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, 110021 India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, 110021 India
| | - Malathi Bheri
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, 110021 India
| | - Girdhar K. Pandey
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, 110021 India
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Yu Z, Niu L, Cai Q, Wei J, Shang L, Yang X, Ma R. Improved salt-tolerance of transgenic soybean by stable over-expression of AhBADH gene from Atriplex hortensis. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023:10.1007/s00299-023-03031-8. [PMID: 37195504 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03031-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The salt-tolerance of transgenic soybean cleared for environmental release was improved by stable over-expression of AhBADH gene from Atriplex hortensis, which was demonstrated through molecular analysis and field experiments. An effective strategy for increasing the productivity of major crops under salt stress conditions is the development of transgenics that harbor genes responsible for salinity tolerance. Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) is a key enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of the osmoprotectant, glycine betaine (GB), and osmotic balance in plants, and several plants transformed with BADH gene have shown significant improvements in salt tolerance. However, very few field-tested transgenic cultivars have been reported, as most of the transgenic studies are limited to laboratory or green house experiments. In this study, we demonstrated through field experiments that AhBADH from Atriplex hortensis confers salt tolerance when transformed into soybean (Glycine max L.). AhBADH was successfully introduced into soybean by Agrobacterium mediated transformation. A total of 256 transgenic plants were obtained, out of which 47 lines showed significant enhancement of salt tolerance compared to non-transgenic control plants. Molecular analyses of the transgenic line TL2 and TL7 with the highest salt tolerance exhibited stable inheritance and expression of AhBADH in progenies with a single copy insertion. TL1, TL2 and TL7 exhibited stable enhanced salt tolerance and improved agronomic traits when subjected to 300mM NaCl treatment. Currently, the transgenic line TL2 and TL7 with stable enhanced salt tolerance, which have been cleared for environmental release, are under biosafety assessment. TL 2 and TL7 stably expressing AhBADH could then be applied in commercial breeding experiments to genetically improve salt tolerance in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijing Yu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Lu Niu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Qinan Cai
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Jia Wei
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Lixia Shang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Xiangdong Yang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China.
| | - Rui Ma
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China.
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Sun X, Zheng HX, Li S, Gao Y, Dang Y, Chen Z, Wu F, Wang X, Xie Q, Sui N. MicroRNAs balance growth and salt stress responses in sweet sorghum. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 113:677-697. [PMID: 36534087 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress is one of the major causes of reduced crop production, limiting agricultural development globally. Plants have evolved with complex systems to maintain the balance between growth and stress responses, where signaling pathways such as hormone signaling play key roles. Recent studies revealed that hormones are modulated by microRNAs (miRNAs). Previously, two sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) inbred lines with different salt tolerance were identified: the salt-tolerant M-81E and the salt-sensitive Roma. The levels of endogenous hormones in M-81E and Roma varied differently under salt stress, showing a different balance between growth and stress responses. miRNA and degradome sequencing showed that the expression of many upstream transcription factors regulating signal transduction and hormone-responsive genes was directly induced by differentially expressed miRNAs, whose levels were very different between the two sweet sorghum lines. Furthermore, the effects of representative miRNAs on salt tolerance in sorghum were verified through a transformation system mediated by Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Also, miR-6225-5p reduced the level of Ca2+ in the miR-6225-5p-overexpressing line by inhibiting the expression of the Ca2+ uptake gene SbGLR3.1 in the root epidermis and affected salt tolerance in sorghum. This study provides evidence for miRNA-mediated growth and stress responses in sweet sorghum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hong-Xiang Zheng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Simin Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Yinping Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Yingying Dang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Zengting Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Fenghui Wu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Qi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Na Sui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
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Wu F, Chen Z, Zhang F, Zheng H, Li S, Gao Y, Yang J, Sui N. Identification and Transcriptome Analysis of Genes Related to Membrane Lipid Regulation in Sweet Sorghum under Salt Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105465. [PMID: 35628281 PMCID: PMC9141458 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Sweet sorghum has strong stress resistance and is considered a promising energy crop. In the present study, the effects of salt on the membrane lipid metabolism of two sweet sorghum inbred lines (salt-tolerant M-81E and salt-sensitive Roma) were analyzed. After treatment with 150 mM NaCl, higher levels of fresh weight and chlorophyll fluorescence, as well as lower levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) were found in salt-tolerant M-81E. Concomitantly, 702 and 1339 differentially expression genes (DEGs) in M-81E and Roma were identified in response to salt stress. We determined that most DEGs were related to glycerophospholipid metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism, and other membrane lipid metabolisms. Under NaCl treatment, the expression of the membrane-associated phospholipase A1 was down-regulated at the transcriptional level, along with an increased content of phosphatidylcholine (PC) in both cultivars. The inhibition of triacylglycerol (TAG) mobilization in M-81E delayed salt-induced leaf senescence. Furthermore, enhanced levels of glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) expression contributed to improved salt resistance in M-81E. The results of this study demonstrate membrane the role of lipid regulation in mediating salt-defensive responses in sweet sorghum and expand our understanding of the relationship between changes in membrane lipid content and salt resistance.
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Raza H, Khan MR, Zafar SA, Kirch HH, Bartles D. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 3I1 gene is recruited in conferring multiple abiotic stress tolerance in plants. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2022; 24:85-94. [PMID: 34670007 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth and productivity is restricted by a multitude of abiotic stresses. These stresses negatively affect physiological and metabolic pathways, leading to the production of many harmful substances like ROS, lipid peroxides and aldehydes. This study was conducted to investigate the role of Arabidopsis ALDH3I1 gene in multiple abiotic stress tolerance. Transgenic tobacco plants were generated that overexpress the ALDH3I1 gene driven by the CaMV35S promoter and evaluated under different abiotic stresses, namely salt, drought, cold and oxidative stress. Tolerance to stress was evaluated based on responses of various growth and physiological traits under stress condition. Transgenic plants displayed elevated ALDH3I1 transcript levels compared to WT plants. The constitutive ectopic expression of ALDH3I1 conferred increased tolerance to salt, drought, cold and oxidative stresses in transgenic plants, along with improved plant growth. Transgenic plants overexpressing ALDH3I1 had higher chlorophyll content, photosynthesis rate and proline, and less accumulation of ROS and malondialdehyde compared to the WT, which contributed to stress tolerance in transgenic plants. Our results further revealed that ALDH3I1 had a positive effect on CO2 assimilation rate in plants under abiotic stress conditions. Overall, this study revealed that ALDH3I1 positively regulates abiotic stress tolerance in plants, and has future implications in producing transgenic cereal and horticultural plants tolerant to abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Raza
- Institute for Molecular Physiology & Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - M R Khan
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - S A Zafar
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - H H Kirch
- Institute for Molecular Physiology & Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - D Bartles
- Institute for Molecular Physiology & Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Zhang T, Zhang W, Li D, Zhou F, Chen X, Li C, Yu S, Brestic M, Liu Y, Yang X. Glycinebetaine: a versatile protectant to improve rice performance against aluminium stress by regulating aluminium uptake and translocation. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:2397-2407. [PMID: 34524480 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02780-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Glycinebetaine alleviates the detrimental effects of aluminium stress by regulating aluminium uptake and translocation, maintaining PSII activity, and activating the oxidative defence, thereby maintaining the growth and development of rice. Aluminium (Al) toxicity is one of the primary growth-limiting factors that limits plant growth and crop productivity in acidic soils. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants are susceptible to Al stress and do not naturally accumulate glycinebetaine (GB), one of the most effective protectants. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate whether exogenous GB can ameliorate the detrimental effects of Al stress on rice plants. Our results showed that the growth, development and biomass of rice were clearly inhibited under Al stress. However, exogenous GB application increased rice shoot growth and photosynthetic pigments contents, maintained photosystem II (PSII) activity, and activated the antioxidant defence system under Al stress. More importantly, GB may mediate the expression of Al uptake- and translocation-related genes, including OsALS1, OsNrat1, OsSTAR1 and OsSTAR2, and the galacturonic acid contents in rice roots under Al stress. Therefore, our findings highlight exogenous GB application is a valid approach to effectively combat Al toxicity by regulating physiological and biochemical processes in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianpeng Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Wenxiu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Daxing Li
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Fengli Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Chongyang Li
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Sang Yu
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, A. Hlinku 2, Nitra, 94976, Slovak Republic
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China.
| | - Xinghong Yang
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China.
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Glycinebetaine mitigates drought stress-induced oxidative damage in pears. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251389. [PMID: 34793480 PMCID: PMC8601463 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycinebetaine (GB) is an osmoprotectant found in plants under environmental stresses that incorporates drought and is associated with drought tolerance in several plants, such as the woody pear. However, how GB improves drought tolerance in pears remains unclear. In the current study, we explored the mechanism by which GB enhances drought tolerance of whole pear plants (Pyrus bretschneideri Redh. cv. Suli) supplied with exogenous GB. The results showed that on the sixth day after withholding water, levels of O2·−, H2O2, malonaldehyde (MDA) and electrolyte leakage in the leaves were substantially increased by 143%, 38%, 134% and 155%, respectively. Exogenous GB treatment was substantially reduced O2·−, H2O2, MDA and electrolyte leakage (38%, 24%, 38% and 36%, respectively) in drought-stressed leaves. Furthermore, exogenous GB induced considerably higher antioxidant enzyme activity in dry-stressed leaves than drought-stressed treatment alone on the sixth day after withholding water, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) (201%) and peroxidase (POD) (127%). In addition, these GB-induced phenomena led to increased endogenous GB levels in the leaves of the GB 100 + drought and GB 500 + drought treatment groups by 30% and 78%, respectively, compared to drought treatment alone. The findings obtained were confirmed by the results of the disconnected leaf tests, in which GB contributed to a substantial increase in SOD activity and parallel dose- and time-based decreases in MDA levels. These results demonstrate that GB-conferred drought resistance in pears may be due in part to minimizing symptoms of oxidative harm incurred in response to drought by the activities of antioxidants and by reducing the build-up of ROS and lipid peroxidation.
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Huang S, Zuo T, Zheng X, Zhuo C, Hou Q, Yao L, Wang X, Wang J, Ni W. Foliar application of glycinebetaine and Zn fertilizer improves both the apparent and functional qualities of albino tea [ Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze]. Food Funct 2021; 12:9476-9485. [PMID: 34476427 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01398j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
With Zn deficiency increasing in the global population, functional plant food (including tea) can help to fill the nutrition gap that the main crops cannot meet. Glycinebetaine (GB), an important bioactive substance with a wide range of natural sources, has received limited attention towards its effects on Zn biofortification and the quality of tea. The Zn enrichment and metabolite responses of albino tea [cv. White leaf No. 1 (WL-1)] to the foliar application of GB, Zn, and their combination (Zn + GB) were investigated in a field experiment. The result indicated that the 100-buds weight, total N, Zn, Thea, and total amino acid content in the young leaves of WL-1 with Zn2 + GB2 treatment were significantly increased, whereas the Chla contents were decreased (p < 0.05). The total catechins and CAF contents of Zn2 + GB2 treatment were lower than those of other treatments, with significance (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis and general quantitative analysis returned complementary results, revealing that Zn2 + GB2 treatment was better for the apparent and functional quality of WL-1. The more theanine and Zn, limited chlorophyll, catechin, and caffeine contributed to the quality improvement, as well as to maintaining the leaf albinistic characteristics, inhibiting astringency and bitterness, exerting flavor and umami, and improving the ultimate beneficial functions. The combined application of Zn and GB is a promising practice for Zn biofortification and for the quality improvement of tea, with spraying 750 L ha-1 of 2.0 g L-1 Zn fertilizer and 3.2 g L-1 GB mixture recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Huang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Ting Zuo
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Xin Zheng
- Zhejiang Environment Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311100, China
| | - Chao Zhuo
- Zhejiang Anji Summit Angeltea Co., Ltd, Anji, Zhejiang, 313300, China
| | - Qiong Hou
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Longren Yao
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Jian Wang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Wuzhong Ni
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
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Han H, Zhang H, Qin S, Zhang J, Yao L, Chen Z, Yang J. Mechanisms of Enterobacter bugandensis TJ6 immobilization of heavy metals and inhibition of Cd and Pb uptake by wheat based on metabolomics and proteomics. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 276:130157. [PMID: 33714158 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microbial passivation remediation of heavy metal-contaminated farmland has attracted increasing attention. However, the molecular mechanism by which heavy metal-immobilizing bacteria inhibit the uptake of Cd and Pb by wheat is not clear. Herein, a heavy metal-immobilizing bacterium, Enterobacter bugandensis TJ6, was used to reveal its immobilization mechanisms of Cd and Pb and inhibition of Cd and Pb uptake by wheat using metabolomics and proteomics. Compared with the control, strain TJ6 significantly reduced (44.7%-56.6%) the Cd and Pb contents of wheat roots and leaves. Strain TJ6 reduced the Cd and Pb concentrations by adsorption, intracellular accumulation, and bioprecipitation in solution. Untargeted metabolomics showed that strain TJ6 produced indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), betaine, and arginine under Cd and Pb stress, significantly improving the resistance of strain TJ6 and wheat to Cd and Pb. Label-free proteomics showed that 143 proteins were upregulated and 61 proteins were downregulated in wheat roots in the presence of strain TJ6. The GO items of the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) involved in protein-DNA complexes, DNA packaging complexes, and peroxidase activity were enriched. In addition, the ability of wheat roots to synthesize abscisic acid and jasmonic acid was improved. In conclusion, strain TJ6 reduced Cd and Pb uptake in wheat through its own adsorption of Cd and Pb and regulation of wheat root DNA repair ability, plant hormone levels, and antioxidant activities. These results provide new insights and a theoretical basis for the application of heavy metal-immobilizing bacteria in safe wheat production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Han
- College of Life Sciences and Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, PR China; Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, PR China
| | - Shanmei Qin
- College of Life Sciences and Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, PR China
| | - Jun Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, PR China
| | - Lunguang Yao
- College of Life Sciences and Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, PR China
| | - Zhaojin Chen
- College of Life Sciences and Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, PR China
| | - Jianjun Yang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China.
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Zheng H, Sun X, Li J, Song Y, Song J, Wang F, Liu L, Zhang X, Sui N. Analysis of N 6-methyladenosine reveals a new important mechanism regulating the salt tolerance of sweet sorghum. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 304:110801. [PMID: 33568300 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is the most common internal post-transcriptional modification, with important regulatory effects on RNA export, splicing, stability, and translation. Studies on the m6A modifications in plants have focused on Arabidopsis thaliana growth and development. However, A. thaliana is a salt-sensitive and model plant species. Thus, studies aimed at characterizing the role of the m6A modification in the salt stress responses of highly salt-tolerant crop species are needed. Sweet sorghum is cultivated as an energy and forage crop, which is highly suitable for growth on saline-alkaline land. Exploring the m6A modification in sweet sorghum may be important for elucidating the salt-resistance mechanism of crops. In this study, we mapped the m6A modifications in two sorghum genotypes (salt-tolerant M-81E and salt-sensitive Roma) that differ regarding salt tolerance. The m6A modification in sweet sorghum under salt stress was drastically altered, especially in Roma, where the m6A modification on mRNAs of some salt-resistant related transcripts increased, resulting in enhanced mRNA stability, which in turn was involved in the regulation of salt tolerance in sweet sorghum. Although m6A modifications are important for regulating sweet sorghum salt tolerance, the regulatory activity is limited by the initial m6A modification level. Additionally, in M-81E and Roma, the differences in the m6A modifications were much greater than the differences in gene expression levels and are more sensitive. Our study suggests that the number and extent of m6A modifications on the transcripts of salt-resistance genes may be important factors for determining and assessing the salt tolerance of crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiang Zheng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Xi Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Jinlu Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Yushuang Song
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Jie Song
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Luning Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Xiansheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Na Sui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China.
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12
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Li SM, Zheng HX, Zhang XS, Sui N. Cytokinins as central regulators during plant growth and stress response. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:271-282. [PMID: 33025178 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02612-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinins are a class of phytohormone that participate in the regulation of the plant growth, development, and stress response. In this review, the potential regulating mechanism during plant growth and stress response are discussed. Cytokinins are a class of phytohormone that participate in the regulation of plant growth, physiological activities, and yield. Cytokinins also play a key role in response to abiotic stresses, such as drought, salt and high or low temperature. Through the signal transduction pathway, cytokinins interact with various transcription factors via a series of phosphorylation cascades to regulate cytokinin-target gene expression. In this review, we systematically summarize the biosynthesis and metabolism of cytokinins, cytokinin signaling, and associated gene regulation, and highlight the function of cytokinins during plant development and resistance to abiotic stress. We also focus on the importance of crosstalk between cytokinins and other classes of phytohormones, including auxin, ethylene, strigolactone, and gibberellin. Our aim is to provide a comprehensive overview of recent findings on the mechanisms by which cytokinins act as central regulators of plant development and stress reactions, and highlight topics for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Min Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Hong-Xiang Zheng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Xian-Sheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Na Sui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China.
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13
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Zhang Y, Sun R, Wang L, Zhu Y, Tuyiringire D, Yang Y, Li K, Han W, Wang Y, Yan L. Physiological responses of Arthrobacter sp. JQ-1 cell interfaces to co-existed di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and copper. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 205:111163. [PMID: 32836159 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Arthrobacter sp. JQ-1 can completely degrade 500 mg/L of DEHP within 3 days. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of Cu2+ could reach 1.56 mM, however, 5.0 mg/L Cu2+ apparently inhibited DEHP degradation and bacterial growth. Consequently, JQ-1 was exposed to the DEHP-copper environment to verify the toxicity mechanism based on the physiological responses of cellular multiple interfaces (cellular surface, membrane and intracellular characteristics). The results showed the combination of 500 mg/L DEHP and 5.0 mg/L Cu2+ significantly decreased cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) and the absolute value of zeta potential, which implied the bioavailability of DEHP was decreased. The cellular surface changes were mainly due to the interaction between Cu2+ and some functional groups (CH2, CH3, aromatic rings, and amide). The weakened proton-motive force (PMF) across the plasma membrane may interfere the formation and utilization of energy, which is not conducive to the repair process of cellular damages. In this study, Non-invasive micro-test technology (NMT) was applied to the research of combined toxicity of DEHP and heavy metal ions for the first time. DEHP-copper intensified K+ efflux and Ca2+ influx across the plasma membrane, which disturbed ion homeostasis of K+ and Ca2+ and might induce apoptosis and further inhibit DEHP degradation. The decline of intracellular esterase activity indicated that the metabolic capacity is apparently restrained. This study enhances our understanding of cellular different interface processes responding to combined pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ruixue Sun
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhu
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Diogene Tuyiringire
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Yang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Kuimin Li
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Han
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Wang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Lilong Yan
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
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14
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Zhang T, Li Z, Li D, Li C, Wei D, Li S, Liu Y, Chen THH, Yang X. Comparative effects of glycinebetaine on the thermotolerance in codA- and BADH-transgenic tomato plants under high temperature stress. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2020; 39:1525-1538. [PMID: 32860517 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02581-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We propose that codA tomato plants exhibited higher degrees of enhanced thermotolerance than BADH tomato plants, and H2O2 as a signaling molecule also plays an important role in heat resistance. Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) and choline oxidase (COD) are key enzymes in glycinebetaine (GB) synthesis. In this study, two kinds of transgenic tomato plants, which were transformed with BADH gene and codA gene, respectively, were used to explore their thermotolerance. Our results showed that the levels of GB in leaves of the fourteen independent transgenic lines ranged from 1.9 μmol g-1 fresh weight to 3.4 μmol g-1 fresh weight, while GB was almost undetectable in leaves of WT plants. CO2 assimilation and photosystem II (PSII) photochemical activity in transgenic plants were more thermotolerant than WT plants, especially the codA-transgenic plants showed the most. Significant accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion radical (O2·-), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were more in WT plants than transgenic plants, while this accumulation in codA-transgenic plant was the least. Furthermore, the expression of the heat response genes and the accumulation of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) were found to be more in transgenic plants than that in WT plants during heat stress, as well as showing the most expression and accumulation of HSP70 in the codA-transgenic plants. Taken together, our results suggest that the enhanced thermotolerance in transgenic plants is due to the positive role of GB in response to heat stress. And interestingly, in addition to the major role of GB in codA-transgenic plants, H2O2 as a signaling molecule may also play an important role in heat resistance, leading to higher thermotolerance compared to BADH-transgenic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianpeng Zhang
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Zhimei Li
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Daxing Li
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Chongyang Li
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Dandan Wei
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
- Xinzhou Teachers University, Xinzhou, 034000, Shanxi, China
| | - Shufen Li
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Tony H H Chen
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, ALS 4017, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Xinghong Yang
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China.
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15
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Song Q, You L, Liu Y, Zhang J, Yang X. Endogenous accumulation of glycine betaine confers improved low temperature resistance on transplastomic potato plants. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2020; 47:1105-1116. [PMID: 32690130 DOI: 10.1071/fp20059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Glycine betaine (GB) plays a crucial role in plant response to abiotic stress, and its accumulation in chloroplasts is more effective than in the cytosol in improving the resistance of transgenic plants. Here, we report that the codA gene from Arthrobacter globiformis, which encodes a choline oxidase catalysing the conversion of choline to GB, was successfully introduced into the plastid genome of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Transgenic plants with plastid expression of codA showed increased tolerance to low temperature stress compared with the wild type (WT). Further studies revealed that under low temperature stress condition, transgenic plants presented a significantly higher photosynthetic performance by regulating the electron transport and energy distribution in PSII, and higher antioxidant enzyme activities and lower O2- and H2O2 accumulation than did the WT plants. A higher expression of the COR genes was also observed in transgenic plants. Our results suggest that chloroplast biosynthesis of GB could be an effective strategy for the engineering of plants with increased resistance to low temperature stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiping Song
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Lili You
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Jiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China; and Corresponding author. ;
| | - Xinghong Yang
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; and Corresponding author. ;
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16
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Li J, Liu LN, Meng Q, Fan H, Sui N. The roles of chloroplast membrane lipids in abiotic stress responses. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2020; 15:1807152. [PMID: 32815751 PMCID: PMC7588187 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1807152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant chloroplasts have complex membrane systems. Among these, thylakoids serve as the sites for photosynthesis and photosynthesis-related adaptation. In addition to the photosynthetic membrane complexes and associated molecules, lipids in the thylakoid membranes, are predominantly composed of MGDG (monogalactosyldiacylglycerol), DGDG (digalactosyldiacylglycerol), SQDG (sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol) and PG (phosphatidylglycerol), play essential roles in shaping the thylakoid architecture, electron transfer, and photoregulation. In this review, we discuss the effect of abiotic stress on chloroplast structure, the changes in membrane lipid composition, and the degree of unsaturation of fatty acids. Advanced understanding of the mechanisms regulating chloroplast membrane lipids and unsaturated fatty acids in response to abiotic stresses is indispensable for improving plant resistance and may inform the strategies of crop breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlu Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lu-Ning Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Qingwei Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Hai Fan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Na Sui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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17
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Song Y, Li J, Sui Y, Han G, Zhang Y, Guo S, Sui N. The sweet sorghum SbWRKY50 is negatively involved in salt response by regulating ion homeostasis. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 102:603-614. [PMID: 32052233 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-00966-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The WRKY transcription factor family is involved in responding to biotic and abiotic stresses. Its members contain a typical WRKY domain and can regulate plant physiological responses by binding to W-boxes in the promoter regions of downstream target genes. We identified the sweet sorghum SbWRKY50 (Sb09g005700) gene, which encodes a typical class II of the WRKY family protein that localizes to the nucleus and has transcriptional activation activity. The expression of SbWRKY50 in sweet sorghum was reduced by salt stress, and its ectopic expression reduced the salt tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana plants. Compared with the wild type, the germination rate, root length, biomass and potassium ion content of SbWRKY50 over-expression plants decreased significantly under salt-stress conditions, while the hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion and sodium ion contents increased. Real-time PCR results showed that the expression levels of AtSOS1, AtHKT1 and genes related to osmotic and oxidative stresses in over-expression strains decreased under salt-stress conditions. Luciferase complementation imaging and yeast one-hybrid assays confirmed that SbWRKY50 could directly bind to the upstream promoter of the SOS1 gene in A. thaliana. However, in sweet sorghum, SbWRKY50 could directly bind to the upstream promoters of SOS1 and HKT1. These results suggest that the new WRKY transcription factor SbWRKY50 participates in plant salt response by controlling ion homeostasis. However, the regulatory mechanisms are different in sweet sorghum and Arabidopsis, which may explain their different salt tolerance levels. The data provide information that can be applied to genetically modifying salt tolerance in different crop varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushuang Song
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Jinlu Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yi Sui
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Guoliang Han
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Shangjing Guo
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, Shandong, China
| | - Na Sui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China.
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18
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Sun H, Sun X, Wang H, Ma X. Advances in salt tolerance molecular mechanism in tobacco plants. Hereditas 2020; 157:5. [PMID: 32093781 PMCID: PMC7041081 DOI: 10.1186/s41065-020-00118-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tobacco, an economic crop and important model plant, has received more progress in salt tolerance with the aid of transgenic technique. Salt stress has become a key research field in abiotic stress. The study of tobacco promotes the understanding about the important adjustment for survival in high salinity environments, including cellular ion transport, osmotic regulation, antioxidation, signal transduction and expression regulation, and protection of cells from stress damage. Genes, which response to salt, have been studied using targeted transgenic technologies in tobacco plants to investigate the molecular mechanisms. The transgenic tobacco plants exhibited higher seed germination and survival rates, better root and shoot growth under salt stress treatments. Transgenic approach could be the promising option for enhancing tobacco production under saline condition. This review highlighted the salt tolerance molecular mechanisms of tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiji Sun
- School of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014 China
| | - Xiaowen Sun
- School of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014 China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014 China
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- Central laboratory, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250013 China
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19
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Huang S, Zuo T, Ni W. Important roles of glycinebetaine in stabilizing the structure and function of the photosystem II complex under abiotic stresses. PLANTA 2020; 251:36. [PMID: 31903497 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03330-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The molecular and physiological mechanisms of glycinebetaine stabilizing photosystem II complex under abiotic stresses are discussed, helping to address food shortage problems threatening the survival of growing population. In the backdrop of climate change, the frequency, dimensions and duration of extreme events have increased sharply, which may have unintended consequences for agricultural. The acclimation of plants to a constantly changing environment involves the accumulation of compatible solutes. Various compatible solutes enable plants to tolerate abiotic stresses, and glycinebetaine (GB) is one of the most-studied. The biosynthesis and accumulation of GB appear in numerous plant species, especially under environmental stresses. The exogenous application of GB and GB-accumulating transgenic plants have been proven to further promote plant development under stresses. Early research on GB focused on the maintenance of osmotic potential in plants. Subsequent experimental evidence demonstrated that it also protects proteins including the photosystem II complex (PSII) from denaturation and deactivation. As reviewed here, multiple experimental evidences have indicated considerable progress in the roles of GB in stabilizing PSII under abiotic stresses. Based on these advances, we've concluded two effects of GB on PSII: (1) it stabilizes the structure of PSII by protecting extrinsic proteins from dissociation or by promoting protein synthesize; (2) it enhances the oxygen-evolving activity of PSII or promotes the repair of the photosynthetic damage of PSII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Huang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resource and Environment of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ting Zuo
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resource and Environment of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wuzhong Ni
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resource and Environment of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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20
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Kamran M, Parveen A, Ahmar S, Malik Z, Hussain S, Chattha MS, Saleem MH, Adil M, Heidari P, Chen JT. An Overview of Hazardous Impacts of Soil Salinity in Crops, Tolerance Mechanisms, and Amelioration through Selenium Supplementation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:E148. [PMID: 31878296 PMCID: PMC6981449 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil salinization is one of the major environmental stressors hampering the growth and yield of crops all over the world. A wide spectrum of physiological and biochemical alterations of plants are induced by salinity, which causes lowered water potential in the soil solution, ionic disequilibrium, specific ion effects, and a higher accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). For many years, numerous investigations have been made into salinity stresses and attempts to minimize the losses of plant productivity, including the effects of phytohormones, osmoprotectants, antioxidants, polyamines, and trace elements. One of the protectants, selenium (Se), has been found to be effective in improving growth and inducing tolerance against excessive soil salinity. However, the in-depth mechanisms of Se-induced salinity tolerance are still unclear. This review refines the knowledge involved in Se-mediated improvements of plant growth when subjected to salinity and suggests future perspectives as well as several research limitations in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Kamran
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Aasma Parveen
- Department of Soil Science, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Punjab, Pakistan; (A.P.); (Z.M.)
| | - Sunny Ahmar
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.S.C.); (M.H.S.)
| | - Zaffar Malik
- Department of Soil Science, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Punjab, Pakistan; (A.P.); (Z.M.)
| | - Sajid Hussain
- Stat Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China;
| | - Muhammad Sohaib Chattha
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.S.C.); (M.H.S.)
| | - Muhammad Hamzah Saleem
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.S.C.); (M.H.S.)
| | - Muhammad Adil
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China;
| | - Parviz Heidari
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood 3619995161, Iran;
| | - Jen-Tsung Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan
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21
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Feng K, Ni C, Yu L, Zhou W, Li X. Synthesis and antifouling evaluation of indole derivatives. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 182:109423. [PMID: 31325810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Indole derivatives derived from the secondary metabolites of marine organisms possess the excellent antifouling property to inhibit the biofouling. These compounds and their analogues are simple in structure and have been proven to have low toxicity and bioaccumulation. Therefore, the active indole antifoulants are expected to replace the potentially toxic antifoulants which are widely used in current antifouling coatings. Seven indole derivatives were synthesized via the Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction and were characterized by IR spectra, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and elemental analysis. Inhibition experiments against marine algae and bacteria were conducted, and the partial inhibition rates of algae and bacteria were more than 90%. This outcome indicates that indole derivatives possess excellent properties suitable for use as targeting anti-fouling compound for algae and bacteria. Non-invasive Micro-test Technology (NMT) reveals that the Ca2+ efflux of Platymonas subcordiformis dramatically increased in the presence of indole derivatives, which is inferred to be the molecular mechanism for inhibiting the growth of marine algae. The antifouling coatings containing indole derivatives were prepared and subjected to an antifouling test in a marine environment, and the results show that N-(1-H-5-bromo-indole-3-ylmethyl) benzamide and N-(1-H-2-phenyl-indole-3-ylmethyl) benzamide possess better antifouling performance compared to copper pyrithione (CuPT). According to these results, indole derivatives in this study might become novel and promising antifoulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Chunhua Ni
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Liangmin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Open Studio for Marine Corrosion and Protection, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Wenjun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xia Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Open Studio for Marine Corrosion and Protection, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China.
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22
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Li D, Zhang T, Wang M, Liu Y, Brestic M, Chen THH, Yang X. Genetic Engineering of the Biosynthesis of Glycine Betaine Modulates Phosphate Homeostasis by Regulating Phosphate Acquisition in Tomato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 9:1995. [PMID: 30687378 PMCID: PMC6335352 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Glycine betaine (GB), as a putative compatible substance, protects plants against the damaging effects of abiotic stresses. Phosphorus deficiency is one type of abiotic stress that is detrimental to plant growth. Maintenance of phosphate (Pi) homeostasis is crucial. This study demonstrates GB-regulated phosphate homeostasis in the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. 'Moneymaker') transformed with the choline oxidase gene codA from Arthrobacter globiformis. The codA-transgenic lines displayed more resistance to low-phosphate stress. The data revealed that the wild-type plants were stunted and consistently retained less Pi than transgenic lines, especially when grown under low-phosphate conditions. This difference in Pi retention was attributable to the enhanced Pi uptake ability in the transgenic lines. The transgenic plants translocated more Pi into the plant cell due to the enhanced enzymatic activity of plasma membrane H+-ATPase and increased Pi/H+ co-transport, which improved Pi uptake. The differential expression of 'PHO regulon' genes further maintained intracellular Pi homeostasis. Furthermore, GB maintained a higher photosynthesis rate, thus increasing the production and translocation of sucrose via phloem loading to enhance plant response to low-phosphate stress. We conclude that GB mediates Pi uptake and translocation by regulating physiological and biochemical processes that promote adaptation to environmental changes in Pi availability. These processes eventually lead to better growth and development of the codA-transgenic lines. This finding will help to further elucidate the signaling mechanism of how GB perceives and transmits low-phosphate signals to alleviate Pi nutritional stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daxing Li
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Tianpeng Zhang
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Mengwei Wang
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Tony H. H. Chen
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Xinghong Yang
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
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23
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Song J, Zhang R, Yue D, Chen X, Guo Z, Cheng C, Hu M, Zhang J, Zhang K. Co-expression of ApGSMT2g and ApDMT2g in cotton enhances salt tolerance and increases seed cotton yield in saline fields. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 274:369-382. [PMID: 30080625 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is a major factor limiting plant growth and agricultural production worldwide. Glycine betaine (GB) is one of the most universal osmoprotectants that protects plants from environmental stresses. In this study, transgenic cotton co-expressing ApGSMT2g and ApDMT2g was generated by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Compared with wild-type (WT), co-expression of ApGSMT2g and ApDMT2g in cotton results in higher GB amounts, higher relative water content (RWC), lower osmotic potential, more K+, and less Na+ under salt stress, which contributes to maintaining intracellular osmoregulation and K+/Na+ homeostasis and thus confers higher salt tolerance and more vigorous growth. Furthermore, co-expressing ApGSMT2g and ApDMT2g in cotton leads to better performance of PSII, greater photosynthesis capacity, and finally, improves plant growth and increases cotton seed yield compared to WT under salt stress. The reason for the better performance of PSII in transgenic cotton is the higher quantum yield and a more reasonable quantum ratio distribution than WT under salt stress. Co-expressing ApGSMT2g and ApDMT2g in cotton also reduces membrane damage and increases superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity compared to WT under salt stress. Our results indicate that transgenic ApGSMT2g and ApDMT2g cotton shows higher salt tolerance and more seed cotton yield in saline fields compared to wild-type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuling Song
- The Key Laboratory of the Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong Province, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of the Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong Province, China
| | - Dan Yue
- The Key Laboratory of the Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiugui Chen
- Cotton Research Institute (CAAS), Anyang 455000, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhiqiang Guo
- The Key Laboratory of the Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong Province, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- The Key Laboratory of the Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong Province, China
| | - Minghui Hu
- The Key Laboratory of the Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong Province, China
| | - Juren Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of the Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong Province, China
| | - Kewei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of the Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong Province, China.
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24
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Zhao Y, Li D, Ding K, Che R, Xu JW, Zhao P, Li T, Ma H, Yu X. Production of biomass and lipids by the oleaginous microalgae Monoraphidium sp. QLY-1 through heterotrophic cultivation and photo-chemical modulator induction. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 211:669-676. [PMID: 27058402 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.03.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A two-step strategy comprising heterotrophic cultivation and photo-chemical modulator induction was developed to enhance biomass and lipid accumulation in the oleaginous Monoraphidium sp. QLY-1, which was isolated from Qilu Lake in Yunnan Plateau. The algae were first cultivated heterotrophically to achieve high biomass concentration (5.54gL(-1)) with a lipid content of 22.47%. The cultivated algae were diluted, transferred to light environment, and treated with different chemical elicitors. Results showed that the lipid content increased to 36.68% after 3-day of photoinduction. The lipid content was further enhanced by 1.21, 1.32, and 1.29 folds in algal cells treated with nitrogen deficiency, 20gL(-1) NaCl, and 5mM glycine betaine, respectively. The maximum lipid content (48.54%) and lipid productivity (121.27mgL(-1)d(-1)) were obtained in treatments with 20gL(-1) NaCl and 5mM GB, respectively. This study proposes a strategy to efficiently produce lipids by using microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongteng Zhao
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Dafei Li
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ke Ding
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Raoqiong Che
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jun-Wei Xu
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Tao Li
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Huixian Ma
- School of Foreign Languages, Kunming University, Kunming 650200, China
| | - Xuya Yu
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
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25
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Zhang J, Duan Z, Zhang D, Zhang J, Di H, Wu F, Wang Y. Co-transforming bar and CsLEA enhanced tolerance to drought and salt stress in transgenic alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 472:75-82. [PMID: 26906624 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.02.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Drought and high salinity are two major abiotic factors that restrict alfalfa productivity. A dehydrin protein, CsLEA, from the desert grass Cleistogenes songorica was transformed into alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation using the bar gene as a selectable marker, and the drought and salt stress tolerances of the transgenic plants were assessed. Thirty-nine of 119 transformants were positive, as screened by Basta, and further molecularly authenticated using PCR and RT-PCR. Phenotype observations revealed that the transgenic plants grew better than the wild-type (WT) plants after 15d of drought stress and 10d of salt stress: the leaves of WT alfalfa turned yellow, whereas the transgenic alfalfa leaves only wilted; after rewatering, the transgenic plants returned to a normal state, though the WT plants could not be restored. Evaluation of physiologic and biochemical indices during drought and salt stresses showed a relatively lower Na(+) content in the leaves of the transgenic plants, which would reduce toxic ion effects. In addition, the transgenic plants were able to maintain a higher relative water content (RWC), higher shoot biomass, fewer photosystem changes, decreased membrane injury, and a lower level of osmotic stress injury. These results demonstrate that overexpression of the CsLEA gene can enhance the drought and salt tolerance of transgenic alfalfa; in addition, carrying the bar gene in the genome may increase herbicide resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, China
| | - Zhen Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, China
| | - Daiyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, China
| | - Jianquan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, China
| | - Hongyan Di
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, China
| | - Fan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, China
| | - Yanrong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, China.
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26
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Ma XL, Cui WN, Zhao Q, Zhao J, Hou XN, Li DY, Chen ZL, Shen YZ, Huang ZJ. Functional study of a salt-inducible TaSR gene in Triticum aestivum. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2016; 156:40-53. [PMID: 25855206 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The gene expression chip of a salt-tolerant wheat mutant under salt stress was used to clone a salt-induced gene with unknown functions. This gene was designated as TaSR (Triticum aestivum salt-response gene) and submitted to GenBank under accession number EF580107. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis showed that gene expression was induced by salt stress. Arabidopsis and rice (Oryza sativa) plants expressing TaSR presented higher salt tolerance than the controls, whereas AtSR mutant and RNA interference rice plants were more sensitive to salt. Under salt stress, TaSR reduced Na(+) concentration and improved cellular K(+) and Ca(2+) concentrations; this gene was also localized on the cell membrane. β-Glucuronidase (GUS) staining and GUS fluorescence quantitative determination were conducted through fragmentation cloning of the TaSR promoter. Salt stress-responsive elements were detected at 588-1074 bp upstream of the start codon. GUS quantitative tests of the full-length promoter in different tissues indicated that promoter activity was highest in the leaf under salt stress. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation and yeast two-hybrid screening further showed the correlation of TaSR with TaPRK and TaKPP. In vitro phosphorylation of TaSR and TaPRK2697 showed that TaPRK2697 did not phosphorylate TaSR. This study revealed that the novel TaSR may be used to improve plant tolerance to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Ma
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Na Cui
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhao
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhao
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Na Hou
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Yan Li
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Liang Chen
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin-Zhu Shen
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhan-Jing Huang
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
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27
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Duan Z, Zhang D, Zhang J, Di H, Wu F, Hu X, Meng X, Luo K, Zhang J, Wang Y. Co-transforming bar and CsALDH Genes Enhanced Resistance to Herbicide and Drought and Salt Stress in Transgenic Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1115. [PMID: 26734025 PMCID: PMC4679862 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Drought and high salinity are two major abiotic factors that restrict the productivity of alfalfa. By application of the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method, an oxidative responsive gene, CsALDH12A1, from the desert grass Cleistogenes songorica together with the bar gene associated with herbicide resistance, were co-transformed into alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). From the all 90 transformants, 16 were positive as screened by spraying 1 mL L(-1) 10% Basta solution and molecularly diagnosis using PCR. Real-time PCR analysis indicated that drought and salt stress induced high CsALDH expression in the leaves of the transgenic plants. The CsALDH expression levels under drought (15 d) and salt stress (200 mM NaCl) were 6.11 and 6.87 times higher than in the control plants, respectively. In comparison to the WT plants, no abnormal phenotypes were observed among the transgenic plants, which showed significant enhancement of tolerance to 15 d of drought and 10 d of salinity treatment. Evaluation of the physiological and biochemical indices during drought and salt stress of the transgenic plants revealed relatively lower Na(+) content and higher K(+) content in the leaves relative to the WT plants, a reduction of toxic on effects and maintenance of osmotic adjustment. In addition, the transgenic plants could maintain a higher relative water content level, higher shoot biomass, fewer changes in the photosystem, decreased membrane injury, and a lower level of osmotic stress. These results indicate that the co-expression of the introduced bar and CsALDH genes enhanced the herbicide, drought and salt tolerance of alfalfa and therefore can potentially be used as a novel genetic resource for the future breeding programs to develop new cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jiyu Zhang
- State Key Laborotary of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou, China
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28
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Abu-Romman S. Genotypic response to heat stress in durum wheat and the expression of small HSP genes. RENDICONTI LINCEI 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-015-0471-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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29
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Wang X, Jia N, Zhao C, Fang Y, Lv T, Zhou W, Sun Y, Li B. Knockout of AtDjB1, a J-domain protein from Arabidopsis thaliana, alters plant responses to osmotic stress and abscisic acid. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2014; 152:286-300. [PMID: 24521401 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
AtDjB1 is a member of the Arabidopsis thaliana J-protein family. AtDjB1 is targeted to the mitochondria and plays a crucial role in A. thaliana heat and oxidative stress resistance. Herein, the role of AtDjB1 in adapting to saline and drought stress was studied in A. thaliana. AtDjB1 expression was induced through salinity, dehydration and abscisic acid (ABA) in young seedlings. Reverse genetic analyses indicate that AtDjB1 is a negative regulator in plant osmotic stress tolerance. Further, AtDjB1 knockout mutant plants (atj1-1) exhibited greater ABA sensitivity compared with the wild-type (WT) plants and the mutant lines with a rescued AtDjB1 gene. AtDjB1 gene knockout also altered the expression of several ABA-responsive genes, which suggests that AtDjB1 is involved in osmotic stress tolerance through its effects on ABA signaling pathways. Moreover, atj1-1 plants exhibited higher glucose levels and greater glucose sensitivity in the post-germination development stage. Applying glucose promoted an ABA response in seedlings, and the promotion was more evident in atj1-1 than WT seedlings. Taken together, higher glucose levels in atj1-1 plants are likely responsible for the greater ABA sensitivity and increased osmotic stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, PR China
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