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Yang W, Yang Y, Wang Y, Gao Z, Zhang J, Gao W, Chen Y, Lu Y, Wang H, Zhou L, Wang Y, Li J, Tao H. Metformin prevents the onset and progression of intervertebral disc degeneration: New insights and potential mechanisms (Review). Int J Mol Med 2024; 54:71. [PMID: 38963023 PMCID: PMC11232665 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2024.5395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Metformin has been the go‑to medical treatment for addressing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as a frontline oral antidiabetic. Obesity, cancer and bone deterioration are linked to T2DM, which is considered a metabolic illness. Numerous diseases associated with T2DM, such as tumours, cardiovascular disease and bone deterioration, may be treated with metformin. Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is distinguished by degeneration of the spinal disc, accompanied by the gradual depletion of proteoglycans and water in the nucleus pulposus (NP) of the IVD, resulting in lower back pain. The therapeutic effect of metformin on IVDD has also attracted much attention. By stimulating AMP‑activated kinase, metformin could enhance autophagy and suppress cell senescence, apoptosis and inflammation, thus effectively delaying IVDD. The present review aimed to systematically explain the development of IVDD and mechanism of metformin in the treatment and prevention of IVDD to provide a reference for the clinical application of metformin as adjuvant therapy in the treatment of IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhi Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of The First Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yipin Yang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of The First Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Zongshi Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of The First Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Jingtang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of The First Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Weimin Gao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of The First Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yanjun Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of The First Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - You Lu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of The First Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of The First Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Lingyan Zhou
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of The First Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of The First Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Hui Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
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Piotrowski J, Jędrzejewski T. High mobility group box protein 1 sensitizes mononuclear cells to further contact with lipopolysaccharide. Cent Eur J Immunol 2024; 49:52-59. [PMID: 38812604 PMCID: PMC11130980 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2024.138600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Fever is an adaptive host-defense response to infection and nowadays is rightly considered to be an expression of a healthy body and a well-functioning immune system. The condition is that it must be tightly regulated. Therefore, in individual cases, fever may be detrimental and should be treated. Specific excessive febrile reaction to pathogens which occurs after aseptic injuries is one among such cases. We previously found that among necrotic products, high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) released from the site of aseptic injury affects immune effectors (cells) to mediate higher fever in response to further contact with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Here we observed that intraperitoneal (i.p.) pre-injection of recombinant HMGB1 (5 µg/rat i.p.) provoked an increase in plasma levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in rats and augmented release of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 after LPS administration at a dose of 50 µg/kg i.p. compared to rats pre-injected with saline or heat-denatured HMGB1. Furthermore, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from rats injected with HMGB1 were more sensitized to produce enhanced levels of IL-1β and PGE2 when stimulated with LPS in vitro (1 µg/ml/106 cells for 4 h) compared to control animals injected with saline or heat-denatured HMGB1. We also noted a significant increase in activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) in cells isolated from rats injected with HMGB1. Altogether, the obtained results suggest that HMGB1 participates in priming of immune cells to further contact with pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Piotrowski
- Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Jędrzejewski
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
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3
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Das UN. CUL4A-mediated ZEB1/microRNA-340-5p/HMGB1 axis in osteoporosis and their modulation by essential fatty acids (EFAs). J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23633. [PMID: 38229311 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Undurti N Das
- UND Life Sciences, Battle Ground, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, Omega Hospitals, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, India
- Sangareddy, Kandi, Telangana, India
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Ferrà-Cañellas MDM, Munar-Bestard M, Floris I, Ramis JM, Monjo M, Garcia-Sureda L. A Sequential Micro-Immunotherapy Medicine Increases Collagen Deposition in Human Gingival Fibroblasts and in an Engineered 3D Gingival Model under Inflammatory Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10484. [PMID: 37445663 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal therapies use immune mediators, but their side effects can increase with dosage. Micro-immunotherapy (MI) is a promising alternative that employs immune regulators at low and ultralow doses to minimize adverse effects. In this study, the effects of 5 capsules and the entire 10-capsule sequence of the sequential MI medicine (MIM-seq) were tested in two in vitro models of periodontitis. Firstly, human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) exposed to interleukin (IL)-1β to induce inflammation were treated with five different capsules of MIM-seq for 3 days or with MIM-seq for 24 days. Subsequently, MIM-seq was analyzed in a 3D model of human tissue equivalent of gingiva (GTE) under the same inflammatory stimulus. Simultaneously, a non-IL-1β-treated control and a vehicle were included. The effects of the treatments on cytotoxicity, collagen deposition, and the secreted levels of IL-1α, IL-6, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) were evaluated. None of the tested items were cytotoxic. The complete sequence of MIM-seq decreased PGE2 release and restored collagen deposition levels induced by IL-1β treatment in hGFs exposed to IL-1β. MIM-seq treatment restored collagen production levels in both models. These promising preclinical findings suggest that MIM-seq should be further investigated for periodontitis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Del Mar Ferrà-Cañellas
- Group of Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering, Research Institute on Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Preclinical Research Department, Labo'Life España, 07330 Consell, Spain
- Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Marta Munar-Bestard
- Group of Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering, Research Institute on Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Ilaria Floris
- Preclinical Research Department, Labo'Life France, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Joana Maria Ramis
- Group of Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering, Research Institute on Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Marta Monjo
- Group of Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering, Research Institute on Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Gauthier AG, Lin M, Zefi S, Kulkarni A, Thakur GA, Ashby CR, Mantell LL. GAT107-mediated α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor signaling attenuates inflammatory lung injury and mortality in a mouse model of ventilator-associated pneumonia by alleviating macrophage mitochondrial oxidative stress via reducing MnSOD-S-glutathionylation. Redox Biol 2023; 60:102614. [PMID: 36717349 PMCID: PMC9950665 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Supraphysiological concentrations of oxygen (hyperoxia) can compromise host defense and increase susceptibility to bacterial and viral infections, causing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Compromised host defense and inflammatory lung injury are mediated, in part, by high extracellular concentrations of HMGB1, which can be decreased by GTS-21, a partial agonist of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR). Here, we report that a novel α7nAChR agonistic positive allosteric modulator (ago-PAM), GAT107, at 3.3 mg/kg, i.p., significantly decreased animal mortality and markers of inflammatory injury in mice exposed to hyperoxia and subsequently infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The incubation of macrophages with 3.3 μM of GAT107 significantly decreased hyperoxia-induced extracellular HMGB1 accumulation and HMGB1-induced macrophage phagocytic dysfunction. Hyperoxia-compromised macrophage function was correlated with impaired mitochondrial membrane integrity, increased superoxide levels, and decreased manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) activity. This compromised MnSOD activity is due to a significant increase in its level of glutathionylation. The incubation of hyperoxic macrophages with 3.3 μM of GAT107 significantly decreases the levels of glutathionylated MnSOD, and restores MnSOD activity and mitochondrial membrane integrity. Thus, GAT107 restored hyperoxia-compromised phagocytic functions by decreasing HMGB1 release, most likely via a mitochondrial-directed pathway. Overall, our results suggest that GAT107 may be a potential treatment to decrease acute inflammatory lung injury by increasing host defense in patients with VAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex G. Gauthier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Mosi Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Sidorela Zefi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Charles R. Ashby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Lin L. Mantell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA,Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA,Corresponding author. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 128 St. Albert Hall, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY, 11439, USA.
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Vicentino ARR, Fraga-Junior VDS, Palazzo M, Tasmo NRA, Rodrigues DAS, Barroso SPC, Ferreira SN, Neves-Borges AC, Allonso D, Fantappié MR, Scharfstein J, Oliveira AC, Vianna-Jorge R, Vale AM, Coutinho-Silva R, Savio LEB, Canetti C, Benjamim CF. High mobility group box 1, ATP, lipid mediators, and tissue factor are elevated in COVID-19 patients: HMGB1 as a biomarker of worst prognosis. Clin Transl Sci 2023; 16:631-646. [PMID: 36631939 PMCID: PMC10087071 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the agent of the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, has spread worldwide since it was first identified in November 2019 in Wuhan, China. Since then, progress in pathogenesis linked severity of this systemic disease to the hyperactivation of network of cytokine-driven pro-inflammatory cascades. Here, we aimed to identify molecular biomarkers of disease severity by measuring the serum levels of inflammatory mediators in a Brazilian cohort of patients with COVID-19 and healthy controls (HCs). Critically ill patients in the intensive care unit were defined as such by dependence on oxygen supplementation (93% intubated and 7% face mask), and computed tomography profiles showing ground-glass opacity pneumonia associated to and high levels of D-dimer. Our panel of mediators included HMGB1, ATP, tissue factor, PGE2 , LTB4 , and cys-LTs. Follow-up studies showed increased serum levels of every inflammatory mediator in patients with COVID-19 as compared to HCs. Originally acting as a transcription factor, HMGB1 acquires pro-inflammatory functions following secretion by activated leukocytes or necrotic tissues. Serum levels of HMGB1 were positively correlated with cys-LTs, D-dimer, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase. Notably, the levels of the classical alarmin HMGB1 were higher in deceased patients, allowing their discrimination from patients that had been discharged at the early pulmonary and hyperinflammatory phase of COVID-19. In particular, we verified that HMGB1 levels above 125.4 ng/ml is the cutoff that distinguishes patients that are at higher risk of death. In conclusion, we propose the use of serum levels of HMGB1 as a biomarker of severe prognosis of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Roberta Revoredo Vicentino
- Programa de Imunobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vanderlei da Silva Fraga-Junior
- Programa de Imunobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Matheus Palazzo
- Programa de Imunobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Natalia Recardo Amorim Tasmo
- Programa de Imunobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Danielle A S Rodrigues
- Programa de Imunobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Shana Priscila Coutinho Barroso
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas, Hospital Naval Marcílio Dias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sâmila Natiane Ferreira
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas, Hospital Naval Marcílio Dias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Anna Cristina Neves-Borges
- Department of Botanic, Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Diego Allonso
- Departamento de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Rosado Fantappié
- Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Julio Scharfstein
- Programa de Imunobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Oliveira
- Programa de Imunobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rosane Vianna-Jorge
- Programa de Farmacologia e Inflamação, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - André Macedo Vale
- Programa de Imunobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Robson Coutinho-Silva
- Programa de Imunobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiz Eduardo Baggio Savio
- Programa de Imunobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Claudio Canetti
- Programa de Imunobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Claudia Farias Benjamim
- Programa de Imunobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Liu K, Zhen W, Bai D, Tan H, He X, Li Y, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Ito K, Zhang B, Ma Y. Lipopolysaccharide-induced immune stress negatively regulates broiler chicken growth via the COX-2-PGE 2-EP4 signaling pathway. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1193798. [PMID: 37207231 PMCID: PMC10189118 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1193798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Immune stress in broiler chickens is characterized by the development of persistent pro-inflammatory responses that contribute to degradation of production performance. However, the underlying mechanisms that cause growth inhibition of broilers with immune stress are not well defined. Methods A total of 252 1-day-old Arbor Acres(AA) broilers were randomly allocated to three groups with six replicates per group and 14 broilers per replicate. The three groups comprised a saline control group, an Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (immune stress) group, and an LPS and celecoxib group corresponding to an immune stress group treated with a selective COX-2 inhibitor. Birds in LPS group and saline group were intraperitoneally injected with the same amount of LPS or saline from 14d of age for 3 consecutive days. And birds in the LPS and celecoxib group were given a single intraperitoneal injection of celecoxib 15 min prior to LPS injection at 14 d of age. Results The feed intake and body weight gain of broilers were suppressed in response to immune stress induced by LPS which is an intrinsic component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a key enzyme that mediates prostaglandin synthesis, was up-regulated through MAPK-NF-κB pathways in activated microglia cells in broilers exposed to LPS. Subsequently, the binding of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) to the EP4 receptor maintained the activation of microglia and promoted the secretion of cytokines interleukin-1β and interleukin-8, and chemokines CX3CL1 and CCL4. In addition, the expression of appetite suppressor proopiomelanocortin protein was increased and the levels of growth hormone-releasing hormone were reduced in the hypothalamus. These effects resulted in decreased expression of insulin-like growth factor in the serum of stressed broilers. In contrast, inhibition of COX-2 normalized pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and promoted the expression of Neuropeptide Y and growth hormone-releasing hormone in the hypothalamus which improved the growth performance of stressed broilers. Transcriptomic analysis of the hypothalamus of stressed broilers showed that inhibition of COX-2 activity significantly down-regulated the expression of the TLR1B, IRF7, LY96, MAP3K8, CX3CL1, and CCL4 genes in the MAPK-NF-κB signaling pathway. Conclusion This study provides new evidence that immune stress mediates growth suppression in broilers by activating the COX-2-PGE2-EP4 signaling axis. Moreover, growth inhibition is reversed by inhibiting the activity of COX-2 under stressed conditions. These observations suggest new approaches for promoting the health of broiler chickens reared in intensive conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Liu
- Department of Animal Physiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Wenrui Zhen
- Department of Animal Physiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Dongying Bai
- Department of Animal Physiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Haiqiu Tan
- Department of Animal Physiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xianglong He
- Department of Animal Physiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yuqian Li
- Department of Animal Physiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yanhao Liu
- Department of Animal Physiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Animal Physiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Koichi Ito
- Department of Food and Physiological Models, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Bingkun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanbo Ma
- Department of Animal Physiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- Longmen Laboratory, Science & Technology Innovation Center for Completed Set Equipment, Luoyang, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- *Correspondence: Yanbo Ma,
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Oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in patients with COVID-19: Potential role of RAGE, HMGB1, GFAP and COX-2 in disease severity. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 104:108502. [PMID: 35063743 PMCID: PMC8730710 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to the abnormal induction of cytokines and a dysregulated hyperinflammatory state that is implicated in disease severity and risk of death. There are several molecules present in blood associated with immune cellular response, inflammation, and oxidative stress that could be used as severity markers in respiratory viral infections such as COVID-19. However, there is a lack of clinical studies evaluating the role of oxidative stress-related molecules including glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1) and cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) in COVID-19 pathogenesis. Aim To evaluate the role of oxidative stress-related molecules in COVID-19. Method An observational study with 93 Brazilian participants from September 2020 to April 2021, comprising 23 patients with COVID-19 admitted to intensive care unit (ICU), 19 outpatients with COVID-19 with mild to moderate symptoms, 17 individuals reporting a COVID-19 history, and 34 healthy controls. Blood samples were taken from all participants and western blot assay was used to determine the RAGE, HMGB1, GFAP, and COX-2 immunocontent. Results We found that GFAP levels were higher in patients with severe or critical COVID-19 compared to outpatients (p = 0.030) and controls (p < 0.001). A significant increase in immunocontents of RAGE (p < 0.001) and HMGB1 (p < 0.001) were also found among patients admitted to the ICU compared to healthy controls, as well as an overexpression of the inducible COX-2 (p < 0.001). In addition, we found a moderate to strong correlation between RAGE, GFAP and HMGB1 proteins. Conclusion SARS-CoV-2 infection induces the upregulation of GFAP, RAGE, HMGB1, and COX-2 in patients with the most severe forms of COVID-19.
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Macht V, Vetreno R, Elchert N, Crews F. Galantamine prevents and reverses neuroimmune induction and loss of adult hippocampal neurogenesis following adolescent alcohol exposure. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:212. [PMID: 34530858 PMCID: PMC8447570 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02243-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Binge ethanol exposure during adolescence reduces hippocampal neurogenesis, a reduction which persists throughout adulthood despite abstinence. This loss of neurogenesis, indicated by reduced doublecortin+ immunoreactivity (DCX+IR), is paralleled by an increase in hippocampal proinflammatory signaling cascades. As galantamine, a cholinesterase inhibitor, has anti-inflammatory actions, we tested the hypothesis that galantamine would prevent (study 1) or restore (study 2) AIE induction of proinflammatory signals within the hippocampus as well as AIE-induced loss of hippocampal neurogenesis. METHODS Galantamine (4 mg/kg) or vehicle (saline) was administered to Wistar rats during adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE; 5.0 g/kg ethanol, 2 days on/2 days off, postnatal day [P] 25-54) (study 1, prevention) or after AIE during abstinent maturation to adulthood (study 2, restoration). RESULTS Results indicate AIE reduced DCX+IR and induced cleaved caspase3 (Casp3) in DCX-expressing immature neurons. Excitingly, AIE induction of activated Casp3 in DCX-expressing neurons is both prevented and reversed by galantamine treatment, which also resulted in prevention and restoration of neurogenesis (DCX+IR). Similarly, galantamine prevented and/or reversed AIE induction of proinflammatory markers, including the chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein, suggesting that AIE induction of proinflammatory signaling mediates both cell death cascades and hippocampal neurogenesis. Interestingly, galantamine treatment increased Ki67+IR generally as well as increased pan-Trk expression specifically in AIE-treated rats but failed to reverse AIE induction of NADPH-oxidase (gp91phox). CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our studies suggest that (1) loss of neurogenesis after AIE is mediated by persistent induction of proinflammatory cascades which drive activation of cell death machinery in immature neurons, and (2) galantamine can prevent and restore AIE disruptions in the hippocampal environmental milieu to then prevent and restore AIE-mediated loss of neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Macht
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 104 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | - Ryan Vetreno
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 104 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Natalie Elchert
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 104 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Fulton Crews
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 104 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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10
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Attiq A, Jalil J, Husain K, Mohamad HF, Ahmad A. Luteolin and apigenin derived glycosides from Alphonsea elliptica abrogate LPS-induced inflammatory responses in human plasma. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 275:114120. [PMID: 33857595 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Numerous Alphonsea species including Alphonsea elliptica (mempisang) leaves and fruits are indigenously used in inflammatory conditions such as postpartum swelling and rheumatism in southeast Asian countries. In our previous in-vitro findings, A. elliptica methanol extract exhibited platelet-activating factor inhibition, suggesting the presence of phyto-constituents with anti-inflammatory potential. AIM OF THE STUDY However, so far there is no literature available on the anti-inflammatory activity of this species. Henceforth, based on the above background and our previous laboratory findings, we hypothesize that phytoconstituents of A. elliptica could possess anti-inflammatory potential against inflammatory mediators including prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2), cyclooxegenase-2 (COX-2) and cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6). MATERIALS AND METHODS Vacuum and column chromatography techniques were employed for the isolation of phytoconstituents. The structure elucidation was carried out using HRESI-MS, 1H and 13C-NMR analysis and compared with the published literature. For cytotoxicity analysis, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In-vitro anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated against the levels of PGE2, COX-2, IL-1β and IL-6 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced human plasma using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and radioimmunoassay. RESULTS Unprecedentedly, chromatographic purification of methanolic leaves extract afforded five flavones namely vitexin, isovitexin, orientin, isoorientin, schaftoside with three flavanols; kaempferol, myricetin and rutin from A elliptica. In cell viability analysis, isolates did not present cytotoxicity up to 50 μM. In anti-inflammatory evaluation, orientin and isoorientin exhibited strong (≥70%), while isovitexin and vitexin produced strong to moderate (50-69%) PGE2, COX-2, IL-1β and IL-6 inhibition at 25 and 50 μM. Isoorientin, orientin, isovitexin, and vitexin showed significant (p < 0.05) and concentration-dependent PGE2 inhibition with IC50 values (μM) of 11.40, 14.71, 17.70 and 20.58 against indomethacin (8.80). Furthermore, isoorientin, orientin, isovitexin, and vitexin produced significant concentration-dependent inhibition with IC50 values (μM) of COX-2: 7.13, 9.51, 12.81, 16.61; IL-1β 4.80, 6.20, 10.85, 14.51; IL-6: 4.01, 5.90, 11.51 and 14.88 as compared to dexamethasone: 5.29, 2.93, 3.72, respectively (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Conclusively, isolated phytoconstituents are reported for the first time from the A. elliptica. Moreover, isovitexin, vitexin orientin and isoorientin abrogated LPS-induced inflammatory responses in human plasma at non-cytotoxic concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Attiq
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Faculty of Pharmacy, MAHSA University, Bandar Saujana Putra, Malaysia.
| | - Juriyati Jalil
- Faculty of Pharmacy, MAHSA University, Bandar Saujana Putra, Malaysia.
| | - Khairana Husain
- Faculty of Pharmacy, MAHSA University, Bandar Saujana Putra, Malaysia.
| | - Hazni Falina Mohamad
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Abrar Ahmad
- College of Pharmacy, University of Punjab, Allama Iqbal Campus, Mall Road Lahore, Pakistan.
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11
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Sun B, Ying S, Ma Q, Li H, Li J, Song J. Metformin ameliorates HMGB1-mediated oxidative stress through mTOR pathway in experimental periodontitis. Genes Dis 2021; 10:542-553. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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12
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Ma C, Li B, Zhang J, Sun Y, Li J, Zhou H, Shen J, Gu R, Qian J, Fan C, Zhang H, Liu K. Significantly Improving the Bioefficacy for Rheumatoid Arthritis with Supramolecular Nanoformulations. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2100098. [PMID: 33733490 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202100098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
As a typical inflammatory disease with chronic pain syndromes, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) generally requires long-term treatment with frequent injection administration at 1-2 times per day, because common medications such as interleukin1 receptor antagonist (IL1ra) have poor bioavailability and very limited half-life residence. Here a novel strategy to fabricate nanotherapeutic formulations employing genetically engineered IL1ra protein complexes, yielding ultralong-lasting bioefficacy is developed rationally. Using rat models, it is shown that these nanotherapeutics significantly improved drug regimen to a single subcutaneous administration in a 14-day therapy, suggesting their extraordinary bioavailability and ultralong-acting pharmacokinetics. Specifically, the half-life and bioavailability of the nanoformulations are boosted to the level of 30 h and by 7 times, respectively, significantly greater than other systems. This new strategy thus holds great promise to potently improve patient compliance in RA therapy, and it can be adapted for other therapies that suffer similar drawbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Jinrui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Yao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Hangcheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jianlei Shen
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Rui Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Jiangchao Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Chunhai Fan
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
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13
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Song HH, Song TC, Yang T, Sun CS, He BQ, Li H, Wang YJ, Li Y, Wu H, Hu YM, Wang YJ. High mobility group box 1 mediates inflammatory response of astrocytes via cyclooxygenase 2/prostaglandin E2 signaling following spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:1848-1855. [PMID: 33510092 PMCID: PMC8328776 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.303039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) interacts with pattern-recognition receptors of immune cells to activate the inflammatory response. Astrocytes play a positive role in the inflammatory response of the central nervous system by expressing a broad range of pattern-recognition receptors. However, the underlying relationship between HMGB1 and the inflammatory reaction of astrocytes remains unclear. In this study, we established rat models of spinal cord injury via laminectomy at the T8–10 level, and the injured spinal cord was subjected to transcriptome sequencing. Our results showed that the HMGB1/Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) axis was involved in the activation of astrocyte inflammatory response through regulation of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2)/prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) signaling. Both TLR4 and COX2 were distributed in astrocytes and showed elevated protein levels following spinal cord injury. Stimulation of primary astrocytes with recombinant HMGB1 showed that COX2 and microsomal PGE synthase (mPGES)-1, rather than COX1, mPGES-2, or cytosolic PGE synthase, were significantly upregulated. Accordingly, PGE2 production in astrocytes was remarkably increased in response to recombinant HMGB1 challenges. Pharmacologic blockade of TLR2/4 attenuated HMGB1-mediated activation of the COX2/PGE2 pathway. Interestingly, HMGB1 did not impact the production of tumor necrosis factor-α or interleukin-1β in astrocytes. Our results suggest that HMGB1 mediates the astrocyte inflammatory response through regulating the COX2/PGE2 signaling pathway. The study was approved by the Laboratory Animal Ethics Committee of Nantong University, China (approval No. 20181204-001) on December 4, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Hua Song
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University; Center of Special Inspection, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tian-Cheng Song
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chun-Shuai Sun
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bing-Qiang He
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ying-Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu-Ming Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yong-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
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14
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Bell RF, Moreira VM, Kalso EA, Yli-Kauhaluoma J. Liquorice for pain? Ther Adv Psychopharmacol 2021; 11:20451253211024873. [PMID: 34349979 PMCID: PMC8287643 DOI: 10.1177/20451253211024873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquorice has a long history of use in traditional Chinese, Ayurvedic and herbal medicine. The liquorice plant contains numerous bioactive compounds, including triterpenes, flavonoids and secondary metabolites, with glycyrrhizin being the main active compound. Liquorice constituents have been found to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, anticancer, hepatoprotective and neuroprotective properties. In addition, they appear to have antidepressant actions and effects on morphine tolerance. Glycyrrhizin, its metabolite glycyrrhetic (glycyrrhetinic) acid and other liquorice-derived compounds such as isoflavonoids and trans-chalcones, exert potent anti-inflammatory effects via a wide range of mechanisms including high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) inhibition, gap junction blockade and α2A-adrenoceptor antagonism. These properties, together with an increasing body of preclinical studies and a long history of use in herbal medicine, suggest that liquorice constituents may be useful for pain management. Glycyrrhizin is used widely in the confectionary, food and tobacco industries, but has documented adverse effects that may limit clinical use. Whether liquorice plant-derived compounds represent a novel class of analgesics is yet to be established. Having a host of bioactive compounds with a broad range of mechanisms of effect, liquorice is a plant that, in the future, may give rise to new therapies for pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rae F Bell
- (Emerita) Regional Centre of Excellence in Palliative Care, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 65, Bergen 5021, Norway
| | - Vânia M Moreira
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Eija A Kalso
- Department of Pharmacology and SleepWell Research Programme, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Yli-Kauhaluoma
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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15
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Kamiya N, Kim HK. Elevation of Proinflammatory Cytokine HMGB1 in the Synovial Fluid of Patients With Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease and Correlation With IL-6. JBMR Plus 2020; 5:e10429. [PMID: 33615102 PMCID: PMC7872337 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Legg‐Calvé‐Perthes disease (LCPD) is a childhood ischemic osteonecrosis (ON) of the femoral head associated with the elevation of proinflammatory cytokine interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) in the synovial fluid. Currently, there is no effective medical therapy for patients with LCPD. In animal models of ischemic ON, articular chondrocytes produce IL‐6 in response to ischemic ON induction and IL‐6 receptor blockade improves bone healing. High‐mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a damage‐associated molecular pattern released from dying cells. In addition, extracellular HMGB1 protein is a well‐known proinflammatory cytokine elevated in the synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. The purpose of this study was to investigate IL‐6–related proinflammatory cytokines, including HMGB1, in the synovial fluid of patients with LCPD. Our working hypothesis was that HMGB1, produced by articular chondrocytes following ischemic ON, plays an important role in IL‐6 upregulation. Here, HMGB1 protein levels were significantly higher in the synovial fluid of patients with LCPD by threefold compared with controls (p < 0.05), and were highly correlated with IL‐6 levels (Pearson correlation coefficient 0.94, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.87). In the mouse model of ischemic ON, both HMGB1 gene expression and protein levels were elevated in the articular cartilage. In vitro studies revealed a significant elevation of HMGB1 and IL‐6 proteins in the supernatants of human chondrocytes exposed to hypoxic and oxidative stresses. Overexpressed HMGB1 protein in the supernatants of chondrocytes synergistically increased IL‐6 protein. Silencing HMGB1 RNA in human chondrocytes significantly repressed inteleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) gene expression, but not IL‐6. Further, both IL‐1β and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) protein levels in the synovial fluid of patients with LCPD were significantly correlated with IL‐6 protein levels. Taken together, these results suggest that proinflammatory cytokines, HMGB1, tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), and IL‐1β, are significantly involved with IL‐6 in the pathogenesis of LCPD. This study is clinically relevant because the availability of multiple therapeutic targets may improve the development of therapeutic strategy for LCPD. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Kamiya
- Center for Excellence in Hip Scottish Rite for Children Dallas TX USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX USA.,Faculty of Budo and Sport Studies Tenri University Nara Japan
| | - Harry Kw Kim
- Center for Excellence in Hip Scottish Rite for Children Dallas TX USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX USA
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16
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Hegewald AB, Breitwieser K, Ottinger SM, Mobarrez F, Korotkova M, Rethi B, Jakobsson PJ, Catrina AI, Wähämaa H, Saul MJ. Extracellular miR-574-5p Induces Osteoclast Differentiation via TLR 7/8 in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:585282. [PMID: 33154755 PMCID: PMC7591713 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.585282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by synovial inflammation and joint destruction. Cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEV) mediate cell-to-cell communication in the synovial microenvironment by carrying microRNAs (miRs), a class of small non-coding RNAs. Herein, we report that sEV from synovial fluid promote osteoclast differentiation which is attributed to high levels of extracellular miR-574-5p. Moreover, we demonstrate for the first time that enhanced osteoclast maturation is mediated by Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/8 signaling which is activated by miR-574-5p binding. This is a novel mechanism by which sEV and miRs contribute to RA pathogenesis and indicate that pharmacological inhibition of extracellular miR-574-5p might offer new therapeutic strategies to protect osteoclast-mediated bone destruction in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anett B Hegewald
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Kai Breitwieser
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Sarah M Ottinger
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Fariborz Mobarrez
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marina Korotkova
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bence Rethi
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per-Johan Jakobsson
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anca I Catrina
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Heidi Wähämaa
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Meike J Saul
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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17
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Gacaferi H, Mimpen JY, Baldwin MJ, Snelling SJB, Nelissen RGHH, Carr AJ, Dakin SG. The potential roles of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in musculoskeletal disease: A systematic review. TRANSLATIONAL SPORTS MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/tsm2.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamez Gacaferi
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS) Botnar Research Centre University of Oxford Oxford UK
- Department of Orthopaedics Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Jolet Y. Mimpen
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS) Botnar Research Centre University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - Mathew J. Baldwin
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS) Botnar Research Centre University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - Sarah J. B. Snelling
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS) Botnar Research Centre University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | | | - Andrew J. Carr
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS) Botnar Research Centre University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - Stephanie G. Dakin
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS) Botnar Research Centre University of Oxford Oxford UK
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18
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Li T, Liu B, Guan H, Mao W, Wang L, Zhang C, Hai L, Liu K, Cao J. PGE2 increases inflammatory damage in Escherichia coli-infected bovine endometrial tissue in vitro via the EP4-PKA signaling pathway. Biol Reprod 2020; 100:175-186. [PMID: 30010723 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometritis is the most common bovine uterine disease following parturition. The role of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in the regulation of endometrial inflammation and repair is well understood. Excess PGE2 is also generated in multiple inflammatory diseases, including endometritis. However, it remains unclear whether PGE2 is associated with pathogen-induced inflammatory damage to the endometrium. To clarify the role of PGE2 in pathogen-induced inflammatory damage, this study evaluated the production of PGE2, inflammatory factors, and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in cultured Escherichia coli-infected bovine endometrial tissue. PGE2 production was significantly higher in E. coli-infected tissue, and in E. coli-infected tissue treated with 15-prostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) inhibitors, as compared to uninfected tissue. Phospholipase A2 (PLA2), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) were also upregulated in E. coli-infected tissue, while concentrations of arachidonic acid (AA), leukotrienes, DAMPs, and other proinflammatory factors increased. The accumulation of PGE2 clearly damaged the cultured tissue. Treatment with the COX-2, mPGES-1, EP4, and protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitors decreased the production of PGE2, inflammatory factors, and DAMPs, simultaneously alleviating the E. coli-induced endometrial tissue damage. Therefore, the PGE2 that was generated by COX-2 and mPGES-1 accumulated, and this pathogenic PGE2 increased inflammatory damage by upregulating inflammatory factors and DAMPs in E. coli-infected bovine endometrial tissue. This upregulation of inflammatory factors and DAMPs might be regulated by the EP4-PKA signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China.,Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China.,Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Hong Guan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China.,Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Wei Mao
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China.,Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Lingrui Wang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China.,Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China.,Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Lili Hai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China.,Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China.,Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Jinshan Cao
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China.,Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, China
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19
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Qian F, Misra S, Prabhu KS. Selenium and selenoproteins in prostanoid metabolism and immunity. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 54:484-516. [PMID: 31996052 PMCID: PMC7122104 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2020.1717430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element that functions in the form of the 21st amino acid, selenocysteine (Sec) in a defined set of proteins. Se deficiency is associated with pathological conditions in humans and animals, where incorporation of Sec into selenoproteins is reduced along with their expression and catalytic activity. Supplementation of Se-deficient population with Se has shown health benefits suggesting the importance of Se in physiology. An interesting paradigm to explain, in part, the health benefits of Se stems from the observations that selenoprotein-dependent modulation of inflammation and efficient resolution of inflammation relies on mechanisms involving a group of bioactive lipid mediators, prostanoids, which orchestrate a concerted action toward maintenance and restoration of homeostatic immune responses. Such an effect involves the interaction of various immune cells with these lipid mediators where cellular redox gatekeeper functions of selenoproteins further aid in not only dampening inflammation, but also initiating an effective and active resolution process. Here we have summarized the current literature on the multifaceted roles of Se/selenoproteins in the regulation of these bioactive lipid mediators and their immunomodulatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Qian
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and The Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA. 16802, USA
| | - Sougat Misra
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and The Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA. 16802, USA
| | - K. Sandeep Prabhu
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and The Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA. 16802, USA
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20
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Han Y, Yuan F, Deng C, He F, Zhang Y, Shen H, Chen Z, Qian L. Metformin decreases LPS-induced inflammatory response in rabbit annulus fibrosus stem/progenitor cells by blocking HMGB1 release. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:10252-10265. [PMID: 31772144 PMCID: PMC6914423 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the mechanism of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) and identify an efficient treatment for low back pain. Rabbit annulus fibrosus stem cells (AFSCs) were treated with metformin and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The results indicated that LPS induced HMGB1 release from the nuclei of AFSCs and caused cell senescence in a concentration-dependent manner. The production of PGE2 and HMGB1 was increased in the medium of the LPS-treated AFSCs. Certain inflammation-associated genes (IL-β1, IL-6, COX-2 and TNF-α) and proteins (IL-β1, COX-2 and TNF-α) and specific catabolic genes (MMP-3 and MMP-13) exhibited increased expression in LPS-treated AFSCs. However, the expression levels of other anabolic genes, such as collagen I and collagen II were decreased in LPS-treated AFSCs. Following addition of metformin to LPS-containing medium, HMGB1 was retained in the nuclei of AFSCs and the production of PGE2 and HMGB1 was reduced. The expression levels of the catabolic genes and proteins were decreased and those of the anabolic genes were increased. The findings indicated that metformin exerted an anti-inflammatory effect by blocking the HMGB1 translocation and by inhibiting catabolic production and cell senescence in AFSCs. Therefore, metformin may be used as an efficient treatment for the disc degenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchao Han
- Department of Spine Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Feng Yuan
- Department of Sports Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Chao Deng
- Department of Spine Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Fan He
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Hongxing Shen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Lie Qian
- Department of Spine Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
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21
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Rawat C, Kukal S, Dahiya UR, Kukreti R. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors: future therapeutic strategies for epilepsy management. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:197. [PMID: 31666079 PMCID: PMC6822425 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1592-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy, a common multifactorial neurological disease, affects about 69 million people worldwide constituting nearly 1% of the world population. Despite decades of extensive research on understanding its underlying mechanism and developing the pharmacological treatment, very little is known about the biological alterations leading to epileptogenesis. Due to this gap, the currently available antiepileptic drug therapy is symptomatic in nature and is ineffective in 30% of the cases. Mounting evidences revealed the pathophysiological role of neuroinflammation in epilepsy which has shifted the focus of epilepsy researchers towards the development of neuroinflammation-targeted therapeutics for epilepsy management. Markedly increased expression of key inflammatory mediators in the brain and blood-brain barrier may affect neuronal function and excitability and thus may increase seizure susceptibility in preclinical and clinical settings. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an enzyme synthesizing the proinflammatory mediators, prostaglandins, has widely been reported to be induced during seizures and is considered to be a potential neurotherapeutic target for epilepsy management. However, the efficacy of such therapy involving COX-2 inhibition depends on various factors viz., therapeutic dose, time of administration, treatment duration, and selectivity of COX-2 inhibitors. This article reviews the preclinical and clinical evidences supporting the role of COX-2 in seizure-associated neuroinflammation in epilepsy and the potential clinical use of COX-2 inhibitors as a future strategy for epilepsy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitra Rawat
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi, India
| | - Samiksha Kukal
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi, India
| | - Ujjwal Ranjan Dahiya
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi, India
| | - Ritushree Kukreti
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi, India.
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22
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Zhao G, Zhang J, Nie D, Zhou Y, Li F, Onishi K, Billiar T, Wang JHC. HMGB1 mediates the development of tendinopathy due to mechanical overloading. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222369. [PMID: 31560698 PMCID: PMC6764662 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical overloading is a major cause of tendinopathy, but the underlying pathogenesis of tendinopathy is unclear. Here we report that high mobility group box1 (HMGB1) is released to the tendon extracellular matrix and initiates an inflammatory cascade in response to mechanical overloading in a mouse model. Moreover, administration of glycyrrhizin (GL), a naturally occurring triterpene and a specific inhibitor of HMGB1, inhibits the tendon’s inflammatory reactions. Also, while prolonged mechanical overloading in the form of long-term intensive treadmill running induces Achilles tendinopathy in mice, administration of GL completely blocks the tendinopathy development. Additionally, mechanical overloading of tendon cells in vitro induces HMGB1 release to the extracellular milieu, thereby eliciting inflammatory and catabolic responses as marked by increased production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) in tendon cells. Application of GL abolishes the cellular inflammatory/catabolic responses. Collectively, these findings point to HMGB1 as a key molecule that is responsible for the induction of tendinopathy due to mechanical overloading placed on the tendon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyi Zhao
- MechanoBiology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jianying Zhang
- MechanoBiology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Daibang Nie
- MechanoBiology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yiqin Zhou
- MechanoBiology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine Department, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Huangpu, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Li
- MechanoBiology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Kentaro Onishi
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Timothy Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - James H-C. Wang
- MechanoBiology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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23
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Piotrowski J, Jędrzejewski T, Pawlikowska M, Wrotek S, Kozak W. High mobility group box 1 protein released in the course of aseptic necrosis of tissues sensitizes rats to pyrogenic effects of lipopolysaccharide. J Therm Biol 2019; 84:36-44. [PMID: 31466775 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
It is still an open question as to whether or not aseptic injuries affect the generation of fever due to exogenous pyrogens including bacterial products. Therefore, in the present paper we have investigated the course of endotoxin fever in rats induced with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; given intraperitoneally in a dose of 50 μg/kg) 48 h after subcutaneous administration of turpentine oil (TRP; 0.1 mL per rat) that causes aseptic necrosis of tissues. We found that febrile response was significantly augmented in the animals pre-treated with turpentine compared to control rats (pre-treated with saline), and that observed excessive elevation of body temperature (Tb) was accompanied by enhanced release of fever mediators: interleukin-6 (IL-6) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) into plasma. Moreover, we found that sensitization to pyrogenic effects of lipopolysaccharide was associated with the increase in plasma level of high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), one of the best-known damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMP), which was recently discovered as inflammatory mediator. Since the injection of anti-HMGB1 antibodies weakened observed hyperpyrexia in the animals pre-treated with turpentine, we conclude that HMGB1 is a plasma-derived factor released in the course of aseptic injury that enhances pyrogenic effects of LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Piotrowski
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 Lwowska Street, 87-100, Torun, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Jędrzejewski
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 Lwowska Street, 87-100, Torun, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Pawlikowska
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 Lwowska Street, 87-100, Torun, Poland
| | - Sylwia Wrotek
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 Lwowska Street, 87-100, Torun, Poland
| | - Wieslaw Kozak
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 Lwowska Street, 87-100, Torun, Poland
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24
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Hwang JH, Chu H, Ahn Y, Kim J, Kim DY. HMGB1 promotes hair growth via the modulation of prostaglandin metabolism. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6660. [PMID: 31040377 PMCID: PMC6491442 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43242-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Unexpected hair growth can occur after tissue injury. The pathogenic mechanism for this phenomenon is unknown but is likely related to inflammatory mediators. One such mediator is high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a ubiquitous nuclear protein that is released from cell nuclei after tissue damage. To elucidate the effect of HMGB1 on hair growth and understand its mechanism of action, we evaluated the effect of HMGB1 treatment on hair shaft elongation and on mRNA and protein expression in cultured human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs). HMGB1 enhanced hair shaft elongation in an ex vivo hair organ culture. In hDPCs, HMGB1 treatment significantly increased mRNA and protein expression levels of prostagladin E synthases. HMGB1 also stimulated prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) secretion from hDPCs. Finally, blocking the receptor for advanced glycation end-products, a canonical HMGB1 receptor, inhibited HMGB1-induced PGE2 production and hair shaft elongation. Our results suggest that HMGB1 promotes hair growth via PGE2 secretion from hDPCs. This mechanism can explain the paradoxical phenomenon of trauma-induced hair growth. Thus, HGMB1 can be a viable therapeutic target for the treatment of alopecia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye Hwang
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Howard Chu
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yuri Ahn
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jino Kim
- New Hair Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do-Young Kim
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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25
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Justice M, Ferrugia A, Beidler J, Penprase JC, Cintora P, Erwin D, Medrano O, Brasser SM, Hong MY. Effects of Moderate Ethanol Consumption on Lipid Metabolism and Inflammation Through Regulation of Gene Expression in Rats. Alcohol Alcohol 2019; 54:5-12. [PMID: 30423027 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agy079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Epidemiological studies and experimental data from rodent models have reported a non-linear relationship between consumption of alcohol and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk that suggests that light-to-moderate drinking as opposed to excessive consumption may provide some cardiovascular benefits. The present study examined potential mechanisms by which moderate alcohol consumption may provide a protective effect against CVD. Short summary Wistar rats exposed for 3 months to a 20% ethanol intermittent-access voluntary drinking paradigm displayed a reduction in epididymal fat, blood glucose and non-HDL and total cholesterol. These effects were accompanied by decreased expression of Hmgcr, Srebp-2, Cox-2 and RelA, indicating downregulation of genes involved in cholesterol synthesis and inflammation. Methods Twenty-four male Wistar rats voluntarily consumed a 20% v/v ethanol solution on alternate days for 13 weeks (ethanol-treated) or were given access to water alone (non-ethanol-exposed control). Results There was no difference in body weight gain between the two groups, however, epididymal fat weight was lower in ethanol-fed rats (P = 0.030). Blood glucose, total cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels were lower in the ethanol group compared to controls (P < 0.05). There was a significant reduction in the expression of hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2 in ethanol-treated rats (P < 0.05), suggesting that ethanol may have lowered cholesterol levels via downregulation of genes involved in cholesterol synthesis. Paraoxonase-1, which is associated with inhibition of LDL cholesterol oxidation, was upregulated in the ethanol group (P = 0.029). Ethanol-treated rats exhibited significantly lower levels of high-mobility box group protein 1 (P ≤ 0.05). Cyclooxygenase-2 and RelA gene expression were significantly lower in ethanol-treated rats (P < 0.05), indicating possible anti-inflammatory effects. Conclusions These findings suggest that moderate ethanol consumption may potentially contribute to improved cardiovascular outcomes by reducing body fat, improving blood cholesterol and blood glucose, and modulation of gene expression involved in inflammation and/or cholesterol synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meegan Justice
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Autumn Ferrugia
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Joshua Beidler
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jerrold C Penprase
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Patricia Cintora
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Danielle Erwin
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Octavio Medrano
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Susan M Brasser
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Mee Young Hong
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
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26
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Saul MJ, Baumann I, Bruno A, Emmerich AC, Wellstein J, Ottinger SM, Contursi A, Dovizio M, Donnini S, Tacconelli S, Raouf J, Idborg H, Stein S, Korotkova M, Savai R, Terzuoli E, Sala G, Seeger W, Jakobsson PJ, Patrignani P, Suess B, Steinhilber D. miR-574-5p as RNA decoy for CUGBP1 stimulates human lung tumor growth by mPGES-1 induction. FASEB J 2019; 33:6933-6947. [PMID: 30922080 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802547r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) are important posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression. Besides their well-characterized inhibitory effects on mRNA stability and translation, miRs can also activate gene expression. In this study, we identified a novel noncanonical function of miR-574-5p. We found that miR-574-5p acts as an RNA decoy to CUG RNA-binding protein 1 (CUGBP1) and antagonizes its function. MiR-574-5p induces microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) expression by preventing CUGBP1 binding to its 3'UTR, leading to an enhanced alternative splicing and generation of an mPGES-1 3'UTR isoform, increased mPGES-1 protein expression, PGE2 formation, and tumor growth in vivo. miR-574-5p-induced tumor growth in mice could be completely inhibited with the mPGES-1 inhibitor CIII. Moreover, miR-574-5p is induced by IL-1β and is strongly overexpressed in human nonsmall cell lung cancer where high mPGES-1 expression correlates with a low survival rate. The discovered function of miR-574-5p as a CUGBP1 decoy opens up new therapeutic opportunities. It might serve as a stratification marker to select lung tumor patients who respond to the pharmacological inhibition of PGE2 formation.-Saul, M. J., Baumann, I., Bruno, A., Emmerich, A. C., Wellstein, J., Ottinger, S. M., Contursi, A., Dovizio, M., Donnini, S., Tacconelli, S., Raouf, J., Idborg, H., Stein, S., Korotkova, M., Savai, R., Terzuoli, E., Sala, G., Seeger, W., Jakobsson, P.-J., Patrignani, P., Suess, B., Steinhilber, D. miR-574-5p as RNA decoy for CUGBP1 stimulates human lung tumor growth by mPGES-1 induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meike J Saul
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Isabell Baumann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Annalisa Bruno
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Science, Section of Cardiovascular and Pharmacological Sciences, School of Medicine, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy.,Centro Scienze dell' Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale (CeSI-MeT), G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Anne C Emmerich
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Julia Wellstein
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Sarah M Ottinger
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Annalisa Contursi
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Science, Section of Cardiovascular and Pharmacological Sciences, School of Medicine, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy.,Centro Scienze dell' Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale (CeSI-MeT), G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Melania Dovizio
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Science, Section of Cardiovascular and Pharmacological Sciences, School of Medicine, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy.,Centro Scienze dell' Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale (CeSI-MeT), G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Sandra Donnini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Stefania Tacconelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Science, Section of Cardiovascular and Pharmacological Sciences, School of Medicine, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy.,Centro Scienze dell' Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale (CeSI-MeT), G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Joan Raouf
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Idborg
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Marina Korotkova
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rajkumar Savai
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Erika Terzuoli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Gianluca Sala
- Centro Scienze dell' Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale (CeSI-MeT), G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Medical and Oral Sciences and Biotechnologies, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy; and
| | - Werner Seeger
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine II, Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Per-Johan Jakobsson
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paola Patrignani
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Science, Section of Cardiovascular and Pharmacological Sciences, School of Medicine, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy.,Centro Scienze dell' Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale (CeSI-MeT), G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Beatrix Suess
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Dieter Steinhilber
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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27
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Hong MY, Groven S, Marx A, Rasmussen C, Beidler J. Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Hypolipidemic Effects of Mixed Nuts in Atherogenic Diet-Fed Rats. Molecules 2018; 23:E3126. [PMID: 30501043 PMCID: PMC6321097 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nut consumption is associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Because most studies have administered single nut varieties, it is unknown whether mixed nuts will also reduce CVD risk. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of mixed nut and pistachio consumption on lipid profiles, glucose, inflammation, oxidative stress, and antioxidant capacity in rats fed an atherogenic diet. Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats (21 days old) were assigned into three groups (n = 10) based on initial body weight and fed either an isocaloric control diet (no nuts), 8.1% pistachio diet (single nut), or 7.5% mixed nut diet (almonds, brazil nuts, cashews, macadamia nuts, peanuts, pecans, pistachios, and walnuts) for 8 weeks. Both pistachios and mixed nuts significantly decreased triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol (p < 0.05) compared with controls. Both nut groups exhibited reductions in C-reactive protein (p = 0.045) and oxidative stress (p = 0.004). The mixed nut group had greater superoxide dismutase (p = 0.004) and catalase (p = 0.044) and lower aspartate aminotransferase (p = 0.048) activities. Gene expression for Fas, Hmgcr, and Cox2 was downregulated for both nut groups compared to controls (p < 0.05). In conclusion, mixed nuts and individual nut varieties have comparable effects on CVD risk factors in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mee Young Hong
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
| | - Shauna Groven
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
| | - Amanda Marx
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
| | - Caitlin Rasmussen
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
| | - Joshua Beidler
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
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Zhang B, Wang H, Wang Y, Yang M, Gu J, Yao M. High mobility group box protein 1 downregulates acid β-glucosidase 1 in synovial fibroblasts from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 11:3575-3582. [PMID: 31949736 PMCID: PMC6962872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
High mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but the pathogenic mechanisms of HMGB1 in RA and the involvement of the lysosomal enzyme acid β-glucosidase 1 (GBA1) are not fully elucidated. The aim of the present study was to use HMGB1 to treat RA synovial fibroblasts (RASFs) and to examine the changes of transcriptional factors. RASFs were isolated from synovial tissues obtained from five RA patients undergoing synovectomy or joint replacement. RASFs were incubated with 100 ng/mL of HMGB1 for different periods. The changes in transcriptional factors were screened by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and results were confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR and western blot. The results showed that the mRNA of >60 genes in RASFs were differentially expressed after HMGB1 treatment. Among them, GBA1 was the most markedly decreased (-3.99 folds, P<0.001). These results were confirmed by qRT-PCR and western blot. The late-stage inflammatory mediator HMGB1 probably exerts its pathogenic role in RA by downregulating GBA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing UniversityZhejiang, China
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing UniversityZhejiang, China
| | - Yiwen Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing UniversityZhejiang, China
| | - Mingfeng Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing UniversityZhejiang, China
| | - Juanfang Gu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing UniversityZhejiang, China
| | - Ming Yao
- Department of Pain, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing UniversityZhejiang, China
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Host-based lipid inflammation drives pathogenesis in Francisella infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:12596-12601. [PMID: 29109289 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1712887114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) was used to elucidate host lipids involved in the inflammatory signaling pathway generated at the host-pathogen interface during a septic bacterial infection. Using Francisella novicida as a model organism, a bacterial lipid virulence factor (endotoxin) was imaged and identified along with host phospholipids involved in the splenic response in murine tissues. Here, we demonstrate detection and distribution of endotoxin in a lethal murine F. novicida infection model, in addition to determining the temporally and spatially resolved innate lipid inflammatory response in both 2D and 3D renderings using MSI. Further, we show that the cyclooxygenase-2-dependent lipid inflammatory pathway is responsible for lethality in F. novicida infection due to overproduction of proinflammatory effectors including prostaglandin E2. The results of this study emphasize that spatial determination of the host lipid components of the immune response is crucial to identifying novel strategies to effectively address highly pathogenic and lethal infections stemming from bacterial, fungal, and viral origins.
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30
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Nardini C, Devescovi V, Liu Y, Zhou X, Lu Y, Dent JE. Systemic Wound Healing Associated with local sub-Cutaneous Mechanical Stimulation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39043. [PMID: 28008941 PMCID: PMC5180236 DOI: 10.1038/srep39043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Degeneration is a hallmark of autoimmune diseases, whose incidence grows worldwide. Current therapies attempt to control the immune response to limit degeneration, commonly promoting immunodepression. Differently, mechanical stimulation is known to trigger healing (regeneration) and it has recently been proposed locally for its therapeutic potential on severely injured areas. As the early stages of healing consist of altered intra- and inter-cellular fluxes of soluble molecules, we explored the potential of this early signal to spread, over time, beyond the stimulation district and become systemic, to impact on distributed or otherwise unreachable injured areas. We report in a model of arthritis in rats how stimulations delivered in the subcutaneous dorsal tissue result, over time, in the control and healing of the degeneration of the paws' joints, concomitantly with the systemic activation of wound healing phenomena in blood and in correlation with a more eubiotic microbiome in the gut intestinal district.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Nardini
- Group of Clinical Genomic Networks, Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
- CNR IAC “Mauro Picone”, Via dei Taurini 19 00185-Roma, Italy
| | - Valentina Devescovi
- Group of Clinical Genomic Networks, Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Yuanhua Liu
- Group of Clinical Genomic Networks, Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
- Bioinformatics Platform, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, CAS, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhou
- Group of Clinical Genomic Networks, Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Youtao Lu
- Group of Clinical Genomic Networks, Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Jennifer E. Dent
- Group of Clinical Genomic Networks, Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
- NORSAS consultancy limited, Norwich (NR12 8QP), Norfolk, UK
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31
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Huang QC, Wang MJ, Chen XM, Yu WL, Chu YL, He XH, Huang RY. Can active components of licorice, glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetinic acid, lick rheumatoid arthritis? Oncotarget 2016; 7:1193-202. [PMID: 26498361 PMCID: PMC4811453 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This review stated the possible application of the active components of licorice, glycyrrhizin (GL) and glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment based on the cyclooxygenase (COX)-2/thromboxane A2 (TxA2) pathway. METHODS The extensive literature from inception to July 2015 was searched in PubMed central, and relevant reports were identified according to the purpose of this study. RESULTS The active components of licorice GL and GA exert the potential anti-inflammatory effects through, at least in part, suppressing COX-2 and its downstream product TxA2. Additionally, the COX-2/TxA2 pathway, an auto-regulatory feedback loop, has been recently found to be a crucial mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of RA. However, TxA2 is neither the pharmacological target of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) nor the target of disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), and the limitations and side effects of those drugs may be, at least in part, attributable to lack of the effects on the COX-2/TxA2 pathway. Therefore, GL and GA capable of targeting this pathway hold the potential as a novel add-on therapy in therapeutic strategy, which is supported by several bench experiments. CONCLUSIONS The active components of licorice, GL and GA, could not only potentiate the therapeutic effects but also decrease the adverse effects of NSAIDs or DMARDs through suppressing the COX-2/TxA2 pathway during treatment course of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Chun Huang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Mao-Jie Wang
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiu-Min Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Wan-Lin Yu
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Liang Chu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Hong He
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Run-Yue Huang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
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32
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Methotrexate affects HMGB1 expression in rheumatoid arthritis, and the downregulation of HMGB1 prevents rheumatoid arthritis progression. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 420:161-70. [PMID: 27522665 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2783-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is associated with the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Recent studies have shown that methotrexate (MTX) may inhibit the expression of HMGB1. This study examined whether HMGB1 might be involved in the treatment of RA using MTX. Synovial tissues were collected from RA patients who were treated with MTX for at least 6 months (RA-MTX group, 7 cases) and from those without MTX treatment (RA-noMTX group, 7 cases). Additionally, patients with osteoarthritis (OA group, 7 cases) were used as controls. The expression and locations of HMGB1 in the tissues were detected using real-time PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry. Additionally, OA-fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) and RA-FLSs were isolated and cultured, and the expression of HMGB1 was reduced in these cells by transfection with HMGB1 siRNA. Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities were detected. Furthermore, the effects of HMGB1 on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-13 were measured using western blot analysis. At the tissue level, HMGB1 expression in synovial membrane did not differ significantly between the OA and RA-MTX groups, but was significantly lower in these groups than in the RA-noMTX group. In cell experiments, the cell doubling time in the RA-FLS HMGB1 siRNA group was significantly extended compared with that in the RA-FLS negative control (NC)-siRNA group. The amount of cell migration and invasion in the RA-FLS HMGB1 siRNA group was significantly lower compared with that in the NC-siRNA group; the MMP-2 and MMP-13 expression levels were also lower. These results showed that MTX reduced HMGB1 expression in RA synovial tissues, and through the downregulation of HMGB1 expression in tissues, MTX may slow disease progression of RA.
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33
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Kats A, Norgård M, Wondimu Z, Koro C, Concha Quezada H, Andersson G, Yucel-Lindberg T. Aminothiazoles inhibit RANKL- and LPS-mediated osteoclastogenesis and PGE2 production in RAW 264.7 cells. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:1128-38. [PMID: 26987561 PMCID: PMC4882984 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is characterized by chronic inflammation and osteoclast‐mediated bone loss regulated by the receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB (RANK), RANK ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aminothiazoles targeting prostaglandin E synthase‐1 (mPGES‐1) on RANKL‐ and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐mediated osteoclastogenesis and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in vitro using the osteoclast precursor RAW 264.7 cells. RAW 264.7 cells were treated with RANKL or LPS alone or in combination with the aminothiazoles 4‐([4‐(2‐naphthyl)‐1,3‐thiazol‐2‐yl]amino)phenol (TH‐848) or 4‐(3‐fluoro‐4‐methoxyphenyl)‐N‐(4‐phenoxyphenyl)‐1,3‐thiazol‐2‐amine (TH‐644). Aminothiazoles significantly decreased the number of multinucleated tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)‐positive osteoclast‐like cells in cultures of RANKL‐ and LPS‐stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, as well as reduced the production of PGE2 in culture supernatants. LPS‐treatment induced mPGES‐1 mRNA expression at 16 hrs and the subsequent PGE2 production at 72 hrs. Conversely, RANKL did not affect PGE2 secretion but markedly reduced mPGES‐1 at mRNA level. Furthermore, mRNA expression of TRAP and cathepsin K (CTSK) was reduced by aminothiazoles in RAW 264.7 cells activated by LPS, whereas RANK, OPG or tumour necrosis factor α mRNA expression was not significantly affected. In RANKL‐activated RAW 264.7 cells, TH‐848 and TH‐644 down‐regulated CTSK but not TRAP mRNA expression. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of aminothiazoles on PGE2 production was also confirmed in LPS‐stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures. In conclusion, the aminothiazoles reduced both LPS‐ and RANKL‐mediated osteoclastogenesis and PGE2 production in RAW 264.7 cells, suggesting these compounds as potential inhibitors for treatment of chronic inflammatory bone resorption, such as periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kats
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Maria Norgård
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Zenebech Wondimu
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Catalin Koro
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Hernán Concha Quezada
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Göran Andersson
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Tülay Yucel-Lindberg
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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34
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Gruber HE, Hoelscher GL, Bethea S, Ingram J, Cox M, Hanley EN. High-mobility group box-1 gene, a potent proinflammatory mediators, is upregulated in more degenerated human discs in vivo and its receptor upregulated by TNF-α exposure in vitro. Exp Mol Pathol 2015; 98:427-30. [PMID: 25746662 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms which control and enhance proinflammatory cytokine expression during human disc degeneration are still poorly understood. The high-mobility group box-1 gene (HMGB1) produces a protein which can itself act as a cytokine, or can function as a potent proinflammatory mediator. Little is known about expression of HMGB1 in the human disc. Since proinflammatory cytokines increase significantly during human disc degeneration, in this work we hypothesized that HMGB1 may show upregulation with advancing stages of degeneration, and upregulation in cells exposed to TNF-α. Immunohistochemistry was performed to confirm the presence of HMGB1 in the human disc, and human annulus cells were cultured and challenged with 10(3)pM TNF-α for 14days in 3D culture. Cells with positive HMGB1 immunolocalization were abundant in the outer annulus. Molecular analysis of cultured cells showed an 8-fold significant increase in HMGB1 expression in more degenerated Thompson grade V discs compared to healthier grade I/II discs (p=0.033). Human disc tissue was assessed in molecular studies. Herniated specimens showed a 6.3-fold significantly greater expression level than that seen in control specimens (p=0.001). In culture experiments, expression of the receptor to HMGB1, toll-like receptor 2, showed a 24-fold upregulation in vitro in cells exposed to TNF-α vs. controls (p=0.0003).
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen E Gruber
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, P.O. Box 32861, Charlotte, NC, USA.
| | - Gretchen L Hoelscher
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, P.O. Box 32861, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Synthia Bethea
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, P.O. Box 32861, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Jane Ingram
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, P.O. Box 32861, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Michael Cox
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, P.O. Box 32861, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Edward N Hanley
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, P.O. Box 32861, Charlotte, NC, USA
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35
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Kang R, Chen R, Zhang Q, Hou W, Wu S, Cao L, Huang J, Yu Y, Fan XG, Yan Z, Sun X, Wang H, Wang Q, Tsung A, Billiar TR, Zeh HJ, Lotze MT, Tang D. HMGB1 in health and disease. Mol Aspects Med 2014; 40:1-116. [PMID: 25010388 PMCID: PMC4254084 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 683] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Complex genetic and physiological variations as well as environmental factors that drive emergence of chromosomal instability, development of unscheduled cell death, skewed differentiation, and altered metabolism are central to the pathogenesis of human diseases and disorders. Understanding the molecular bases for these processes is important for the development of new diagnostic biomarkers, and for identifying new therapeutic targets. In 1973, a group of non-histone nuclear proteins with high electrophoretic mobility was discovered and termed high-mobility group (HMG) proteins. The HMG proteins include three superfamilies termed HMGB, HMGN, and HMGA. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), the most abundant and well-studied HMG protein, senses and coordinates the cellular stress response and plays a critical role not only inside of the cell as a DNA chaperone, chromosome guardian, autophagy sustainer, and protector from apoptotic cell death, but also outside the cell as the prototypic damage associated molecular pattern molecule (DAMP). This DAMP, in conjunction with other factors, thus has cytokine, chemokine, and growth factor activity, orchestrating the inflammatory and immune response. All of these characteristics make HMGB1 a critical molecular target in multiple human diseases including infectious diseases, ischemia, immune disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders, and cancer. Indeed, a number of emergent strategies have been used to inhibit HMGB1 expression, release, and activity in vitro and in vivo. These include antibodies, peptide inhibitors, RNAi, anti-coagulants, endogenous hormones, various chemical compounds, HMGB1-receptor and signaling pathway inhibition, artificial DNAs, physical strategies including vagus nerve stimulation and other surgical approaches. Future work further investigating the details of HMGB1 localization, structure, post-translational modification, and identification of additional partners will undoubtedly uncover additional secrets regarding HMGB1's multiple functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
| | - Ruochan Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Qiuhong Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Wen Hou
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Sha Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Lizhi Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xue-Gong Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Zhengwen Yan
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA; Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Xiaofang Sun
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Experimental Department of Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510510, China
| | - Haichao Wang
- Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Qingde Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Allan Tsung
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Timothy R Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Herbert J Zeh
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Michael T Lotze
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
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36
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Spencer DM, Mobarrez F, Wallén H, Pisetsky DS. The expression of HMGB1 on microparticles from Jurkat and HL-60 cells undergoing apoptosis in vitro. Scand J Immunol 2014; 80:101-10. [PMID: 24846056 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
HMGB1 is a highly conserved nuclear protein that displays important biological activities inside as well as outside the cell and serves as a prototypic alarmin to activate innate immunity. The translocation of HMGB1 from inside to outside the cell occurs with cell activation as well as cell death, including apoptosis. Apoptosis is also a setting for the release of cellular microparticles (MPs), which are small membrane-bound vesicles that represent an important source of extracellular nuclear molecules. To investigate whether HMGB1 released from cells during apoptosis is also present on MPs, we determined the presence of HMGB1 on particles released from Jurkat and HL-60 cells induced to undergo apoptosis in vitro by treatment with either etoposide or staurosporine; MPs released from cells undergoing necrosis by freeze-thaw were also characterized. As shown by both Western blot analysis and flow cytometry, MPs from apoptotic cells contain HMGB1, with binding by antibodies indicating an accessible location in the particle structure. These results indicate that HMGB1, like other nuclear molecules, can translocate into MPs during apoptosis and demonstrate another biochemical form of this molecule that may be immunologically active.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Spencer
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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37
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Parker KH, Sinha P, Horn LA, Clements VK, Yang H, Li J, Tracey KJ, Ostrand-Rosenberg S. HMGB1 enhances immune suppression by facilitating the differentiation and suppressive activity of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Cancer Res 2014; 74:5723-33. [PMID: 25164013 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-2347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation often precedes malignant transformation and later drives tumor progression. Likewise, subversion of the immune system plays a role in tumor progression, with tumoral immune escape now well recognized as a crucial hallmark of cancer. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are elevated in most individuals with cancer, where their accumulation and suppressive activity are driven by inflammation. Thus, MDSCs may define an element of the pathogenic inflammatory processes that drives immune escape. The secreted alarmin HMGB1 is a proinflammatory partner, inducer, and chaperone for many proinflammatory molecules that MDSCs develop. Therefore, in this study, we examined HMGB1 as a potential regulator of MDSCs. In murine tumor systems, HMGB1 was ubiquitous in the tumor microenvironment, activating the NF-κB signal transduction pathway in MDSCs and regulating their quantity and quality. We found that HMGB1 promotes the development of MDSCs from bone marrow progenitor cells, contributing to their ability to suppress antigen-driven activation of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. Furthermore, HMGB1 increased MDSC-mediated production of IL-10, enhanced crosstalk between MDSCs and macrophages, and facilitated the ability of MDSCs to downregulate expression of the T-cell homing receptor L-selectin. Overall, our results revealed a pivotal role for HMGB1 in the development and cancerous contributions of MDSCs.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Bone Marrow Cells/physiology
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Coculture Techniques
- Female
- HMGB1 Protein/physiology
- Interleukin-10/metabolism
- L-Selectin/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/immunology
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/metabolism
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Myeloid Cells/physiology
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Stem Cells/physiology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Tumor Escape
- Tumor Microenvironment
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine H Parker
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Pratima Sinha
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lucas A Horn
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Virginia K Clements
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Huan Yang
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York
| | - Jianhua Li
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York
| | - Kevin J Tracey
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York
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38
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Ohnishi M, Monda A, Takemoto R, Fujimoto Y, Sugitani M, Iwamura T, Hiroyasu T, Inoue A. High-mobility group box 1 up-regulates aquaporin 4 expression via microglia-astrocyte interaction. Neurochem Int 2014; 75:32-8. [PMID: 24893328 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
To clarify the mechanism of high-mobility group box (HMGB) 1-induced brain edema formation, this study focused on the effect of HMGB1 on aquaporin (AQP) 4, a water channel, in rat brain. Treatments for 6h with 100-1000ng/ml HMGB1, not showing self-toxicity, of primary-cultured rat astrocytes didnot increase AQP4 mRNA, unexpectedly. In contrast, intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of 300ng of HMGB1 significantly increased AQP4 protein after 8h and formed edema after 24h in vivo. Thus, we investigated the roles of microglia as well as astrocytes. HMGB1 (1000ng/ml) drastically increased interleukin (IL)-1β in the primary-cultured rat microglia after 2h. The exposure of microglia to conditioned medium with HMGB1 and 3mM adenosine 5'-triphosphate for 6h significantly increased AQP4 mRNA in astrocytes after 6h. Although 1000ng/ml HMGB1 didnot induce transfer of nuclear factor (NF)-κB into the nucleus in astrocytes after 1h, the conditioned medium containing IL-1β led to its nuclear import. As factors likely to be involved in the nuclear import of NF-κB besides IL-1β, nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-α didnot contribute under these conditions. Finally, i.c.v. injection of 30nmol parthenolide, an NF-κB inhibitor, reversed 300ng of HMGB1 injection-induced AQP4 protein increase after 8h in vivo. The effect of parthenolide and the outcomes obtained so far suggest that HMGB1 indirectly up-regulates AQP4 expression through diffusible factor(s) such as IL-1β from microglia since HMGB1 by itself didnot affect NF-κB intracellular localization in astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Ohnishi
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, 985-1 Sanzo, Higashimura-cho, Fukuyama, Hiroshima 729-0292, Japan.
| | - Ayaka Monda
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, 985-1 Sanzo, Higashimura-cho, Fukuyama, Hiroshima 729-0292, Japan
| | - Ryoko Takemoto
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, 985-1 Sanzo, Higashimura-cho, Fukuyama, Hiroshima 729-0292, Japan
| | - Yukina Fujimoto
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, 985-1 Sanzo, Higashimura-cho, Fukuyama, Hiroshima 729-0292, Japan
| | - Mitsumasa Sugitani
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, 985-1 Sanzo, Higashimura-cho, Fukuyama, Hiroshima 729-0292, Japan
| | - Takahiro Iwamura
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, 985-1 Sanzo, Higashimura-cho, Fukuyama, Hiroshima 729-0292, Japan
| | - Takashi Hiroyasu
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, 985-1 Sanzo, Higashimura-cho, Fukuyama, Hiroshima 729-0292, Japan
| | - Atsuko Inoue
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, 985-1 Sanzo, Higashimura-cho, Fukuyama, Hiroshima 729-0292, Japan
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Pisetsky DS. The expression of HMGB1 on microparticles released during cell activation and cell death in vitro and in vivo. Mol Med 2014; 20:158-63. [PMID: 24618884 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2014.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
High mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) is a nonhistone nuclear protein that is a prototypic alarmin that can stimulate innate immunity and drive the pathogenesis of a wide range of inflammatory diseases. While HMGB1 can be released from both activated and dying cells, its biochemical and immunological properties differ depending on the release mechanism, resulting from redox changes and posttranslational modifications including acetylation. In addition to release of HMGB1, cell death is associated with the release of microparticles. Microparticles are small membrane-bound vesicles that contain cytoplasmic, nuclear and membrane components. Like HMGB1, microparticles display immunological activity and levels are elevated in diseases characterized by inflammation and vasculopathy. While studies have addressed the immunological effects of HMGB1 and microparticles independently, HMGB1, like other nuclear molecules, is a component of microparticles. Evidence for the physical association of HMGB1 comes from Western blot analysis of microparticles derived from RAW 264.7 macrophage cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or induced to undergo apoptosis by treatment with etoposide or staurosporine in vitro. Analysis of microparticles in the blood of healthy volunteers receiving LPS shows the presence of HMGB1 as assessed by flow cytometry. Together, these findings indicate that HMGB1 can be a component of microparticles and may contribute to their activities. Furthermore, particle HMGB1 may represent a useful biomarker for in vivo events that may not be reflected by measurement of the total amount of HMGB1 in the blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Pisetsky
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America Medical Research Service, Durham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
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40
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Magna M, Pisetsky DS. The role of HMGB1 in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Mol Med 2014; 20:138-46. [PMID: 24531836 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2013.00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein is a highly abundant protein that can promote the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases once it is in an extracellular location. This translocation can occur with immune cell activation as well as cell death, with the conditions for release associated with the expression of different isoforms. These isoforms result from post-translational modifications, with the redox states of three cysteines at positions 23, 45 and 106 critical for activity. Depending on the redox states of these residues, HMGB1 can induce cytokine production via toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) or promote chemotaxis by binding the chemokine CXCL12 for stimulation via CXCR4. Fully oxidized HMGB1 is inactive. During the course of inflammatory disease, HMGB1 can therefore play a dynamic role depending on its redox state. As a mechanism to generate alarmins, cell death is an important source of HMGB1, although each major cell death form (necrosis, apoptosis, pyroptosis and NETosis) can lead to different isoforms of HMGB1 and variable levels of association of HMGB1 with nucleosomes. The association of HMGB1 with nucleosomes may contribute to the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus by producing nuclear material whose immunological properties are enhanced by the presence of an alarmin. Since HMGB1 levels in blood or tissue are elevated in many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, this molecule can serve as a unique biomarker as well as represent a target of novel therapies to block its various activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Magna
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - David S Pisetsky
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America Medical Research Service, Durham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
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Nakamura Y, Morioka N, Abe H, Zhang FF, Hisaoka-Nakashima K, Liu K, Nishibori M, Nakata Y. Neuropathic pain in rats with a partial sciatic nerve ligation is alleviated by intravenous injection of monoclonal antibody to high mobility group box-1. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73640. [PMID: 23991202 PMCID: PMC3749159 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
High mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) is associated with the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. A previous study reported that intravenous injection of anti-HMGB1 monoclonal antibody significantly attenuated brain edema in a rat model of stroke, possibly by attenuating glial activation. Peripheral nerve injury leads to increased activity of glia in the spinal cord dorsal horn. Thus, it is possible that the anti-HMGB1 antibody could also be efficacious in attenuating peripheral nerve injury-induced pain. Following partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSNL), rats were treated with either anti-HMGB1 or control IgG. Intravenous treatment with anti-HMGB1 monoclonal antibody (2 mg/kg) significantly ameliorated PSNL-induced hind paw tactile hypersensitivity at 7, 14 and 21 days, but not 3 days, after ligation, whereas control IgG had no effect on tactile hypersensitivity. The expression of HMGB1 protein in the spinal dorsal horn was significantly increased 7, 14 and 21 days after PSNL; the efficacy of the anti-HMGB1 antibody is likely related to the presence of HMGB1 protein. Also, the injury-induced translocation of HMGB1 from the nucleus to the cytosol occurred mainly in dorsal horn neurons and not in astrocytes and microglia, indicating a neuronal source of HMGB1. Markers of astrocyte (glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)), microglia (ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1)) and spinal neuron (cFos) activity were greatly increased in the ipsilateral dorsal horn side compared to the sham-operated side 21 days after PSNL. Anti-HMGB1 monoclonal antibody treatment significantly decreased the injury-induced expression of cFos and Iba1, but not GFAP. The results demonstrate that nerve injury evokes the synthesis and release of HMGB1 from spinal neurons, facilitating the activity of both microglia and neurons, which in turn leads to symptoms of neuropathic pain. Thus, the targeting of HMGB1 could be a useful therapeutic strategy in the treatment of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoki Nakamura
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Norimitsu Morioka
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiromi Abe
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Fang Fang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazue Hisaoka-Nakashima
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Keyue Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmacological Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nishibori
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmacological Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nakata
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Frolov A, Dong H, Jiang M, Yang L, Cook EC, Matnani R, Hammock BD, Crofford LJ. Niemann-pick type C2 deficiency in human fibroblasts confers robust and selective activation of prostaglandin E2 biosynthesis. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:23696-703. [PMID: 23814065 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.445916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Activated fibroblasts, also known as myofibroblasts, are mediators of several major human pathologies including proliferative fibrotic disorders, invasive tumor growth, rheumatoid arthritis, and atherosclerosis. We previously identified Niemann-Pick type C2 (NPC2) protein as a negative regulator of fibroblast activation (Csepeggi, C., Jiang, M., Kojima, F., Crofford, L. J., and Frolov, A. (2011) J. Biol. Chem. 286, 2078-2087). Here we report that NPC2-deficiency leads to a dramatic up-regulation of the arachidonic acid (AA) metabolic pathway in human fibroblasts. The major enzymes in this pathway, cPLA2 type IVA, COX-2, and mPGES-1, were dramatically up-regulated at both the transcriptional and translational levels. The specific phenotypic changes resulted in a >10-fold increase in the production and secretion of a key modulator of inflammation and immunity, prostaglandin E2. More importantly, AA metabolome profiling by liquid chromatography/tandem mass-spectrometry revealed the very specific nature of prostaglandin E2 up-regulation as the other analyzed AA metabolites derived from the COX-2, cytochrome P450, 5/15-lipoxygenase, and non-enzymatic oxidative pathways were mostly down-regulated. Blocking activity of cPLA2 efficiently suppressed expression of inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and IL-6, thereby identifying cPLA2 as an important regulator of the inflammatory program in NPC2-null cells. Altogether, these studies highlight NPC2 as a specific regulator of AA metabolism and inflammation that suggests potential for NPC2 protein or its related signaling in the treatment of inflammatory diseases characterized by the presence of activated fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Frolov
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA.
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