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Da Pelo P, De Tommaso M, Monaco A, Stramaglia S, Bellotti R, Tangaro S. Trial latencies estimation of event-related potentials in EEG by means of genetic algorithms. J Neural Eng 2019; 15:026016. [PMID: 29154255 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/aa9b97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Event-related potentials (ERPs) are usually obtained by averaging thus neglecting the trial-to-trial latency variability in cognitive electroencephalography (EEG) responses. As a consequence the shape and the peak amplitude of the averaged ERP are smeared and reduced, respectively, when the single-trial latencies show a relevant variability. To date, the majority of the methodologies for single-trial latencies inference are iterative schemes providing suboptimal solutions, the most commonly used being the Woody's algorithm. APPROACH In this study, a global approach is developed by introducing a fitness function whose global maximum corresponds to the set of latencies which renders the trial signals most aligned as possible. A suitable genetic algorithm has been implemented to solve the optimization problem, characterized by new genetic operators tailored to the present problem. MAIN RESULTS The results, on simulated trials, showed that the proposed algorithm performs better than Woody's algorithm in all conditions, at the cost of an increased computational complexity (justified by the improved quality of the solution). Application of the proposed approach on real data trials, resulted in an increased correlation between latencies and reaction times w.r.t. the output from RIDE method. SIGNIFICANCE The above mentioned results on simulated and real data indicate that the proposed method, providing a better estimate of single-trial latencies, will open the way to more accurate study of neural responses as well as to the issue of relating the variability of latencies to the proper cognitive and behavioural correlates.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Da Pelo
- Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica, Università degli Studi 'Aldo Moro' Bari, Italy
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Hadjis E, Hyde M, Choueiry J, Jaworska N, Nelson R, de la Salle S, Smith D, Aidelbaum R, Knott V. Effect of GAD1 genotype status on auditory attention and acute nicotine administration in healthy volunteers. Hum Psychopharmacol 2019; 34:e2684. [PMID: 30488987 DOI: 10.1002/hup.2684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effects of GABA modulating drugs and nicotine, the prototypical nicotinic cholinergic agonist, on attention have been investigated using subcomponents of the P300 event-related potentials (ERP), which index involuntary (P3a) and voluntary attention (P3b). However, investigations into how such pharmacologic effects interact with genetic features in the GABA system remain unclear. This study examined the moderating effects of a single nucleotide polymorphism (rs7557793) in the glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD1) gene, which is implicated in the conversion of glutamate to GABA, on P300-indices of auditory attentional processing; the influence of nicotine administration was also assessed. METHODS The effects of GAD1 genotype (TT/CC/CT) were examined on the P3a/b in response to an auditory selective attention task in healthy, nonsmoking male volunteers (N = 126; 18-40 years). Participants responded to rare target stimuli (P3b-eliciting) and ignored frequent nontarget stimuli as well as rare distractor stimuli (P3a-eliciting). In a subsample (N = 59), P3a/b profiles to acute nicotine (vs. placebo) administration were examined as a function of GAD1 genotype. As a secondary aim, earlier sensory processes were assessed with N200 ERP subcomponents elicited by novel (N2a) and target (N2b) auditory stimuli. RESULTS GAD1 allelic variation moderated early sensory processes, enhancing N2a amplitudes in CT versus TT carriers. Further, TT homozygotes exhibited larger P3b amplitudes than CC homozygotes in the placebo versus nicotine condition. Regardless of genotype, nicotine versus placebo moderated the N200 ERP. CONCLUSION These findings expand our knowledge regarding the attentional effects of GAD1 genetic variants in relation to nicotine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthymios Hadjis
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Molly Hyde
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joelle Choueiry
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Natalia Jaworska
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Renee Nelson
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sara de la Salle
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dylan Smith
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rob Aidelbaum
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Verner Knott
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Blakey R, Ranlund S, Zartaloudi E, Cahn W, Calafato S, Colizzi M, Crespo-Facorro B, Daniel C, Díez-Revuelta Á, Di Forti M, Iyegbe C, Jablensky A, Jones R, Hall MH, Kahn R, Kalaydjieva L, Kravariti E, Lin K, McDonald C, McIntosh AM, Picchioni M, Powell J, Presman A, Rujescu D, Schulze K, Shaikh M, Thygesen JH, Toulopoulou T, Van Haren N, Van Os J, Walshe M, Murray RM, Bramon E. Associations between psychosis endophenotypes across brain functional, structural, and cognitive domains. Psychol Med 2018; 48:1325-1340. [PMID: 29094675 PMCID: PMC6516747 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291717002860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A range of endophenotypes characterise psychosis, however there has been limited work understanding if and how they are inter-related. METHODS This multi-centre study includes 8754 participants: 2212 people with a psychotic disorder, 1487 unaffected relatives of probands, and 5055 healthy controls. We investigated cognition [digit span (N = 3127), block design (N = 5491), and the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (N = 3543)], electrophysiology [P300 amplitude and latency (N = 1102)], and neuroanatomy [lateral ventricular volume (N = 1721)]. We used linear regression to assess the interrelationships between endophenotypes. RESULTS The P300 amplitude and latency were not associated (regression coef. -0.06, 95% CI -0.12 to 0.01, p = 0.060), and P300 amplitude was positively associated with block design (coef. 0.19, 95% CI 0.10-0.28, p 0.38). All the cognitive endophenotypes were associated with each other in the expected directions (all p < 0.001). Lastly, the relationships between pairs of endophenotypes were consistent in all three participant groups, differing for some of the cognitive pairings only in the strengths of the relationships. CONCLUSIONS The P300 amplitude and latency are independent endophenotypes; the former indexing spatial visualisation and working memory, and the latter is hypothesised to index basic processing speed. Individuals with psychotic illnesses, their unaffected relatives, and healthy controls all show similar patterns of associations between endophenotypes, endorsing the theory of a continuum of psychosis liability across the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Blakey
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - S. Ranlund
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King’s College London and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - E. Zartaloudi
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - W. Cahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - S. Calafato
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - M. Colizzi
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King’s College London and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - B. Crespo-Facorro
- CIBERSAM, Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria–IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - C. Daniel
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Á. Díez-Revuelta
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience – Centre for Biomedical Technology (CTB), Complutense University and Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Di Forti
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King’s College London and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - C. Iyegbe
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King’s College London and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - A. Jablensky
- Centre for Clinical Research in Neuropsychiatry, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - R. Jones
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - M.-H. Hall
- Psychology Research Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - R. Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - L. Kalaydjieva
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - E. Kravariti
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King’s College London and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - K. Lin
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King’s College London and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - C. McDonald
- Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Science Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - A. M. McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - M. Picchioni
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King’s College London and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - J. Powell
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King’s College London and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - A. Presman
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - D. Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Halle Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - K. Schulze
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King’s College London and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - M. Shaikh
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King’s College London and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- North East London Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - J. H. Thygesen
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - T. Toulopoulou
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King’s College London and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Psychology, Bilkent University, Main Campus, Bilkent, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Psychology, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Rd, Hong Kong SAR, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, The Hong Kong Jockey Club Building for Interdisciplinary Research, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - N. Van Haren
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J. Van Os
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King’s College London and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, EURON, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - M. Walshe
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King’s College London and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - R. M. Murray
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King’s College London and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - E. Bramon
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King’s College London and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
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Decomposing P300 into correlates of genetic risk and current symptoms in schizophrenia: An inter-trial variability analysis. Schizophr Res 2018; 192:232-239. [PMID: 28400070 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The P300 event-related potential (ERP) component, which reflects cognitive processing, is a candidate biomarker for schizophrenia. However, the role of P300 in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia remains unclear because averaged P300 amplitudes reflect both genetic predisposition and current clinical status. Thus, we sought to identify which aspects of P300 are associated with genetic risk versus symptomatic status via an inter-trial variability analysis. METHODS Auditory P300, clinical symptoms, and neurocognitive function assessments were obtained from forty-five patients with schizophrenia, thirty-two subjects at genetic high risk (GHR), thirty-two subjects at clinical high risk (CHR), and fifty-two healthy control (HC) participants. Both conventional averaging and inter-trial variability analyses were conducted for P300, and results were compared across groups using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Pearson's correlation was utilized to determine associations among inter-trial variability for P300, current symptoms and neurocognitive status. RESULTS Average P300 amplitude was reduced in the GHR, CHR, and schizophrenia groups compared with that in the HC group. P300 inter-trial variability was elevated in the CHR and schizophrenia groups but relatively normal in the GHR and HC groups. Furthermore, P300 inter-trial variability was significantly related to negative symptom severity and neurocognitive performance results in schizophrenia patients. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that P300 amplitude is an endophenotype for schizophrenia and that greater inter-trial variability of P300 is associated with more severe negative and cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia patients.
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5
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Ranlund S, Calafato S, Thygesen JH, Lin K, Cahn W, Crespo‐Facorro B, de Zwarte SM, Díez Á, Di Forti M, Iyegbe C, Jablensky A, Jones R, Hall M, Kahn R, Kalaydjieva L, Kravariti E, McDonald C, McIntosh AM, McQuillin A, Picchioni M, Prata DP, Rujescu D, Schulze K, Shaikh M, Toulopoulou T, van Haren N, van Os J, Vassos E, Walshe M, Lewis C, Murray RM, Powell J, Bramon E. A polygenic risk score analysis of psychosis endophenotypes across brain functional, structural, and cognitive domains. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2018; 177:21-34. [PMID: 28851104 PMCID: PMC5763362 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This large multi-center study investigates the relationships between genetic risk for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and multi-modal endophenotypes for psychosis. The sample included 4,242 individuals; 1,087 patients with psychosis, 822 unaffected first-degree relatives of patients, and 2,333 controls. Endophenotypes included the P300 event-related potential (N = 515), lateral ventricular volume (N = 798), and the cognitive measures block design (N = 3,089), digit span (N = 1,437), and the Ray Auditory Verbal Learning Task (N = 2,406). Data were collected across 11 sites in Europe and Australia; all genotyping and genetic analyses were done at the same laboratory in the United Kingdom. We calculated polygenic risk scores for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder separately, and used linear regression to test whether polygenic scores influenced the endophenotypes. Results showed that higher polygenic scores for schizophrenia were associated with poorer performance on the block design task and explained 0.2% (p = 0.009) of the variance. Associations in the same direction were found for bipolar disorder scores, but this was not statistically significant at the 1% level (p = 0.02). The schizophrenia score explained 0.4% of variance in lateral ventricular volumes, the largest across all phenotypes examined, although this was not significant (p = 0.063). None of the remaining associations reached significance after correction for multiple testing (with alpha at 1%). These results indicate that common genetic variants associated with schizophrenia predict performance in spatial visualization, providing additional evidence that this measure is an endophenotype for the disorder with shared genetic risk variants. The use of endophenotypes such as this will help to characterize the effects of common genetic variation in psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siri Ranlund
- Division of PsychiatryUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King's College London and South LondonMaudsley NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | | | | | - Kuang Lin
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King's College London and South LondonMaudsley NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
- Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Wiepke Cahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Centre Rudolf MagnusUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Benedicto Crespo‐Facorro
- CIBERSAMCentro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud MentalMadridSpain
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, School of MedicineUniversity of Cantabria–IDIVALSantanderSpain
| | - Sonja M.C. de Zwarte
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Centre Rudolf MagnusUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Álvaro Díez
- Division of PsychiatryUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience—Centre for Biomedical Technology (CTB)Complutense University and Technical University of MadridMadridSpain
| | - Marta Di Forti
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King's College London and South LondonMaudsley NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | | | - Conrad Iyegbe
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King's College London and South LondonMaudsley NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Assen Jablensky
- Centre for Clinical Research in NeuropsychiatryThe University of Western AustraliaPerth, Western AustraliaAustralia
| | - Rebecca Jones
- Division of PsychiatryUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Mei‐Hua Hall
- Psychosis Neurobiology Laboratory, Harvard Medical SchoolMcLean HospitalBelmontMassachusetts
| | - Rene Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Centre Rudolf MagnusUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Luba Kalaydjieva
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical ResearchThe University of Western AustraliaPerthAustralia
| | - Eugenia Kravariti
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King's College London and South LondonMaudsley NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Colm McDonald
- The Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG) and NCBES Galway Neuroscience CentreNational University of Ireland GalwayGalwayIreland
| | - Andrew M. McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, University of EdinburghRoyal Edinburgh HospitalEdinburghUK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive EpidemiologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | | | | | - Marco Picchioni
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King's College London and South LondonMaudsley NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Diana P. Prata
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King's College London and South LondonMaudsley NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina MolecularUniversidade de LisboaPortugal
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Department of PsychiatryLudwig‐Maximilians University of MunichMunichGermany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and PsychosomaticsUniversity of Halle WittenbergHalleGermany
| | - Katja Schulze
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King's College London and South LondonMaudsley NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Madiha Shaikh
- North East London Foundation TrustLondonUK
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health PsychologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Timothea Toulopoulou
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King's College London and South LondonMaudsley NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
- Department of Psychology, Bilkent UniversityMain CampusBilkent, AnkaraTurkey
- Department of PsychologyThe University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam RdHong Kong SARChina
- The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong KongThe Hong Kong Jockey Club Building for Interdisciplinary ResearchHong Kong SARChina
| | - Neeltje van Haren
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Centre Rudolf MagnusUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Jim van Os
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King's College London and South LondonMaudsley NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University Medical CentreEURONMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Evangelos Vassos
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King's College London and South LondonMaudsley NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Muriel Walshe
- Division of PsychiatryUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King's College London and South LondonMaudsley NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | | | - Cathryn Lewis
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King's College London and South LondonMaudsley NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Robin M. Murray
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King's College London and South LondonMaudsley NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - John Powell
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King's College London and South LondonMaudsley NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Elvira Bramon
- Division of PsychiatryUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King's College London and South LondonMaudsley NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
- Institute of Cognitive NeuroscienceUniversity College LondonLondonUK
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Harper J, Malone SM, Iacono WG. Theta- and delta-band EEG network dynamics during a novelty oddball task. Psychophysiology 2017; 54:1590-1605. [PMID: 28580687 PMCID: PMC5638675 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
While the P3 component during target detection and novelty processing has been widely studied, less is known about its underlying network dynamics. A recent cognitive model suggests that frontal-parietal and frontal-temporal interregional connectivity are related to attention/action selection and target-related memory updating during the P3, respectively, but empirical work testing this model is lacking. Other work suggests the importance of theta- and delta-band connectivity between the medial frontal cortex and distributed cortical regions during attention, stimulus detection, and response selection processes, and similar dynamics may underlie P3-related network connectivity. The present study evaluated the functional connectivity elicited during a visual task, which combined oddball target and novelty stimuli, in a sample of 231 same-sex twins. It was hypothesized that both target and novel conditions would involve theta frontoparietal connectivity and medial frontal theta power, but that target stimuli would elicit the strongest frontotemporal connectivity. EEG time-frequency analysis revealed greater theta-band frontoparietal connectivity and medial frontal power during both target and novel conditions compared to standards, which may index conflict/uncertainty resolution processes. Theta-band frontotemporal connectivity was maximal during the target condition, potentially reflecting context updating or stimulus-response activation. Delta-band frontocentral-parietal connectivity was also strongest following targets, which may be sensitive to response-related demands. These results suggest the existence of functional networks related to P3 that are differentially engaged by target oddballs and novel distractors. Compared to simple P3 amplitude, network measures may provide a more nuanced view of the neural dynamics during target detection/novelty processing in normative and pathological populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Harper
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Stephen M Malone
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - William G Iacono
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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7
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What can time-frequency and phase coherence measures tell us about the genetic basis of P3 amplitude? Int J Psychophysiol 2016; 115:40-56. [PMID: 27871913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In a recent comprehensive investigation, we largely failed to identify significant genetic markers associated with P3 amplitude or to corroborate previous associations between P3 and specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or genes. In the present study we extended this line of investigation to examine time-frequency (TF) activity and intertrial phase coherence (ITPC) in the P3 time window, both of which are associated with P3 amplitude. Previous genome-wide research has reported associations between P3-related theta and delta activity and individual genetic variants. A large, population-based sample of 4211 subjects, comprising male and female adolescent twins and their parents, was genotyped for 527,828 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), from which over six million SNPs were accurately imputed. Heritability estimates were greater for TF energy than ITPC, whether based on biometric models or the combined influence of all measured SNPs (derived from genome-wide complex trait analysis). The magnitude of overlap in the specific SNPs associated with delta energy and ITPC and P3 amplitude was significant. A genome-wide analysis of all SNPs, accompanied by an analysis of approximately 17,600 genes, indicated a region of chromosome 2 around TEKT4 that was significantly associated with theta ITPC. Analysis of candidate SNPs and genes previously reported to be associated with P3 or related phenotypes yielded one association surviving correction for multiple tests: between theta energy and CRHR1. However, we did not obtain significant associations for SNPs implicated in previous genome-wide studies of TF measures. Identifying specific genetic variants associated with P3 amplitude remains a challenge.
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Abstract
Endophenotypes are quantitative, heritable traits that may help to elucidate the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying complex disease syndromes, such as schizophrenia. They can be assessed at numerous levels of analysis; here, we review electrophysiological endophenotypes that have shown promise in helping us understand schizophrenia from a more mechanistic point of view. For each endophenotype, we describe typical experimental procedures, reliability, heritability, and reported gene and neurobiological associations. We discuss recent findings regarding the genetic architecture of specific electrophysiological endophenotypes, as well as converging evidence from EEG studies implicating disrupted balance of glutamatergic signaling and GABAergic inhibition in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. We conclude that refining the measurement of electrophysiological endophenotypes, expanding genetic association studies, and integrating data sets are important next steps for understanding the mechanisms that connect identified genetic risk loci for schizophrenia to the disease phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Owens
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Peter Bachman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - David C Glahn
- Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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9
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Iacono WG, Vaidyanathan U, Vrieze SI, Malone SM. Knowns and unknowns for psychophysiological endophenotypes: integration and response to commentaries. Psychophysiology 2014; 51:1339-47. [PMID: 25387720 PMCID: PMC4231488 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We review and summarize seven molecular genetic studies of 17 psychophysiological endophenotypes that comprise this special issue of Psychophysiology, address criticisms raised in accompanying Perspective and Commentary pieces, and offer suggestions for future research. Endophenotypes are polygenic, and possibly influenced by rare genetic variants. Because they are not simpler genetically than clinical phenotypes, they are unlikely to assist gene discovery for psychiatric disorder. Once genetic variants for clinical phenotypes are identified, associated endophenotypes are likely to provide valuable insights into the psychological and neural mechanisms important to disorder pathology. This special issue provides a foundation for informed future steps in endophenotype genetics, including the formation of large sample consortia capable of fleshing out the many genetic variants contributing to individual differences in psychophysiological measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G Iacono
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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