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Rosa-Téllez S, Alcántara-Enguídanos A, Martínez-Seidel F, Casatejada-Anchel R, Saeheng S, Bailes CL, Erban A, Barbosa-Medeiros D, Alepúz P, Matus JT, Kopka J, Muñoz-Bertomeu J, Krueger S, Roje S, Fernie AR, Ros R. The serine-glycine-one-carbon metabolic network orchestrates changes in nitrogen and sulfur metabolism and shapes plant development. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:404-426. [PMID: 37804096 PMCID: PMC10827325 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
L-serine (Ser) and L-glycine (Gly) are critically important for the overall functioning of primary metabolism. We investigated the interaction of the phosphorylated pathway of Ser biosynthesis (PPSB) with the photorespiration-associated glycolate pathway of Ser biosynthesis (GPSB) using Arabidopsis thaliana PPSB-deficient lines, GPSB-deficient mutants, and crosses of PPSB with GPSB mutants. PPSB-deficient lines mainly showed retarded primary root growth. Mutation of the photorespiratory enzyme Ser-hydroxymethyltransferase 1 (SHMT1) in a PPSB-deficient background resumed primary root growth and induced a change in the plant metabolic pattern between roots and shoots. Grafting experiments demonstrated that metabolic changes in shoots were responsible for the changes in double mutant development. PPSB disruption led to a reduction in nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) contents in shoots and a general transcriptional response to nutrient deficiency. Disruption of SHMT1 boosted the Gly flux out of the photorespiratory cycle, which increased the levels of the one-carbon (1C) metabolite 5,10-methylene-tetrahydrofolate and S-adenosylmethionine. Furthermore, disrupting SHMT1 reverted the transcriptional response to N and S deprivation and increased N and S contents in shoots of PPSB-deficient lines. Our work provides genetic evidence of the biological relevance of the Ser-Gly-1C metabolic network in N and S metabolism and in interorgan metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rosa-Téllez
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Andrea Alcántara-Enguídanos
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | | | - Ruben Casatejada-Anchel
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Sompop Saeheng
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Clayton L Bailes
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Alexander Erban
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | | | - Paula Alepúz
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica y Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - José Tomás Matus
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology, I²SysBio, Universitat de València—CSIC, 46908 Paterna, Spain
| | - Joachim Kopka
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Jesús Muñoz-Bertomeu
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Stephan Krueger
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Zülpicherstraße 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sanja Roje
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Roc Ros
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
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Gojon A, Cassan O, Bach L, Lejay L, Martin A. The decline of plant mineral nutrition under rising CO 2: physiological and molecular aspects of a bad deal. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:185-198. [PMID: 36336557 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The elevation of atmospheric CO2 concentration has a strong impact on the physiology of C3 plants, far beyond photosynthesis and C metabolism. In particular, it reduces the concentrations of most mineral nutrients in plant tissues, posing major threats on crop quality, nutrient cycles, and carbon sinks in terrestrial agro-ecosystems. The causes of the detrimental effect of high CO2 levels on plant mineral status are not understood. We provide an update on the main hypotheses and review the increasing evidence that, for nitrogen, this detrimental effect is associated with direct inhibition of key mechanisms of nitrogen uptake and assimilation. We also mention promising strategies for identifying genotypes that will maintain robust nutrient status in a future high-CO2 world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Gojon
- Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Montpellier (IPSiM), Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation, et l'Environnement (INRAE), Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Océane Cassan
- Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Montpellier (IPSiM), Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation, et l'Environnement (INRAE), Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Liên Bach
- Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Montpellier (IPSiM), Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation, et l'Environnement (INRAE), Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurence Lejay
- Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Montpellier (IPSiM), Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation, et l'Environnement (INRAE), Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Antoine Martin
- Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Montpellier (IPSiM), Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation, et l'Environnement (INRAE), Institut Agro, Montpellier, France.
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Xu A, Zhang L, Wang X, Cao B. Nitrogen fertilization and CO 2 concentration synergistically affect the growth and protein content of Agropyron mongolicum. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14273. [PMID: 36340197 PMCID: PMC9632468 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The nitrogen (N) and protein concentrations in plant tissues exposed to elevated CO2 (eCO2) generally decline , such declines in forage grass composition are expected to have negative implications for the nutritional and economic value of grass. Plants require N for the production of a photosynthetically active canopy and storage proteins in the tissues, whose functionality will strongly influence productivity and quality. The objective of this study was to investigate whether eCO2 plus N-fertilization increases growth and N nutrition of Agropyron mongolicum, and the dependence of this improvement on the coordination between root and leaf development. Methods We analyzed A. mongolicum from field-grown within the open-top chambers (OTCs) facility under two atmospheric CO2 (ambient, 400 ± 20 µmol mol-1, aCO2, and elevated, 800 ± 20 µmol mol-1, eCO2) and three N-fertigation treatments (control, low N-fertigation , and high N-fertigation) for two months. Results Elevated CO2 plus N-fertigation strongly increased shoot and root biomass, and the nitrogen and protein concentrations of A. mongolicum compared to those plants at aCO2 levels. Increased N content in leaves and reduced specific leaf area (SLA) at a high N supply could alleviate photosynthetic acclimation to eCO2 and drive the production of greater shoot biomass with the potential for higher photosynthesis, productivity, and nutritional quality. The increased root length (RL), the ratio of total aboveground N taken up per RL (TN/RL), stomatal conductance (Gs), and transpiration rate (Tr) contribute to the transpiration-driven mass flow of N, consequently increasing N uptake by roots. In addition, a smaller percentage of N remained as unassimilated nitrate ( NO 3 - ) under eCO2, indicating that assimilation of NO 3 - into proteins was not inhibited by eCO2. These findings imply that grass productivity and quality will enhance under anticipated elevated CO2 concentration when effective management measures of N-fertilization are employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiyun Xu
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaojia Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Bing Cao
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
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Jauregui I, Rivero-Marcos M, Aranjuelo I, Aparicio-Tejo PM, Lasa B, Ariz I. Could ammonium nutrition increase plant C-sink strength under elevated CO 2 conditions? PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 320:111277. [PMID: 35643605 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) is increasing, and this affects plant photosynthesis and biomass production. Under elevated CO2 conditions (eCO2), plants need to cope with an unbalanced carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C/N) due to a limited C sink strength and/or the reported constrains in leaf N. Here, we present a physiological and metabolic analysis of ammonium (NH4+)-tolerant pea plants (Pisum sativum L., cv. snap pea) grown hydroponically with moderate or high NH4+ concentrations (2.5 or 10 mM), and under two atmospheric CO2 concentrations (400 and 800 ppm). We found that the photosynthetic efficiency of the NH4+ tolerant pea plants remain intact under eCO2 thanks to the capacity of the plants to maintain the foliar N status (N content and total soluble proteins), and the higher C-skeleton requirements for NH4+ assimilation. The capacity of pea plants grown at 800 ppm to promote the C allocation into mobile pools of sugar (mainly sucrose and glucose) instead of starch contributed to balancing plant C/N. Our results also support previous observations: plants exposed to eCO2 and NH4+ nutrition can increase of stomatal conductance. Considering the C and N source-sink balance of our plants, we call for exploring a novel trait, combining NH4+ tolerant plants with a proper NH4+ nutrition management, as a way for a better exploitation of eCO2 in C3 crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Jauregui
- Department of Sciences, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology (IMAB), Public University of Navarre, Campus Arrosadía, Pamplona 31006, Spain; Plant Genetics, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech (GxABT), University of Liege, Passage des Déportés 2, Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Mikel Rivero-Marcos
- Department of Sciences, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology (IMAB), Public University of Navarre, Campus Arrosadía, Pamplona 31006, Spain
| | - Iker Aranjuelo
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), Universidad Pública de Navarra-CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Campus de Arrosadía, Mutilva Baja E-31192, Spain
| | - Pedro M Aparicio-Tejo
- Department of Sciences, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology (IMAB), Public University of Navarre, Campus Arrosadía, Pamplona 31006, Spain
| | - Berta Lasa
- Department of Sciences, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology (IMAB), Public University of Navarre, Campus Arrosadía, Pamplona 31006, Spain.
| | - Idoia Ariz
- Department of Sciences, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology (IMAB), Public University of Navarre, Campus Arrosadía, Pamplona 31006, Spain
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Krämer K, Brock J, Heyer AG. Interaction of Nitrate Assimilation and Photorespiration at Elevated CO 2. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:897924. [PMID: 35845694 PMCID: PMC9284316 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.897924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
It has been shown repeatedly that exposure to elevated atmospheric CO2 causes an increased C/N ratio of plant biomass that could result from either increased carbon or - in relation to C acquisition - reduced nitrogen assimilation. Possible reasons for diminished nitrogen assimilation are controversial, but an impact of reduced photorespiration at elevated CO2 has frequently been implied. Using a mutant defective in peroxisomal hydroxy-pyruvate reductase (hpr1-1) that is hampered in photorespiratory turnover, we show that indeed, photorespiration stimulates the glutamine-synthetase 2 (GS) / glutamine-oxoglutarate-aminotransferase (GOGAT) cycle, which channels ammonia into amino acid synthesis. However, mathematical flux simulations demonstrated that nitrate assimilation was not reduced at elevated CO2, pointing to a dilution of nitrogen containing compounds by assimilated carbon at elevated CO2. The massive growth reduction in the hpr1-1 mutant does not appear to result from nitrogen starvation. Model simulations yield evidence for a loss of cellular energy that is consumed in supporting high flux through the GS/GOGAT cycle that results from inefficient removal of photorespiratory intermediates. This causes a futile cycling of glycolate and hydroxy-pyruvate. In addition to that, accumulation of serine and glycine as well as carboxylates in the mutant creates a metabolic imbalance that could contribute to growth reduction.
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Sathee L, Jain V. Interaction of elevated CO 2 and form of nitrogen nutrition alters leaf abaxial and adaxial epidermal and stomatal anatomy of wheat seedlings. PROTOPLASMA 2022; 259:703-716. [PMID: 34374877 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-021-01692-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant's stomatal physiology and anatomical features are highly plastic and are influenced by diverse environmental signals including the concentration of atmospheric CO2 and nutrient availability. Recent reports suggest that the form of nitrogen (N) is a determinant of plant growth and nutrient nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) under elevated CO2 (EC). Previously, we found that high nitrate availability resulted in early senescence, enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS), and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) production and also that mixed nutrition of nitrate and ammonium ions were beneficial than sole nitrate nutrition in wheat. In this study, the interactive effects of different N forms (nitrate, ammonium, mixed nutrition of nitrate, and ammonium) and EC on epidermal and stomatal morphology were analyzed. Wheat seedlings were grown at two different CO2 levels and supplied with media devoid of N (N0) or with nitrate-N (NN), mixed nutrition of ammonium and nitrate (MN), or only ammonium-N (AN). The stoma length increased significantly in nitrate nutrition with a consistent reduction in stoma width. Guard cell length was higher in EC treatment as compared to AC. The guard cell width was maximum in AN-grown plants at EC. Epidermal cell density and stomatal density were lower at EC. Nitrate nutrition increased the stomatal area at EC while the reverse was true for MN and AN. Wheat plants fertilized with AN showed a higher accumulation of superoxide radical (SOR) at EC, while in NN treatment, the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was higher at EC. Reactive oxygen species, particularly H2O2, can trigger mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) mediated signaling and its crosstalk with abscisic acid (ABA) signaling to regulate stomatal anatomy in nitrate-fed plants. The SOR accumulation in ammonium- and ammonium nitrate-fed plants and H2O2 in NN-fed plants might finely regulate the sensitivity of stomata to alter water/nutrient use efficiency and productivity under EC. The data reveals that the variation in anatomical attributes viz. cell length, number of cells, etc. affected the leaf growth responses to EC and forms of N nutrition. These attributes are fine targets for effective manipulation of growth responses to EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lekshmy Sathee
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.
| | - Vanita Jain
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.
- Agricultural Education Division, ICAR, KAB-II, New Delhi, India.
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Fan J, Halpern M, Yu Y, Zuo Q, Shi J, Fan Y, Wu X, Yermiyahu U, Sheng J, Jiang P, Ben-Gal A. The Mechanisms Responsible for N Deficiency in Well-Watered Wheat Under Elevated CO 2. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:801443. [PMID: 35251079 PMCID: PMC8888439 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.801443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Elevated CO2 concentration [e(CO2)] often promotes plant growth with a decrease in tissue N concentration. In this study, three experiments, two under hydroponic and one in well-watered soil, including various levels or patterns of CO2, humidity, and N supply were conducted on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to explore the mechanisms of e[CO2]-induced N deficiency (ECIND). Under hydroponic conditions, N uptake remained constant even as transpiration was limited 40% by raising air relative humidity and only was reduced about 20% by supplying N during nighttime rather than daytime with a reduction of 85% in transpiration. Compared to ambient CO2 concentration, whether under hydroponic or well-watered soil conditions, and whether transpiration was kept stable or decreased to 12%, e[CO2] consistently led to more N uptake and higher biomass, while lower N concentration was observed in aboveground organs, especially leaves, as long as N supply was insufficient. These results show that, due to compensation caused by active uptake, N uptake can be uncoupled from water uptake under well-watered conditions, and changes in transpiration therefore do not account for ECIND. Similar or lower tissue NO 3 - -N concentration under e[CO2] indicated that NO 3 - assimilation was not limited and could therefore also be eliminated as a major cause of ECIND under our conditions. Active uptake has the potential to bridge the gap between N taken up passively and plant demand, but is limited by the energy required to drive it. Compared to ambient CO2 concentration, the increase in N uptake under e[CO2] failed to match the increase of carbohydrates, leading to N dilution in plant tissues, the apparent dominant mechanism explaining ECIND. Lower N concentration in leaves rather than roots under e[CO2] validated that ECIND was at least partially also related to changes in resource allocation, apparently to maintain root uptake activity and prevent more serious N deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjie Fan
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Moshe Halpern
- Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Gilat Research Center, Mobile Post Negev, Israel
| | - Yangliu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianchu Shi
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Yuchuan Fan
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Uri Yermiyahu
- Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Gilat Research Center, Mobile Post Negev, Israel
| | - Jiandong Sheng
- College of Resources and Environment, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Pingan Jiang
- College of Resources and Environment, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Alon Ben-Gal
- Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Gilat Research Center, Mobile Post Negev, Israel
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Krämer K, Kepp G, Brock J, Stutz S, Heyer AG. Acclimation to elevated CO 2 affects the C/N balance by reducing de novo N-assimilation. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13615. [PMID: 35014037 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plants exposed to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations show an increased photosynthetic activity. However, after prolonged exposure, the activity declines. This acclimation to elevated CO2 is accompanied by a rise in the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of the biomass. Hence, increased sugar accumulation and sequential downregulation of photosynthetic genes, as well as nitrogen depletion and reduced protein content, have been hypothesized as the cause of low photosynthetic performance. However, the reason for reduced nitrogen content in plants at high CO2 is unclear. Here, we show that reduced photorespiration at increased CO2 -to-O2 ratio leads to reduced de novo assimilation of nitrate, thus shifting the C/N balance. Metabolic modeling of acclimated and non-acclimated plants revealed the photorespiratory pathway to function as a sink for already assimilated nitrogen during the light period, providing carbon skeletons for de novo assimilation. At high CO2 , low photorespiratory activity resulted in diminished nitrogen assimilation and eventually resulted in reduced carbon assimilation. For the hpr1-1 mutant, defective in reduction of hydroxy-pyruvate, metabolic simulations show that turnover of photorespiratory metabolites is expanded into the night. Comparison of simulations for hpr1-1 with those for the wild type allowed investigating the effect of a perturbed photorespiration on N-assimilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Krämer
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, Department of Plant Biotechnology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Gabi Kepp
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, Department of Plant Biotechnology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Judith Brock
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, Department of Plant Biotechnology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Simon Stutz
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, Department of Plant Biotechnology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Arnd G Heyer
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, Department of Plant Biotechnology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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Short Term Elevated CO2 Interacts with Iron Deficiency, Further Repressing Growth, Photosynthesis and Mineral Accumulation in Soybean (Glycine max L.) and Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). ENVIRONMENTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/environments8110122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Elevated CO2 (eCO2) has been reported to cause mineral losses in several important food crops such as soybean (Glycine max L.) and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). In addition, more than 30% of the world’s arable land is calcareous, leading to iron (Fe) deficiency chlorosis and lower Fe levels in plant tissues. We hypothesize that there will be combinatorial effects of eCO2 and Fe deficiency on the mineral dynamics of these crops at a morphological, biochemical and physiological level. To test this hypothesis, plants were grown hydroponically under Fe sufficiency (20 μM Fe-EDDHA) or deficiency (0 μM Fe-EDDHA) at ambient CO2 (aCO2, 400 ppm) or eCO2 (800 ppm). Plants of both species exposed to eCO2 and Fe deficiency showed the lowest biomass accumulation and the lowest root: shoot ratio. Soybean at eCO2 had significantly higher chlorophyll levels (81%, p < 0.0001) and common bean had significantly higher photosynthetic rates (60%, p < 0.05) but only under Fe sufficiency. In addition, eCO2 increased ferric chelate reductase acivity (FCR) in Fe-sufficient soybean by 4-fold (p < 0.1) and in Fe-deficient common bean plants by 10-fold (p < 0.0001). In common bean, an interactive effect of both environmental factors was observed, resulting in the lowest root Fe levels. The lowering of Fe accumulation in both crops under eCO2 may be linked to the low root citrate accumulation in these plants when grown with unrestricted Fe supply. No changes were observed for malate in soybean, but in common bean, shoot levels were significantly lower under Fe deficiency (77%, p < 0.05) and Fe sufficiency (98%, p < 0.001). These results suggest that the mechanisms involved in reduced Fe accumulation caused by eCO2 and Fe deficiency may not be independent, and an interaction of these factors may lead to further reduced Fe levels.
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10
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Wang X, Wei X, Wu G, Chen S. Ammonium application mitigates the effects of elevated carbon dioxide on the carbon/nitrogen balance of Phoebe bournei seedlings. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:1658-1668. [PMID: 33580964 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The study of plant responses to increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration is crucial to understand and to predict the effect of future global climate change on plant adaptation and evolution. Increasing amount of nitrogen (N) can promote the positive effect of CO2, while how N forms would modify the degree of CO2 effect is rarely studied. The aim of this study was to determine whether the amount and form of nitrogen (N) could mitigate the effects of elevated CO2 (eCO2) on enzyme activities related to carbon (C) and N metabolism, the C/N ratio, and growth of Phoebe bournei (Hemsl.) Y.C. Yang. One-year-old P. bournei seedlings were grown in an open-top air chamber under either an ambient CO2 (aCO2) (350 ± 70 μmol•mol-1) or an eCO2 (700 ± 10 μmol•mol-1) concentration and cultivated in soil treated with either moderate (0.8 g per seedling) or high applications (1.2 g per seedling) of nitrate or ammonium. In seedlings treated with a moderate level of nitrate, the activities of key enzymes involved in C and N metabolism (i.e., Rubisco, Rubisco activase and glutamine synthetase) were lower under eCO2 than under aCO2. By contrast, key enzyme activities (except GS) in seedlings treated with high nitrate or ammonium were not significantly different between aCO2 and eCO2 or higher under eCO2 than under aCO2. The C/N ratio of seedlings treated with moderate or high nitrate under eCO2was significantly changed compared with the seedlings grown under aCO2, whereas the C/N ratio of seedlings treated with ammonium was not significantly different between aCO2 and eCO2. Therefore, under eCO2, application of ammonium can be beneficial C and N metabolism and mitigate effects on the C/N ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiaoli Wei
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Gaoyin Wu
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Shengqun Chen
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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Jayawardena DM, Heckathorn SA, Rajanayake KK, Boldt JK, Isailovic D. Elevated Carbon Dioxide and Chronic Warming Together Decrease Nitrogen Uptake Rate, Net Translocation, and Assimilation in Tomato. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10040722. [PMID: 33917687 PMCID: PMC8067974 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The response of plant N relations to the combination of elevated CO2 (eCO2) and warming are poorly understood. To study this, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants were grown at 400 or 700 ppm CO2 and 33/28 or 38/33 °C (day/night), and their soil was labeled with 15NO3− or 15NH4+. Plant dry mass, root N-uptake rate, root-to-shoot net N translocation, whole-plant N assimilation, and root resource availability (%C, %N, total nonstructural carbohydrates) were measured. Relative to eCO2 or warming alone, eCO2 + warming decreased growth, NO3− and NH4+-uptake rates, root-to-shoot net N translocation, and whole-plant N assimilation. Decreased N assimilation with eCO2 + warming was driven mostly by inhibition of NO3− assimilation, and was not associated with root resource limitations or damage to N-assimilatory proteins. Previously, we showed in tomato that eCO2 + warming decreases the concentration of N-uptake and -assimilatory proteins in roots, and dramatically increases leaf angle, which decreases whole-plant light capture and, hence, photosynthesis and growth. Thus, decreases in N uptake and assimilation with eCO2 + warming in tomato are likely due to reduced plant N demand.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott A. Heckathorn
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Krishani K. Rajanayake
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA; (K.K.R.); (D.I.)
| | - Jennifer K. Boldt
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Toledo, OH 43606, USA;
| | - Dragan Isailovic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA; (K.K.R.); (D.I.)
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12
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Adavi SB, Sathee L. Elevated CO 2 alters tissue balance of nitrogen metabolism and downregulates nitrogen assimilation and signalling gene expression in wheat seedlings receiving high nitrate supply. PROTOPLASMA 2021; 258:219-233. [PMID: 33047233 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-020-01564-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tissue and canopy-level evidence suggests that elevated carbon dioxide (EC) inhibits shoot nitrate assimilation in plants and thereby affects nitrogen (N) and protein content of the economic produce. It is speculated that species or genotypes relying more on root nitrate assimilation can adapt better under EC due to the improved/steady supply of reductants required for nitrate assimilation. A study was conducted to examine the effect of EC on N assimilation and associated gene expression in wheat seedlings. Wheat genotypes, BT-Schomburgk (BTS) with comparatively high leaf nitrate reductase (NR) activity and Gluyas Early (GE) with high root NR activity were grown in hydroponic culture for 30 days with two different nitrate levels (0.05 mM and 5 mM) in the climate controlled growth chambers maintained at either ambient (400 ± 10 μmol mol-1) or EC (700 ± 10 μmol mol-1) conditions. Exposure to EC downregulated the activity of enzyme NR and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) in leaf tissues, whereas in roots, activities of both the enzymes were upregulated by exposure to EC. In addition, EC downregulated N assimilation and signalling gene expression under high N availability. Root N assimilation was less affected in comparison with shoot N assimilation; thereby, the proportion of root contribution towards total assimilation was higher. The results suggest that EC could alter and re-programme N assimilation and signalling in wheat seedlings. The genotype and tissue-specific effects of EC on N assimilation also warrants the need for identification of suitable genotypes and revision of fertiliser regime for tapping the beneficial effects of EC conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep B Adavi
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Lekshmy Sathee
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.
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13
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Su QC, Wang X, Deng C, Yun YL, Zhao Y, Peng Y. Transcriptome responses to elevated CO 2 level and Wolbachia-infection stress in Hylyphantes graminicola (Araneae: Linyphiidae). INSECT SCIENCE 2020; 27:908-920. [PMID: 31215133 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hylyphantes graminicola is a resident spider species found in maize and cotton fields and is an important biological control agent of various pests. Previous studies have demonstrated that stress from elevated CO2 and Wolbachia infection can strongly affect spider species. Thus, based on CO2 levels (400 ppm, current atmospheric CO2 concentration and 800 ppm, high CO2 concentration) and Wolbachia status (Wolbachia-infected, W+ and Wolbachia-uninfected, W- ), we divided H. graminicola individuals into four treatment groups: W- 400 ppm, W- 800 ppm, W+ 400 ppm, and W+ 800 ppm. To investigate the effects of elevated CO2 levels (W- 400 vs W- 800), Wolbachia infection (W- 400 vs W+ 400), and the interactions between these two factors (W- 400 vs W+ 800), high-throughput transcriptome sequencing was employed to characterize the de novo transcriptome of the spiders and identify stress-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs). De novo assembly of complementary DNA sequences generated 86 688 unigenes, 23 938 of which were annotated in public databases. A total of 84, 21, and 157 DEGs were found among W- 400 vs W- 800, W- 400 vs W+ 400, and W- 400 vs W+ 800, respectively. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that metabolic processes, signaling, and catalytic activity were significantly affected by elevated CO2 levels and Wolbachia infection. Our findings suggest that the impact of elevated CO2 levels and Wolbachia infection on the H. graminicola transcriptome was, to a large extent, on genes involved in metabolic processes. This study is the first description of transcriptome changes in response to elevated CO2 levels and Wolbachia infection in spiders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Chen Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering of China, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering of China, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering of China, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue-Li Yun
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering of China, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering of China, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering of China, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
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14
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Andrews M, Condron LM, Kemp PD, Topping JF, Lindsey K, Hodge S, Raven JA. Will rising atmospheric CO 2 concentration inhibit nitrate assimilation in shoots but enhance it in roots of C 3 plants? PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 170:40-45. [PMID: 32198758 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Bloom et al. proposed that rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations 'inhibit malate production in chloroplasts and thus impede assimilation of nitrate into protein of C3 plants, a phenomenon that will strongly influence primary productivity and food security under the environmental conditions anticipated during the next few decades'. Previously we argued that the weight of evidence in the literature indicated that elevated atmospheric [CO2 ] does not inhibit NO3 - assimilation in C3 plants. New data for common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) were presented that supported this view and indicated that the effects of elevated atmospheric [CO2 ] on nitrogen (N) assimilation and growth of C3 vascular plants were similar regardless of the form of N assimilated. Bloom et al. strongly criticised the arguments presented in Andrews et al. Here we respond to these criticisms and again conclude that the available data indicate that elevated atmospheric [CO2 ] does not inhibit NO3 - assimilation of C3 plants. Measurement of the partitioning of NO3 - assimilation between root and shoot of C3 species under different NO3 - supply, at ambient and elevated CO2 would determine if their NO3 - assimilation is inhibited in shoots but enhanced in roots at elevated atmospheric CO2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell Andrews
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, 7647, New Zealand
| | - Leo M Condron
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, 7647, New Zealand
| | - Peter D Kemp
- Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Jennifer F Topping
- The Integrative Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Keith Lindsey
- The Integrative Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Simon Hodge
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, 7647, New Zealand
| | - John A Raven
- Division of Plant Science, University of Dundee at the James Hutton Institute, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
- School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
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15
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Padhan BK, Sathee L, Meena HS, Adavi SB, Jha SK, Chinnusamy V. CO 2 Elevation Accelerates Phenology and Alters Carbon/Nitrogen Metabolism vis-à-vis ROS Abundance in Bread Wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1061. [PMID: 32765552 PMCID: PMC7379427 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Wheat is an important staple food crop of the world and it accounts for 18-20% of human dietary protein. Recent reports suggest that CO2 elevation (CE) reduces grain protein and micronutrient content. In our earlier study, it was found that the enhanced production of nitric oxide (NO) and the concomitant decrease in transcript abundance as well as activity of nitrate reductase (NR) and high affinity nitrate transporters (HATS) resulted in CE-mediated decrease in N metabolites in wheat seedlings. In the current study, two bread wheat genotypes Gluyas Early and B.T. Schomburgk differing in nitrate uptake and assimilation properties were evaluated for their response to CE. To understand the impact of low (LN), optimal (ON) and high (HN) nitrogen supply on plant growth, phenology, N and C metabolism, ROS and RNS signaling and yield, plants were evaluated under short term (hydroponics experiment) and long term (pot experiment) CE. CE improved growth, altered N assimilation, C/N ratio, N use efficiency (NUE) in B.T. Schomburgk. In general, CE decreased shoot N concentration and grain protein concentration in wheat irrespective of N supply. CE accelerated phenology and resulted in early flowering of both the wheat genotypes. Plants grown under CE showed higher levels of nitrosothiol and ROS, mainly under optimal and high nitrogen supply. Photorespiratory ammonia assimilating genes were down regulated by CE, whereas, expression of nitrate transporter/NPF genes were differentially regulated between genotypes by CE under different N availability. The response to CE was dependent on N supply as well as genotype. Hence, N fertilizer recommendation needs to be revised based on these variables for improving plant responses to N fertilization under a future CE scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birendra K. Padhan
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Lekshmy Sathee
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Hari S. Meena
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Sandeep B. Adavi
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Shailendra K. Jha
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Viswanathan Chinnusamy
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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16
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Gray SB, Rodriguez‐Medina J, Rusoff S, Toal TW, Kajala K, Runcie DE, Brady SM. Translational regulation contributes to the elevated CO 2 response in two Solanum species. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 102:383-397. [PMID: 31797460 PMCID: PMC7216843 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the impact of elevated CO2 (eCO2 ) in global agriculture is important given climate change projections. Breeding climate-resilient crops depends on genetic variation within naturally varying populations. The effect of genetic variation in response to eCO2 is poorly understood, especially in crop species. We describe the different ways in which Solanum lycopersicum and its wild relative S. pennellii respond to eCO2 , from cell anatomy, to the transcriptome, and metabolome. We further validate the importance of translational regulation as a potential mechanism for plants to adaptively respond to rising levels of atmospheric CO2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon B. Gray
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome CenterUniversity of California, Davis451 Health Sciences DriveDavisCA95616USA
| | - Joel Rodriguez‐Medina
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome CenterUniversity of California, Davis451 Health Sciences DriveDavisCA95616USA
| | - Samuel Rusoff
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome CenterUniversity of California, Davis451 Health Sciences DriveDavisCA95616USA
| | - Ted W. Toal
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome CenterUniversity of California, Davis451 Health Sciences DriveDavisCA95616USA
| | - Kaisa Kajala
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome CenterUniversity of California, Davis451 Health Sciences DriveDavisCA95616USA
- Present address:
Plant EcophysiologyUtrecht UniversityPadualaan 83584 CHUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Daniel E. Runcie
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of California, DavisOne Shields AvenueDavisCA95616USA
| | - Siobhan M. Brady
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome CenterUniversity of California, Davis451 Health Sciences DriveDavisCA95616USA
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17
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Bloom AJ, Kasemsap P, Rubio-Asensio JS. Rising atmospheric CO 2 concentration inhibits nitrate assimilation in shoots but enhances it in roots of C 3 plants. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 168:963-972. [PMID: 31642522 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We have proposed that rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations inhibit malate production in chloroplasts and thus impede assimilation of nitrate into protein in shoots of C3 plants, a phenomenon that will strongly influence primary productivity and food security under the environmental conditions anticipated during the next few decades. Although hundreds of studies support this proposal, several publications in 2018 and 2019 purport to present counterevidence. The following study evaluates these publications as well as presents new data that elevated CO2 enhances root nitrate assimilation in wheat and Arabidopsis while it inhibits shoot nitrate assimilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold J Bloom
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Pornpipat Kasemsap
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - José S Rubio-Asensio
- Department of Irrigation, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Murcia, Spain
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18
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Interactive Effects of the CO2 Enrichment and Nitrogen Supply on the Biomass Accumulation, Gas Exchange Properties, and Mineral Elements Concentrations in Cucumber Plants at Different Growth Stages. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10010139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The concentration changes of mineral elements in plants at different CO2 concentrations ([CO2]) and nitrogen (N) supplies and the mechanisms which control such changes are not clear. Hydroponic trials on cucumber plants with three [CO2] (400, 625, and 1200 μmol mol−1) and five N supply levels (2, 4, 7, 14, and 21 mmol L−1) were conducted. When plants were in high N supply, the increase in total biomass by elevated [CO2] was 51.7% and 70.1% at the seedling and initial fruiting stages, respectively. An increase in net photosynthetic rate (Pn) by more than 60%, a decrease in stomatal conductance (Gs) by 21.2–27.7%, and a decrease in transpiration rate (Tr) by 22.9–31.9% under elevated [CO2] were also observed. High N supplies could further improve the Pn and offset the decrease of Gs and Tr by elevated [CO2]. According to the mineral concentrations and the correlation results, we concluded the main factors affecting these changes. The dilution effect was the main factor driving the reduction of all mineral elements, whereas Tr also had a great impact on the decrease of [N], [K], [Ca], and [Mg] except [P]. In addition, the demand changes of N, Ca, and Mg influenced the corresponding element concentrations in cucumber plants.
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19
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Vicente R, Bolger AM, Martínez-Carrasco R, Pérez P, Gutiérrez E, Usadel B, Morcuende R. De Novo Transcriptome Analysis of Durum Wheat Flag Leaves Provides New Insights Into the Regulatory Response to Elevated CO 2 and High Temperature. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1605. [PMID: 31921252 PMCID: PMC6915051 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Global warming is becoming a significant problem for food security, particularly in the Mediterranean basin. The use of molecular techniques to study gene-level responses to environmental changes in non-model organisms is increasing and may help to improve the mechanistic understanding of durum wheat response to elevated CO2 and high temperature. With this purpose, we performed transcriptome RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analyses combined with physiological and biochemical studies in the flag leaf of plants grown in field chambers at ear emergence. Enhanced photosynthesis by elevated CO2 was accompanied by an increase in biomass and starch and fructan content, and a decrease in N compounds, as chlorophyll, soluble proteins, and Rubisco content, in association with a decline of nitrate reductase and initial and total Rubisco activities. While high temperature led to a decline of chlorophyll, Rubisco activity, and protein content, the glucose content increased and starch decreased. Furthermore, elevated CO2 induced several genes involved in mitochondrial electron transport, a few genes for photosynthesis and fructan synthesis, and most of the genes involved in secondary metabolism and gibberellin and jasmonate metabolism, whereas those related to light harvesting, N assimilation, and other hormone pathways were repressed. High temperature repressed genes for C, energy, N, lipid, secondary, and hormone metabolisms. Under the combined increases in atmospheric CO2 and temperature, the transcript profile resembled that previously reported for high temperature, although elevated CO2 partly alleviated the downregulation of primary and secondary metabolism genes. The results suggest that there was a reprogramming of primary and secondary metabolism under the future climatic scenario, leading to coordinated regulation of C-N metabolism towards C-rich metabolites at elevated CO2 and a shift away from C-rich secondary metabolites at high temperature. Several candidate genes differentially expressed were identified, including protein kinases, receptor kinases, and transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Vicente
- Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca (IRNASA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Rafael Martínez-Carrasco
- Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca (IRNASA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Pilar Pérez
- Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca (IRNASA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Elena Gutiérrez
- Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca (IRNASA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Björn Usadel
- Institute for Biology 1, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Rosa Morcuende
- Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca (IRNASA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
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20
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Cohen I, Halpern M, Yermiyahu U, Bar-Tal A, Gendler T, Rachmilevitch S. CO 2 and nitrogen interaction alters root anatomy, morphology, nitrogen partitioning and photosynthetic acclimation of tomato plants. PLANTA 2019; 250:1423-1432. [PMID: 31290031 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03232-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen and CO2 supply interactively regulate whole plant nitrogen partitioning and root anatomical and morphological development in tomato plants. Nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) are the key elements in plant growth and constitute the majority of plant dry matter. Growing at CO2 enrichment has the potential to stimulate the growth of C3 plants, however, growth is often limited by N availability. Thus, the interactive effects of CO2 under different N fertilization rates can affect growth, acclimation to elevated CO2, and yield. However, the majority of research in this field has focused on shoot traits, while neglecting plants' hidden half-the roots. We hypothesize that elevated CO2 and low N effects on transpiration will interactively affect root vascular development and plant N partitioning. Here we studied the effects of elevated CO2 and N concentrations on greenhouse-grown tomato plants, a C3 crop. Our main objective was to determine in what manner the N fertilization rate and elevated CO2 affected root development and nitrogen partitioning among plant organs. Our results indicate that N interacting with the CO2 level affects the development of the root system in terms of the length, anatomy, and partitioning of the N concentration between the roots and shoot. Both CO2 and N concentrations were found to affect xylem size in an opposite manner, elevated CO2 found to repressed, whereas ample N stimulated xylem development. We found that under limiting N and eCO2, the N% increase in the root, while it decreased in the shoot. Under eCO2, the root system size increased with a coordinated decrease in root xylem area. We suggest that tomato root response to elevated CO2 depends on N fertilization rates, and that a decrease in xylem size is a possible underlying response that limits nitrogen allocation from the root into the shoot. Additionally, the greater abundance of root amino acids suggests increased root nitrogen metabolism at eCO2 conditions with ample N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itay Cohen
- The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84990, Beersheba, Israel.
| | - Moshe Halpern
- Agricultural Research Organization, Gilat Research Center, Mobile Post Negev 2, 85280, Rishon Lezion, Israel
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Uri Yermiyahu
- Agricultural Research Organization, Gilat Research Center, Mobile Post Negev 2, 85280, Rishon Lezion, Israel
| | - Asher Bar-Tal
- Department of Soil Chemistry, Plant Nutrition and Microbiology, Institute of Soil, Water, and Environmental Sciences, Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), 75359, Rishon Lezion, Israel
| | - Tanya Gendler
- The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84990, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Shimon Rachmilevitch
- The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84990, Beersheba, Israel
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21
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Bencke-Malato M, De Souza AP, Ribeiro-Alves M, Schmitz JF, Buckeridge MS, Alves-Ferreira M. Short-term responses of soybean roots to individual and combinatorial effects of elevated [CO 2] and water deficit. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 280:283-296. [PMID: 30824006 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Climate change increasingly threatens plant growth and productivity. Soybean (Glycine max) is one of the most important crops in the world. Although its responses to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) have been previously studied, root molecular responses to elevated [CO2] (E[CO2]) or the combination/interaction of E[CO2] and water deficit remain unexamined. In this study, we evaluated the individual and combinatory effects of E[CO2] and water deficit on the physiology and root molecular responses in soybean. Plants growing under E[CO2] exhibited increased photosynthesis that resulted in a higher biomass, plant height, and leaf area. E[CO2] decreased the transcripts levels of genes involved in iron uptake and transport, antioxidant activity, secondary metabolism and defense, and stress responses in roots. When plants grown under E[CO2] are treated with instantaneous water deficit, E[CO2] reverted the expression of water deficit-induced genes related to stress, defense, transport and nutrient deficiency. Furthermore, the interaction of both treatments uniquely affected the expression of genes. Both physiological and transcriptomic analyses demonstrated that E[CO2] may mitigate the negative effects of water deficit on the soybean roots. In addition, the identification of genes that are modulated by the interaction of E[CO2] and water deficit suggests an emergent response that is triggered only under this specific condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Bencke-Malato
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Instituto de Biologia, s/n Prédio do CCS, 2° andar-sala 93, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 219410-970, Brazil.
| | - Amanda Pereira De Souza
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Instituto de Biociências, Rua do Matão, 277, sala 122, Cidade Universitária - Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Ribeiro-Alves
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz -(FIOCRUZ) Av. Brasil, 4365-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-900, Brazil.
| | - Jacqueline Flores Schmitz
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Instituto de Biologia, s/n Prédio do CCS, 2° andar-sala 93, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 219410-970, Brazil.
| | - Marcos Silveira Buckeridge
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Instituto de Biociências, Rua do Matão, 277, sala 122, Cidade Universitária - Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil.
| | - Marcio Alves-Ferreira
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Instituto de Biologia, s/n Prédio do CCS, 2° andar-sala 93, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 219410-970, Brazil.
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22
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Cohen I, Rapaport T, Berger RT, Rachmilevitch S. The effects of elevated CO 2 and nitrogen nutrition on root dynamics. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 272:294-300. [PMID: 29807602 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ambient CO2 concentration is currently 400 μmol mol-1, and projections forecast an increase up to 970 μmol mol-1 by century's end. Elevated CO2 can stimulate C3 plant growth, whereas nitrogen is the main nutrient plants acquire from soils and often limits growth. Plants primarily obtain two nitrogen sources from the soil, ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3-). At elevated CO2 levels, plant growth and nitrogen metabolism is affected by the nitrogen source. Most research has focused on shoot traits, while neglecting the plants' hidden half, the root. We studied the effects of elevated CO2 and nitrogen source on hydroponically grown tomato plants, a C3 model and crop plant. Our main objective was to determine how the nitrogen source and elevated CO2 affect root development. Our results indicate they affect development in terms of the size and anatomy of different root orders. Specifically, root xylem development was found sensitive to the nitrogen source, whereas NO3--supplied plants displayed greater xylem development compared to their NH4+ counterparts, and also to a lesser extent, to elevated CO2, which we found inhibits this development. Additionally, elevated CO2 decreased root respiration in different root orders exclusively in plants supplied with NH4+as the sole nitrogen source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itay Cohen
- The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84990, Israel
| | - Tal Rapaport
- The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84990, Israel
| | - Reut Tal Berger
- The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84990, Israel
| | - Shimon Rachmilevitch
- The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84990, Israel.
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Laser Radiation Induces Growth and Lipid Accumulation in the Seawater Microalga Chlorella pacifica. ENERGIES 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/en10101671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Rubio-Asensio JS, Bloom AJ. Inorganic nitrogen form: a major player in wheat and Arabidopsis responses to elevated CO2. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:2611-2625. [PMID: 28011716 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Critical for predicting the future of primary productivity is a better understanding of plant responses to rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration. This review considers recent results on the role of the inorganic nitrogen (N) forms nitrate (NO3-) and ammonium (NH4+) in determining the responses of wheat and Arabidopsis to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration. Here, we identify four key issues: (i) the possibility that different plant species respond similarly to elevated CO2 if one accounts for the N form that they are using; (ii) the major influence that plant-soil N interactions have on plant responses to elevated CO2; (iii) the observation that elevated CO2 may favor the uptake of one N form over others; and (iv) the finding that plants receiving NH4+ nutrition respond more positively to elevated CO2 than those receiving NO3- nutrition because elevated CO2 inhibits the assimilation of NO3- in shoots of C3 plants. We conclude that the form and amount of N available to plants from the rhizosphere and plant preferences for the different N forms are essential for predicting plant responses to elevated CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- José S Rubio-Asensio
- Department of Irrigation, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Arnold J Bloom
- Department of Plant Sciences, Mailstop 3, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Coskun D, Britto DT, Kronzucker HJ. Nutrient constraints on terrestrial carbon fixation: The role of nitrogen. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 203:95-109. [PMID: 27318532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations in the earth's atmosphere are projected to rise from current levels near 400ppm to over 700ppm by the end of the 21st century. Projections over this time frame must take into account the increases in total net primary production (NPP) expected from terrestrial plants, which result from elevated CO2 (eCO2) and have the potential to mitigate the impact of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. However, a growing body of evidence indicates that limitations in soil nutrients, particularly nitrogen (N), the soil nutrient most limiting to plant growth, may greatly constrain future carbon fixation. Here, we review recent studies about the relationships between soil N supply, plant N nutrition, and carbon fixation in higher plants under eCO2, highlighting key discoveries made in the field, particularly from free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) technology, and relate these findings to physiological and ecological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devrim Coskun
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Canadian Centre for World Hunger Research (CCWHR), University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Dev T Britto
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Canadian Centre for World Hunger Research (CCWHR), University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Herbert J Kronzucker
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Canadian Centre for World Hunger Research (CCWHR), University of Toronto, Canada.
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